LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE C - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following table presents the Corporation’s loan portfolio by category of loans for 2022 and 2021. LOAN PORTFOLIO (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) December 31, 2022 2021 $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 210,823 177,396 Agriculture mortgages 221,167 203,725 Construction 86,793 19,639 Total commercial real estate 518,783 400,760 Consumer real estate (a) 1-4 family residential mortgages 410,301 317,037 Home equity loans 11,937 11,181 Home equity lines of credit 98,349 75,698 Total consumer real estate 520,587 403,916 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 87,528 65,615 Tax-free loans 28,664 23,009 Agriculture loans 27,122 20,717 Total commercial and industrial 143,314 109,341 Consumer 5,769 5,132 Gross loans prior to deferred costs and allowance for loan losses 1,188,453 919,149 Deferred loan costs, net 2,664 1,755 Allowance for credit losses (14,151 ) (12,931 ) Total net loans 1,176,966 907,973 (a) Real estate loans serviced for others, which are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $298,375,000 and $289,263,000 as of December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The Corporation grades commercial credits differently than consumer credits. The following tables represent all of the Corporation’s commercial credit exposures by internally assigned grades as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations under the loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Corporation's internal commercial credit risk grading system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. The Corporation's internally assigned grades for commercial credits are as follows: ● Pass – loans which are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. ● Special Mention – loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem if not corrected. ● Substandard – loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Doubtful – loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances. ● Loss – loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible, or of such value that continuance as an asset is not warranted. COMMERCIAL CREDIT EXPOSURE CREDIT RISK PROFILE BY INTERNALLY ASSIGNED GRADE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Commercial Commercial Agriculture and Tax-free Agriculture December 31, 2022 Mortgages Mortgages Construction Industrial Loans Loans Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Grade: Pass 209,534 214,905 83,240 85,977 28,664 26,749 649,069 Special Mention — 1,966 3,553 893 — 132 6,544 Substandard 1,289 4,296 — 658 — 241 6,484 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — Total 210,823 221,167 86,793 87,528 28,664 27,122 662,097 COMMERCIAL CREDIT EXPOSURE CREDIT RISK PROFILE BY INTERNALLY ASSIGNED GRADE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Commercial Commercial Agriculture and Tax-free Agriculture December 31, 2021 Mortgages Mortgages Construction Industrial Loans Loans Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Grade: Pass 172,540 192,943 13,544 57,214 23,009 19,980 479,230 Special Mention 2,443 2,542 6,095 4,657 — 90 15,827 Substandard 2,413 8,240 — 3,744 — 647 15,044 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — Total 177,396 203,725 19,639 65,615 23,009 20,717 510,101 For consumer loans, the Corporation evaluates credit quality based on whether the loan is considered performing or non-performing. A consumer loan is considered non-performing when it is over 90 days past due. Management will generally charge off consumer loans more than 120 days past due for closed end loans and over 180 days for open-end consumer loans. The following table presents the balances of consumer loans by classes of the loan portfolio based on payment performance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: CONSUMER CREDIT EXPOSURE CREDIT RISK PROFILE BY PAYMENT PERFORMANCE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) 1-4 Family Home Equity December 31, 2022 Residential Home Equity Lines of Mortgages Loans Credit Consumer Total Payment performance: $ $ $ $ $ Performing 409,854 11,598 98,349 5,738 525,539 Non-performing 447 339 — 30 816 Total 410,301 11,937 98,349 5,768 526,355 CONSUMER CREDIT EXPOSURE CREDIT RISK PROFILE BY PAYMENT PERFORMANCE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) 1-4 Family Home Equity December 31, 2021 Residential Home Equity Lines of Mortgages Loans Credit Consumer Total Payment performance: $ $ $ $ $ Performing 316,722 11,181 75,659 5,132 408,694 Non-performing 315 — 39 — 354 Total 317,037 11,181 75,698 5,132 409,048 The following tables present an age analysis of the Corporation’s past due loans, segregated by loan portfolio class, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: AGING OF LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Loans Greater Receivable > 30-59 Days 60-89 Days than 90 Total Past Total Loans 90 Days and December 31, 2022 Past Due Past Due Days Due Current Receivable Accruing $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages — — 554 554 210,269 210,823 — Agriculture mortgages — — 2,787 2,787 218,380 221,167 — Construction — — — — 86,793 86,793 — Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 905 — 447 1,352 408,949 410,301 139 Home equity loans 17 — 339 356 11,581 11,937 — Home equity lines of credit 165 16 — 181 98,168 98,349 — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — 190 190 87,338 87,528 — Tax-free loans — — — — 28,664 28,664 — Agriculture loans — — — — 27,122 27,122 — Consumer 9 5 30 44 5,725 5,769 30 Total 1,096 21 4,347 5,464 1,182,989 1,188,453 169 AGING OF LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Loans December 31, 2021 Greater Receivable > 30-59 Days 60-89 Days than 90 Total Past Total Loans 90 Days and Past Due Past Due Days Due Current Receivable Accruing $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 22 — 184 206 177,190 177,396 — Agriculture mortgages 232 — 1,838 2,070 201,655 203,725 — Construction — — — — 19,639 19,639 — Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 1,464 68 315 1,847 315,190 317,037 276 Home equity loans 19 — — 19 11,162 11,181 — Home equity lines of credit — — 39 39 75,659 75,698 39 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 43 — 395 438 65,177 65,615 10 Tax-free loans — — — — 23,009 23,009 — Agriculture loans — 9 110 119 20,598 20,717 — Consumer 22 — — 22 5,110 5,132 — Total 1,802 77 2,881 4,760 914,389 919,149 325 As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, all of the Corporation’s non-homogeneous loans on non-accrual status were also considered impaired. The following table presents non-accrual loans by classes of the loan portfolio as of December 31: NON-ACCRUAL LOANS BY LOAN CLASS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) 2022 2021 $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 554 184 Agriculture mortgages 2,787 1,838 Construction — — Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 308 39 Home equity loans 339 — Home equity lines of credit — — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 190 385 Tax-free loans — — Agriculture loans — 110 Consumer — — Total 4,178 2,556 No loan modifications were made during 2022 or 2021 that would be considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). A modification of the payment terms to a loan customer are considered a TDR if a concession was made to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty. A concession is generally defined as more favorable payment or credit terms granted to a borrower in an effort to improve the likelihood of the lender collecting principal in its entirety. Concessions usually are in the form of interest only for a period of time, or a lower interest rate offered in an effort to enable the borrower to continue to make normally scheduled payments. Included in the impaired loan portfolio is one loan to a commercial borrower that is being reported as a TDR. The balance of this TDR loan was $442,000 as of December 31, 2022. This TDR is not non-accrual. The following table summarizes information in regards to impaired loans by loan portfolio class as of December 31, 2022: IMPAIRED LOAN ANALYSIS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest $ $ $ $ $ With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 1,201 1,271 — 779 — Agriculture mortgages 3,229 3,348 — 3,350 24 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 4,430 4,619 — 4,129 24 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 190 199 — 160 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 190 199 — 160 — Total with no related allowance 4,620 4,818 — 4,289 24 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages — — — — — Agriculture mortgages — — — — — Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate — — — — — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial — — — — — Total with a related allowance — — — — — Total by loan class: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 1,201 1,271 — 779 — Agriculture mortgages 3,229 3,348 — 3,350 24 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 4,430 4,619 — 4,129 24 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 190 199 — 160 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 190 199 — 160 — Total 4,620 4,818 — 4,289 24 The following table summarizes information in regards to impaired loans by loan portfolio class as of December 31, 2021: IMPAIRED LOAN ANALYSIS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest $ $ $ $ $ With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 223 263 — 2,153 106 Agriculture mortgages 2,055 2,066 — 1,313 54 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 2,278 2,329 — 3,466 160 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 385 438 — 419 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 385 438 — 419 — Total with no related allowance 2,663 2,767 — 3,885 160 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages — — — — — Agriculture mortgages 551 559 37 144 — Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 551 559 37 144 — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans 110 111 110 26 — Total commercial and industrial 110 111 110 26 — Total with a related allowance 661 670 147 170 — Total by loan class: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 223 263 — 2,153 106 Agriculture mortgages 2,606 2,625 37 1,457 54 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 2,829 2,888 37 3,610 160 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 385 438 — 419 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans 110 111 110 26 — Total commercial and industrial 495 549 110 445 — Total 3,324 3,437 147 4,055 160 The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2022: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Commercial Commercial Consumer and Real Estate Real Estate Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance 6,263 3,834 2,112 87 635 12,931 Charge-offs (84 ) — (44 ) (19 ) — (147 ) Recoveries 10 10 42 5 — 67 Provision (115 ) 1,598 41 (6 ) (218 ) 1,300 Ending balance 6,074 5,442 2,151 67 417 14,151 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment — — — — — — Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 6,074 5,442 2,151 67 417 14,151 Loans receivable: Ending balance 518,783 520,587 143,314 5,769 1,188,453 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 4,430 — 190 — 4,620 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 514,353 520,587 143,124 5,769 1,183,833 The dollar amount of the allowance only changed significantly for the consumer real estate sector, showing an increase of $1.6 million from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022. The changes in allowance for the other loan sectors were minimal. The higher provision in the consumer real estate sector was primarily caused by growth within this segment of the loan portfolio during 2022. In the two years prior to 2022, most residential mortgage loans were being generated and sold on the secondary market. With the rapid increase in mortgage rates during 2022, most residential mortgage originations were in the form of adjustable rate mortgages which were held on the Corporation’s balance sheet. Net charge-offs were minimal during the year ended December 31, 2022, so the provision expense was primarily related to loan portfolio growth. The December 31, 2022 ending balance of the allowance was up $1,220,000, or 9.4%, from December 31, 2021, and the allowance as a percentage of total loans was 1.19% as of December 31, 2022, and 1.40% as of December 31, 2021. The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2021: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Commercial Commercial Consumer and Real Estate Real Estate Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance 6,329 3,449 1,972 52 525 12,327 Charge-offs — (20 ) — (35 ) — (55 ) Recoveries 109 2 56 17 — 184 Provision (credit) (175 ) 403 84 53 110 475 Ending balance 6,263 3,834 2,112 87 635 12,931 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 37 — 110 — — 147 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 6,226 3,834 2,002 87 635 12,784 Loans receivable: Ending balance 400,760 403,916 109,341 5,132 919,149 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 2,829 — 495 — 3,324 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 397,931 403,916 108,846 5,132 915,825 The dollar amount of the allowance increased for all loan segments except commercial real estate between December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021. The lower provision in the commercial real estate sector was due to a specific allocation of $1.1 million made during 2020 for a customer with ongoing business concerns. This loan paid off in 2021 resulting in a reversal of this specific allocation. The higher provisions across the other categories were primarily caused by growth within these segments of the loan portfolio. Recoveries exceeded charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2021, so the provision expense was primarily related to loan portfolio growth and minor increases in qualitative factors. |