Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | 5. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The following table presents the Corporation’s loan portfolio by category of loans as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands): September 30, 2023 $ Agriculture 248,540 Business Loans 351,319 Consumer 6,516 Home Equity 105,593 Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate 133,454 Residential Real Estate (a) 487,833 Gross loans prior to deferred costs 1,333,255 Deferred loan costs, net 2,342 Allowance for credit losses (16,349 ) Total net loans (b) 1,319,248 (a) Real estate loans serviced for others, which are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $298,899,000 as of September 30, 2023. (b) Refer to Note 1, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents the Corporation’s loan portfolio, prior to the adoption of ASC 326, by category of loans and the impact of the change from the adoption of the standard (in thousands): Post Adoption December 31, Adoption January, 1 2022 Impact 2023 $ $ $ Agriculture — 238,734 238,734 Business Loans — 336,340 336,340 Home Equity — 98,854 98,854 Non-Owner Occupied CRE — 111,333 111,333 Residential Real Estate (a) — 397,260 397,260 Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 210,823 (210,823 ) — Agriculture mortgages 221,167 (221,167 ) — Construction 86,793 (86,793 ) — Total commercial real estate 518,783 (518,783 ) — Consumer real estate (a) 1-4 family residential mortgages 410,301 (410,301 ) — Home equity loans 11,937 (11,937 ) — Home equity lines of credit 98,349 (98,349 ) — Total consumer real estate 520,587 (520,587 ) — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 87,528 (87,528 ) — Tax-free loans 28,664 (28,664 ) — Agriculture loans 27,122 (27,122 ) — Total commercial and industrial 143,314 (143,314 ) — Consumer 5,769 163 5,932 Gross loans prior to deferred fees 1,188,453 — 1,188,453 Deferred loan costs, net 2,664 Allowance for credit losses (14,151 ) Total net loans 1,176,966 (a) Real estate loans serviced for others, which are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $298,375,000 as of December 31, 2022. Age Analysis of Past-Due Loans Receivable The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past-due status as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands): September 30, 2023 31-60 61-90 Greater Than Days Days 90 Days Total Total Current Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Loans Agriculture $ 248,066 $ 474 $ — $ — $ 474 $ 248,540 Business Loans 351,196 — 5 118 123 351,319 Consumer 6,486 — 13 17 30 6,516 Home Equity 105,352 121 120 — 241 105,593 Non-Owner Occupied CRE 133,454 — — — — 133,454 Residential Real Estate 486,406 718 13 696 1,427 487,833 Total (a) $ 1,330,960 $ 1,313 $ 151 $ 831 $ 2,295 $ 1,333,255 (a) Refer to Note 1, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past-due status as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Loans Greater Receivable > 30-59 Days 60-89 Days than 90 Total Past Total Loans 90 Days and Past Due Past Due Days Due Current Receivable Accruing $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages — — 554 554 210,269 210,823 — Agriculture mortgages — — 2,787 2,787 218,380 221,167 — Construction — — — — 86,793 86,793 — Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 905 — 447 1,352 408,949 410,301 139 Home equity loans 17 — 339 356 11,581 11,937 — Home equity lines of credit 165 16 — 181 98,168 98,349 — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — 190 190 87,338 87,528 — Tax-free loans — — — — 28,664 28,664 — Agriculture loans — — — — 27,122 27,122 — Consumer 9 5 30 44 5,725 5,769 30 Total 1,096 21 4,347 5,464 1,182,989 1,188,453 169 Nonperforming Loans The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing interest as of September 30, 2023, (in thousands): Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Loans Past with no with Total Due Over 90 Days Total ACL ACL Nonaccrual Still Accruing Nonperforming Agriculture $ 959 $ — $ 959 $ — $ 959 Business Loans 1,857 — 1,857 — 1,857 Consumer Loans — — — 17 17 Home Equity — — — — — Non-Owner Occupied CRE — — — — — Residential Real Estate — — — 696 696 Total (a) $ 2,816 $ — $ 2,816 $ 713 $ 3,529 (a) Refer to Note 1, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents nonaccrual loans by classes of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Nonaccrual Loans December 31, 2022 $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 554 Agriculture mortgages 2,787 Construction — Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 308 Home equity loans 339 Home equity lines of credit — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 190 Tax-free loans — Agriculture loans — Consumer — Total 4,178 Credit Quality Indicators The Corporation grades commercial credits differently than consumer credits. The following tables represent all of the Corporation’s commercial credit exposures by internally assigned grades as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations under the loan agreements as scheduled. The Corporation's internal commercial credit risk grading system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. The Corporation's internally assigned grades for commercial credits are as follows: ● Pass – loans which are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. ● Special Mention – loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem, if not corrected. ● Substandard – loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Doubtful – loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances. ● Loss – loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible, or of such value that continuance as an asset is not warranted. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following table presents the recorded investment by internal risk rating system for Commercial Credit exposure as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands): Revolving Revolving Term Loans Amortized Costs Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans Amortized Converted September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Agriculture Risk Rating Pass $ 35,509 $ 43,270 $ 50,135 $ 20,372 $ 15,293 $ 61,641 $ 17,305 $ — $ 243,525 Special Mention 63 28 578 — 182 1,173 153 — 2,177 Substandard — — — 730 303 1,805 — — 2,838 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total $ 35,572 $ 43,298 $ 50,713 $ 21,102 $ 15,778 $ 64,619 $ 17,458 $ — $ 248,540 Agriculture Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Business Loans Risk Rating Pass $ 32,457 $ 103,772 $ 68,985 $ 38,030 $ 16,715 $ 47,291 $ 37,831 $ — $ 345,081 Special Mention — — — — — 272 — — 272 Substandard 3,172 1,459 — 281 — 881 173 — 5,966 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total $ 35,629 $ 105,231 $ 68,985 $ 38,311 $ 16,715 $ 48,444 $ 38,004 $ — $ 351,319 Business Loans Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Non-Owner Occupied CRE Risk Rating Pass $ 21,065 $ 47,016 $ 27,326 $ 13,014 $ 7,797 $ 13,410 $ 490 $ — $ 130,118 Special Mention — 643 — — — — — — 643 Substandard — — — — 2,386 307 — — 2,693 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total $ 21,065 $ 47,659 $ 27,326 $ 13,014 $ 10,183 $ 13,717 $ 490 $ — $ 133,454 Non-Owner Occupied CRE Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total Risk Rating Pass $ 89,031 $ 194,058 $ 146,446 $ 71,416 $ 39,805 $ 122,342 $ 55,626 $ — $ 718,724 Special Mention 63 671 578 — 182 1,445 153 — 3,092 Substandard 3,172 1,459 — 1,011 2,689 2,993 173 — 11,497 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total (a) $ 92,266 $ 196,188 $ 147,024 $ 72,427 $ 42,676 $ 126,780 $ 55,952 $ — $ 733,313 (a) Refer to Note 1, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents the recorded investment in loans by internal risk rating system for Commercial Credit Exposure as of December 31, 2022 in accordance with ASC 310 (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Commercial Agriculture Construction Commercial Tax-free Agriculture Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Grade: Pass 209,534 214,905 83,240 85,977 28,664 26,749 649,069 Special Mention — 1,966 3,553 893 — 132 6,544 Substandard 1,289 4,296 — 658 — 241 6,484 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — Total 210,823 221,167 86,793 87,528 28,664 27,122 662,097 For consumer loans, the Corporation evaluates credit quality based on whether the loan is considered performing or non-performing. Non-performing loans consist of those loans greater than 90 days delinquent and nonaccrual loans. The following table presents the balances of consumer loans by classes of the loan portfolio based on payment performance as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands): Revolving Revolving Term Loans Amortized Costs Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans Amortized Converted September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Consumer Payment Performance Performing $ 2,820 $ 1,279 $ 458 $ 220 $ 41 $ 4 $ 1,677 $ — $ 6,499 Nonperforming — 17 — — — — — — 17 Total $ 2,820 $ 1,296 $ 458 $ 220 $ 41 $ 4 $ 1,677 $ — $ 6,516 Consumer Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 30 $ 7 $ 1 $ 1 $ 2 $ — $ — $ 41 Home equity Payment Performance Performing $ 5,189 $ 19,185 $ 1,084 $ 602 $ 566 $ 1,967 $ 74,598 $ 2,402 $ 105,593 Nonperforming — — — — — — — — — Total $ 5,189 $ 19,185 $ 1,084 $ 602 $ 566 $ 1,967 $ 74,598 $ 2,402 $ 105,593 Home equity Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential Real Estate Payment Performance Performing $ 101,537 $ 154,677 $ 107,045 $ 44,636 $ 32,391 $ 46,851 $ — $ — $ 487,137 Nonperforming — 239 359 — — 98 — — 696 Total $ 101,537 $ 154,916 $ 107,404 $ 44,636 $ 32,391 $ 46,949 $ — $ — $ 487,833 Residential Real Estate Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total Payment Performance Performing $ 109,546 $ 175,141 $ 108,587 $ 45,458 $ 32,998 $ 48,822 $ 76,275 $ 2,402 $ 599,229 Nonperforming — 256 359 — — 98 — — 713 Total (a) $ 109,546 $ 175,397 $ 108,946 $ 45,458 $ 32,998 $ 48,920 $ 76,275 $ 2,402 $ 599,942 (a) Refer to Note 1, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents the balances of consumer loans by classes of the loan portfolio based on payment performance as of December 31, 2022 in accordance with ASC 310 (in thousands): December 31, 2022 1-4 Family Home Equity Home Equity Consumer Total Payment performance: $ $ $ $ $ Performing 409,854 11,598 98,349 5,739 525,540 Non-performing 447 339 — 30 816 Total 410,301 11,937 98,349 5,769 526,356 As of December 31, 2022, all of the Corporation’s commercial loans on nonaccrual status were also considered impaired. Information with respect to impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, in accordance with ASC 310 is as follows: Three Nine Months Months Ended Ended September 30, September 30, 2022 2022 $ $ Average recorded balance of impaired loans 5,028 4,012 Interest income recognized on impaired loans 5 19 The following tables summarize information regarding impaired loans by loan portfolio class as of December 31, 2022, in accordance with ASC 310: December 31, 2022 Recorded Unpaid Related $ $ $ With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 1,201 1,271 — Agriculture mortgages 3,229 3,348 — Construction — — — Total commercial real estate 4,430 4,619 — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 190 199 — Tax-free loans — — — Agriculture loans — — — Total commercial and industrial 190 199 — Total with no related allowance 4,620 4,818 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages — — — Agriculture mortgages — — — Construction — — — Total commercial real estate — — — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — — Tax-free loans — — — Agriculture loans — — — Total commercial and industrial — — — Total with a related allowance — — — Total by loan class: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 1,201 1,271 — Agriculture mortgages 3,229 3,348 — Construction — — — Total commercial real estate 4,430 4,619 — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 190 199 — Tax-free loans — — — Agriculture loans — — — Total commercial and industrial 190 199 — Total 4,620 4,818 — Allowance for Credit Losses The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands): Beginning Provisions Ending Balance Charge-offs Recoveries (Reductions) Balance Allowance for credit losses: Agriculture 3,666 — — (290 ) 3,376 Business Loans 3,449 — — (432 ) 3,017 Consumer Loans 357 (26 ) 3 33 367 Home Equity 2,339 — — (26 ) 2,313 Non-Owner Occupied CRE 943 — — (30 ) 913 Residential Real Estate 6,079 — — 284 6,363 Total (a) $ 16,833 $ (26 ) $ 3 $ (461 ) $ 16,349 (a) Refer to Note 1, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands): Impact of Beginning adopting Provisions Ending Balance ASC 326 Charge-offs Recoveries (Reductions) Balance Allowance for credit losses: Commercial Real Estate $ 6,074 $ (6,074 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer Real Estate 5,442 (5,442 ) — — — — Commercial & Industrial 2,151 (2,151 ) — — — — Consumer 67 (67 ) — — — — Agriculture — 3,537 — 71 (232 ) 3,376 Business Loans — 3,382 — 8 (373 ) 3,017 Consumer Loans — 250 (41 ) 3 155 367 Home Equity — 2,129 — — 184 2,313 Non-Owner Occupied CRE — 875 — — 38 913 Residential Real Estate — 4,658 — 8 1,697 6,363 Unallocated 417 (417 ) — — — — Total (a) $ 14,151 $ 680 $ (41 ) $ 90 $ 1,469 $ 16,349 (a) Refer to Note 1, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, management charged off $41,000 in loans while recovering $90,000 and added $1,469,000 to the provision for credit losses related to loans and added $99,000 to the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure for a combined provision of $1,568,000. The ACL is maintained at a level determined to be adequate to absorb estimated expected credit losses within the loan portfolio over the contractual life of an instrument that considers historical loss experience, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions as of the balance sheet date. The Corporation develops and documents a systematic ACL methodology based on the following portfolio segments: Agriculture, Business Loans, Consumer Loans, Home Equity, Non-Owner Occupied CRE, and Residential Real Estate. The following are key risks within each portfolio segment: Agriculture – Business Loans Consumer - Home Equity– Non-Owner Occupied CRE - Residential Real Estate The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Commercial Consumer Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance - December 31, 2021 6,263 3,834 2,112 87 635 12,931 Charge-offs (65 ) — — (1 ) — (66 ) Recoveries — 3 10 1 — 14 Provision (90 ) 41 193 (16 ) (28 ) 100 Balance - March 31, 2022 6,108 3,878 2,315 71 607 12,979 Charge-offs — — (41 ) — — (41 ) Recoveries 2 3 12 1 — 18 Provision (239 ) 834 255 (28 ) (172 ) 650 Balance - June 30, 2022 5,871 4,715 2,541 44 435 13,606 Charge-offs — — (18 ) (15 ) — (33 ) Recoveries 10 3 13 1 — 27 Provision 529 108 (109 ) 34 (12 ) 550 Balance - September 30, 2022 6,410 4,826 2,427 64 423 14,150 During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, management charged off $140,000 in loans while recovering $59,000 and added $1,300,000 to the provision. The unallocated portion of the allowance decreased from 4.9% of total reserves as of December 31, 2021, to 3.0% as of September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net provision expense was recorded for all sectors except the consumer sector where a small credit provision was recorded. The provision expense for the commercial real estate, consumer real estate, and commercial and industrial sectors was primarily related to growth in those sectors of the loan portfolio through September 30, 2022, while the credit provision in the consumer sector was primarily related to declining qualitative factors in several areas since September 30, 2021 The following table presents the balance in the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in loans receivable by portfolio segment based on estimation method as of September 30, 2023: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) As of September 30, 2023: Agriculture Business Consumer Home Non- Residential Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Ending balance: individually evaluated — — — — — — — Ending balance: collectively evaluated 3,376 3,017 367 2,313 913 6,363 16,349 Loans receivable: Ending balance 248,540 351,319 6,516 105,593 133,454 487,833 1,333,255 Ending balance: individually evaluated 2,463 754 — — — — 3,217 Ending balance: collectively evaluated 246,077 350,565 6,516 105,593 133,454 487,833 1,330,038 The following table presents the balance in the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in loans receivable by portfolio segment based on impairment method as of December 31, 2022: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) As of December 31, 2022: Commercial Consumer Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment — — — — — — Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 6,074 5,442 2,151 67 417 14,151 Loans receivable: Ending balance 518,783 520,587 143,314 5,769 1,188,453 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 4,430 — 190 — 4,620 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 514,353 520,587 143,124 5,769 1,183,833 |