LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE C - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following table presents the Corporation’s loan portfolio by category of loans as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 $ Agriculture 257,372 Business Loans 354,252 Consumer 6,392 Home Equity 107,176 Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate 135,117 Residential Real Estate (a) 497,553 Gross loans prior to deferred costs 1,357,862 Deferred loan costs, net 2,216 Allowance for credit losses (15,176 ) Total net loans (b) 1,344,902 (a) Real estate loans serviced for others, which are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $301,822,000 as of December 31, 2023. (b) Refer to Note A, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents the Corporation’s loan portfolio, prior to the adoption of ASC 326, by category of loans and the impact of the change from the adoption of the standard (in thousands): Post Adoption December 31, Adoption January, 1 2022 Impact 2023 $ $ $ Agriculture — 238,734 238,734 Business Loans — 336,340 336,340 Home Equity — 98,854 98,854 Non-Owner Occupied CRE — 111,333 111,333 Residential Real Estate (a) — 397,260 397,260 Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 210,823 (210,823 ) — Agriculture mortgages 221,167 (221,167 ) — Construction 86,793 (86,793 ) — Total commercial real estate 518,783 (518,783 ) — Consumer real estate (a) 1-4 family residential mortgages 410,301 (410,301 ) — Home equity loans 11,937 (11,937 ) — Home equity lines of credit 98,349 (98,349 ) — Total consumer real estate 520,587 (520,587 ) — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 87,528 (87,528 ) — Tax-free loans 28,664 (28,664 ) — Agriculture loans 27,122 (27,122 ) — Total commercial and industrial 143,314 (143,314 ) — Consumer 5,769 163 5,932 Gross loans prior to deferred fees 1,188,453 — 1,188,453 Deferred loan costs, net 2,664 Allowance for credit losses (14,151 ) Total net loans 1,176,966 (a) Real estate loans serviced for others, which are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $298,375,000 as of December 31, 2022. Credit Quality Indicators The Corporation grades commercial credits differently than consumer credits. The following tables represent all of the Corporation’s commercial credit exposures by internally assigned grades as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations under the loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Corporation's internal commercial credit risk grading system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. The Corporation's internally assigned grades for commercial credits are as follows: ● Pass – loans which are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. ● Special Mention – loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem if not corrected. ● Substandard – loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Doubtful – loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances. ● Loss – loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible, or of such value that continuance as an asset is not warranted. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following table presents the recorded investment by internal risk rating system for Commercial Credit exposure as of December 31, 2023 in accordance with ASC 326 (in thousands): Revolving Revolving Term Loans Amortized Costs Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans Amortized Converted December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Agriculture Risk Rating Pass $ 47,599 $ 41,741 $ 49,276 $ 18,699 $ 14,793 $ 58,459 $ 21,157 $ — $ 251,724 Special Mention 60 9 96 697 170 1,136 204 — 2,372 Substandard — — 424 719 361 1,772 — 3,276 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total $ 47,659 $ 41,750 $ 49,796 $ 20,115 $ 15,324 $ 61,367 $ 21,361 $ — $ 257,372 Agriculture Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Business Loans Risk Rating Pass $ 43,670 $ 102,419 $ 64,030 $ 36,675 $ 17,785 $ 45,583 $ 37,269 $ — $ 347,431 Special Mention — 43 426 — — 270 100 — 839 Substandard 3,152 1,369 — 263 — 838 360 — 5,982 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total $ 46,822 $ 103,831 $ 64,456 $ 36,938 $ 17,785 $ 46,691 $ 37,729 $ — $ 354,252 Business Loans Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Non-Owner Occupied CRE Risk Rating Pass $ 26,757 $ 43,976 $ 27,377 $ 12,849 $ 7,705 $ 12,397 $ 375 $ — $ 131,436 Special Mention 392 639 — — — 37 — — 1,068 Substandard — — — — 2,312 301 — — 2,613 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total $ 27,149 $ 44,615 $ 27,377 $ 12,849 $ 10,017 $ 12,735 $ 375 $ — $ 135,117 Non-Owner Occupied CRE Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total Risk Rating Pass $ 118,026 $ 188,136 $ 140,683 $ 68,223 $ 40,283 $ 116,439 $ 58,801 $ — $ 730,591 Special Mention 452 691 522 697 170 1,443 304 — 4,279 Substandard 3,152 1,369 424 982 2,673 2,911 360 — 11,871 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total (a) $ 121,630 $ 190,196 $ 141,629 $ 69,902 $ 43,126 $ 120,793 $ 59,465 $ — $ 746,741 (a) Refer to Note A, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents the recorded investment in loans by internal risk rating system for Commercial Credit Exposure as of December 31, 2022 in accordance with ASC 310 (in thousands): Commercial Commercial Agriculture and Tax-free Agriculture December 31, 2022 Mortgages Mortgages Construction Industrial Loans Loans Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Grade: Pass 209,534 214,905 83,240 85,977 28,664 26,749 649,069 Special Mention — 1,966 3,553 893 — 132 6,544 Substandard 1,289 4,296 — 658 — 241 6,484 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — Total 210,823 221,167 86,793 87,528 28,664 27,122 662,097 For consumer loans, the Corporation evaluates credit quality based on whether the loan is considered performing or non-performing. Non-performing loans consist of those loans greater than 90 days delinquent and nonaccrual loans. Management will generally charge off consumer loans more than 120 days past due for closed end loans and over 180 days for open-end consumer loans. The following table presents the balances of consumer loans by classes of the loan portfolio based on payment performance as of December 31, 2023 in accordance with ASC 326 (in thousands): Revolving Revolving Term Loans Amortized Costs Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans Amortized Converted 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Consumer Payment Performance Performing $ 3,251 $ 1,085 $ 351 $ 176 $ 31 $ 3 $ 1,482 $ — $ 6,379 Nonperforming — 13 — — — — — — 13 Total $ 3,251 $ 1,098 $ 351 $ 176 $ 31 $ 3 $ 1,482 $ — $ 6,392 Consumer Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 40 $ 17 $ 1 $ 1 $ 6 $ — $ — $ 65 Home equity Payment Performance Performing $ 7,086 $ 18,476 $ 1,049 $ 564 $ 529 $ 1,847 $ 76,076 1,399 $ 107,026 Nonperforming — — — — — — 150 — 150 Total $ 7,086 $ 18,476 $ 1,049 $ 564 $ 529 $ 1,847 $ 76,226 $ 1,399 $ 107,176 Home equity Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential Real Estate Payment Performance Performing $ 123,368 $ 148,835 $ 105,283 $ 43,961 $ 31,514 $ 44,236 $ — $ — $ 497,197 Nonperforming — — 356 — — — — — 356 Total $ 123,368 $ 148,835 $ 105,639 $ 43,961 $ 31,514 $ 44,236 $ — $ — $ 497,553 Residential Real Estate Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total Payment Performance Performing $ 133,705 $ 168,396 $ 106,683 $ 44,701 $ 32,074 $ 46,086 $ 77,558 $ 1,399 $ 610,602 Nonperforming — 13 356 — — — 150 — 519 Total (a) $ 133,705 $ 168,409 $ 107,039 $ 44,701 $ 32,074 $ 46,086 $ 77,708 $ 1,399 $ 611,121 (a) Refer to Note A, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents the balances of consumer loans by classes of the loan portfolio based on payment performance as of December 31, 2022 in accordance with ASC 310 (in thousands): CONSUMER CREDIT EXPOSURE CREDIT RISK PROFILE BY PAYMENT PERFORMANCE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) 1-4 Family Home Equity December 31, 2022 Residential Home Equity Lines of Mortgages Loans Credit Consumer Total Payment performance: $ $ $ $ $ Performing 409,854 11,598 98,349 5,739 525,540 Non-performing 447 339 — 30 816 Total 410,301 11,937 98,349 5,769 526,356 Age Analysis of Past Due Loans Receivable The following tables present an age analysis of the Corporation’s past due loans, segregated by loan portfolio class, as of December 31, 2023: December 31, 2023 31-60 61-90 Greater Than Days Days 90 Days Total Total Current Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Loans Agriculture $ 257,372 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 257,372 Business Loans 354,008 130 — 114 244 354,252 Consumer 6,361 15 3 13 31 6,392 Home Equity 106,787 170 69 150 389 107,176 Non-Owner Occupied CRE 135,117 — — — — 135,117 Residential Real Estate 495,952 1,245 — 356 1,601 497,553 Total (a) $ 1,355,597 $ 1,560 $ 72 $ 633 $ 2,265 $ 1,357,862 (a) Refer to Note A, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past-due status as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Loans Greater Receivable > 30-59 Days 60-89 Days than 90 Total Past Total Loans 90 Days and Past Due Past Due Days Due Current Receivable Accruing $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages — — 554 554 210,269 210,823 — Agriculture mortgages — — 2,787 2,787 218,380 221,167 — Construction — — — — 86,793 86,793 — Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 905 — 447 1,352 408,949 410,301 139 Home equity loans 17 — 339 356 11,581 11,937 — Home equity lines of credit 165 16 — 181 98,168 98,349 — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — 190 190 87,338 87,528 — Tax-free loans — — — — 28,664 28,664 — Agriculture loans — — — — 27,122 27,122 — Consumer 9 5 30 44 5,725 5,769 30 Total 1,096 21 4,347 5,464 1,182,989 1,188,453 169 Nonperforming Loans The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing interest as of December 31, 2023, (in thousands): Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Loans Past with no with Total Due Over 90 Days Total ACL ACL Nonaccrual Still Accruing Nonperforming Agriculture $ 941 $ — $ 941 $ — $ 941 Business Loans 1,817 — 1,817 — 1,817 Consumer Loans — — — 13 13 Home Equity — — — 150 150 Non-Owner Occupied CRE — — — — — Residential Real Estate — — — 356 356 Total (a) $ 2,758 $ — $ 2,758 $ 519 $ 3,277 (a) Refer to Note A, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The following table presents nonaccrual loans by classes of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands): NON-ACCRUAL LOANS BY LOAN CLASS 2022 $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 554 Agriculture mortgages 2,787 Construction — Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 308 Home equity loans 339 Home equity lines of credit — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 190 Tax-free loans — Agriculture loans — Consumer — Total 4,178 As of December 31, 2022, all of the Corporation’s commercial loans on nonaccrual status were also considered impaired. The following table presents, by class of loans, the collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans and type of collateral as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands). Real Estate Other None Total Agriculture $ 941 $ — $ — $ 941 Business Loans 1,817 — — 1,817 Consumer Loans — — — — Home Equity — — — — Non-Owner Occupied — — — — Residential Real Estate — — — — Total $ 2,758 $ — $ — $ 2,758 Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Corporation may grant a modification to borrowers in financial distress by providing a temporary reduction in interest rate, or an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date. Loan modifications are intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. The Corporation identifies loans for potential restructure primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower's financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns, and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. There were no modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2023. There were no payment defaults for loans granted modifications due to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty within twelve months of the modification date, during the year ended December 31, 2023. As described in Note 1, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023, which eliminated the recognition and measurement of troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). There was one TDR as of December 31, 2022 with a balance of $442,000.00. The following table summarizes information in regards to impaired loans by loan portfolio class as of December 31, 2022: IMPAIRED LOAN ANALYSIS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest $ $ $ $ $ With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 1,201 1,271 — 779 — Agriculture mortgages 3,229 3,348 — 3,350 24 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 4,430 4,619 — 4,129 24 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 190 199 — 160 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 190 199 — 160 — Total with no related allowance 4,620 4,818 — 4,289 24 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages — — — — — Agriculture mortgages — — — — — Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate — — — — — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial — — — — — Total with a related allowance — — — — — Total by loan class: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 1,201 1,271 — 779 — Agriculture mortgages 3,229 3,348 — 3,350 24 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 4,430 4,619 — 4,129 24 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 190 199 — 160 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 190 199 — 160 — Total 4,620 4,818 — 4,289 24 The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2023: Impact of Beginning adopting Provisions Ending Balance ASC 326 Charge-offs Recoveries (Reductions) Balance Allowance for credit losses: Commercial Real Estate $ 6,074 $ (6,074 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer Real Estate 5,442 (5,442 ) — — — — Commercial & Industrial 2,151 (2,151 ) — — — — Agriculture — 3,537 — 71 (502 ) 3,106 Business Loans — 3,382 — 11 (709 ) 2,684 Consumer Loans 67 183 (64 ) 4 165 355 Home Equity — 2,129 — — 212 2,341 Non-Owner Occupied CRE — 875 — — (57 ) 818 Residential Real Estate — 4,658 — 8 1,206 5,872 Unallocated 417 (417 ) — — — — Total (a) $ 14,151 $ 680 $ (64 ) $ 94 $ 315 $ 15,176 (a) Refer to Note A, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. During the year ended December 31, 2023, management charged off $64,000 in loans while recovering $94,000 and added $315,000 to the provision for credit losses related to loans and added $205,000 to the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure for a combined provision of $520,000. The ACL is maintained at a level determined to be adequate to absorb estimated expected credit losses within the loan portfolio over the contractual life of an instrument that considers historical loss experience, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions as of the balance sheet date. The Corporation develops and documents a systematic ACL methodology based on the following portfolio segments: Agriculture, Business Loans, Consumer Loans, Home Equity, Non-Owner Occupied CRE, and Residential Real Estate. The following are key risks within each portfolio segment: Agriculture – Business Loans Consumer - Home Equity– Non-Owner Occupied CRE - Residential Real Estate The December 31, 2023 ending balance of the allowance for credit losses related to loans was up $1,025,000, or 7.2%, from December 31, 2022, and the allowance as a percentage of total loans was 1.12% as of December 31, 2023, and 1.19% as of December 31, 2022. The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2022: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Commercial Commercial Consumer and Real Estate Real Estate Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance 6,263 3,834 2,112 87 635 12,931 Charge-offs (84 ) — (44 ) (19 ) — (147 ) Recoveries 10 10 42 5 — 67 Provision (credit) (115 ) 1,598 41 (6 ) (218 ) 1,300 Ending balance 6,074 5,442 2,151 67 417 14,151 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment — — — — — — Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 6,074 5,442 2,151 67 417 14,151 Loans receivable: Ending balance 518,783 520,587 143,314 5,769 1,188,453 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 4,430 — 190 — 4,620 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 514,353 520,587 143,124 5,769 1,183,833 During the year ended December 31, 2022, management charged off $147,000 in loans while recovering $67,000 and added $1,300,000 to the provision. The unallocated portion of the allowance was 2.9% of total reserves as of December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, net provision expense was recorded for Consumer Real Estate and Commercial and Industrial but a credit provision was recorded for Commercial Real Estate and Consumer. The provision expense was primarily related to growth in those sectors of the loan portfolio through December 31, 2022, while the credit provision was primarily related to declining qualitative factors in several areas. |