UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
| | |
(Mark One) | | |
o | | Registration statement pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
or |
ý | | Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012. |
or |
o | | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from to |
o | | Shell company report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
Commission file number 001-34990
Bona Film Group Limited
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
11/F, Guan Hu Garden 3
105 Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chaoyang District
Beijing 100025, People's Republic of China
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Mr. Dong Yu
Chief Executive Officer
Tel:(86 10) 5928 3663
11/F, Guan Hu Garden 3
105 Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chaoyang District
Beijing 100025, People's Republic of China
Email: ir@bonafilm.cn
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| | |
Title of Each Class | | Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered |
---|
American Depositary Shares, each two representing one Ordinary Shares | | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC |
Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.0005 per share* | | (The NASDAQ Select Global Market) |
| | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC |
| | (The NASDAQ Select Global Market) |
- *
- Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares representing such Ordinary Shares pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the Issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
30,402,346 Ordinary Shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No ý
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yeso No ý
Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| | | | | |
| Large accelerated filer o | | Accelerated filer ý | | Non-accelerated filer o |
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing: U.S. GAAP ý
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board o Other o
If "Other" has been checked in responses to the previous question, indicate check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17o Item 18 o
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes o No ý
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes o No o
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
FORM 20-F ANNUAL REPORT
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Conventions That Apply To This Annual Report on Form 20-F
Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this annual report on Form 20-F only:
- •
- "ADSs" refers to our American depositary shares, each two of which represent one ordinary share, and "ADRs" refers to the American depositary receipts that may evidence our ADSs;
- •
- "affiliated consolidated entities" refers to Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd., Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) (formerly known as Beijing Bona Film and Culture Communications Co., Ltd.) and Beijing Bona Advertising Co., Ltd., each of which are companies organized under PRC law. Substantially all of our operations in China are conducted by our affiliated consolidated entities or their subsidiaries, in which we do not own any equity interest, through our contractual arrangements. We treat the affiliated consolidated entities as variable interest entities and have consolidated their financial results in our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP;
- •
- "Bona New World" refers to Beijing Bona New World Media Technology Co., Ltd., our PRC subsidiary;
- •
- "China" or "PRC" refers to the People's Republic of China, excluding, for the purposes of this annual report on Form 20-F only, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau;
- •
- "Matrix Partners China Funds" refers to Matrix Partners China I L.P., and Matrix Partners China I-A L.P., collectively;
- •
- "our films" refers to films (i) for which we have acquired distribution rights, whether as the principal distributor or as a participating distributor, (ii) in which we own all or a portion of the copyright, or (iii) of which we have the right to receive a share of the net revenue;
- •
- "preferred shares" refers to our Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares;
- •
- "RMB" or "Renminbi" refers to the legal currency of China; "$," "dollars," "US$" and "U.S. dollars" refer to the legal currency of the United States;
- •
- "Series A preferred shares" refers to our Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares, par value US$0.0005 per share;
- •
- "Series B-1 preferred shares" refers to our Series B-1 convertible redeemable preferred shares, par value US$0.0005 per share; "Series B-2 preferred shares" refers to our Series B-2 convertible redeemable preferred shares, par value US$0.0005 per share; "Series B-3 preferred shares" refers to our Series B-3 convertible redeemable preferred shares, par value US$0.0005 per share; and "Series B preferred shares" refers to our Series B-1 preferred shares, Series B-2 preferred shares and Series B-3 preferred shares;
- •
- "Sequoia Funds" refers to Sequoia Capital China I, L.P., Sequoia Capital China Partners Fund I, L.P. and Sequoia Capital China Principals Fund I, L.P., collectively;
- •
- "shares" or "ordinary shares" refers to our ordinary shares, par value US$0.0005 per share; and
- •
- "we," "us," "our company" and "our" refer to Bona Film Group Limited, a Cayman Islands company, and its predecessor entities and subsidiaries, and, unless the context otherwise requires, our affiliated consolidated entities in China.
This annual report on Form 20-F contains statistical data that we obtained from various government and private publications. We have not independently verified the data in these reports. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. If any one or more of the assumptions underlying the statistical data turns out to be incorrect, actual results
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may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. In particular, this annual report on Form 20-F contains statistical data provided to us by EntGroup International Consulting (Beijing) Co. Ltd., or EntGroup, a PRC consulting and market research firm specializing in the film and entertainment industry, for a fee that is more than nominal. This annual report on Form 20-F includes our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 and as of December 31, 2011 and 2012.
Our ADSs are listed on the NASDAQ Select Global Market, or NASDAQ, under the symbol "BONA."
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PART I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable.
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
Item 3. Key Information
The selected financial data shown below should be read in conjunction with "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects," and the financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F. The selected statement of income data for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 and the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 have been derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F. The selected statement of income data for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009 and the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 have been derived from our audited financial statements not included in this annual report on Form 20-F.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues | | | 23,396,442 | | | 38,372,551 | | | 52,819,786 | | | 126,161,270 | | | 142,282,919 | |
Cost of revenues | | | 12,706,866 | | | 19,888,461 | | | 26,501,853 | | | 66,458,217 | | | 86,085,046 | |
Operating expenses | | | 6,979,288 | | | 12,922,235 | | | 17,215,013 | | | 47,198,859 | | | 60,819,133 | |
Government subsidies | | | — | | | — | | | 88,147 | | | 220,559 | | | 3,866,700 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 3,710,288 | | | 5,561,855 | | | 9,191,067 | | | 12,724,753 | | | (754,560 | ) |
Other income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Changes in fair value of warrants | | | (306,050 | ) | | 119,451 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Changes in fair value of derivatives | | | (1,994,000 | ) | | 90,000 | | | (14,528,000 | ) | | — | | | — | |
Other | | | 308,238 | | | (145,767 | ) | | 1,193,672 | | | 2,318,103 | | | 502,942 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss)(1) | | | 440,955 | | | 5,459,665 | | | (4,223,060 | ) | | 14,572,376 | | | (1,568,382 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interests | | | 199,225 | | | (168,429 | ) | | (131,686 | ) | | 140,295 | | | (284,500 | ) |
Deemed dividend on Series A and Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares | | | 873,652 | | | 1,394,985 | | | 2,150,146 | | | — | | | — | |
Undistributed earnings allocated to holders of participating Series A and Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares | | | — | | | 1,947,831 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income attributable to holders of ordinary shares of Bona Film Group Limited | | | (631,922 | ) | | 2,285,278 | | | (6,241,520 | ) | | 14,432,081 | | | (1,283,882 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income per ordinary share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | (0.07 | ) | | 0.27 | | | (0.49 | ) | | 0.49 | | | (0.04 | ) |
Diluted | | | (0.07 | ) | | 0.27 | | | (0.49 | ) | | 0.48 | | | (0.04 | ) |
Shares used in computation of net income per ordinary share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 9,051,563 | | | 8,453,842 | | | 12,758,575 | | | 29,353,936 | | | 29,514,979 | |
Diluted | | | 9,051,563 | | | 8,518,402 | | | 12,758,575 | | | 29,844,462 | | | 29,514,979 | |
- (1)
- As a supplement to net income, we use a non-GAAP financial measure of net income that is adjusted from results based on U.S. GAAP to exclude share-based compensation, changes in fair value of warrants and changes in fair value of derivatives and adjusted EBITDA, non GAAP further excludes interest, taxes and
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non-cash depreciation and amortization charges. This non-GAAP financial measure is provided as additional information to help our investors compare business trends among different reporting periods on a consistent basis and to enhance investors' overall understanding of our current financial performance and prospects for the future. This non-GAAP financial measure should be considered in addition to results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, but should not be considered a substitute for or superior to U.S. GAAP results. In addition, our definition of non-GAAP net income may be different from the definitions used by other companies, and therefore comparability may be limited.
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of our non-GAAP net income to our U.S. GAAP net income.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Net income (loss) | | | 440,955 | | | 5,459,665 | | | (4,223,060 | ) | | 14,572,376 | | | (1,568,382 | ) |
Adjustment for share-based compensation | | | — | | | 132,902 | | | 447,345 | | | 3,647,144 | | | 4,803,163 | |
Adjustment for changes in fair value of warrants | | | 306,050 | | | (119,451 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Adjustment for changes in fair value of derivatives | | | 1,994,000 | | | (90,000 | ) | | 14,528,000 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) | | | 2,741,005 | | | 5,383,116 | | | 10,752,285 | | | 18,219,520 | | | 3,234,781 | |
Adjustment for interest | | | (37,226 | ) | | 25,298 | | | (463,314 | ) | | 200,022 | | | 152,896 | |
Adjustment for taxes | | | 1,071,610 | | | 338,647 | | | 91,053 | | | 473,542 | | | 1,322,368 | |
Adjustment for depreciation & amortization | | | 172,700 | | | 143,001 | | | 1,074,059 | | | 2,711,958 | | | 4,370,679 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) | | | 3,948,089 | | | 5,890,062 | | | 11,454,083 | | | 21,605,042 | | | 9,080,724 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, | |
---|
| | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash | | | 4,771,897 | | | 7,418,213 | | | 84,247,984 | | | 20,107,349 | | | 23,227,922 | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts | | | 4,673,515 | | | 19,491,100 | | | 15,225,792 | | | 41,642,787 | | | 40,307,672 | |
Total current assets | | | 13,567,290 | | | 33,940,357 | | | 118,052,862 | | | 100,616,945 | | | 93,271,124 | |
Distribution rights | | | 3,847,906 | | | 5,550,394 | | | 2,265,601 | | | 3,663,966 | | | 11,406,692 | |
Production costs | | | 3,785,691 | | | 19,528,560 | | | 64,815,878 | | | 69,844,822 | | | 90,345,409 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | | 24,923,695 | | | 67,028,414 | | | 231,216,536 | | | 273,751,929 | | | 316,565,660 | |
Accounts payable | | | 4,237,192 | | | 8,902,182 | | | 9,533,672 | | | 27,807,118 | | | 35,257,660 | |
Current bank borrowings | | | — | | | 6,590,317 | | | 22,012,560 | | | 12,561,806 | | | 12,542,161 | |
Other borrowings | | | — | | | 6,089,373 | | | 1,445,150 | | | 1,831,658 | | | 8,671,050 | |
Current film participation financing liabilities | | | 351,154 | | | 8,337,483 | | | 10,209,351 | | | 16,224,219 | | | 15,086,892 | |
Non-current film participation financing liabilities | | | 994,938 | | | 1,562,304 | | | 6,306,818 | | | — | | | — | |
Derivatives | | | 2,692,000 | | | 2,903,000 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Non-current bank borrowings | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 18,025,553 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 15,681,869 | | | 46,859,438 | | | 71,144,370 | | | 90,957,784 | | | 126,920,070 | |
Net assets | | | 9,241,826 | | | 20,168,976 | | | 160,072,166 | | | 182,794,145 | | | 189,645,590 | |
Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares | | | 8,434,379 | | | 9,727,866 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares | | | — | | | 9,074,270 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity | | | 807,447 | | | 1,366,840 | | | 160,072,166 | | | 182,794,145 | | | 189,645,590 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Currency Translation and Exchange Rates
We have translated certain Renminbi, or RMB, amounts included in this annual report on Form 20-F into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the readers. The rate we used for the translations was RMB 6.2301 = US$ 1.00, which was the noon buying rate as certified for customs purposes by the
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Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 31, 2012 (the last day of 2012 for which exchange rate data was available). The translation does not mean that RMB could actually be converted into U.S. dollars at that rate. The following table shows the noon buying rates for RMB expressed in RMB per US$1.00.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Renminbi per U.S. Exchange Rate | |
---|
| | Average | | Low | | High | | Period-end | |
---|
2008 | | | 6.9193 | | | 6.7800 | | | 7.2946 | | | 6.8225 | |
2009 | | | 6.8295 | | | 6.8176 | | | 6.8470 | | | 6.8259 | |
2010 | | | 6.7603 | | | 6.6000 | | | 6.8330 | | | 6.6000 | |
2011 | | | 6.4630 | | | 6.2939 | | | 6.6364 | | | 6.2939 | |
2012 | | | 6.3088 | | | 6.2221 | | | 6.3879 | | | 6.2301 | |
October | | | 6.2627 | | | 6.2372 | | | 6.2877 | | | 6.2372 | |
November | | | 6.2338 | | | 6.2221 | | | 6.2454 | | | 6.2265 | |
December | | | 6.2328 | | | 6.2251 | | | 6.2502 | | | 6.2301 | |
2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
January | | | 6.2215 | | | 6.2134 | | | 6.2303 | | | 6.2186 | |
February | | | 6.2323 | | | 6.2213 | | | 6.2438 | | | 6.2213 | |
March | | | 6.2154 | | | 6.2105 | | | 6.2246 | | | 6.2108 | |
April (through April 19, 2013) | | | 6.1927 | | | 6.1720 | | | 6.2078 | | | 6.1772 | |
- (1)
- Source: The source of the exchange rate is: (i) with respect to any period ending on or prior to December 31, 2008, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and (ii) with respect to any period ending on or after January 1, 2009, the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board.
- (2)
- Annual averages are calculated from month-end rates. Monthly averages are calculated using the average of the daily rates during the relevant period.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Our business and operations are subject to various risks, many of which are beyond our control. If any of the risks described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be seriously harmed.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
Our success is largely dependent on a limited number of film releases each year and factors in the film industry that are difficult to predict, and accordingly our results of operations may vary widely from period to period.
Our top five films for 2010, 2011 and 2012 accounted for 53.5%, 58.3% and 37.4% of our net revenue in each of those respective years. We generally distribute between 16 and 20 films theatrically each year on average. Because we distribute a limited number of films, the success or failure of a small
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number of these films could have a significant impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations in both the year of release and in the future.
In general, the economic success of a film is largely determined by the appeal of the film to a broad audience and by the effectiveness of the marketing of the film. We cannot precisely predict the economic success of any of the films we distribute or invest in because a film's acceptance by the public cannot be predicted with certainty. If we do not accurately judge audience acceptance in selecting the films for which we acquire the distribution rights or in which we invest, or if we do not market the film effectively, we may not recoup our costs or realize our anticipated profits. In addition, the economic success of a film depends upon the public's acceptance of competing films, the availability of alternative forms of entertainment and leisure-time activities, general economic conditions and other tangible and intangible factors, all of which can change and none of which can be predicted with certainty. Accordingly, our net revenue and other results of operations may fluctuate significantly from period to period, and the results of any one period may not be indicative of the results for any future periods.
Due to the risks inherent in producing and distributing films, we may be unable to recoup advances paid for or investments in films.
Our most significant costs and cash expenditures relate to acquiring film distribution rights and investing in films for which we also secure distribution rights. Many of our agreements to acquire distribution rights require up-front payments. We determine the amount of the payments or investment we are willing to make based on our estimate of the economic success of the film. Although these estimates are based on our knowledge of industry trends, market conditions and the market potential of the film, actual results may ultimately differ from our estimates.
The production and distribution of films are subject to a number of uncertainties, including delays and increased expenditures due to creative differences among key cast members and other key creative personnel or other disruptions or events beyond our control. Risks such as illness, disability or death of star performers, technical complications with special effects or other aspects of production, shortages of necessary equipment, damage to film negatives, master tapes and recordings or adverse weather conditions may cause cost overruns and delay or frustrate completion of a production. In China, directors tend to hold substantial control over the production of films, and this may aggravate our ability to control the production schedule and budget. In addition, when we co-invest in a film, we generally have less control over the investment and production processes, than when we are lead investor in a film.
If a film production in which we have invested incurs substantial budget overruns, we may be required to seek additional financing from outside sources to complete production. Such financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, and failure to complete a film due to the lack of such financing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may not be able to recoup our investment as a result of increased costs from budget overruns. Increased costs may also delay the release of a film to a less favorable time, which could hurt its box office performance and thus our revenue from the distribution of the film and its overall financial success.
If a film fails to perform to our original estimates or expectations, we may (i) fail to realize the expected economic return from a film, (ii) fail to recoup advances we paid or investments we made or (iii) record accelerated amortization and/or fair value write downs of capitalized film production costs or distribution rights. Any of these events may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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The production and distribution of films are capital-intensive processes, and our capacity to generate cash or obtain financing on favorable terms may be insufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements.
The costs to develop, produce and distribute a film are substantial. In 2010, 2011 and 2012, for example, our cost of revenue (excluding the movie theater segment) amounted to US$21.5 million, US$57.3 million and US$69.1 million, respectively, accounting for 51.7%, 57.2% and 68.7% of our net revenue (excluding the movie theater segment), respectively. We are required to fund our costs for film-related activities and other commitments with cash retained from operations, including the proceeds of films that generate revenue from theatrical and non-theatrical channels, as well as from bank and other borrowing and participation by other investors. If our films fail to perform, we may be forced to seek substantial sources of outside financing. Such financing may not be available in sufficient amounts for us to continue to make substantial investments in the production of new films or may be available only on terms that are disadvantageous to us, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our growth or our business.
We believe that as a common industry practice, film producers often agree to pledge their interests in the copyrights in a film as collateral for loans to finance the production of that film. We have agreed, and may in the future agree, to use our interests in film copyrights to secure loans for productions of films. If we are unable to repay such loans, the lenders may foreclose on the collateral securing such loans and take possession of the pledged copyright, which in turn could adversely affect our ability to distribute the corresponding films.
Moreover, the costs of producing and distributing films have increased in recent years and may further increase in the future, which may make it more difficult for a film we distribute or have invested in to generate a profit or compete against other films. For example, compensation for star performers and other key creative personnel has increased recently. As a result, we may need to rely on revenue from television and digital distribution or continue to expand internationally or into other distribution channels such as home video products in order for a film to be profitable to us, and there can be no assurance that revenue from such sources would be sufficient to offset increases in the cost of film production and distribution or that any such expansion would be successful.
We depend substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and key personnel, and our business and prospects may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our future success depends on the continued services of the key members of our management team, in particular, the continued service of Mr. Dong Yu, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Jeffrey Chan, our director and chief operating officer, Mr. Hao Zhang, the general manager of our domestic distribution business, and Ms. Amy Xu, our chief financial officer. Our consultant and former director, Nanshun Shi, also provides valuable service to us, including as an advisor to our strategy committee. Our film distribution and film investment and production businesses are highly reliant on the personal instincts, tastes and market experiences of Mr. Dong Yu, Mr. Jeffrey Chan and Mr. Hao Zhang, and the loss of any one of these individual may have a material negative effect on our business.
In addition, our ability to attract and retain other key personnel is a critical aspect of our competitiveness. We face competition for personnel from other film distribution and production companies and other organizations. Competition for these individuals could require us to offer higher compensation and other benefits in order to attract and retain them, which would increase our operating expenses and, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may be unable to attract or retain the personnel required to achieve our business objectives, and failure to do so could severely disrupt our business and prospects. In addition, as we expect to continue to expand our operations and expand the scope of our services, we will need
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to continue attracting and retaining experienced management in the relevant businesses. Our business requires specialized skills and the Chinese market has a limited supply of persons qualified for such positions. Therefore, the process of hiring suitable qualified personnel is often lengthy. If our recruitment and retention efforts are unsuccessful in the future, it may be more difficult for us to execute our business strategy. In addition, the loss of any of our key employees could adversely affect our services as well as our marketing efforts or adversely impact the perception of us by our clients, media and investors. Our business may also be severely disrupted as our senior executives may have to divert their attention to recruiting replacements for key personnel.
We do not maintain key-person insurance for members of our management team. If we lose the services of any senior management, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new personnel, which could severely disrupt our business and prospects. Further, if any of our executive officers joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose a significant number of our clients, which would have an adverse effect on our business and revenue. Although certain of our executive officers, including Mr. Dong Yu, have entered into a confidentiality and non-competition agreement with us regarding their employment, disputes may arise between our executive officers and us, and, in light of uncertainties associated with the PRC legal system, these agreements may not be enforced in accordance with their terms.
Accounting practices used in our industry may aggravate fluctuations in operating results that result from the cyclical nature of the film industry.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP and as is standard for our industry, we amortize film costs using the "individual-film-forecast" method. Under this accounting method, we amortize film costs for each film based on the following ratio:
Revenue earned by title in the current period
Estimated total future revenue that will be earned by title
We regularly review our revenue estimates on a title-by-title basis and revise them when necessary. Our review generally takes into account estimated future revenue from international distribution, non-theatrical channels and other potential revenue that a film may generate. Any reviews subsequent to the initial review may result in a change in the rate of amortization and/or a write-down of the film asset to its estimated fair value. Results of operations in future years depend upon our amortization of our film costs. Periodic adjustments in amortization rates may significantly affect these results. In 2012, we decreased the estimate of the ultimate overseas revenue expected to be realized from certain films and television series based on their levels of economic performance and public acceptance, and as a result incurred additional amortization of US$3.8 million. In addition, we are required to expense film advertising costs as incurred. Any fluctuations we experience in our operating results as a result of these accounting practices could also cause corresponding fluctuations in the trading price of our ADSs and negatively affect the value of your investment in our ADSs.
Failure to manage the expansion of our operations could strain our management and personnel, operational, technological and other resources, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.
We have experienced substantial growth since our inception. We increased our net revenue from US$23.4 million in 2008 to US$142.3 million in 2012, and we intend to continue to expand our operations. This expansion has placed, and will continue to place, substantial demands on our managerial, operational, technological and other resources. In particular, the management of our growth will require, among other things:
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- our ability to develop and improve our existing administrative and operational systems;
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- stringent cost controls and sufficient working capital;
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- strengthening of our financial and management controls; and
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- hiring, training and retaining key personnel.
As we execute our growth strategy, we may incur substantial costs and expend substantial resources. We may not be able to manage our current or future operations effectively and efficiently or compete effectively in new markets that we may enter. If we are not able to manage our growth successfully, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
We may encounter difficulties as we continue to expand our movie theater network in existing and new markets.
We began operating our movie theater business in 2010 following our acquisition of Beijing Bona International Cineplex Investment & Management Co., Ltd., or Beijing Bona Cineplex, and Beijing Bona Youtang Cineplex Management Co., Ltd., or Beijing Bona Youtang. We further expanded our movie theater business by acquiring a 100% equity interest in Beijing Bona Starlight Cineplex Management Co., Ltd., or Bona Starlight, an affiliated company of our company focused primarily on the operation of movie cinemas in China, in July 2011 and by developing new theaters. The number of movie theaters we operate grew from six as of December 31, 2010 to 20 as of December 31, 2012. Our movie theater business generated revenue of US$11.3 million, US$26.0 million and US$41.7 million in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, accounting for 21.5%, 20.6% and 29.3% of our net revenues in the same respective periods, and generated segment profit of US$6.0 million, US$14.6 million and US$23.6 million in the same respective periods. We intend to increase the number of movie theaters we operate to approximately 30 to 40 by the end of 2014, primarily by developing new theaters. We may also consider acquiring movie theater businesses.
We may not be able to realize the intended benefits from our development and acquisitions of new theaters, or otherwise successfully operate our movie theaters as a result of numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include, among other things:
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- increasingly intense competition in the movie theater industry in China due to low barriers to entry, including, among others, competition with property developers who have opened their own movie theaters in their properties in prime urban locations and other players in the real estate markets in China;
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- our ability to make a proper selection of films, set screening schedules that will generate optimal box office revenue, maintain competitive pricing and implement a successful marketing strategy to attract moviegoers;
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- increased competition from non-theatrical distribution channels;
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- diversion of financial or management resources from our other business;
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- demands of audiences for facilities and features that enhance the movie-going experience; and
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- our ability to control costs and expenses, including, among others, rent expenses for our movie theaters.
We face particular challenges when we open movie theaters in new areas, including unfamiliarity with new local markets, inability to precisely determine market potential in new areas, market barriers such as strong local competitors that have prime locations and local know-how, difficulties in finding suitable locations, difficulties in hiring, motivating, training and retaining qualified employees and
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higher operating costs. Moreover, developing new theaters requires a significant amount of time and resources and poses a number of risks. We develop new theaters by renting a piece of property (for example, in a shopping mall) and then refurbishing and installing movie theater equipment in the property. Developing new theaters may result in delays, cost overruns and unanticipated expenses related to zoning, tax and other government requirements for construction. We may also encounter difficulties in managing the refurbishment and installation process, including managing subcontractors who we hire to do this work. Since we generally begin to recognize refurbishment expenses for a new movie theater before the revenues generated from such movie theater begin to ramp up, expansion of our movie theater business may cause our results of operation to experience a certain degree of fluctuation.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully expand and operate our movie theater business. If we acquire movie theater business in the future, we may not be able to successfully integrate such newly acquired business with our operations. If our movie theater business is not successful or does not produce its intended benefits, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
The expansion and operation of our movie theater business is capital-intensive and if the development of our movie theater business is not successful, our cash flow may be negatively affected.
The acquisition, refurbishment and construction of movie theaters, as well as the rental expenses for our movie theaters, has increased our cash requirements in 2010, 2011 and 2012, and our plan to continue to expand our movie theater business will continue to increase our cash requirements going forward. In addition to the increasing scale of our movie theater business, a number of other factors could cause acquisition, refurbishment or rental expenses to increase in the future. For example, rental expenses related to our movie theater business may increase due to increased competition in the movie theater industry and greater saturation in the relevant real estate markets. In addition, our movie theater refurbishment expenses may increase as Chinese audiences increasingly demand state-of-the-art audio-visual effects and inflation or other market factors could cause rental rates to increase. We intend to continue to finance our movie theater business, in part, with bank loans. However, it may be difficult for us to obtain bank loans to finance our movie theaters because banks may not accept leased property as mortgage for loans. Due to the capital intensive nature of the movie theater business, if the expansion of our movie theater business is not successful, our cash flow may be negatively affected. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Movie theaters in China are subject to a range of regulatory requirements, including regulations relating to advertising, hygiene and food licensing. Some of our movie theaters sell unpackaged foods without the requisite permits to do so. The failure of our movie theaters to comply with applicable regulations may subject us to fines and penalties, including the suspension of our movie theater operations.
Operation of movie theaters subjects us to additional regulatory requirements, including complying with pre-screening film advertising regulations and obtaining and maintaining licenses to exhibit movies and sell concessions.
Each movie theater is required to obtain a public facility hygiene permit. Movie theaters selling food or beverages to their audiences must also obtain certain food hygiene permits and comply with hygiene and food safety-related requirements. Pursuant to the Food Safety Law of the PRC, which took effect from June 1, 2009, sale of food or beverages requires a Food Distribution Permit issued by the relevant administration for industry and commerce, and catering services require a Catering Service Permit issued by the relevant food and drug administration authorities. Some of our movie theaters sell both packaged and unpackaged foods while they have obtained a permit to sell only packaged foods.
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Failure to obtain a public facility hygiene permit may result in fines of up to RMB3,000. Failure to obtain food hygiene permits may result in penalties, including confiscation of food, income and equipment, and fines of five to ten times the value of the food sold if the value exceeds RMB10,000 or fines from RMB2,000 to RMB50,000 if the value of the food sold is below RMB10,000.
In addition, while all of our movie theaters maintain the film exhibition licenses required for exhibiting films, they have not obtained the requisite certificates for technical qualification of exhibition equipment required to exhibit digital films. If the lack of certificates is deemed by relevant PRC regulatory authorities to constitute the exhibition of films without the applicable approval, they may impose penalties on us, including confiscation of the relevant films, equipment or income, suspension of operations and fines of five to ten times of the violator's income if such income exceeds RMB50,000 or fines from RMB200,000 to RMB500,000 if such income is below RMB50,000.
If we fail to obtain any of the business permits or licenses required for the operation of our business, we may be ordered to cease the applicable activities, have our income from such activities or tools, equipment, raw materials, products and other property that are used for such activities confiscated and be subject to fines of up to RMB500,000.
Our movie theater business has substantial lease obligations, which could impair our financial condition.
Our movie theater business, which we initially acquired in April 2010, has substantial lease obligations. In 2010, 2011 and 2012, the total rent expense in our movie theater business was approximately US$2.8 million, US$5.7 million and US$10.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, our movie theater business had lease obligations totaling approximately US$51.5 million, US$105.3 million and US$231.7 million, respectively, throughout the terms of the leases which range from 10 to 20 years. Lease obligations as of December 31, 2012 included lease obligations for five new theaters for which we had signed lease contracts and which will begin operations in 2013. As we plan to grow the number of movie theaters we operate significantly in 2013, we expect our rent expenses and lease obligations to increase. If we are unable to meet our lease obligations, we could be forced to restructure our obligations and seek additional funding from other sources, or sell assets. We may be unable to restructure our lease obligations and obtain additional funding or sell assets on satisfactory terms or at all. As a result, inability to meet our lease obligations could cause us to default on those lease obligations. Many of our lease agreements contain restrictive covenants that limit our ability to take specific actions or require us not to allow specific events to occur. Under the lease agreements, our movie theaters have agreed to use the premises for theater-related operations, to maintain the premises in accordance with the provisions of the leases, to comply with regulatory requirements relating to matters such as sanitary standards, fire protection and public security, to pay the lease payments on time and not to sub-lease the premises without the prior consent of the lessor. If our movie theaters were to breach any of these obligations, subject in some cases to a materiality threshold or an opportunity to cure, the lessor could terminate the lease agreement and require our theaters to hand over the leased premises and pay all outstanding expenses and damages. If we violate the restrictive covenants, we would be in default under that lease, which could, in turn, result in defaults under other leases. Any such default could materially impair our financial condition and liquidity. If any of these lease agreements is terminated, our movie theater business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, if our movie theater business does not generate sufficient revenue to service our payment obligations under these leases, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, there may be defects in the titles to some of the properties that our landlords lease to us, as a result of which our rights under the lease agreements may be materially and adversely affected.
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Any non-compliance of our loan agreements could result in significant liquidity problems and have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
As of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, we had outstanding loans from East West Bank, CITIC Bank International Limited, Bank of Beijing and Industrial Commercial Bank of China. For more information about our borrowings, see "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Reserves." Under the East West Loan Agreement, as amended, we agreed to certain financial covenants, including to maintain minimum cash assets of $5.0 million at all times during the effective period of the East West Loan Agreement, as well as to maintain a ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth of no more than 2:1 and a ratio of maximum total funded debt to EBITDA no greater than 3.8:1, or the EBITDA covenant, in each case on a quarterly basis calculated based on average consolidated balance sheet figures of our company for the most recent four quarters in accordance with the definitions set forth in the loan agreement. We also agreed to comply with all terms and conditions of all other agreements between us and any other party, and that our company and its subsidiaries (excluding for this purpose our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries) will not incur or assume indebtedness other than indebtedness to East West Bank and trade debt incurred in the ordinary course of business without East West Bank's prior written consent, among other covenants.
We obtained waivers from East West Bank for non-compliance with the EBITDA covenant as of December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013. This non-compliance resulted from our lower-than-expected financial results as of and for the three months ended December 31, 2012. If we do not comply with the financial or other covenants in the East West loan agreement or otherwise trigger an event of default thereunder and fail to timely remedy a curable event of default, or if we default on any of our other outstanding loans, the relevant lenders would have the right to accelerate the amounts due thereunder and we would be obligated to pay default rates of interest. In addition, our loan agreements with East West Bank, Bank of Beijing and Industrial Commercial Bank of China contain cross-default clauses, which would enable the relevant lenders to accelerate loan payments when certain of our group companies default under other loan agreements. Therefore, if we do not comply with our loan agreements we could experience significant liquidity problems and our business and financial could be materially and adversely affected.
We may not successfully expand into existing or emerging non-theatrical distribution channels.
A substantial portion of net revenue from the films we distribute or have invested in have historically been derived from our share of box office receipts, with only a small portion of our net revenue generated from non-theatrical distribution channels, such as home video products, digital distribution (including Internet) and television. We are continuing to expand our distribution business into non-theatrical distribution channels through strategic collaborations with third parties. Historically, the box office success of a film has been a key factor in predicting revenue from non-theatrical distribution channels. We can make no assurances that the historical correlation between box office success and success of other non-theatrical distribution channels, which can provide a stable, long-term source of revenue, will subsist in the future. In addition, we can make no assurances that the prices for films on non-theatrical distribution channels can be maintained at current levels due to market or other factors. Internet companies have become an increasingly important distribution channel for our company. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain good relationships with major Internet companies in China. The Internet industry is relatively new and evolving and we may not able to successfully navigate its development and competitive environment. We cannot assure you that our expansion into non-theatrical distribution channels will be successful.
Moreover, emerging non-theatrical distribution channels resulting from technological developments may significantly change the film industry in China. Due to shifting consumer tastes, we cannot
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accurately predict the overall effect that emerging distribution channels may have on the potential revenue from and profitability of the films we distribute or invest in. For example, improvements in the quality of home entertainment systems may reduce the demand to see films in the theaters. Moreover, a material reduction in the length of time between the theatrical release of a film and the availability of the film on non-theatrical distribution channels could significantly dilute the consumer appeal of in-theater film offerings. In addition, we may not be able to accurately predict which existing non-theatrical distribution channels consumers will continue to use or which emerging distribution channels will be broadly accepted by the public.
If some non-theatrical distribution channels are broadly accepted by the public, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in exploiting such channels or that such channels will provide commercially feasible business models. Moreover, to the extent that emerging non-theatrical distribution channels gain popular acceptance, it is possible that demand for existing distribution channels, such as DVD and other home video products, Internet and other digital distribution, in-flight entertainment and television, will decrease, which could adversely affect our ability to generate revenue from existing distribution channels. In addition, emerging distribution channels may prove to be less profitable than existing distribution channels. If we are unable to successfully expand into non-theatrical distribution channels or adapt to emerging distribution channels, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Our business depends on our relationships with theater circuits.
Under PRC regulations, we are required to distribute films through theater circuits, which act as intermediaries between film distributors and movie theater operators. Theater circuits negotiate the terms of arrangements for the exhibition of films and provide film prints to movie theater operators. As a result, our film distribution business depends on maintaining relationships with these theater circuits. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain these relationships and that theater circuits will continue to enter into arrangements with us on favorable terms or at all. In addition, any deterioration in our relationships with the theater circuits could require us to enter into arrangements with alternative theater circuits. If alternative theater circuits do not provide us with comparable services at favorable terms or at all, we may not be able to maintain the scale or quality of our film distribution services, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face risks relating to the international distribution of our films and related products.
In 2012, we derived approximately 7.5% of our net revenue from the monetization of our films outside of China. In addition, we entered into an agreement to acquire a strategic equity stake in China Lion Entertainment Limited in November 2011 in order to strengthen our distribution capabilities in the U.S. and Canada. As we expand the distribution of our films overseas, our business will be increasingly subject to risks inherent in international trade, many of which are beyond our control. These risks include:
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- fluctuating foreign exchange rates. For a more detailed discussion of the potential effects of fluctuating foreign exchange rates, please see "Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Foreign Exchange Risk" elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F;
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- laws and policies affecting trade, investment and taxes, including laws and policies relating to the repatriation of funds and withholding taxes and changes in these laws;
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- differing cultural tastes and attitudes, including varied censorship laws;
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- differing degrees of protection for intellectual property;
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- financial instability and increased market concentration of buyers in foreign markets;
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- the instability of foreign economies and governments; and
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- war and acts of terrorism.
Events or developments related to these and other risks associated with international trade could adversely affect our revenue from non-PRC sources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our advertising operations are sensitive to changes in economic conditions and advertising trends.
Demand for advertising on the films we distribute and in movie theaters we operate, and the resulting advertising spending by advertisers, are particularly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions. For example, advertising expenditures typically decrease during periods of economic downturn. Advertisers may reduce their spending to advertise through us for a number of reasons, including:
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- a general decline in economic conditions;
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- a decline in economic conditions in the particular cities where we conduct business;
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- a decision to shift advertising expenditures to other available advertising media; and
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- a decline in advertising spending in general.
A decrease in demand for advertising media in general, and for advertising in the films we distribute in particular, could materially and adversely affect our ability to generate advertising revenue from our films, and could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If advertisers or the viewing public do not accept, or lose interest in, pre-screening or in-film advertising, our revenue may be negatively affected and our business may not expand or be successful.
The market for pre-screening and in-film advertising in China is relatively new and its potential is uncertain. We compete for advertising revenue with many forms of more established advertising media. Our success depends on the acceptance of pre-screening and in-film advertising by advertisers and their continuing interest in this medium as part of their advertising strategies. Our success also depends on the viewing public's continued receptiveness towards our advertising model. Advertisers may elect not to use our services if they believe that viewers are not receptive to our advertising model or that our advertising services do not provide sufficient value as an effective advertising medium. Likewise, if viewers find some element of our advertising model, such as the length of the advertising segments prior to a film or product placement in films, to be disruptive or intrusive, film producers and movie theater operators may not want advertising. As a result, advertisers may reduce their spending on pre-screening or in-film advertising. If a substantial number of advertisers lose interest in these forms of advertising for these or other reasons, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We may not successfully comply with regulations governing the placement of pre-screening advertising.
PRC regulations specifically applicable to pre-screening and in-film advertising are less extensive than those relating to other segments of the advertising industry. Currently, only a few regulations have been issued particularly for pre-screening advertising, including the Circular on Strengthening of Administration of Film Pre-screening Advertising, effective on June 25, 2004, and the Circular on
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Further Regulation of Film Pre-screening Advertising, effective on February 10, 2009. Pursuant to these regulations, consent of the copyright owners of the film is needed for the placement of pre-screening advertisements and film distributors and exhibitors may not delete or replace any pre-screening advertisement without the consent of the copyright owners. There can be no assurance that our advertising clients have always obtained or will always obtain the consent of the copyright owners for the pre-screening advertisements that we have been engaged to place. Our movie theaters, acting as the advertising distributors, may be held jointly liable in the event that our advertising clients fail to obtain such consents.
Our business may suffer reputational injury if we do not effectively manage our selection of products for use in our in-film advertisements. In addition, we may be subject to, and may expend significant resources in defending against, government actions based on the advertising services we provide and advertising content we disseminate.
We engage in the in-film advertising and pre-screening advertising businesses. We generate revenue from in-film advertising by charging advertising commissions for featuring certain third-party products in our movies. If we do not effectively manage our selection of products for our in-film advertisements, our reputation may be harmed. For example, if we feature any products in our films that later turn out to be defective and cause significant harm to the public, the reputation of the film featuring such product and the reputation of our company would suffer injury. Any harm to our films' or our company's reputation would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, PRC advertising laws and regulations require advertisers, advertising operators and advertising distributors, including businesses such as ours, to ensure that the content of the advertisements they prepare or distribute is true to facts, lawful, in compliance with relevant laws and regulations, does not contain any false information or cheat or mislead consumers. Violation of these laws, rules or regulations may result in penalties, including fines of one to five times advertising fees, confiscation of advertising fees, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish advertisements correcting the misleading information. In circumstances involving serious violations, the PRC government may revoke a violator's business license. In circumstances where the interests of consumers are harmed, the advertisers may bear civil liabilities and the advertising operators and advertising distributors may be held jointly liable. In cases of serious violations, criminal liabilities may be prosecuted.
As an operator of an advertising medium, we are obligated under PRC laws, rules and regulations to monitor the advertising content for compliance with applicable laws. In addition, we are required to confirm that the advertisers have obtained requisite government approvals including the advertisers' operating qualifications, proof of quality inspection of the advertised products, and government pre-approval of the advertisement contents relating to certain specific types of products and services, such as pharmaceuticals, medical facilities, agricultural chemical and veterinary chemicals. We endeavor to comply with such requirements, including by requesting relevant documents from the advertisers. We employ, and our affiliated consolidated entities are required by the applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations to employ, qualified advertising inspectors who are trained to review advertising content for compliance with applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations. Our reputation will be tarnished and our results of operations may be adversely affected if pre-screening or in-film advertisements shown are provided to us by our advertisers in violation of relevant PRC content laws and regulations, or if the supporting documentation and government approvals provided to us by our advertising clients in connection with such advertising content are not complete or if the advertisements are not content compliant.
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Our talent agency business is subject to a range of factors, which may lead to fluctuations in revenue from this business and make it difficult to predict the performance of this aspect of our business.
The success of our talent agency business is highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain high-profile movie stars and other artists with high earning potential, the popularity of positive public image of the artist we choose to represent, our ability to successfully procure lucrative contracts and engagements for the artists we represent, and the box office performance of the films and performances in which the artists we represent appear, among other factors. The earnings of the artists we represent may vary significantly from year to year depending on these and other factors. In addition, we may lose the earnings generated by an artist as a result of the artist suffering injury, disease or death, performing in a country outside the scope of our agreed upon representation, or due to other circumstances. Although our agency agreements provide for penalties upon early termination of the contract by the artists we represent, if any such artist terminates his or her contract prior to its agreed upon term, whether to move to another talent agency or for any other reason, we may lose the revenue streams generated by that artist in the future, and the penalty amount we are entitled to may be substantially less than we would have earned were the contract performed in full. As a result, the revenue generated by our talent agency may fluctuate significantly from period to period, and the results of any one period may not be indicative of the results for any future periods.
Our failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.
We are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds (namely a pension contribution plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan) and a housing provident fund and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate our businesses. Employers who fail to report and pay social insurance funds in accordance with the relevant rules may be ordered to rectify the problem and pay the social insurance funds within a stipulated deadline. According to the Interim Regulation on the Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums, if payment of certain social insurance funds is not made by the stipulated deadline, the relevant authority can charge a late fee payment of 0.2% per day from the original due date and fine the responsible persons of the employer up to RMB10,000. If an employer is found to be concealing the actual number of employees or the total amount of salaries from competent social insurance authorities, the employer may be subject to a fine ranging from one to three times of the amount of salaries concealed. According to the Social Insurance Law, which became effective on July 1, 2011, if employers fail to register or pay social insurance in accordance with the relevant rules, they may be ordered to rectify the problem and be subject to a late fee payment of 0.05% per day from the due date; if employers fail to comply with such orders, they may be subject to a fine ranging from one to three times of the unpaid amount. According to relevant PRC laws, for the failure of to register or open housing provident fund accounts for employees, the employer may be required to rectify such breach within certain period and if such breach persists after such period, the employer may be subject to a fine ranging from RMB10,000 to RMB50,000. For the failure of payment of housing provident fund and failure to rectify such breach within certain period prescribed by the relevant authorities, the relevant housing provident fund authorities may apply for a court order requiring employers to make such payment.
Our PRC subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries have not fully paid the contributions for such plans, as required by applicable PRC regulations. As of December 31, 2012, our PRC subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries, excluding those engaged in our movie theater business, owed contributions to social insurance funds and the housing provident
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fund of RMB1.1 million (US$0.2 million). As of December 31, 2012, our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries engaged in our movie theater business owed contributions to social insurance funds and the housing provident fund of RMB2.0 milion (US$0.3 million). These amounts have been accrued as a liability in our consolidated financial statements. In addition, there can be no assurance that our affiliated consolidated entities did not owe additional contributions prior to their acquisition by us in April 2010 and in 2011 respectively.
If, as a result of our failure to make adequate contributions to employee benefit plans, we are required to pay the outstanding social insurance funds and housing provident fund and are subject to fines or other penalties, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects would be adversely affected.
The discontinuation or withdrawal of any of the preferential tax treatments, government subsidies or tax concessions we have enjoyed or currently available to us in the PRC could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Under PRC laws and regulations, we had enjoyed preferential tax benefits afforded to the cultural industry and motion picture enterprises. Pursuant to applicable PRC regulations, cultural enterprises established between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2008 are exempted from enterprise income tax for three years after establishment or for a period from their establishment to December 31, 2010, whichever ends earlier. Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. was established in December 2008 as a cultural enterprise and was exempted from income tax for the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 pursuant to an approval by the relevant tax authority in June 2009. Starting on January 1, 2012, Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. was subject to the standard enterprise income tax rate of 25%. Without our preferential tax holidays and concessions, we would have had to pay additional amounts of approximately US$3.2 million, US$5.1 million and US$0.4 million in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
Each of Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. and Tianjin Bona Film Culture Media Co., Ltd. has obtained a government approval to receive a government subsidy in 2013 based on a certain percentage of its income tax assessed for the taxable year 2012. The amounts and timing of receiving these subsidies, however, are uncertain.
Distribution revenue earned by film distributors from theater exhibitions is exempt from business tax from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2013. Currently, distribution revenue obtained by our affiliated consolidated entities, Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd., is exempt from business tax from 2004 to 2013.
If the PRC government phases out preferential tax benefits, if the rules or policies under which we enjoy preferential tax treatments are abolished or altered, if the tax authorities' interpretation of such rules change or if these approvals by local tax authorities of special concession income taxes rates are challenged by the relevant higher level tax authorities and withdrawn in the future, we could be subject to the standard statutory income tax rate and our effective income tax rate would increase. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to receive government subsidies or when or in what amount we may receive them. Loss of these preferential tax treatments and subsidies could have material and adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face substantial competition in most aspects of our business.
The film industry in China is fragmented and highly competitive. Our competitors include not only privately owned companies, but also state-owned enterprises, which have historically dominated, and have in recent years continued to play a prominent role in, the PRC film industry. Moreover, two state-owned film distributors have the exclusive right to distribute the stipulated number of foreign films, mainly Hollywood blockbusters that may be exhibited in China on a box office sharing basis. Such foreign films which these two state-owned enterprises are exclusively eligible to distribute each year increased substantially from 20 films to 34 films because the PRC government agreed, in February 2012 in connection with a World Trade Organization dispute settlement, to increase the number of foreign premium format films, such as 3-D or IMAX films, that may be imported into China by 14 films per year.
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The number of films distributed by competitors, particularly films from major Chinese and foreign film studios, may create an oversupply of films in the market and make it more difficult for the films we distribute to succeed or to be successfully exhibited in movie theaters at desirable times. Oversupply may become most pronounced during peak release times, such as holidays and the summer release season, when theater attendance is traditionally highest. Although we seek to release our films during peak release times, we may not be able to release all of our films during those times and, therefore, may potentially receive lower gross box-office receipts. In addition, a significant number of the movie theaters in China typically are committed at any one time to only 10 to 15 films distributed nationally, including U.S. and other foreign-produced films. As a result, we must identify and compete for the distribution of the most promising films. If our competitors increase the number of films available for distribution while the number of movie theaters remains unchanged, it could be more difficult for us to release our films during optimal release periods or to obtain the most desirable screen allocations and times. In addition, production or other delays that might cause us to alter our distribution schedule and any such change could adversely impact a film's financial performance. The increased quota of foreign premium films that our state-owned competitors will be able to distribute each year is expected to heighten the competition we face for film distribution, especially given that we may not be able to share in the distribution business for such foreign films.
In film production, we compete primarily with large Chinese movie production companies for access to a limited pool of high quality directors, actors and other production team members. If our competitors are more successful than us in securing high quality production teams for their film productions, the members of these teams may have limited or no availability to work on our movies, and the quality of our production teams and, consequently, the quality of our films, may be negatively affected. Any deterioration in the quality of the films we produce would have a material negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, such competition places upward pressure on the costs for securing directors, actors and other production team members, which may have a negative impact on our gross margin.
Movie theaters operated by national theater circuits, property developers and small independent exhibitors compete with our movie theaters, particularly with respect to attracting patrons and developing new theater sites. Moviegoers are generally not brand conscious and usually choose a theater primarily based on its location, the films showing there, the quality of its facilities and price. If other movie theater operators choose to build and operate theaters in the markets where our movie theaters are located, or secure more prime locations than we do, including by building movie theaters in prime urban real estate that they already own, the performance of our movie theaters in these markets may be significantly and negatively impacted. The foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may face increased competition in the future from foreign films, as a result of changes in PRC regulation or other factors, and we may not be able to compete effectively.
Current PRC laws and regulations limit the number of foreign films that may be imported into China and, at present, only one state-owned film import company has the right to import foreign films into China. In addition, under current PRC regulations, only two state-owned film distributors have the right to distribute foreign films in China. Imported foreign films may involve larger budgets, more recognized stars, more established brands or otherwise have greater access to other resources than domestic PRC films. We do not have the right to distribute foreign films and it may be difficult for our films to compete successfully against foreign films, which may be preferred by our target audiences.
The PRC government agreed, in February 2012 in connection with a World Trade Organization dispute settlement, to increase the number of foreign premium format films, such as 3-D or IMAX
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films, that may be imported into China by 14 films per year. This change may increase the supply of foreign films in the PRC and competition in the PRC film industry.
As China develops economically and politically, the PRC government may feel increased pressure from, for example, PRC audiences or international organizations, to further relax rules restricting the import of foreign films. In addition, as the PRC film market becomes more attractive over time, foreign film makers may expend greater resources to attract PRC audiences, which would further increase competitive pressure. The films we invest in and/or distribute may not be able to compete successfully against foreign films, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The film industry is regulated extensively in China, and our production, distribution and exhibition of films are subject to various PRC laws, rules and regulations.
In accordance with the Regulations on Administration of Films which became effective on February 1, 2002 and the Interim Provisions on Business Access Qualification for Film Enterprises which became effective on November 10, 2004, production, distribution, import and exhibition of films are subject to licenses issued by the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (formerly the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television), or SAPPRFT, and/or its local counterparts. A Film Production License or a Film Production License (Single Film) is required for production of films in China. If a PRC producer cooperates with a foreign producer to produce a film, an additional License for Sino-foreign Cooperation in Film Production must be obtained. A film distribution company in China must obtain a Film Distribution License and only entities approved by SAPPRFT may be engaged in import of foreign films. Movie theaters must obtain a Film Exhibition License for exhibition of films. In addition, existing PRC law requires movie theaters to obtain a Certificate for Digital Films Exhibition Equipment and Technology for exhibition of digital films. However, based on verbal consultations with SAPPRFT, we understand that SAPPRFT is not enforcing the regulation, is not requiring movie theaters to obtain a Certificate for Technical Qualification of Digital Film Exhibition Equipment for the exhibition of digital films and had not issued and is not currently issuing such certificate to any movie theater. In addition, other aspects of the film industry, including the contents of films and scripts, the foreign investment in the industry, the exhibition time for different types of films by movie theaters, and the distributions of films through the Internet or other media, are also subject to detailed and extensive regulations.
If we are found to be in violation of these laws, rules or regulations, PRC governmental authorities could impose penalties on us, including fines of five to ten times income or up to RMB500,000, confiscation of relevant films, equipment or income and suspension of operations. In circumstances of serious violations, the PRC government may revoke a violator's license and criminal liabilities may be prosecuted. If we cannot maintain or renew licenses we have already obtained or cannot obtain necessary licenses for individual films, such as Film Distribution Licenses, our business will be materially and adversely affected.
The production and distribution of television programs is regulated extensively in China, and our production and distribution of Television Series are subject to various PRC laws, rules and regulations.
In accordance with the Administrative Regulations on Radio and Television effective on September 1, 1997, the Administrative Regulations on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Program effective on August 20, 2004, the Administrative Regulations on Content of Television Series effective on July 1, 2010, which superseded and replaced the Administrative Regulations on the Examination of Television Series effective on October 20, 2004, and its supplementary regulations, and other regulations issued based on the foregoing regulations, television
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series can only be produced by entities that hold either a Film Production License or a License for the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Program or by qualified broadcasters. Licenses for the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Program are issued to entities which meet requirements set forth in the Administrative Regulations on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Program and pass the examination of SAPPRFT or its provincial counterparts. In addition to the Film Production License or the Operating License for the Production of Radio and Television Program, the television series producers must obtain either a Multiple Television Series Production License or a Single Television Series Production License for the shooting and production of television series. The Multiple Television Series Production License has an effective term of two years and may be applied to all television series produced by the holder during the effective term. The Single Television Series Production License only applies to the specific television series, as indicated in such license.
Under the Administrative Regulations on Content of Television Series effective on July 1, 2010, a filing with, and announcement by, SAPPRFT or its provincial counterparts is required before production of any television series. Television series will be subject to censorship by SAPPRFT or its provincial counterparts, which will issue a Television Series Distribution License for television series passing their examination. No television series may be distributed or broadcasted without a Television Series Distribution License. However, SAPPRFT may, according to public interest require editing of or terminate distribution or broadcasting of television series which have been granted with a Television Series Distribution License.
If we are found to be in violation of these laws, rules or regulations, this violation may result in penalties, including fines from RMB10,000 to RMB50,000, confiscation of income or equipment and orders to cease operations. In circumstances of serious violations, the PRC government may revoke a violator's license and criminal liabilities may be prosecuted.
Piracy of films and television series, including digital and Internet piracy, may reduce the gross receipts from the exploitation of our films and television series.
Film piracy is extensive in many parts of the world and is made easier by technological advances and the conversion of films into digital formats. In particular, unauthorized copying and piracy are prevalent in China and other countries in Asia, whose legal systems may make it difficult for us to enforce our intellectual property rights. As a result, the creation, transmission and sharing of high quality unauthorized copies of films or television prior to, during or after theatrical release, or in the case of television series, broadcast, has proliferated. This proliferation has had and will likely continue to have an adverse effect on our business, because these products reduce the revenue we receive from our investment in or the distribution or exhibition of films and television series. Additionally, in order to contain this problem, we may have to implement elaborate and costly security and anti-piracy measures, which could result in significant expenses and loss of revenue. We cannot assure you that even the highest levels of security and anti-piracy measures will prevent piracy.
Failure to protect our intellectual property rights could have a negative impact on our business.
We believe our brand, trade names, trademarks and other intellectual property are critical to our success. The success of our business depends substantially upon our continued ability to use our brand, trade names and trademarks to increase brand awareness and to further develop our brand. The unauthorized reproduction of our trademarks could diminish the value of our brand and its market acceptance, competitive advantages or goodwill. In addition, our proprietary information, which has not been patented or otherwise registered as our property, is a component of our competitive advantage and our growth strategy.
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Monitoring and preventing the unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult. The measures we take to protect our brand, trade names, trademarks and other intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent their unauthorized use by third parties. In addition, the application of laws governing intellectual property rights in China and abroad is uncertain and evolving, and could involve substantial risks to us. If we are unable to adequately protect our brand, trade names, trademarks and other intellectual property rights, we may lose these rights and our business may suffer materially. Further, unauthorized use of our brand, trade names or trademarks could cause brand confusion among our clients and harm our reputation. If our brand recognition decreases, we may lose clients and fail in our expansion strategies, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Third parties may assert intellectual property infringement claims against us.
One of the risks of the film industry is the possibility that others may claim that we distribute or own the copyright for films that misappropriate or infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties with respect to their previously developed films, stories, characters, other entertainment or intellectual property. We have been subject to claims of infringement or misappropriation of other persons' proprietary rights in the past and we may be subject to such claims in the future. Any such assertions or claims may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Irrespective of the validity or the successful assertion of such claims, we could incur significant costs and diversion of resources in defending against them, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any claim or action is asserted against us, we may seek to settle such claim by obtaining a license from the plaintiff covering the disputed intellectual property rights. We cannot provide any assurances, however, that under such circumstances such license, or any other form of settlement, would be available on reasonable terms or at all.
Our talent agency business is subject to various PRC laws, rules and regulations
In accordance with the Administrative Regulation on the Commercial Performance effective on September 1, 2005 and last amended on July 22, 2008, and its implementing rules effective on October 1, 2009, the Broker Administrative Measures effective on August 28, 2004, a brokerage company, including talent agency, must specify the manner and the category of the brokerage business conducted by it in its business license and file relevant information of the brokers engaged by it with the local administration for industry and commerce. In addition, talent agencies engaged in (i) organization, production or promotion of commercial performance, (ii) agency or brokerage for commercial performance, which refers to on-site public performances for profit, or (iii) agency or promotion of artists must obtain a Commercial Performance License from the competent culture authorities at provincial level, and must have at least three professional performance brokers. Our affiliated consolidated entity Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) (formerly known as Beijing Bona Film and Culture Communications Co., Ltd.) has obtained a Commercial Performance License with an effective term until July 25, 2014. Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC), Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. and Beijing Bona Xingyi Culture Agency Co., Ltd. have also filed the agency certificates and other information of relevant brokers with the local administration for industry and commerce. There is uncertainty whether Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. and Beijing Bona Xingyi Culture Agency Co., Ltd., whose representations of artists are not in connection with on-site art performances for the public, are required to obtain a Commercial Performance License from the relevant culture authorities. If Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. and Beijing Bona Xingyi Culture Agency Co., Ltd. are required to obtain such license, failure to obtain such license may result in penalties, including fines of eight to ten times the violator's income if such income exceeds RMB10,000 or fines from RMB50,000 to RMB100,000 if such
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income is below RMB10,000, confiscation of income and equipment. Violation of other provisions of those laws may also result in penalties, including fines up to ten times the violator's income or RMB100,000, confiscation of income and orders to cease operations. In circumstances of serious violations, the PRC government may revoke a violator's license and criminal liabilities may be prosecuted. In addition, if we fail to obtain any of the business permits or licenses required for the operation of our business, we may be ordered to cease the applicable activities, have our income from such activities or tools, equipment, raw materials, products and other property that are used for such activities confiscated and be subject to fines of up to RMB500,000.
We may be subject to, and may expend significant resources in defending against government actions based on the content of the films we produce, distribute or exhibit.
PRC laws and regulations require producers, including businesses such as ours, and foreign film importers to ensure that the content of the films they produce or imports is in full compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations and to apply for examination and approval of the content of the films by competent governmental authorities. The requirements on content of films are set forth in the Regulations on Administration of Films which became effective on February 1, 2002, the Provisions on the Filing of Film Scripts (Abstracts) and the Administration of Films, which superseded the Interim Provisions on Project Initiation of Film Scripts (Abstracts) and the Examination of Films and became effective on June 22, 2006, the Notice regarding the Improvement of the Filing of Film Scripts (Abstracts), the Administration of Films, which became effective on February 4, 2010, and certain other circulars issued by SAPPRFT. These regulations require producers to examine film scripts or abstracts in accordance with such requirements first and then file them with SAPPRFT and/or its local counterparts before putting them into production. If the content or main characters of the film involve issues related to national security, foreign relations, peoples, religion, military, public security, judicial matters, historical celebrities or sensitive historical events, the film scripts shall be approved by provincial level administrative authorities in charge of the relevant fields before they are filed with SAPPRFT and/or its local counterpart. After completion of film production, producers are required to submit the film to SAPPRFT and/or its local counterparts for examination and approval. In the case of foreign films, importers must apply for the examination and approval of the films to be imported. Films passing the examination will be granted a License for Public Film Screening and may be distributed, exhibited, imported and exported. Distributors and exhibitors are prohibited from distributing or exhibiting any film without a License for Public Film Screening, nor may such films be imported into or exported out of China. In addition, as to a film for which the License for Public Film Screening has been procured, SAPPRFT may, under special circumstances, decide to suspend its distribution or public screening or to allow its continued distribution or public screening only after revisions have been made thereto. Violation of these laws, rules or regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of income, orders to cease distribution or exhibition of the films and fines of five to ten times the violator's income if such income exceeds RMB50,000 or fines from RMB200,000 to RMB500,000 if such income is below RMB50,000. In circumstances of serious violations, the PRC government may revoke a violator's license for its business operations and prosecute the violator for any criminal wrongdoing.
Our business involves risks of liability claims for media content in both films and advertising, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
As a producer and distributor of films and an advertising services company, we may face potential liability for:
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- subversion;
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- invasion of privacy;
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- negligence;
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- copyright or trademark infringement (as discussed above); and
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- other claims based on the nature and content of the materials distributed.
These types of claims have been brought, sometimes successfully, against producers and distributors of films and advertising service companies. In addition, if viewers find the content displayed on our advertising network to be offensive, movie theaters may seek to hold us responsible for any claim by audiences or they may terminate their relationships with us. Any imposition of liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
An economic downturn could materially and adversely affect our business by reducing consumer spending on movie attendance and other film related expenditures.
We depend on consumers voluntarily spending discretionary funds on leisure activities. Motion picture theater attendance may be affected by economic downturns, which may adversely affect consumer spending.
The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. The recovery from the lows of 2008 and 2009 was uneven and is facing new challenges, including the escalation of the European sovereign debt crisis since 2011. While leading European nations have implemented a series of financial support measures, it is still unclear whether the European debt crisis can be contained and what effects it may have. Economic conditions in the PRC are sensitive to macroeconomic conditions. In part due to lower export demand resulting from slow economic recoveries in the United States and Europe and a weak economic environment in Japan, China's GDP growth decelerated during the first three quarters in 2012. In addition, there is uncertainty regarding the scale and the effects of a real estate bubble alleged by some to have reached a critical stage in the PRC.
While we cannot predict the timing or duration of any economic downturns, a decrease in economic activity in China or in other regions of the world in which we do business could adversely affect demand for our films, thus reducing our revenue and earnings. A decline in economic conditions could reduce the number of, or attendance at, our film screenings. In addition, an increase in price levels generally could result in a shift in consumer demand away from the entertainment we offer, which could also adversely affect our revenue and, at the same time, increase our costs. Moreover, financial institution failures may cause us to incur increased expenses or make it more difficult either to utilize our existing debt capacity or otherwise obtain financing for our operations or investing activities (including the financing of any future acquisitions). Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by any economic downturns in China or globally.
Acquisitions are expected to continue to be a part of our growth strategy, and could expose us to significant business risks.
In April 2010, we started our movie theater business through the acquisition of six movie theaters in commercial districts and residential areas in major cities in China to support our film distribution business. In July 2011, we acquired 100% of the equity interests in Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight to further expand our movie theater business. In addition, in November 2011, we entered into an agreement to acquire a strategic equity stake in China Lion Entertainment Limited in order to
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strengthen our U.S. and Canadian distribution capabilities. To grow our business, we may continue to pursue acquisition opportunities that are complementary to our business. However, we may not be able to identify and secure suitable acquisition opportunities. Our ability to consummate and effectively integrate any future acquisitions on terms that are favorable to us may be limited by a number of factors, such as attractive acquisition targets and, to the extent necessary, our ability to obtain financing on satisfactory terms, if at all.
Moreover, even if an acquisition candidate is identified, we may fail to enter into an acquisition or purchase agreement for the candidate on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, due to a variety of reasons. The negotiation and completion of potential acquisitions, whether or not ultimately consummated, could significantly divert management's time and resources and potentially disrupt our existing business. Further, the expected synergies from future acquisitions may not actually materialize. In addition, future acquisitions could result in the incurrence of additional indebtedness, costs and contingent liabilities. Future acquisitions may also expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with:
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- the integration of new operations, services and personnel;
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- unforeseen or hidden liabilities;
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- the diversion of financial or other resources from our existing businesses and technologies;
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- an inability to generate sufficient revenue to recover costs and expenses of the acquisitions; and
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- potential losses of, or harms to, relationships with employees or customers.
Any of the above risks could significantly impair our ability to manage our business and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We do not maintain business liability or disruption, litigation or property insurance, and any business liability or disruption, litigation or property damage we experience might result in substantial costs to us and the diversion of our resources.
The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business disruption, business liability or similar business insurance products. We have determined that the risks of disruption or liability from our business, the loss or damage to our property, including our facilities, equipment and office furniture, the cost of obtaining insurance coverage for these risks and the difficulties associated with obtaining such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. As a result, we do not have any business liability, disruption, litigation or property insurance coverage for our operations in China. Any occurrence of an uninsured loss or damage to property, or litigation or business disruption may result in substantial costs to us and the diversion of our resources, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results or prevent fraud may be adversely affected, as a result, investor confidence in our company and the market price of our ADSs may be adversely affected.
We are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we include a report from management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report beginning with our annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management concluded that our internal control over
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financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2012, the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F, and our independent registered public accounting firm opined that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting on the same date.
In the event of any failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future, we and our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may disagree. If such independent registered public accounting firm is not satisfied with our internal control or the level at which our control is documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us, then it may not be able to issue an unqualified opinion. In addition, our reporting obligations as a public company may place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future.
In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. If we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could harm our operating results and lead to a decline in the market price of our ADSs. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions.
Our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Dong Yu, as the single largest holder of our outstanding share capital, has substantial influence over our company and his interests may not be aligned with your interests.
As of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, Mr. Dong Yu, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, through Skillgreat Limited, beneficially owned 30.14% of our outstanding share capital. Consequently, Mr. Yu has substantial influence over our business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors, declaration of dividends and other significant corporate actions. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your ADSs as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of our ADSs.
In addition, pursuant to the investor rights agreement dated as of May 21, 2012, by and among Mr. Dong Yu, Skillgreat Limited, our company and NCIH, Inc., a Delaware corporation, NCIH, Inc. agrees to vote, until May 21, 2013, a certain number of the ordinary shares held by it in accordance with the instructions of Mr. Dong Yu with respect to a qualified public offering by our company and the re-election of Mr. Dong Yu to our board of directors. This voting agreement, if exercised by Mr. Dong Yu before May 21, 2013, would provide Mr. Dong Yu with up to 33.4% of our total voting power as of the record date fixed for the matter subject to shareholder vote described above.
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Our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Dong Yu, has provided personal guarantees to secure our obligations under certain credit facilities and may continue to grant additional guarantees in the future. Defaults under these credit facilities could result in a sale of a significant portion of Mr. Dong Yu's equity interest in our company.
From time to time, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer. Mr. Dong Yu, has provided personal guarantees in order to help enable us to procure bank borrowings. As of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, Mr. Yu is providing a personal guarantee in respect of a term loan facility from Bank of Beijing under which Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) has a loan with principal amount of approximately RMB50.0 million (US$8.0 million) outstanding. This term loan facility is jointly guaranteed by Beijing Bona Cineplex and Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. together with Mr. Yu. Mr. Yu is also providing, as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, a personal guarantee in respect of a fixed asset loan facility provided by Industrial Commercial Bank of China to Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC), which currently has a principal amount of approximately RMB50.0 million (US$8.0 million) outstanding. Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. is providing a joint guarantee with Mr. Yu for this loan. Mr. Yu may, in the future, provide additional guarantees for our bank borrowings.
If Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) defaults on either of these loans, the relevant bank would have the rights to accelerate and declare immediately due and payable all debts outstanding thereunder and enforce upon the guarantees, among other measures. Events of default under the terms of the loans include failure to make principal, interest or other payments under the loan when they become due, breach of any representation, warranty or undertaking under the loan agreement, failure to meet debt payment obligations under other agreements (subject to certain conditions), and deterioration in the borrower's financial or operation condition that adversely affects its debt repayment ability, among others.
If events of default occur under these loans, and the banks accelerate the loans and enforce upon Mr. Yu's personal guarantees, Mr. Yu's personal property, including his equity interest in our company may be subject to an auction or forced sale, or Mr. Yu may need to sell his equity interest in our company in order to satisfy his guarantee obligations. A sale of a significant portion of Mr. Yu's equity interest in our company would likely cause a significant drop in the price of our ADSs, and could also adversely affect our business operations and our relationships in the film industry. Moreover, if Mr. Yu's beneficial ownership in us is substantially reduced, he may have little or no stake or interest in the business operations of our company, and he may leave the company or not perform his duties as diligently as he otherwise might have.
Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure
If the PRC government determines that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business otherwise do not comply with applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, we could be subject to severe penalties.
Foreign investment in the businesses we operate, including film production, distribution and exhibition, television production, movie theater operation and talent agency services, is currently prohibited or restricted in China. As a Cayman Islands corporation, we are restricted or prohibited from directly owning all the equity interests in PRC companies engaged in these businesses. In addition, foreign investment in the advertising industry requires the foreign investor to possess certain qualifications that we do not have. See "Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations of Our Industry." As a result, our business in China is operated by our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries through contractual arrangements with our PRC subsidiary. Each of our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries is currently owned by PRC citizens
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and/or PRC companies and holds the relevant licenses and permits to provide film production, distribution or exhibition, television production, movie theater operation, talent agency or advertising services in China. The shareholders of our affiliated consolidated entities are set forth in "Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure—Our Corporate Structure." We have been and expect to continue to be dependent on affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries to operate our film production, distribution and exhibition, television production, movie theater operation, talent agency and advertising businesses. We do not have any equity interest in any of the affiliated consolidated entities but control their operations and receive substantially all the economic benefits and bear substantially all the economic risks through a series of contractual arrangements. For more information regarding these contractual arrangements, see "Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure—Contractual Arrangements with Our Affiliated Consolidated Entities."
There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, rules and regulations, including but not limited to the laws, rules and regulations governing the validity and enforcement of our contractual arrangements with the affiliated consolidated entities and the laws, rules and regulations setting forth the prohibitions or restrictions on foreign investments in film, television production, film distribution and exhibition, movie theater operation and talent agency services and qualification requirements for foreign investments in advertising industries. Although we have been advised by our PRC counsel, Han Kun Law Offices, that the structure for operating our business in China (including our corporate structure and contractual arrangements with the affiliated consolidated entities) complies, and immediately after the completion of our initial public offering continued to comply, with all applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and does not violate, breach, contravene or otherwise conflict with any applicable PRC laws, rules or regulations, we cannot assure you that the PRC regulatory authorities will take the same view.
If we, any of the affiliated consolidated entities or any of their current or future subsidiaries are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, including:
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- revoking the business licenses or other licenses or permits of such entities;
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- discontinuing or restricting the conduct of any transactions between our PRC subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities;
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- imposing fines, confiscating the income of the affiliated consolidated entities or our income, confiscating our films or equipment, or imposing other requirements with which we or our PRC subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities may not be able to comply;
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- requiring us or our PRC subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities to restructure our ownership structure or operations; or
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- restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds of our initial public offering to finance our business and operations in China.
The imposition of any of these penalties could result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of these penalties results in our inability to direct the activities of our affiliated consolidated entities that most significantly impact their economic performance, and/or our failure to receive the economic benefits from our affiliated consolidated entities, we may not be able to consolidate our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
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We rely on contractual arrangements with our affilaited consolidated entities and their shareholders for our business operations, which may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership.
We rely on and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with our affiliated consolidated entities in China and their respective shareholders to operate our film production, distribution and exhibition, television production, movie theater operation, talent agency and advertising businesses in China. For more information about the terms of these contractual arrangements, see "Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure—Our Corporate Structure." In 2010, 2011 and 2012, net revenues of our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries accounted for 83.9%, 92.7% and 93.1%, respectively, of our consolidated net revenues, and as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, total assets of our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries accounted for 47.9%, 57.0% and 70.8% of our consolidated total assets, respectively. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing us with control over the affiliated consolidated entities and enabling us to derive economic benefits from the operations of the affiliated consolidated entities as ownership of controlling equity interests would be. If we had direct ownership of the affiliated consolidated entities, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to (i) effect changes in the board of directors of those entities, which in turn could effect changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management level, and (ii) derive economic benefits from the operations of those entities by causing them to declare and pay dividends. However, under the current contractual arrangements, as a legal matter, if any of the affiliated consolidated entities or any of their shareholders fails to perform its, his or her respective obligations under these contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and resources to enforce such arrangements, and rely on legal remedies available under PRC laws, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure you will be effective. For example, if shareholders of an affiliated consolidated entity were to refuse to transfer their equity interests in such affiliated consolidated entity to us or our designated persons when we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, we may have to take a legal action to compel them to fulfill their contractual obligations.
If (i) the relevant PRC authorities invalidate these contractual arrangements for violation of PRC laws, rules and regulations, (ii) any affiliated consolidated entity or its shareholders terminate the contractual arrangements or (iii) any affiliated consolidated entity or its shareholders fail to perform their obligations under these contractual arrangements, our business operations in China would be adversely and materially affected, and the value of your ADSs would substantially decrease. Further, if we fail to renew these contractual arrangements upon their expiration, we would not be able to continue our business operations unless the then-current PRC law allowed us to directly operate the relevant businesses in China.
In addition, if any of our affiliated consolidated entities or all or part of their assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of our affiliated consolidated entities undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of its assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, our ability to generate revenue and the market price of your ADSs. All of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in the PRC. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our operating entities, our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected and we may not be able to consolidate the
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financial results of our affiliated consolidated entities and subsidiaries into our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Our ability to enforce the equity pledge agreements between Bona New World and the shareholders of each of our affiliated consolidated entities may be subject to limitations based on PRC laws and regulations.
Pursuant to the equity pledge agreements among Bona New World and each of the shareholders of our respective affiliated consolidated entities, such shareholders have pledged their equity interests in our respective affiliated consolidated entities to Bona New Word to secure the performance by our affiliated consolidated entities of their obligations under the respective exclusive technology and consulting service agreements. An equity pledge agreement becomes effective among the parties upon execution, but according to the PRC Property Rights Law, an equity pledge is not perfected as a security property right unless it is registered with the relevant local administration for industry and commerce. The pledge relating to each of Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd. and Beijing Bona Advertising Co., Ltd (PRC) has been duly registered with the relevant local administration for industry and commerce, while we are in the process of registering the amended pledge relating to Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) after capital increase of Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC). Prior to the completion of the registration, we may not be able to successfully enforce the equity pledge against any third parties who have acquired property right interests in good faith in the increased equity interests in Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC).
According to the PRC Property Law and PRC Guarantee Law, a pledgee and pledgor are prohibited from making an agreement prior to the expiration of the debt performance period to transfer the ownership of the pledged equity to the pledgee when the obligor fails to pay the debt due. Under the PRC Property Law, when an obligor fails to perform its obligations, the pledgee may choose to either conclude an agreement with the pledgor to obtain the pledged equity or seek payment of proceeds throght an auction sale or forced sale of the pledged equity interests. Therefore, if a shareholder of an affiliated consolidated entity defaults on its obligations under the relevant exclusive technology and service agreement and pledge thereby becomes enforceable, one remedy available to Bona New World would be to require the pledgor to sell the equity interests of the affiliated consolidated entities in an auction or private sale and remit the proceeds to Bona New World, net of related taxes and expenses. In the event of such a default, our preferred approach, however, would likely be to designate another PRC person or entity to replace the existing shareholders of the relevant affiliated consolidated entity pursuant to the direct transfer option we have under the relevant voting trust and equity purchase option agreements.
In addition, when registering the equity pledge of our affiliated consolidated entities with the relevant local administration for industry and commerce, we were or will be required to fill in the specific amounts of secured liabilities in the registration forms. Given that the amounts written in these forms are fixed and subject to scrutiny by the relevant government authorities, they may ultimately be less than the actual aggregate secured amounts, namely all of the liabilities owed by our affiliated consolidated entities to Bona New World under the exclusive technology and consulting service agreements. Although the equity pledge agreements provide that the pledged equity interest shall secure all of the liabilities owed to by our affiliated consolidated entities to Bona New World, it is possible that PRC courts may take the position that the amounts written on the equity pledge registration forms represent the full amount of the liabilities that the pledge secures. If this is the case, the obligations that are meant to be secured in the equity pledge agreements in excess of the aggregate amounts listed on the equity pledge registration forms could be determined by PRC courts to be unsecured liabilities. As such, rather than enforcing the pledge, our preferred approach would likely be to designate another PRC person or entity to replace the existing respective shareholders of our affiliated consolidated entities pursuant to the direct transfer option we have under the voting trust and equity purchase option agreements.
In addition, we do not have agreements that pledge the assets of our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries for the benefit of Bona New World.
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Public shareholders of China-based, U.S.-listed companies and other market participants may no longer have access to a wide array of corporate records of such listed companies' PRC entities filed with relevant administration for industry and commerce in China. Loss of, or limits on, the access to such information may adversely affect overall investor confidence in the reported results or other disclosures of China-based, U.S.-listed companies, including those of our company, and may cause the trading price of our ADSs to decline.
Our PRC companies, including Bona New World, our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries, maintain corporate records and filings with relevant administration for industry and commerce in the cities where such PRC entities are registered. Information contained in such corporate records and filings includes, among others, business address, registered capital, business scope, articles of association, equity interest holders, legal representative, changes to the above information, annual financial reports, matters relating to termination or dissolution, information relating to penalties imposed, and annual inspection records.
Various government authorities in China have promulgated regulations that govern public access to corporate records and filings. Under the Measures for Accessing Corporate Records and Filings, promulgated on December 16, 1996 by the SAIC, as amended in 2000 and in 2003 respectively, or the SAIC measures, a wide range of basic corporate records, except for certain restricted information such as business results and financial reports, can be freely inspected by the public. Under the SAIC measures, a company's restricted information can only be inspected by authorized government officers and officials from judicial authorities or lawyers involved in pending litigation relating to such company who have court-issued proof of such litigation. In practice, local administration for industry and commerce in different cities have adopted various regional regulations which impose more stringent restrictions than the SAIC measures by expanding the scope of restricted information that the public cannot freely access. Many local administrations for industry and commerce only allow free public access to such basic corporate information as the name, legal representative, registered capital and business scope of a company. Under these local regulations, access to the other corporate records and filings (many of which are not restricted information under the SAIC measures) is only granted to authorized government officers and officials from judicial authorities or lawyers involved in pending litigation relating to such company who have court-issued proof of such litigation.
However, neither the SAIC nor the local administration for industry and commerce were reported to have strictly implemented the restrictions under either the SAIC measures or the various regional regulations before early 2012. As a result, before early 2012, the public, including public shareholders of China-based, U.S.-listed companies and other market participants, such as lawyers and research firms, were reported to be able to access all or most corporate records and filings of these listed companies' PRC entities maintained with the relevant administration for industry and commerce administration. Such records and filings were reported to have formed important components of research reports on certain China-based, U.S.-listed companies, which claimed to have uncovered wrongdoings and fraud committed by certain such companies. Such claims were generally mad on the basis of (i) disparities found between the listed companies' reported results and their PRC entities' financial reports filed with relevant administration for industry and commerce, and (ii) information on material changes of the PRC entities, such as transfers of equity interests of significant PRC subsidiaries, that were filed with the relevant administration for industry and commerce but were allegedly not properly disclosed by such listed companies as required under the U.S. securities law and the SEC's disclosure requirements. The significant disparities found between (i) certain China-based, U.S.-listed companies' reported results and other disclosure and (ii) their PRC entities' financial reports and other records filed with relevant administration for industry and commerce were also reported to have formed the basis of several class actions against certain such companies.
It was reported that, since the first half of 2012, local administration for industry and commerce in a number of cities in China had started strictly implementing the above restrictions and significantly
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curtailing public access to corporate records and filings. It is also reported that only the limited scope of basic corporate records and filings are still accessible by the public, and much of the previously publically accessible information, such as financial reports and changes to equity interests, now can only be accessed by the parties specified in, and in strict accordance with the restrictions under, the various regional regulations. Such reported limitation on the public access to corporate records and filings and the resulting concerns over the loss of, or limits on, an otherwise available source of information to verify and evaluate the soundness of China-based, U.S.-listed companies' business operations in China may have a significant adverse effect on overall investor confidence in the reported results or other disclosures of China-based, U.S.-listed companies, including those of our company, and may cause the trading price of our ADSs to decline.
Mr. Dong Yu, as the nominee shareholder of Bona Film Group Co., Ltd., may have potential conflicts of interest with us.
Mr. Yu is the majority nominee shareholder of Bona Film Group Co., Ltd., and is also the chairman and chief executive officer and a major shareholder of our company. The interests of Mr. Yu as the nominee shareholder of Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. may differ from the interests of our company, and we cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, Mr. Yu will act in the best interests of our company, or that conflicts of interest will be resolved in our company's favor. Currently, we do not have existing arrangements to address potential conflicts of interests Mr. Yu may encounter in his capacity as the nominee shareholder, on the one hand, and as the chairman, chief executive officer and a major shareholder of our company, on the other hand. Mr. Yu is party to our contractual arrangements with Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. and the voting trust and option purchase agreements provide us with a mechanism to remove Mr. Yu as the nominee shareholder of Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. should he act to the detriment of our company. We rely on Mr. Yu, as the chairman and chief executive officer of our company, to fulfill his fiduciary duties and abide by laws of the PRC and the Cayman Islands and act in the best interests of our company. The potential exists, however, for conflicts of interests to arise. Mr. Yu may breach or cause Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. to breach the contractual arrangements, which would have an adverse effect on our ability to effectively control the affiliated consolidated entities and receive economic benefits from them. In any such case, we may need to rely on legal proceedings to resolve any disputes, the outcome of which is uncertain and which could be materially disruptive to our business.
The contractual arrangements with the affiliated consolidated entities and other transactions among our PRC subsidiary, the affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and may result in a finding that we owe additional taxes or are ineligible for tax exemption, or both, which could substantially increase our taxes owed and thereby reduce our net income.
Under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, arrangements and transactions between related parties may be subject to audits or challenges by the PRC tax authorities. If any of the transactions that have been entered into between our wholly owned subsidiary in China and our affiliated consolidated entities and other transactions among our PRC subsidiary, the affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries are determined by the PRC tax authorities not to be on an arm's length basis, or are found to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, the PRC tax authorities may adjust the profits and losses of such affiliated consolidated entity and assess more taxes on it. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties to such affiliated consolidated entity for under-paid taxes. Our net income may be adversely and materially affected if the tax liabilities of any of the affiliated consolidated entities increase or if it is found to be subject to late payment fees or other penalties.
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In the future we may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our wholly owned operating subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our operating subsidiary to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
Our company is a holding company. If our company requires cash, including funds necessary to pay dividends to our shareholders or service offshore debt we incur we may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by Bona New World, our PRC subsidiary, for our cash requirements. If Bona New World incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require us to adjust our taxable income under the contractual arrangements Bona New World currently has in place with the affiliated consolidated entities in a manner that would materially and adversely affect the ability of Bona New World to pay dividends and other distributions to us. Further, relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations permit payments of dividends by Bona New World only out of its retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations of China. Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, Bona New World is also required to set aside a portion of its net income each year to reserve funds and staff incentive and welfare funds. Bona New World must set aside at least 10% of after-tax income each year to reserve funds prior to payment of dividends until the cumulative fund reaches 50% of the registered capital. As for staff incentive and welfare funds, the contribution percentage is to be decided by Bona New World on its own discretion. As a result of these PRC laws, rules and regulations, Bona New World is restricted from transferring a portion of its net assets to us in the form of dividends. Any limitation on the ability of our operating subsidiary to pay dividends to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
The approval of the Ministry of Commerce may be required in connection with the establishment of our contractual arrangements with the affiliated consolidated entities. Our failure to obtain this approval, if required, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, reputation and trading price of our ADSs.
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory authorities, including the CSRC, jointly promulgated the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors in the People's Republic of China, or the 2006 M&A Rules, which were later amended on June 22, 2009. The 2006 M&A Rules provide that approval by the Ministry of Commerce is required prior to a foreign company acquiring a PRC domestic company where the foreign company and the domestic company have the samede facto controlling persons that are PRC individuals or enterprises. The applicability of the 2006 M&A Rules with respect to the Ministry of Commerce's approval is unclear. If the Ministry of Commerce subsequently determines that its prior approval was required for our contractual arrangements with the affiliated consolidated entities, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the Ministry of Commerce or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on us and the affiliated consolidated entities, require us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, limit our operations, delay or restrict our sending the proceeds from our initial public offering into China, or take other actions. These regulatory actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs.
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Dividends we receive from our operating subsidiary located in the PRC may be subject to PRC withholding tax.
The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, provides that a maximum income tax rate of 20% may be applicable to dividends payable to non-PRC investors that are "non-resident enterprises," to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC, and the State Council of the PRC has reduced such rate to 10% through the implementation regulations. We are a Cayman Islands holding company and substantially all of our income may be derived from dividends we receive from our subsidiary located in the PRC. Thus, dividends paid to us by our subsidiary in China may be subject to the 10% income tax if we are considered as a "non-resident enterprise" under the EIT Law. If we are required under the EIT Law to pay income tax for any dividends we receive from our subsidiary in China, it would materially and adversely affect the amount of dividends, if any, we may pay to our shareholders and ADS holders.
If we lose control over the chops, seals and/or business licenses of our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries, our business and operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Similar to other PRC companies, our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries have as chops, seals and their business licenses, for entering into contracts, dealing with banks and taking certain official actions, including registering any change to the composition of the board or senior management team with relevant PRC authorities.
Under PRC law, legal documents for various transactions, including government filings, agreements and contracts, are executed using chops or seals of the signing entity or with the signature of the legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with the relevant administration for industry and commerce. We generally execute legal documents by affixing chops or seals, rather than having the designated legal representatives sign the documents. Our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries' business licenses are required to be presented for (i) annual inspection by the relevant administration for industry and commerce or the civil affairs administration authorities, as applicable, in order to maintain valid existence; (ii) application, registration and modification of other licenses and qualifications; (iii) opening bank accounts and (iv) purchase of real properties or motor vehicles.
Under the internal policies adopted by us for our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries, we have procedures in place to control and regulate the use of chops and and seals and ensure the safe keep of the business licenses. However, these procedures and measures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or unauthorized actions. If we fail for any reason to maintain effective control over the chops, seals or business licenses, or if any of the chops, seals or business licenses are misused or misappropriated by the authorized users, whether as a result of labor disputes or other disputes, such persons' malfeasance or any other reason, the chops, seals or business licenses could be used to commit fraudulent acts, such as transferring assets, legally binding the affected companies to contracts against our interests, and obstructing the affected companies' cash flows, among other acts, that would have a mterial adverse impact on our business.
Risks Relating to the PRC
Adverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.
Since substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political and legal
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developments in China. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including:
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- the degree of government involvement;
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- the level of development;
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- the growth rate;
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- the control of foreign exchange;
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- access to financing; and
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- the allocation of resources.
While the Chinese economy has grown significantly in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may negatively affect our business. For example, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us.
The Chinese economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. Although the PRC government has in recent years implemented measures emphasizing reliance on market forces, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of sound corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of the productive assets in China is still owned by the PRC government. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China's economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. From late 2003 to mid-2008, the PRC government implemented a number of measures, such as increasing the People's Bank of China's reserve requirement ratio and imposing commercial bank lending guidelines that had the effect of slowing the growth of credit. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government promulgated several measures aimed at expanding credit and stimulating economic growth. Beginning in September 2008, the People's Bank of China decreased the reserve requirement ratio and lowered benchmark interest rates several times in response to the global downturn. Subsequently, from early 2010 to mid-2011, the People's Bank of China increased the reserve requirement ratio in order to control China's rapid growth. It is unclear whether PRC economic policies will be effective in sustaining stable economic growth in the future. In addition, other economic measures, as well as future actions and policies of the PRC government, could also materially affect our liquidity and access to capital and our ability to operate our business.
Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the protections available to you and us.
We conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries established in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike in the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties, which may
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limit legal protections available to us. For example, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce the legal protection that we enjoy either by law or contract. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of Chinese administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy in China than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into with our business partners, customers and suppliers. In addition, such uncertainties, including the inability to enforce our contracts, could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Furthermore, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Moreover, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us and other foreign investors, including you.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in China, based on United States or other foreign laws, against us, our management or the experts named in this annual report on Form 20-F.
We conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, a majority of our senior executive officers reside within China. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or many other countries outside China upon our senior executive officers, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws and applicable United States state securities laws. China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan and many other countries. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to serve process upon us or those persons in China, or to enforce against us or them in China, any judgments obtained from non-PRC courts.
The audit report included in this annual report on Form 20-F are prepared by auditors who are not inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and, as such, you are deprived of the benefits of such inspection
Our independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit reports included in our annual reports filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, as auditors of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the United States Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards. Because our auditors are located in the Peoples' Republic of China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese authorities, our auditors are not currently inspected by the PCAOB.
Inspections of other firms that the PCAOB has conducted outside China have identified deficiencies in those firms' audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. This lack of PCAOB inspections in China prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditor's audits and its quality control procedures. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of PCAOB inspections.
The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our auditor's audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared
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to auditors outside of China that are subject to PCAOB inspections. Investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information and procedures and the quality of our financial statements.
The SEC's recent administrative proceedings against five PRC-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, may affect our ability to meet our reporting obligations as a reporting company.
Recently, the SEC commenced administrative proceedings under Rule 102(e) of its Rules of Practice and also under the SOX against the Chinese affiliates of the "big four" accounting firms, including our auditor, and also against BDO China Dahua. The Rule 102(e) proceedings initiated by the SEC related to these firms' failure to produce documents, including audit work papers, at the request of the SEC pursuant to Section 106 of the SOX, as the auditors located in the PRC are not in a position lawfully to produce documents directly to the SEC because of restrictions under PRC law and specific directives issued by the CSRC. As the administrative proceedings are ongoing, it is impossible to determine their outcome or the consequences thereof to us. The issues raised by the proceedings are not specific to our auditor, or to us, but affect equally all audit firms based in China and all China-based businesses with securities listed in the United States. However, if the administrative judge were to find in favor of the SEC under the proceeding and depending upon the remedies sought by the SEC, these audit firms could be barred from practicing before the SEC. As a result, listed companies in the United States with major PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in the PRC, which may result in their delisting. Moreover, any negative news about the proceedings against these audit firms may erode investor confidence in China-based, United States listed companies and the market price of our ADSs may be adversely affected.
PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds from our offshore credit facility with East West Bank to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities.
In utilizing the proceeds from our revolving credit facility with East West Bank, we may make loans to our PRC subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary. Any loans to our subsidiary or affiliated consolidated entities in China are subject to PRC regulations, including registration and approval requirements. For example, loans by us to our affiliated consolidated entities must be approved by the relevant government authorities and registered with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, or its local counterpart.
Capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary must be approved by the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart. Because our affiliated consolidated entities are domestic PRC enterprises, we are not likely to finance their activities by means of capital contributions due to regulatory issues relating to foreign investment in domestic PRC enterprises, as well as the licensing and other regulatory issues.
We cannot assure you that we can obtain the required government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans or capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary or any of the affiliated consolidated entities. If we fail to receive such registrations or approvals, our ability to use the proceeds from our offshore credit facility with East West Bank and to fund our operations in China would be negatively affected, which would adversely and materially affect our liquidity and our ability to expand our business.
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PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may increase our administrative burden and restrict our overseas and cross-border investment activity. If our shareholders fail to make any required applications and filings under such regulations, we may be unable to distribute profits and may become subject to liability under PRC laws.
SAFE issued a public notice in October 2005, or the SAFE notice, and several implementation rules requiring PRC residents to register with the competent local SAFE branch in connection with establishing or controlling any company outside of China for the purpose of capital financing with assets or equities of PRC companies, referred to in the notice as an "offshore special purpose company." The SAFE notice and its implementation rules further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the offshore special purpose company, including an initial public offering by such company. With respect to any of such signficiant changes, we are also obligated to coordinate with the shareholders in respect of their SAFE registration amendments. Our shareholders who are PRC residents, Mr. Dong Yu, Mr. Hai Yu and Mr. Zhong Jiang have registered with the local SAFE branch for the foreign exchange registrations of overseas investments and have amended such registrations to reflect some developments of our company and our PRC subsidiary, including the initial public offering of our ADSs. Some of our shareholders who are PRC residents are also required to amend their registration to reflect the developments of our company and our PRC subsidiary since our initial public offering. However, we cannot ensure that our shareholders will always amend their registrations as required.We may not be fully informed of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents, and we do not have control over our beneficial owners. Any failure of our beneficial owners to amend their SAFE registrations in a timely fashion pursuant to the SAFE notice and its implementation rules or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in the SAFE notice and its implementation rules may subject such beneficial owners to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary, limit the ability of our PRC subsidiary to distribute dividends to our company or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business.
Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.
Under the applicable PRC regulations, PRC residents who participate in an employee incentive plan in an overseas publicly-listed company are required to register with SAFE and complete certain other procedures. These participants should retain a PRC agent, which can be a subsidiary of the overseas listed company in China or other qualified institution selected by such PRC subsidiary to handle various foreign exchange matters associated with these plans. The PRC agents should, on behalf of the PRC residents, apply annually to SAFE or its competent local branches for a quota for the conversion and/or payment of foreign currencies in connection with the PRC residents' participation in the employee stock incentive plan. We and our PRC resident employees who participate in an employee stock incentive plan are subject to these regulations. Our 2010 share incentive plan has been registered with the local authority of SAFE. However, we cannot assure you that the the holders of options issued by our company can succesfully amend the registration with SAFE in full compliance with the relevant PRC rules and regulations. If we or our PRC optionees fail to comply with these regulations, we or our PRC optionees may be subject to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions. See "Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations of Our Industry—Regulations on Employee Stock Option Granted by Offshore Listed Companies."
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The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, may have been required in connection with our initial public offering. Our failure to obtain this approval, if required, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, reputation and trading price of our ADSs.
According to the 2006 M&A Rules, an offshore special purpose vehicle, or SPV, refers to an overseas company controlled directly or indirectly by domestic companies or individuals for purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in domestic companies (defined as enterprises in the PRC other than foreign-invested enterprises). If an SPV purchases, for the purpose of overseas listing, the equity interests of any PRC company that are held by PRC companies or individuals controlling such SPV, then the overseas listing by the SPV must be approved by the CSRC. However, the applicability of the 2006 M&A Rules with respect to CSRC approval is unclear. The CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule concerning whether offerings like our initial public offering in December 2010 are subject to the 2006 M&A Rules.
Our PRC counsel, Han Kun Law Offices, had advised us at the time of our initial public offering that the 2006 M&A Rules do not require that we obtain prior CSRC approval for the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ, given that:
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- the CSRC approval requirement applies to SPVs that acquired equity interests of any PRC company that are held by PRC companies or individuals controlling such SPV and seek overseas listing; and
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- our PRC operating subsidiary was incorporated as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise by means of direct investment rather than by merger or acquisition by our company of the equity interest or assets of any "domestic company" as defined under the 2006 M&A Rules, and no provision in the 2006 M&A Rules classifies the contractual arrangements between our company, our PRC operating subsidiary and any of the affiliated consolidated entities as a type of acquisition transaction falling under the 2006 M&A Rules.
However, if the CSRC subsequently determines that its prior approval is required, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations, limit our operating privileges, delay or restrict our sending the proceeds from our initial public offering into China, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs.
We cannot predict when the CSRC may promulgate additional rules or other guidance, if at all. Implementing rules or guidance, to the extent issued, may fail to resolve current ambiguities under the 2006 M&A Rules. Uncertainties or negative publicity regarding the 2006 M&A Rules could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our ADSs.
PRC laws and regulations establish more complex procedures for some acquisitions of PRC companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.
PRC laws and regulations, such as the 2006 M&A Rules, the Anti-Monopoly Law and the national security review rules issued by the PRC governmental authorities in 2011, or the Security Review Rules, have established additional procedures and requirements that make or are expected to make merger and acquisition activities in China by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex. Such procedures and requirements include, for example, requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC, or MOFCOM, be notified in advance of any concentrations of undertakings, if certain thresholds are triggered, or that the approval from the MOFCOM be obtained in circumstances where overseas companies established or controlled by PRC enterprises or residents acquire affiliated
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domestic companies. The Security Review Rules further provide that acquisitions by foreign investors of domestic companies engaged in military-related or certain other industries that are crucial to national security shall be subject to prior security review. The Security Review Rules stipulate that the principle of substance over form should be applied in determining whether a specific merger or acquisition of a domestic enterprise by foreign investors is subject to security review by MOFCOM, and foreign investors are prohibited from bypassing the security review requirement by structuring transactions through proxies, trusts, indirect investments, leases, loans, control through contractual arrangements or offshore transactions. If the business of any target company that we plan to acquire falls within the ambit of security review, we may not be able to successfully acquire such company either by equity or asset acquisition, capital contribution or through any contractual arrangement. We may grow our business in part by acquiring other companies operating in our industry. Complying with the requirements of the relevant regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including approval from the MOFCOM, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment and limit our foreign exchange transactions, including dividend payments on our ADSs.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of foreign currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from our PRC subsidiary. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiary to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency-denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade related transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from SAFE or its local branch is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions in the future. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs.
Fluctuations in exchange rates of the Renminbi could materially affect our reported results of operations.
The exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar, the Euro and other foreign currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China's political and economic conditions. In July 2005, the PRC government changed its policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar, and the Renminbi was permitted to fluctuate within a band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. As a result, the Renminbi appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. However, the People's Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to limit fluctuations in Renminbi exchange rates and achieve policy goals. For almost two years after July 2008, the Renminbi traded within a very narrow range against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high. As a consequence, the Renminbi fluctuated significantly during that period against other freely traded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. In June 2010, the PRC government announced that it would increase the exchange rate flexibility of the Renminbi, and in April 2013, a deputy governor of the People's Bank of China was reported to have stated that the exchange rate fluctuation band would be widened soon. However, it remains unclear when this
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flexibility may be implemented. In 2012, the RMB appreciated 0.25% against the U.S. dollar. There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar.
As we may rely on dividends and other fees paid to us by our subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities in China, any significant revaluation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenue, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ADSs in U.S. dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we received from our initial public offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In addition, since our functional and reporting currency is the U.S. dollar while the functional currency of our subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities in China is Renminbi, appreciation or depreciation in the value of the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar would have a positive or negative effect on our reported financial results, which may not reflect any underlying change in our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be deemed a PRC resident enterprise under the EIT Law and be subject to the PRC taxation on our worldwide income.
The EIT Law also provides that enterprises established outside of China whose "de facto management bodies" are located in China are considered "resident enterprises" and are generally subject to the uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate as to their worldwide income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Under the implementation regulations for the EIT Law issued by the PRC State Council, "de facto management body" is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and treasury, and acquisition and disposition of properties and other assets of an enterprise. Although substantially all of our operational management is currently based in the PRC, it is unclear whether PRC tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as a PRC resident enterprise. If we are treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes, we will be subject to PRC tax on our worldwide income at the 25% uniform tax rate, which could have an impact on our effective tax rate and an adverse effect on our net income and results of operations, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations.
Dividends payable by us to our foreign investors and gain on the sale of our ADSs or ordinary shares may become subject to taxes under PRC tax laws.
Under the EIT Law and implementation regulations issued by the State Council, PRC withholding tax at the rate of 10% is applicable to dividends payable to investors that are "non-resident enterprises," which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC, or which have such establishment or place of business but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends have their sources within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or shares by such investors is also subject to 10% PRC income tax if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. The implementation regulations of the EIT Law set forth that, (i) if the enterprise that distributes dividends is domiciled in the PRC, or (ii) if gains are realized from transferring equity interest of enterprises domiciled in the PRC, then such dividends or capital gains are treated as China-sourced income. It is not clear how "domicile" may be interpreted under the EIT Law, and it may be interpreted as the
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jurisdiction where the enterprise is a tax resident. Therefore, if we are considered a PRC "resident enterprise," the dividends we pay with respect to our ordinary shares or ADSs, or the gain you may realize from the transfer of our ordinary shares or ADSs, may be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%. Furthermore, it is unclear in these circumstances whether holders of our ordinary shares or ADSs would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties entered into between China and other countries or regions. If we are required under the EIT Law to withhold PRC income tax on dividends payable to our non-PRC investors that are "non-resident enterprises," or if you are required to pay PRC income tax on the transfer of our ordinary shares or ADSs, the value of your investment in our ordinary shares or ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
Furthermore, if we are considered a "resident enterprise" and relevant PRC tax authorities consider dividends we pay with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares and the gains realized from the transfer of our ADSs or ordinary shares to be income derived from sources within the PRC, such gains earned by non-resident individuals may be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 20%. See "Item 4. Information of the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations of Our Industry—Regulations Regarding the Enterprise Income Tax and Dividend Withholding Tax." If we are required under PRC law to withhold PRC income tax on dividends payable to our non-PRC investors that are non-resident individuals or if you are required to pay PRC income tax on the transfer of our ordinary shares or ADSs, the value of your investment in our ordinary shares or ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
We may be required to register our operating offices outside of our residence addresses as branch companies under PRC law.
Under PRC law, a company setting up premises outside its residence address for business operations must register such operating offices with the relevant local administration for industry and commerce at the place where such premises are located as branch companies and shall obtain business licenses for such branches. Our PRC subsidiary and certain affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries have operations at locations outside of their respective residence addresses. If the PRC regulatory authorities determine that we are in violation of relevant laws and regulations, we may be subject to relevant penalties, including fines, confiscation of income, and suspension of operation. If we are subject to these penalties, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Our quarterly revenues and operating results may fluctuate, which makes our results of operations difficult to predict and may cause our quarterly results of operations to fall short of expectations.
Our quarterly revenues and operating results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate depending upon a number of factors, many of which are out of our control. For these reasons, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. Our quarterly and annual net revenues and costs and expenses as a percentage of our net revenues may be significantly different from our historical or projected rates. Our operating results in future quarters may fall below expectations. Any of these events could cause the price of our ADSs to fall. Other factors that may affect our financial results include, among others:
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- global economic conditions;
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- our ability to identify and secure distribution rights for films on favorable terms;
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- the box office success of our films;
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- the release dates of our films and any changes in the release dates;
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- our ability to secure funding for films on favorable terms and effectively control costs;
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- our ability to maximize the value of our films;
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- consumer spending patterns and box office trends in China
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- growth of film infrastructure in China;
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- changes in government policies or regulations, or their enforcement;
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- geopolitical events or natural disasters such as war, threat of war, earthquake or epidemics.
Our operating results tend to be seasonal, such as due to holidays and the summer release season when movie theater attendance has traditionally been highest. In addition, consumer spending on discretionary items, including entertainment, can be affected by overall economic conditions as well as consumers' budgeting and buying patterns.
Recent press reports concerning possible increased scrutiny by Chinese authorities of the variable interest entity, or VIE, structure used by us and various other Chinese companies publicly-traded in the United States appear to have created concern among investors and caused the price of our common stock to drop, and such reports may have such an effect in the future.
We operate a VIE structure in which substantially all of our operations in China are conducted by our affiliated consolidated entities, in which we do not own any equity interest, through our contractual arrangements. In the recent past, various prominent Western news outlets reported that the PRC Ministry of Commerce and the China Securities Regulatory Commission, among other Chinese regulatory authorities, may be considering increased scrutiny or enhanced regulation of Chinese companies that use VIE structures to conduct certain businesses in which foreign investment is prohibited or restricted under PRC law, including film and entertainment businesses in which we are engaged. Some of such news reports have also sought to draw a connection between recent widely reported accounting issues at certain Chinese companies and the use of VIE structures. Such news reports appear to have had the effect of causing significant drops in the market prices of the shares of several Chinese companies, including us, that are publicly-traded in the United States. We believe even if any such Chinese regulatory authorities were to increase scrutiny of VIE structures or adopt regulations specifically governing their use, the possibility is remote that any such scrutiny would have a material adverse impact on us or cause us to change our existing operational structure in any materially adverse way. However, it is possible that there will be such increased scrutiny or enhanced regulation in the future. In addition, while we are not aware of any causal connection between the reported accounting scandals and the use of VIE structures, it is possible that investors in our common stock will believe that such a connection exists. Any of such circumstances could lead to further loss of investor confidence in Chinese companies such as ours and cause fluctuations in the market prices of our common stock and, if such prices were to drop sharply, could subject us to shareholder litigation, which could cause the price for our shares to drop further.
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Risks Relating to our ADSs
The market price for our ADSs has experienced volatility since our ADSs began trading on NASDAQ and may be subject to fluctuations in the future. Any such volatility could result in a loss to you.
The trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations. Our ADSs were first traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol "BONA" on December 9, 2010. During the period from December 9, 2010 until April 24, 2013, the trading prices of our ADSs ranged from US$3.50 to US$8.50 per ADS and the closing sale price on April 24, 2013 was US$4.01 per ADS.
The trading price for our ADSs may continue to be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, including but not limited to:
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- announcements of competitive developments;
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- regulatory developments in China affecting us, our clients or our competitors;
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- announcements regarding litigation or administrative proceedings involving us;
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- actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results;
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- changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;
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- addition or departure of our executive officers; and
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- sales or perceived sales of additional equity securities.
We cannot assure you that the price of our ADSs will not decline.
Future equity issuances, substantial future sales or perceived sales of our equity securities could cause the price of our equity securities to decline.
Future equity issuances, sales of our equity securities or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our equity securities to decline. We cannot assure you that our substantial shareholders will not dispose of the equity securities held by them or that we will not issue equity securities in the future. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that any future sales of equity securities by our substantial shareholders, or the availability of equity securities for sale by our substantial shareholders, or the issuance of equity securities by our company may have on the market price of our equity securities. Sales or issuance of substantial amounts of equity securities by the substantial shareholders or us, or the market perception that such sales or issuance may occur, could materially and adversely affect the prevailing market price of our ADSs.
As of April 15, 2013, we had 30,402,346 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, including 9,663,843 ordinary shares represented by 19,327,686 ADSs. All ADSs sold in our initial public offering are freely transferable without restriction or additional registration under the Securities Act of 1933 of the United States, as amended, or the Securities Act. In addition, ordinary shares that certain option holders will receive when they exercise their share options will not be available for sale until the expiration of any relevant lock-up periods, subject to volume and other restrictions that may be applicable under Rule 144 and Rule 701 under the Securities Act. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on the market price of our ADSs.
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In addition, certain of our shareholders or their transferees and assignees will have the right to cause us to register the sale of their shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States under the Securities Act upon the occurrence of certain circumstances. See "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Private Placements." Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. Sales of these registered shares in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.
Anti-takeover provisions in our memorandum and articles of association may discourage a third party from offering to acquire our company, which could limit your opportunity to sell your ADSs at a premium.
Our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association which became effective upon completion of our initial public offering includes provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire control of us or modify our structure. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of us in a tender offer or similar transaction.
For example, our board of directors will have the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preference shares in one or more series and to fix the powers and rights of these shares, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares. Preference shares could thus be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control or make removal of management more difficult. In addition, if our board of directors issues preference shares, the market price of our ordinary shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares may be adversely affected.
You may experience dilution because of the issuance of shares pursuant to the awards or options granted under the share incentive plans.
We have granted share options to eligible participants under the 2009 share incentive plan and 2010 share incentive plan, including employees and non-employees of our Company and our subsidiaries. Further details of the share incentive plans are summarized in "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation of Directors, Supervisors and Executive Officers—Share Incentive Plans". The granting of shares under the share incentive plans and the exercise of share options by the eligible grantees would result in an increase in the number of shares in issue, and may result in dilution to the percentage of ownership of our shareholders, and the earnings per ordinary share or ADS and the net asset value per ordinary share or ADS.
We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, which could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors.
Based upon the past and projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, including any goodwill, we do not believe we were a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for our taxable year ending December 31, 2012 and we do not expect to become one for the current year or in the future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. If, however, we were a PFIC, such characterization could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences to you if you are a U.S. investor. For example, if we are a PFIC, our U.S. investors may become subject to increased tax liabilities under United States federal income tax laws and regulations and will become subject to burdensome reporting requirements. The determination of whether or not we are a PFIC is made on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of our income and assets from time to time. Specifically, we will be classified as a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes if either:
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(i) 75% or more of our gross income in a taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of our assets by value in a taxable year which produce or are held for the production of passive income (which includes cash) is at least 50%. The calculation of the value of our assets will be based, in part, on the then market value of our ADSs, which is subject to change. We cannot assure you that we were not a PFIC for 2012 or that we will not be a PFIC for this or any future taxable year. Moreover, the determination of our PFIC status is based on an annual determination that cannot be made until the close of a taxable year and involves extensive factual investigation. This investigation includes ascertaining the fair market value of all of our assets on a quarterly basis and the character of each item of income we earn, which cannot be completed until the close of a taxable year, and therefore, our U.S. counsel expresses no opinion with respect to our PFIC status. See "Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—Passive Foreign Investment Company."
We are a Cayman Islands company and, because judicial precedent regarding the rights of shareholders is more limited under Cayman Islands law than under U.S. law, you may have less protection of your shareholder rights than you would under U.S. law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association as amended and restated from time to time, the Cayman Islands Companies Law (as amended) and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as that from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. In addition, some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. Furthermore, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. As a result, public shareholders may have more difficulties in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as shareholders of a Delaware company.
Judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.
We are a Cayman Islands company and substantially all of our assets are located outside of the United States. Substantially all of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors. Moreover, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether such Cayman Islands or PRC courts would be competent to hear original actions brought in the Cayman Islands or the PRC against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state.
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Holders of ADSs must act through the depositary to exercise their rights as shareholders of our company.
Holders of our ADSs do not have the same rights of our shareholders and may only exercise the voting rights with respect to the underlying ordinary shares in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement for the ADSs. Under our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the minimum notice period required to convene a general meeting is seven days. When a general meeting is convened, holders of our ADSs may not receive sufficient notice of a shareholders' meeting to permit them to withdraw their ordinary shares to allow them to cast their vote with respect to any specific matter. In addition, the depositary and its agents may not be able to send voting instructions to holders of our ADSs or carry out their voting instructions in a timely manner. We will make all reasonable efforts to cause the depositary to extend voting rights to holders of our ADSs in a timely manner, but we cannot assure them that they will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that they can instruct the depositary to vote their ADSs. Furthermore, the depositary and its agents will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. As a result, holders of our ADSs may not be able to exercise their right to vote and they may lack recourse if their ADSs are not voted as they requested. In addition, in the capacity as an ADS holder, they will not be able to call a shareholders' meeting.
The depositary for our ADSs will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying ADSs if a holder of our ADSs does not vote at shareholders' meetings, except in limited circumstances, which could adversely affect their interests.
Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying ADSs at shareholders' meetings if a holder of our ADSs does not vote, unless:
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- we have failed to timely provide the depositary with our notice of meeting and related voting materials;
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- we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given;
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- we have informed the depositary that there is substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting; or
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- a matter to be voted on at the meeting would have a material adverse impact on shareholders.
The effect of this discretionary proxy is that a holder of our ADSs cannot prevent our ordinary shares underlying such ADSs from being voted, absent the situations described above, and it may make it more difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our company. Holders of our ordinary shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.
Holders of our ADSs may be subject to limitations on transfers of ADSs.
ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deems it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
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The rights of holders of our ADSs to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to their holdings and they may not receive cash dividends if it is impractical to make them available to them.
We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to holders of our ADSs in the United States unless we register the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. Also, under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not make rights available to holders of our ADSs unless either both the rights and any related securities are registered under the Securities Act, or the distribution of them to ADS holders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. Moreover, we may not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, holders of our ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings.
In addition, the depositary has agreed to pay to holders of our ADSs the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. Holders of our ADSs will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary shares their ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may decide not to distribute such property and holders of our ADSs will not receive any such distribution.
Item 4. Information on the Company
Our affiliated consolidated entity, Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd., a PRC company whose primary business was the distribution of films and related activities, was established in 2003. To facilitate investments by financial investors and as part of the reorganization we subsequently conducted in 2007, we incorporated Bona International Film Group Limited in the British Virgin Islands on December 13, 2006, which became the parent company of Bona New World, our wholly owned subsidiary in the PRC. On July 8, 2010, we incorporated Bona Film Group Limited in the Cayman Islands as a listing vehicle for our initial public offering. Bona Film Group Limited became our ultimate holding company when it issued one preferred or ordinary share to existing shareholders of Bona International Film Group Limited on November 10, 2010, in exchange for every 16 of the respective preferred or ordinary shares that these shareholders held in Bona International Film Group Limited.
We currently conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries in the PRC and Hong Kong and our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries in the PRC.
We operate our businesses in China through our affiliated consolidated entities due to PRC regulations that prohibit or restrict foreign investments in the film, television program and talent agency industries and impose qualifications for foreign investors in the advertising industry. We have three affiliated consolidated entities in China that operate our businesses in China, each of which is an entity duly formed under PRC law. All of the outstanding equity interests in our affiliated consolidated entities are held by Mr. Dong Yu, his brother Mr. Hai Yu and another affiliated consolidated entity, with the exception of Beijing Bona Advertising Co., Ltd., 3% of the outstanding equity interest of which is held by Mr. Zhong Jiang, our independent director.
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In July 2007, Bona New World, our PRC subsidiary, entered into a series of contractual arrangements with each of the affiliated consolidated entities and their respective shareholders (other than with Poly Film Investment Co., Ltd., an unaffiliated third party that had then held 10% of the equity interest in Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd.) to govern our relationships with the affiliated consolidated entities. These contractual arrangements allow us to effectively control the affiliated consolidated entities and to derive substantially all of the economic benefits from them. See "—C. Organizational Structure—Contractual Arrangements with Our Affiliated Consolidated Entities" below. Accordingly, we treat these companies as variable interest entities and have consolidated their historical financial results in our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
In April 2010, we entered into a series of transactions to acquire Beijing Bona Cineplex and Beijing Bona Youtang, two companies focused on the movie theater business in the PRC. These companies were beneficially owned by Mr. Dong Yu, our chairman and chief executive officer, and his immediate family member. The total consideration comprised 5,810,320 newly issued ordinary shares and the settlement of US$5.3 million that Mr. Dong Yu owed to us.
On December 14, 2010, we completed our initial public offering, in which we offered and sold 5,870,000 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs, raising US$92.8 million in proceeds before expenses to us.
In July 2011, we entered a series of agreements to acquire Alpha Speed Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and Bona Starlight, a PRC company which held five subsidiaries at the time of the acquisition primarily focused on the movie theater business in the PRC. Prior to the acquisitions, Alpha Speed Limited was owned 51% by Skillgreat Limited, which is wholly owned by Mr. Dong Yu, and Bona Starlight was also owned 51% by Mr. Dong Yu. We acquired Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight with total cash consideration of US$30.9 million, of which US$3.1 million was settled as an offset against the amount that our Company was owed by Mr. Dong Yu, and the remaining amount of which had been fully paid as of December 31, 2012. After the acquisition, we developed and opened nine new movie theaters, Beijing Bona Jingpin Cineplex Management Co., Ltd., Beijing Bona Tianshi Cineplex Management Co., Ltd., Dongguan Bona Dongsheng Cineplex Investment Co., Ltd., Tianjin Nongken Bona Film Investment Co., Ltd., Fenghua Bona Cineplex Management Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Bona Shidai Cinema Investment Management Co., Ltd. Longgang Branch, Suzhou Bona Lifeng Cineplex Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai Bona Zhongyuan Management and Consulting Co., Ltd. and Shijiazhuang Bona Cinema Investment Management Co., Ltd. Hefei Branch.
In November 2011, we entered into an agreement to acquire up to 500,000 Series A preferred shares of China Lion Entertainment Limited, representing 20% of the company's total issued shares, for a total consideration of US$1.7 million. As of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, we have purchased 352,941 Series A preferred shares of China Lion Entertainment Limited for an aggregate consideration of US$1.2 million. The purchase of this strategic equity stake complements our international distribution capabilities in U.S. and Canada.
On May 13, 2012, Mr. Dong Yu, Skillgreat Limited, our company and NCIH, Inc. entered into a share purchase agreement, or the NCIH share purchase agreement, pursuant to which Skillgreat Limited sold to NCIH, Inc. a total of 6,050,067 ordinary shares at a purchase price of US$11.40 per ordinary share for an aggregate of approximately US$69.0 million. The sale of the ordinary shares was consummated through four closings from May 21, 2012 to May 25, 2012. In connection with the NCIH share purchase agreement, on May 21, 2012, Mr. Dong Yu, Skillgreat Limited, our company and NCIH, Inc. entered into an investor rights agreement, which is further described in "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions—Agreements with Affiliates of News Corporation—Investor Rights Agreement with NCIH." As of April 15, 2013, NCIH, Inc. owned approximately 19.90% of our outstanding share capital.
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In order to remain a major shareholder of our company, Skillgreat Limited entered into four separate securities transfer agreements, each dated as of May 11, 2012, with Sequoia Funds, SIG China Investments One, Ltd., Matrix Partners China Funds and Eagle Power Group Limited (each an existing security holder of our company), or the selling shareholders, respectively, pursuant to which Skillgreat Limited purchased from the selling shareholders an aggregate of 3,550,067 ordinary shares for consideration of US$11.40 per ordinary share, or approximately US$40.5 million in total.
Our principal executive offices are located at 11/F, Guan Hu Garden 3, 105 Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100025, People's Republic of China, and our phone number is +(86) 10 5928 3663. Effective as of May 1, 2013, our principal executive offices will be located at 18/F, Tower 1, U-town Office Building, No. 1 San Feng Bei Li, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China, and our phone number will change to +(86) 10 5631 0700.
Overview
We are a leading film distributor in China. A small number of our films, typically ones that are released during the peak seasons, account for a substantial portion of our net revenue each year. Our remaining films generate lower net revenue but generally have lower costs for the acquisition of distribution rights or production. Our top five films each year in 2010, 2011 and 2012 accounted for 53.5%, 58.3% and 37.4% of our net revenue in those respective years. From our inception in November 2003 to December 31, 2012, we distributed 171 films (including 47 films internationally), and we generally distribute between 16 and 20 films theatrically each year on average.
We believe that our brand name and reputation in the film industry, our experience in film distribution and marketing, our collaborations with other domestic and international film industry players, and our management's access to key industry participants enable us to identify and secure distribution rights for promising film projects.
We distribute films through virtually all of the theater circuits in China. We are able to gain distribution rights to a wider selection of films in China through joint distribution arrangements with industry participants such as the state-owned China Film Group Corporation. We have also distributed 35 Chinese films (including Hong Kong films) internationally since the beginning of 2009, and we generated US$5.7 million, US$10.7 million and US$10.7 million in net revenue from international distribution of Chinese films (including Hong Kong films) in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Although our international film distribution business has not historically made a significant contribution to our results of operations, it has accounted for an increasing proportion of our net revenue. We believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of the increasing popularity of Chinese films abroad, given our track record of international distribution, the distribution arrangements we have established with film distributors in markets including Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia, as well as a letter of intent for film co-development, co-production and co-distribution we entered into with Fox International Productions (Greater China) Limited in October 2012 and a co-production term sheet we entered into with Universal Studios and Working Title Films in the fourth quarter 2012. We have also expanded into non-theatrical distribution channels, including home video products, digital distribution and television. As films continue to generate an increasing proportion of our revenue from non-theatrical sources, we expect to continue to develop new and existing relationships to maximize the value of our distribution business and our film portfolio.
In addition to our film distribution and film and television production operations, we owned and operated 20 movie theaters in commercial districts and residential areas in several major cities in China as of December 31, 2012. Our movie theaters are affiliated with leading theater circuits in China and provide our audiences with modern facilities. Theater circuits are mandated by PRC laws and regulations to negotiate the terms of arrangements for the exhibition of films and provide film prints to
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movie theaters. Consistent with industry practice in China, these theater circuits charge an industry standard rate for their services, and we as film distributors are responsible for making and delivering film prints of both digital and traditional films to them. We began operating our movie theater business in 2010 and we increased the number of movie theaters we operate from six as of April 30, 2010 to 20 as of December 31, 2012. Our movie theater business generated net income of US$0.4 million from April 23 to December 31, 2010, net loss of US$0.2 million for 2011 and net loss of US$1.6 million for 2012. Our talent agency business leverages our relationships in the film and entertainment industry and gives us additional insight into upcoming film projects, while providing us with another source of promising film opportunities. We leverage our films and movie theater operations to attract advertisers. We also believe that our movie theaters under the "Bona" brand, our ability to sell advertising in the films we exhibit and our representation of artists through our talent agency add to the strength of our business and assist in building a brand which we believe is synonymous with high quality films in China.
We generated net revenue of US$52.8 million, US$126.2 million and US$142.3 million in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. We had a net loss of US$4.2 million in 2010, net income of US$14.6 million in 2011 and net loss of US$1.6 million in 2012. Our net loss in 2010 included a loss of US$14.5 million from changes in fair value of derivatives. Excluding share-based compensation, changes in fair value of warrants and changes in fair value of derivatives, our non-GAAP net income for 2010, 2011 and 2012, was US$10.8 million, US$18.2 million and US$3.2 million, respectively. For a reconciliation of our non-GAAP net income to the U.S. GAAP net income, see footnote (1) to our summary consolidated statement of operations data included in "Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data.". The redemption terms of our preferred shares were amended in August 2010, and as a result, we have ceased to recognize derivative liabilities and change in fair value of derivatives from the date of such amendment.
Film Distribution
Our core business is the distribution of films produced in China and Hong Kong to theater circuits in China. From our inception in November 2003 to December 31, 2012, we distributed 171 films, including 47 films internationally. The films we distributed have earned numerous industry awards, including Hong Kong Film Awards and Golden Horse Awards, and received recognition at prominent international film festivals, including the Venice International Film Festival and the Berlin Film Festival. We distribute (i) films produced by third-party production studios for which we have distribution rights and (ii) films we produced and in which we hold ownership interests in the copyright. We generally distribute between 16 and 20 films theatrically per year on average. In 2012, we distributed 15 films theatrically, three of which we own all of the copyright and four of which we own part of the copyright through our participation in the financing of the film. In 2010, 2011 and 2012, we distributed 13, 15 and 17 films, representing box receipts of RMB450.5 million, RMB1,158.9 million and RMB686.7 million (US$108.9 million), respectively.
Our film distribution activities primarily consist of (i) film sourcing, which includes identifying quality film projects with commercial potential and securing film distribution rights, (ii) print and marketing, which includes coordinating the distribution of film prints to theater circuits, as well as conducting marketing and publicity campaigns to promote the films to their target audiences, (iii) exhibition, which includes negotiating the terms of exhibitions of films in domestic and international movie theaters as well as through non-theatrical distribution channels, and (iv) film advertising, which includes the sale of approximately three minutes advertising time immediately prior to the start of the theatrical screening of a film, in-film product placements and cross-promotion campaigns.
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The following table lists a selection of the films we distributed since January 1, 2010, including in the case of foreign films, those of which we assisted in marketing:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Title | | Release Date | | Principal Cast | | Genre | | Revenue Sources | | Domestic Gross Box Office | |
---|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | (RMB millions)
| |
---|
Princess and Seven Kungfu Masters
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g480997.jpg) | | March 8, 2013 | | Sammo Hung, Eric Tsang, Sandra Ng
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g228036.jpg) | | Comedy | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 66.7 | |
The Flying Machine
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g871508.jpg) | | February 2, 2013 | | Lang Lang, Heather Graham
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g475489.jpg) | | Animation | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 0.7 | |
Bring Happiness Home
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g132677.jpg) | | January 15, 2013 | | He Jiong, Orfila Wu, Nana Xie
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g218307.jpg) | | Comedy | | Distribution | | | 153.5 | |
The Grandmasters
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g622828.jpg) | | January 8, 2013 | | Tony Leung, Ziyi Zhang
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g517540.jpg) | | Martial Arts | | Participation/Distribution | | | 287.1 | |
The Last Tycoon
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g172806.jpg) | | December 18, 2012 | | Chow Yun-Fat, Sammo Hung
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g157593.jpg) | | Drama | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 149.2 | |
The Next 11 Days
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g167860.jpg) | | November 1, 2012 | | Yuanzheng Feng
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g966964.jpg) | | Drama | | Copyright/ Distribution | | | 6.7 | |
The Cold Light of Day
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g301611.jpg) | | October 12, 2012 | | Henry Cavill, Bruce Willis, Sigourney Weaver | | Action/Thriller | | Distribution | | | 8.2 | |
The Lion Roars 2
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g206468.jpg) | | August 17, 2012 | | Cecilia Cheung, Shenyang Xiao
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g791300.jpg) | | Action/Comedy | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 71.1 | |
Naked Weapon
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g1027042.jpg) | | July 13, 2012 | | Sammo Hung, Jennifer Tse
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g908925.jpg) | | Action | | Distribution | | | 4.6 | |
Seafood
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g961991.jpg) | | June 28, 2012 | | — | | Animation | | Distribution | | | 2.2 | |
The Three Musketeers
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g796298.jpg) | | May 15, 2012 | | Logan Lerman, Milla Jovovich, Orlando Bloom | | Action/Adventure | | Distribution | | | 39.6 | |
Snowfall in Taipei
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g263765.jpg) | | April 1, 2012 | | Berlin Chen, Yao Tong
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g562219.jpg) | | Drama | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 1.9 | |
A Simple Life
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g26342.jpg) | | March 8, 2012 | | Andy Lau, Deannie Yip
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g610405.jpg) | | Drama | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 70.8 | |
Truth or Dare
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g553512.jpg) | | February 14, 2012 | | Zhang Wen, Weide Huang, Pu Miao
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g659826.jpg) | | Romantic Comedy | | Distribution | | | 15.3 | |
Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf 4
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g708776.jpg) | | January 12, 2012 | | — | | Animation | | Distribution | | | 48.1 | |
The Great Magician
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g283411.jpg) | | January 12, 2012 | | Tony Leung, Xun Zhou, Ching Wan Lau
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g507087.jpg) | | Historical Drama | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 174.1 | |
Flying Swords of Dragon Gate
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g319453.jpg) | | December 15, 2011 | | Jet Lee, Xun Zhou, Kun Chen, Lun Mei Kwai
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g204568.jpg) | | 3D martial Arts | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 557.4 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Title | | Release Date | | Principal Cast | | Genre | | Revenue Sources | | Domestic Gross Box Office | |
---|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | (RMB millions)
| |
---|
The Sorcerer and the White Snake
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g233100.jpg) | | September 28, 2011 | | Jet Lee, Shengyi Huang, Charlene Choi, Raymond Lam
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g635175.jpg) | | Martial Arts | | Distribution | | | 205.2 | |
Source Code
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g543195.jpg) | | August 30, 2011 | | Jake Gyllenhaal, Vera Farmiga, Michelle Monaghan | | Action/Thriller | | Distribution | | | 69.9 | |
Overheard 2
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g459183.jpg) | | August 18, 2011 | | Ching Wan Lau, Louis Koo, Daniel Wu
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g25201.jpg) | | Crime Thriller | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 214.0 | |
Night Market Hero
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g183497.jpg) | | July 12, 2011 | | Lan Chin Lung
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g362633.jpg) | | Comedy | | Distribution | | | 1.3 | |
Treasure Inn
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g49954.jpg) | | June 28, 2011 | | Nicholas Tse, Nick Cheung, Charlene Choi
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g92396.jpg) | | Martial Arts Comedy | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 101.1 | |
Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf 3
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g551278.jpg) | | January 21, 2011 | | — | | Animation | | Distribution | | | 40.6 | |
A Beautiful Life
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g897258.jpg) | | May 13, 2011 | | Ye Liu, Qi Shu
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g380799.jpg) | | Drama | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 20.0 | |
What Women Want
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g292595.jpg) | | February 2, 2011 | | Andy Lau, Gong Li, Li Yuan
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g215171.jpg) | | Romantic Comedy | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 63.8 | |
The Road Less Travelled
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g359849.jpg) | | December 31, 2010 | | Louis Koo, Karen Mok, Yi Huang
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g848088.jpg) | | Drama | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 6.7 | |
Just Call Me Nobody
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g824279.jpg) | | December 3, 2010 | | Benshan Zhao, Shenyang Xiao, Kelly Lin
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g469338.jpg) | | Martial Arts Comedy | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 151.0 | |
Triple Tap
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g923212.jpg) | | July 2, 2010 | | Louis Koo, Daniel Wu, Li Bing Bing, Charlene Choi, Chapman To, Alex Fong, Andrew Lin, Lam Suet, Michael Wong
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g522337.jpg) | | Action | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 126.4 | |
Fire of Conscience
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g152241.jpg) | | April 1, 2010 | | Leon Lai, Richie Ren
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g775385.jpg) | | Action | | Primary Distribution | | | 18.4 | |
My Iz Budushchego (Russia)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g188801.jpg) | | March 5, 2010 | | Boris Galki, Daniil Strakhov, Yekaterina Klimova | | Action/Drama | | Marketing Assistance | | | 11.4 | |
Like a Dream
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g967540.jpg) | | February 2, 2010 | | Daniel Wu, Quan Yuan
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g970447.jpg) | | Drama | | Copyright/Distribution | | | 0.8 | |
Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf 2
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g535249.jpg) | | January 29, 2010 | | — | | Animation | | Distribution | | | 21.7 | |
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The following table lists a selection of unreleased films in our pipeline.
| | | | | | |
Title | | Director | | Principal Cast | | Genre |
---|
Christmas Rose(1)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g674420.jpg) | | Charlie Yeung
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g16594.jpg) | | Aaron Kwok, Lunmei Kwa
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g841808.jpg) | | Drama |
To Love Somebody(1)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g24328.jpg) | | Francis Sung
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g541793.jpg) | | Blue Lan, Tong Lei
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g248377.jpg) | | Drama |
My Lucky Star(1)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g87591.jpg) | | Dennie Gordon | | Ziyi Zhang Leehom Wang
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g455213.jpg) | | Romantic Comedy |
Mortitian(1)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g729252.jpg) | | Cub Chin Kong-Hon
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g93602.jpg) | | Beier Bao, Ruiwen Zhan
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g367355.jpg) | | Thriller |
Kuiba II(1)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g132295.jpg) | | Chuan Wang
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g81535.jpg) | | NA | | Animation |
Unbeatable(1)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g921131.jpg) | | Dante Lam
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g311041.jpg) | | Nick Cheung, Eddie Peng
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g407094.jpg) | | Action |
Inferno(1)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g834247.jpg) | | Oxide Pang, Danny Pang
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g35803.jpg) | | Sean Lau, Louis Koo
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g529943.jpg) | | 3D Action Thriller |
The Cartel War(1)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g720132.jpg) | | Benny Chan
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g856902.jpg) | | Sean Lau, Louis Koo
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g529943.jpg) | | Police Action |
The White-Haired Witch(1)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g647834.jpg) | | Jacob Cheung
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g958240.jpg) | | Bingbing Fan, Xiaoming Huang
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g356669.jpg) | | Martial Arts/3D |
Overheard 3(2)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g989846.jpg) | | Alan Mak, Felix Chong
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g425591.jpg) | | Sean Lau, Louis Koo
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g529943.jpg) | | Crime Thriller |
Tracks in the Snowy Forest(3)
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g505746.jpg) | | Tsui Hark
![CHINESE_TEXT](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g9512.jpg) | | To be determined | | 3D Epic Drama |
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- (1)
- Planned 2013 release, in production or post production
- (2)
- Tentatively slated for 2013 release, in pre-production
- (3)
- Tentatively planned projects
Film Sourcing
Film project identification. We identify promising film projects through a variety of sources, including collaboration with industry players, our management's relationships, and contacts in the film and entertainment industry. We believe that our brand name and reputation in the film industry, our experience in film distribution and marketing in China, our collaborations with other domestic and industry players and our management's access to key industry participants enable us to identify and secure distribution rights for promising film projects.
Distribution rights acquisition. The decision to acquire distribution rights is made collectively by our senior management, supported by analysis based on a variety of factors, which typically include a film's expected critical reception, marketability and potential for box office success, as well as the cost to acquire the film, the estimated distribution and marketing expenses required to bring the film to its widest possible target audience and ancillary market potential post theatrical release.
We seek to structure our distribution arrangements to achieve the desired balance of risk and benefits of the commercial success of a film. We may acquire distribution rights through a variety of arrangements, including (i) buy-off distribution arrangements, in which we pay a fixed amount to producer upfront to acquire the distribution rights with no obligation to share box office proceeds with the producer, (ii) commission-based distribution arrangements, in which we do not pay any fixed amount to the producer, but instead share a proportion of the box office proceeds with the producer, and (iii) minimum guarantee distributions, in which we receive a higher proportion of the box office proceeds, subject to paying the producer the amount of any shortfalls from a minimum amount.
We typically enter into distribution agreements during the post-production stage of a film, which improves our ability to evaluate the market potential of the film, reduces the risk of delays in the film's completion and enables us to evaluate the optimal distribution arrangement for the film. However, we may enter into distribution arrangements prior to the production of certain films, such as big budget blockbusters or where certain high-profile actors or directors are involved, or films of which we invest in production. We generally seek to acquire full distribution rights that cover movie theater distribution, international distribution, as well as distribution through home video products, digital distribution, television and other channels. We generally seek arrangements where we are reimbursed by film producers for the expenses we incur in marketing and promoting their films, and agree to waive such reimbursements in limited circumstances.
In addition to exclusive distribution arrangements, we also selectively enter into a range of joint distribution arrangements that significantly increase our exposure to high quality films and enhance our distribution opportunities, and by which we share the risks inherent in film distribution. For example, we collaborated with Huaxia Film Distribution Co., Ltd. to jointly distributeThe Three Musketeers in 2012.
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Print and Marketing
We coordinate the printing and distribution of film prints to theater circuits in China. We also conduct cost-effective marketing and publicity campaigns to promote the films to their target audiences by integrating a broad spectrum of advertising media, including television, print, billboards and the Internet. As part of our marketing work, we also organize appearances of the actors and directors of the films on television programs and at other events to promote the films.
Under our distribution agreements, we are reimbursed by film producers for the expenses we incur in the printing, marketing and promotion of their films, and agree to waive such reimbursements in limited circumstances. The reimbursement is done by deducting costs incurred in printing, marketing and a film from the box office receipts of the film, prior to the calculation of our fee or of the remaining box office receipts to which we are entitled or that we share with the producers of the film.
Distribution Channels
Domestic. We generally pace the release of films we distribute to avoid scheduling conflicts with other films we have agreed to distribute and time the release of these films during favorable time periods, such as holiday seasons. We configure release schedules taking into account moviegoer attendance patterns and competition from other distributors' scheduled theatrical releases. We grant exhibition rights of the films we distribute to theater circuits throughout China on a film-by-film basis. We typically give a theater circuit the right to exhibit the film in exchange for a fixed percentage of the box office receipts they generate. Ticket prices are typically set based on the city and district where a theater is located, the appeal and marketability of the film, and other competitive and market factors, such as its proximity to other theaters. Our agreements with the theater circuits will also specify the period during which they may exhibit the film, which will generally depend on the box office performance of each film. Marketable films that are expected to have high box office admissions revenue will generally have longer licensing terms compared to films with more uncertain performance potential and popularity. We have exhibition arrangements with virtually all theater circuits in China, including Wanda, China Film Group Digital Circuits, Shanghai United, Beijing New Film and China Film South. We distributed 11, 11 and 12 domestic films (including Hong Kong films) in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
We have maintained good relationships with leading theater circuits, not only through our film distribution business as a supplier, but also through our movie theater business as a customer. We believe theater circuits value their relationships with us because we offer them access to our pipeline of approximately 16 to 20 films annually on average in a variety of genres as well as a share of revenue from our movie theaters, which in turn enhances our ability to negotiate desirable exhibition schedules and screen runs, as well as prominent positions in marketing and publicity campaigns for our films. In addition, through our interactions with theater circuits as both a supplier and customer, we believe we gain better insight into the pipeline of competing films to help us optimize our film release schedule accordingly.
The number of certain foreign films that may be exhibited in China on a box office sharing basis is limited by the PRC central government to approximately 20 films per year. In addition, there are separate quotas for films imported through the buy-off distribution method each year mainly from countries other than the United States and for 3-D films. The PRC government agreed, in February 2012 in connection with a World Trade Organization dispute settlement, to increase the number of foreign premium format films, such as 3-D or IMAX films, that may be imported into China by 14 films per year. Only China Film Group Film Distribution & Exhibition Corporation and Huaxia Film Distribution Co., Ltd., which are both state owned enterprises, are currently licensed to distribute foreign films in China, but companies like ourselves can enter into marketing assistance agreements with the state-owned enterprises to provide marketing assistance for such foreign films. Films produced in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (subject to certain requirements) do not fall within the foreign film quota limitation but are considered foreign films for purposes of government review and approval processes. We assisted in the marketing of two, one and two foreign films (excluding Hong Kong films) in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, with China Film Group Film Distribution & Exhibition
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Corporation and Huaxia Film Distribution Co., Ltd. We are also one of the most prominent distribution partners for leading players in the Hong Kong film industry, such as Derek Yee, Tsui Hark and Wong Jing. We believe our brand name and track record will position us to participate in foreign film distribution in China if current regulatory restrictions on who may distribute foreign films are eased or eliminated.
Our distribution of films in domestic theater circuits also includes exhibition through our own movie theaters. See "—Movie Theater Operations" below.
International. We conduct the international distribution of films on a territory-by-territory and film-by-film basis through cooperation with local third parties. Our international film distribution activities primarily consist of the licensing and sale of rights to distribution for films for which we have full distribution rights as well as films we produce or in which we have a partial or full interest in the copyright. Our licensing agreements with overseas partners, typically based on the Independent Film and Television Alliance standard form, set forth the relevant terms, including the distribution period, geographic area, licensing fees and scope of rights, such as distribution for theatrical screening only or including other exhibition methods such as DVD and other home video products, Internet and other digital distribution, in-flight entertainment and television.
We distribute films internationally, primarily in regions with large Chinese speaking populations, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Macau, and Taiwan, as well as in other Asian countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Korea and Japan generally through local distributors. We also arrange to distribute films that have broad box office appeal due to the involvement of internationally known directors and actors in the United States and Europe. In November 2011, we entered into an agreement to acquire a strategic equity stake in China Lion Entertainment Limited, which we believe will complement our film distribution capabilities in the United States and Canada. Based on our track record of distributing Chinese films internationally, we have cultivated relationships with distributors for foreign markets, including the CJ Group for Korea and Japan and Celestial Tiger Entertainment Limited for Southeast Asia. Our foreign distribution arrangements are on a film-by-film basis and typically provide us with a share of the overseas revenue of our films, subject to a minimum guarantee or advances payable to us. For certain regions and films, we may license or sell our foreign distribution rights for a share of the overseas revenue without a minimum guarantee or at fixed amount, with no share of the overseas revenue. In addition, we may also directly distribute the films to theater circuits in Hong Kong. In recent years, we have collaborated with 133 foreign distributors, to expand our distribution reach overseas. We categorize film distribution to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan as part of our international distribution operations.
Non-theatrical channels. As consumer preferences have developed and technological changes have increased the channels through which films may be distributed, we have expanded into non-theatrical distribution channels through our relationships with third parties. Our arrangements with non-theatrical distributors are typically made on a film-by-film basis. For films exhibited in movie theaters, our agreements typically establish an initial theater exhibition period during which no distribution other than through movie theaters may be made. Following the expiration of the theater exhibition period, we commence distribution of films through other channels. We also distribute films we produce through non-theatrical channels on a similar schedule.
Our primary non-theatrical distribution channels, in order of general timing of release, consist of:
- •
- Internet and digital distribution: We deliver films through a broad spectrum of digital media platforms. We have entered into digital delivery arrangements of our films with leading Chinese internet companies, including Le TV, Xunlei, Youku Tudou, Tencent, Iqiyi, Funshion and SMEG-BesTV.
- •
- In-flight entertainment: We distribute films for exhibition on the in-flight entertainment systems of airlines, through arrangements with AirMedia and Century Carnival, which deliver our films on airlines such as Cathay Pacific, DragonAir and Air China.
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- •
- Cable, satellite and broadcast television: We license our films as well as new products, such as television dramas, to major broadcast, cable and satellite channels such as CCTV-6, SMG and Celestial Movies Asia. We also distribute the televisions series that we produce to provincial satellite televisions stations in China, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Anhui and Zhejiang. For more information about our television series business, see "—Other Operations Along the Film Value Chain—Production—Television series."
As films continue to generate an increasing proportion of revenue from sources other than box office sales, we expect to continue to develop new and existing relationships to maximize the value of our distribution rights.
Film Advertising
The theatrical screening of a film generally includes over two minutes of advertising immediately prior to the start of the film. As the film's distributor, we are typically entitled, subject to the consents of the copyright owners, to sell approximately three minutes of the advertising time closest to the start of the film, while the remaining advertising time is sold by the movie theater operator (including by the movie theaters we operate). We generally sell time slots using a scaled pricing system with progressively more expensive slots, since audience attendance and attention tend to increase as the start of the film approaches. The number of advertising slots that can be shown will depend on the expected popularity of the film, the film screening schedule at the theater and the consent of the copyright owner. Popular and widely publicized films account for a disproportionate amount of advertising revenue, and there is considerably less demand for advertising time for other films.
Our distribution rights may entitle us to place in-film advertisements in the films we distribute, or license product placements in or cross promotion rights to these films. These advertising and promotional services are made on a film-by-film basis, with pricing determined by the popularity of the director and actors involved in the film, the expected box office appeal of the movie and the prominence and length of the advertisement or product placement, as applicable. As these advertising and promotional services are tailored to the individual client's needs, they are accordingly negotiated on a case-by-case basis.
Other Operations Along the Film Value Chain
Production
We invest in the production of domestic and Hong Kong films principally with the goal of obtaining distribution rights for movie theater and non-theatrical channels, including home video, digital media and television, both domestically and internationally.
Film production. We began investing in film production in 2007 and had partial or full copyrights in six, nine and seven films in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. By acquiring the distribution rights in addition to investing in film production, we gain greater control over the marketing and screening of the films and may reap additional share of the box office success of and revenue from non-theatrical channels from these films. In addition, by investing in film production, we may also provide input on key aspects of the film, such as the selection of the director and principal cast. The process of deciding to invest in a film is similar to that used in deciding whether to acquire distribution rights of a film. The decisions are made by senior management, who will consider factors such as a film's expected critical reception, marketability and potential for box office success, as well as the size of the investment, the timing of required cash outlays for production, the estimated distribution and marketing expenses required to bring the film to its widest possible target audience, and ancillary market potential after its theatrical release. We generally make the decision whether to invest in a film in the pre-production stage as a means of procuring distribution rights. We have invested in a total of 47 films that have been released as of December 31, 2012.
Collaborations. We also develop potential film production projects through collaborations with established and up-and-coming producers and directors. For example, we formed Cinema Popular with
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Peter Chan, one of the most experienced and recognized producers and directors in the Chinese industry to co-produceBodyguards and Assassins, a top box office performer in 2009 and winner of 19 nominations and eight awards at the 29th Hong Kong Film Festival. We believe these collaborative efforts and partnerships provide us with additional opportunities to identify and source potentially lucrative films for production or distribution, while also strengthening our brand and reputation.
Film financing. Film production and, to a lesser extent, distribution is a capital intensive activity. We fund the production and distribution of films through cash flow from our business, short-term loans as well as through syndication to other investors and producers. We manage the risks associated with committing to capital intensive film production projects in a number of ways. We limit the films we invest in to an appropriate proportion of the films we distribute. We determine this proportion based on a number of factors, including each film's likely box office appeal based on the director and actors participating in the film, its genre and subject matter, the amount of capital we have committed to other investment projects at that time and the availability of funding from bank borrowings and film participations. We do not limit our investment in films to a specific percentage or number of films but evaluate investment opportunities on a film-by-film basis while concentrating on diversifying our capital-at-risk. We either take the role of lead investor or co-investor with respect to a particular film. The role of lead investor generally entails a greater investment amount and therefore greater risk, but can also give us greater control over the production process and typically enables us to acquire copyrights to the film. In the role of lead investor, we typically syndicate our investment in film production to other investors who share the investment risk. We also include a portion of the total estimated production budget of the film as an administration fee from participating investors to cover costs we incur to manage the production process of the film. Alternatively, we also co-invest in films. Co-investment generally entails less risk than the lead investment role. We typically obtain distribution rights to films in which we co-investment, but do not obtain copyrights to these films.
We have access to bank borrowings for the financing of our film projects. Under our loan agreements with Beijing Dongcheng branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd., we had obtained loans with an aggregate principal amount of RMB50.0 million (US$8.0 million) outstanding as of December 31, 2012. We also had a term loan under our credit facility with CITIC Bank International Limited with principal amount of RMB27.8 million (US$4.5 million) outstanding as of December 31, 2012, which we repaid in full in January 2013. In addition, we have a revolving line of credit of US$20 million from East West Bank from which we drew down a principal amount of US$10 million in November 2012 and a principal amount of US$10 million in the first quarter of 2013.
Television series. Where our investment in film productions provides us with ownership of the copyright for the films, this enables us to extend the franchise of the films, such as through the development of television series based on the film script. For example, the television series we are currently producing include series based on our filmThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate, which is expected to be completed in 2013. While most of our television series are thematically based on our most popular films, we also produce television series that are independent of our films. For example, our television series,The King's Battles, premiered on December 28, 2012 and aired on four popular satellite TV stations, Beijing TV, Tianjin TV, Zhejiang TV and Anhui TV with industry leading rating performance. We generally collaborate with industry players, including artists, television channels and television production studios to develop our television series. Due to the fragmentation of the Chinese television industry, we often sell a single television series to multiple television stations, and PRC rules and regulations currently permit us to sell first-round broadcasting rights for each of our television series to up to four satellite television stations.
We operated 20 movie theaters, with 163 screens, in 12 cities in China as of December 31, 2012. The number of movie theaters we operated grew from six as of April 30, 2010 to 20 as of December 31, 2012, through the acquisition of Bona Starlight in July 2011 and the development of
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nine new movie theaters, including our first IMAX theater, which we opened in Tianjin in October 2012. We are currently in the process of developing six to eight new movie theaters in 2013. We intend to further increase the number of movie theaters we operate to approximately 30 to 40 by the end of 2014, primarily by developing new movie theaters. We develop new theaters by renting a piece of property (for example, in a shopping mall) and then refurbishing and installing movie theater equipment in the property.
Our movie theaters generate revenue primarily through sales of admissions, concessions and advertising prior to the start of each film and within the theater. We believe that our audiences are attracted to our movie theaters by the films we exhibit, the locations of our movie theaters and the overall entertainment experience we offer. Our movie theaters are located in major commercial districts or residential areas and provide our audiences with facilities and features such as stadium seating and state of the art projection and sound technologies. They are affiliated with leading theater circuits in China.
The following table sets forth details of our movie theaters as of December 31, 2012.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Movie Theater | | City/District | | Screens | | Total Seating Capacity | | Location Details |
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Beijing Bona Shunjing Cineplex | | Beijing | | | 10 | | | 1,236 | | Located in central Shunyi commercial district. |
Beijing Bona Huixin Cineplex | | Beijing | | | 11 | | | 1,263 | | Located in one of the most populated areas in Beijing; local population of over one million residents. |
Tianjin Bona Jinkang Cineplex | | Tianjin | | | 11 | | | 1,625 | | Located in one of the largest shopping malls in Tianjin near numerous major corporate offices; covers neighborhood with population of approximately 500,000. |
Chongqing Bona Yuexin Cineplex | | Chongqing | | | 9 | | | 1,082 | | Located in rapidly developing commercial district; local population of over one million residents. |
Changsha Mango Bona Cineplex | | Changsha, Hunan Province | | | 10 | | | 1,037 | | Located in central Changsha commercial district nearby numerous major international and domestic businesses and major office buildings. |
Bona Red Sparrow International Cineplex | | Xi'an, Shaanxi Province | | | 7 | | | 1,605 | | Located in second largest shopping mall in Xi'an near numerous major corporate offices; covers neighborhood with population of approximately 500,000. |
Bona Xintiandi International Cineplex | | Xi'an, Shaanxi Province | | | 9 | | | 1,932 | | Located in university district with over 40 colleges and universities; covers areas with population of approximately 500,000. |
Beijing Bona Youtang Cineplex | | Beijing | | | 7 | | | 1,161 | | Located in central Chaoyang commercial district nearby numerous major international and domestic businesses and major office buildings; one of the major meeting places for businesspeople and professionals. |
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| | | | | | | | | | |
Movie Theater | | City/District | | Screens | | Total Seating Capacity | | Location Details |
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Shanghai Bona Yinxing Cinema | | Shanghai | | | 5 | | | 767 | | Located in rapidly developing commercial district; local population of over one million residents. |
Shijiazhuang Bona Cinema | | Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province | | | 7 | | | 1,133 | | Located in large urban area otherwise underserved by theater facilities; total urban population of 2.3 million with over 400,000 neighborhood residents. |
Shenzhen Bona Shidai Cinema | | Shenzhen, Guangdong Province | | | 9 | | | 1,355 | | Located in central northern commercial district with daily pedestrian traffic of over 500,000. |
Beijing Bona Tianshi Cinema | | Beijing | | | 5 | | | 612 | | Located in the densely populated Tongzhou area on the south side of Beijing with over one million residents and mostly young professionals. |
Beijing Bona Jingpin Cinema | | Beijing | | | 6 | | | 810 | | Located in a large shopping mall on the west side of Beijing near rapidly developing districts with strong consumption power. |
Dongguan Bona Dongsheng Cinema | | Dongguan, Guangdong Province | | | 7 | | | 1,022 | | Located in downtown Dongguan, one of the most economically developed cities in Guangdong Province with over eight million residents |
Tianjin Bona Nongken Cinema | | Tianjin | | | 10 | | | 2,095 | | Located in the heart of a multi-purpose sports & recreational center and near a busy shopping area. |
Zhejiang Bona Fenghua Cinema | | Fenghua, Zhejiang Province | | | 6 | | | 811 | | Located in one of the largest and densely populated shopping malls in Fenghua, a historical town with a population of over 500,000. |
Shenzhen Bona Longgang Cinema | | Shenzhen, Guangdong Province | | | 8 | | | 1,409 | | Located in one of the largest shopping malls of the Longgang District of the city of Shenzhen. |
Suzhou Bona Lifeng Cinema | | Suzhou, Jiangsu Province | | | 8 | | | 1,072 | | Located in the heart of the central business district of Suzhou, a famous historical town and popular tourist destination with over 10 million residents. |
Shanghai Bona Zhongyuan Cinema | | Shanghai | | | 9 | | | 1,477 | | Located near densely populated high-end neighborhoods on the northeastern side of Shanghai. |
Hefei Bona Yintai Cinema | | Hefei, Anhui Province | | | 9 | | | 1,010 | | Located in the heart of Hefei's premium commercial center with hotels and corporate offices nearby. |
Film Exhibitions. Our movie theaters exhibit desirable domestic, Hollywood and other foreign films licensed from state-owned and non state-owned distributors. Due to PRC regulations, movie theaters must be affiliated with a theater circuit and rely on theater circuits to negotiate the terms of agreements with film distributors and to provide the films that they exhibit. The terms of the agreements under which our movie theaters exhibit films are made on a chain-by-chain and film-by-film basis and depend on the expected performance of each film. Desirable films that are expected to have
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high box office admission revenue will generally have longer license terms than movies with more uncertain performance and popularity.
Concessions. We operate concession stands in all our movie theaters that sell snacks and drinks as well as film-related memorabilia and collectables. We continually seek to increase concessions sales by revising our product mix, introducing special promotions from time to time and offering employee training and incentive programs to up-sell and cross-sell products.
Advertising. Our movie theaters sell advertising through a number of channels and media, including advertising time prior to the screening of all films exhibited in our movie theaters and the sale of advertising poster and frame space in our movie theaters. As a movie theater operator, we are typically entitled, subject to the consent of the copyright owners, to sell a portion of the over two minutes of advertising time available at the start of a film. We generally utilize third party advertising service providers to sell time slots using a scaled pricing system with progressively more expensive slots the closer the slot is to the screening of the film. The film distributor (which in some cases may also be us) is entitled, subject to the consent of the copyright owners, to sell the time slots immediately preceding the screening of the film. The number of advertising slots will depend on the expected popularity of the film, as well as the film screening schedule at the movie theater. In addition, we also provide promotion sponsorships and sell advertising poster and digital frame space, typically for periods of one month or more, primarily to film producers to market their films, as well as to other companies, such as food and beverage companies, that want to target audiences that attend our movie theaters.
Talent Agency Services
We operate a talent agency business that represented approximately 20 artists as of December 31, 2012. Our agency contracts are negotiated on a case-by-case basis. In most arrangements we act as an agent and are entitled to a percentage of an artist's fees for their roles in all artistic performances we procure for them during the term of the contract, including television advertising engagements, performances in films, television programs and concerts and other appearances. We may also act as agent for an artist for a single performance. In other arrangements, we act as the primary obligor and recognize revenue on a gross basis. The level of commission we receive is linked to the stage of the career and level of fame of the artist, with higher commissions agreed to with newer, less established artists and lower commissions agreed to with more famous and established artists. The agency contracts generally have terms of between three and ten years, with scheduled penalties if the artist terminates the contract prior to the agreed term.
Our talent agency business leverages our relationships in the film and entertainment industry and gives us additional insight into upcoming film projects, while providing us with another source of promising films for distribution. Our talent agency also attracts high profile as well as up-and-coming talent who desire access to our pipeline of high box office potential film projects.
Competition
The film industry is a highly competitive business. We face competition for audiences from companies within the entertainment business and from alternative forms of leisure entertainment, such as sporting events, outdoor recreation, video games, the Internet and other cultural and computer-related activities.
The films we distribute and invest in compete for audience acceptance and exhibition outlets with films produced and distributed by other companies. Our primary competitors in film distribution and production include state-owned enterprises such as China Film Group and non state-owned companies such as Huayi Brothers. State-owned enterprises have historically dominated and have in recent years continued to play a prominent role in the PRC film industry. The top three state-owned film distributors, China Film Group Corporation, Huaxia Film Distribution Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Film Group, together accounted for between approximately 30.8% and 22.2% of the total domestic films' box office between 2010 and 2012, according to EntGroup. Moreover, two state-owned film distributors
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have the exclusive right to distribute the limited number of foreign films that may be exhibited in China on a box office sharing basis. Non state-owned film distributors have increasingly captured a sizeable share of the market for distribution of domestic films. Our company and Huayi Brothers are the top two non state-owned film distributors. Our company accounted for approximately 7.6%, 16.5% and 7.3% of the total domestic films' box office in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, and Huayi Brothers accounted for approximately 15.3%, 2.33% and 21.1% during the same respective years, according to EntGroup. Recently, certain films made by smaller film companies have also begun to capture market share.
Domestically, we compete with production and distribution companies for the acquisition of literary and film properties, the services of performing artists, directors, producers and other creative and technical personnel and production financing, all of which are essential to the success of our business. Furthermore, the international film industry, particularly in more developed markets such as the United States, competes directly with our film production business through marketing efforts aimed at the Chinese and Greater China markets. As a result, the success of any of our films is dependent not only on the quality and acceptance of a particular film, but also on the quality and acceptance of other competing films released into the marketplace at or near the same time.
The market for movie theaters is highly fragmented and intensely competitive. Our movie theaters compete with other movie theater operators for audience acceptance on the basis of the films we exhibit, the location of our movie theaters, and seating comfort, theater capacity, ticket prices, projection and sound systems that influence the audiences' experience. Our competitors in the movie theater business include property developers who run their own movie theaters in their properties in prime locations. Our movie theaters also compete to enter into agreements with theater circuits and secure film exhibitions offered by theater circuits based on factors such as the location, condition and capacity of the theater, revenue potential and licensing terms and a theater operator's ability to attract and license desirable films. We compete for new theater sites with other theater operators as well as other entertainment venues.
The talent agency services industry is highly fragmented, with numerous agencies of varying sizes and reputations existing across China. Our talent agency competes against other talent agencies on the basis of our brand name, reputation for access to industry participants and desirable film and television projects as well as pricing.
Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property assets include copyrights in films, trademarks in names, logos and characters, domain names, and licenses of intellectual property rights of various kinds, primarily in the films we distribute.
We had full ownership of the copyright to 12 films, partial ownership of the copyright to 18 films and participation in financing of two film productions without distribution rights or copyright as of December 31, 2012. We primarily derive value from our copyrights and film distribution licenses through the theatrical release of films and the distribution and licensing of our films to movie theaters. We also monetize our film rights through distribution of our films on broadcast television and cable network, Internet and digital distribution, and through the sale of home video products, such as DVDs and Blu-ray discs.
We devote significant resources to protecting our intellectual property in China and other key territories. We rely upon a combination of copyright, trademark and Internet/domain name statutes and laws and contract provisions to protect our intellectual property. However, there can be no assurance of the degree to which these measures will be successful in any given case. Policing unauthorized use of our film rights and related intellectual property is often difficult and the steps taken may not in every case prevent the infringement by unauthorized third parties of our intellectual property. We seek to limit that threat through a combination of approaches, including offering legitimate market alternatives, deploying digital rights management technologies, pursuing legal sanctions for infringement under
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domestic and foreign laws and under international treaties, and enhancing public awareness of the meaning and value of intellectual property and intellectual property laws. Copyright protection is a serious problem in the film distribution, production and exhibition industries because of the ease with which films may be duplicated and distributed illegally. Film piracy is widespread in China and other Asian countries to a greater extent that in the United States and Europe. Film piracy continues to be prevalent across the entertainment industry. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Piracy of films and television series, including digital and Internet piracy, may reduce the gross receipts from the exploitation of our films and television series." We have taken legal actions to enforce copyright protection when necessary.
Third parties may challenge the validity or scope of our intellectual property from time to time, and such challenges could result in the limitation or loss of intellectual property rights. Irrespective of their validity, such claims may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources that could have an adverse effect on our operations. Moreover, effective intellectual property protection has historically been weaker in China than in more developed countries such as the United States, and it may be either unavailable or limited in other foreign territories.
Our trademarks include "Bona," which we have registered in the PRC within the entertainment sector category, and the Chinese characters for Bona, "
," which we have registered in the PRC within the talent agency sector category. We regard our trademarks as valuable assets and believe that our trademarks are an important factor in marketing our products. We also hold various domain names relating to our trademarks and service marks, includingwww.bonafilm.cn. We do not know if the trademarks for which we have submitted registration applications will obtain registrations with the scope of commercial coverage that we seek, if at all, or whether any trademark we have registered or may receive registration in the future will be challenged or invalidated. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Failure to protect our intellectual property rights could have a negative impact on our business."
Employees
As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, we had 458, 765 and 984 full-time employees, respectively. The following table sets forth the number of full-time staff by business area as of December 31, 2012:
| | | | |
| | Number of employees | |
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Film related | | | 47 | |
Talent agency | | | 11 | |
Management and administration | | | 70 | |
Movie theater | | | 856 | |
| | | |
Total | | | 984 | |
| | | |
We plan to hire additional employees in all functions as we grow our business. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or other collective bargaining agreements. Since our inception, we have never experienced a strike or other disruption of employment. We believe our relationships with our employees are good.
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The remuneration package of our employees includes salary, bonus, stock options, other cash benefits and benefits in kind. In accordance with applicable regulations in China, we participate in social insurance funds, including a pension contribution plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, as well as a housing provident fund for the benefit of our employees. Our total contribution for such employee benefits required by applicable regulations amounted to US$0.6 million, US$0.9 million and US$1.5 million for 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. We have not fully paid the required contributions to the social insurance funds or housing provident fund. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Our failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties."
Facilities
Our principal executive offices are located at our headquarters at 11/F, Guan Hu Garden 3, 105 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing 100025, People's Republic of China. In aggregate, we maintained a total of approximately 3,120 square meters for our offices as of December 31, 2012 and leased all of our facilities. We believe that our leased facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the foreseeable future, and that we will be able to obtain adequate facilities, principally through leasing of additional properties, to accommodate our future expansions.
Insurance
We do not maintain any property insurance policies covering equipment and facilities for losses due to fire, earthquake, flood or any other disaster. Consistent with customary industry practice in China, we do not maintain business interruption insurance or key employee insurance for our executive officers. Uninsured damage to any of our equipment or buildings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—We do not maintain business liability or disruption, litigation or property insurance, and any business liability or disruption, litigation or property damage we experience might result in substantial costs to us and the diversion of our resources."
Legal and Administrative Proceedings
We are subject to legal proceedings and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. From January 1, 2012 to March 31, 2013, we have been named as a defendant or co-defendant in six legal proceedings in the PRC, four of which had been concluded as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F. Of these concluded legal proceedings, we settled three, and one was withdrawn. The settlements we paid in respect of individual proceedings ranged from approximately RMB8,000 to approximately RMB880,000.
Regulations of Our Industry
This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders' rights to receive dividends and other distributions from us.
As the film industry is at an early stage of development in China, new laws and regulations may be adopted from time to time that will require us to obtain additional licenses and permits in addition to those that we currently have, and will address new issues that arise from time to time. As a result, substantial uncertainties exist regarding the interpretation and implementation of current and any future Chinese laws and regulations applicable to the film industry, including the film and television
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production, distribution, exhibition and talent agency businesses. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the PRC."
Regulations on Film Industry
Our core business is the distribution of films in China. In addition, we also engaged in film production and exhibition activities, which complement our film distribution business. Our operations in the film industry are mainly regulated by the Film Administrative Regulations, or the Film Regulations, effective on February 1, 2002, the Interim Provisions on the Qualifications for a Film Enterprise's Access to Commencement of Operation, or the Film Enterprise Qualification Provisions, effective on November 10, 2004, the Provisions on the Filing of Film Scripts (Abstracts) and the Administration of Films, or the Film Filing Provisions, effective on June 22, 2006, the Regulations on the Sino-foreign Cooperation in Film Production, or the Sino-foreign Cooperation Regulations, effective on August 10, 2004, and other rules and regulations issued based on the foregoing regulations. Pursuant to those regulations, production, distribution, exhibition and import of films are subject to special licenses or approvals issued by SAPPRFT and/or its local counterparts as follows: (i) Film Production License or Film Production License (Single Film), as applicable, for production of films in China; (ii) License for Sino-foreign Cooperation of Films for joint production of films by PRC and foreign entities; (iii) Film Distribution License for distribution of films; (iv) Film Exhibition License for exhibition of films and Certificate for Technical Qualification of Exhibition Equipment of Digital Film for exhibition of digital films; and (v) License for Film Public Screening for any film exhibited in, imported into or exported out of China.
Regulations on Film Distribution
Pursuant to the Film Regulations and the Film Enterprise Qualification Provisions, distribution of films in two or more provinces, autonomous regions, and/or municipalities directly under the central government requires a Film Distribution License issued by SAPPRFT and distribution of films within one province, autonomous region, and/or municipality directly under the central government may be approved by the local counterpart of SAPPRFT in such region at the provincial level. Film Distribution Licenses issued by SAPPRFT are subject to inspection by SAPPRFT every two years and those issued by the local counterparts of SAPPRFT at the provincial level are subject to inspection annually. In practice, SAPPRFT issues Film Distribution Licenses with an effective term of two years and application for extension of the term must be made to SAPPRFT before expiration of the term. Distribution of foreign films is subject to special approval by SAPPRFT. Currently China Film Group Film Distribution & Exhibition Corporation and Huaxia Film Distribution Co. Ltd. are the only two enterprises which are licensed to distribute foreign films in China. Our affiliated consolidated entities Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd., Tianjin Bona Culture Media Co., Ltd. and Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd. each currently holds a Film Distribution License, issued by SAPPRFT, for distribution of films throughout China, which has an effective term until February 23, 2014, January 17, 2015 and March 12, 2015, respectively.
Film distributors may not distribute any film that has not received a License for Film Public Screening. Under current PRC regulations, film distributors must distribute films to theater circuits instead of individual movie theaters.
Regulations on Film Production
Pursuant to the Film Regulations and the Film Enterprise Qualification Provisions, production of films in China requires either a Film Production License or a Film Production License (Single Film). The Film Production License (Single Film) is granted on a film-by-film basis and will expire after the exhibition of the film. A company will not be qualified for a Film Production License unless it has
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produced two or more films under Film Production Licenses (Single Film). A Film Production License is subject to inspection by SAPPRFT every two years. In practice, SAPPRFT issues Film Production Licenses with an effective term of two years and application for extension of the term must be made to SAPPRFT before expiration of the term. A duly approved film producer may produce film(s), make copies of, distribute within China and export film(s) produced by it subject to relevant laws and regulations. In accordance with the PRC Copyright Law, effective on June 1, 1991 and latest amended on February 26, 2010, film producers own copyrights to the films produced by them, while playwrights, directors, cinematographers, lyricists, composers and other authors enjoy the right of authorship and is entitled to receive remuneration pursuant to the contract concluded with the producers. Authors of the film scripts, musical works and other works that are included in a film and that can be separately exploited are entitled to exercise their copyrights to such works independently.
Under the Film Regulations and the Sino-foreign Cooperation Regulation, no organizations or individuals from abroad may independently make films within China, and cooperation between a PRC entity and a foreign entity in film production inside or outside China is subject to the approval of SAPPRFT on a film-by-film basis. Only PRC producers with a Film Production License or a Film Production License (Single Film) may cooperate with foreign producers in the film production. Sino-foreign cooperation in film production include the following models: (i) Joint Production whereby PRC and foreign parties jointly invest in and produce films, and share profits and risks; (ii) Co-production through synergy, whereby the investments are made by the foreign parties, the films are shot in China and the Chinese parties are responsible for providing equipments, services, facilities or other assistance for a fee; and (iii) Co-production through commission, whereby the PRC party is entrusted by a foreign party to shoot films in China. Approval by SAPPRFT will be evidenced by a License for Sino-foreign Cooperation in Film Production for Joint Production model or an approval certificate for the other two models. The License for Sino-foreign Cooperation in Film Production has an effective term of two years.
Our affiliated consolidated entity Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) holds a Film Production License with an effective term of two years that ends on March 8, 2014. Our affiliated consolidated entities have also obtained a Film Production Licenses (Single Film) and/or Licenses for Sino-foreign Cooperation in Film Production for films they produced or are producing.
Regulations on Film Exhibition
Pursuant to the Film Regulations, the establishment of a film exhibitor is subject to the approval of the local film administration authority at the county or municipal level and a Film Exhibition License will be issued to the successful applicant. The Film Exhibition License is subject to annual inspection of the issuing authority. Exhibition of digital films further requires a Certificate for Technical Qualification of Exhibition Equipment of Digital Films. Movie theaters operated by our affiliated consolidated affiliates are equipped to display both non-digital films and digital films, and have obtained Film Exhibition Licenses. However, they have not yet obtained the requisite Certificate for Technical Qualification of Digital Film Exhibition Equipment to exhibit digital films. Based on verbal consultations with SAPPRFT, we understand that SAPPRFT is not enforcing the regulation, is not requiring movie theaters to obtain a Certificate for Technical Qualification of Digital Film Exhibition Equipment for the exhibition of digital films and had not issued and is not currently issuing such certificate to any movie theater. However, there can be no assurance that SAPPRFT will continue to permit movie theaters to exhibit digital films without the Certificate for Technical Qualification of Digital Film Exhibition Equipment or that our movie theaters would be able to obtain such certificate if so required by SAPPRFT.
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Movie theaters may not exhibit any film that has not received a License for Film Public Screening. Movie theaters are required to exhibit domestic films for at least two thirds of the total exhibition time every year.
Regulations on Film Import and Export
Pursuant to the Film Regulations, import of foreign films can only be conducted by entities designated by SAPPRFT. Currently, China Film Group Film Import & Export Corporation is the only entity designated to import foreign films into China. Imported foreign films can only be distributed in China by the entities designated by SAPPRFT and currently China Film Group Film Distribution & Exhibition Corporation and Huaxia Film Distribution Co., Ltd. are the only two entities allowed to distribute imported foreign films. Where a film is to be imported for public exhibition, it shall be submitted to the film censorship authority for censorship prior to its import. For a film that is submitted to the film censorship authority for censorship, the importer of the film usually presents the customs authorities with the approval for temporary import issued by SAPPRFT.
A film that has been imported on a temporary basis and passed the censorship and for which the License for Film Public Screening and approval for import have been issued, the film importer typically presents the approvals to customs authorities. Under Appendix 9 of Protocol on the Accession of the People's Republic of China to the World Trade Organization, China has agreed to import 20 box-office-earnings-sharing films for theatrical release each year, without prejudice to compliance with China's regulations on the administration of films. In February 2012, the PRC government agreed to increase the number of foreign premium format films, such as 3-D or IMAX films, that may be imported into China by 14 films per year. Chinese-language films produced by film producers established under laws of Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan are not subject to the foreign film quota limitation, provided that 50% or more of the interests in the copyright of such films are owned by the film producers established under Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan law and 50% or more of the members of the production team are Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan citizens. Films that are produced by film producers established under Hong Kong law and meeting these requirements will not be subject to the quota restrictions imposed on the exhibition time between imported films and domestic films. However, such films are deemed to be foreign films for the purposes of import and distribution procedures.
PRC film producers must receive a License for Film Public Screening to export films produced by themselves or jointly with foreign entities. Exhibition of domestic films in overseas film exhibitions and film festivals must be approved by SAPPRFT.
Scripts and Film Examination System
Films are subject to examination and approval by SAPPRFT and/or its local counterparts.
In accordance with Film Filing Provisions and circulars issued by SAPPRFT, film scripts and abstracts and films are subject to filing requirement and censorship. Film producers must file film abstracts of film scripts with SAPPRFT and/or its provincial counterparts before filming. Upon completion of production, film producers must apply for examination of such films by SAPPRFT and/or its local counterparts at provincial level. Importers must apply for the examination and approval of foreign films to be imported. Films passing the examination will be granted a License for Film Public Screening by SAPPRFT and may be distributed, exhibited, imported into or exported out of China. However, SAPPRFT may, under special circumstances, terminate distribution and exhibition of films which have received Licenses for Film Public Screening or require editing of such films first and terminate their distribution or exhibition after the required editing is rejected by the film copyright owners.
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The Draft Film Industry Promotion Law
On December 15, 2011, the PRC State Council issued a draft of the Film Industry Promotion Law, or the Draft Law, for public comment. The Draft Law sets forth laws relating to specific areas of film-making, such as creation, production, distribution and exhibition of films, provides for financial support measures and preferential tax treatment for the film industry and stipulated legal liabilities for non-compliance. In accordance with the Draft Law, a company that has produced two or more publicly exhibited films will be qualified to apply for a Film Production License, and such company will not be required to have a sponsor organization and administration authority approved by SAPPRFT, which are required under current law. The Draft Law provides that pre-screening advertisements shall be displayed before the screening time as stated on movie tickets. In the event of non-compliance, a movie theater may be subject to a fine ranging from RMB10,000 to RMB200,000 and be ordered to remedy such non-compliance within a certain time period. Any failure to comply with any such order may lead to a revocation of the movie theater's Film Exhibition License. The Draft Law also provides that a Sino-foreign co-production film shall be considered to be a domestic film if a PRC film producer owns the copyright to such film. In addition, the Draft Law provides more detailed legal liabilities for the certain non-compliance matters than those provided under current regulations. For example, if any license of a company has been revoked in accordance the Draft Law, such company will be prohibited from applying for such license for five years from the date of revocation. As of the date hereof, the Film Industry Promotion Law has not been officially promulgated and it is uncertain whether and how the provisions in the final Film Industry Promotion Law will differ from those in the Draft Law.
Regulations on Sales of Food and Beverage in Movie Theaters
Sales of food and beverages to audiences in movie theaters must comply with laws and regulations regarding food hygiene and safety. Pursuant to the Food Safety Law of the PRC, which took effect from June 1, 2009, sale of food or beverages requires a Food Distribution Permit issued by the relevant administration for industry and commerce, and catering services require a Catering Service Permit issued by the relevant food and drug administration authorities. Companies having the Catering Service Permit are allowed to sell food and beverages made by them at their place of operation without the Food Distribution Permit. Before the Food Safety Law of the PRC took effect on June 1, 2009, sale of food and beverages and the provision of catering services required food hygiene permits issued by the relevant hygiene administration authorities. Companies which had obtained food hygiene permits for selling food and beverages or the provision of catering services prior to June 1, 2009 may continue to use such permits during their effective terms and are only required to obtain a Food Distribution Permit or Catering Service Permit upon expiration of the relevant food hygiene permits. Each of our movie theaters have obtained the relevant Food Distribution Permits for packaged foods, which will expire between May 23, 2013 and January 22, 2016. However, the permits obtained by some of these theaters do not cover unpackaged foods sold by such theaters. The laws and regulations governing the issuances of Food Distribution Permits for unpackaged foods are not specific to movie theaters and impose qualifications and requirements that movie theaters generally do not meet. We believe that movie theaters in China typically do not obtain Food Distribution Permits for unpackaged foods as an industry practice. However, there can no assurance that our movie theaters will not be deemed to be in violation of the Food Safety Law of the PRC by the relevant authorities. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Movie theaters in China are subject to a range of regulatory requirements, including regulations relating to advertising, hygiene and food licensing. Some of our movie theaters sell unpackaged foods without the requisite permits to do so. The failure of our movie theaters to comply with applicable regulations may subject us to fines and penalties, including the suspension of our movie theater operations."
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Regulations on Television Program Production and Distribution
Television program production and distribution businesses are mainly regulated by the Administrative Regulations on Radio and Television effective on September 1, 1999, the Administrative Regulations on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Program effective on August 20, 2004, the Administrative Regulations on Content of Television Plays effective on July 1, 2010 which superseded and replaced the Administrative Regulations on the Examination of Television Plays effective on October 20, 2004 and its supplementary regulations effective on January 1, 2007. Pursuant to those regulations, television plays can only be produced by television stations at the municipal level or above and entities with either a Film Production License or a License for the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Program. Licenses for the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Program are issued to entities which meet requirements set forth in the Administrative Regulations on the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Program and pass the examination of SAPPRFT or its provincial counterparts. In addition to the Film Production License or the License for the Production and Operation of Radio and Television Program, the television play producers must obtain either a Multiple Television Play Production License or a Single Television Play Production License for the shooting and production of television plays. The Multiple Television Play Production License has an effective term of two years and may apply to all television plays produced by the holder during the effective term. The Single Television Play Production License only applies to a single television play and the producer must apply for another Single Television Play Production License for the shooting and production of another television play as indicated in such license.
Under the Administrative Regulations on Content of Television Plays effective on July 1, 2010, a television play must be filed with and announced to the public by SAPPRFT or its provincial counterparts before it is shot or produced. Television plays are subject to censorship by SAPPRFT or its provincial counterparts, which will issue Television Play Distribution Licenses for television plays passing their censorships. No television play may be distributed or broadcasted without the Television Play Distribution License. However, SAPPRFT may, under certain circumstances, based on the public interest, terminate distribution and exhibition of television plays which have received Television Play Distribution Licenses or require editing of such television plays. On an ongoing basis, the content of the television series we produce are submitted for review to the relevant local branches of SAPPRFT and we also apply for Single Television Play Production Licenses for each television series we produce.
Foreign investments in television program production companies are prohibited; foreign investments in television program production projects are restricted, and such investments may only take the form of Sino-foreign cooperation.
Regulations on Talent Agencies
Performance talent agency industry is mainly regulated by the Administrative Regulation on the Commercial Performances effective on September 1, 2005 and latest amended on July 22, 2008, and its implementation rules latest amended on September 3, 2009 and effective on October 1, 2009, the Administrative Measures for Brokers effective on August 28, 2004, and other regulations issued based on the foregoing regulations. Pursuant to those regulations, a brokerage company, including talent agency, shall specify the method and category of brokerage business conducted by it in its business license and file relevant information of the brokers engaged or dismissed by it with the local administration for industry and commerce. In addition, talent agencies engaged in (i) organization, production or market promotion of commercial performance, which term refers to the on-site art performance for the public for the purpose of making profits, (ii) intermediation, agency or brokerage for commercial performance, or (iii) entering into agency contracts with, agency for or promotion of artists must obtain a Commercial Performance License from the competent culture authorities at provincial level, and must have at least three full-time performance brokers. Our affiliated consolidated
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entity Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) has obtained a Commercial Performance License with an effective term until July 25, 2014. Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC), Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. and Beijing Bona Xingyi Culture Agency Co., Ltd. have also filed the agency certificates and other information for the relevant brokers with the local administration for industry and commerce. Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. and Beijing Bona Xingyi Culture Agency Co., Ltd. have not obtained Commercial Performance Licenses, as their representations of artists are not in connection with on-site art performances for the public, although there is uncertainty as to whether such license is required.
Foreign investments in performance talent agencies are restricted under PRC law and may only take the form of Sino-foreign joint ventures in which Chinese parties should maintain a controlling stake.
Regulations on the Advertising
The State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the SAIC, is responsible for the supervision and regulation of advertising activities. The Advertising Law adopted by the Tenth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress which became effective on February 1, 1995, the Regulations on the Administration of Advertisements promulgated by the State Council in October 1987 and Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Advertisements issued by the SAIC in November 2004 outline the regulatory framework of the advertising industry. Pursuant to these regulations, companies engaged in advertising activities must obtain from the SAIC or its local counterparts a business license which specifically includes advertising services within its business scope.
PRC advertising laws, rules and regulations set forth certain requirements on the content of advertisements in China. The content of an advertisement is subject to the following restrictions:
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- national flag, national emblem and national anthem of the PRC cannot be shown or played in the advertisement;
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- advertisement cannot be made in the names of governmental authorities or government officials;
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- words such as "state level," "the highest" or "the best" and the like cannot be used in the advertisement;
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- advertisement cannot contain anything that would be harmful to social stability, personal and property safety and social public interests;
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- advertisement cannot contain anything that would jeopardize social and public order and violate good social convention;
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- advertisement cannot have content that is obscene, superstitious, terrorizing, violent or evil;
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- advertisement cannot have content that is discriminative against nationalities, races, religions and gender;
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- advertisement cannot have content that is contrary to the protection of the environment or natural resources; and
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- advertisement cannot have other content that is forbidden by laws and administrative decrees.
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Advertisements for special drugs like anesthetic, psychotropic, toxic or radioactive drugs are prohibited. There are also specific restrictions and requirements regarding advertisements that relate to matters such as patented products or processes, pharmaceutical products, medical procedures, foods, alcohol, tobacco, and cosmetics. In addition, all advertisements relating to pharmaceuticals, medical procedures, agrochemicals and veterinary pharmaceuticals, together with any other advertisements which are subject to censorship by administrative authorities in accordance with relevant laws or regulations, are subject to content censorship by relevant regulatory authorities prior to dissemination.
Advertisers, advertising operators, including advertising agencies, and advertising disseminators are liable for the truthfulness of the content of the advertisements. Under the applicable laws and regulations, advertising operators and advertising disseminators must review and examine the supporting documents for advertisements provided by advertisers and verify that the content of the advertisements complies with applicable PRC laws and regulations. Prior to publishing advertisements that are subject to government censorship and approval, advertising disseminators are obligated to verify that such censorship has been performed and the approval has been obtained.
Violation of these regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising income, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish an advertisement to correct the misleading information. In circumstances of severe violations, the SAIC or its local counterparts may cease their advertising business to rectify, or revoke violators' licenses or permits for their advertising business operations and they may be subject to criminal prosecution if their activities constitute a crime. Furthermore, advertisers, advertising operators or advertising distributors may be subject to civil liability if they infringe the legal rights and interests of third parties in the course of their advertising business.
Under the Administrative Provisions on Foreign Investment in the Advertising Enterprises latest amended on August 22, 2008 and effective on October 1, 2008, foreign investors can invest in PRC advertising industry either through wholly owned enterprises or joint ventures with Chinese parties. However, to invest in the advertising industry, foreign investors, if investing with Chinese partners, must (1) be engaged in advertising business, (2) have been operating for at least two years, and (3) have a track record of advertising business, and if investing by itself or with other foreign investors, must have at least three years of operation and have advertising as their core business.
Currently only a few regulations have been issued specifically for the administration and regulation of pre-screening advertising, including the Circular on Strengthening of Administration of Pre-screening Advertising effective on June 25, 2004 and the Circular on Further Regulation of Pre-screening Advertising effective on February 10, 2009. Pursuant to those regulations, consent of the copyright owner of the film is needed for placing pre-screening advertisements before the screening of the relevant film; no entities including film distributors and exhibitors can delete or replace any pre-screening advertisement without consent of the relevant film copyright owner. In addition, pre-screening advertisements shall be displayed before the License for Public Screening of Films and the screening time as stated in the tickets. Violation of those regulations may result in public condemnation or, in case of serious violation, suspension of supply of films or suspension of exhibition.
Regulations on Foreign Investment in Film-related Enterprises
Foreign investment in film companies is restricted or prohibited under PRC law. Pursuant to Certain Opinions on Foreign Investment in Culture Industry which became effective on July 6, 2005,
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the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (Amended in 2011), the Interim Provisions on Foreign Investments in Cinemas effective on January 1, 2004 and its two supplementary regulations, the Supplementary Regulation to the Film Enterprise Qualification Provisions, foreign investors are prohibited from holding any equity interest in any PRC film production company, distribution company or theater circuit; foreign investments in movie production projects are restricted, and such investments may only take the form of Sino-foreign cooperative joint ventures; foreign investors may not hold more than 49% of the equity interests in any PRC movie theater company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, "Hong Kong or Macau service providers" are allowed to set up wholly foreign owned enterprises engaged in film distribution or exhibition. "Hong Kong or Macau service providers" refer to Hong Kong or Macau citizens or entities incorporated under Hong Kong or Macau law, having business operations in Hong Kong or Macau for at least three years and meeting certain other requirements under the relevant arrangements between the PRC and each of Hong Kong or Macau, respectively. In March 2013, Bona Entertainment Company Limited became qualified as a "Hong Kong service provider."
Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC Residents
The Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Residents to Engage in Overseas Financing and Round Trip Investment via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 75, issued by SAFE and effective on November 1, 2005, and the latest implementation rules relating to the Circular 75 issued on May 20, 2011, regulates the foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of a "special purpose vehicle" by PRC residents to seek offshore equity financing and conduct a "round trip investment" in China. Under Circular 75, a "special purpose vehicle" refers to an offshore entity directly established or indirectly controlled by PRC resident natural or legal persons ("PRC residents") for the purpose of seeking offshore equity financing using assets or interests owned by such PRC residents in onshore companies, while "round trip investment" refers to the direct investment in China by such PRC residents through the "special purpose vehicles," including, without limitation, establishing foreign-invested enterprises and using such foreign-invested enterprises to purchase or control onshore assets through contractual arrangements. Circular 75 and its implementation rules require that, before the completion of a round-trip investment or the overseas equity financing through a "special purpose vehicle", PRC residents and PRC entities are required to complete a foreign exchange registration with the competent local branches of SAFE for their overseas investments. After the completion of a round-trip investment or the overseas equity financing, the PRC residents are required to go through foreign exchange registration alteration formalities of overseas investment in respect of net assets of special purpose vehicles that such PRC residents hold and the variation thereof.
In addition, an amendment to the registration is required if there is a material change in the "special purpose vehicle," such as increase or reduction of share capital and transfer of shares. With respect to any of such material change, we are also obligated to coordinate with the shareholders in respect of their SAFE registration amendments. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 75 and its implementation rules may result in restrictions on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreign—invested enterprises, including the payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject the relevant PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations.
We conduct businesses in China primarily through our PRC affiliated consolidated entities. We enter into contractual arrangements with our PRC affiliated consolidated entities and their respective shareholders including Mr. Dong Yu, Mr. Hai Yu and Mr. Zhong Jiang, who are PRC residents and also shareholders of our company. Mr. Dong Yu, Mr. Hai Yu and Mr. Zhong Jiang have registered with the local SAFE branch for the foreign exchange registrations of overseas investments and have
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amended their registrations to reflect some developments of our company and our PRC subsidiary, including the initial public offering of our ADSs. Some of our shareholders who are PRC residents are also required to amend their registration to reflect the developments of our company and our PRC subsidiary since our initial public offering of our ADSs. However, we cannot ensure that our shareholders will always amend their registrations as required. We may not be fully informed of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents, and we do not have control over our beneficial owners. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the PRC—PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may increase our administrative burden and restrict our overseas and cross-border investment activity. If our shareholders fail to make any required applications and filings under such regulations, we may be unable to distribute profits and may become subject to liability under PRC laws."
Regulations on Employee Stock Option Granted by Offshore Listed Companies
The Notices on Issues concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration For Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly-Listed Company, or the Stock Option Rules, issued in February 2012, which replaced previous rules issued in March 2007, regulate the foreign exchange matters associated with the employee stock incentive plans granted to PRC individuals by companies whose shares are listed on overseas stock exchanges. Domestic residents who are granted shares by companies listed on overseas stock exchanges based on the company's employee share incentive plan are required to register with SAFE or its local counterparts. Pursuant to Stock Option Rules, PRC residents participating in the employee stock incentive plans of the overseas listed companies must retain a domestic agent, which can be a subsidiary of the overseas listed company in China or other qualified institution selected by such PRC subsidiary to handle various foreign exchange matters associated with their employee incentive plans. The PRC agents must, on behalf of the domestic residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply annually to SAFE or its local competent branches for a quota for the conversion and/or payment of foreign currencies in connection with the domestic residents' exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the domestic residents from sale of shares under the stock incentive plans granted by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in China opened by the PRC agents.
Our board of directors and shareholders adopted our 2009 share incentive plan on June 1, 2009 and our 2010 share incentive plan on June 1, 2010. Pursuant to these plans, we may issue employee stock options to our qualified employees and non-employees on a regular basis. As required under Circular 75, Mr. Dong Yu, Mr. Hai Yu and Mr. Zhong Jiang has registered their SAFE registration to reflect that approximately 16.2% of the share capital of our company on a fully diluted basis that has been reserved for employee stock options and service incentive shares. As of the date hereof, we have granted employee stock options under our 2009 and 2010 share incentive plans. Our 2010 share incentive plan has been registered with the local authority of SAFE. However, we cannot assure that the holders of options issued by our company can successfully amend the registration with SAFE in full compliance with Stock Option Rules. The failure of our stock options holders to amend their SAFE registration pursuant to Stock Option Rules and other SAFE requirements may subject these PRC individuals to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiary, limit our PRC subsidiary's ability to distribute dividends to us or otherwise materially adversely affect our business.
Further, in 2005 and 2006, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation jointly issued notices concerning the individual income tax on earnings from employee stock options. The notice requires PRC companies that implement employee share option programs in the PRC, under which the shares issuable are the shares of listed companies (domestic or overseas) to (i) file the employee share option plans and other relevant documents to the local taxation departments having
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jurisdiction over them before implementation of such employee share option plans; and (ii) file share option exercise notices and other relevant documents with the local taxation departments having jurisdiction over them before exercise by the employees of the share options. To comply with the requirement, we have filed our 2009 share incentive plan and 2010 share incentive plan with Beijing Local Taxation Bureau.
M&A Regulations and Overseas Listings
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory authorities, including the CSRC, promulgated the 2006 M&A Rules, which were later amended on June 22, 2009. Pursuant to the 2006 M&A Rules, an offshore special purpose vehicle, or SPV, refers to an overseas company controlled directly or indirectly by PRC domestic companies or individuals for purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in domestic companies (defined as enterprises in the PRC other than foreign-invested enterprises). If an SPV purchases, for the purpose of overseas listing, equity interests of any PRC company that are held by PRC companies or individuals controlling such SPV, then the overseas listing by the SPV must obtain the approval of the CSRC. However, it remains unclear whether the 2006 M&A Rules and the requirement of the CSRC approval apply to the listing of our company in December 2010. Up to the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, the CSRC has not issued any rules or written interpretation clarifying whether offerings like our initial public offering would have been are subject to this new procedure.
Our PRC counsel, Han Kun Law Offices, advised us that the 2006 M&A Rules did not require that we obtain prior CSRC approval for the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ in December 2010, given that:
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- the CSRC approval requirement applies to SPVs that acquired equity interests of any PRC company that are held by PRC companies or individuals controlling such SPV and seek overseas listing; and
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- our PRC operating subsidiary was incorporated as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise by means of direct investment rather than by merger or acquisition by our company of the equity interest or assets of any "domestic company" as defined under the 2006 M&A Rules, and no provision in the 2006 M&A Rules classifies the contractual arrangements between our company, our PRC operating subsidiary and any of the affiliated consolidated entities as a type of acquisition transaction falling under the 2006 M&A Rules.
Regulations on Foreign Currency Exchange
Pursuant to applicable PRC regulations on foreign currency exchange, the Renminbi is freely convertible only to the extent of current account items, such as trade- related receipts and payments, interest and dividends. Capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, require the prior approval from SAFE or its local branch for conversion of Renminbi into a foreign currency, such as U.S. dollars. Payments for transactions that take place within the PRC must be made in Renminbi. Domestic companies or individuals can repatriate foreign currency payments received from abroad into the PRC, or deposit these payments abroad subject to compliance with the requirement as promulgated by SAFE. Foreign currencies received for current account items can be either retained or sold to financial institutions that have foreign exchange settlement or sales business without prior approval from SAFE, subject to certain regulations. Foreign exchange income under capital account can be retained or sold to financial institutions that have foreign exchange settlement and sales business, with prior approval from SAFE, unless otherwise provided.
In addition, another notice issued by SAFE, or Circular 142, regulates the conversion by foreign-invested enterprises of foreign currency into Renminbi by restricting how the converted Renminbi may
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be used. Circular 142 requires that Renminbi converted from the foreign currency-dominated capital of a foreign- invested enterprise may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the relevant government authority and may not be used to make equity investments in PRC, unless specifically provided otherwise. SAFE further strengthened its oversight over the flow and use of Renminbi funds converted from the foreign currency-dominated capital of a foreign-invested enterprise. The use of such Renminbi may not be changed without approval from SAFE, and may not be used to repay Renminbi loans if the proceeds of such loans have not yet been used. Furthermore, another circular issued by SAFE, Circular 59, tightens the regulation over settlement of net proceeds from overseas offerings and requires that the settlement of net proceeds must be consistent with the description in the prospectus for the offering. SAFE also promulgated a Circular 45, which, among other things, restricts a foreign-invested enterprise from using RMB converted from its registered capital to provide entrusted loans or repay loans between non-financial enterprises. Violations of these circulars may result in severe penalties, including substantial fines.
Regulations on Dividend Distribution
Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreign-owned enterprises in China are required to allocate to reserve funds and staff incentive and welfare funds. Wholly foreign-owned enterprises shall contribute at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund statutory reserve funds unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the respective enterprises. As for staff incentive and welfare funds, the contribution percentage is to be decided by the foreign-owned enterprise on its own discretion. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
Regulations Regarding the Enterprise Income Tax and Dividend Withholding Tax
The EIT Law, effective on January 1, 2008, imposes a uniform enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on all domestic enterprises, including foreign- invested enterprises unless they qualify for certain exceptions, and terminates most of the tax exemptions, reductions and preferential treatments available under previous tax laws and regulations. Under the EIT Law and a notice issued by the PRC State Council on transition preferential policies, commencing January 1, 2008, (i) those enterprises that were established before March 16, 2007 and were formerly entitled to preferential policies of lower taxation will undergo a gradual transition to statutory tax rates within five years; and (ii) those enterprises that were established before March 16, 2007 and were formerly entitled to preferential income tax reductions such as "two-years exempt and three-years halved" and "five-years exempt and five-years halved" shall continue to enjoy such preferential policies as stipulated in the former taxation laws, administrative regulations and relevant documents until the completion of the lifetime of said policies, provided however that for those enterprises not profitable enough to enjoy the said tax preferences, the preference time limits shall commence from 2008.
Pursuant to the EIT Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of China with "de facto management bodies" within China is considered a "resident enterprise" for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. The term "de facto management body" is defined as the management body that exercises substantial and comprehensive control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, finance and properties of an enterprise. Pursuant to a circular issued by the State Administration of Taxation, a foreign enterprise controlled by a PRC company or a PRC company group will be classified as a "resident enterprise" with its "de facto management bodies" located within China if the following requirements are satisfied: (i) the place where the senior management and core management departments that are in charge of its daily operations perform their duties is mainly located in the PRC; (ii) its financial and human resources decisions are made by or are subject to
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approval by persons or bodies in the PRC; (iii) its major assets, accounting books, company seals, and minutes and files of its board and shareholders' meetings are located or kept in the PRC; and (iv) more than half of the enterprise's directors or senior management with voting rights frequently reside in the PRC. In addition, the SAT issued a bulletin on July 27, 2011, effective September 1, 2011, providing more guidance on the implementation of Circular 82 and clarifying matters including resident status determination, post-determination administration and competent tax authorities. Although both the circular and the bulletin only apply to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises and not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, it is believed that the determining criteria set forth in the circular and the bulletin may reflect the State Administration of Taxation's general position on how the "de facto management body" test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises, individuals or foreigners. However, it remains uncertain how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case, given that the EIT Law is relatively new and ambiguous in terms of some definitions, requirements and detailed procedures.
Furthermore, the EIT Law and its implementation rules provide that the "non-resident enterprises" are subject to the enterprise income tax rate of 10% on their income sourced from China, if such "non-resident enterprises" (i) do not have establishments or premises of business in China or (ii) have establishments or premises of business in China, but the relevant income does not have actual connection with their establishments or premises of business in China. Such income tax may be exempted or reduced by the PRC State Council or pursuant to a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding agreement between China and the jurisdictions in which the non-resident enterprise reside. The Cayman Islands, where we are incorporated, does not have such tax treaty with China.
Moreover, non-resident individual investors may be required to pay PRC individual income tax at a rate of 20% on interest or dividends payable to the investors or any capital gains realized from the transfer of ADSs or ordinary shares if such gains are deemed income derived from sources within the PRC. Under the PRC Individual Income Tax Law, or IIT Law, "non-resident individual" refers to an individual who has no domicile in China and does not stay in the territory of China or who has no domicile in China and has stayed in the territory of China for less than one year. Pursuant to the IIT Law and its implementation rules, for purposes of the PRC capital gains tax, taxable income is the balance of the total income obtained from the transfer of the ADSs or ordinary shares minus all the costs and expenses that are permitted under PRC tax laws to be deducted from the income. Therefore, if we are considered a PRC "resident enterprise" and the relevant competent PRC tax authorities consider dividends we pay with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares and the gains realized from the transfer of our ADSs or ordinary shares income derived from sources within the PRC, such gains earned by non-resident individuals may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 20%.
If the PRC tax authorities determine that our Cayman Islands holding company is a "resident enterprise" for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow: (i) we may be subject to enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations; (ii) a 10% withholding tax may be imposed on dividends we pay to our shareholders who are non-resident enterprises and gains derived by them from transferring our shares or ADSs, if such income is considered as PRC-sourced income by relevant PRC authorities; and (iii) a potential 20% withholding tax may be imposed on dividends we pay to our shareholders who are non-resident individuals and gains derived by them from transferring our shares or ADSs, if such income is considered as PRC-sourced income by relevant PRC authorities.
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Our Corporate Structure
The following diagram illustrates our shareholding and corporate structure as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, including our subsidiaries, affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries:
![GRAPHIC](https://capedge.com/proxy/20-F/0001047469-13-005020/g675068.jpg)
Contractual Arrangements with Our Affiliated Consolidated Entities
Foreign investment in the film and entertainment industries is currently prohibited or restricted in China. As a Cayman Islands corporation, we do not qualify to conduct these businesses under PRC regulations. In addition, foreign investment in the advertising industry requires the foreign investor to possess certain qualifications, which we do not have. See "—B. Business Overview—Regulations of Our Industry." As a result, our business in China is operated through contractual arrangements with our affiliated consolidated entities. These contractual arrangements enable us to exercise effective control over these entities and receive substantially all of the economic benefits from them. These agreements are effective until either the dissolution of either Bona New World or the affiliated consolidated entity, the affiliated consolidated entity being no longer liable to us under the agreement, or the termination of other contractual arrangements, as described under "—Agreements that Transfer Economic Benefits to Us" and "—Agreements that Provide Us with Effective Control."
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Exclusive Technology and Consulting Service Agreements. Under the exclusive technology and consulting service agreements between Bona New World and each of the affiliated consolidated entities, Bona New World provides film investment consulting, operations management and marketing strategy consulting services to the affiliated consolidated entities, in exchange for a service fee to Bona New World that is no less than 100% of their net profit before tax, except that the service fee with respect to Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd. is no less than 90% of its net profit before tax. The service fee is payable at such time as agreed between Bona New World and the affiliated consolidated entity and approved by the board of such affiliated consolidated entity. The term of each exclusive technology and consulting service agreement is from the effective date until the dissolution of either Bona New World or the affiliated consolidated entity. Bona New World has the right to terminate the exclusive technology and consulting service agreement (i) at any time by giving 30 days' prior written notice to the affiliated consolidated entity, or (ii) immediately by sending written notice to the affiliated consolidated entity if either the affiliated consolidated entity is in substantial default of the agreement and has failed to cure such default within 30 days of receipt of notice from Bona New World, or the affiliated consolidated entity enters into liquidation or similar judicial procedures. The affiliated consolidated entity has no right to terminate the exclusive technology and consulting service agreement prior to its expiration date.
Equity Pledge Agreements. Bona New World has entered into an equity pledge agreement with the shareholders of each affiliated consolidated entity. Under each equity pledge agreement, the shareholders have pledged their respective equity interests in the affiliated consolidated entity to Bona New World (other than 10% of the outstanding equity interests of Beijing Baichuan, which was purchased by Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) in December 2010 from an unaffiliated third party, Poly Film Investment Co., Ltd.) to secure the obligations of the affiliated consolidated entity under its exclusive technology and consulting service agreement with Bona New World. In addition, the shareholders have agreed not to transfer, sell, pledge, or create any encumbrance on their equity interests in the affiliated consolidated entity except for a transfer in accordance with the voting trust and equity purchase option agreement or between shareholders which does not affect the validity of the equity pledge. The term of each equity pledge agreement is from the effective date until the termination of the corresponding exclusive technology and consulting service agreement. In addition, upon full payment of all liabilities and termination of all obligations of the affiliated consolidated entity under the exclusive technology and consulting service agreement, Bona New World shall terminate the agreement as soon as reasonably practicable.
Voting Trust and Equity Purchase Option Agreements. The shareholders of each affiliated consolidated entity have signed voting trust and equity purchase option agreements, pursuant to which the shareholders have granted Bona New World, or a person designated by Bona New World, the right to exercise all of the voting rights of the shareholders of the affiliated consolidated entity. We have an exclusive option to purchase, or to designate other persons to purchase, to the extent permitted by applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, up to 100% of the equity interest in the affiliated consolidated entities from the shareholders. The purchase price for the entire equity interest is to be calculated based on the net value of the affiliated consolidated entity or the minimum price permitted by applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, whichever is higher, except that the purchase price for the equity interest held by Mr. Dong Yu in Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) shall be equal to the principal of the loan outstanding under the loan agreement described below, unless otherwise required by applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations. Each affiliated consolidated entity covenants that without prior consent of Bona International Film Group Limited, it will not distribute any dividends.
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The term of each voting trust and equity purchase option agreement is from the effective date until termination of the corresponding exclusive technology and consulting service agreement.
Loan Agreement. Mr. Dong Yu, has entered into a loan agreement with Bona New World, under which Bona New World has granted an interest-free loan of RMB10 million to Mr. Dong Yu solely for purposes of Mr. Yu's increased capital contributions to Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC). The loan has a term of 10 years and may be extended upon mutual written consent of the parties. Any proceeds generated from the transfer of equity interests held by Mr. Dong Yu in Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) to us shall be used to repay the loan and the loan can only be repaid using such proceeds. The loan agreement contains a number of covenants that restrict the actions that Mr. Dong Yu may take or cause the Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) to take. For example, Mr. Dong Yu (i) shall not transfer, sell, mortgage, dispose of, or encumber his equity interest in Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) except in accordance with the Equity Pledge Agreement discussed above, (ii) without Bona New World's prior written consent, shall not take actions or omissions that may have a material impact on the assets, business and liabilities of Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC), (iii) shall cause the shareholders' meeting and/or the board of directors of Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) not to approve the merger or consolidation of Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) with any person, or any acquisition or investment in any person, without Bona New World's prior written consent, and (iv) shall appoint any director candidates nominated by Bona New World.
We have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, Han Kun Law Offices, that the structure for operating our business in China (including our corporate structure and our contractual arrangements with our affiliated consolidated entities) complies with all applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and does not violate any applicable PRC laws, rules or regulations. However, there are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of the relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the PRC regulatory authorities will not take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. Our PRC legal counsel has further advised that if a PRC government authority determines that our corporate structure, the contractual arrangements or the reorganization to establish our current corporate structure violates any applicable PRC laws, rules or regulations, the contractual arrangements may become invalid or unenforceable, and we could be subject to severe penalties and required to obtain additional governmental approvals from the PRC regulatory authorities. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government determines that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business otherwise do not comply with applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, we could be subject to severe penalties" and "—Risks Relating to the PRC—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the protections available to you and us."
Our Contractual Arrangement with Cinema Popular Limited
In October 2008, we entered into an agreement with Hurry Up Limited, the holder of the remaining 50% equity interest of Cinema Popular Limited, under the terms of which we control the board of directors of Cinema Popular Limited and absorb all of the expected losses of Cinema Popular Limited. Hurry Up Limited is controlled by Peter Chan, a producer and director of Chinese films. Accordingly, we treat Cinema Popular Limited as a variable interest entity and have consolidated its historical financial results in our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
D. Property, Plants and Equipment
See "—B. Business Overview—Facilities."
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Unless stated otherwise, the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in this section apply to our financial information as prepared according to U.S. GAAP. You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with the financial statements and the notes to these statements included in this annual report on Form 20-F. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors" or in other parts of this annual report on Form 20-F.
Overview
We are a leading film distributor in China. A small number of our films, typically ones that are released during the peak seasons, account for a substantial portion of our net revenue each year. Our remaining films generate lower net revenue but generally have lower costs for the acquisition of distribution rights or production. Our top five films each year in 2010, 2011 and 2012 accounted for 53.5%, 58.3% and 37.4% of our net revenue in those respective years. From our inception in November 2003 to December 31, 2012, we distributed 171 films (including 47 films internationally), and we generally distribute between 16 and 20 films theatrically each year on average.
We believe that our brand name and reputation in the film industry, our experience in film distribution and marketing, our collaborations with other domestic and international film industry players, and our management's access to key industry participants enable us to identify and secure distribution rights for promising film projects.
We distribute films through virtually all of the theater circuits in China. We are able to gain distribution rights to a wider selection of films in China through joint distribution arrangements with industry participants such as the state-owned China Film Group Corporation. We have also distributed 35 Chinese films (including Hong Kong films) internationally since the beginning of 2009, and we generated US$5.7 million, US$10.7 million and US$10.7 million in net revenue from international distribution of Chinese films (including Hong Kong films) in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Although our international film distribution business has not historically made a significant contribution to our results of operations, it has accounted for an increasing proportion of our net revenue. We believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of the increasing popularity of Chinese films abroad, given our track record of international distribution and the distribution arrangements we have established with film distributors in markets including Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia. We have also expanded into non-theatrical distribution channels, including home video products, digital distribution and television. As films continue to generate an increasing proportion of our revenue from non-theatrical sources, we expect to continue to develop new and existing relationships to maximize the value of our distribution business and our film portfolio.
In addition to our film distribution and film and television production operations, we owned and operated 20 movie theaters in commercial districts and residential areas in several major cities in China as of December 31, 2012. Our movie theaters are affiliated with leading theater circuits in China and provide our audiences with modern facilities. Theater circuits are mandated by PRC laws and regulations to negotiate the terms of arrangements for the exhibition of films and provide film prints to movie theaters. Consistent with industry practice in China, these theater circuits charge an industry standard rate for their services, and we as film distributors are responsible for making and delivering film prints of both digital and traditional films to them. We began operating our movie theater business in 2010 and we increased the number of movie theaters we operate from six as of April 30, 2010 to 20 as of December 31, 2012. Our movie theater business generated net income of US$0.4 million from April 23 to December 31, 2010, net loss of US$0.2 million for 2011 and net loss of US$1.6 million for 2012. Our talent agency business leverages our relationships in the film and entertainment industry and
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gives us additional insight into upcoming film projects, while providing us with another source of promising film opportunities. We leverage our films and movie theater operations to attract advertisers. We also believe that our movie theaters under the "Bona" brand, our ability to sell advertising in the films we exhibit and our representation of artists through our talent agency add to the strength of our business and assist in building a brand which we believe is synonymous with high quality films in China.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our business, results of operations and financial condition are significantly affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. We expect our future growth to be affected by a number of factors and trends, including:
Our Ability to Identify and Secure Distribution Rights for Films on Favorable Terms
We must identify promising films from among the many films that are produced in China and overseas each year and secure distribution rights for these films on terms that offer us attractive returns, including securing distribution rights through investment in the production of the film. In exceptional instances, we may participate in the financing of a film without acquiring distribution rights or copyright. We believe that our brand name and reputation in the Chinese film industry, our experience in film distribution and marketing in China, our collaborations with other domestic and international film industry players, and our management's access to key industry participants and relationships with industry talent and artists enable us to identify and secure distribution rights for or invest in promising film projects.
The decision to distribute or invest in the production of a film, or both, is made by our senior management, supported by analysis of factors such as a film's expected critical reception and marketability, as well as the cost to acquire the distribution rights or to finance the film production, the estimated distribution and marketing expenses required to bring the film to its widest possible target audience, and ancillary market potential of the film after its theatrical release. We typically negotiate with film producers on a film-by-film basis to determine the cost of the distribution rights or the film production. If we do not accurately judge the commercial viability of a film, or if the commercial arrangement through which we agree to distribute and/or invest in the production of the film turns out not to be appropriate to the film's market potential or is otherwise not favorable, we may not recoup the cost we incurred to acquire the distribution right, to finance film production or to distribute and market the film, or alternatively, we may fail to capture the potential benefits from the commercial success of the film. In particular, the type of arrangements we enter into may affect our ability to profitably exploit the film. For example, our ability to profit from film with similar box office performances may vary considerably depending on whether we enter into (i) a buy-off distribution arrangement, in which we pay a fixed amount to producer upfront to acquire the distribution rights with no obligation to share box office proceeds with the producer, (ii) a commission-based distribution arrangement, in which we do not pay any fixed amount to the producer, but instead share a proportion of the box office proceeds with the producer, or (iii) a minimum guarantee distribution in which case we would receive a higher proportion of the box office proceeds, subject to paying the producer the amount of any shortfalls from a minimum amount. In each case, we strive to align the key terms of our distribution agreements to the estimated box office potential of each film.
The Box Office Success of Our Films
The commercial success of a film is largely determined by its success at the box office, which is a key factor in estimating revenue from other distribution channels. Box office earnings are largely determined by the appeal of the film to a broad audience—whether owing to its storyline or the quality of its directors and actors—and by effective marketing of the film, and depends primarily upon its acceptance by the public and similar unpredictable factors. The box office earnings of a film also
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depends upon the release period of the film, the length of time that the film is in theaters, the release schedule of potentially competing films and other factors. A film's commercial success at the box office is also contingent upon it being exhibited on a sufficiently large number of screens at movie theaters to meet demand.
If we are unable to accurately judge audience acceptance of films or to effectively market the films we distribute, the economic success of the film will be in doubt, which could result in costs not being recouped or anticipated profits not being realized. Moreover, a particular feature film may not generate enough revenue to offset its distribution and marketing costs, in which case we may incur a loss for such film. In addition, we generally distribute a limited number of films per year, historically approximately 16 to 20 films on average. As a result, a small number of films could account for a significant impact on our results of operations in both the year of release and in the future. Historically, our net revenues have been largely dependent on the commercial success of a relatively small number of films. For instance, our top five films each year in 2010, 2011 and 2012 accounted for 53.5%, 58.3% and 37.4% of our net revenues in those respective years. Accordingly, our results of operations are highly contingent upon our ability to identify and secure distribution rights to a small number of films with high commercial potential.
The potential box office appeal of a film, a film's genre and the length and timing of its release period, among other factors, may also affect the revenue we can derive from ancillary sources such as advertising services and distribution overseas and to non-theatrical channels.
Our Ability to Secure Funding for Films on Favorable Terms and Effectively Control Costs
Film production and, to a lesser extent, film distribution, are capital intensive activities. We fund the acquisition of distribution rights of films and investment in film production through cash flow from our operations, debt financing and syndication to other investors and film producers. The type of financing we use will affect the economic return we are able to derive from each film. Principal and interest payments on loans and film participation expenses paid to other investors in order to fund film productions affect our profitability and results of operations.
We manage the risks associated with committing to capital intensive film production projects in a number of ways. We may syndicate our investment in film production to other investors who share the investment risk. When we act as the lead investor in a film, we include in the total estimated production budget of the film an administration fee from participating investors to cover costs we incur to manage the production process of the film.
We manage the risks associated with the distribution of films by aligning the key terms of our distribution agreements to the estimated box-office potential of each film. We generally seek arrangements where we are reimbursed by film producers for the expenses we incur in the marketing and promotion of their films, and agree to waive such reimbursements only in limited circumstances. We have also maintained good relationships with leading theater circuits not only through our film distribution business as a supplier, but also through our movie theater business as a customer. We believe that theater circuits value a relationship with us as we offer them access to our pipeline of approximately 16 to 20 films annually on average in a variety of genres as well as a share of revenues from our movie theaters, which in turn enhances our ability to negotiate desirable exhibition schedules and screen runs as well as prominent positions in marketing and publicity campaigns for our films. In addition, through our interactions with theater circuits as both a supplier and customer, we believe we gain better insight into the pipeline of competing films to help us optimize our film release schedule accordingly.
By managing investment risk and actively endeavoring to control our financing costs, we attempt to increase the profitability of our business.
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Our Ability to Maximize the Value of Our Films
We rely on theater circuits and operators to exhibit our films in movie theaters. Domestically, we grant exhibition rights to the films we distribute to theater circuits throughout China on a film-by-film basis. We have, historically, entered into exhibition arrangements with virtually all theater circuits in China. We believe that our ability to maintain favorable arrangements with theater circuits is attributable to the quality of the films we distribute, our track record and scale, and our brand and reputation.
Our results of operations are also affected by our ability to exploit our distribution rights internationally and through non-theatrical channels. We typically sell or license our distribution rights to our films for exhibition and distribution overseas on a territory by territory basis. The licensing agreement with the overseas partner, typically based on the Independent Film and Television Alliance standard form, sets the relevant terms including the distribution period, geographic area, licensing fees and scope of rights, such as distribution for theatrical screening only or including other distribution channels such as DVD and other home video products, Internet and other digital distribution, in-flight entertainment and television. The terms of the arrangement for a particular film are typically dependent on the domestic box office success of the film and the demand for Chinese films in the particular geographic area.
We utilize our strategic relationships to distribute our films on non-theatrical distribution channels and platforms, including DVD and other home video products, Internet and other digital distribution, in-flight entertainment and television. Our ability to maintain and expand the distribution of our films on non-theatrical distribution channels is also affected by our ability to expand our portfolio of high quality films, as well as the demand for films in non-theatrical distribution channels.
Box Office Trends Driven by Consumer Spending Patterns and Film Infrastructure Growth
The commercial potential of the film industry in general will also continue to depend upon consumer spending patterns as well as box office trends. As a result of rapid economic development in China, urban households have developed discretionary spending power, with per capita annual disposable income of urban households in China increasing from RMB13,786 in 2007 to RMB24,464 in 2012, according to the National Bureau of Statistics of China. With increasing affluence and disposable income, the Chinese population is increasingly able to spend a larger portion of their income on cultural activities and entertainment, including the viewing of films.
Rapid urbanization and increases in discretionary spending have led to increasing investment in film infrastructure such as modern multiplex movie theaters. Newly built movie theaters are generally equipped with modern visual and audio exhibition facilities, which improve the audience experience. According to EntGroup, the number of newly built movie theaters in China increased from 102 in 2007 to 880 in 2012, while the total number of movie theaters grew from 1,427 to 3,680 during the same period. Our results of operations are and will continue to be affected by the expansion of movie theaters in China, which will enable us to expand our distribution and will provide greater opportunities to capture the discretionary spending of China's growing affluent class.
We believe the increasing spending power of a larger consumer base, higher quality and increasing numbers of movie theaters and a greater range of available films have supported higher rates and frequency of movie attendance. We believe our results of operations will be driven primarily by growing numbers of movie theaters, a growing number of movie viewers and increased frequency of movie attendance. These ongoing box office trends will affect our profitability and results of operations.
Although box office receipts have grown in China during the recent global financial crisis, a prolonged decline in economic conditions could reduce screenings of and attendance at our film releases or demand for our films through non-theatrical distribution channels. In addition, the increasing availability of movies through non-theatrical distribution channels, for example through
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digital distribution, could result in a shift in consumer demand away from the movie theater as the immediate source of film revenues. If we are unable to generate sufficient revenues from or reduce our costs incurred in distributing our films through non-theatrical distribution channels in response to any such shift in consumer demand, our results of operations may be adversely affected. Our results of operations may also be affected by the prevalence of intellectual property violations in China, which may enable viewers to circumvent movie theaters and other legitimate revenue-generating distribution channels from which we derive revenues.
Our revenues are also affected by seasonal fluctuations, such as due to holidays and the summer release season, when movie theater attendance has traditionally been highest. As a result, our quarterly results of operations may fluctuate significantly from period to period.
Effect of Regulatory Developments on the Film Industry
The film distribution business is greatly affected by regulations governing the type, number and sources of films, among other factors. For example, the number of foreign films that may be exhibited in China on a box-office-earnings- sharing basis is limited by the PRC central government to 20 films per year. In addition, there are separate quotas for films imported through buy-off distribution methods each year, mainly from countries other than the United States and for 3-D films. The PRC government agreed, in February 2012 in connection with a World Trade Organization dispute settlement, to increase the number of foreign premium format films, such as 3-D or IMAX films, that may be imported into China by 14 films per year. Only China Film Group Film Distribution & Exhibition Corporation and Huaxia Film Distribution Co., Ltd., both state owned enterprises, are currently licensed to distribute foreign films in China.
The easing or elimination of the current regulatory restrictions, including the above-mentioned recent agreement to increase the number of foreign premium films, could create an oversupply of films in China, reduce our share of box office receipts and make it more difficult for our films to succeed commercially. While non state-owned companies such as our company can currently provide marketing assistance to state-owned enterprises for foreign films, the easing or elimination of regulations restricting the distribution of foreign films could also increase our opportunities to further leverage our established brand name and proven track to further participate in foreign film distribution in China when current regulatory restrictions are eased or eliminated.
These and other potential regulatory changes have and could continue to have an impact on our results of operations.
Net Revenues
We generated net revenues of US$52.8 million, US$126.2 million and US$142.3 million in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
We deduct business taxes that our PRC subsidiary, affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries are subject to on certain types of services and related revenues in the presentation of our net revenues.
We generate net revenues from our share of the box office proceeds of the films we distribute. Where we are the principal distributor of the film we receive our share of the box office proceeds after the deductions by movie theaters and theater circuits of their shares in the box office sales, and taxes and other governmental charges. In addition, we cooperate with other distributors to distribute films as a non-principal distributor and receive as revenue a fixed percentage of the distribution fees received by the principal distributor.
We also generate net revenues by licensing or selling distribution rights and broadcast rights internationally and to non-theatrical distribution channels.
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We also sell pre-screening advertising time before the start of films for which we have acquired the distribution rights and generate net revenues from other miscellaneous advertising services such as "in-film" advertising, selling posters and promotions of films.
Where we hold the copyright or a copyright interest in a film we also generate revenue from the licensing of our copyrights to other sales channels, including television, Internet distribution companies and overseas distributors. We also enter into arrangements where we participate in the financing of film production without receiving distribution rights or copyrights, and receive a percentage of the net profit of the film which we recognize as revenue.
We also derive net revenue from our talent agency services, primarily from performance contracts for the artists we represent. Our agency contracts are negotiated on a case-by-case basis. The net revenues we generate from our representation of an artist are linked to the stage of the career and level of fame of the artist.
We also generate revenues from our movie theater business, primarily from ticket sales and concession sales.
Cost of Revenues
Our cost of revenues amounted to US$26.5 million, US$66.5 million and US$86.1 million in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
Cost of revenues for our film-related revenues primarily consist of: (1) the amortization of any upfront amount we have incurred to acquire distribution rights, (2) the amortization of any upfront amount we have incurred to acquire copyrights or a proportionate interest therein, (3) the amortization of any production cost we have incurred where we are the producer of a film, (4) the amount that we remit to producers or participating distributors when they are entitled to share the box office sales based on the distribution arrangement (including cases where we guarantee the film producer a minimum amount and, if the box office sales are lower than the minimum amount, pay the difference to the film producer) and (5) other expenses in our film-related business.
Cost of revenues for our talent-agency services primarily consists of (1) compensation paid to artists and (2) other expenses in the related business.
Cost of revenues for our movie theater business primarily consists of the box office split with theater circuits.
Gross Margin
Our cost of revenues, and accordingly our gross margins and gross profit of our film-related business, are largely a function of the type of contractual arrangement we enter into and the extent of our economic rights and obligations in a particular film. For instance, in cases where we are a principal distributor, our revenues from film distribution include all of the box office receipts after deductions by movie theaters and theater circuits of their shares in the box office receipts and taxes and other governmental charges, and the share of box office receipts that we remit to the film producers or owner of the copyright or participating distributors is recorded under cost of revenues. In contrast, for films where we are not the principal distributor but own a percentage of the economic interest in the film, we receive a share of the net profits of the film. Therefore, the gross margins and gross profit may vary significantly as a result of the type of contractual arrangement underlying the various distribution and production arrangements we enter into during each period.
The gross margin of our movie theater business is mainly derived from the box office split with theater circuits.
We do not believe a discussion of these figures on a consolidated basis is meaningful to investors. However, we believe segment profit and segment margin provide a more meaningful perspective on our
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results of operations and therefore we discuss these figures in the section titled "—Discussion of Segment Operations" below.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of film participation expenses, selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses. The following table sets forth our operating expenses, divided into their major categories by amount for the periods indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | |
Film participation expenses | | | 696,101 | | | 321,100 | | | 438,636 | |
Selling and marketing expenses | | | 7,213,519 | | | 18,506,262 | | | 18,490,433 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 9,305,393 | | | 28,371,497 | | | 41,890,064 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 17,215,013 | | | 47,198,859 | | | 60,819,133 | |
| | | | | | | |
Film Participation Expenses. Our film participation expenses accounted for 1.3%, 0.3% and 0.3% of our net revenues in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Film participation expenses are the share of the respective film worldwide revenue to which a film participant is entitled for a certain period of time and is recorded based on an effective interest rate method on an individual film-by-film basis.
Selling and Marketing Expenses. Our selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of print and marketing expenses of films we distribute, salaries and benefits for our sales staff, marketing and promotional expenses, business development expenses and other costs related to supporting our sales force. Selling and marketing expenses accounted for 13.7%, 14.7% and 13.0% of our net revenues in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Selling and marketing expenses are mainly incurred for film distribution, investment and production. 2012 revenue (excluding the movie theater segment) amounted to US$100.6 million, with 2011 revenue (excluding the movie theater segment) amounted to US$100.1 million, selling and marketing expenses accounted for 18.5% and 18.4% of revenue (excluding the movie theater segment) in 2011 and 2012, respectively.
General and Administrative Expenses. Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for management, accounting and administrative personnel, rentals, depreciation of equipment, professional service fees, maintenance, utilities and other miscellaneous office expenses. General and administrative expenses accounted for 17.6%, 22.5% and 29.4% of our net revenues in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, due to the expansion of our movie theater business.
Other Income (Loss)
�� Our other income (loss) reflects interest income, interest expense of bank borrowings and other borrowings, exchange rate gains or losses, changes in fair value of warrants and the changes in fair value of derivatives. The change in fair value of derivatives we recorded in 2010 reflected changes in connection with embedded derivative features of our preferred shares. Our net loss in 2010 included a loss of US$14.5 million, from changes in fair value of derivatives. The redemption terms of our preferred shares were amended in August 2010, and as a result, we ceased to recognize derivative liabilities and change in fair value of derivatives on the date of such amendment. Our other income in 2011 was mainly due to the exchange gain of US$1.7 million. The exchange gain was primarily attributable to several of our films, including the blockbuster filmThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate, for which production costs were largely incurred in Hong Kong dollars, and distribution business revenues were primarily denominated in RMB. Our other income in 2012 included interest income from bank deposits, interest expense of bank borrowing and other borrowings and other income.
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Equity in Earnings of Equity Method Investments
We record our investments in affiliates using the equity method of accounting, and the profit or loss from the affiliates is presented as "Equity in earnings of equity method investments" in our statement of operations.
Taxation
Cayman Islands
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Under the current law of the Cayman Islands, we are not subject to income or capital gains tax in the Cayman Islands. In addition, our payment of dividends, if any, is not subject to withholding tax in the Cayman Islands.
PRC
Business tax. Currently, our subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries in China are subject to a 3% to 5% business tax in connection with certain types of services, plus related surcharges.
Income tax. Pursuant to the EIT Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008, a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate is generally applied to both foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises, except where a special preferential rate applies. Our subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries in China are subject to enterprise income tax at a statutory rate of 25% with the following exception:
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- Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. was established in December 2008 as a cultural enterprise and was exempt from income tax for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 pursuant to an approval issued by the relevant tax authority in June 2009. Starting from January 2012, Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co. Ltd. has been subject to the standard enterprise income tax rate of 25%.
Income tax is assessed and paid at subsidiary level. Therefore, the net loss from operations generated by a particular entity cannot be transferred to or utilized by other entities within our consolidated company.
Without our preferential tax holidays and concessions, we would incur approximately an additional tax expense of US$3.2 million, US$5.1 million and US$0.4 million in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
Each of Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. and Tianjin Bona Film Culture Media Co., Ltd. has obtained a governmental approval to receive a government subsidy in 2013 based on a certain percentage of its income tax assessed for the taxable year 2012.
Under the EIT Law, enterprises that are established under the laws of foreign countries or regions and whose "de facto management bodies" are located within the PRC territory may be deemed by the PRC tax authorities as PRC resident enterprises, and will be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwide income. Under the detailed implementation rule of the EIT Law, "de facto management bodies" is defined as bodies that have material and overall management and control over the business, personnel, accounts and assets of the enterprise. Although substantially all of our operational management is currently based in the PRC, it is unclear whether PRC tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as a PRC resident enterprise. To our knowledge, there is a lack of clear guidance regarding the criteria pursuant to which the PRC tax authorities will determine the tax residency of a company under the EIT Law. Despite the present uncertainties as a result of limited guidance from PRC tax authorities on the issue, we do not believe that our legal entities organized outside of the PRC should be treated as residents under the EIT Law. If we and our offshore holding companies are considered to be PRC resident enterprises, we would be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on our worldwide income. In such cases, however, there is no guarantee that the preferential treatments to PRC tax residents will automatically apply to us, such as the withholding tax exemption on dividends between PRC resident companies.
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Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related notes requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net sales and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We have based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these estimates with our board of directors. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
An accounting policy is considered to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the following critical accounting policies are the most sensitive and require more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. You should read the following descriptions of critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and other disclosures included in this annual report on Form 20-F.
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
We are a holding company with no material operations of our own. Foreign investment in the film and entertainment industries is currently prohibited or restricted in China. As a Cayman Islands company, we do not qualify to conduct these businesses under PRC regulations. To comply with the PRC laws and regulations, we conduct substantially all of our film production, distribution and exhibition, television production, movie theater operation and talent agency services business in China through contractual arrangements with our affiliated consolidated entities, namely Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd., Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) and Beijing Bona Advertising Co., Ltd., and their subsidiaries and shareholders. See "Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure—Contractual Arrangements with Our Affiliated Consolidated Entities" for a summary of these contractual arrangements. In 2010, 2011 and 2012, our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries contributed in aggregate 83.9%, 92.7% and 93.1%, respectively, of our consolidated net revenues. As of the December 31, 2011 and 2012, our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries accounted for an aggregate of 57.0% and 70.8%, respectively, of our total assets, and 84.6% and 79.7%, respectively, of our total liabilities. The terms of the voting trust and equity purchase option agreements give us the right to exercise the voting and other rights of the shareholders of the affiliated consolidated entities. We also have substantive kick-out rights as per the equity purchase option under the Voting Trust and Equity Purchase Option Agreements. Therefore, we have the power to control the shareholders of the affiliated consolidated entities. Moreover, we believe that the consideration for the equity purchase option pursuant to the voting trust and equity purchase option agreements does not represent a financial barrier or disincentive for us to exercise our kick-out rights. Therefore, we believe we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the affiliated consolidated entities. Our ability to exercise effective control, together with the exclusive technology and consulting service agreements and the equity pledge agreements, give us the rights to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries in consideration for the services provided by our wholly owned subsidiary in China, Bona New World, to our affiliated consolidated entities. Accordingly, as the primary beneficiary of our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries and in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we consolidate their financial results and assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements.
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As advised by Han Kun Law Offices, our PRC counsel, our corporate structure in China complies with all existing PRC laws and regulations. However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that as there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, and we cannot assure you that the PRC government would agree that our corporate structure or any of the above contractual arrangements comply with current or future PRC laws or egulations. PRC laws and regulations governing the validity of these contractual arrangements are uncertain and the relevant government authorities may have broad discretion in interpreting these laws and regulations. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government determines that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our China business do not comply with applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, we could be subject to severe penalties," "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—We rely on contractual arrangements for our affiliated consolidated entities and their shareholders for our business operations, which may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership," "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—Our ability to enforce the equity pledge agreements between Bona New World and the shareholders of each of our affiliated consolidated entities may be subject to limitations based on PRC laws and regulations."
Revenue Recognition
We make certain judgments regarding the method of recognizing revenue and costs.
(i) Distribution Revenues
We acquire film distribution rights as the principal or a participating distributor in China and overseas from film producers.
As the principal distributor, we recognize distribution revenues when the films are exhibited in movie theaters. After the payments by the movie theaters of taxes and other governmental charges and deductions by movie theaters and theater circuits of their respective shares of the box office sales, the remaining amount, or the Distributable Amount, is remitted to us which we account for as our distribution revenues.
We then share the Distributable Amount with the film producer, other participating distributors or both, pursuant to the terms of the distribution agreement under which we are typically entitled to a fixed percentage of the Distributable Amount as our fees, or the Distribution Fees. The Distributable Amount, after further deductions of the Distribution Fees and print and marketing expenses, except in rare cases where not reimbursable by the producer, is paid or payable to the producer, and is accounted for as a cost of distribution revenues.
We evaluate such arrangements to determine whether to recognize revenue on a gross basis or net of payments paid to the film producers or other distributors,i.e., whether to recognize the Distributable Amount or the Distribution Fees as revenue.
The determination is based upon an assessment of whether we act as a principal or agent when providing the distribution services. In these arrangements, we recognize the Distributable Amount as revenue and show the amount we owe to the producer as part of cost of sales. Our determination is based on the following factors:
- •
- we are the primary obligor in the arrangement with the movie theaters since we are responsible for delivering the film to the movie theater and the movie theater has the right of redress against us;
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- we are able to set minimum ticket price with the movie theaters;
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- we select the movie theaters or locations where the film will be exhibited; and
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- we bear the credit risks of not being paid by the movie theaters but are obligated to pay the producers regardless of whether we collect cash from the movie theaters.
We also cooperate with other distributors to distribute films as a participating distributor but are not the primary obligor under the distribution arrangement. For such arrangements, we share a fixed percentage of the distribution fees received by the principal distributor as our commissions and record these commissions as our distribution revenues.
We also generate revenues from advertising services such as "in-film" advertising, pre-screening advertising, selling poster space and promotions of films. Revenues from advertising services are recognized as advertisement is shown or upon services provided. Cost of advertising services primarily consists of the cost of acquiring advertising airtime.
For certain films the distribution rights of which are acquired by us, we sub-license such rights to international third-party distributors and domestic and international non-theatrical channels including television and Internet companies for a particular term. Revenues from such sub-licensing arrangements are recognized when the following criteria are met: (i) an arrangement has been signed with a customer, (ii) the customer's right to use or otherwise exploit the intellectual property has commenced and there is no requirement for significant continued performance by us, (iii) licensing fees are either fixed or determinable and (iv) collectability of the fee is reasonably assured.
(ii) Copyright and Participation Revenues
When we are not the principal distributor, but participate in the financing of film production in which we may also acquire all, a portion or none of the legal copyright in relation to the film, and bear a portion of the costs of financing, production, prints, promotion and advertising pursuant to the terms of the agreement for the production of the film, we generate revenues from such film production participation as follows.
- (a)
- Where we are entitled to receive a certain percentage of the net profit of the film, we periodically receive a report from the film producer about the net profit or loss of the film. We record our share of the net profit of the film into revenue according to the report.
- (b)
- In the case of licensing our copyrights to international third-party distributors and to other domestic and international non-theatrical channels, including television and Internet companies, for a particular term, we recognize copyright revenues when the following criteria are met: (i) an arrangement has been signed with a customer, (ii) the customer's right to use or otherwise exploit the intellectual property has commenced and there is no requirement for significant continued performance by us, (iii) licensing fees are either fixed or determinable and (iv) collectability of the fee is reasonably assured.
In addition, we also act as a talent agent for certain artists, where in certain cases we sign the service contract with a third party and in other cases, we, the artist together sign the service contract with the third party. We determine whether to record our revenue at the gross amount billed to the third party or the amount net of the payments to the relevant artists. The determination of whether revenue should be reported gross or net is based on an assessment of whether we are acting as a principal or an agent in the transaction. In arrangements where we sign the service contract with third parties and are the primary obligor, we are acting as a principal and report the gross amount of the service as revenue. In arrangements where we and the artist together sign the contract with a third party, we are acting as an agent, so we report revenue at the total service amount net of the payment to the artist. For arrangements where we record the gross amount as our revenue, cost of talent agency service primarily consists of compensation paid to artists.
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Amortization of the Cost of Distribution Rights and Production Cost
Distribution rights include the unamortized costs of films' distribution rights, including completed films and films in production. Production costs include expenditures for the production and acquisition of proportional economic interest in films by us. Production costs also include costs of productions of films which have been completed and costs of productions which are still in production.
Costs of distribution rights and production cost are amortized using the individual-film-forecast method from the commencement of the initial exhibition of the film in movie theaters.
Under the individual-film-forecast method, the costs are amortized in the proportion that current year's revenue bears to management's current estimate of ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from the exhibition or sub-licensing of the films.
Film ultimate revenues include estimates of revenues from all markets and territories where persuasive evidence exists that such revenue will occur, including revenues associated with theatrical release and non-theatrical distribution of the film.
Film ultimate revenues forecasts are limited to our estimates of revenue over a period not exceeding ten years following the date of the film's initial release.
We assess the length of the period over which the revenue is expected to be generated based on our past experience for similar films with equivalent production values, the likely popularity of the stories and the artists in the regions where we expect to distribute the film and the competitive dynamics in the target exhibition slots in those regions.
We start to estimate revenue streams as soon as we incur production or investments costs. Since the revenue is generated from distribution in the domestic and international markets, we estimate the revenue for each market separately. In the domestic market, after the initial showing of the films in the theaters, we believe that our forecasts of revenues are generally robust. For the films we distributed in 2009, 2010 and 2011, the majority of the forecast revenue was generated within the first three months of the initial exhibition and typically after nine months, approximately 90% of the total estimated domestic revenue will have been realized. As a result, the related film production, investment or distribution rights costs will have been amortized to a corresponding degree.
We typically expect a relatively small percentage of the total forecast revenues to come from international distribution. We expect the international revenue to be generated over a longer time period than the domestic revenue. We closely monitor the revenue performance in the international market to continuously refine our estimate of total estimated revenue. In 2011, we decreased the estimate of the ultimate overseas revenue expected to be realized from certain films and television series based on their levels of economic performance and public acceptance, and as a result incurred additional amortization of US$3.8 million.
Impairment of Distribution Rights and Production Costs
We review the distribution rights and production costs for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the distribution rights and production costs may be impaired. The valuation of distribution rights and production costs is reviewed on a title-by-title basis. The excess of the carrying value above the fair value is written off and the amount is classified as costs of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. We base these fair value measurements on unobservable inputs derived from our assumptions about how market participants would price the asset. Due to the nature of these assets, market data for similar assets is not available. Key assumptions used in such fair value measurements include: (1) the discount rate applied to future cash flow streams, which is based on a risk-free rate plus a risk premium representing the risk associated with the type of property being exploited and (2) the number of years over which we
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estimate future net cash flows. We consider the sensitivity of these inputs in assessing its assumptions. Additionally, on occasion, we may change the creative direction of, or abandon, one or more of our films after being placed into production. As a result, amounts previously capitalized as distribution rights and production costs may be expensed. We will not subsequently restore any amounts written off in previous fiscal years.
No impairment loss was recorded in 2010 and 2011. In 2012, as a result of lower-than-expected revenue performance of certain films and TV series, the Group determined the unamortized production costs were impaired by $2,280,198. Key assumptions used in the fair value measurement were discount rates ranging from 15% to 16% and estimated remaining cash flows over a period of 10 years from a title's initial release. A change in the discount rate of 1.0% would change the impairment loss measurement by $51,349.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets and Intangible Assets with Definite Life other than Distribution Rights and Production Costs
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets, other than distribution rights and production costs, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization. We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets with determinable useful lives, other than distribution rights and production costs, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a long-lived asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable. We measure the carrying amount of long-lived asset against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it. Impairment exists when the sum of the expected future net cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated. Impairment loss is calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is estimated based on various valuation techniques, including the discounted value of estimated future cash flows. The evaluation of asset impairment requires us to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts.
Impairment of Goodwill
The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated annually or more frequently if event and circumstances indicate that they might be impaired.
When we evaluate goodwill impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is "more likely than not" that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test.
If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we will perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step compares the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill.
If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of a reporting unit's goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized for any excess in the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill. Estimating fair value is performed by utilizing various valuation techniques.
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In determining the fair values of our movie theatre reporting unit as of December 31, 2012, we considered the discounted cash flow method, or DCF method, of the income approach to be more reliable than other approaches. The discounted cash flow for the reporting unit was projected based on financial forecast developed by management for planning purposes. Cash flows beyond the forecast periods were estimated using a terminal value calculation, which incorporated historical and forecasted financial trends for the reporting unit. Specifically, the income approach valuation included a revenue projection with the compound annual growth rate of 36.9% during the years from 2013 to 2017, a cash flow discount rate at 19%, and a terminal value growth rate at 3.0%. Publicly available information regarding the market capitalization of the Group was also considered in assessing the reasonableness of the fair value of the reporting unit estimated using the income approach valuation methodology. Based on the result of goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2012, no impairment of goodwill was identified.
The valuations are based on information available as of the impairment review date and are based on expectations and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by the management. Any changes in key assumptions, including unanticipated events and circumstances, may affect the accuracy or validity of such estimates and could potentially result in additional impairment charge.
Film Production Financing
To fund production of our films and lower our own risks, we obtain financing through bank borrowings, and a variety of arrangements with other third-party finance providers.
If we guarantee the third-party finance providers a fixed rate of return on the principal over a fixed term of period, the cash received from these investors is accounted for on our balance sheet as "other borrowings" and is treated no differently from any other debt where the lender receives a pre-determined rate of return. We accrue interest expense on other borrowings using a fixed rate of return.
For other financing, where we give the third-party investor a fixed percentage of the film's worldwide revenue, or a fixed percentage of the film's worldwide revenue with guarantee of minimum rate of return on the principal, the cash received from these investors is accounted for as film participation financing liabilities. We retain copyrights of the films and the arrangements do not involve sale of a proportionate undivided interest in the copyright to the third-party participants.
Under those arrangements where the participant is entitled to a share of the respective film's worldwide revenue, we record the participant's share of revenue as film participation expense based on an effective interest rate method on an individual film-by-film basis. We start to accrue for participation expense from the initial exhibition of the film. The effective interest rate is calculated based on the initial investments by the third party participants and a series of future cash outflows to the participants estimated by management using the same estimates of revenue determined in using the individual-film-forecast method as discussed above under amortization of production cost.
Estimates of the effective interest rate result from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions at a point in time. The judgments made in determining an estimate of the effective interest rate can materially impact our results of operations. The estimated effective interest rates are based on information available as of each reporting period end date and are based on expectations and assumptions that have been deemed reasonably by management. Any changes in key assumptions, including unanticipated events and circumstances, may affect the accuracy or validity of such estimates and could potentially result in change of the accrued participation expense.
Because film participation expense is unlike debt financing with a specified rate of return we do not regard such expense as akin to interest and therefore do not regard it as eligible for capitalization
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under the rules in U.S. GAAP relating to the capitalization of interest. Instead, we reflect this expense in film participation expense on our income statement.
If a film underperforms the final redemption amount is estimated to be lower than the amount originally invested by third-party participants, a negative effective interest rate is calculated and applied to the outstanding film participation financing liabilities balance to determine the current period's reduction of film participation expense.
Under those arrangements where the participant is entitled to a share of the respective film worldwide revenue with guarantee of a minimum rate of return on the principal, if at any point of time, we determine that the accrued film participation financing liability is not sufficient to cover the guaranteed minimum rate, an additional liability will be accrued based on the guaranteed minimum rate of return.
For some third party financing, we and the investors co-own the copyright and share the profit or loss of the film. The form of the arrangement is the sale of an economic interest in a film to an investor. We record the amount received from the investor as a reduction of our capitalized full costs, as the investor assumes full risk for that portion of the film asset acquired in these transactions.
Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves us estimating our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in a certain period, we must include an expense within the tax provision in the statement of operations.
Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which we operate and the period over which our deferred tax assets will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods, we may need to establish an additional valuation allowance, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
U.S. GAAP requires that the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return be recognized at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authority. If we ultimately determine that the payment of these liabilities will be unnecessary, we will reverse the liability and recognize a tax benefit during that period. Conversely, we record additional tax charges in a period in which we determine that a recorded tax liability is less than we expect the ultimate assessment to be.
Uncertainties exist with respect to how the EIT Law applies to our overall operations, and more specifically, with regard to our tax residency status. The EIT Law includes a provision specifying that legal entities organized outside of the PRC will be considered residents for Chinese income tax purposes if the place of effective management or control is within the PRC. The implementation rules to the EIT Law provide that non-resident legal entities will be considered PRC residents if substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting and properties occurs within the PRC. On April 22, 2009, the SAT issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese—Controlled Offshore Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax
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Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the "de facto management body" of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. In addition, on August 3, 2011, the SAT issued a bulletin to make clarifications in the areas of resident status determination, post-determination administration, as well as competent tax authorities. We do not believe that our legal entities organized outside of the PRC should be treated as residents for EIT law purposes. However, if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that our legal entities registered outside the PRC should be deemed resident enterprises, these entities will be subject to the PRC income taxes, at a rate of 25% and the impact would adversely affect our results of operation. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the PRC—We may be deemed a PRC resident enterprise under the EIT Law and be subject to the PRC taxation on our worldwide income."
Fair Value of Our Ordinary Shares
Prior to our initial public offering, we were a private company with no quoted market prices for our ordinary shares. We therefore needed to make estimates of the fair value of our ordinary share at various dates for the following purposes:
- •
- Determining the fair value of our ordinary shares at the date of issuance of convertible instruments as one of the inputs into determining the intrinsic value of the beneficial conversion feature, if any.
- •
- Determining the fair value of our ordinary shares at the date of acquisition when we have acquired another entity and the consideration given includes our ordinary shares.
- •
- Determining the fair value of our ordinary shares at the date of the grant of a share-based compensation award to our employees as one of the inputs into determining the grant date fair value of the award.
Following our initial public offering, the fair value of our ordinary shares is determined by reference to the trading prices of our ADSs on the NASDAQ.
The following table sets forth the fair value of our ordinary shares estimated at different times prior to the completion of our initial public offering.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Date | | Class of Shares | | Fair Value | | Purpose of Valuation | | DLOM | | Discount Rate | |
---|
April 23, 2010 | | Ordinary Shares | | US$ | 4.50 | | Acquisition of Bona Cineplex | | | 16% | | | 22% | |
June 1, 2010 | | Ordinary Shares | | US$ | 4.75 | | Valuation of share-based compensation | | | 11% | | | 19% | |
July 26, 2010 | | Ordinary Shares | | US$ | 5.66 | | Assessment of beneficial conversion feature upon issuance of Series B-3 preferred shares and valuation of share-based compensation | | | 10% | | | 17% | |
When estimating the fair value of the ordinary shares, our management considered a number of factors, including the result of a third-party appraisal and equity transactions of our company, while taking into account standard valuation methods and the achievement of certain events.
The fair value of the ordinary shares was determined with the assistance of American Appraisal China Limited, or AA, an independent third-party valuation firm. The valuation reports from AA have been used as part of our analysis in reaching our conclusion on share values. We reviewed the valuation methodologies used by AA and believe the methodologies used are appropriate and the valuation results are representative of the fair value of our ordinary shares.
AA considered two generally accepted valuation approaches: market and income. In 2010, the comparability of earnings multiples of publicly traded film production and distribution companies and
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hence the reliability of market approach was low because most publicly traded film production and distribution companies operate in the United States and Japan and their market capitalization fluctuated significantly as a result of the global financial crisis while our operation and long term forecast had not been impacted by the same degree during this period. Therefore, AA used the discounted cash flow, or DCF, method of the income approach to assess the fair value of ordinary shares in 2010. The determination of the fair value of our ordinary shares requires complex and subjective judgments to be made regarding our projected financial and operating results, our unique business risks, the liquidity of our shares and our operating history and prospects at the time of valuation.
The major assumptions used in calculating the fair value of ordinary shares include:
Weighted average cost of capital, or WACC: WACCs of 22%, 19% and 17% were used for dates as of April 23, 2010, June 1, 2010 and July 26, 2010, respectively. The WACCs were determined by using the capital asset pricing model, or CAPM, a method that market participants commonly use to price securities. Under CAPM, the discount rate was estimated based on a consideration of the factors including risk-free rate, comparative industry risk, equity risk premium, company size, the company's state of development and company-specific factors as of the valuation date. The decrease in WACCs from April to July 2010 was due to the combined results of the following factors:
- (i)
- The continuous growth of our business and company size. As our size increased, small company risk premium, which is a component of our WACC, decreased from 6.3% as of July 2009 to 4.5% as of June 2010.
- (ii)
- A longer track record for forecasting. According to the guideline prescribed by the AICPA Audit and Accounting Practice Aid, "Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation," or the Practice Aid, when an enterprise has established a solid financial history, the reliability of forecasted results is generally higher than those made at an earlier stage, and therefore the perceived risk of investing in the enterprise is generally lower than in an earlier stage. Therefore, the estimated WACC, which reflects the perceived risk of and a market participant's expected rate of return for investing in our securities, also declined gradually from July 2009 to June 2010 as our company progressed through the earlier stages of development and towards this offering.
- (iii)
- Completion of the acquisition of Beijing Bona Cineplex and Beijing Bona Youtang on April 23, 2010. The acquisitions expanded our business to operation of movie theaters and lowered our business concentration risk, resulting in a lower unsystematic risk factor of our company.
- (iv)
- Additional financing obtained through the issuance of preferred shares. We issued our Series B-3 preferred shares for aggregate proceeds of US$5.0 million in July 2010. The closing of a new round of financing indicated that the uncertainty and risk perceived by investors in our business plan and our company was further reduced, resulting in a lower cost of capital. Decrease in WACC used for the valuation resulted in an increase in the determined fair value of the ordinary shares.
- (v)
- The improvement of controls over financial reporting with the recruitment of key management.
Comparable companies: In deriving the WACCs, which are used as the discount rates under the income approach, certain publicly traded companies in the film production and distribution industry were selected for reference as our guideline companies.
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To reflect the operating environment in China and the general sentiment in the U.S. capital markets towards the film production and distribution industry, the guideline companies were selected with consideration of the following factors: (i) the comparable companies should operate film production and distribution business; and (ii) the comparable companies should either have their principal operations in Asia Pacific, as we mainly operate in China, or are publicly listed in the United States, as we are a public company in the United States.
Discount for lack of marketability, or DLOM: AA quantified DLOM using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Under this option-pricing method, the cost of the put option, which can hedge the price change before the privately held shares can be sold, was considered as a basis to determine the DLOM. This option pricing method is one of the methods commonly used in estimating DLOM as it can take into consideration factors like timing of a liquidity event (such as an initial public offering) and estimated volatility of equity securities. The farther the valuation date is from an expected liquidity event, the higher the put option value and thus the higher the implied DLOM.
The DLOMs were estimated to be 16%, 11% and 10% as of April 23, 2010, June 1, 2010 and July 26, 2010, respectively. The lower DLOM is used for the valuation, the higher is the determined fair value of the ordinary shares. In the first quarter of 2010, we started the preparation for our initial public offering. Because of the proximity of the expected time of the offering, DLOM decreased from 16% for the valuation as of April 23, 2010, to 11% for the valuation as of June 1, 2010 and to 10% for the valuation as of July 26, 2010.
The income approach involves applying appropriate discount rates to estimated cash flows that are based on earnings forecasts. However, the fair values are inherently uncertain and highly subjective. The assumptions used in deriving the fair values are consistent with our business plan.
These assumptions include: no material changes in the existing political, legal and economic conditions in China; our ability to retain competent management, key personnel and staff to support our ongoing operations; and no material deviation in market conditions from economic forecasts.
These assumptions are inherently uncertain. The risks associated with achieving our forecasts were assessed in selecting the appropriate discount rates, which ranged from 17% to 29%.
AA used the option-pricing method to allocate enterprise value to preferred and ordinary shares, taking into account the guidance prescribed by the Practice Aid. The method treats common stock and preferred stock as call options on the enterprise's value, with exercise prices based on the liquidation preference of the preferred stock.
The option-pricing method involves making estimates of the anticipated timing of a potential liquidity event, such as a sale of our company or an initial public offering, and estimates of the volatility of our equity securities. The anticipated timing is based on the plans of our board of directors and management. Estimating the volatility of the share price of a privately held company is complex because there is no readily available market for the shares. We estimated the volatility of our shares to range from 39% to 74% based on the historical volatilities of comparable publicly traded companies engaged in similar lines of business. Had we used different estimates of volatility, the allocations between preferred and ordinary shares would have been different.
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The determined fair value of our ordinary shares increased from US$4.50 per share as of April 23, 2010 to US$4.75 per share as of June 1, 2010 and to US$5.66 as of July 26, 2010. We believe the increase in the fair value of our ordinary shares is primarily attributable to the following factors:
- •
- We continued to bolster our management and finance function by recruiting key management. Mr. Liang Xu joined our company as chief financial officer in June 2010.
- •
- Market sentiment towards initial public offerings continued to improve in the second quarter of 2010. As an indication, 37 companies completed their initial public offerings in the United States in the second quarter of 2010, compared to 27 companies in the first quarter of 2010. In addition, we made our first confidential submission of our registration statement relating to the initial public offering in July 2010. The proximity of the timing of the initial public offering to the date of valuation increased the liquidity of our shares and hence lowered DLOM from 16% as of April 23, 2010, to 11% as of June 1, 2010 and 10% as of July 26, 2010.
- •
- We issued ordinary shares and Series B-3 preferred shares for an aggregate of US$2.0 million and US$5.0 million, respectively, in July 2010. This new round of financing, together with the proximity of this offering, lowered our estimated cost of capital. Accordingly, the discount rate, which is based on a market participant's required rate of return, was lowered from 22% as of April 23, 2010, to 19% as of June 1, 2010 and 17% as of July 26, 2010, which resulted in an increase in our equity value and the estimated fair value of our ordinary shares.
We considered the guidance prescribed by the Practice Aid in determining the fair value of our ordinary shares as of various dates before our initial public offering. A detailed description of the valuation method used and the factors contributing to the changes in the fair value of our ordinary shares through July 26, 2010 is set out above. Paragraph 113 of the Practice Aid states that "the ultimate IPO price itself also is generally not likely to be a reasonable estimate of the fair value for pre-IPO equity transactions of the enterprise." We therefore believe that the ultimate price of the initial public offering was generally not likely to be a reasonable estimate of the fair value of our ordinary shares as of various dates before the initial public offering.
Nevertheless, we believe that the increase in fair value of our ordinary shares from US$5.66 per ordinary share as of July 26, 2010 to US$17.00 per ordinary share, the initial public offering price, was primarily attributable to the following factors:
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- •
- The six movie theaters that we acquired in April 2010 achieved greater profitability sooner than we had expected. Our movie theater business generated net income of US$0.3 million in the third quarter of 2010, compared to losses of US$0.4 million in the second quarter of 2010. As three of our movie theaters began commercial operation in the second half of 2010, due to these movie theaters' short operating history, our management could not anticipate that our movie theater business would achieve profitability when they reviewed our financial forecast in July 2010.
- •
- In September 2010, we negotiated favorable terms for a film and a television series, which increased our profit by a total of US$1.4 million.
New business opportunity
- •
- In September 2010, our movie theater business entered into an agreement with Bona Starlight, a development stage movie theater operator in the PRC, under the terms of which our movie theater business will provide management services for the movie theaters established by Bona Starlight, including negotiating agreements with theater circuits and advertisers and operating the movie theaters. In return, we are entitled to receive a portion of the box office receipts and advertising revenue generated by these movie theaters. In November 2010, we obtained a right of first refusal to acquire movie theaters developed by this company and a right of first refusal with respect to the shares of Bona Starlight.
- •
- We believe that these agreements will not only generate additional revenues in our movie theater business, but further enhance our ability to achieve economies of scope and scale, strengthen our brand and competitive position in the Chinese film industry, capture additional revenue streams throughout the film industry value chain, strengthen our integrated business model and enable us to continue to improve the movie going experiences of Chinese audiences.
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Share-based Compensation
Our share-based payment transactions with employees are measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity instrument we issued and recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period based on a graded vesting attribution method, with a corresponding impact reflected in additional paid-in capital.
The fair values of our option awards granted to employees and non-employees were estimated on the date of grant or the date of vesting using the binomial option pricing model based on the following assumptions.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 1, 2010 | | July 26, 2010 | | March 23, 2011 | | November 13, 2011 | | December 31, 2012 | |
---|
Risk-free interest rate | | | 4.36% | | | 1.26% | | | 2.89% | | | 2.78% | | | 2.08% | |
Expected dividend yield | | | nil | | | nil | | | nil | | | nil | | | nil | |
Expected volatility | | | 44% | | | 44% | | | 44% | | | 44% | | | 42% | |
Exercise multiple | | | 2.00 | | | 2.00 | | | 2.00 and 2.30 | | | 2.00 | | | 2.00 | |
Fair value of the underlying ordinary shares | | US$ | 4.75 | | US$ | 5.66 | | | US$12.37 | | US$ | 8.88 | | US$ | 9.84 | |
The risk-free rate is based on the implied yield of PRC international bonds denominated in U.S. dollars with maturity similar to the expected life of the option as of the valuation date. As we expected to grow the business with internally generated cash, we did not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Because we do not maintain an internal market for our ordinary shares, the expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of comparable publicly traded companies engaged in similar businesses. Exercise multiple represents the value of the underling share as a multiple of the exercise price of the option which, if achieved, results in exercise of the option of the option. The exercise multiple of the options was estimated based on an empirical study conducted by a third party.
In determining the fair value of the share options granted prior to the completion of our initial public offering in December 2010, we used the fair value of our ordinary shares as determined through retrospective valuations prepared with the assistance of AA. For more information, see "—Fair Value of our ordinary shares." Following our initial public offering in December 2010, the fair value of our ordinary shares has been determined by reference to the trading prices of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Stock Market as of the grant date of the share options.
Share-based compensation expense, based on the estimated fair value of share awards granted and the estimated forfeiture rate, will be recorded over vesting periods after the grant date on a straight-line basis with the amount of compensation expenses recognized in any period not less than the portion of the grant date fair value of the share awards vested during that period.
The estimate of forfeiture rate is reviewed and adjusted over the requisite service period to the extent that actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from such estimate. Changes in estimated forfeitures will be recognized through a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period of change.
We recorded share-based compensation of US$0.4 million, US$3.6 million and US$4.8 million for options granted to employees and non-employees for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively according to the graded vesting schedule on a straight-line basis with the amount of compensation expenses recognized in any period not less than the portion of the grant date fair value of the options vested during that period. As of December 31, 2012, we had a total of US$7.9 million in
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unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share options. The expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years according to the graded vesting schedule.
Fair value of Derivative Liabilities
We determined the fair value of the derivative liabilities associated with the issuances of our preferred shares with the assistance of AA. We used a "with-and-without" approach which takes into consideration the fair value increment between the scenario where the conversion option is not in place and the scenario where the conversion option is in place.
The first step of this approach was to determine the fair value of our equity interest as of various valuation dates. In determining the fair values of our equity interest, we considered both market approach and income approach, and selected the methodology that was most indicative of our fair value in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement dates. For more information regarding the main inputs and assumptions used in the determination of our equity interest, see "—Fair value of our ordinary shares."
The equity value was then allocated using option pricing method among the different classes of shares of our company to determine the fair value of ordinary shares and preferred shares under the scenario where the conversion option is not in place and the scenario where the conversion is in place, taking into account the guidance prescribed by the Practice Aid.
The option pricing model considers our Series A preferred shares, Series B preferred shares, and ordinary shares as call options on our company's equity value, with strike prices based on the redemption price of our Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares. Under the scenario where the conversion option is not in place, if, at the time of redemption occurs, the value of equity interest exceed the sum of redemption price of the preferred shares, the holders of preferred shares would only receive an amount up to the redemption price and each dollar of value in excess of the total redemption price should be distributed to holders of ordinary shares. Under the scenario where the conversion is in place, if, at the time redemption occurs, the value of equity interest goes up further to a point (the "Conversion Point") that the interest shared by the holders of preferred shares exceeds the redemption price when they select to convert the preferred shares into ordinary shares, each dollar of value in excess of the Conversion Point shall be distributed to the holders of preferred shares on as-converted basis. The analysis also incorporated estimates of probabilities of the events, such as an initial public offering, that will trigger the exercise of the conversion right.
The key assumptions used in valuation of the derivative liabilities are summarized in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 2010 | | July 2010 | | August 2010 | |
---|
Total fair value of equity interest (US$ in millions) | | | 131.7 | | | 136.7 | | | 138.7 | |
Expected life (years)(1) | | | 3.0 | | | 3.0 | | | 2.9 | |
Expected volatility(2) | | | 51 | % | | 48 | % | | 48 | % |
Risk free interest rate(3) | | | 2.1 | % | | 2.0 | % | | 2.0 | % |
Minimum redemption price of the preferred shares | | | 140% of original issuance price plus any declared but unpaid dividend | |
Estimated probability of events that trigger the exercise of conversion option(4) | | | 50 | % | | 60 | % | | 60 | % |
- (1)
- Expected life of the embedded derivatives
The expected life of the embedded derivatives was estimated based on the period between the valuation dates and the maturity dates of the preferred shares. After the issuance of Series B preferred shares in July 2009, the maturity date was considered to be 48 months from the issuance date of Series B preferred shares.
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- (2)
- Volatility
The volatility of the underlying ordinary shares during the life of the embedded derivatives was estimated based on average historical volatility of comparable companies for the period before the valuation date with lengths equal to the life of the embedded derivatives.
- (3)
- Risk-free interest rate
Risk-free interest rate is estimated based on the yield to maturity of PRC international government bonds with maturity term close to the life of the embedded derivatives.
- (4)
- Estimated probability of events that trigger the exercise of conversion option
The estimated probability of events that trigger the exercise of conversion option takes into consideration our stage of development, potential liquidity events such as redemption or initial public offering, the plans of our board of directors and management with respect to future developments and liquidity events, and the total fair value of the equity interest relative to the redemption price of the preferred shares, as of the valuation dates.
From June 2010 to August 2010, the fair value of the embedded conversion options associated with our Series A and Series B preferred shares increased by US$1.8 million, of which an increase of US$0.5 million was due to the issuance of our Series B-3 preferred shares and US$1.3 million was due to the increase of the probability of exercise of conversion feature from 50% to 60%. We believe the changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives of our Series A preferred shares, Series B-1 preferred shares and Series B-2 preferred shares were due to the net effect of the following: (i) the first confidential submission of our registration statement in July 2010 relating to our December 2010 initial public offering increased the estimated probabilities of the events that will trigger the exercise of conversion right; (ii) the proceeds of the ordinary shares and Series B-3 preferred shares issued in July 2010 increased our total equity interest and (iii) the ordinary shares and Series B-3 preferred shares issued in July 2010 had a dilutive effect on the conversion option associated with our Series A preferred shares, Series B-1 preferred shares and Series B-2 preferred shares.
On August 1, 2010, all the Series A and Series B shareholders and the board of directors passed resolutions to amend the redemption term of the preferred shares. The resolutions changed the redemption price of our preferred shares to be 140% of the issuance price plus any declared but unpaid dividends, instead of the higher of 140% of the issuance price or the fair market value of the preferred shares upon redemption. As a result of this amendment, the redemption price of our preferred shares was no longer linked to the fair value of the underlying preferred shares, and therefore the conversion features of our preferred shares did not meet the net settlement criterion of a derivative. Accordingly, the separate accounting at fair value for the conversion features was no longer required. The related derivative liabilities were eliminated against additional paid-in capital on the date of amendment.
Acquisition of Movie Theaters
In April 2010, we entered into a series of transactions to acquire Beijing Bona Cineplex and Beijing Bona Youtang, two companies that focus on the movie theater business in the PRC. These companies are beneficially owned by Mr. Dong Yu, our chairman and chief executive officer, and his immediate family member. The total consideration comprised 5,810,320 newly issued ordinary shares and the settlement of US$5.3 million that Mr. Dong Yu owed to us.
We have accounted for these transactions as a purchase and not as a reorganization of entities under common control. Pursuant to our articles of association that were effective prior to the completion of our initial public offering, the following matters among others needed to be approved by the Series A preferred shareholders: (1) the adoption of the annual budget of any of our subsidiaries or affiliated entities; (2) the appointment or removal or settlement of the terms of appointment of any senior manager (including any chief financial officer, chief operating officer or chief technology officer) of any of our subsidiaries or affiliated entities; and (3) approval, or making adjustment or modifications
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to the terms of transactions involving the interest of any director, shareholder or related party any of our subsidiaries or affiliated entities, including but not limited to the making of any loans or advances, whether directly or indirectly, or the provision of any guarantee, indemnity or security for or in connection with any indebtedness of liabilities of any director or shareholder of any of our subsidiaries or affiliated entities. In July 2009, upon the issuance of Series B preferred shares, the Series B shareholders had the same rights. These rights allowed the noncontrolling shareholders to participate in decisions that relate to the ordinary course of our business and prevented the majority ordinary shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu, from exercising control over our operating and financial policy decisions. As a result, Mr. Dong Yu lost control of Bona Film Group Limited upon the issuance of Series A preferred shares in July 2007.
In July 2011, we entered a series of agreements to acquire Alpha Speed Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and Bona Starlight, a PRC company which held five subsidiaries at the time of the acquisition primarily focused on the movie theater business in the PRC. Prior to the acquisitions, Alpha Speed Limited was owned 51% by Skillgreat Limited, which is wholly owned by Mr. Dong Yu, and Bona Starlight was also owned 51% by Mr. Dong Yu. We acquired Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight with total cash consideration of US$30.9 million, of which US$3.1 million was settled as an offset against the amount that our Company was owed by Mr. Dong Yu, and the remaining amount of which had been fully paid as of December 31, 2012.
In the acquisition, we determined the fair value and useful life of the intangible assets acquired based on the following:
- (i)
- The movie theater licenses acquired are film exhibition licenses issued by local film administration authorities that allow us to exhibit movies. The terms of the film exhibition licenses range from one to three years and are renewable upon inspection of the issuing authority. Since the government has been promoting the gradual liberalization of the film industry, we believes local film administration authorities normally grant the licenses to applicants as long as they can fulfill fixed asset investment and other relevant regulatory requirements. Therefore, we believe the licenses can be applied for and obtained through reasonable expenditure, without undue cost or time. Based on the above analysis, we concluded the cost approach should be applied for the determination of the fair value of the licenses. The cost approach takes into consideration the estimated staff costs, opportunities for fixed asset investment and overhead cost incurred for application of the licenses. We estimated the license has an indefinite life because we will renew it in the foreseeable future and do not expect that we will require substantial costs to renew or extend the licenses' legal life.
- (ii)
- As of the acquisition date, 41,657 individuals were registered as members of Beijing Bona Cineplex and Beijing Bona Youtang and those members can purchase movie tickets at discounted price. The fair value of movie theater memberships was appraised by "excess earning method" which takes into consideration the projected cash flow to be generated from the members. The most significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the approach we used to value movie theater membership are the estimated revenues and margin derived from sale of tickets to the members and the discount rate. The resulting cash flow is discounted at a rate approximating the estimated cost of equity of Beijing Bona Cineplex and Beijing Bona Youtang, which reflects a market participant's required rate of return for investing in the subject intangible asset. The terms of the membership range from one to five years with a weighted average of 1.8 years. The useful life of movie theater membership was determined based on the period over which the intangible asset will generate cash flow to our Company in the future.
- (iii)
- The fair value of favorable leases was determined by the incremental cash flow approach, which takes into consideration the projected rental expenses to be saved by virtue of
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ownership of lease agreements at rates more favorable than market rate. The most significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the approach that we used to value the favorable leases were the market rates for renting the premise of those movie theaters and the discount rate. The resulting rental saving was discounted at a rate approximating the estimated cost of equity of Beijing Bona Cineplex, Beijing Bona Youtang and Bona Starlight, which reflected a market participant's required rate of return for investing in the subject intangible asset.
A. Operating Results
Selected consolidated financial information
The following table sets forth selected consolidated operating income information as a percentage of our net revenues for the relevant periods:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
| | US$ | | % of revenues | | US$ | | % of revenues | | US$ | | % of revenues | |
---|
Net revenues | | | 52,819,786 | | | 100.0 | % | | 126,161,270 | | | 100.0 | % | | 142,282,919 | | | 100.0 | % |
Cost of revenues | | | 26,501,853 | | | 50.2 | % | | 66,458,217 | | | 52.7 | % | | 86,085,046 | | | 60.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Film participation expenses | | | 696,101 | | | 1.3 | % | | 321,100 | | | 0.3 | % | | 438,636 | | | 0.3 | % |
Selling and marketing expenses | | | 7,213,519 | | | 13.7 | % | | 18,506,262 | | | 14.7 | % | | 18,490,433 | | | 13.0 | % |
General and administrative expenses | | | 9,305,393 | | | 17.6 | % | | 28,371,497 | | | 22.5 | % | | 41,890,064 | | | 29.4 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 17,215,013 | | | 32.6 | % | | 47,198,859 | | | 37.4 | % | | 60,819,133 | | | 42.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Government subsidies | | | 88,147 | | | 0.2 | % | | 220,559 | | | 0.2 | % | | 3,866,700 | | | 2.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 9,191,067 | | | 17.4 | % | | 12,724,753 | | | 10.1 | % | | (754,560 | ) | | (0.5 | )% |
Changes in fair value of derivatives | | | (14,528,000 | ) | | (27.5 | )% | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Other income | | | 1,193,672 | | | 2.3 | % | | 2,318,103 | | | 1.8 | % | | 502,942 | | | 0.4 | % |
(Loss) income before income tax and equity in earnings of equity method investments, net of tax | | | (4,143,261 | ) | | (7.8 | )% | | 15,042,856 | | | 11.9 | % | | (251,618 | ) | | (0.2 | )% |
Provision for income taxes | | | 91,053 | | | 0.2 | % | | 473,542 | | | 0.4 | % | | 1,322,368 | | | 0.9 | % |
Equity in earnings of equity method investments, net of tax | | | 11,254 | | | 0.0 | % | | 3,062 | | | 0.0 | % | | 5,604 | | | 0.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income(1) | | | (4,223,060 | ) | | (8.0 | )% | | 14,572,376 | | | 11.6 | % | | (1,568,382 | ) | | (1.1 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income attributable to holders of ordinary shares of Bona Film Group Limited | | | (6,241,520 | ) | | (11.8 | )% | | 14,432,081 | | | 11.4 | % | | (1,283,882 | ) | | (0.9 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income per ordinary share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | (0.49 | ) | | | | | 0.49 | | | | | | (0.04 | ) | | | |
Diluted | | | (0.49 | ) | | | | | 0.48 | | | | | | (0.04 | ) | | | |
Shares used in computation of net income per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 12,758,575 | | | | | | 29,353,936 | | | | | | 29,514,979 | | | | |
Diluted | | | 12,758,575 | | | | | | 29,844,462 | | | | | | 29,514,979 | | | | |
- (1)
- As a supplement to net income, we use a non-GAAP financial measure of net income that is adjusted from results based on U.S. GAAP to exclude share-based compensation, changes in fair value of warrants and changes in fair value of derivatives and adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP excludes interest, taxes and non-cash depreciation and amortization charges. This non-GAAP measure is provided as additional information to help our investors compare business trends among different reporting periods on a consistent basis and to enhance investors' overall understanding of our current financial performance and prospects for the future. This non-GAAP financial measure should be considered in addition to results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, but should not be considered a substitute for or superior to U.S. GAAP results. In addition, our
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definition of non-GAAP net income may be different from the definitions used by other companies, and therefore comparability may be limited.
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of our non-GAAP net income and adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) to our U.S. GAAP net income.
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Net income (loss) | | | (4,223,060 | ) | | 14,572,376 | | | (1,568,382 | ) |
Adjustment for share-based compensation | | | 447,345 | | | 3,647,144 | | | 4,803,163 | |
Adjustment for changes in fair value of derivatives | | | 14,528,000 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) | | | 10,752,285 | | | 18,219,520 | | | 3,234,781 | |
Adjustment for interest | | | (463,314 | ) | | 200,022 | | | 152,896 | |
Adjustment for taxes | | | 91,053 | | | 473,542 | | | 1,322,368 | |
Adjustment for depreciation & amortization | | | 1,074,059 | | | 2,711,958 | | | 4,370,679 | |
| | | | | | | |
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) | | | 11,454,083 | | | 21,605,042 | | | 9,080,724 | |
| | | | | | | |
Discussion of Segment Operations
We review our results of operations according to four operating segments when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. The segments are (i) film distribution, (ii) film investment and production, (iii) talent agency and (iv) movie theater.
Segment Revenues
Film distribution. Our film distribution segment generates revenues from external customers. Its revenues are comprised of our share of the box office receipts for our distribution services, to the extent we have distribution rights outside the PRC, the revenue we derive from those arrangements, advertising revenues and revenue we generate from the sale of broadcasting rights to television stations and internet companies.
Film investment and production. Our film investment and production segment generates revenues both from external customers and, through inter-segment transactions, from our own distribution entities. Our film investment and production segment generates revenues from external customers where we have invested in a film but do not act as the principal distributor. Our film investment and production segment generates revenues through inter-segment transactions where we have invested in a film and act as the principal distributor.
Talent agency. The talent agency segment generates revenues only from external customers for our talent agency services.
Movie theater. The movie theater segment generates revenues from ticket sales and concession sales at the box office.
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Segment Cost of Revenues
Film distribution. Cost of revenues for our film distribution segment include (1) the amortization of the cost of acquiring distribution rights and participation rights where we cooperate with other distributors to distribute films as a participating distributor but is not the primary obligor; (2) the amount we remit to participating distributors when we are the principal but not sole distributor; (3) the amount we remit to film producers when they are entitled to share the box office sales with us based on the distribution arrangement; (4) where we produce the film, this amount includes any amount paid by our film distribution operations to our film investment and production operations; and (5) costs incurred in providing film-related advertising services.
Film investment and production. Cost of revenues for our film investment and production segment include the amortization of production costs for films of which we have invested in the production.
Talent agency. Cost of revenues for our talent agency segment primarily consists of compensation paid to artists.
Movie theater. Cost of revenue for our movie theater business primarily consists of box office split with theater circuits.
The following tables set forth our revenues from external customers, cost of revenues and segment profit. Segment profit is gross profit less film participation expenses by segments for the periods indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, 2012 | |
---|
| | Film distribution | | Film investment and production | | Talent agency | | Movie theater | | Intersegment elimination | | Consolidated | |
---|
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Revenues from external customers | | | 62,929,581 | | | 37,022,215 | | | 610,707 | | | 41,720,416 | | | — | | | 142,282,919 | |
Intersegment revenues | | | 1,135,944 | | | 36,708,717 | | | — | | | — | | | (37,844,661 | ) | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 64,065,525 | | | 73,730,932 | | | 610,707 | | | 41,720,416 | | | (37,844,661 | ) | | 142,282,919 | |
Cost of revenues | | | (38,937,435 | ) | | (66,875,543 | ) | | (24,097 | ) | | (18,092,632 | ) | | 37,844,661 | | | (86,085,046 | ) |
Film participation expenses | | | — | | | (438,636 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (438,636 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment profit | | | 25,128,090 | | | 6,416,753 | | | 586,610 | | | 23,627,784 | | | — | | | 55,759,237 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, 2011 | |
---|
| | Film distribution | | Film investment and production | | Talent agency | | Movie theater | | Intersegment elimination | | Consolidated | |
---|
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Revenues from external customers | | | 92,598,838 | | | 6,176,820 | | | 1,349,186 | | | 26,036,426 | | | — | | | 126,161,270 | |
Intersegment revenues | | | 2,246,219 | | | 44,298,547 | | | — | | | — | | | (46,544,766 | ) | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 94,845,057 | | | 50,457,367 | | | 1,349,186 | | | 26,036,426 | | | (46,544,766 | ) | | 126,161,270 | |
Cost of revenues | | | (57,979,720 | ) | | (43,480,636 | ) | | (117,487 | ) | | (11,425,140 | ) | | 46,544,766 | | | (66,458,217 | ) |
Film participation expenses | | | — | | | (321,100 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (321,100 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment profit | | | 36,865,337 | | | 6,673,631 | | | 1,231,699 | | | 14,611,286 | | | — | | | 59,381,953 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, 2010 | |
---|
| | Film distribution | | Film investment and production | | Talent agency | | Movie theater | | Intersegment elimination | | Consolidated | |
---|
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Revenues from external customers | | | 36,260,981 | | | 3,089,161 | | | 2,136,451 | | | 11,333,193 | | | — | | | 52,819,786 | |
Intersegment revenues | | | 279,560 | | | 17,211,668 | | | — | | | — | | | (17,491,228 | ) | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 36,540,541 | | | 20,300,829 | | | 2,136,451 | | | 11,333,193 | | | (17,491,228 | ) | | 52,819,786 | |
Cost of revenues | | | (22,129,328 | ) | | (15,375,079 | ) | | (1,172,549 | ) | | (5,316,125 | ) | | 17,491,228 | | | (26,501,853 | ) |
Film participation expenses | | | — | | | (696,101 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (696,101 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment profit | | | 14,411,213 | | | 4,229,649 | | | 963,902 | | | 6,017,068 | | | — | | | 25,621,832 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2011
Net Revenues. Our net revenues increased by 12.8% from US$126.2 million in 2011 to US$142.3 million in 2012. This increase was largely attributable to increased revenues from the Company's film investment and production and movie theater segments, partially offset by a decline in film distribution revenue.
Segment revenues from our film distribution segment decreased by 32.5% from US$94.8 million in 2011 to US$64.1 million in 2012. During 2012, we distributed 15 new films theatrically, including two imported films for which we assisted in the marketing. In addition, we recognized incremental revenue fromThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate, our December 2011 blockbuster, in the first quarter of 2012. The decrease in net revenues from the film distribution segment was mainly due to the lower-than-expected box office performance ofThe Last Tycoon.
Segment revenues from our film investment and production segment increased by 46.1% from US$50.5 million in 2011 to US$73.7 million in 2012. This increase was primarily attributable to the success of our TV series,The King's Battles.
Segment revenues from our talent agency segment decreased from US$1.3 million in 2011 to US$0.6 million in 2012.
Segment revenues from our movie theater segment increased by 60.2% from US$26.0 million in 2011 to US$41.7 million in 2012. This increase was primarily attributable to the increase in the number of theaters and screens resulting from our strategic expansion efforts. We owned and operated 20 theaters as of December 31, 2012, compared with 11 as of December 31, 2011.
Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues increased by 29.5% from US$66.5 million in 2011 to US$86.1 million in 2012, primarily as a result of increased theater segment cost of revenues due to the nine new movie theaters we began operating during 2012.
Segment cost of revenues from our film distribution segment decreased by 32.8% from US$58.0 million in 2011 to US$38.9 million in 2012 mainly due to the decrease in remittances to producers in connection with films, such asThe Last Tycoon, comparing with films in 2011, such asThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate.
Segment cost of revenues from our film investment and production segment increased by 53.8% from US$43.5 million in 2011 to US$66.9 million in 2012. This increase was primarily due to the acceleration of the amortization of production costs based on the economic performance and public
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acceptance of certain films, impairment of production costs using a discounted cash flow approach, and cost of revenues of our TV seriesThe King's Battles.
Segment cost of revenues from our talent agency segment decreased from US$0.1 million in 2011 to US$0.02 million in 2012.
Segment cost of revenues from our movie theater segment increased by 58.4% from US$11.4 million in 2011 to US$18.1 million in 2012. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in the number of theaters and screens we operated as a result of our strategic expansion efforts. We owned and operated 20 theaters as of December 31, 2012, compared with 11 as of December 31, 2011.
Film Participation Expenses. Our film participation expenses were US$0.3 million and US$0.4 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Our participation expenses in 2012 were primarily incurred in connection with the syndication of film participation interests in the filmThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate.
Segment profit from our film distribution segment decreased by 31.8% from US$36.9 million in 2011 to US$25.1 million in 2012, mainly due to the lower-than-expected box office performance ofThe Last Tycoon, with segment profit margin increasing slightly over the same period from 38.9% to 39.2%.
Segment profit from our film investment and production segment decreased by 3.8% from US$6.7 million in 2011 to US$6.4 million in 2012, with segment profit margin decreasing over the same period from 13.2% to 8.7%, largely due to the unpredictable nature of the film production and investment business.
Segment profit from our talent agency segment decreased from US$1.2 million in 2011 to US$0.6 million in 2012 with segment profit margin increasing over the same period from 91.3% to 96.1%.
Segment profit from our movie theater segment increased by 61.7% from US$14.6 million in 2011 to US$23.6 million in 2012 as a result of the increase in the number of theaters and screens we operated as a result of our strategic expansion efforts. We owned and operated 20 theaters as of December 31, 2012, compared with 11 as of December 31, 2011. Segment profit margin increased from 56.1% in 2011 to 56.6% in 2012.
Other Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses increased by 28.8% from US$46.9 million in 2011 to US$60.4 million in 2012.
- •
- Selling and Marketing Expenses. Our selling and marketing expenses were US$18.5 million and US$18.5 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively.
- •
- General and Administrative Expenses. Our general and administrative expenses increased by 47.6% from US$28.4 million in 2011 to US$41.9 million in 2012 primarily due to the expansion of our movie theater business.
Operating Income (Loss). As a result of the foregoing, our operating income decreased by 105.9% from US$12.7 million in 2011 to an operating loss of US$0.8 million in 2012.
Other Income. We generated other income of US$2.3 million and US$0.5 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively.
Tax Provision. We made provisions for income taxes of US$0.5 million and US$1.3 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively.
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Equity in Earnings of Equity Method Investments. We recorded equity in earnings of affiliated companies of US$3,062 in 2011 and US$5,604 in 2012 primarily in connection with Beijing Bona Meitao Culture and Media Co. Ltd.
Net Income (Loss). As a result of the foregoing, we generated net income of US$14.6 million in 2011 and net loss of US$1.6 million in 2012. Excluding share-based compensation, changes in fair value of warrants and changes in fair value of derivatives, our non-GAAP net income was US$18.2 million and US$3.2 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Further excluding interest, taxes and non-cash depreciation and amortization charges, our EBITDA, non-GAAP was US$21.6 million and US$9.1 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively. See footnote (1) in our selected consolidated operating income information set forth in "—Results of Operations—Selected consolidated financial information."
Net Loss Attributable to Non-controlling Shareholders. Net loss attributable to non-controlling shareholders represents non-controlling shareholders' share of our net income based on their equity interest in Cinema Popular Limited, Distribution Workshop (BVI) Ltd., Distribution Workshop (HK) Ltd. Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd, Shanghai Bona Yinxing Cinema, Changsha Mango Bona Cineplex, Tianjin Bona Nongken Cinema, Tianjin Bona Jinkang Cinema. Net loss attributable to non-controlling shareholders was net income US$0.1 million in 2011 and net loss US$0.3 million in 2012.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Our Company. As a result of the foregoing, net income attributable to our company amounted to US$14.4 million in 2011, and net loss attributable to our company of US$1.3 million in 2012.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Holders of Our Ordinary Shares. As a result of the foregoing, net income attributable to holders of our ordinary shares was US$14.4 million in 2011, and net loss of US$1.3 million in 2012.
Year Ended December 31, 2011 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2010
Net Revenues. Our net revenues increased by 138.9% from US$52.8 million in 2010 to US$126.2 million in 2011. This increase was mainly attributable to an increase in net revenues from film distribution and film investment and production of US$59.4 million due mainly to the newly released filmsOverheard 2,The Sorcerer and the White Snake andThe Flying Swaords of Dragon Gate, as well as to our movie theater business. The acquisition of Bona Starlight in July 2011 and the net revenues of the movie theaters we acquired in 2010 also contributed to the increase in net revenues.
Segment revenues from our film distribution segment increased by 159.6% from US$36.5 million in 2010 to US$94.8 million in 2011. The increase was mainly due to the releases of films such asOverheard 2,The Sorcerer and the White Snake andThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate.
Segment revenues from our film investment and production segment increased by 148.6% from US$20.3 million in 2010 to US$50.5 million in 2011. This increase was primarily due to inter-segment revenues from the release of our blockbuster filmThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate for which we were the lead distributor.
Segment revenues from our talent agency segment decreased by 36.8% from US$2.1 million in 2010 to US$1.3 million in 2011. In 2011, we signed a greater portion of our talent agency contracts together with the artist and the third party, and therefore recognized a greater portion of our talent agency revenues net of the payment to the artists, rather than on a gross basis, which caused our revenues from our talent agency segment to decrease from 2010 to 2011.
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Segment revenues from our movie theater segment increased by 129.7% from US$11.3 million in 2010 to US$26.0 million in 2011. This increase was primarily due to the acquisition of Bona Starlight in July 2011 and net revenues generated by the movie theaters we acquired in 2010.
Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues increased by 150.8% from US$26.5 million in 2010 to US$66.5 million in 2011, primarily as a result of the acquisition of the movie theaters previously owned by Bona Starlight, and an increase in amortization of production costs of films in which we were a lead investor, in particularThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate.
Segment cost of revenues from our film distribution segment increased by 162.0% from US$22.1 million in 2010 to US$58.0 million in 2011 mainly due to the increase in remittances to producers in connection with films having high box office receipts, such asThe Sorcerer and the White Snake and our blockbuster filmThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate.
Segment cost of revenues from our film investment and production segment increased by 182.8% from US$15.4 million in 2010 to US$43.5 million in 2011, primarily as a result of increased amortization of production costs of films in which we were a lead investor, such asOverheard 2 andThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate.
Segment cost of revenues from our talent agency segment decreased by 90.0% from US$1.2 million in 2010 to US$0.1 million in 2011, primarily because we recognized a greater portion of our talent agency revenues net of the payment to the artists in 2011 and therefore recognized a smaller portion of payments to artists in segment cost of revenues.
Segment cost of revenues from our movie theater segment increased by 114.9% from US$5.3 million in 2010 to US$11.4 million in 2011, primarily due to the acquisition of Bona Starlight, as well as costs incurred by the movie theaters we acquired in 2010.
Film Participation Expenses. Our film participation expenses were US$0.7 million in 2010 and US$0.3 million in 2011. Our film participation expenses in 2011 were primarily incurred in connection with the syndication of film participation interests in the filmsWhat Women Want andThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate.
Segment profit from our film distribution segment increased by 155.8% from US$14.4 million in 2010 to US$36.9 million in 2011, with segment profit margin decreasing slightly over the same period from 39.4% to 38.9%. The increase in segment profit was largely attributable to higher box office receipts of the films we distributed in 2011, such asOverheard 2,The Sorcerer and the White Snake andThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate.
Segment profit from our film investment and production segment increased by 57.8% from US$4.2 million in 2010 to US$6.7 million in 2011, primarily due to higher box office receipts of films we invested in and produced in 2011, such asOverheard 2 andThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate. Segment profit margin decreased over the same period from 20.8% to 13.2%, primarily due to the unpredictable nature of the film production and investment business.
Segment profit from our talent agency segment increased from US$1.0 million in 2010 to US$1.2 million in 2011 as a result of the representation of an increased number of new artists, with segment profit margin increasing over the same period from 45.1% to 91.3% largely due to more talent agency segment revenue being booked on a net basis instead of a gross basis.
Segment profit from our movie theater segment increased by 142.8% from US$6.0 million in 2010 to US$14.6 million in 2011 as a result of increased segment revenues, with segment profit margin
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increasing over the same period from 53.1% to 56.1% largely due to the box office earning maturity of movie theaters that we acquired in 2010.
Other Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses increased by 183.8% from US$16.5 million in 2010 to US$46.9 million in 2011.
- •
- Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased by 156.5% from US$7.2 million in 2010 to US$18.5 million in 2011, primarily in connection with the promotion of our newly released films.
- •
- General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased significantly from US$9.3 million in 2010 to US$28.4 million in 2011, primarily in connection with the expansion of our business, especially the expansion of our movie theater business, and an increase in professional fees associated with being a U.S.-listed company.
Operating Profit. As a result of the foregoing, our operating profit increased by 38.4% from US$9.2 million in 2010 to US$12.7 million in 2011.
Other Income (Loss). We generated other loss of US$13.3 million in 2010 and other income of US$2.3 million in 2011. We did not recognize any change in fair value of derivatives in 2011 because the redemption terms of our preferred shares were amended in August 2010, and as a result we had ceased to recognize derivative liabilities and change in fair value of derivatives from the date of such amendment.
Tax Provision. We made provisions for income taxes of US$0.1 million and US$0.5 million in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The change in income tax provision from 2010 to 2011 was mainly due to the increase in net income before income tax provision generated by our Hong Kong entities subject to 16.5% income tax rate and our movie theaters subject to 25% income tax rate in 2011.
Equity in Earnings of Equity Method Investments. We recorded equity in earnings of affiliated companies of US$11,254 in 2010 and US$3,062 in 2011 primarily in connection with Beijing Bona Meitao Culture and Media Co, Ltd.
Net Income (Loss). As a result of the foregoing, we generated net loss of US$4.2 million in 2010 and net income of US$14.6 million in 2011. Excluding share-based compensation, changes in fair value of warrants and changes in fair value of derivatives, our non-GAAP net income was US$10.8 million and US$18.2 million in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Further, excluding interest, taxes and non-cash depreciation and amortization charges, our EBITDA, non-GAAP was US$11.5 million and US$21.6 million in 2010 and 2011, respectively. See footnote (1) in our selected consolidated operating income information set forth in "—Results of Operations—Selected consolidated financial information."
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Non-controlling Shareholders. Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling shareholders represents non-controlling shareholders' share of our net income based on their equity interest in Cinema Popular Limited, Distribution Workshop (BVI) Ltd., Distribution Workshop (HK) Ltd., Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd. (before the year 2011), Xi'an Huitong Bona Film Culture Media Co, Ltd., Shanghai Bona Yinxing Cinema Development Co., Ltd. and Changsha Mango Bona Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. We recorded net loss attributable to non-controlling shareholders of US$0.1 million in 2010 and net income of US$0.1 million in 2011.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Our Company. As a result of the foregoing, net loss attributable to our company of US$4.1 million in 2010, and net income attributable to our company of US$14.4 million in 2011.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Holders of Our Ordinary Shares. As a result of the foregoing, net loss attributable to holders of our ordinary shares was US$6.2 million in 2010, and net income attributable to holders of our ordinary shares of US$14.4 million in 2011.
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Our primary sources of liquidity have historically been proceeds from issuances of convertible notes and warrants and issuances of preferred shares, net proceeds from our initial public offering, proceeds from bank and other borrowings, and film financing participations. As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately US$23.2 million in cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents generally consist of bank deposits and liquid investments with maturities of three months or less.
We require cash to acquire film distribution rights, fund film and television series productions and undertake distribution and marketing activities in connection with film distributions. We also require cash for other working capital needs for our daily operations, salary and benefits and other cash needs. We generally fund such cash needs through a combination of:
- (i)
- borrowings, including:
- •
- term loans, which are typically provided by banks on a film-by-film basis and repaid on a first priority basis with the box office receipts from such films, including, as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, a loan from from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China with an outstanding principal amount of RMB50.0 million (US$8.0 million) and a loan from Bank of Beijing with an outstanding principal amount of RMB50.0 million (US$8.0 million); and
- •
- revolving loans, including, as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, a revolving line of credit of US$20.0 million under our credit facility with East West Bank, with an aggregate outstanding principal amount of US$20.0 million;
- (ii)
- film participations, which consist of the sale of a share of a film's worldwide revenues to a third party and are typically repaid with such film's worldwide revenues; and
- (iii)
- cash from our operations, which primarily consist of cash generated by films from prior periods.
In addition, we require cash to operate and expand our movie theater business. We funded the expansion of our movie theater business in 2010, 2011 and 2012 using cash from operations and proceeds from initial public offering. We intend to significantly increase the number of movie theaters that we operate in the coming years. We intend to fund such growth with cash generated by our existing movie theater business and films that we distribute, as well as additional future bank loans.
As we have expanded our business, increased the amount of our financing of film productions and grown our movie theater business, our cash requirements for each of 2010, 2011 and 2012 have correspondingly increased. Our net cash from operations became positive in 2011 but our cash requirements exceeded the cash generated from our operations for 2012. This change was primarily due to increased investment in films.
We believe that our cash and cash equivalents, our anticipated cash flow from operations, our credit facilities and the net proceeds we received from our initial public offering will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the next 12 months. For the next 12 to 24 months, we expect to meet our anticipated cash needs through bank loans and from funds provided by films in which we are the lead investor and from which we receive film participation fees from other investors, our film distribution business and our movie theater business.
East West Bank Credit Facility. On November 20, 2012, Bona Entertainment Company Limited, our wholly owned Hong Kong subsidiary, entered into a loan agreement with East West Bank (NASDAQ: EWCB), or the East West Loan Agreement. On the same date, Bona Entertainment Company Limited requested, and East West Bank agreed to provide, a variable rate revolving line of credit in the amount of $20.0 million. As of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, we had an aggregate principal amount of $20.0 million outstanding under this credit facility. The purpose of the credit line is to pay for operational needs, for example, to fund upcoming productions and acquire distribution rights to international films in China. Bona Entertainment Company Limited is obligated to repay the outstanding principal in full plus all accrued unpaid interest on November 20, 2015. In
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addition, Bona Entertainment Company Limited shall make monthly payments of interest during the term of the loan, which shall accrue at the rate of LIBOR plus 0.25% but in no event less than 3.5% per annum. Under the East West Loan Agreement, as amended, we agreed to certain financial covenants, including to maintain minimum cash assets of $5.0 million at all times during the effective period of the East West Loan Agreement, as well as to maintain a ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth of no more than 2:1 and a ratio of maximum total funded debt to EBITDA no greater than 3.8:1, or the EBITDA covenant, in each case on a quarterly basis calculated based on average consolidated balance sheet figures of our company for the most recent four quarters in accordance with the definitions set forth in the loan agreement. We also agreed to comply with all terms and conditions of all other agreements between us and any other party, and that our company and its subsidiaries (excluding for this purpose our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries) will not to incur or assume indebtednes, other than indebtedness to East West Bank and trade debt incurred in the ordinary course of business without East West Bank's prior written consent, among other covenants.
Events of default under the East West Loan Agreement include: (i) failure to make any payment when due under the East West Loan Agreement; (ii) failure to comply with or perform any other term, obligation, covenant or condition of the East West Loan Agreement, the security and guarantee agreements and other agreements related to the East West Loan Agreement, and any other agreement between us and East West Bank; (iii) default by us on any other agreement in favor of any other person that may materially affect any of our property or our ability to repay the loan or perform our obligations under the East West Loan Agreement and related agreements, among other events of default. Other than a default on indebtedness or any other default with respect to which we have received a notice of similar default in the preceding 12 months, we shall have 15 days to cure a default or, if the cure requires more time, 15 days to initiate steps that East West Bank deems in its discretion to be sufficient to cure the default. Upon a default, the interest rate of the loan shall immediately increase by an additional five percentage points.
Bona Entertainment Company Limited granted to East West Bank a security interest in all of Bona Entertainment Company Limited's assets and property to secure the indebtedness under the East West Loan Agreements. Bona International Film Group Limited, our wholly owned British Virgin Islands subsidiary, has provided a full and unconditional guarantee for full and punctual payment of the indebtedness under the East West Loan Agreement and the performance of all of our obligations under the East West Loan Agreement and related agreements.
We obtained waivers from East West Bank for non-compliance with the EBITDA covenant as of December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013. This non-compliance resulted from our lower-than-expected financial results as of and for the three months ended December 31, 2012. For more information about risks related to our credit facilities, see "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Any non-compliance of our loan agreements could result in significant liquidity problems and have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition."
CITIC Credit Facility. On August 3, 2012, our company entered into a facility letter, or the CITIC facility letter, with CITIC Bank International Limited, or CITIC International, pursuant to which CITIC International has agreed to provide to our company a credit facility for term loans up to $16 million, or the CITIC credit facility. The purpose of loans granted pursuant to the CITIC credit facility shall be for general working capital, and the loan proceeds shall not be repatriated into the PRC. Such loans shall have a term of one year, with principal repayable on the final maturity date. Interest at the rate of LIBOR plus 2.95% per annum shall be payable at the end of each interest period. In accordance with the CITIC facility letter, Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) entered into a standby letter of credit issuance agreement with CITIC Bank International (China) Co., Ltd., or CITIC China, on August 13, 2012. Pursuant to this agreement, CITIC China agreed to grant a standby letter of credit to CITIC International to guarantee the obligations of our company under the CITIC facility letter. As a condition to CITIC China's granting of any letter of credit, Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) agreed to open a term deposit account with CITIC China, or the CITIC account, and maintain
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a balance in the CITIC account of no less than the amount of outstanding standby letters of credit issued by CITIC China. In addition, Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) entered into a deposit pledge agreement dated August 13, 2012 with CITIC China pursuant to which Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) granted a security interest in the certificate of deposit with respect to the CITIC account to CITIC China to secure Bona Film Group Co., Ltd.'s obligations under the standby letter of credit issuance agreement. Defaults under the standby letter of credit include (i) failure by Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) to repay the amount of a drawdown of a letter of credit and the related fee on the date of such drawdown, (ii) failure by Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) to reimburse CITIC China for any expenses incurred under the standby letter of credit issuance agreement and the deposit pledge agreement, and (iii) any breach by Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement under the standby letter of credit issuance greement and the deposit pledge agreement. We drew down two loans under the CITIC in 2012 with aggregate principal amount of approximately US$8.9 million. We repaid one of these loans in December 2012. The remaining loan had a principal amount of approximately US$4.5 million as of December 31, 2012. We repaid this loan in January 2013.
ICBC Fixed Asset Term Loans. From time to time, we obtain term loans from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. These loans are typically fixed asset loans the proceeds of which must be used to finance a particular film or television series. Typically, we must open a supervised account with the lender into which we must deposit the proceeds from the project financed by the loan (such as box office receipts), and from which may not withdraw any amounts without the written consent of the lender before repayment of the loan. The timing of drawdowns are in accordance with the shooting process of the financed project. Generally, defaults under these loans include failure to pay to make principal, interest or other payments under the loan when they become due, breach of any representation, warranty or undertaking under the loan agreement, failure to settle other payable debts or perform our obligations under other agreements which failure affects or likely to affect our performance of our obligations thereunder, or the deterioration of our financial or operating condition which affects or is likely to affect performances of our obligations thereunder, among others. If we default on the loan, the lender is entitled to directly deduct all amounts due and payable from the supervised account. As of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, we had one such loan with an outstanding principal amount of RMB50.0 million (US$8.0 million).
Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. and Mr. Dong Yu have provided joint guarantees for this loan. For information about risks involved with Mr. Yu's personal guarantees of our bank borrowings, see "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Dong Yu, has provided personal guarantees to secure our obligations under certain credit facilities and may continue to grant additional guarantees in the future. Defaults under these credit facilities could result in a sale of a significant portion of Mr. Dong Yu's equity interest in our company."
Cash Flow
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | | (32,394,544 | ) | | 2,239,544 | | | (9,646,869 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (8,429,118 | ) | | (48,826,052 | ) | | (12,180,458 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 117,424,948 | | | (17,640,985 | ) | | 24,993,729 | |
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | | | 228,485 | | | 86,858 | | | (227,829 | ) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash | | | 76,829,771 | | | (64,140,635 | ) | | 3,120,573 | |
Cash at the beginning of the year | | | 7,418,213 | | | 84,247,984 | | | 20,107,349 | |
Cash at the end of the year | | | 84,247,984 | | | 20,107,349 | | | 23,227,922 | |
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Each of the 20 theaters we operated as of December 31, 2012 has entered into a lease agreement for the use of the premises where the movie theater is located. These lease agreements are for periods ranging from 10 to 20 years. Our lease agreements also usually provide us with an initial six-month rent free period. Under the lease agreements, our movie theaters have agreed to use the premises for theater-related operations, to maintain the premises in accordance with provisions of the leases, to comply with regulatory requirements such as sanitary standards, fire protection and public security, pay the lease payments by time, and not to sub-lease the premises without the prior consent of the lessor. If our movie theaters were to breach any of these obligations, subject in some cases, to a materiality threshold or an opportunity to cure, the lessor may terminate the lease agreement, require our theaters to return the leased premises and pay all outstanding expenses and damages. If any of these lease agreements is terminated, our movie theater business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if our movie theater business does not generate sufficient revenues to service our payment obligations under these leases, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Our movie theater business has substantial lease obligations, which could impair our financial condition."
Operating Activities
Our net cash used in operating activities was US$9.5 million in 2012. We had net loss of US$1.6 million, production costs of US$64.8 million, mainly attributable to the filmsThe Last Tycoon andThe White-Haired Witch, and decrease in distribution rights of US$9.7 million, mainly due to the filmInferno. These items were partially offset by the add-back of certain non-cash items, including amortization of production costs, premarily related to the filmThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate and the television seriesThe King's Battles, share based compensation expense of US$4.8 million, and depreciation and amortization of US$4.4 million, as well as an increase in accounts payable of US$4.0 million primarily due to profit sharing payments to producers of the films and television we distributed, such asThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate andThe King's Battles.
Our net cash provided by operating activities amounted to US$2.2 million in 2011. We had an amortization of production costs of US$37.1 million, an increase in accounts payable of US$13.1 million and an increase of US$9.8 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The amortization of production costs were mainly related to the films we distributed and produced, such asOverheard 2 and the blockbuster filmThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate. The increase of accounts payable was mainly related to profit sharing payments to film-producers of the films we distributed, such asThe Sorcerer and the White Snake. The increase of accrued expenses and other current liabilities are mainly attributable to the advance we received from network broadcasting sales ofThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate and television station broadcasting sales of our distributed and invested television series,The King's Battles. These increases were partly offset by production costs of US$40.4 million, an increase in accounts receivable of US$25.6 million, prepaid expenses and other current assets of US$14.0 million. We incurred production costs primarily in connection with our increased investments in film projects as a lead investor. The increase in accounts receivable was mainly due toThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate, which was released on December 15, 2011. A substantial portion of the box office receipts ofThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate were remitted to us in the first quarter of year 2012.
Our net cash used in operating activities amounted to US$32.4 million in 2010. We had an increase in production costs of US$61.5 million due to the fact that we have been increasingly investing in film projects as a lead investor. This is partly offset by the amortization of distribution rights and production costs amounting to US$19.7 million in relation to the blockbuster films we distributed and produced likeBodyguards and Assassins,Just Call Me Nobody, andTriple Tap. Our decrease in accounts payable of US$3.3 million was largely attributable to the repayment of liabilities in connection with the capital expenditure of the cinema business we acquired in April 2010. This was partly offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of US$4.9 million, primarily attributable toBodyguards and Assassins,
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which was initially exhibited in theaters on December 18, 2009, but for which a substantial portion of the box office receipts were remitted to us in 2010.
Investing Activities
Our net cash used in investing activities was US$12.2 million in 2012. This was primarily due to purchase of property and equipment of US$17.6 million, primarily attributable to purchases of leasehold improvements and equipment such as computers and operating equipment, partially offset by a decrease in term deposit of US$6.0 million.
Our net cash used in investing activities amounted to US$48.8 million in 2011. Our net cash used in investing activities in 2011 was primarily due to (i) acquisition of business of US$24.2 million, which largely related to our acquisition of Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight, (ii) purchase of property and equipment of US$9.7 million related mostly to purchases of leasehold improvements and equipment such as computers and operating equipment, (iii) an increase in term deposit of US$6.0 million; (iv) an increase in restricted cash of US$4.1 million and (v) loans to related parties of US$4.0 million, which primarily related to loans we made to Bona Starlight before the acquisition of such company. This was partly offset by the proceeds of US$2.6 million from repayment of loans to third parties.
Our net cash used in investing activities amounted to US$8.4 million in 2010. Our net cash used in investing activities in 2010 was primarily due to (i) loans to third parties of US$3.9 million, which primarily related to an entrusted loan with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited, (ii) loans to related parties of US$1.7 million, which primarily related to Beijing Bona Xingguang Cinema Investment Company, (iii) purchase of property and equipment of US$2.7 million mostly related to purchases of leasehold improvements and equipment such as computers and operating equipment, and investments in affiliates and (iv) loans to a television series producer of US$1.2 million. This was partly offset by cash acquired on the acquisition of our movie theater business of US$1.5 million.
Financing Activities
In 2012, we had net cash provided by financing activities of US$25.0 million. This was primarily due to proceeds from bank borrowings of US$39.0 million, and proceeds from other borrowings of US$6.2 million attributable to loans from third party investors for financing the television seriesThe King's Battles and the filmMy Lucky Star, partially offset by payments of bank borrowings of US$21.1 million.
In 2011, we had net cash used in financing activities of US$17.6 million, which was primarily due to (i) payments of bank borrowings of US$22.6 million related to loans for our films, includingJust Call Me Nobody,What Women Want andThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate, (ii) repayments of US$6.7 million of loans from related parties and third parties, and (iii) payment of film participation liabilities principal of US$4.8 million, which mainly resulted from the repayment to film participants for our joint investment in films, such asBodyguards and Assassins andThe Road Less Travelled, partly offset by proceeds from bank borrowing of US$12.3 million.
In 2010, we had net cash provided by financing activities of US$117.4 million, which was primarily due to (i) net proceeds from initial public offering in December 2010 of US$90.8 million, (ii) proceeds from bank borrowing of US$22.3 million, (iii) proceeds from issuance of Series B-3 preferred shares of US$5.0 million, (iv) proceeds from film participation of US$10.8 million mainly from our joint investment in the filmThe Flying Swords of Dragon Gate which is expected to be released at the end of 2011, (v) proceeds from exercise of a share option of US$2.0 million, (vi) proceeds from other borrowings of US$1.3 million and (vii) loans from third parties and related parties of US$3.2 million for the financing of operating cashflow. This was partly offset by (a) payments of bank borrowing of US$8.1 million, (b) payments of other borrowings of US$5.9 million and (c) payments of principal of film participation liabilities of US$4.4 million.
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Inflation
Inflation in China has not materially impacted our results of operations in recent years. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the consumer price index in China increased by 4.0% from 2009 to 2010, increased by 2.0% from 2010 to 2011 and increased by 2.6% from 2011 to 2012. The monthly consumer price index in China for January increased by 3.3% from 2010 to 2011, and decreased by 0.4% from 2011 to 2012.
Dividend Payments
Our company, Bona Film Group Limited, is a holding company. To date, our wholly owned subsidiary in China, Bona New World, has not paid dividends to its offshore parent company as we have historically re-invested our retained earnings in our operations in China. However, if our company requires cash for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to, for example, pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, or service any offshore debt it incurs, our company may rely principally on dividends and other distributions from our wholly owned subsidiary in China, Bona New World, for its cash requirements. Relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations permit our PRC subsidiary to pay dividends to its offshore parent company only out of its distributable retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. For more information about other PRC laws, rules and regulations that have the effect of restricting our PRC subsidiaries from transferring a portion of their assets to us in the form of dividends, see "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—In the future we may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our wholly owned operating subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our operating subsidiary to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business." Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.
We receive economic benefits generated from our affiliated consolidated entities in China through various contractual arrangements entered into by Bona New World, our wholly owned PRC subsidiary, and the affiliated consolidated entities. Such contractual arrangements include exclusive technology and consulting services agreements with our respective affiliated consolidated entities. Under these contractual arrangements, our affiliated consolidated entities pay to Bona New World a percentage of their annual revenues in the form of service fees. Conducting our operations through contractual arrangements with our affiliated consolidated entities entails a risk that we may lose the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of our affiliated consolidated entities and their subsidiaries, which may result in our being unable to consolidate their financial results with our results and may impair our access to their cash flow from operations and thereby reduce our liquidity. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure" for more information.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2011, the FASB issued an authoritative pronouncement on fair value measurement. The guidance is the result of joint efforts by the FASB and IASB to develop a single, converged fair value framework. The guidance is largely consistent with existing fair value measurement principles in U.S. GAAP. The guidance expands the existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and makes other amendments, mainly including:
- •
- Highest-and-best-use and valuation-premise concepts for nonfinancial assets—the guidance indicates that the highest-and-best-use and valuation-premise concepts only apply to measuring the fair value of nonfinancial assets.
- •
- Application to financial assets and financial liabilities with offsetting positions in market risks or counterparty credit risk—the guidance permits an exception to fair value measurement principles
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The guidance is to be applied prospectively and effectively for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011, for public entities. Early application by public entities is not permitted. We adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2012, which did not have a significant effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued an authoritative pronouncement to allow an entity the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In both choices, an entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. The guidance eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in shareholders' equity. These amendments do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. The guidance should be applied retrospectively. For public entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption is permitted. In December 2011, the FASB issued a further authoritative pronouncement, Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassification of Items out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Under the amendments, entities are required to present reclassification adjustments and the effect of those reclassification adjustments on the face of the financial statements where net income is presented, by component of net income, and on the face of the financial statements where other comprehensive income is presented, by component of other comprehensive income. In addition, the amendments require that reclassification adjustments be presented in interim financial periods. The amendments supersede changes to those paragraphs that pertain to how, when, and where reclassification adjustments are presented. The amendments in this update are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. We adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2012, and presented comprehensive income in two separate but consecutive statements.
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In September 2011, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to testing goodwill for impairment. The guidance is intended to simplify how entities, both public and nonpublic, test goodwill for impairment. The pronouncement permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is "more likely than not" that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The guidance is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2012, which did not have a significant effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In July 2012, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to testing indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, for impairment. Under the pronouncement, entities testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment would have the option of performing a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the asset. If an entity determines, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is not more likely than not impaired, a quantitative fair value calculation would not be needed. The amendments are effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012. We will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2013 which is not expected to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
In October 2012, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to impairment analysis of unamortized film costs. The amendments in this ASU eliminate the rebuttable presumption that the conditions leading to the writeoff of unamortized film costs after the balance sheet date existed as of the balance sheet date. The amendments also eliminate the requirement that an entity incorporate into fair value measurements used in the impairment tests the effects of any changes in estimates resulting from the consideration of subsequent evidence if the information would not have been considered by market participants at the measurement date. For SEC filers, the amendments are effective for impairment assessments performed on or after December 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2013 which is not expected to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
In February 2013, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to reporting of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, to improve the transparency of reporting these reclassifications. Other comprehensive income includes gains and losses that are initially excluded from net income for an accounting period. Those gains and losses are later reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into net income. The amendments in this ASU do not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements. All of the information that this ASU requires already is required to be disclosed elsewhere in the financial statements under U.S. GAAP.
The new amendments will require an organization to:
- •
- Present (either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes) the effects on the line items of net income of significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income—but only if the item reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period.
- •
- Cross-reference to other disclosures currently required under U.S. GAAP for other reclassification items (that are not required under U.S. GAAP) to be reclassified directly to net income in their entirety in the same reporting period. This would be the case when a portion of
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The amendments are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. We will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2013 which is not expected to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
In March 2013, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to parent's accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment upon derecognition of certain subsidiaries or groups of assets within a foreign entity or of an investment in a foreign entity. When a reporting entity (parent) ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business (other than a sale of in substance real estate or conveyance of oil and gas mineral rights) within a foreign entity, the parent is required to release any related cumulative translation adjustment into net income. Accordingly, the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income only if the sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity in which the subsidiary or group of assets had resided.
For an equity method investment that is a foreign entity, the partial sale guidance still applies. As such, a pro rata portion of the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income upon a partial sale of such an equity method investment. However, this treatment does not apply to an equity method investment that is not a foreign entity. In those instances, the cumulative translation adjustment is released into net income only if the partial sale represents a complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity that contains the equity method investment.
Additionally, the amendments in this pronouncement clarify that the sale of an investment in a foreign entity includes both: (1) events that result in the loss of a controlling financial interest in a foreign entity (i.e., irrespective of any retained investment); and (2) events that result in an acquirer obtaining control of an acquiree in which it held an equity interest immediately before the acquisition date (sometimes also referred to as a step acquisition). Accordingly, the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income upon the occurrence of those events. The amendments in this pronouncement are effective prospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2013. The amendments should be applied prospectively to derecognition events occurring after the effective date. Prior periods should not be adjusted. We will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2014 which is not expected to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
None.
Please refer to "—A. Operating Results" for a discussion of the most significant recent trends in our services, sales and marketing since the end of 2012. In addition, please refer to such Item for a discussion of known trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that we believe are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net sales or operating revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.
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We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. In addition, we have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our own shares and classified as shareholder's equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. Moreover, we do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
Other than such obligations and the contractual obligations described below, we have no other long-term contractual obligations or commercial commitments as of December 31, 2012:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payments Due by Period | |
---|
| | Total | | 2013 | | 2014 | | 2015 | | 2016 | | 2017 and thereafter | |
---|
| | (US$)
| |
---|
Borrowings(1): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Principal | | | 38,560,131 | | | 20,534,578 | | | 8,025,553 | | | 10,000,000 | | | — | | | — | |
Interest | | | 678,633 | | | 678,633 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Film participation liabilities(2) | | | 15,086,892 | | | 15,086,892 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Operating lease obligations(3) | | | 235,232,646 | | | 14,614,384 | | | 16,512,082 | | | 16,442,854 | | | 15,811,512 | | | 171,851,814 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 289,558,302 | | | 50,914,487 | | | 24,537,635 | | | 26,442,854 | | | 15,811,512 | | | 171,851,814 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- (1)
- Borrowings are primarily related to borrowings from banks and third parties.
- (2)
- Film participation obligations are primarily related to funds received from third-party provider to finance the production of films.
- (3)
- Operating lease obligations are primarily related to the minimum lease payments until 2027 under non-cancellable operating leases entered into by 25 movie theaters, including five movie theaters that we had not yet opened as of December 31, 2012.
This annual report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
You can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as "aim," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "likely to," "may," "plan," "will" or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include:
- •
- our growth strategies;
- •
- our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;
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- •
- expected changes in our revenues and certain cost or expense items;
- •
- the adequacy of our liquidity and capital resources;
- •
- our ability to manage the expansion of our operations; and
- •
- changes in general economic and business conditions in China.
The forward-looking statements made in this annual report on Form 20-F relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report on Form 20-F. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this annual report on Form 20-F and the documents that we reference in this annual report on Form 20-F and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement that includes this annual report on Form 20-F with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events.
Other sections of this annual report on Form 20-F include additional factors that could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers and directors as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F.
| | | | | |
Directors and Executive Officers | | Age | | Position/Title |
---|
Dong Yu | | | 42 | | Chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer |
Dr. Jack Q. Gao | | | 55 | | Director |
Jeffrey Chan | | | 53 | | Director, chief operating officer |
Zhong Jiang | | | 44 | | Independent director |
Daqing Dave Qi | | | 48 | | Independent director |
Jie Lian | | | 39 | | Independent director |
Peixin Xu | | | 42 | | Independent director |
Amy Xu | | | 46 | | Chief financial officer |
Hao Zhang | | | 47 | | General manager, domestic distribution |
Dong Yu is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of our company. Mr. Yu has over 16 years of experience in film distribution and received numerous recognitions such as "The Most Influential Asian Film Producer" by The Hollywood Reporter in November 2006 and "Outstanding Figure of the Year in Chinese Creative Enterprises" by Chinese Creative Enterprises in 2008. Before he founded our predecessor company in 2000, Mr. Yu held positions at China Film Group Corporation from 1999 to 2000 and at Beijing Film Studio from 1994 to 1999. Mr. Yu is also the vice president of the Youth Film Participant Committee of the China Film Association, a standing director of the China Film Producer Association and a director of the China Film Distribution and Exhibition Association.
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Mr. Yu received his bachelor's degree in film management from the Beijing Film Academy and his MBA degree from Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business.
Dr. Jack Q. Gao has over 20 years of experience in software, media and entertainment, and venture capital. He currently serves as senior vice president of News Corporation, chief executive officer of News Corporation China Investments and chief representative of the News Corporation Beijing Representative Office. Prior to joining News Corporation in 2006, Dr. Gao was corporate vice president and president of emerging markets of Autodesk, a multinational 3D design, engineering and entertainment software company, where he oversaw Autodesk's emerging markets business with a focus on Greater China and India. Previously, he was president and general manager of Microsoft (China) Ltd. Co., where he was responsible for operations, sales and marketing, government relations and business development. Dr. Gao also served as a general partner of Walden International, a venture capital fund, and Asia distribution manager at MSC Software. Dr. Gao holds a PhD, Masters and B.S. in Engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology and University of California, Los Angeles, and is a PhD candidate of University of Iowa.
Jeffrey Chan has been our chief operating officer since 2008 and our director since 2009. Mr. Chan has over 20 years of experience in the film distribution and entertainment industry. Before joining our company, Mr. Chan served as the distribution and sales manager of Media Asia Holdings Limited from 2002 to 2007, a vice president in charge of media, content strategy and special projects of PCCW/Cable & Wireless Ltd. from 1999 to 2002 and a program controller at Asia Television Limited from 1993 to 1999. Mr. Chan holds a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, a master's degree in philosophy from the University of Tasmania, Australia, a master's degree in electronic commerce and internet technology from the University of Hong Kong and an MBA degree from the University of Hong Kong.
Zhong Jiang has been our independent director since December 2010. Mr. Jiang has been a general manager at Hengji Jintai Real Estate Brokerage Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Vantage Holdings Group, a provider of real estate marketing and brokerage services, since 2008, where his responsibilities include the development of projects. Mr. Jiang was an assistant general manager at Beijing Wanjing Real Estate Brokerage Co., Ltd., a real estate development company, from 2006 to 2008 and a general manager at Beijing Shiji Hengfeng Decoration Co., Ltd, a company engaged in the building decorative works business, from 2004 to 2006. Mr. Jiang received his executive MBA degree from Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business.
Daqing Dave Qi has been our independent director since December 2010. Dr. Qi is a professor of accounting and associate dean of the Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business, where he has taught since 2002. From 1996 until 2002, Dr. Qi was an associate professor in the School of Accountancy at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Dr. Qi also has extensive experience in providing executive training and consulting services in accounting and corporate finance to government departments and private companies, including the PRC Ministry of Information Industries, the Shanghai Municipal Government, China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom, Nokia and Ericsson. Dr. Qi also serves as a director of Daqo New Energy Corp., a New York Stock Exchange-listed company, Focus Media Holdings Limited, a NASDAQ-listed company, AutoNavi Holdings Limited, a NASDAQ-listed company, Sohu.com, a NASDAQ-listed company, Honghua Group Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, SinoMedia Holding Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, China Vanke Co., Ltd, a company listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and Focus Technology, a company listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Dr. Qi received his B.S. degree in biophysics and his B.A. degree in international journalism from Fudan University, his MBA degree from the University of Hawaii Manoa with a concentration in accounting and finance and his Ph.D. degree in accounting from the Eli Broad Graduate School of Management of Michigan State University.
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Jie Lian has been our independent director since November 2011. Mr. Lian is currently a partner in the Primavera Capital Group, a China-focused private equity firm. He also serves on the boards of various Primavera Capital Group-invested portfolio companies, including Halogen Limited, a China- based specialty chemical company, and China XLX Fertiliser Ltd., a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Singapore Stock Exchange. From October 2009 through September 2010, Mr. Lian was a managing director in the investment banking division of China International Capital Corporation in Hong Kong. From March 2009 through August 2009, he was chief financial officer of Ambow Education Holding Ltd., a China-based education company listed on the NASDAQ. Prior to that, Mr. Lian held various positions at Goldman Sachs, including managing director in the investment banking division in Hong Kong, where he worked from 2001 to 2009. Mr. Lian has an MBA from the Tuck School of Management at Dartmouth College.
Peixin Xu has been our independent director since November 2011. Mr. Xu is currently chairman of Huasheng Taitong Media Investment Co., Ltd., a TV production company. He is also founder and chairman of Beijing Redbaby Info-Tech Co., Ltd., a B2C e-commerce company mainly focusing on the maternal and infant products, a partner of venture capital fund New Enterprise Associates, and a researcher at Peking University. Prior to his current positions, Mr. Xu was a manager for new business at Beijing Northstar Industrial Group, a state-owned comprehensive real estate development and services business group. Mr. Xu has a B.A. in business administration from the Tianjin University of Commerce.
Amy Xu has served as our Chief Financial Officer since June 2012. Prior to joining us, Ms. Xu served as a head of accounting at Hony Capital, where she played an important role in accounting operations, internal controls and policy establishment. From 2007 to 2011, Ms. Xu was chief financial officer at Star China Ltd., a media content and service platform. Prior to that, Ms. Xu served as finance director for Autodesk Software (China) Ltd. (APAC Emerging) from July 2004 to July 2007, finance controller of Microsoft China Corporation Ltd. from December 2000 to July 2004, finance, human resources and administration manager for Northwest Airlines Inc. from April 1999 to November 2000, and financial and administrative manager for Sunwing Energy Ltd. from 1997 to February 1999. Additionally, Ms. Xu spent eight years in various roles at Deloitte Touche Tohmatshu LLP, including two years as an audit manager. She received a B.A. in Accounting and Economics from Queens College, City University of New York in 1989, and holds a C.P.A. license in the State of New York.
Hao Zhang has been the general manager of our domestic distribution business since 2009. From 2005 to 2009, Mr. Zhang was the executive deputy manager of our domestic distribution business. From 1987 until joining our company, Mr. Zhang served in a number of positions in distribution and film operations at the Xi'an Film Corporation and as vice general manager at the Xi'an Chang'an Cinema Chain. From 1982 through 1986, Mr. Zhang served in the air force of the People's Liberation Army.
B. Compensation of Directors, Supervisors and Executive Officers
For the year ended December��31, 2012, we paid an aggregate of approximately US$0.7 million in cash to our executive officers, two of whom also served as directors. We did not pay our independent directors any cash compensation in 2012.
Share Incentive Plans
In each of June 2009 and June 2010, we adopted the 2009 share incentive plan and 2010 share incentive plan, respectively, to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to our employees, directors and consultants, and promote the success of our business. The share incentive plans provide for the grant of options, restricted shares and restricted share units,
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collectively referred to as "awards." Our board of directors has authorized the issuance of up to 209,163 and 5,410,650 ordinary shares upon exercise of awards granted under the 2009 share incentive plan and 2010 share incentive plan, respectively.
Plan Administration. The compensation committee of our board of directors will administer the share incentive plans. The compensation committee or the full board of directors, as appropriate, will determine the participants to receive awards, the type and number of awards to be granted and the terms and conditions of each award grant.
Award Agreements. Awards granted under the share incentive plans are evidenced by an award agreement that sets forth the terms, conditions and limitations for such grant, which may include the term of the awards, the provisions applicable in the event of termination of the grantee's employment or service, and our authority to unilaterally or bilaterally amend, modify, suspend, cancel or rescind the awards.
Transfer Restrictions. The right of a grantee in an award granted under the share incentive plans may not be transferred in any manner by the grantee other than as permitted by the administrator of the share incentive plans or by will or the laws of succession and, with limited exceptions, may be exercised during the lifetime of the grantee only by the grantee.
Option Exercise. The term of options granted under the share incentive plans may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The consideration to be paid for our ordinary shares upon exercise of an option may include cash, check or other cash-equivalent, ordinary shares, consideration received by us in a cashless exercise, or any combination of the foregoing methods of payment.
Acceleration upon a Change of Control. The award agreement may provide for acceleration of the vesting of the awards in the event of a change of control of our company pursuant to its terms. Our compensation committee or our board of directors may (i) cancel the awards for fair market value, (ii) provide for issuance of substitute awards or (iii) provide that for at least 15 days prior to the change of control the awards shall be exercisable as to all shares subject thereto and such awards shall terminate after the change of control.
Termination and Amendment. Unless terminated earlier, the share incentive plans will expire after ten years. Our board of directors has the authority to amend or terminate the share incentive plans subject to shareholder approval to the extent necessary to comply with applicable law.
Our board of directors has granted options to participants in the share incentive plans. As of April 15, 2013, there were 3,772,161 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share options at a weighted average exercise price of US$7.81 per share, and there were 1,847,652 ordinary shares available for future issuance upon the exercise of future grants under the share incentive plans. The following table summarizes the outstanding options our directors and executive officers beneficially
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owned under our share incentive plans as of March 31, 2013, without giving effect to options that were exercised or terminated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Name | | Options or Restricted Shares Awarded | | Exercise Price or Purchase Price (US$/Share) | | Date of Grant | | Date of Expiration | |
---|
Dong Yu | | | 138,850 | | US$ | 3.36 | | | June 1, 2009 | | | May 31, 2019 | |
| | | 26,991 | | US$ | 6.31 | | | June 1, 2010 | | | May 31, 2020 | |
| | | 435,774 | | US$ | 6.31 | | | March 23, 2011 | | | March 22, 2021 | |
| | | 500,000 | | US$ | 10.96 | | | April 2, 2012 | | | April 1, 2022 | |
Amy Xu | | | * | | US$ | 10.96 | | | April 2, 2012 | | | April 1, 2022 | |
Jeffrey Chan | | | * | | US$ | 8.62 | | | November 14, 2011 | | | November 13, 2021 | |
Hao Zhang | | | * | | US$ | 3.44 | | | June 1, 2010 | | | May 31, 2020 | |
Zhong Jiang | | | * | | US$ | 11.56 | | | March 23, 2011 | | | March 22, 2021 | |
| | | * | | US$ | 8.62 | | | November 14, 2011 | | | November 13, 2021 | |
Jie Lian | | | * | | US$ | 8.62 | | | November 14, 2011 | | | November 13, 2021 | |
Daqing Dave Qi | | | * | | US$ | 11.56 | | | March 23, 2011 | | | March 22, 2021 | |
| | | * | | US$ | 8.62 | | | November 14, 2011 | | | November 13, 2021 | |
Peixin Xu | | | * | | US$ | 8.62 | | | November 14, 2011 | | | November 13, 2021 | |
| | | * | | US$ | 10.96 | | | April 2, 2012 | | | April 1, 2022 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 1,731,066 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
- *
- Upon exercise of all options granted, would beneficially own less than 1% of our outstanding ordinary shares.
As of the date of April 15, 2013, other individuals as a group held options to purchase 2,041,095 ordinary shares of our company, with exercise prices ranging from US$3.36 to US$10.96 per ordinary share.
Board of Directors
Our board of directors currently consists of seven directors. Our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, provides that our board of directors will consist of at least two directors. Our directors will be elected by the holders of our ordinary shares.
A director is not required to hold any shares in the company by way of qualification. A director may vote with respect to any contract, proposed contract or arrangement in which he or she is materially interested. A director may exercise all the powers of our company to borrow money, mortgage its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, and issue debentures or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any obligation of our company or of any third party.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We have three committees under the board of directors: the audit committee, the compensation committee and the corporate governance and nominating committee. We have adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Each committee's members and functions are described below.
Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Daqing Dave Qi, Zhong Jiang and Jie Lian. Our board of directors has determined that each of Daqing Dave Qi, Zhong Jiang and Jie Lian
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satisfies the "independence" requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ Listing Rules. Daqing Dave Qi is the chairman of our audit committee and meets the criteria of an audit committee financial expert as set forth under the applicable rules of the SEC. Our audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:
- •
- selecting the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors;
- •
- reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management's response;
- •
- reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act;
- •
- discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors;
- •
- reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies;
- •
- annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;
- •
- meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and
- •
- reporting regularly to our board of directors.
Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Jie Lian, Peixin Xu and Zhong Jiang. Our board of directors has determined that each of Jie Lian, Peixin Xu and Zhong Jiang satisfies the "independence" requirements of Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ Listing Rules. Jie Lian is the chairman of our compensation committee. Our compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our founder, chairman and chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:
- •
- reviewing and recommending to the board with respect to the total compensation package for our three most senior executives;
- •
- approving and overseeing the total compensation package for our executives other than the three most senior executives;
- •
- reviewing and recommending to the board with respect to the compensation of our directors; and
- •
- reviewing periodically and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, employee pension and welfare benefit plans.
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Our corporate and nominating committee consists of Zhong Jiang, Peixin Xu and Jie Lian. Zhong Jiang is the chairman of our corporate governance and nominating committee. Our corporate governance and nominating committee assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the
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composition of the board and its committees. The corporate governance and nominating committee is responsible for, among other things:
- •
- selecting and recommending to the board nominees for election or re-election to the board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;
- •
- reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills, experience and availability of service to us;
- •
- selecting and recommending to the board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as well as the corporate governance and nominating committee itself;
- •
- advising the board periodically with regards to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken; and
- •
- monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance.
Strategy Committee. Our strategy committee consists of Peixin Xu and Dong Yu. In addition Nansun Shi, our consultant and former director, serves as an advisor to this committee. Peixin Xu is the chairman of our strategy committee. Our strategy committee assists the board of directors in the formulation and execution of the Company's mid- to long-term strategy.
Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a fiduciary duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skills they actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. A shareholder has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached.
The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:
- •
- convening shareholders' annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings;
- •
- issuing authorized but unissued shares and redeem or purchase outstanding shares of our company;
- •
- declaring dividends and other distributions;
- •
- appointing officers and determining the term of office of officers;
- •
- exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and
- •
- approving the transfer of shares of our company, including the registering of such shares in our share register.
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Terms of Directors and Officers
Our officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors. Our directors are not subject to a term of office and hold office until such time as they are removed from office by an ordinary resolution of shareholders. A director will be removed from office automatically if, among other things, the director (i) becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors; or (ii) dies or is found by our company to be or becomes of unsound mind.
See "Item 4. Information of the Company—B. Business Overview—Employees."
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership, within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of our ordinary shares, as of April 15, 2013:
- •
- each of our directors and executive officers; and
- •
- each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our ordinary shares.
The calculations in the table below assume there are 30,402,346 ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of April 15, 2013. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days of this date of this annual report on Form 20-F, including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other
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security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.
| | | | | | | |
| | Shares Beneficially Owned | |
---|
| | Number | | % | |
---|
Directors and Executive Officers: | | | | | | | |
Dong Yu(1) | | | 9,278,383 | | | 30.14 | |
Dr. Jack Q. Gao | | | — | | | — | |
Jeffrey Chan | | | 497,589 | | | 1.63 | |
Zhong Jiang | | | 353,031 | | | 1.16 | |
Daqing Dave Qi | | | * | | | * | |
Amy Xu | | | * | | | * | |
Jie Lian | | | * | | | * | |
Peixin Xu | | | 862,123 | | | 2.83 | |
Hao Zhang | | | * | | | * | |
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group | | | 11,205,485 | | | 36.47 | |
Principal Shareholders: | | | | | | | |
Skillgreat Limited | | | 8,594,065 | | | 28.27 | |
NCIH, Inc.(2) | | | 6,050,067 | | | 19.90 | |
Sequoia Funds(3) | | | 1,646,362 | | | 5.42 | |
SIG China Investments One, Ltd.(4) | | | 2,019,744 | | | 6.64 | |
Matrix Partners China Funds(5) | | | 1,327,025 | | | 4.36 | |
Tremblant Capital Group(6) | | | 852,614 | | | 2.80 | |
SAIF Partners IV L.P.(7) | | | 1,708,754 | | | 5.62 | |
- *
- Less than 1%.
- (1)
- Includes 8,594,065 ordinary shares held by Skillgreat Limited, 644,107 ordinary shares underlying options held by Mr. Dong Yu, and 159,656 ordinary shares underlying options held by Skillgreat Limited on behalf of Mr. Dong Yu. Excludes 194,345 ordinary shares held by Skillgreat Limited on behalf of others. Skillgreat Limited purchased an aggregate of 3,550,067 ordinary shares from certain existing security holders of our company and sold 6,050,067 ordinary shares to NCIH, Inc., each in May 2012. In addition, Skillgreat Limited purchased an aggregate of 149,800 ADSs in 2011 and 2012, representing 74,900 ordinary shares, at an average price of US$4.64 per ADS through open-market transactions. For more information, see "Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company." Skillgreat Limited is a limited liability company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands and its address is P.O. Box 957, Offshore Incorporations Center, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.
- (2)
- Information based on the Schedule 13D filed by NCIH, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and News Corporation, a Delaware corporation, with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 2012, and the share ownership percentage based on 30,402,346 shares of the Company outstanding as of April 15, 2013. Includes 6,050,067 ordinary shares held by NCIH, Inc. NCIH, Inc. is an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of News Corporation, a Delaware corporation. The business address of NCIH, Inc. is 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036. Each of NCIH, Inc. and News Corporation has the sole power to dispose, or to direct the disposition of, 6,050,067 ordinary shares, and sole power to vote, or to direct the vote of, 6,050,067 ordinary shares.
- (3)
- Information based on the amended Schedule 13G filed on February 12, 2013 on behalf of Sequoia Capital China I L.P., Sequoia Capital China Partners Fund I L.P., Sequoia Capital China Principals
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Fund I L.P., Sequoia Capital China Management I, L.P., SC China Holding Limited, SNP China Enterprises Limited and Nan Peng Shen. Includes (i) 1,296,678 ordinary shares held by Sequoia Capital China I L.P.; (ii) 148,993 ordinary shares held by Sequoia Capital China Partners Fund I L.P.; and (iii) 200,691 ordinary shares held by Sequoia Capital China Principals Fund I L.P. The general partner of each of the Sequoia Funds is Sequoia Capital China Management I, L.P., whose general partner is SC China Holding Limited, a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. SC China Holding Limited is wholly owned by SNP China Enterprises Limited, a company wholly owned by Neil Nanpeng Shen. Neil Nanpeng Shen disclaims beneficial ownership in all securities shown except to the extent of his pecuniary interests therein. The principal business office address of the Sequoia Funds is 3000 Sand Hill Road, 4-250, Menlo Park, CA 94025.
- (4)
- Information based on the Schedule 13G filed on February 13, 2013 on behalf of SIG China Investments One, Ltd. and SIG Asia Investment, LLLP. SIG Asia Investment, LLLP, the investment manager of SIG China Investments One, Ltd., has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by SIG China Investments One, Ltd. The principal business office address of SIG China Investments One, Ltd. is One Capital Place, P.O. Box 1787 GT, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, and the principal business office address of SIG Asia Investment, LLLP is One Commerce Center, 1201 N. Orange Street, Suite 715, Wilmington DE 19801.
- (5)
- Information based on the Schedule 13G filed on February 6, 2013 on behalf of Matrix Partners China I, L.P. and Matrix Partners China I-A, L.P. Includes (i) 1,204,933 ordinary shares held by Matrix Partners China I L.P.; and (ii) 122,092 ordinary shares held by Matrix Partners China I-A L.P. The general partner of the Matrix Partners China Funds is Matrix China Management I, L.P. whose general partner is Matrix China I GP GP, Ltd. Yibo Shao is a director of Matrix China I GP GP, Ltd. Pursuant to the operating agreements of Matrix China I GP GP, Ltd., voting and dispositive decisions with respect to portfolio company securities of Matrix Partners China I, L.P. and Matrix Partners China I-A, L.P. require Mr. Shao's consent and, as such, Mr. Shao may be deemed to share voting and dispositive power over these ordinary shares. The principal business office address of the Matrix Partners China Funds is Maples Corporate Services Limited, PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands.
- (6)
- Information based on the Schedule 13G filed on February 14, 2013 on behalf of Tremblant Capital Group. Includes 1,705,228 American Depositary Shares, each two American Depositary Shares representing one ordinary share. The principal business office address of Tremblant Capital Group is 767 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10153, United States.
- (7)
- Information based on the Schedule 13G filed on January 25, 2013 on behalf of SAIF Partners IV L.P. Includes 3,417,508 ADSs, representing 1,708,754 ordinary shares held by SAIF Partners IV L.P. The sole general partner of SAIF Partners IV L.P. is SAIF IV GP, L.P., whose sole general partner is SAIF IV GP Capital Ltd., a Cayman Islands company. Andrew Y. Yan is the sole director and shareholder of SAIF IV GP Capital Ltd. Pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, Mr. Yan may be deemed to beneficially own all of the ADSs held by SAIF Partners IV L.P. Mr. Yan disclaims such beneficial ownership. The registered address of SAIF Partners IV L.P. is c/o Maples Corporate Services Limited, P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands.
One of our shareholders, SIG China Investments One, Ltd., has informed us that it is affiliated with registered broker-dealers. SIG China Investments One, Ltd. was not affiliated or otherwise related to us prior to its purchase of our Series A preferred shares. It purchased our Series A preferred shares, which were converted into ordinary shares upon the closing of our initial public offering, directly from us in the ordinary course of business and at the time of the purchase, SIG China Investments One, Ltd. had no agreements or understandings, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute Series A preferred shares.
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As of April 15, 2013, 9,663,843 ordinary shares or 31.8% of our outstanding ordinary shares in the form of ADSs are held by one record holder in the United States. Because many of these shares are held by brokers or other nominees, we cannot ascertain the exact number of beneficial shareholders with addresses in the United States.
None of our existing shareholders has different voting rights from other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
See "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership"
Transactions Related to Our Corporate Structure
To comply with the applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, we conduct our operations in China through contractual arrangements between our wholly owned PRC subsidiary, Bona New World, and our affiliated consolidated entities. See "Item 4. Information of the Company—C. Organizational Structure—Contractual Arrangements with Our Affiliated Consolidated Entities."
Private Placements
Issuances of Ordinary Shares
On December 13, 2006, we issued six ordinary shares to Ms. Nansun Shi upon the establishment of our company in the British Virgin Islands.
In July 2007, we issued 5,828,119, 140,625, 187,500 and 93,750 ordinary shares to Mr. Dong Yu, Mr. Hai Yu, Ms. Nansun Shi and Mr. Huang Hsin-Mao respectively, for no consideration as a result of recapitalization from capital reserve.
In June 2009, we issued 2,609,269 ordinary shares at par value of US$0.0005 per share to Mr. Dong Yu. In addition, we issued an aggregate of 194,345 ordinary shares for the benefit of other shareholders. These shares are held by Skillgreat Limited.
In July 2010, Jeffrey Chan purchased 317,072 of our ordinary shares at a price per share equal to the per-share price of our Series B-3 preferred shares.
Issuance and Sale of Series A Preferred Shares and Repurchase of Ordinary Shares
In May 2007 and June 2007, we issued convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$3,000,000 to SIG China Investment One, Ltd. and the Sequoia Funds under the terms of secured convertible note and warrant purchase agreements. In addition, we also issued warrants to purchase 87,888 Series A preferred shares at a purchase price of US$2.56 per share, which was adjusted to US$1.39 per share pursuant to the secured convertible note and warrant purchase agreements. In July 2007, all of the outstanding principal amount and accrued interest were converted and we issued 1,171,875 Series A preferred shares to SIG China Investment One, Ltd. and the Sequoia Funds as a result. In June 2009, all of the warrants were exercised and we issued 50,631 Series A preferred shares to SIG China Investment One, Ltd. and the Sequoia Funds as a result.
In July 2007, in connection with the conversion of our convertible notes into Series A preferred shares, we issued an aggregate of 1,953,125 Series A preferred shares to SIG China Investment One, Ltd. and the Sequoia Funds for an aggregate consideration of US$5,000,000 under the terms a
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share purchase agreement. In addition, we repurchased 585,937 ordinary shares from Mr. Dong Yu for an aggregate consideration of US$1,500,000.
The Series A preferred shares were automatically converted into our ordinary shares upon the completion of our initial public offering. Each of our Series A preferred shares is convertible into approximately 1.8421 ordinary shares, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments.
Issuance and Sale of Series B Preferred Shares and Repurchase of Ordinary Shares
In July 2009, we issued an aggregate of 1,241,958 shares of Series B-1 preferred shares to Matrix Partners China Funds, the Sequoia Funds and SINA Hong Kong Limited for an aggregate consideration of US$3,500,000 and an aggregate of 1,655,939 shares of Series B-2 preferred shares to Matrix Partners China Funds, the Sequoia Funds, SINA Hong Kong Limited, Zero2IPOChina Fund II L.P. and Wayford Enterprises Limited for an aggregate consideration of US$6,000,000. In addition, we repurchased 1,241,958 ordinary shares from Mr. Dong Yu for an aggregate consideration of US$3,500,000.
In July 2010, we issued a total of 792,680 Series B-3 preferred shares to Matrix Partners China Funds, the Sequoia Funds, SIG China Investment One, Ltd., Zero2IPOChina Fund II L.P., Wayford Enterprises Limited and Blooming Capital Limited for an aggregate consideration of US$5,000,000.
The Series B preferred shares were automatically converted into our ordinary shares upon the completion of our initial public offering.
Share Exchange
In November 2010, Bona Film Group Limited entered into a share exchange agreement with the then shareholders of Bona International Film Group, under the terms of which Bona Film Group Limited issued one preferred or ordinary share in exchange for every 16 of the respective preferred or ordinary shares that these shareholders held in Bona International Film Group Limited. As a result of the share exchange, Bona Film Group Limited became our ultimate holding company.
Shareholders' Agreement
In connection with our Series A preferred shares private placement in July 2007, we and our shareholders entered into a shareholders' agreement, which was amended and restated in connection with our Series B preferred shares private placements in July 2009 and July 2010 and further amended and restated in November 2010 in connection with the 16 to 1 share exchange of preferred and ordinary shares of Bona International Film Group Limited for preferred and ordinary shares of our company.
Under the amended and restated shareholders' agreement, the investors in the private placement of our Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares are entitled to certain registration rights, including demand registration, Form F-3 registration and piggyback registration.
Except for the registration rights, the shareholders' rights under the amended and restated shareholders' agreement have terminated automatically upon the closing of our initial public offering. In addition, we have agreed to deliver annual reports and quarterly and interim reports and all other filings with any regulatory agency and securities exchange to the investors in the private placement of our Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares after our initial public offering.
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Agreements with Affiliates of News Corporation
Investor Rights Agreement with NCIH
As a closing condition to the NCIH share purchase agreement pursuant to which NCIH, Inc., a Delaware corporation, purchased from Skillgreat Limited an aggregate of 6,050,067 ordinary shares, our company, Mr. Dong Yu, Skillgreat Limited and NCIH, Inc. entered into an investor rights agreement on May 21, 2012.
Under the investor rights agreement, NCIH, Inc. agrees to vote, until May 21, 2013, such number of ordinary shares as determined below, or the voting shares, in accordance with the instructions of Skillgreat Limited with respect to (i) the re-election of the Mr. Dong Yu to the board of directors of our company and (ii) the first public offering of ordinary shares by our company after May 21, 2012, provided that such public offering meets certain conditions specified in the investor rights agreement. In addition, until May 21, 2013, neither NCIH, Inc. nor its controlled affiliates may purchase a number of ordinary shares equal to or greater than the number of the voting shares or a majority of the assets of our company or acquire our company by merger, scheme of arrangement, amalgamation, or consolidation, except with the written consent of Skillgreat Limited.
Pursuant to the investor rights agreement, the number of the voting shares means the lesser of (i) all of the ordinary shares held by NCIH, Inc. as of the record date for voting on the voting events described in the preceding paragraph and (ii) that number of ordinary shares equal to (a) 33.4% of the total number of our outstanding ordinary shares as of such record date minus (b) the number of ordinary shares beneficially owned by Mr. Dong Yu and his affiliates immediately after May 25, 2012, the date of the final closing under the NCIH share purchase agreement, reduced by any increase in the number of ordinary shares beneficially owned by Mr. Dong Yu and his affiliates from May 25, 2012 through such record date.
Pursuant to the investor rights agreement, NCIH, Inc. is entitled to Form F-3 registration and piggyback registration rights. NCIH, Inc. also has a right to purchase its pro rata share of any securities to be offered or sold by our company.
In addition, pursuant to the investor rights agreement, our company agrees to nominate and recommend one candidate nominated by NCIH, Inc. for election to our board of directors, and Skillgreat Limited agrees, and Mr. Dong Yu agrees to cause Skillgreat Limited to, vote our ordinary shares held by Skillgreat Limited to elect NCIH, Inc.'s nominee to our board of directors. If no NCIH, Inc.'s nominee serves on our board of directors, NCIH, Inc. has the right to designate one non-voting observer to our board of directors. The foregoing rights and obligations will continue until NCIH, Inc., together with its affiliates, no longer holds at least 50% of the ordinary shares it purchased under the NCIH share purchase agreement. On August 23, 2012, our company appointed Dr. Jack Q. Gao, Senior Vice President of News Corporation and Chief Executive Officer of News Corporation's China Investments, to our board of directors effective September 10, 2012.
The investor rights agreement also includes a non-binding statement of intent between our company and NCIH, Inc. or its affiliates to explore potential cooperation opportunities with respect to one or more projects in the film industry. For as long as NCIH, Inc., together with its affiliates, continues to hold at least 50% of the ordinary shares it purchased under the NCIH share purchase agreement, NCIH, Inc. also has the right to designate and appoint, by written notice to our company, one vice president of our company, responsible for assisting in the development of any such potential projects.
Letter of Intent with Fox International Productions (Greater China) Limited
On October 23, 2012, Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) and Fox International Productions (Greater China) Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of News Corporation, entered into a letter of
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intent for co-production and closer partnership. The letter of intent relates to a multiphase-project for Chinese language films which are qualified as co-productions in the PRC. The parties agreed to explore mutual development, production, marketing and distribution of feature-length Chinese-language films. In addition, the parties agree to explore more long-term opportunities regarding Chinese-language theatrical motion pictures.
Acquisition of Movie Theater Business
In July 2011, we entered a series of agreements to acquire Alpha Speed Limited, a British Virgin Islands company and Bona Starlight, a PRC company which held five subsidiaries at the time of the acquisition primarily focused on the movie theater business in the PRC. Prior to the acquisitions, Alpha Speed Limited was owned 51% by Skillgreat Limited, which is wholly owned by Mr. Dong Yu, and Bona Starlight was also owned 51% by Mr. Dong Yu. We acquired Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight with total cash consideration of US$30.9 million, of which US$3.1 million was settled as an offset against the amount that our Company was owed by Mr. Dong Yu, the remaining amount of which has been fully paid as of December 31, 2012.
In April 2010, we entered into a series of transactions to acquire Beijing Bona Cineplex and Beijing Bona Youtang, two companies that focus on the movie theater business in the PRC. At the time of the acquisition, these companies were beneficially owned by Mr. Dong Yu, our chairman and chief executive officer, and his immediate family member. The total consideration comprised 5,810,320 newly issued ordinary shares with a fair value of US$4.50 per share as of the acquisition date and the settlement of US$5.3 million that Mr. Dong Yu owed to us.
Related Party Loans and Other Payments
As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, we had amounts outstanding totaling US$6,213, US$0.1 million and nil, respectively, for payments of Mr. Dong Yu's individual income tax and loans to Mr. Dong Yu, our chairman and chief executive officer. As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, we owed nil, nil and nil, respectively, to Mr. Dong Yu for operating expenses and purchases made by him on behalf of us and declared dividends to him.
As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, we had amounts outstanding totaling US$0.8 million, US$0.8 million and nil, respectively, for distribution receivables and loans to Bona Meitao Culture Media Co., Ltd. An amount of US$0.8 million was settled with Bona Meitao Culture Media Co., Ltd. in April 2012.
As of December 31, 2010, there were amounts outstanding of US$1.7 million from Bona Starlight for payments of working capital we paid on behalf of this entity. The amount due from Bona Starlight was eliminated as inter-company transactions on our consolidated financial statement following the acquisition of Bona Starlight in July 2011.
We had amounts due from affiliates of Cinema Popular Limited of US$0.3 million, US$0.2 million and US$0.3 million as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, in connection with receivables from affiliates for operations.
As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, we had outstanding loan amounts from to Hubei Film Distribution, a non-controlling shareholder of one of our movie theater companies, of US$0.3 million, US$0.5 million and US$0.5 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, we owed payables in the amounts of US$0.6 million, US$0.8 million and US$0.8 million, respectively, to Wuhan Lianzhong Digital Film Technology Co., Ltd., our cost method investee, for film projection equipment we purchased from it.
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As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, we had outstanding loan amounts of US$0.2 million and US$0.2 million, respectively, from Hunan Xiaoxiang Cineplex Investment Management Co., Ltd., a non-controlling shareholder of Changsha Mango Bona Cineplex Management Co., Ltd.
As of December 31, 2011, we owed payables of US$0.3 million to Zhongda Helian Marketing Consulting Co., Ltd., a cost-method investee of our company, for film marketing and consulting expenses. These payables were settled in 2012.
As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, we had outstanding loan amounts of US$0.4 million and US$0.4 million, respectively, from Mr. Xiaojian Xu, a non-controlling shareholder of Xi'an Huitong.
As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, we owed payables of US$0.4 million and US$0.7 million, respectively, to Film Workshop Co., Ltd. for film production services. Nansun Shi, a consultant and former director of our company, is a principal shareholder of Film Workshop Co., Ltd.
As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively, we had outstanding loan amounts of US$0.5 million and US$0.5 million, respectively, from Ms. Xiang Li, a non-controlling shareholder of Changsha Mango Bona Cineplex Management Co., Ltd.
In April 2012, we entered into a rental agreement with Tianjin Nongken Group Culture Investment Co., Ltd., a company in which Tianjin Nongken Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. has an equity interest, to lease a piece of property for movie theatre. Tianjin Nongken Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. is the noncontrolling shareholder of Tianjin Nongken Bona Film Investment Ltd., a subsdiary of one of our affiliated consolidated entities. As of December 31, 2012, we owed US$0.7 million for rental expenses payable to Tianjin Nongken Group Culture Investment Co., Ltd.
As of December 31, 2012, we had outstanding payables in the amount of US$2.0 million in respect of a loan from Nongken Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.
From time to time, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Dong Yu, has provided personal guarantees in order to help enable us to procure bank borrowings. As of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, Mr. Dong Yu is providing a personal guarantee in respect of a term loan facility from Bank of Beijing under which Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) has a loan with principal amount of approximately RMB50.0 million (US$8.0 million) outstanding. This term loan facility is jointly guaranteed by Beijing Bona Cineplex and Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. together with Mr. Dong Yu. Mr. Dong Yu is also providing, as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, a personal guarantee in respect of a fixed asset loan facility provided by Industrial Commercial Bank of China to Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC), which currently has a principal amount of approximately RMB50.0 million (US$8.0 million) outstanding. Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. is providing a joint guarantee with Mr. Dong Yu for this loan. For information about the risks involved in Mr. Dong Yu's personal guarantees of our bank borrowings, see "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Dong Yu, has provided personal guarantees to secure our obligations under certain credit facilities and may continue to grant additional guarantees in the future. Defaults under these credit facilities could result in a sale of a significant portion of Mr. Dong Yu's equity interest in our company."
Other Related Party Transactions
In September 2010, our affiliated consolidated entity, Beijing Bona Cineplex, entered into a management service agreement with Bona Starlight, a development stage movie theater operator in the PRC whose principal shareholders include Mr. Dong Yu. Under the terms of this agreement, we licensed our "Bona" brand to Bona Starlight and became the exclusive provider of management services for its current and future movie theaters. We are also entitled to receive a share of the box
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office receipts and advertising revenues of Bona Starlight's movie theaters. This agreement was terminated in June 2011.
In November 2010, we entered into a separate agreement with Bona Starlight, we have a right of first refusal with respect to transfers of movie theaters developed by Bona Starlight and right of first refusal with respect to transfers of shares of Bona Starlight. This agreement was terminated in July 2011.
Share Incentive Plans
See "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation of Directors, Supervisors and Executive Officers—Share Incentive Plans."
Not applicable.
Item 8. Financial Information
Please refer to Item 18 for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report on Form 20-F.
See "Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Legal and Administrative Proceedings."
Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
In 2007, one of our affiliated consolidated entities declared a dividend of US$0.2 million to a non-controlling shareholder, which dividend remains outstanding. In 2008, our affiliated consolidated entities declared a dividend of US$0.3 million to Mr. Dong Yu, our chairman and chief executive officer, which was paid in 2008, and US$0.2 million to a non-controlling shareholder, which remains outstanding. We have no present plan to declare and pay any dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs in the near future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We may rely on dividends from our subsidiary in China, which in turn relies on the payments received from our affiliated consolidated entities in China pursuant to the contractual arrangements that established our corporate structure. Current PRC laws, rules and regulations permit our PRC subsidiary to pay dividends to us only out of its accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our subsidiary in China is required to set aside a certain amount of its accumulated after-tax profits each year to fund statutory reserves. These reserves may not be distributed as cash dividends. Further, if our subsidiary in China incurs debt on its own behalf, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us.
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If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.
We have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited financial statements included in this annual report on Form 20-F.
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
Our ADSs, two ADSs representing one ordinary share, have been listed on the NASDAQ since December 9, 2010 under the symbol "BONA". The table below shows, for the periods indicated, the high and low market prices on the NASDAQ.
| | | | | | | |
| | Market Price for Each ADS | |
---|
| | High | | Low | |
---|
| | US$
| | US$
| |
---|
Annual highs and lows | | | | | | | |
2011 | | | 7.89 | | | 3.50 | |
2012 | | | 6.50 | | | 3.86 | |
Quarterly highs and lows | | | | | | | |
Second quarter 2011 | | | 6.90 | | | 3.50 | |
Third quarter 2011 | | | 5.00 | | | 3.55 | |
Fourth quarter 2011 | | | 4.70 | | | 3.73 | |
First quarter 2012 | | | 6.09 | | | 3.86 | |
Second quarter 2012 | | | 6.50 | | | 5.00 | |
Third quarter 2012 | | | 6.10 | | | 4.87 | |
Fourth quarter 2012 | | | 5.48 | | | 4.13 | |
First quarter 2013 | | | 5.30 | | | 4.53 | |
Second quarter 2013 (through April 24, 2013) | | | 4.63 | | | 3.92 | |
Monthly highs and lows | | | | | | | |
October 2012 | | | 5.42 | | | 4.85 | |
November 2012 | | | 5.48 | | | 4.85 | |
December 2012 | | | 5.28 | | | 4.13 | |
January 2013 | | | 5.30 | | | 4.79 | |
February 2013 | | | 5.16 | | | 4.80 | |
March 2013 | | | 5.12 | | | 4.53 | |
April 2013 (through April 24) | | | 4.63 | | | 3.92 | |
Source: NASDAQ Stock Exchange.
- (1)
- As reported.
Not applicable.
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Our ADSs, each representing two of our ordinary shares, have been listed on the NASDAQ since December 9, 2010 under the symbol "BONA."
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Item 10. Additional Information
Not applicable.
We incorporate by reference into this annual report on Form 20-F the description of our second amended and restated memorandum of association contained in our registration statement under the heading "Description of Share Capital" on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on November 17, 2010. Our shareholders adopted our second amended and restated memorandum of association by unanimous resolution on November 17, 2010.
In the past three fiscal years, we have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business or other than those described below and elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F.
See "Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations of Our Industry."
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands that are likely to be material to holders of ADSs or ordinary shares. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Pursuant to Section 6 of the Tax Concessions Law (1999 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, we have obtained an undertaking from the Governor-in-Council:
- (1)
- that no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits or income or gains or appreciation shall apply to us or our operations; and
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- (2)
- that the aforesaid tax or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall not be payable on our shares, debentures or other obligations.
The undertaking for us is for a period of twenty years from July 20, 2010.
People's Republic of China Taxation
The EIT Law provides that enterprises established outside of China whose "de facto management bodies" are located in China are considered "resident enterprises" of China. Under the implementation regulations for the EIT Law issued by the PRC State Council, "de facto management body" is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and treasury, and acquisition and disposition of properties and other assets of an enterprise. Although substantially all of our operational management is currently based in the PRC, it is unclear whether PRC tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as a PRC resident enterprise.
Under the EIT Law and implementation regulations issued by the State Council, PRC withholding tax at the rate of 10% is applicable to dividends payable to investors that are "non-resident enterprises," which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC, or which have such establishment or place of business but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends have their sources within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of our ordinary shares or ADSs by such investors is also subject to 10% PRC income tax if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. The implementation regulations of the EIT Law set forth that, (i) if the enterprise that distributes dividends is domiciled in the PRC, or (ii) if gains are realized from transferring equity interests of enterprises domiciled in the PRC, then such dividends or capital gains are treated as China-sourced income. It is not clear how "domicile" may be interpreted under the EIT Law, and it may be interpreted as the jurisdiction where the enterprise is a tax resident. Therefore, if we are considered a PRC "resident enterprise," dividends we pay with respect to our ordinary shares or ADSs, or the gain you may realize from the transfer of our ordinary shares or ADSs, may be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and be subject to PRC tax. It is unclear whether, if we are considered a PRC "resident enterprise," holders of our ordinary shares or ADSs might be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties entered into between China and other countries.
Moreover, non-resident individual investors may be required to pay PRC individual income tax at a rate of 20% on interest or dividends payable to the investors or any capital gains realized from the transfer of ADSs or ordinary shares if such gains are deemed income derived from sources within the PRC. Under the IIT Law, non-resident individual refers to an individual who has no domicile in China and does not stay in the territory of China or who has no domicile in China and has stayed in the territory of China for less than one year. Pursuant to the IIT Law and its implementation rules, for purposes of the PRC capital gains tax, the taxable income will be the balance of the total income obtained from the transfer of the ADSs or ordinary shares minus all the costs and expenses that are permitted under PRC tax laws to be deducted from the income. Therefore, if we are considered as a PRC "resident enterprise" and dividends we pay with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares and the gains realized from the transfer of our ADSs or ordinary shares are considered income derived from sources within the PRC by relevant competent PRC tax authorities, such gains earned by non-resident individuals may also be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 20%.
United States Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following discussion describes the material United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership of our ordinary shares and ADSs as of the date hereof. The discussion is applicable only to United States Holders (as defined below) who hold our ordinary shares or ADSs as capital assets.
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As used herein, the term "United States Holder" means a beneficial owner of an ordinary share or ADS that is for United States federal income tax purposes:
- •
- an individual citizen or resident of the United States;
- •
- a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
- •
- an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
- •
- a trust if it (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.
This discussion does not represent a detailed description of the United States federal income tax consequences applicable to you if you are subject to special treatment under the United States federal income tax laws, including if you are:
- •
- a dealer in securities or currencies;
- •
- a financial institution;
- •
- a regulated investment company;
- •
- a real estate investment trust;
- •
- an insurance company;
- •
- a tax-exempt organization;
- •
- a person holding our ordinary shares or ADSs as part of a hedging, integrated or conversion transaction, a constructive sale or a straddle;
- •
- a trader in securities that has elected the mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities;
- •
- a person liable for alternative minimum tax;
- •
- a person who owns or is deemed to own 10% or more of our voting stock;
- •
- a partnership or other pass-through entity for United States federal income tax purposes; or
- •
- a person whose "functional currency" is not the United States dollar.
The discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and regulations, rulings and judicial decisions thereunder as of the date hereof, which are subject to differing interpretations or change (possibly with retroactive effect) so as to result in United States federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below. In addition, this discussion is based, in part, upon representations made by the depositary to us and assumes that the deposit agreement, and all other related agreements, will be performed in accordance with their terms.
If a partnership holds ordinary shares or ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partnership or a partner in such partnership that holds our ordinary shares or ADSs, you should consult your tax advisors.
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This discussion does not contain a detailed description of all the United States federal income tax consequences to you in light of your particular circumstances and does not address the effects of any state, local or non-United States tax laws.If you are considering the purchase, ownership or disposition of our ordinary shares or ADSs, you should consult your own tax advisors concerning the United States federal income tax consequences to you in light of your particular situation as well as any consequences arising under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.
ADSs
If you hold ADSs, for United States federal income tax purposes, you generally will be treated as the owner of the underlying ordinary shares that are represented by such ADSs. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of ordinary shares for ADSs will not be subject to United States federal income tax.
Taxation of Dividends
Subject to the discussion under "—Passive Foreign Investment Company" below, the gross amount of cash distributions on the ADSs or ordinary shares (including any amounts withheld to reflect PRC withholding taxes) will be taxable as dividends, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Such income (including withheld taxes) will be includable in your gross income as ordinary income on the day actually or constructively received by you, in the case of the ordinary shares, or by the depositary, in the case of ADSs. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations under the Code.
With respect to non-corporate United States Holders, certain dividends received from a "qualified foreign corporation" generally will be subject to reduced rates of taxation rather than the marginal tax rates generally applicable to ordinary income. A non-United States corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividends paid by that corporation on shares (or ADSs backed by such shares) that are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. U.S. Treasury Department guidance indicates that our ADSs, which are listed on the NASDAQ, are regarded as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Thus, we believe that dividends we pay on our ordinary shares that are represented by ADSs, but not on our ordinary shares that are not so represented, meet such conditions required for the reduced tax rates. There can be no assurance that our ADSs will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in later years. A qualified foreign corporation also includes a foreign corporation that is eligible for the benefits of certain income tax treaties with the United States. In the event that we are deemed to be a PRC "resident enterprise" under the PRC tax law (see discussion under "`Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—People's Republic of China Taxation"), we may be eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC, and if we are eligible for such benefits, dividends we pay on our ordinary shares, regardless of whether such shares are represented by ADSs, would be subject to the reduced rates of taxation. Non-corporate United States Holders that do not meet a minimum holding period requirement during which they are not protected from the risk of loss or that elect to treat the dividend income as "investment income" pursuant to Section 163(d)(4) of the Code will not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation regardless of our status as a qualified foreign corporation. In addition, the rate reduction will not apply to dividends if the recipient of a dividend is obligated to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. This disallowance applies even if the minimum holding period has been met. Furthermore, non-corporate United States Holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividends received from us if we are a passive foreign investment company (as discussed below under "—Passive Foreign Investment Company") in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year. You should consult your own tax advisors regarding the application of these rules given your particular circumstances.
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In the event that we are deemed to be a PRC "resident enterprise" under the PRC tax law and dividends paid to you with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares are considered as PRC-sourced income by relevant PRC authorities, you will generally be subject to PRC withholding taxes on such dividends at a rate of 10% if you are deemed to be a non-resident enterprise or at a rate of 20% if you are deemed to be a non-resident individual. See "Item 4. Information of the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations of Our Industry—Regulations Regarding the Enterprise Income Tax and Dividend Withholding Tax." In that case, however, you may be able to obtain a reduced rate of PRC withholding taxes under the treaty between the United States and the PRC if certain requirements are met. In addition, subject to certain conditions and limitations, PRC withholding taxes on dividends, if any, may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against your United States federal income tax liability. For purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit, dividends paid to you with respect to our ordinary shares or ADSs will be treated as income from sources outside the United States and will generally constitute passive category income. Furthermore, in certain circumstances, if you have held our ordinary shares or ADSs for less than a specified minimum period during which you are not protected from risk of loss, or are obligated to make payments related to the dividends, you will not be allowed a foreign tax credit for any PRC withholding taxes imposed on dividends paid on our ordinary shares or ADSs. The rules governing eligibility for the benefits of the income tax treaty and the foreign tax credit are complex, and will depend upon your particular circumstances. Accordingly, you are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the benefits of the income tax treaty and foreign tax credit under your particular circumstances.
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year, as determined under United States federal income tax principles, the distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your ADSs or ordinary shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain recognized on a sale or exchange. We do not expect to keep earnings and profits in accordance with United States federal income tax principles. Therefore, you should expect that a distribution will generally be reported as a dividend (as discussed above).
Passive Foreign Investment Company
Based upon the past and projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, including goodwill, we do not believe we were a "passive foreign investment company," or PFIC, for our taxable year ending December 31, 2012, and we do not expect to become one in the current year or in the future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. Moreover, the determination of our PFIC status is based on an annual determination that cannot be made until the close of a taxable year and involves extensive factual investigation. This investigation includes ascertaining the fair market value of all of our assets on a quarterly basis and the character of each item of income we earn, which cannot be completed until the close of a taxable year, and therefore, our U.S. counsel expresses no opinion with respect to our PFIC status.
In general, we will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which:
- •
- at least 75% of our gross income is passive income, or
- •
- at least 50% of the value (determined based on a quarterly average) of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income.
For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties and rents (other than royalties and rents derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person). If we own at least 25% (by value) of the stock of another corporation, we will be treated, for purposes of the PFIC tests, as owning our proportionate share of the other corporation's assets and receiving our proportionate share of the other corporation's income. However, it is not entirely clear how the contractual arrangements between us and our affiliated consolidated entities will
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be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules. If it is determined that we do not own the stock of the affiliated consolidated entities for United States federal income tax purposes (for instance, because the relevant PRC authorities do not respect these arrangements), we would likely be treated as a PFIC.
The determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually. Accordingly, it is possible that we may become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year due to changes in our asset or income composition. Because we have valued our goodwill based on the market value of our equity, a decrease in the price of our ADSs may also result in our becoming a PFIC. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs or ordinary shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold our ADSs or ordinary shares.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs or ordinary shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any "excess distribution" received and any gain realized from a sale or other disposition, including a pledge, of ADSs or ordinary shares. Distributions received in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares will be treated as excess distributions. Under these special tax rules:
- •
- the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares,
- •
- the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and
- •
- the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.
In addition, non-corporate United States Holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividends received from us (as described under "—Taxation of Dividends" above) if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year. You will be required to file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 if you hold our ADSs or ordinary shares in any year in which we are classified as a PFIC. Furthermore, under enacted legislation, if you hold ADSs or ordinary shares in any year in which we are a PFIC, you are required to file an annual report containing such information as the U.S. Treasury may require.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs or ordinary shares and any of our non-United States subsidiaries is also a PFIC, a United States Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of these rules. You are urged to consult your tax advisors about the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.
In certain circumstances, in lieu of being subject to the excess distribution rules discussed above, you may make an election to include gain on the stock of a PFIC as ordinary income under a mark-to-market method, provided that such stock is regularly traded on a qualified exchange. Under current law, the mark-to-market election may be available to holders of ADSs because the ADSs are listed on the NASDAQ, which constitutes a qualified exchange, although there can be no assurance that the ADSs are or will be "regularly traded" for purposes of the mark-to-market election. It should also be noted that only the ADSs and not our ordinary shares are listed on the NASDAQ. Consequently, if you are a holder of ordinary shares that are not represented by ADSs, you generally will not be eligible to make a mark-to-market election if we are or become a PFIC.
If you make an effective mark-to-market election, you will include in each taxable year that we are a PFIC as ordinary income the excess of the fair market value of your ADSs at the end of the year over your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs. You will be entitled to deduct as an ordinary loss each year
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the excess of your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs over their fair market value at the end of the year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. If you make an effective mark-to-market election, in each year that we are a PFIC any gain you recognize upon the sale or other disposition of your ADSs will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election.
Your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs will be increased by the amount of any income inclusion and decreased by the amount of any deductions under the mark-to-market rules. If you make a mark-to-market election it will be effective for the taxable year for which the election is made and all subsequent taxable years unless the ADSs are no longer regularly traded on a qualified exchange or the Internal Revenue Service consents to the revocation of the election. You are urged to consult your tax advisor about the availability of the mark-to-market election, and whether making the election would be advisable in your particular circumstances.
Subject to certain limitations, you may also avoid the rules described above with respect to the stock you own in a PFIC by electing to treat such PFIC as a "qualified electing fund" under Section 1295 of the Code. However, this option is not available to you because we do not intend to comply with the requirements necessary to permit you to make this election. You are urged to consult your tax advisors concerning the United States federal income tax consequences of holding ADSs or ordinary shares if we are considered a PFIC in any taxable year.
Taxation of Capital Gains
For United States federal income tax purposes, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale or exchange of ADSs or ordinary shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized for the ADSs or ordinary shares and your tax basis in the ADSs or ordinary shares. Subject to the discussion under "—Passive Foreign Investment Company" above, such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. Capital gains of individuals derived with respect to capital assets held for more than one year are eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by you will generally be treated as United States source gain or loss. Consequently, you may not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any PRC tax imposed on the disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the tax consequences if a foreign withholding tax is imposed on a disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, including the availability of the foreign tax credit under your particular circumstances.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
In general, information reporting will apply to dividends in respect of our ADSs or ordinary shares and the proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of our ADSs or ordinary shares that are paid to you within the United States (and in certain cases, outside the United States), unless you are an exempt recipient. A backup withholding tax may apply to such payments if you fail to provide a taxpayer identification number or certification of other exempt status or fail to report in full dividend and interest income.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or a credit against your United States federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
YOU SHOULD CONSULT WITH YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION AS WELL AS ANY ADDITIONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES
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RESULTING FROM PURCHASING, HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF ORDINARY SHARES OR ADSS, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF THE TAX LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN JURISDICTION, AND ANY ESTATE, GIFT OR INHERITANCE LAWS.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
We have filed this annual report on Form 20-F, including exhibits, with the SEC. As allowed by the SEC, in Item 19 of this annual report on Form 20-F, we incorporate by reference certain information we filed with the SEC. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this annual report on Form 20-F.
You may read and copy this annual report on Form 20-F, including the exhibits incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 20-F, at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the SEC's regional offices in New York, New York, and Chicago, Illinois. You can also request copies of this annual report on Form 20-F, including the exhibits incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 20-F, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Room for information.
The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. Our annual report and some of the other information submitted by us to the SEC may be accessed through this website.
Not applicable.
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign Exchange Risk
The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in China's political and economic conditions. The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set by the People's Bank of China. In July 2005, the PRC government changed its policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar, and the Renminbi was permitted to fluctuate within a band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. As a result, the Renminbi appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. However, the People's Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to limit fluctuations in Renminbi exchange rates and achieve policy goals. For almost two years after July 2008, the Renminbi traded within a very narrow range against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high. As a consequence, the Renminbi fluctuated significantly during that period against other freely traded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. In June 2010, the PRC government announced that it would increase the exchange rate flexibility of the Renminbi, though it did not specify how the increased flexibility would be implemented. In April 2013, the People's Bank of China announced that it would expand the floating range of the trading price of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar from 0.5% to 1.0%, beginning on April 16, 2012. In 2012, the Renminbi appreciated 1.02% against the U.S. dollar. There remains significant international pressure
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on the PRC government to adopt a more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar.
We use the U.S. dollar as our functional and reporting currency for our financial statements. All transactions in currencies other than the U.S. dollar during the year are re-measured at the exchange rates prevailing on the respective relevant dates of such transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities existing at the balance sheet date denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are re-measured at the exchange rates prevailing on such date. Exchange differences are recorded in our consolidated income statement. The financial records of our PRC subsidiary and affiliated consolidated entities are maintained in local currency, the Renminbi, which is their functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates at the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the year. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in equity. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations in other income (expenses).
Fluctuations in exchange rates also affect our balance sheet. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount that we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of paying dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, depreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have a negative effect on the corresponding U.S. dollar amount available to us. Considering the amount of our cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2012, a 1% change in the exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar would result in an increase or decrease of approximately US$0.1 million to our total cash.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest rates for our outstanding debt and the interest income generated by excess cash invested in liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. As of December 31, 2012, our total outstanding loans amounted to US$30.6 million with interest rates of ranging from 3.18% to 7.20%. Assuming the same principal amount, a 1% increase in each applicable interest rate would have added US$0.06 million to our interest expense in 2012. We have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure. Variable interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk.
We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest income may be lower than expected due to changes in market interest rates.
Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
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Fees and Charges
As an ADS holder, you will be required to pay the following service fees to the depositary bank:
| | |
Service: | | Fee: |
---|
Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property | | Up to $0.05 per ADS issued |
Cancellation of ADSs, including in the case of termination of the deposit agreement | | Up to $0.05 per ADS cancelled |
Distribution of cash dividends or other cash distributions | | Up to $0.05 per ADS held |
Distribution of ADSs pursuant to share dividends, free share distributions or exercise of rights | | Up to $0.05 per ADS held |
Distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights to purchase ADSs additional ADSs | | A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been ordinary shares and the ordinary shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs |
Depositary services | | Up to $0.05 per ADS held on the applicable record date(s) established by the depositary bank |
Transfer of ADRs | | $1.50 per certificate presented for transfer |
As an ADS holder, you will also be responsible to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the depositary bank and certain taxes and governmental charges such as:
- •
- Fees for the transfer and registration of ordinary shares charged by the registrar and transfer agent for the ordinary shares in the Cayman Islands (i.e., upon deposit and withdrawal of ordinary shares).
- •
- Expenses incurred for converting foreign currency into U.S. dollars.
- •
- Expenses for cable, telex and fax transmissions and for delivery of securities.
- •
- Taxes and duties upon the transfer of securities, including any applicable stamp duties, any stock transfer charges or withholding taxes (i.e., when ordinary shares are deposited or withdrawn from deposit).
- •
- Fees and expenses incurred in connection with the delivery or servicing of ordinary shares on deposit.
- •
- Fees and expenses incurred in connection with complying with exchange control regulations and other regulatory requirements applicable to ordinary shares, deposited securities, ADSs and ADRs.
- •
- Any applicable fees and penalties thereon.
The depositary fees payable upon the issuance and cancellation of ADSs are typically paid to the depositary bank by the brokers (on behalf of their clients) receiving the newly issued ADSs from the depositary bank and by the brokers (on behalf of their clients) delivering the ADSs to the depositary bank for cancellation. The brokers in turn charge these fees to their clients. Depositary fees payable in connection with distributions of cash or securities to ADS holders and the depositary services fee are charged by the depositary bank to the holders of record of ADSs as of the applicable ADS record date.
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The depositary fees payable for cash distributions are generally deducted from the cash being distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. In the case of distributions other than cash (i.e., share dividends, rights), the depositary bank charges the applicable fee to the ADS record date holders concurrent with the distribution. In the case of ADSs registered in the name of the investor (whether certificated or uncertificated in direct registration), the depositary bank sends invoices to the applicable record date ADS holders. In the case of ADSs held in brokerage and custodian accounts (via DTC), the depositary bank generally collects its fees through the systems provided by DTC (whose nominee is the registered holder of the ADSs held in DTC) from the brokers and custodians holding ADSs in their DTC accounts. The brokers and custodians who hold their clients' ADSs in DTC accounts in turn charge their clients' accounts the amount of the fees paid to the depositary banks.
In the event of refusal to pay the depositary fees, the depositary bank may, under the terms of the deposit agreement, refuse the requested service until payment is received or may set off the amount of the depositary fees from any distribution to be made to the ADS holder.
The depositary has agreed to reimburse us for a portion of certain expenses we incur that are related to establishment and maintenance of the ADR program, including investor relations expenses. There are limits on the amount of expenses for which the depositary will reimburse us, but the amount of reimbursement available to us is not related to the amounts of fees the depositary collects from investors. Further, the depositary has agreed to reimburse us certain fees payable to the depositary by holders of ADSs. Neither the depositary nor we can determine the exact amount to be made available to us because (i) the number of ADSs that will be issued and outstanding, (ii) the level of service fees to be charged to holders of ADSs and (iii) our reimbursable expenses related to the program are not known at this time.
Payments by Depositary
As of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, we have received payments in the aggregate amount of US$1.0 million from Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the depositary bank for our ADR program for reimbursement of investor relations expenses and other program related expenses.
PART II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
None of these events occurred in any of the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
See "Item 10. Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association" for a description of the rights of securities holders, which remain unchanged.
On December 14, 2010, we completed our initial public offering, in which we offered and sold 11,740,000 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs, raising US$92.8 million in proceeds to us before expenses but after underwriting discounts and commissions. In connection with our initial public offering, we incurred total expenses of US$10.5 million, including US$7.0 million in underwriting discounts and commissions and US$3.5 of other expenses.
The effective date of our registration statement on Form F-1 (File number: 333-170657) was December 8, 2010.
For the period from the effective date to December 31, 2012, we used all of the net proceeds from our initial public offering. We used approximately US$33.7 million to invest in film productions,
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US$4.4 million to acquire distribution rights, US$26.6 million for the acquisitions of Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight and US$24.6 million to invest in movie theaters.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rules 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2012, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for our company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company's assets, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that a company's receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company's management and directors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of a company's assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financial statement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our management assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 using the criteria set forth in the report "Internal Control—Integrated Framework" published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (known as COSO). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2012.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 has been audited by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, who has audited the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012 included in this annual report on Form 20-F.
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Bona Film Group Limited,
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Bona Film Group Limited, its subsidiaries, its variable interest entities ("VIEs") and its VIEs' subsidiaries (collectively the "Group") as of December 31, 2012, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework
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issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Group's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 of the Group and our report dated April 29, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Group's adoption of the authoritative guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP
Beijing, the People's Republic of China
April 29, 2013
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Two significant deficiencies were disclosed in our Form 20-F for 2011 as follows: (i) lack of sufficient accounting personnel with appropriate accounting knowledge to achieve and maintain work efficiency, and (ii) operating ineffectiveness of controls in relation to customers background review for significant sales contracts.
We have taken the following remedial measures to address the significant deficiencies:
- •
- In June 2012, we recruited a new CFO with U.S. CPA qualification, extensive knowledge and professional experience in U.S. GAAP reporting.
- •
- We recruited 3 financial analysts in 2012, who had worked in "Big 4" accounting firm as senior auditors. They all have experience in U.S. GAAP reporting.
- •
- We requested our key financial personnel to regularly attend live training seminars hosted by accredited third parties to stay current with U.S. GAAP reporting requirements. Key financial personnel have monitored the developments and updates and studied the U.S. GAAP training materials made available on-line by accredited institutions. We continued to encourage our financial personnel to take the U.S. CPA examinations.
- •
- We improved the operating effectiveness of controls over customer selection for significant sales contracts, including setting up detailed criteria for customer selection and policies related to maintaining copies of customers' business licenses and background investigation reports. Such written policies and procedures were circulated to employees through emails and face-to-face workshops to ensure that our employees have a thorough understanding of them.
As of December 31, 2012, our management concluded that the aforementioned significant deficiencies had been remediated.
Except for the remedial measures described above, there have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Daqing Dave Qi is our audit committee financial expert and an independent director. See "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—C. Board Practices—Committees of the Board of Directors."
Item 16B. Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics which applies to our directors, employees and officers, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officers. No changes have been made to the code of ethics since its adoption and no waivers have been granted therefrom to our directors or employees. We have filed this code of ethics as an exhibit to this annual report on Form 20-F, and a copy is available to any shareholder upon request. This code of ethics is also available on our website at http://ir.bonafilm.cn/governance.cfm.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
At the direction of the government of the People's Republic of China in accordance with the Scheme of the Localization Restructuring of Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Accounting Firms, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Limited, our principal external auditors, has restructured to a new partnership and changed its name to Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP, effective from January 1, 2013. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP has succeeded Deloitte
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Touche Tohmatsu CPA Limited for all purposes and assumed all of the obligations and rights of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Limited with effect from January 1, 2013. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Limited and Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP are hereinafter referred to as "Deloitte". Deloitte has served as our independent public accountant for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2012, for which audited financial statements appear in this annual report on Form 20-F.
The following table presents the aggregate fees for professional services and other services rendered by Deloitte to us in 2011 and 2012.
| | | | | | | |
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
| | US$ (in thousands)
| | US$ (in thousands)
| |
---|
Audit Fees(1) | | | 1,010 | | | 1,070 | |
| | | | | |
Total | | | 1,010 | | | 1,070 | |
| | | | | |
- (1)
- Audit fees consist of fees billed for the audit or review of our annual financial statements, internal control over financial reporting, quarterly financial statements, and related statutory and regulatory filings.
Our audit committee is responsible for the oversight of our independent accountants' work. The policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by Deloitte including audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services, as described above.
All audit and non-audit services performed by Deloitte must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
None.
Item 16E. Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.
Item 16F. Change in Registrant's Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.
Item 16G. Corporate Governance
The Company's corporate governance practices have generally followed the requirements of NASDAQ market rules and Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to corporate governance.
PART III
Item 17. Financial Statements
We have elected to provide the financial statements and related information specified in Item 18.
Item 18. Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements of Bona Film Group Limited are included at the end of this annual report on Form 20-F.
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EXHIBIT INDEX
| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description of Exhibits |
---|
1.1 | | Second Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of Bona Film Group Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010), as amended by a resolution approved at the 2012 annual general meeting of the Company on December 28, 2012. |
2.1 | | Registrant's Specimen American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
2.2 | | Registrant's Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
2.3 | | Form of Deposit Agreement between the Registrant, the depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No.333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
2.4 | | Subscription Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2007, in respect of the issuance and sale of the Series A preferred shares of predecessor of Bona International Film Group Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
2.5 | | Subscription Agreement, dated as of July 7, 2009, in respect of the issuance and sale of the Series B-1 preferred shares and B-2 preferred shares of Bona International Film Group Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
2.6 | | Subscription Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2010, in respect of the issuance and sale of the Series B-3 preferred shares of Bona International Film Group Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
2.7 | | Amended and Restated Shareholders' Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2010, by and among the Registrant and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
2.8 | | Investor Rights Agreement, dated May 21, 2012, by and among Mr. Dong Yu, Skillgreat Limited, Bona Film Group Limited and NCIH, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Schedule 13D filed by Skillgreat Limited and Mr. Dong Yu with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 25, 2012). |
4.1 | | Registrant's 2009 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
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| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description of Exhibits |
---|
4.2 | | Registrant's 2010 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
4.3 | | Form of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrant's directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
4.4 | | Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and an Executive Officer of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
4.5 | | English translation of Form of Exclusive Technology and Consulting Service Agreement by and between Beijing Bona New World Media Technology Co., Ltd. and the affiliated consolidated entity (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5.1 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
4.6 | | English translation of Form of Amendment to Exclusive Technology and Consulting Service Agreement by and between Beijing Bona New World Media Technology Co., Ltd. and the affiliated consolidated entity (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5.2 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
4.7 | | English translation of Form of Voting Trust and Equity Purchase Agreement by and between Bona International Film Group Limited, Beijing Bona New World Media Technology Co., Ltd., the affiliated consolidated entity, Mr. Dong Yu and the shareholders of the affiliated consolidated entity (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5.3 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
4.8 | | English translation of Form of Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Beijing Bona New World Media Technology Co., Ltd., Mr. Dong Yu and other the shareholders of the affiliated consolidated entity (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5.4 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
*4.9 | | English translation of Loan Agreement, dated as of May 32, 2011, between Dong Yu and Beijing Bona New World Media Technology Co., Ltd. |
4.10 | | English translation of Form of Confidentiality, Non-Competition and Intellectual Property Rights Agreement between the Beijing Bona New World Media Technology Co., Ltd. and an employee of thereof (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
4.11 | | English translation of Form of Fixed Assets Loan Contract, between Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Dongcheng Branch and Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
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| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description of Exhibits |
---|
*4.12 | | Schedule of material differences between (i) Exhibit 4.11 above, and (ii) the 2012 Form of Fixed Assets Loan Contract, between Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Dongcheng Branch and Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC). |
4.13 | | English translation of General Credit Facility Grant Contract, dated as of September 15, 2010, between Bank of Beijing, Chaowai Branch and Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
4.14 | | English translation of Guarantee, dated as of September 15, 2010, between Bank of Beijing, Chaowai Branch and Mr. Dong Yu (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
4.15 | | Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 13, 2012, by and among Mr. Dong Yu, Skillgreat Limited, Bona Film Group Limited and NCIH, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Schedule 13D filed by Skillgreat Limited and Mr. Dong Yu with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 25, 2012). |
*4.16 | | Business Loan Agreement, dated November 20, 2012, between Bona Entertainment Company Limited and East West Bank. |
*4.17 | | Modification to the Loan Agreement, dated as of April 9, 2013, between Bona Entertainment Company Limited and East West Bank. |
*4.18 | | Promissory Note, dated November 20, 2012, for loan issued by East West Bank to Bona Entertainment Company Limited under the Business Loan Agreement filed as Exhibit 4.9 to this annual report on Form 20-F. |
*4.19 | | Commercial Security Agreement, dated November 20, 2012, between Bona Entertainment Company Limited and East West Bank. |
*4.20 | | Commercial Guaranty, dated November 20, 2012, between Bona Entertainment Company Limited and East West Bank. |
*4.21 | | Facility Letter, dated August 3, 2012, between CITIC Bank International Limited and Bona Film Group. |
*4.22 | | English translation of Standby Letter of Credit Issuance Agreement, dated August 13, 2012, between CITIC Bank International (China) Co., Ltd. and Bona Film Group Co., Ltd (PRC). |
*4.23 | | English translation of Deposit Pledge Agreement, dated August 13, 2012, between CITIC Bank International (China) Co., Ltd. and Bona Film Group Co., Ltd (PRC). |
*8.1 | | List of Significant Subsidiaries of Bona Film Group Limited. |
11.1 | | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-170657), as amended, initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2010). |
*12.1 | | Certification of our Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
*12.2 | | Certification of our Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description of Exhibits |
---|
*13.1 | | Certification by our Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
*13.2 | | Certification by our Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
*15.1 | | Consent of Independent Registered Accounting Firm. |
*15.2 | | Consent of Han Kun Law Offices. |
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SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on Form 20-F on its behalf.
| | | | |
| | BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED |
| | By: | | /s/ Amy Xu
|
| | Name: | | Amy Xu |
| | Title: | | Chief Financial Officer |
Date: April 29, 2013
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | |
Contents | | Page(s) | |
---|
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | | | F-2 | |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2011 AND 2012 | | | F-3 | |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012 | | | F-5 | |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012 | | | F-6 | |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012 | | | F-7 | |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012 | | | F-8 | |
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | | | F-10 | |
F-1
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Bona Film Group Limited, its subsidiaries, its variable interest entities ("VIEs"), and its VIEs' subsidiaries (collectively, the "Group") as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Group's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, such statements have been adjusted for the retrospective application of the authoritative guidance regarding the presentation of comprehensive income, which was adopted by the Group on January 1, 2012.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Group's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated April 29, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Group's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP
Beijing, the People's Republic of China
April 29, 2013
F-2
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Assets | | | | | | | |
Current assets | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 20,107,349 | | | 23,227,922 | |
Term deposits | | | 6,038,107 | | | — | |
Restricted cash | | | 4,066,162 | | | 4,815,332 | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $697,246 and $737,741 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively | | | 41,642,787 | | | 40,307,672 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 27,335,348 | | | 23,329,262 | |
Amounts due from related parties, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $174,819 and nil as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively | | | 1,183,083 | | | 343,817 | |
Current deferred tax assets | | | 15,697 | | | 970,683 | |
Inventories | | | 228,412 | | | 276,436 | |
| | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 100,616,945 | | | 93,271,124 | |
Distribution rights | | | 3,663,966 | | | 11,406,692 | |
Production costs | | | 69,844,822 | | | 90,345,409 | |
Prepaid film costs | | | 6,340,770 | | | 7,426,915 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 40,208,447 | | | 60,208,609 | |
Acquired intangible assets, net | | | 3,993,152 | | | 3,189,481 | |
Non-current deferred tax assets | | | 320,670 | | | 311,102 | |
Cost method investments | | | 95,330 | | | 1,296,307 | |
Equity method investments | | | 55,340 | | | — | |
Goodwill | | | 48,612,487 | | | 49,110,021 | |
| | | | | |
Total assets | | | 273,751,929 | | | 316,565,660 | |
| | | | | |
Accounts payable (including accounts payable of the consolidated variable interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of $26,499,111 and $30,597,371 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | 27,807,118 | | | 35,257,660 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of the consolidated variable interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of $22,689,668 and $24,589,125 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | 27,239,987 | | | 28,145,099 | |
Amounts due to related parties-current (including amounts due to related parties of the consolidated variable interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of $2,621,348 and $5,084,036 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | 3,027,872 | | | 5,746,328 | |
Income tax payable (including income tax payable of the consolidated variable interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of $593,802 and $2,201,399 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | 795,229 | | | 2,420,443 | |
Bank borrowing (including bank borrowing of the consolidated variables interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of $9,361,543 and $8,058,291 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | 12,561,806 | | | 12,542,161 | |
Other borrowing (including other borrowing of the consolidated variable interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of $1,831,658 and $8,671,050 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | 1,831,658 | | | 8,671,050 | |
Current film participation financing liabilities (including current film participation financing liabilities of the consolidated variable interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of $12,942,687 and $13,640,385 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | 16,224,219 | | | 15,086,892 | |
| | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 89,487,889 | | | 107,869,633 | |
| | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Bank borrowings (including bank borrowings of the consolidated variable interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of nil and $8,025,553 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | — | | | 18,025,553 | |
Deferred income (including deferred income of the consolidated variable interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of nil and $42,720 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | 1,056,676 | | | 813,681 | |
Deferred tax liability (including deferred tax Liabilities of the consolidated variable interest entities without recourse to Bona Film Group Limited of $413,219 and $211,203 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively) | | | 413,219 | | | 211,203 | |
| | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 90,957,784 | | | 126,920,070 | |
| | | | | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 27) | | | | | | | |
Equity | | | | | | | |
Bona Film Group Limited's ordinary shares ($0.0005 par value; 85,000,000 shares authorized, 30,402,346 and 29,389,089 shares issued and outstanding respectively as of December 31, 2011 and 30,402,346 and 29,737,257 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012) | | | 14,695 | | | 14,869 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 169,519,847 | | | 176,134,737 | |
Statutory reserves | | | 2,044,870 | | | 2,543,272 | |
Accumulated profit | | | 2,332,802 | | | 550,518 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 5,436,305 | | | 6,465,090 | |
| | | | | |
Total Bona Film Group Limited's equity | | | 179,348,519 | | | 185,708,486 | |
| | | | | |
Noncontrolling interests | | | 3,445,626 | | | 3,937,104 | |
| | | | | |
Total equity | | | 182,794,145 | | | 189,645,590 | |
| | | | | |
Total liabilities and equity | | | 273,751,929 | | | 316,565,660 | |
| | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Net revenue | | | 52,819,786 | | | 126,161,270 | | | 142,282,919 | |
Cost of revenue | | | 26,501,853 | | | 66,458,217 | | | 86,085,046 | |
| | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | 26,317,933 | | | 59,703,053 | | | 56,197,873 | |
| | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | |
Film participation expenses | | | 696,101 | | | 321,100 | | | 438,636 | |
Selling and marketing expenses | | | 7,213,519 | | | 18,506,262 | | | 18,490,433 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 9,305,393 | | | 28,371,497 | | | 41,890,064 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 17,215,013 | | | 47,198,859 | | | 60,819,133 | |
| | | | | | | |
Government subsidies | | | 88,147 | | | 220,559 | | | 3,866,700 | |
| | | | | | | |
Operating income (loss) | | | 9,191,067 | | | 12,724,753 | | | (754,560 | ) |
Other income: | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income from bank deposits | | | 16,125 | | | 248,266 | | | 246,423 | |
Interest income from loan to producer of TV series | | | 856,788 | | | 141,545 | | | — | |
Interest expenses | | | (409,599 | ) | | (589,833 | ) | | (399,319 | ) |
Gain on extinguishment of liability | | | 488,799 | | | — | | | — | |
Exchange gain | | | 16,464 | | | 1,748,044 | | | 373,265 | |
Loss on disposal of an equity method investment | | | — | | | — | | | (5,584 | ) |
Other income | | | 225,095 | | | 770,081 | | | 288,157 | |
Changes in fair value of derivatives | | | (14,528,000 | ) | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
(Loss) income before income tax and equity in earnings of equity method investments, net of tax | | | (4,143,261 | ) | | 15,042,856 | | | (251,618 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 91,053 | | | 473,542 | | | 1,322,368 | |
Equity in earnings of equity method investments, net of tax | | | 11,254 | | | 3,062 | | | 5,604 | |
| | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | | (4,223,060 | ) | | 14,572,376 | | | (1,568,382 | ) |
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to the noncontrolling interests | | | (131,686 | ) | | 140,295 | | | (284,500 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income attributable to Bona Film Group Limited | | | (4,091,374 | ) | | 14,432,081 | | | (1,283,882 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Deemed dividend on Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares | | | 1,053,766 | | | — | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares | | | 1,096,380 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income attributable to holders of ordinary shares of Bona Film Group Limited | | | (6,241,520 | ) | | 14,432,081 | | | (1,283,882 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income per ordinary share | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | (0.49 | ) | | 0.49 | | | (0.04 | ) |
Diluted | | | (0.49 | ) | | 0.48 | | | (0.04 | ) |
Weighted average shares used in calculating net income per ordinary share | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 12,758,575 | | | 29,353,936 | | | 29,514,979 | |
Diluted | | | 12,758,575 | | | 29,844,462 | | | 29,514,979 | |
| | | | | | | |
Share-based compensation expenses | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling and marketing expenses | | | 40,418 | | | — | | | — | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 406,927 | | | 3,647,144 | | | 4,803,163 | |
| | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Net (loss) revenue | | | (4,223,060 | ) | | 14,572,376 | | | (1,568,382 | ) |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | 1,566,000 | | | 3,449,951 | | | 1,030,733 | |
| | | | | | | |
Comprehensive (loss) income | | | (2,657,060 | ) | | 18,022,327 | | | (537,649 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to the noncontrolling interests | | | (124,925 | ) | | 188,095 | | | (282,552 | ) |
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Bona Film Group Limited | | | (2,532,135 | ) | | 17,834,232 | | | (255,097 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Bona Film Group Limited's shareholders' | |
| |
| |
---|
| | Ordinary shares | |
| |
| |
| | Accumulated other comprehensive income | |
| |
| |
| |
---|
| | Additional paid-in capital | | Statutory reserves | | Accumulated profit (deficit) | | Total Bona Film Group Limited's equity | | Noncontrolling interests | | Total equity | |
---|
| | Shares | | Amount | |
---|
Balance at January 1, 2010 | | | 7,811,656 | | | 3,906 | | | 4,103,847 | | | 1,748,455 | | | (5,561,344 | ) | | 474,915 | | | 769,779 | | | 597,061 | | | 1,366,840 | |
Issuance of ordinary shares for acquisition of movie theaters | | | 5,810,320 | | | 2,905 | | | 26,120,287 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 26,123,192 | | | — | | | 26,123,192 | |
Exercise of options | | | 317,072 | | | 158 | | | 1,999,842 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,000,000 | | | — | | | 2,000,000 | �� |
Elimination of derivatives liabilities | | | | | | | | | 17,907,000 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 17,907,000 | | | — | | | 17,907,000 | |
Conversion of series A preferred shares to ordinary shares | | | 5,849,856 | | | 2,926 | | | 10,778,706 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 10,781,632 | | | — | | | 10,781,632 | |
Conversion of series B preferred shares to ordinary shares | | | 3,690,577 | | | 1,845 | | | 14,692,691 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 14,694,536 | | | — | | | 14,694,536 | |
Issuance of ordinary shares on initial public offering ("IPO") (net of issuance cost of US$3,559,581) | | | 5,870,000 | | | 2,935 | | | 89,242,184 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 89,245,119 | | | — | | | 89,245,119 | |
Deemed dividend of Series A preferred shares | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,053,766 | ) | | — | | | (1,053,766 | ) | | — | | | (1,053,766 | ) |
Deemed dividend of Series B preferred shares | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,096,380 | ) | | — | | | (1,096,380 | ) | | — | | | (1,096,380 | ) |
Net loss | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (4,091,374 | ) | | — | | | (4,091,374 | ) | | (131,686 | ) | | (4,223,060 | ) |
Share-based compensation | | | — | | | — | | | 447,345 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 447,345 | | | — | | | 447,345 | |
Transfer to statutory reserves | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 227,260 | | | (227,260 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,559,239 | | | 1,559,239 | | | 6,761 | | | 1,566,000 | |
Acquisition of movie theaters | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,071,408 | | | 2,071,408 | |
Capital contribution by a noncontrolling shareholder | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 364,421 | | | 364,421 | |
Acquisition of equity interests from a noncontrolling shareholder | | | — | | | — | | | 683,434 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 683,434 | | | (805,555 | ) | | (122,121 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2010 | | | 29,349,481 | | | 14,675 | | | 165,975,336 | | | 1,975,715 | | | (12,030,124 | ) | | 2,034,154 | | | 157,969,756 | | | 2,102,410 | | | 160,072,166 | |
IPO cost | | | — | | | — | | | (350,000 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (350,000 | ) | | — | | | (350,000 | ) |
Exercise of options | | | 39,608 | | | 20 | | | 247,367 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 247,387 | | | — | | | 247,387 | |
Net income | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 14,432,081 | | | — | | | 14,432,081 | | | 140,295 | | | 14,572,376 | |
Share-based compensation | | | — | | | — | | | 3,647,144 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3,647,144 | | | — | | | 3,647,144 | |
Transfer to statutory reserves | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 69,155 | | | (69,155 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3,402,151 | | | 3,402,151 | | | 47,800 | | | 3,449,951 | |
Noncontrolling interests resulted from acquisition of movie theaters | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,155,121 | | | 1,155,121 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2011 | | | 29,389,089 | | | 14,695 | | | 169,519,847 | | | 2,044,870 | | | 2,332,802 | | | 5,436,305 | | | 179,348,519 | | | 3,445,626 | | | 182,794,145 | |
Exercise of options | | | 348,168 | | | 174 | | | 1,811,727 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,811,901 | | | — | | | 1,811,901 | |
Net loss | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,283,882 | ) | | — | | | (1,283,882 | ) | | (284,500 | ) | | (1,568,382 | ) |
Share-based compensation | | | — | | | — | | | 4,803,163 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,803,163 | | | — | | | 4,803,163 | |
Transfer to statutory reserves | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 498,402 | | | (498,402 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,028,785 | | | 1,028,785 | | | 1,948 | | | 1,030,733 | |
Capital contribution by noncontrolling shareholders | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 774,030 | | | 774,030 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2012 | | | 29,737,257 | | | 14,869 | | | 176,134,737 | | | 2,543,272 | | | 550,518 | | | 6,465,090 | | | 185,708,486 | | | 3,937,104 | | | 189,645,590 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | | (4,223,060 | ) | | 14,572,376 | | | (1,568,382 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity in earnings of equity method investment | | | (11,254 | ) | | (3,062 | ) | | (5,604 | ) |
Loss on disposal of an equity method investment | | | — | | | — | | | 5,584 | |
Changes in fair value of derivatives | | | 14,528,000 | | | — | | | — | |
Share-based compensation | | | 447,345 | | | 3,647,144 | | | 4,803,163 | |
Provision for bad debt | | | 690 | | | 826,078 | | | 33,279 | |
Other income | | | — | | | (285,714 | ) | | (285,714 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 1,074,059 | | | 2,711,958 | | | 4,370,679 | |
Loss from disposal of property and equipment | | | — | | | 191,705 | | | 2,265 | |
Amortization of distribution rights | | | 3,233,192 | | | 2,331,266 | | | 2,792,844 | |
Amortization of production costs | | | 16,502,364 | | | 37,116,065 | | | 41,774,480 | |
Impairment of production costs | | | — | | | — | | | 2,280,198 | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | 4,861,044 | | | (25,593,187 | ) | | 1,543,005 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | (2,075,312 | ) | | (13,991,376 | ) | | 1,163,197 | |
Distribution rights | | | 105,155 | | | (3,643,433 | ) | | (9,731,283 | ) |
Production costs | | | (61,507,608 | ) | | (40,367,979 | ) | | (64,758,806 | ) |
Inventories | | | 161 | | | (47,732 | ) | | (45,047 | ) |
Amounts due from related parties | | | (5,572,960 | ) | | 1,289,087 | | | 47,019 | |
Accounts payable | | | (3,339,904 | ) | | 13,062,884 | | | 4,048,508 | |
Deferred income | | | — | | | 939,673 | | | 42,031 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | (388,702 | ) | | 9,773,047 | | | 3,019,017 | |
Amounts due to related parties | | | 4,255,386 | | | (674,011 | ) | | 579,148 | |
Income taxes payable | | | (723,163 | ) | | 396,418 | | | 1,587,546 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | (65,296 | ) | | (88,364 | ) | | (1,146,761 | ) |
Film participation financing liabilities | | | 505,319 | | | 76,701 | | | (15,235 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | | (32,394,544 | ) | | 2,239,544 | | | (9,464,869 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired of US$2,221,266, US$1,379,343 and nil, as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively | | | 1,778,462 | | | (24,205,450 | ) | | — | |
Purchase of property and equipment | | | (2,729,922 | ) | | (9,722,708 | ) | | (17,582,818 | ) |
Deposits paid for acquisition of property and equipment | | | — | | | (2,478,320 | ) | | — | |
Prepayment for an cost method investment | | | — | | | (1,200,000 | ) | | — | |
Purchase of cost method investment | | | — | | | (62,909 | ) | | — | |
Disposal of an equity method investment | | | — | | | — | | | 55,020 | |
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests of Baichuan | | | (762,098 | ) | | — | | | — | |
Loan to a producer of TV series | | | (1,168,683 | ) | | 386,835 | | | — | |
Amounts loaned to third parties | | | (3,878,796 | ) | | 2,571,208 | | | (90,469 | ) |
Amounts loaned to related parties | | | (1,668,081 | ) | | (4,010,439 | ) | | — | |
(Purchase) maturity of term deposit | | | — | | | (6,038,107 | ) | | 6,037,761 | |
Deposit of restricted cash | | | — | | | (4,066,162 | ) | | (599,952 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (8,429,118 | ) | | (48,826,052 | ) | | (12,180,458 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from IPO | | | 92,804,700 | | | — | | | — | |
Payment of issuance cost in connection with IPO | | | (1,989,843 | ) | | (350,000 | ) | | — | |
Proceeds from exercise of options | | | 2,000,000 | | | 172,324 | | | 1,822,937 | |
Proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible preferred shares | | | 4,999,886 | | | — | | | — | |
Payment of payable for acquisition of business | | | — | | | — | | | (2,378,008 | ) |
Amount due to related parties and third parties | | | 3,237,497 | | | (6,690,382 | ) | | 2,009,793 | |
Proceeds from bank borrowing | | | 22,303,808 | | | 12,302,434 | | | 38,974,694 | |
Repayments of bank borrowing | | | (8,113,214 | ) | | (22,566,691 | ) | | (21,142,272 | ) |
Proceeds from film participation | | | 10,772,250 | | | 3,998,964 | | | 293,288 | |
Repayments of film participation financing liabilities principal | | | (4,354,761 | ) | | (4,849,323 | ) | | (1,510,889 | ) |
Proceeds from other borrowings | | | 1,342,799 | | | 1,572,723 | | | 6,150,156 | |
Repayments of other borrowings | | | (5,942,595 | ) | | (1,231,034 | ) | | — | |
Capital contribution by a noncontrolling shareholder | | | 364,421 | | | — | | | 774,030 | |
| | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 117,424,948 | | | (17,640,985 | ) | | 24,993,729 | |
| | | | | | | |
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | | | 228,485 | | | 86,858 | | | (227,829 | ) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash | | | 76,829,771 | | | (64,140,635 | ) | | 3,120,573 | |
| | | | | | | |
Cash, beginning of year | | | 7,418,213 | | | 84,247,984 | | | 20,107,349 | |
| | | | | | | |
Cash, end of year | | | 84,247,984 | | | 20,107,349 | | | 23,227,922 | |
| | | | | | | |
Supplement disclosure of cash flow information | | | | | | | | | | |
Income taxes paid | | | 858,322 | | | 196,565 | | | 730,709 | |
Interests paid | | | 999,247 | | | 1,502,957 | | | 967,100 | |
Film participation expenses paid | | | 190,782 | | | 244,399 | | | 132,223 | |
| | | | | | | |
Supplement disclosure of non-cash investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Ordinary shares issued in connection with business acquisition (Note 3(a)) | | | 26,123,194 | | | — | | | — | |
Cash consideration for business acquisition settled as an offset against the amount due from Mr. Dong Yu (Note 3(a) & (d)) | | | 5,337,243 | | | 3,064,993 | | | — | |
Outstanding consideration payable for business acquisition (Note 3(d)) | | | — | | | 2,383,260 | | | — | |
Payable for purchase of property and equipment | | | 1,792,983 | | | 5,668,211 | | | 8,842,796 | |
| | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Introduction
Bona International Film Group Limited ("Bona International") was incorporated in British Virgin Islands ("BVI") on December 13, 2006. Bona International, together with its subsidiaries, variable interest entities (the "VIEs") and VIEs' subsidiaries, are engaged in film related activities and a talent agency business in the People's Republic of China (the "PRC").
Bona Film Group Limited (the "Company") was established in the Cayman Islands in July 2010, which became the holding company of Bona International upon the completion of a 16 to 1 share exchange on November 10, 2010 with the existing shareholders of Bona International for all shares of equivalent classes. This share exchange was treated as a reorganization of entities under common control in a manner akin to a pooling-of-interest as if the Company had always existed and owned Bona International since the establishment of Bona International. The share capital after the share exchange has been reflected retrospectively as if it were the historical share capital for all the periods presented. The Company together with its VIEs and subsidiaries are referred to as the "Group".
Subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
As of December 31, 2012, the Company's subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries included the following entities:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Date of incorporation/ acquisition | | Place of incorporation | | Percentage of legal ownership | |
---|
Subsidiaries: | | | | | | | | |
Bona International Film Group Limited ("Bona International") | | December 13, 2006 | | BVI | | | 100% | |
Alpha Speed Limited | | July 1, 2011 | | BVI | | | 100% | |
Beijing Bona New World Media Technology Co., Ltd. ("Bona New World") | | June 7, 2007 | | PRC | | | 100% | |
Bona Entertainment Co., Ltd. ("Bona Entertainment") | | July 1, 2008 | | Hong Kong | | | 100% | |
Distribution Workshop (BVI) Ltd. ("Distribution Workshop BVI") | | June 29, 2007 | | BVI | | | 51% | |
Distribution Workshop (HK) Ltd. ("Distribution Workshop HK") | | May 31, 2007 | | Hong Kong | | | 51% | |
Bona Production Co., Ltd. ("Bona Production") | | July 21, 2010 | | Hong Kong | | | 100% | |
Film Investments Limited | | October 29, 2012 | | Hong Kong | | | 100% | |
DW2 Limited | | October 29, 2012 | | Hong Kong | | | 100% | |
F-10
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued
| | | | | | | | |
| | Date of incorporation/ acquisition | | Place of incorporation | | Percentage of legal ownership | |
---|
VIEs: | | | | | | | | |
Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd. ("Baichuan") (previously named "Beijing PolyBona Film Distribution Co. Ltd.") | | November 18, 2003 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) ("Bona Film") (previously named "Beijing Bona Film and Culture Communication Co., Ltd.") | | August 1, 2003 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Beijing Bona Advertising Co., Ltd. ("Bona Advertising") | | April 28, 2005 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Cinema Popular Limited ("Cinema Popular") | | October 15, 2008 | | Hong Kong | | | 50% | |
VIEs' subsidiaries: | | | | | | | | |
Zhejiang Bona Film and Television Production Co., Ltd. ("Zhejiang Bona") | | December 5, 2008 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Beijing Bona Xingyi Culture Agency Co., Ltd. ("Bona Xingyi") (previously named "Beijing Bona Yinglong Culture Agency Co., Ltd.") | | June 25, 2008 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Beijing Bona International Cineplex Investment and Management Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Bona Cineplex") | | November 14, 2005 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Beijing Bona Youtang Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Bona Youtang") | | April 13, 2009 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Shijiazhuang Bona Cinema Investment Management Co., Ltd. ("Shijiazhuang Cinema") | | August 27, 2009 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Shenzhen Bona Shidai Cinema Investment Management Co., Ltd. ("Shenzhen Cinema") | | December 11, 2009 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Shanghai Bona Yinxing Cinema Development Co., Ltd. ("Shanghai Cinema") | | March 5, 2008 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Xi'an Huitong Bona Film Culture Media Co., Ltd. ("Xi'an Huitong") | | October 18, 2010 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Beijing Bona Starlight Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Bona Starlight") | | July 1, 2011 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Beijing Bona Shunjing Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Shunjng Cinema") | | July 1, 2011 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Beijing Bona Huixin Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Huixin Cinema") | | July 1, 2011 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Tianjin Bona Jinkang Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Jinkang Cinema") | | July 1, 2011 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
F-11
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued
| | | | | | | | |
| | Date of incorporation/ acquisition | | Place of incorporation | | Percentage of legal ownership | |
---|
Chongqing Bona Yuexin Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Yuexin Cinema") | | July 1, 2011 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Changsha Mango Bona Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Mangguo Cinema") | | July 1, 2011 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Beijing Bona Jingpin Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Jingpin Cinema") | | November 8, 2011 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Beijing Bona Tianshi Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Tianshi Cinema") | | November 29, 2011 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Dongguan Bona Dongsheng Cineplex Investment Co., Ltd. ("Dongsheng Cinema") | | December 1, 2011 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Tianjin Nongken Bona Film Investment Co., Ltd. ("Tianjin Nongken") | | April 20, 2012 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Shanghai Bona Zhongyuan Management and Consulting Co., Ltd. ("Shanghai Zhongyuan") | | May 24, 2012 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Suzhou Bona Lifeng Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Suzhou Lifeng") | | June 27, 2012 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Tianjin Bona Culture Media Co., Ltd. ("Bona Tianjin") | | July 18, 2012 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
Fenghua Bona Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("FengHua Bona") | | August 17, 2012 | | PRC | | | 0% | |
The VIE arrangements
The Group operates its businesses in the PRC through its affiliated entities due to the PRC regulations that restrict foreign investments in the film, television program, movie theaters, talent agency and advertising industries (the "Restricted Business"). As a Cayman Islands corporation, the Company is deemed a foreign legal person under PRC laws. Accordingly the Company is not allowed to directly own and operate the Restricted Business in the PRC.
The Company therefore conducts substantially all of its Restricted Business in the PRC through contractual arrangements with its VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries. The VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries hold the requisite license and permits necessary to conduct the Restricted Business in the PRC. In addition, the VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries hold leases and other assets necessary to operate the Restricted Business in the PRC and generate substantially all of the Company's revenue in the PRC. The Group has three affiliated consolidated entities that operate its businesses in the PRC, each of which is an entity duly formed under PRC law.
F-12
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued
These affiliated consolidated entities were established in the years set forth below:
| | | | |
Year of establishment | | PRC affiliated entities | | Principal activities |
---|
2003 | | Beijing Baichuan Film Distribution Co., Ltd. | | Films distribution |
2003 | | Bona Film Group Co., Ltd. (PRC) | | Movie theater business, talent agency services and television production |
2005 | | Beijing Bona Advertising Co., Ltd. | | Film related advertising sales |
To provide the Company the power to control and the ability to receive substantially all of the expected residual returns of the VIEs, Bona New World entered into a series of contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders in July 2007.
• Agreements that transfer economic benefits to Bona New World
Exclusive Technology and Consulting Service Agreements
Under these agreements between Bona New World and each of the VIEs, Bona New Word provides film investment consulting and technical service, operations management and marketing strategy consulting to the VIEs. As consideration for these services, the VIEs pay Bona New World a service fee equal to 100% of its profit before tax, except that the service fee with respect to Baichuan is no less than 90% of its net profit before tax. The exclusive technology and consulting service agreements remain effective until the dissolution of either Bona New World or the VIEs.
Equity pledge agreements
The shareholders of the VIEs pledged all of their respective equity interests (except for the 10% of the outstanding equity interest of Baichuan, which was acquired by Bona Film in December 2010 from an unaffiliated third party) in the VIEs to Bona New World under equity pledge agreements to secure their obligation under their respective exclusive technology and consulting service agreement with Bona New World. If the VIEs breach its contractual obligations under that agreement, Bona New World, as the pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to sell the pledged equity interests. The nominee shareholders of the VIEs agree that, without prior written consent of Bona New World, they will not dispose of the pledged equity interests or create or allow any encumbrance on the pledged equity interests that would prejudice Bona New World's interest. During the term of the equity pledge agreement, Bona New World is entitled to receive all income in cash or otherwise generated from the pledged equity interests, such as all dividends paid on the pledged equity interests. The equity pledge agreements remain effective until the VIEs are no longer liable under the exclusive technology and consulting service agreements.
F-13
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued
• Agreements that provide Bona New World with effective control
Voting trust and equity purchase option agreements
The shareholders of the VIEs also entered into voting trust and equity purchase option agreements with Bona New World under which their voting rights and rights to appoint all directors and senior management personnel have been transferred to Bona New World. In addition, when permitted by PRC laws each of them granted to Bona New World or its designee irrevocable options to purchase all of their respective equity interests in the VIEs at the lowest price permitted under applicable PRC laws. The voting trust and equity purchase option agreements remain effective until the termination of the corresponding exclusive technology and consulting service agreements.
Loan agreement
In 2011, Bona New World entered into a loan agreement with the Group's CEO, Mr. Dong Yu, to provide an interest-free loan of RMB 10 million solely for the purpose of increasing capital contributions to Bona Film. The loan has a term of 10 years and may be extended upon mutual written consent of the parties. Any proceeds generated from the transfer of equity interests held by Mr. Dong Yu in Bona Film to the Group shall be used to repay the loan and the loan can only be repaid using such proceeds. The loan agreement contains a number of covenants that restrict the actions that Mr. Dong Yu may take or cause the Bona Film to take. For example, Mr. Dong Yu (i) shall not transfer, sell, mortgage, dispose of, or encumber his equity interest in Bona Film except in accordance with the Equity Pledge Agreement discussed above, (ii) without Bona New World's prior written consent, shall not take actions or omissions that may have a material impact on the assets, business and liabilities of Bona Film, (iii) shall cause the shareholders' meeting and/or the board of directors of Bona Film not to approve the merger or consolidation of Bona Film with any person, or any acquisition or investment in any person, without Bona New World's prior written consent, and (iv) shall appoint any director candidates nominated by Bona New World.
As a result of these contractual arrangements, Bona New World has (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIEs' economic performance and (2) the right to receive economic benefits from the VIEs, and accordingly, the Company has consolidated the financial results of the VIEs and its subsidiaries in the consolidated financial statements for all the periods presented.
In concluding that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, the Company believes that voting trust is valid, binding and enforceable under existing PRC laws and regulations and enable the Company, through Bona New World, to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval for the VIEs. In addition, the Company believes that the equity purchase option right provides the Company, through Bona New World, with a substantive kick-out right. More specifically, the terms of the equity purchase option is exercisable and enforceable under current PRC laws and regulations, and the minimum amount of consideration permitted by the applicable PRC laws to exercise such purchase option does not represent a financial
F-14
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued
barrier or disincentive for the Company, through Bona New World, to exercise such purchase option. The Company's rights under the voting trust and equity purchase option agreements provide the Company with control over the shareholders of the VIEs and thus provide the Company with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact on the VIEs' economic performance.
Corporate reorganization
At the time that the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Bona New World, entered into below series of contractual arrangements with the Company's VIEs, the Company was controlled (and had been since incorporation) by Mr. Dong Yu who held 93.5% of the issued equity. Immediately before entering into the contractual arrangements, the VIEs were also controlled by Mr. Dong Yu. This was therefore a transaction between entities under common control. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared as if the Company had been in existence and was the primary beneficiary of the VIEs throughout the periods presented.
Cinema Popular
In October 2008, Bona Entertainment entered an agreement with Hurry Up Limited, a Hong Kong based company engaged in film production, to set up Cinema Popular Limited ("Cinema Popular") in Hong Kong to invest in films and hold copyright of films (the "Joint-venture Agreement"). Bona Entertainment and Hurry Up Limited each own 50% of the equity interest in Cinema Popular.
Through its control of the board of directors of Cinema Popular, Bona Entertainment controls Cinema Popular. As Bona Entertainment controls Cinema Popular and absorbs all of the expected losses of Cinema Popular, Bona Entertainment is the primary beneficiary of Cinema Popular and therefore has consolidated Cinema Popular.
Risks in relation to the VIEs' structure
The Company believes that Bona New World's contractual arrangements with the VIEs and its shareholders are in compliance with existing PRC laws and regulations and are valid, binding and enforceable and will not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect. The shareholders of the VIEs are also shareholders of the Company, therefore have no current interest in seeking to act contrary to the contractual arrangements. However, substantial uncertainties exist regarding the interpretation of current and future PRC laws or regulations and the PRC regulations authorities may take a contrary view. If the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws or regulations, the regulations authorities may exercise their discretion and:
- 1)
- revoke the business licenses or other licenses or permits of the Group;
- 2)
- discontinue or restrict the conduct of any transactions within the Group;
F-15
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued
- 3)
- impose fines, confiscating the income of the VIEs or the income, confiscating films or equipment, or imposing other requirements with which the Group may not be able to comply; or
- 4)
- require the Group to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations;
- 5)
- restrict or prohibit the Company's use of the proceeds of IPO to finance the business and operations in China.
The imposition of any of these penalties may result in a material adverse effect on the Group's ability to conduct its business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these penalties causes the Group to lose the rights to direct the activities of the VIEs and their subsidiaries or the right to receive their economic benefits, the Group would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of the VIEs.
The Company's ability to control the VIEs depends on the right Bona New World has under the voting trust and equity purchase option agreements to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIEs. As noted above, the Group believes this power of attorney is valid, building and enforceable under existing PRC laws and regulations but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership.
In addition, Mr. Yu is the major nominee shareholder of Bona Film, and is also a beneficial owner of the Company. The interests of Mr. Yu as the major nominee shareholder of Bona Film may differ from the interests of the Company as a whole, the Company cannot assure that when conflicts of interest arise, Mr. Yu will act in the best interests of the Company or that conflicts of interests will be resolved in the Company's favor. Currently, the Company does not have existing arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest Mr. Yu may encounter in his capacity as the major nominee shareholder of Bona Film, on the one hand, and as a beneficial owner and director of the Company, on the other hand. The Company believes Mr. Yu will not act contrary to any of the contractual arrangements and the exclusive option agreement provides the Company with a mechanism to remove Mr. Yu as the major nominee shareholder of Bona Film should he act to the detriment of the Company. The Company relies on Mr. Yu, as a director and executive officer of the Company, to fulfill his fiduciary duties and abide by laws of the PRC and Cayman Islands and act in the best interest of the Company. If the Company cannot resolve any conflicts of interest or disputes between the Company and Mr. Yu, the Company would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of its business, and there is substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.
F-16
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES – continued
The following consolidated information of the VIEs and their subsidiaries was included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements with intercompany balance eliminated:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 5,919,594 | | | 14,691,945 | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | 40,710,735 | | | 37,626,422 | |
Prepaid expense and other current assets | | | 11,454,369 | | | 14,626,701 | |
Total current assets | | | 59,616,184 | | | 73,351,336 | |
Distribution rights | | | 1,609,455 | | | 491,723 | |
Production costs | | | 44,264,090 | | | 53,248,207 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 40,100,479 | | | 60,147,104 | |
Total non-current assets | | | 96,409,193 | | | 150,879,449 | |
Total assets | | | 156,025,377 | | | 224,230,785 | |
| | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 76,539,817 | | | 92,841,657 | |
Total non-current liabilities | | | 413,219 | | | 8,279,476 | |
| | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 76,953,036 | | | 101,121,133 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Net revenue | | | 44,326,027 | | | 116,911,572 | | | 132,455,191 | |
| | | | | | | |
Net income | | | 11,210,654 | | | 18,046,991 | | | 5,358,332 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | | (17,350,381 | ) | | 33,427,159 | | | 17,747,686 | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (3,245,910 | ) | | (17,137,921 | ) | | (22,238,836 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 19,006,317 | | | (12,406,973 | ) | | 13,263,501 | |
| | | | | | | |
There are no consolidated VIEs' assets that are collateral for the VIE's obligations and can only be used to settle the VIEs' obligations. There are no creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the VIEs that have recourse to the general credit of the Company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries. There are no terms in any arrangements, considering both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, which require the Company or its subsidiaries to provide financial support to the VIEs. However, if the VIEs ever need financial support, the Company or its subsidiaries may, at its option and subject to statutory limits and restrictions, provide financial support to its VIEs through loans to the shareholder of the VIEs or entrustment loans to the VIEs.
F-17
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
- a.
- Basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP").
- b.
- Principles of consolidation
The Group's consolidated financial statements included the financial statements of Bona Film Group Limited, its subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances were eliminated in consolidation.
- c.
- Use of estimate
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and revenue and expenses in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group's consolidated financial statements include fair value of the Company's ordinary shares, impairment of property and equipment and intangible assets, impairment of goodwill, impairment of distribution rights and production costs, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, film participation financing liabilities, film participation expense, amortization of distribution rights and production costs, share-based compensation, and purchase price allocation for business acquisition.
- d.
- Lease accounting
The Group evaluates each lease for classification as either a capital lease or an operating lease. The Group assesses a lease to be a capital lease if substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership have been transferred to the lessee at its inception. The Group performs this evaluation at the inception of the lease and when a modification is made to a lease. If the lease agreement calls for a scheduled rent increase during the lease term, the Group recognizes the lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term as deferred lease expense. The Group determines the straight-line rent expense impact of an operating lease upon inception of the lease. In leases containing both scheduled rent increases and contingent rents on the box office sales, only the fixed component of the lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rents are expensed or accrued in the period when the box office sales are recognized.
- e.
- Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, or have original maturities of three months or less when purchased.
- f.
- Term deposits
Term deposits consist of deposits placed with financial institutions with original maturity terms of greater than three months but less than one year.
F-18
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
- g.
- Restricted cash
Restricted cash is related to the box office receipts from certain films deposited in specific accounts required by the banks as guarantees for short-term loans with the banks.
- h.
- Distribution rights
Distribution rights include the unamortized costs of films for which the Group has acquired distribution rights, including completed films and films in production. In certain cases, the Group also shares the net profit of the film with the producers but does not receive any proportionate interest in the copyright of the film.
Costs of acquiring film distribution rights are amortized using the individual-film-forecast method, whereby these costs are amortized in the proportion that current year's revenue bears to management's current estimate of ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from the exhibition or sub-licensing of the films.
Film ultimate revenues include estimates of revenues from all markets and territories, including revenues associated with theatrical release of the film, revenues associated with home video sales, licensing sales to broadcast or cable networks. Film ultimate revenues forecasts include estimates over a period not to exceed ten years following the date of the film's initial release. Estimated ultimate revenues are revised at least annually.
- i.
- Production costs
Production costs include expenditures for the production and acquisition of proportional copyright of films by the Group. The production costs are stated at the lower of cost less accumulated amortization, or fair value. Production costs include costs of productions and acquired proportional copyright of films which have been completed and costs of productions which are still in production. For films completed and on release, the related capitalized costs are amortized using the individual-film-forecast method, whereby these costs are amortized in the proportion that current year's revenue bears to management's current estimate of ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from the exhibition or licensing of the films.
Most of the Group's bank borrowing and other borrowings are dedicated to fund the production of its films. Capitalization of interest costs commences when a film is set for production and ends when a film is substantially complete and ready for distribution. The interest eligible for capitalization includes interest expense on bank borrowing and other borrowing.
The Group enters into arrangements with third parties to jointly finance the production of some of its films and the Group distributes the film. The Group and the investors co-own the copyright and share the profit or loss of the film. The form of the arrangement is the sale of an economic interest in a film to an investor. The Group records the amount received from the investor as a reduction of its capitalized film costs, as the investor assumes full risk for that portion of the film asset acquired in these transactions.
F-19
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
- j.
- Impairment of distribution rights and production costs
The Group reviews the distribution rights and production costs for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the distribution rights and production costs may be impaired. The valuation of distribution rights and production costs is reviewed on a title-by-title basis. The excess of the carrying value above the fair value is written off and the amount is classified as costs of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company bases these fair value measurements on unobservable inputs derived from the Company's assumptions about how market participants would price the asset. Due to the nature of these assets, market data for similar assets is not available. Key assumptions used in such fair value measurements include: (1) the discount rate applied to future cash flow streams, which is based on a risk-free rate plus a risk premium representing the risk associated with the type of property being exploited and (2) the number of years over which the Company estimates future net cash flows. The Company considers the sensitivity of these inputs in assessing its assumptions. Additionally, on occasion, the Company may change the creative direction of, or abandon, one or more of the Company's films after being placed into production. As a result, amounts previously capitalized as production costs may be expensed. The Group will not subsequently restore any amounts written off in previous fiscal years.
- k.
- Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:
| | |
Film projection equipment | | 15 years |
Furniture and office equipment | | 5 years |
Transportation equipment | | 5 years |
Leasehold improvements | | lesser of original lease term or |
| | estimated useful life |
- l.
- Acquired intangible assets with definite lives
Acquired identifiable intangible assets with definite lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets is computed based on the straight-line method over the following estimated weighted average useful lives, which are as follows:
| | | | |
Membership | | | 1.8 years | |
Favorable lease | | | 1-4.5 years | |
- m.
- Acquired intangible assets with indefinite lives
If an acquired intangible asset is determined to have an indefinite life, it should not be amortized until its useful life is determined to be no longer indefinite. An intangible asset that is not subject to amortization is evaluated annually or more frequently if event and circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. Such impairment test consists of comparing the fair values of assets with their carrying
F-20
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
value amounts and an impairment loss is recognized if and when the carrying amounts exceed the fair values. The estimates of fair values of intangible assets not subject to amortization are determined using discounted cash flow method. Significant assumptions are inherent in this process, including estimates of discount rates. Intangible assets with indefinite life represent movie theater licenses acquired through business acquisition of 10 movie theaters.
- n.
- Impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets with definite life other than distribution rights and production costs
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets, other than distribution rights and production costs, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization. The Group evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets, with determinable useful lives, other than distribution rights and production costs, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a long-lived asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Group measures the carrying amount of long-lived asset against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Impairment exists when the sum of the expected future net cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated. Impairment loss is calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is estimated based on various valuation techniques, including the discounted value of estimated future cash flows. The evaluation of asset impairment requires the Group to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts.
- o.
- Cost method investments
For investment in an investee over which the Group does not have a significant influence, the Group carries the investment at cost and recognizes as income dividends received that are distributed from net accumulated earnings of the investee since the date of acquisition by the investor. The Group reviews the cost method investment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized when the decrease in fair value of the investment is other than temporary, for the amount equal to the difference between the investment's carrying amount and its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. The fair value of the investment would then become the new cost basis of the investment.
- p.
- Equity method investments
A company that is not consolidated, but over which the Group exercises significant influence, is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Whether or not the Group exercises significant influence with respect to an affiliate depends on an evaluation of several factors including, among others, representation on the affiliated company's board of directors, impact of commercial arrangements, and ownership level, which is generally a 20% to 50% interest in the voting securities of the affiliated company. Under the equity method of accounting, the affiliated company's accounts are not reflected within the Group's consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations; however,
F-21
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
the Group's share of the earnings or losses of the affiliated company is reflected in the caption "Equity in (loss) earnings of affiliated companies" in the consolidated statements of operations.
When the Group's carrying value in an equity method affiliated company is reduced to zero, no further losses are recorded in the Group's consolidated financial statements unless the Group guaranteed obligations of the affiliated company or has committed additional funding. When the affiliated company subsequently reports income, the Group will not record its share of such income until it equals the amount of its share of losses not previously recognized.
An impairment charge is recorded when the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than-temporary.
- q.
- Goodwill
The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated annually or more frequently if event and circumstances indicate that they might be impaired.
When evaluating the goodwill impairment, the Group first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is "more likely than not" that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test.
If the Group assesses that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Group will perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step compares the fair values of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of a reporting unit's goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized for any excess in the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill.
- r.
- Film production financing
To fund production of its films, the Group obtains financing through bank borrowings, and a variety of arrangements with other investors which are described below.
Other borrowings
If the Group guarantees the third party provider of financing a fixed rate of return on the principal over a fixed term of period, the cash received from these investors is classified on the balance sheet as other borrowings. The Group accrues interest expense on other borrowings using the fixed rate of return.
F-22
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
Film participation financing liabilities
For other financing, where the Group gives the third party provider of finance a fixed percentage of the film's worldwide net income, or a fixed percentage of the film's worldwide net income with guarantee of minimum rate of return on the principal, the cash received from these investors is accounted for as film participation financing liabilities, as the Group retains copyrights of the films and the arrangements do not involve sale of a proportionate undivided interest in the copyright to the third party participants.
Under those arrangements where the participant is entitled to a share of the respective film worldwide net income, the Group records the participant's share of net income in film participation expense based on an effective interest rate method on an individual film-by-film basis. The Group starts to accrue for participation expense from the initial exhibition of the film. The effective interest rate is calculated based on the initial investments by the third party participants and a series of future cash outflows to the participants estimated by the Group using the same estimates of revenue determined in using the individual-film-forecast method as discussed above under amortization of its own production costs. The rate is then applied to the outstanding film participation financing liabilities balance specific to the film to determine the current period's film participation expense related to that film.
If a film underperforms, the final redemption amount is estimated to be lower than the amount originally invested by third party participants. A negative effective interest rate is calculated and applied to the outstanding film participation financing liabilities balance to determine the current period's reduction of film participation expense.
Under those arrangements where the participant is entitled to a share of the respective film worldwide net income with guarantee of a minimum rate of return on the principal, if at any point of time, the management determines that the accrued film participation financing liability is not sufficient to cover the guaranteed minimum rate, an additional liability will be accrued based on the guaranteed minimum rate of return.
Film participation financing liabilities that are expected to be paid in one year after the period end are classified as current liabilities. The remaining film participation financing liabilities are classified as non-current liabilities.
- s.
- Revenue recognition
The Group recognizes film-related revenues from the arrangements described as follows:
Film Distribution revenues
The Group acquires film distribution rights as the principal or a participating distributor in mainland China and overseas from film producers.
As the principal distributor, the Group recognizes distribution revenues when the films are exhibited in movie theaters. After the payments by the movie theaters of taxes and other governmental charges and deductions by movie theaters and theater circuits of their respective shares of the box
F-23
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
office sales, the remaining amount (the "Distributable Amount") is remitted to the Group which the Group accounts for as its distribution revenues.
The Group then shares the Distributable Amount with the film producer pursuant to the terms of the distribution agreement under which the Group is typically entitled to a fixed percentage of the Distributable Amount as its fees (the "Distribution Fees"). The Distributable Amount, after further deductions of the Distribution Fees and print and marketing expenses, except in rare cases where not reimbursable by the producer, is paid or payable to the producer and is accounted for as a cost of distribution revenues.
The Group also generates revenues from advertising services such as "in-film" advertising, pre-screening advertising, selling poster space and promotions of films. Revenues from advertising services are recognized as advertisement is shown or upon services provided. Cost of advertising services primarily consists of the cost of acquiring advertising airtime.
The Group also cooperates with other distributors to distribute films as a participating distributor but is not the primary obligor under the distribution arrangement and shares a fixed percentage of the distribution fees received by the principal distributor as the Group's commissions pursuant to its arrangement with the principal distributor. The Group records these commissions as its distribution revenues.
For certain films the distribution rights of which are acquired by the Group, the Group sub-licenses such rights to international third party distributors and domestic and international non-theatrical channels including television and Internet companies for a particular term. Revenues from such sub-licensing arrangements are recognized when the following criteria are met: (i) an arrangement has been signed with a customer, (ii) the customer's right to use or otherwise exploit the intellectual property has commenced and there is no requirement for significant continued performance by the Group, (iii) licensing fees are either fixed or determinable and (iv) collectability of the fee is reasonably assured.
Copyright and participation revenues
When the Group is not the principal distributor, but participates in the financing of film production in which the Group may also acquire all, a portion or none of the legal copyright in relation to the film, and bears a portion of the costs of financing, production, prints, promotion and advertising pursuant to the terms of the agreement for the production of the film, it generates revenues from such film production participation as follows:
- (a)
- Where the Group is entitled to receive a certain percentage of the net profit of the film, it periodically receives a report from the film producer about the net profit or loss of the film. The Group records its share of the net profit of the film into revenue according to the report.
- (b)
- In the case of licensing the Group's copyrights to international third party distributors and to other domestic and international non-theatrical channels, including television and Internet companies, for a particular term, the Group recognizes copyright revenues when the following criteria are met: (i) an arrangement has been signed with a customer, (ii) the customer's right
F-24
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
Talent agency revenues
The Group also acts as a talent agent for certain artists, where in certain cases the Group signs the service contract with the third party and in other cases, the Group and the artist together sign the service contract with the third party.
Where the Group signs the service contract with third parties and is the primary obligor, the Group reports the gross amount of the service as revenue. Where the Group and the artist together sign the contract with a third party, the Group reports revenue at the total service amount net of the payment to the artist. For arrangements where the Group records the gross amount as its revenue, cost of talent agency service primarily consists of compensation paid to artists.
Movie theater revenues
Revenues are recognized when admissions and concession sales are received at the box office. Other revenues primarily consist of screen advertising. Screen advertising revenues are recognized over the period that the related advertising is delivered on-screen or in-theatre. The Group records proceeds from the sale of prepaid membership cards and other prepaid certificates in deferred revenues and recognizes admissions revenue and concession revenue when the card or certificate is consumed. The Group recognizes unredeemed prepaid certificates as revenue upon expiration of the membership cards or certificates.
- t.
- Advertising and marketing expenses
The costs of printing, advertising and marketing related to the exploitation of feature films are expensed as incurred by the Company.
- u.
- Business tax and film industry development fund levy
From 2004 to 2012, Baichuan and Zhejiang Bona's share of movie theaters' box office revenues in the PRC are exempted from business tax. The Group's other PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries are subject to business taxes at the rate of 3.3%-5.5% on certain types of services and the related revenues are presented net of business taxes incurred. Business taxes deducted in arriving net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 totaled $1,012,573, $2,076,930 and $3,552,059, respectively.
In addition, movie theater revenues is subject to mandatory contribution to film industry development fund levied at the rate of 5% on box office receipts and the related revenues are presented net of mandatory contribution to film industry fund incurred. Film industry development fund deducted in arriving net revenue during 2010, 2011 and 2012 totaled $533,209, $1,230,836 and $1,995,813, respectively.
F-25
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
- v.
- Income taxes
Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. Deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for tax credits and net operating losses available for carry-forwards and significant temporary differences. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current based upon the classification of the related asset or liability in the financial statements or the expected timing of their reversal if they do not relate to a specific asset or liability. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion of, or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Group as enacted by the relevant tax authorities.
The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Interest and penalties on income taxes will be classified as a component of the provisions for income taxes. The Group did not recognize any income tax due to uncertain tax position or incur any interest and penalties related to potential underpaid income tax expenses for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 or 2012, respectively.
- w.
- Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income includes net income and foreign currency translation adjustments. Beginning on January 1, 2012, the Group presents the components of net income, the components of other comprehensive income and total comprehensive income in two separate but consecutive statements approach. The consolidated financial statements for prior periods have been adjusted for the retrospective application of the authoritative guidance regarding presentation of comprehensive income.
- x.
- Foreign currency translation
The functional currency of the Company is the United States dollar ("U.S. dollars"). The financial records of the Group's subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC and Hong Kong are maintained in their local currencies, the Renminbi ("RMB"), and Hong Kong Dollar ("HK$"), respectively, which are also the functional currencies of these entities.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.
The Group's entities with functional currency of RMB and HK$ translate their operating results and financial position into the U.S. dollar, the Company's reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the year. Translation adjustments are reported as
F-26
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income.
- z.
- Foreign currency risk
RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the People's Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. The cash and cash equivalents, term deposits and restricted cash of the Group included aggregate amounts of $7,624,166 and $19,508,508, which were denominated in RMB, at December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively, representing 25% and 70% of the cash and cash equivalents, term deposits and restricted cash at December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
- aa.
- Share-based payments
Share-based payment transactions with employees, such as share options are measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity instrument. The Group recognizes the compensation costs net of an estimated forfeiture rate using the straight-line method, over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The estimate of forfeitures will be adjusted over the requisite service period to the extent that actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from such estimates. Changes in estimated forfeitures will be recognized through a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period of change and will also impact the amount of stock compensation expense to be recognized in future periods.
Share-based payments issued to non-employees, such as advisors, are measured at fair value at the earlier of the commitment date or the date the service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided.
- bb.
- Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Group places its cash and cash equivalents and term deposits with financial institutions located in the PRC and Hong Kong.
The Group conducts credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral or other security from them. The Group establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts primarily based upon the age of the receivables and factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers. Information relating to the Group's major customers is summarized in Note 25.
- cc.
- Net income (loss) per share
Basic net income (loss) per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised or converted into ordinary shares.
F-27
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
The Group had share options, which could potentially dilute basic earnings per share. To calculate the number of shares for diluted income per share the effect of the stock options is computed using the treasury stock method.
- dd.
- Fair value
Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.
Authoritative literature provides a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:
- •
- Level 1—inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
- •
- Level 2—inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based calculation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
- •
- Level 3—inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management's estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, is counted cash flow models, and similar techniques.
- ee.
- Fair value of financial instruments
Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, term deposit, restricted cash, accounts receivable, cost method investment, equity method investment, accounts payable, amounts due from/to related parties, bank borrowings, other borrowings and film participation financing liabilities.
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, term deposit, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and amounts due from/to related parties approximate their fair values due to short-term maturities. The fair value of bank borrowings, other borrowings and film participation financing liabilities approximates their carrying value. Estimates of fair values of cost and equity method investments other than those subjected to other than temporary impairment are not readily available.
F-28
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
- ff.
- Business combinations
Business combinations are recorded using the acquisition method of accounting. Acquisition costs are allocated to the assets and liabilities the Group acquired based on their fair values with goodwill being the excess value over the net identifiable assets acquired.
The assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest of the acquiree at the acquisition date, if any, are measured at their fair values as of that date. Goodwill is recognized and measured as the excess of the total consideration transferred plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests of the acquiree, if any, at the acquisition date over the fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired.
Common forms of the consideration made in acquisitions include cash and common equity instruments. Consideration transferred in a business acquisition is measured at the fair value as at the date of acquisition. For shares issued in a business combination, the Company has estimated the fair value as of the date of acquisition.
Where the consideration in an acquisition includes contingent consideration the payment of which depends on the achievement of certain specified conditions post-acquisition, the contingent consideration is recognized and measured at its fair value at the acquisition date and if recorded as a liability it is subsequently carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in earnings.
- gg.
- Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
In May 2011, the FASB issued an authoritative pronouncement on fair value measurement. The guidance is the result of joint efforts by the FASB and IASB to develop a single, converged fair value framework. The guidance is largely consistent with existing fair value measurement principles in U.S. GAAP. The guidance expands the existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and makes other amendments, mainly including:
- •
- Highest-and-best-use and valuation-premise concepts for nonfinancial assets—the guidance indicates that the highest-and-best-use and valuation-premise concepts only apply to measuring the fair value of nonfinancial assets.
- •
- Application to financial assets and financial liabilities with offsetting positions in market risks or counterparty credit risk—the guidance permits an exception to fair value measurement principles for financial assets and financial liabilities (and derivatives) with offsetting positions in market risks or counterparty credit risk when several criteria are met. When the criteria are met, an entity can measure the fair value of the net risk position.
- •
- Premiums or discounts in fair value measure—the guidance states that "premiums or discounts that reflect size as a characteristic of the reporting entity's holding (specifically, a blockage factor that adjusts the quoted price of an asset or a liability because the market's normal daily trading volume is not sufficient to absorb the quantity held by the entity) rather than as a characteristic of the asset or liability (for example, a control premium when measuring the fair value of a controlling interest) are not permitted in a fair value measurement."
F-29
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
- •
- Fair value of an instrument classified in a reporting entity's shareholders' equity—the guidance prescribes a model for measuring the fair value of an instrument classified in shareholders' equity; this model is consistent with the guidance on measuring the fair value of liabilities.
- •
- Disclosures about fair value measurements—the guidance expands disclosure requirements, particularly for Level 3 inputs. Required disclosures include:
- (i)
- For fair value measurements categorized in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy: (1) a quantitative disclosure of the unobservable inputs and assumptions used in the measurement, (2) a description of the valuation process in place (e.g., how the entity decides its valuation policies and procedures, as well as changes in its analyses of fair value measurements, from period to period), and (3) a narrative description of the sensitivity of the fair value to changes in unobservable inputs and interrelationships between those inputs.
- (ii)
- The level in the fair value hierarchy of items that are not measured at fair value in the statement of financial position but whose fair value must be disclosed.
The guidance is to be applied prospectively and effectively for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011, for public entities. Early application by public entities is not permitted. The Group adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2012, which did not have a significant effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued an authoritative pronouncement to allow an entity the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In both choices, an entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. The guidance eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in shareholders' equity. These amendments do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. The guidance should be applied retrospectively. For public entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption is permitted. In December 2011, the FASB issued a further authoritative pronouncement, Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassification of Items out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Under the amendments, entities are required to present reclassification adjustments and the effect of those reclassification adjustments on the face of the financial statements where net income is presented, by component of net income, and on the face of the financial statements where other comprehensive income is presented, by component of other comprehensive income. In addition, the amendments require that reclassification adjustments be presented in interim financial periods. The amendments supersede changes to those paragraphs that pertain to how, when, and where reclassification adjustments are presented. The amendments in this Update are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The Group adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2012, and presented comprehensive income in two separate but consecutive statements.
F-30
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
In September 2011, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to testing goodwill for impairment. The guidance is intended to simplify how entities, both public and nonpublic, test goodwill for impairment. The pronouncement permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is "more likely than not" that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The guidance is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption is permitted. The Group adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2012, which did not have a significant effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
- gh.
- Recently accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In July 2012, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to testing indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, for impairment. Under the pronouncement, entities testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment would have the option of performing a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the asset. If an entity determines, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is not more likely than not impaired, a quantitative fair value calculation would not be needed. The amendments are effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012. The Group will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2013 which is not expected to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
In October 2012, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to impairment analysis of unamortized film costs. The amendments in this ASU eliminate the rebuttable presumption that the conditions leading to the write off of unamortized film costs after the balance sheet date existed as of the balance sheet date. The amendments also eliminate the requirement that an entity incorporate into fair value measurements used in the impairment tests the effects of any changes in estimates resulting from the consideration of subsequent evidence if the information would not have been considered by market participants at the measurement date. For SEC filers, the amendments are effective for impairment assessments performed on or after December 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted. The Group will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2013 which is not expected to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
In February 2013, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to reporting of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, to improve the transparency of reporting these reclassifications. Other comprehensive income includes gains and losses that are initially excluded from net income for an accounting period. Those gains and losses are later reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into net income. The amendments in this ASU do not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements. All of the information that this ASU requires already is required to be disclosed elsewhere in the financial statements under U.S. GAAP.
The new amendments will require an organization to:
- •
- Present (either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes) the effects on the line items of net income of significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated
F-31
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
The amendments are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The Group will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2013 which is not expected to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
In March 2013, the FASB has issued an authoritative pronouncement related to parent's accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment upon derecognition of certain subsidiaries or groups of assets within a foreign entity or of an investment in a foreign entity. When a reporting entity (parent) ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business (other than a sale of in substance real estate or conveyance of oil and gas mineral rights) within a foreign entity, the parent is required to release any related cumulative translation adjustment into net income. Accordingly, the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income only if the sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity in which the subsidiary or group of assets had resided.
For an equity method investment that is a foreign entity, the partial sale guidance still applies. As such, a pro rata portion of the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income upon a partial sale of such an equity method investment. However, this treatment does not apply to an equity method investment that is not a foreign entity. In those instances, the cumulative translation adjustment is released into net income only if the partial sale represents a complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity that contains the equity method investment.
Additionally, the amendments in this pronouncement clarify that the sale of an investment in a foreign entity includes both: (1) events that result in the loss of a controlling financial interest in a foreign entity (i.e., irrespective of any retained investment); and (2) events that result in an acquirer obtaining control of an acquiree in which it held an equity interest immediately before the acquisition date (sometimes also referred to as a step acquisition). Accordingly, the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income upon the occurrence of those events. The amendments in this pronouncement are effective prospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2013. The amendments should be applied prospectively to derecognition events occurring after the effective date. Prior periods should not be adjusted. The Group will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2014 which is not expected to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
F-32
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. ACQUISITION
- (a)
- Acquisition of Beijing Bona Cineplex
On April 23, 2010, the Group, through Bona Film and Culture, acquired Beijing Bona International Cineplex Investment & Management Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Bona Cineplex"), a PRC based company which holds three subsidiaries and focuses on cineplex business in the PRC. Beijing Bona Cineplex holds 60% of the equity of one of the subsidiaries, Shanghai Bona Yinxing Cinema Development Co., Ltd., and 100% of the equity of the other two subsidiaries. At the same time, the Group acquired Beijing Bona Youtang Cineplex Management Co., Ltd. ("Bona Youtang"), which also focuses on cineplex business in the PRC. Both Beijing Bona Cineplex and Bona Youtang were owned by Skillgreat Limited, which is 100% owned by the Group's primary shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu. The total consideration comprised of 5,810,320 ordinary shares of the Company with a fair value of $4.50 per share as of the acquisition date, which were issued to Skillgreat Limited in 2010 and cash of $5,337,243 which was settled as an offset against the amount that the Company was owed by Mr. Dong Yu. The acquisition-related transaction costs of $20,000 were expensed as general and administrative expenses when incurred.
The fair value of the Company's ordinary shares as of the date of acquisition was estimated by management with the assistance of American Appraisal China Limited, an independent valuer. The discounted cash flow method of the income approach was used to assess the fair value of the Company's ordinary shares as of the date of acquisition. The determination of the fair value of the Company's ordinary shares requires complex and subjective judgments to be made regarding the Company's projected financial and operating results, unique business risks, the liquidity of the ordinary shares, and operating history and prospects at the time of valuation.
The major assumptions used in calculating the fair value of ordinary shares as of the date of acquisition of $4.50 per ordinary share included:
| | | | |
Weighted average cost of capital, or WACC | | | 22% | |
Discount for lack of marketability, or DLOM | | | 16% | |
The income approach involves applying appropriate discount rates to estimated cash flows that are based on earnings forecasts. The assumptions used in deriving the fair values are consistent with the Company's business plan. These assumptions include: no material changes in the existing political, legal and economic conditions in China; the Company's ability to retain competent management, key personnel and staff to support its ongoing operations; and no material deviation in market conditions from economic forecasts. These assumptions are inherently uncertain. The risk associated with achieving the Company's forecasts were assessed in selecting the appropriate discount rates.
The acquisitions were completed in April 2010 and the results of Beijing Bona Cineplex and Bona Youtang have been included in the Group's consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. A net revenue of $11,333,193 and a net income of $388,985 generated by the acquired movie theaters after the acquisition date were included in the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010.
The Group has accounted for these transactions as an acquisition and not as a reorganization of entities under common control. Pursuant to the Company's articles of association, the following matters
F-33
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. ACQUISITION – continued
among others need to be approved by the Series A preferred shareholders: (1) the adoption of the annual budget of any of the Company's subsidiaries or affiliated entities; (2) the appointment or removal or settlement of the terms of appointment of any senior manager (including any chief financial officer, chief operating officer or chief technology officer) of any of the Company's subsidiaries or affiliated entities; (3) approval, or making adjustment or modifications to the terms of transactions involving the interest of any director, shareholder or related party any of the Company's subsidiaries or affiliated entities, including but not limited to the making of any loans or advances, whether directly or indirectly, or the provision of any guarantee, indemnity or security for or in connection with any indebtedness of liabilities of any director or shareholder of any of the Company's subsidiaries or affiliated entities. In July 2009, upon the issuance of Series B preferred shares, the Series B shareholders had the same rights. These rights allow the noncontrolling shareholders to participate in decisions that relate to the ordinary course of the Company's business and prevent the majority ordinary shareholder, Mr. Yu, from exercising control over the Company's operating and financial policy decisions. As a consequence, Mr. Dong Yu lost control of the Company upon the issuance of Series A preferred shares in July 2007.
| | | | |
Total purchase price: | | | | |
Cash consideration | | | 5,337,243 | |
Fair value of shares issued | | | 26,123,194 | |
| | | |
| | | 31,460,437 | |
| | | |
| | | | | |
| |
| | Estimated useful life |
---|
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,483,252 | | |
Inventory | | | 93,832 | | |
Current liabilities | | | (10,661,554 | ) | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 12,714,866 | | |
6 movie theater licenses | | | 1,911,290 | | Indefinite |
Membership | | | 58,651 | | 1.8 years |
Favorable lease | | | 557,185 | | 2 years |
Non-current deferred tax liability | | | (153,959 | ) | |
| | | | |
Total net assets acquired | | | 6,003,563 | | |
Noncontrolling interests | | | (2,071,408 | ) | |
| | | | |
Goodwill | | | 27,528,282 | | |
| | | | |
In the acquisition, the Group determined the fair value and useful life of the intangible assets acquired based on the following:
- (i)
- The movie theater licenses acquired are film exhibition licenses issued by local film administration authorities that allow the Group to exhibit movies. The terms of the film exhibition licenses range from one to three years and are renewable upon inspection of the issuing authority. Since the government has been promoting the gradual liberalization of the
F-34
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. ACQUISITION – continued
film industry, the Group believes local film administration authorities normally grant the licenses to applicants as long as they can fulfill fixed asset investment and other relevant regulatory requirements. Therefore, the Group believes the licenses can be applied for and obtained through reasonable expenditure, without undue cost or time. Based on the above analysis, the Group concluded the cost approach should be applied for the determination of the fair value of the licenses. The cost approach takes into consideration the estimated staff costs, opportunities for fixed asset investment and overhead cost incurred for application of the licenses. The Group estimated the license has an indefinite life because the Group will renew it in the foreseeable future and do not expect that the Group will require substantial costs to renew or extend the licenses' legal life.
- (ii)
- As of the acquisition date, 41,657 individuals were registered as members of Beijing Bona Cineplex and Beijing Youtang and those members can purchase movie tickets at discounted price. The fair value of movie theater memberships was appraised by "excess earning method" which takes into consideration the projected cash flow to be generated from the members. The most significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the approach the Group used to value movie theater membership are the estimated revenues and margin derived from sale of tickets to the members and the discount rate. The resulting cash flow is discounted at a rate approximating the estimated cost of equity of Beijing Bona Cineplex and Beijing Youtang, which reflects a market participant's required rate of return for investing in the subject intangible asset. The terms of the membership range from one to five years with a weighted average of 1.8 years. The useful life of movie theater membership was determined based on the period over which the intangible asset will generate cash flow to the Group in the future.
- (iii)
- The fair value of favorable leases was determined by the incremental cash flow approach, which takes into consideration the projected rental expenses to be saved by virtue of ownership of lease agreements at rates more favorable than market rate. The most significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the approach that the Group used to value the favorable leases were the market rates for renting the premise of those movie theaters and the discount rate. The resulting rental saving was discounted at a rate approximating the estimated cost of equity of Beijing Bona Cineplex and Bona Youtang, which reflected a market participant's required rate of return for investing in the subject intangible asset.
The goodwill is mainly attributable to intangible assets that cannot be recognized separately as identifiable assets under U.S. GAAP, and comprise (a) group of customers (most movie theater customers are walk-in) that are not known or identifiable to Beijing Bona Cineplex and Bona Youtang; (b) presence in geographic market and locations. The acquired goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
- (b)
- Acquisition of Bona Yinglong
On July 28, 2010, to further expand the Group's talent agency business the Group through Bona Film and Culture acquired the remaining 60% equity interest of Beijing Bona Yinglong Culture Agency Company Ltd. ("Bona Yinglong", has been renamed to Beijing Bona Xingyi Culture Agency Company Ltd.) with a total cash consideration of $442,804 (equivalent to RMB3 million) paid in 2010. After the acquisition, it became a 100% consolidated VIE's subsidiary of the Group. A net revenue of
F-35
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. ACQUISITION – continued
nil and a net loss of $1,242 generated by Bona Yinglong after the acquisition date were included in the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010.
The purchase price allocation of the transaction was determined by the Group, and the following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
| | | | |
Total purchase price: | | | | |
Cash consideration | | | 442,804 | |
Fair value of investment in Yinglong | | | 203,130 | |
| | | |
| | | 645,934 | |
| | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 738,014 | |
Other receivable | | | 6,839 | |
Current liabilities | | | (230,309 | ) |
| | | |
Total net assets acquired | | | 514,544 | |
| | | |
Goodwill | | | 131,390 | |
| | | |
- (c)
- Acquisition of 10% equity interest from a noncontrolling interest
On November 22, 2010, the Group acquired the remaining 10% equity interest in Baichuan with a total cash consideration of $762,098 (equivalent to RMB 5,061,400) which resulted in an increase of $683,434 in additional paid-in capital and after the acquisition, it became a 100% consolidated VIE of the Group.
- (d)
- Acquisition of Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight
On July 1, 2011, the Group, through the Company and Beijing Bona Cineplex, acquired Alpha Speed Limited, a BVI company and Bona Starlight, a PRC company which holds five subsidiaries and focuses on cineplex business in the PRC with a total cash consideration of $30,938,201, of which $3,064,993 was settled as an offset against the amount that the Group was owed by Mr. Dong Yu and $2,383,260 was paid in 2012. Prior to the acquisition, Alpha Speed Limited was 51% owned by Skill Great Limited, which is 100% owned by the Group's primary shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu, and Bona Startlight was also 51% owned by the Group's primary shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu. After the acquisition, The Group holds 100% of the equity interest of Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight, which holds 51% of the equity of one of the subsidiaries, Mangguo Cinema, and 100% of the equity of the other four subsidiaries.
The Group has accounted for these transactions as a business acquisition. A net revenue of $5,207,607 and a net loss of $2,286,838 generated by the acquired movie theaters after the acquisition date were included in the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
| | | | |
Total purchase price: | | | | |
Cash consideration | | | 30,938,201 | |
| | | |
F-36
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. ACQUISITION – continued
| | | | | |
| |
| | Estimated useful life |
---|
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,379,343 | | |
Net current liabilities | | | (7,912,067 | ) | |
Construction in Progress | | | 1,831,707 | | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 16,758,400 | | |
4 movie theater licenses | | | 417,666 | | Indefinite |
Favorable lease | | | 1,902,699 | | 1-4.5 years |
Non-current deferred tax liability | | | (475,675 | ) | |
| | | | |
Total net assets acquired | | | 13,902,073 | | |
Noncontrolling interests | | | (1,160,492 | ) | |
| | | | |
Goodwill | | | 18,196,620 | | |
| | | | |
In the acquisition, the Group determined the fair value and useful life of the intangible assets acquired based on the following:
- (i)
- The movie theater licenses acquired are film exhibition licenses issued by local film administration authorities that allow the Group to exhibit movies. The terms of the film exhibition licenses range from one to three years and are renewable upon inspection of the issuing authority. Since the government has been promoting the gradual liberalization of the film industry, the Group believes local film administration authorities normally grant the licenses to applicants as long as they can fulfill fixed asset investment and other relevant regulatory requirements. Therefore, the Group believes the licenses can be applied for and obtained through reasonable expenditure, without undue cost or time. Based on the above analysis, the Group concluded the cost approach should be applied for the determination of the fair value of the licenses. The cost approach takes into consideration the estimated staff costs, opportunities for fixed asset investment and overhead cost incurred for application of the licenses. The Group estimated the license has an indefinite life because the Group will renew it in the foreseeable future and do not expect that the Group will require substantial costs to renew or extend the licenses' legal life.
- (ii)
- The fair value of favorable leases was determined by the incremental cash flow approach, which takes into consideration the projected rental expenses to be saved by virtue of ownership of lease agreements at rates more favorable than market rate. The most significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the approach that the Group used to value the favorable leases were the market rates for renting the premise of those movie theaters and the discount rate. The resulting rental saving was discounted at a rate approximating the estimated cost of equity of Bona Starlight which reflected a market participant's required rate of return for investing in the subject intangible asset.
F-37
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. ACQUISITION – continued
The goodwill is mainly attributable to intangible assets that cannot be recognized separately as identifiable assets under U.S. GAAP, and comprise (a) group of customers (most movie theater customers are walk-in) that are not known or identifiable to Bona Starlight; (b) presence in geographic market and locations. The acquired goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES
Net accounts receivable consists of the following as of December 31, 2011 and 2012:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Accounts receivable | | | 42,340,033 | | | 41,045,413 | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance as of January 1 | | | 22,727 | | | 697,246 | |
Reversal of allowance against profit and loss | | | — | | | (317 | ) |
Additional allowance during the year | | | 673,414 | | | 33,596 | |
Exchange effect | | | 1,105 | | | 7,216 | |
| | | | | |
Less: ending balance of allowance for doubtful accounts | | | 697,246 | | | 737,741 | |
| | | | | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | 41,642,787 | | | 40,307,672 | |
| | | | | |
As the Group generally does not have credit risk in movie theaters box office sales, allowance for doubtful accounts primarily relates to accounts receivable from film licensing revenues, advertising and talent agency services.
5. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following at:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Amounts due from third parties | | | 5,690,605 | | | 4,050,954 | |
Prepaid film costs on behalf of other investors | | | 6,370,486 | | | 7,491,375 | |
Prepaid film costs | | | 1,319,074 | | | 2,844,172 | |
Deposits paid for acquisition of property and equipment | | | 2,478,320 | | | 248,975 | |
Rental deposits and prepaid rental expenses | | | 2,667,121 | | | 3,221,226 | |
Loans and interest receivable from producers of TV series and films | | | 1,811,278 | | | 2,515,208 | |
Promotion and print costs paid on behalf of film producers | | | 2,264,984 | | | 744,561 | |
Advances to employees | | | 849,191 | | | 733,430 | |
Prepaid advertising expenses | | | 1,122,180 | | | 770,760 | |
Prepaid business tax | | | 447,514 | | | 90,468 | |
Interests receivable | | | 171,861 | | | 52,034 | |
Prepayment for an investment | | | 1,200,000 | | | — | |
Deposit for acquisition | | | 317,768 | | | — | |
Other prepaid expenses | | | 624,966 | | | 566,099 | |
| | | | | |
Total | | | 27,335,348 | | | 23,329,262 | |
| | | | | |
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Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
5. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS – continued
Amounts due from third parties represent receivables from third parties for working capitals and expenses the Group paid on behalf of an independent third party. Prepaid film costs on behalf of other investors represent amounts paid for film production which will be reimbursed from other co-investors. Prepaid film costs represent amounts paid to secure the service of individuals to be the directors or actors or actresses of films over the next year. Prepaid film costs will be included in the production cost and amortized on a film-by-film basis upon the completion of related films. Loans and interest receivables from producers of TV series and films represent the Group's investments in TV series and films, which currently have fixed rate of returns. Deposit for acquisition is the deposit paid in November 2010 for acquiring the remaining 10% equity interest in Baichuan from Poly Film Investment Co., Ltd. and was returned in 2012.
6. DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS
| | | | | | | |
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Released: | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance as of January 1 | | | 850,155 | | | 291,043 | |
Addition | | | 1,744,977 | | | 2,985,347 | |
Amortization | | | (2,331,266 | ) | | (2,792,844 | ) |
Exchange difference | | | 27,177 | | | 3,811 | |
| | | | | |
Ending balance as December 31 | | | 291,043 | | | 487,357 | |
In production and not released | | | 3,372,923 | | | 10,919,335 | |
| | | | | |
Total | | | 3,663,966 | | | 11,406,692 | |
| | | | | |
In the year 2012, based on the economic performance and public acceptance of the films, the management decreased the estimate of the ultimate oversea revenue expected to be realized for certain TV series, as a result, the Group incurred additional amortization of $120,223 for the year ended December 31, 2012. The portion of the costs of the completed films that are expected to be amortized during the twelve months after December 31, 2012 is $441,915, and the Group expects to amortize 100% of such costs within three years from December 31, 2012.
The Group evaluates its distribution rights on a title-by-title basis to determine whether the unamortized capitalized costs of any titles have a fair value that is less than its carrying value at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the distribution rights may be impaired. The Group has had no impairment loss recorded on the distribution rights.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
7. PRODUCTION COSTS
| | | | | | | |
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Beginning balance for completed films as of January 1 | | | 7,714,809 | | | 28,825,639 | |
Addition | | | 57,705,841 | | | 49,918,921 | |
Amortization | | | (37,116,065 | ) | | (41,774,480 | ) |
Impairment loss | | | — | | | (2,280,198 | ) |
Exchange difference | | | 521,054 | | | 21,734 | |
| | | | | |
Subtotal for completed films | | | 28,825,639 | | | 34,711,616 | |
| | | | | |
Beginning balance for films in production and not released as of January 1 | | | 57,101,069 | | | 41,019,183 | |
Addition | | | 40,236,802 | | | 64,466,725 | |
Transfer to completed films | | | (57,705,841 | ) | | (49,918,921 | ) |
Exchange difference | | | 1,387,153 | | | 66,806 | |
| | | | | |
Subtotal for films in production and not released | | | 41,019,183 | | | 55,633,793 | |
| | | | | |
Ending balance as December 31 | | | 69,844,822 | | | 90,345,409 | |
| | | | | |
In the year 2012, based on the economic performance and public acceptance of the films, the management decreased the estimate of the ultimate oversea revenue expected to be realized for certain films and TV series. As a result, the Group incurred additional amortization of $3,659,240 for the year ended December 31, 2012. The portion of the costs of the completed films that are expected to be amortized during the twelve months after December 31, 2012 is $18,040,174, and the Group expects to amortize 80% of such costs within three years from December 31, 2012.
The Group evaluates its production costs on a title-by-title basis to determine whether the unamortized capitalized costs of any titles have a fair value that is less than its carrying value at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the production costs may be impaired. No impairment loss was recorded in 2010 and 2011. In 2012, as a result of lower-than-expected revenue performance of certain films and TV series, the Group determined the unamortized production costs were impaired by $2,280,198. Key assumptions used in the fair value measurement were discount rates ranging from 15% to 16% and estimated remaining cash flows over a period of 10 years from a title's initial release. A change in the discount rate of 1.0% would change the impairment loss measurement by $51,349.
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Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
8. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment, net consists of the following at:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Film projection equipment | | | 14,326,138 | | | 24,841,457 | |
Furniture and office equipment | | | 1,153,175 | | | 1,668,538 | |
Transportation equipment | | | 670,068 | | | 761,874 | |
Leasehold improvements | | | 26,015,895 | | | 41,664,495 | |
| | | | | |
| | | 42,165,276 | | | 68,936,364 | |
Less: accumulated depreciation | | | (5,113,981 | ) | | (8,766,890 | ) |
| | | | | |
| | | 37,051,295 | | | 60,169,474 | |
Construction in progress | | | 3,157,152 | | | 39,135 | |
| | | | | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 40,208,447 | | | 60,208,609 | |
| | | | | |
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 was $840,677, $2,032,836 and $3,555,734, respectively.
9. COST METHOD INVESTMENTS
In April 2008, the Group invested $28,565 for 16.67% of equity interest in Wuhan Lianzhong Digital Film Technology Co., Ltd. ("Wuhan Lianzhong"), a company established in the PRC that is mainly engaged in digital film production and distribution. In October 2011, the Group invested $62,909 for 10% of equity interest in Zhongda Helian Marketing Consulting Co., Ltd. ("Zhongda Helian"), a company established in the PRC that is mainly engaged in economic and trade advisory. In January 2012, the Group invested $1,200,000 for 15.67% of equity interest in China Lion Entertainment Limited ("China Lion"), a company established in the United States that is mainly engaged in film distribution in North America. The investments are accounted for using the cost method of accounting as the Group has no significant influence over the operation of Wuhan Lianzhong, Zhongda Helian, and China Lion. There was no impairment of the cost method investment recognized for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
10. INVESTMENT IN EQUITY AFFILIATES
The Group's equity method investees include:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Investee | | Amount invested | | Legal ownership | | Date invested | | Business |
---|
Wisdom Sea Group Limited (BVI)(1) | | $ | 4 | | | 40% | | | January 2008 | | Shell company |
Beijing Bona Yinglong Culture Agency Company Limited ("Bona Yinglong")(2) | | $ | 289,737 | | | 40% | | | June 2008 | | Artist agency |
Beijing Bona Meitao Culture and Media Company Limited ("Bona Meitao")(3) | | $ | 573,235 | | | 51% | | | June 2008 | | Artist agency, film and television and television content production |
- (1)
- Wisdom Sea Group Limited was dissolved in July 2010.
- (2)
- In July 2010, Bona Film and Culture acquired the remaining 60% equity shares of Bona Yinglong with consideration of $440,736 (equivalent to RMB3 million). As a result, Bona Yinglong became a subsidiary of the Group, and is consolidated in the consolidated financial statements starting from the year ended December 31, 2010. The fair value of the investment in 40% equity interest as of the acquisition date of the remaining 60% equity interest approximated its carry amount, and therefore, no remeasurement gains or losses were recognized in earnings.
- (3)
- As 51% shareholder, the Group is entitled to nominate three out of five board members of Bona Meitao. However any significant board resolutions related to operating and financing activities of Bona Meitao need two-third board members' approval. The Group concludes it does not have control over Bona Meitao, and has accounted for this investment on the equity basis. The Group disposed the equity of Bona Meitao in April 2012 for cash consideration of $55,020. A loss on disposal of $5,584 is recognized in the year ended December 31, 2012.
The Group's share of the equity method investees' profit or loss and distributions in 2011 and 2012 are as below:
| | | | |
| | Bona Meitao | |
---|
Balance as of January 1, 2011 | | | 231,854 | |
Share of profit for the year ended December 31, 2011 | | | 3,062 | |
Distribution | | | (185,712 | ) |
Exchange difference | | | 6,136 | |
| | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2011 | | | 55,340 | |
Share of profit for the year ended December 31, 2012 | | | 5,604 | |
Disposal | | | (60,604 | ) |
Exchange difference | | | (340 | ) |
| | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2012 | | | — | |
| | | |
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
11. ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
The Group's acquired intangible assets were generated from the acquisition of 100% equity interest in Beijing Bona Cineplex on April 23, 2010 and Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight on July 1, 2011 (Note 3). Acquired intangible assets, net consist of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
| | Gross carrying amount | | Accumulated amortization | | Exchange difference | | Net carrying amount | | Gross carrying amount | | Accumulated amortization | | Exchange difference | | Net carrying amount | |
---|
Acquired intangible assets with definite lives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Membership | | | 58,651 | | | (57,022 | ) | | — | | | 1,629 | | | 58,651 | | | (58,651 | ) | | — | | | — | |
Favorable lease | | | 2,459,884 | | | (855,482 | ) | | 46,844 | | | 1,651,246 | | | 2,459,884 | | | (1,668,799 | ) | | 53,726 | | | 844,811 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total intangible assets with definite lives | | | 2,518,535 | | | (912,504 | ) | | 46,844 | | | 1,652,875 | | | 2,518,535 | | | (1,727,450 | ) | | 53,726 | | | 844,811 | |
Acquired intangible assets with indefinite lives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Movie theater licenses | | | 2,328,956 | | | — | | | 11,321 | | | 2,340,277 | | | 2,328,956 | | | — | | | 15,714 | | | 2,344,670 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 4,847,491 | | | (912,504 | ) | | 58,165 | | | 3,993,152 | | | 4,847,491 | | | (1,727,450 | ) | | 69,440 | | | 3,189,481 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 were $233,382, $679,122 and $814,945 respectively. The Group expects to record amortization expenses of $752,984 and $91,827 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively. The Group has had no impairment losses recorded on acquired intangible assets.
12. GOODWILL
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting units, which are the same as reportable segments, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Film distribution | | Film production | | Talent agency | | Movie theaters | | Total | |
---|
Gross balance as of January 1, 2011 | | | — | | | 34,765 | | | 134,873 | | | 28,366,772 | | | 28,536,410 | |
Goodwill acquired during the period | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 18,196,620 | | | 18,196,620 | |
Exchange difference due to translation | | | — | | | 66 | | | 6,560 | | | 1,872,831 | | | 1,879,457 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross goodwill carrying amount | | | — | | | 34,831 | | | 141,433 | | | 48,436,223 | | | 48,612,487 | |
Less: accumulated impairment of goodwill | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net goodwill carrying amount at December 31, 2011 | | | — | | | 34,831 | | | 141,433 | | | 48,436,223 | | | 48,612,487 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross balance as of December 31, 2011 | | | — | | | 34,831 | | | 141,433 | | | 48,436,223 | | | 48,612,487 | |
Exchange difference due to translation | | | | | | 69 | | | 1,448 | | | 496,017 | | | 497,534 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross goodwill carrying amount | | | | | | 34,900 | | | 142,881 | | | 48,932,240 | | | 49,110,021 | |
Less: accumulated impairment of goodwill | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net goodwill carrying amount at December 31, 2012 | | | — | | | 34,900 | | | 142,881 | | | 48,932,240 | | | 49,110,021 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
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Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
12. GOODWILL – continued
The Group performed its annual goodwill impairment tests on December 31 of each year and has not recorded any impairment loss of goodwill. In the goodwill impairment test, the Group used the income approach, which it believed to be more reliable than the market approach in determining the fair value of the Group's reporting unit. Accordingly, it adopted a discounted cash flow method under the income approach, which considers a number of factors that include expected future cash flows, growth rates and discount rates and requires the Group to make certain assumptions and estimates regarding industry economic factors and future profitability of its reporting unit. The assumptions are inherently uncertain and subjective. The cash flow projections were based on five-year financial forecasts developed by management that included revenue projections, capital spending trends, and investments in working capital to support anticipated revenue growth. The Group has had no impairment losses recorded on goodwill.
13. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following at:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Advance from customers | | | 16,369,726 | | | 9,564,598 | |
Payables for rental expenses | | | 4,348,253 | | | 6,740,257 | |
Business taxes and other tax payable | | | 1,457,394 | | | 3,488,952 | |
Payable of distribution and promotion fee | | | — | | | 1,800,597 | |
Other accounts payable to third parties | | | 571,292 | | | 1,787,963 | |
Payable of advertising fee | | | — | | | 1,765,970 | |
Accrued payroll, welfare and other social expenses | | | 1,198,252 | | | 1,575,937 | |
Accrued professional fee | | | 832,368 | | | 814,966 | |
Payable of production fee | | | — | | | 525,603 | |
Advance from third parties | | | 79,442 | | | 80,256 | |
Payables for acquisition of Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight | | | 2,383,260 | | | — | |
| | | | | |
Total | | | 27,239,987 | | | 28,145,099 | |
| | | | | |
Advance from customers represents upfront payments received from customers for licensing fees. Other accounts payable to third parties primarily represents payables to other suppliers. Payables for rental expenses represent rental expense payable for cinemas. Accrued payroll, welfare and other social expenses represent the payments of miscellaneous welfare expense, pension, and other social insurance to employees of the Group. Accrued professional fee mainly represents amounts payable to auditors and lawyers for professional services.
14. BANK BORROWINGS
In March 2010, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $544,758 (equivalent of RMB3.7 million) from a PRC commercial bank. The loan was repaid in March 2011. The annual interest rate is 6.37%. Mr. Dong Yu pledged his personal property for this loan.
F-44
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
14. BANK BORROWINGS – continued
During May to December 2010, the Group borrowed bank loans with a total principal of $22,303,808 (equivalent of RMB151.3 million) from two PRC commercial banks on the condition that the loans would be invested in six specific films. These loans were fully repaid in 2011. The annual interest rate is from 5.94% to 6.97% and from 5.94% to 7.27% for the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The loans were repaid on a first priority basis with the box office receipts from such films and personally guaranteed by the Company's principal shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu.
During January to February 2011, the Group borrowed bank loans with a total principal of $2,584,254 (equivalent of RMB17 million) from a PRC commercial bank on the condition that the loans would be invested in a film. These loans were repaid in January and February 2012. The annual interest rate is from 6.97% to 7.87%. The loans were repaid on a first priority basis with the box office receipts from such film and personally guaranteed by the Company's principal shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu.
In May 2011, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $3,077,586 (equivalent of RMB20 million) from a PRC commercial bank on the condition that the loan would be used for building cineplex. The loan was repaid in May 2012. The annual interest rate is from 6.31% to 6.56%. The loan is guaranteed by the Bona Culture and $4 million of the Company's term deposit.
In August 2011, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $4,676,175 (equivalent of RMB30 million) from a PRC commercial bank on the condition that the loan would be invested in a film. $31,454 (equivalent of RMB0.2 million) of the loan was repaid in December 2011, and the remaining amount was repaid in April 2012. The annual interest rate is 7.32%. The loan was repaid on a first priority basis with the box office receipts from such film and guaranteed by the Company's principal shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu, and Zhejiang Bona.
In December 2011, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $1,887,267 (equivalent of RMB12 million) from a PRC commercial bank on the condition that the loan would be invested in a TV series. The loan was repaid in December 2012. The annual interest rate is 7.87%. The loan is guaranteed by the Company's principal shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu, Zhejiang Bona and Beijing Bona Cineplex.
During March to September 2011, the Group borrowed bank loans with a total principal of $77,152 (equivalent of RMB0.5 million) from PRC commercial banks on the condition that the loans would be used for daily operation. These loans were all repaid by October 11, 2011. The annual interest rate is from 6.44% to 6.71%.
In January 2012, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $3,170,678 (equivalent of RMB20 million) from a PRC commercial bank on the condition that the loan would be invested in a TV series. The loan was repaid in December 2012. The annual interest rate is 7.87%. The loan was guaranteed by the Company's principal shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu, Zhejiang Bona and Beijing Bona Cineplex.
During January and February 2012, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $976,922 (equivalent of RMB6,162,226) from a PRC commercial bank on the condition that the loan would be paid for the selling and marketing expenses of a specific film. The loan was repaid in April, 2012. The annual interest rate is 6.71%. The loan is guaranteed by the Company's principal shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu and Bona Film.
F-45
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
14. BANK BORROWINGS – continued
In June 2012, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $16,990(equivalent of RMB107,557) from a PRC commercial bank on the condition that the loan would be paid for the selling and marketing expenses of a specific film. The loan was repaid in July 2012. The annual interest rate is 6.44%. The loan is guaranteed by the Company's principal shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu and Bona Film.
In July 2012, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $7,872,032 (equivalent of RMB50 million) from a PRC commercial bank on the condition that the loan would be invested in a specific film. The loan is due on July 25, 2013. The annual interest rate is 7.20%. The loan is guaranteed by the Company's principal shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu, Zhejiang Bona and Beijing Bona Cineplex.
During August and September 2012, the Group borrowed two bank loans with a total principal of $8,930,000 from a overseas commercial bank on the condition that the loan would be used for US dollar settlement. The annual interest rate is 3.18% and 3.19%, respectively. The loans are guaranteed by $9,446,439 (equivalent of RMB60 million) of the Company's term deposit. The Company repaid $4.465 million in December 2012. The remaining amount of the loan is due on September 7, 2013.
During November to December 2012, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $8,008,072 (equivalent of RMB50 million) from a PRC commercial bank on the condition that the loan would be invested in a film. The annual interest rate is 6.15%. The loan is guaranteed by the Company's principal shareholder, Mr. Dong Yu and Zhejiang Bona.
In December 2012, the Group borrowed a bank loan with a principal of $10,000,000 from an overseas commercial bank. The annual interest rate is 3.5%. The loan is secured and is guaranteed by Bona International. The Group agreed to certain financial covenants (among other covenants), including to maintain minimum cash assets of $5.0 million at all times during the term of the loan, as well as to maintain a ratio of maximum total funded debt to earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization ("the "EBITDA Ratio") no greater than 3.8:1 (the "EBITDA Ratio Covenant") and a ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth of no more than 2:1, in each case calculated using average quarterly figures based on the consolidated balance sheets of the Group for the most recent four quarters. Any failure to comply with such financial covenants (among other things) would constitute an event of default under the agreement. If the Group fails to timely remedy a curable event of default within the applicable cure period or obtain a waiver, the bank would have the right to accelerate the loan and charge a default rate of interest. Based on the average EBITDA Ratios for the four quarters ended December 31, 2012, which was 4.32, the Group was not in compliance with the EBITDA Ratio covenant, and this noncompliance constituted an event of default under the terms of the loan agreement. The bank has waived the event of default as of December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013, and the Group does not expect the repayment of the loan will be accelerated within the 12 months following December 31, 2012. As a result, the loan is classified as long-term liability as of December 31, 2012.
F-46
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
14. BANK BORROWINGS – continued
Changes in the balances of bank borrowings for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 are as follows.
| | | | | | | |
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Beginning balances as of January 1 | | | 22,012,560 | | | 12,561,806 | |
Additional bank borrowings | | | 12,302,434 | | | 38,974,694 | |
Accrued interest | | | 1,376,547 | | | 976,738 | |
Payments of principal during the year | | | (22,566,691 | ) | | (21,142,272 | ) |
Payments of interest during the year | | | (1,379,854 | ) | | (967,100 | ) |
Exchange difference | | | 816,810 | | | 163,848 | |
| | | | | |
Ending balances as of December 31 | | | 12,561,806 | | | 30,567,714 | |
| | | | | |
Interest expenses accrued for loans were $592,349, $1,376,547 and $976,738 for years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, in which $403,795, $1,081,178 and $586,841 were capitalized to production costs as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
15. OTHER BORROWINGS
In June 2010, the Company entered into a film financing agreement with a third party investor. Under the agreement, the investor invested $1,175,295 (equivalent of RMB8 million) and the Company guaranteed a return of 10% on the investment. The Group accrued an interest of $54,298 and $57,676 on this borrowing for the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively using the effective interest rate of 10%. The loan and related interest was fully repaid in June 2011.
In December 2010, the Group entered into a film financing agreement with a third party investor. Under the agreement, the investor paid $167,504 (equivalent of RMB1,115,075) to invest in production of a film and the investor will share the awards bonus related to the film with the Company as the investment return. There is no interest on this borrowing in 2011.
The Company also entered into two similar agreements with other investors in October 2011. Under the agreements, the investors paid a total amount of $1,572,723 (equivalent of RMB10 million) to invest in production of a TV series for one-year term. The Group guaranteed a return of 15% to 20% on the investment and accrued interest of $64,984 and $211,236 on this borrowing in 2011 and 2012, respectively.
The Company entered into two similar agreements with other investors in March 2012 and May 2012. Under the agreements, the investors paid a total amount of $3,001,343 (equivalent of RMB19 million) to invest in production of a TV series, which shall be repaid by the Company within one year. The Group guaranteed a return of 15% on the investment. The Group accrued an interest of $278,499 on this borrowing for the year ended December 31, 2012.
In September 2012, the Company entered into a film financing agreement with a third party investor. Under the agreement, the investor invested $3,148,813 (equivalent of RMB20 million) and the
F-47
Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
15. OTHER BORROWINGS – continued
Company guaranteed a return of 8% on the investment with one-year term. The Group accrued an interest of $64,065 on this borrowing for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Changes in the balances of other borrowings for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 are as follows.
| | | | | | | |
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Beginning balance as of January 1 | | | 1,445,150 | | | 1,831,658 | |
Received from investors | | | 1,572,723 | | | 6,150,156 | |
Accrued interest | | | 122,660 | | | 553,800 | |
Payments of principal made during the year | | | (1,231,034 | ) | | — | |
Payments of interest made during the year | | | (123,103 | ) | | — | |
Exchange difference | | | 45,262 | | | 135,436 | |
| | | | | |
Ending balances as of December 31 | | | 1,831,658 | | | 8,671,050 | |
| | | | | |
Interest expenses accrued for the other borrowing were $271,654, $122,660 and $553,800 for years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, in which $50,740, $64,984 and $549,841 were capitalized to production costs as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
16. FILM PARTICIPATION FINANCING LIABILITIES
In the film production financing arrangements, the initial participation amounts provided by the third party investor for a fixed percentage of the film's worldwide net income of the invested film for 10 years from the initial exhibition of the film in the mainland China, and the amounts are reflected as a film participation liability. A film's worldwide net income is defined as the film's distribution revenue, less promotion and print costs, and distribution fees. The difference between the ultimate film participation expenses expected to be paid to participants and the amount provided by participants is amortized as a charge to or a reduction of film participation expense under the individual film-forecast method.
The table below summarizes the movement of film participation financing liabilities:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Beginning balance as of January 1 | | | 16,516,169 | | | 16,224,219 | |
Received from participants | | | 3,998,964 | | | 293,288 | |
Film participation expenses | | | 321,100 | | | 438,636 | |
Payments made during the year | | | (5,093,722 | ) | | (1,643,112 | ) |
Withholding tax | | | (118,721 | ) | | (44,391 | ) |
Exchange difference | | | 600,429 | | | (181,748 | ) |
| | | | | |
Ending balances as of December 31 | | | 16,224,219 | | | 15,086,892 | |
| | | | | |
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Table of Contents
BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
16. FILM PARTICIPATION FINANCING LIABILITIES – continued
Film participation expenses accrued for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 were $696,101, $321,100 and $438,636, respectively.
Payments made during the year ended December 31, 2011 included film participation expenses of $244,399 and principal of $4,849,323. Payments made during the year ended December 31, 2012 included film participation expenses of $132,223 and principal of $1,510,889. The Group expects to pay $15,086,892 of the film participation financing liabilities during the twelve months after December 31, 2012.
17. INCOME TAXES
The current and deferred components of income tax expenses (benefits) are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Income taxes expenses/(benefits): | | | | | | | | | | |
Current | | | | | | | | | | |
PRC | | | 64,453 | | | 462,022 | | | 2,279,819 | |
Hong Kong | | | 91,966 | | | 99,884 | | | 153,311 | |
Deferred | | | | | | | | | | |
PRC | | | (65,366 | ) | | (88,364 | ) | | (1,110,762 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | 91,053 | | | 473,542 | | | 1,322,368 | |
| | | | | | | |
Cayman Islands
The Company is a tax-exempt entity incorporated in the Cayman Islands.
British Virgin Islands
Under the current BVI law, income from Bona International is not subject to taxation.
Hong Kong
Hong Kong adopts a territorial source principle of taxation. Only profits sourced in Hong Kong are taxable and those sourced elsewhere are not subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax. Provision of $91,966, $99,884 and $153,311 for Hong Kong Profits Tax were made for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 at the Hong Kong profit tax rate of 16.5%, respectively.
PRC
The enterprise income tax ("EIT") law applies a uniform 25% EIT rate to both foreign invested enterprises and domestic enterprises. The EIT rate for the Group's entities operating in the PRC was 25% with the following exceptions.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
17. INCOME TAXES – continued
Zhejiang Bona was established in Zhejiang in December 2008 as a cultural enterprise and it was exempted from income tax for the years of 2009, 2010 and 2011 pursuant to an approval by the relevant local tax authority in June 2009.
Xi'an Huitong is established in the western regions of PRC. In 2011, Xi'an Huitong has obtained an approval from its local tax authority for a preferential tax rate of 15% effective from 2011 through 2020.
The principle components of the Group's deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Deferred tax assets | | | | | | | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | | 218,016 | | | 177,225 | |
Accrued Payroll | | | 105,718 | | | 143,474 | |
Advertisement Fee | | | — | | | 1,029 | |
Impairment of production cost | | | — | | | 330,061 | |
Net operating losses carry forwards | | | — | | | 393,366 | |
Less: valuation allowance | | | (308,037 | ) | | (74,472 | ) |
| | | | | |
Total current deferred tax assets | | | 15,697 | | | 970,683 | |
| | | | | |
Property and equipment | | | 31,560 | | | 16,800 | |
ADR reimbursement | | | 317,003 | | | 231,288 | |
Net operating loss carry forwards | | | 2,373,502 | | | 2,774,644 | |
Less: valuation allowance | | | (2,401,395 | ) | | (2,711,630 | ) |
| | | | | |
Total non-current deferred tax assets | | | 320,670 | | | 311,102 | |
| | | | | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | | | | | | |
Acquired intangible assets | | | 413,219 | | | 211,203 | |
| | | | | |
Total non-current deferred tax liabilities | | | 413,219 | | | 211,203 | |
| | | | | |
The Group had net operating losses of $10,497,931 and $10,735,545 from the Group's PRC and Hong Kong entities as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively. The net operating loss carry forwards generated by a particular entity in the Group cannot be transferred or utilized by other entities within the Group. As of December 31, 2011and 2012, valuation allowance was $2,373,502 and $2,698,322, respectively, which were provided against deferred tax assets arising from net operating losses of certain PRC and Hong Kong entities due to the uncertainty of realization.
The net operating loss carry forwards for the Group's PRC entities as of December 31, 2012 will expire on various dates through 2017. The net operating loss generated by the Group's Hong Kong entities as of December 31, 2012 will be carried forward permanently.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
17. INCOME TAXES – continued
A reconciliation between the provision for income tax computed by applying statutory PRC enterprise income tax rate of 25%, and the actual provision of income taxes is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Net income (loss) before income tax provision | | | (4,143,261 | ) | | 15,042,856 | | | (251,618 | ) |
Statutory tax rate in the PRC | | | 25 | % | | 25 | % | | 25 | % |
Income tax expense (benefit) at statutory tax rate in the PRC | | | (1,035,815 | ) | | 3,760,714 | | | (62,905 | ) |
Non-deductible expenses | | | 4,023,013 | | | (296,707 | ) | | 87,516 | |
Effect of tax holidays and concessions | | | (3,245,281 | ) | | (5,113,717 | ) | | (388,904 | ) |
Effect of income tax rate difference in other jurisdictions | | | 169,024 | | | 1,298,988 | | | 1,609,991 | |
Changes in valuation allowance | | | 180,112 | | | 824,264 | | | 76,670 | |
| | | | | | | |
Income tax expenses | | | 91,053 | | | 473,542 | | | 1,322,368 | |
| | | | | | | |
If the tax holidays and concessions primarily including tax exemption and preferential tax rate granted to Zhejiang Bona and Xi'an Huitong were not available, changes in provisions for income taxes and net income per share would have been as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Changes in income tax expenses | | | 3,245,281 | | | 5,113,717 | | | 388,904 | |
Decrease in net income (increase in net loss) per ordinary share—basic | | | 0.25 | | | 0.17 | | | (0.01 | ) |
Decrease in net income (increase in net loss) per ordinary share—diluted | | | 0.25 | | | 0.17 | | | (0.01 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
There are no ongoing examinations by taxing authorities at this time. Tax years of each of the Group's PRC entities from 2007 through 2012 remain subject to review and potential recourse by the PRC tax authorities.
The Group did not identify significant unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012. The Group did not incur any interest and penalties related to potential underpaid income tax expenses and also does not anticipate any significant change in unrecognized tax benefits within 12 months from December 31, 2012.
Tax uncertainties exist with respect to how the current income tax law in the PRC applies to the Group's overall operations, and more specifically, with regard to tax residency status. The EIT Law includes a provision specifying that legal entities organized outside of the PRC will be considered residents for Chinese Income tax purposes if the place of effective management or control is within the PRC. The implementation rules to the New EIT Law provide that non-resident legal entities will be
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
17. INCOME TAXES – continued
considered PRC residents if substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting and properties occurs within the PRC. On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation (the "SAT") issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the "de facto management body" of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. In addition, on August 3, 2011, the SAT issued a bulletin to made clarification in the areas of resident status determination, post-determination administration, as well as competent tax authorities. The Group does not believe that the legal entities organized outside of the PRC within the Group should be treated as residents for EIT law purposes. However, if the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that the Company and its subsidiaries registered outside the PRC should be deemed resident enterprises, the Company and its subsidiaries registered outside the PRC will be subject to the PRC income taxes, at a rate of 25%.
If any entity within the Group that is outside the PRC were to be a non-resident for PRC tax purpose, dividends paid to it out of profits earned after January 1, 2008 would be subject to a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, subject to reduction by an applicable tax treaty with the PRC. Aggregate undistributed earnings of the Company's subsidiaries located in the PRC that are available for distribution to the Company of approximately $39,476,170 as of December 31, 2012 are considered to be indefinitely reinvested under authoritative pronouncement, because the Company does not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on its ordinary shares in the foreseeable future and intends to retain most of its available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of its business. Accordingly, no provision has been made for the Chinese dividend withholding taxes that would be payable upon the distribution of those amounts to the Company. Distributions made out of pre January 1, 2008 retained earnings will not be subject to the withholding tax.
Zhejiang Bona, as a cultural enterprise, was exempted from income tax for the year of 2011 as approved by a local tax authority in June 2009. However, according to a notice issued by the State Administration of Taxation, the tax exemptions for cultural enterprises were terminated on December 31, 2010. The Group has confirmed with the local tax authority that the tax exemption approval obtained from them is legally valid and therefore the Group believes this tax exemption benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination and did not recognize any tax expense for Zhejiang Bona for 2011.
18. CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES
In July 2007, the Holders of the Convertible Notes converted $3,000,000 in principal and $21,499 in accrued interest into 1,171,875 shares of Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares ("Series A preferred shares"). The Company also issued 1,953,125 shares of Series A preferred shares at $2.56 per share to the Holders for $5,000,000 of cash before issuance costs of $112,845.
In July 2009, the Company issued a total of 2,897,897 Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares ("Series B preferred shares"), in which 1,241,958 shares of Series B-1 preferred shares at the price of $2.82 per share for a cash consideration of $3,500,000, and 1,655,939 shares of Series B-2 preferred shares at the price of $3.62 per share for a cash consideration of $6,000,000, respectively. The issuance cost was $546,316.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
18. CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES – continued
In July 2010, the Company issued a total of 792,680 Series B-3 convertible redeemable preferred shares ("Series B-3 preferred shares") at the price of $6.31 per share for a total cash consideration of $5,000,000.
In December 2010, upon the completion of the Company's IPO, Each Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares had been automatically converted into 1.8421 ordinary shares and each Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares had been automatically converted into one ordinary share.
The significant terms of the Series A and B preferred shares during the periods when they were outstanding are summarized as follows:
Voting rights
The Series A and B preferred shares voted together with the ordinary shares on an as-converted basis, and not as a separate class.
Dividends
No dividend could be paid on ordinary shares at a rate greater than the rate at which dividends were paid on Series A and B preferred shares. Series A and B preferred shares were participating securities.
Liquidation preference
In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, Series B preferred shareholders had preference to Series A preferred shareholders. Out of the proceeds, Series B preferred shareholders would first receive an amount equal to 150% of Series B original issue price and all declared but unpaid dividends, then Series A preferred shareholders would receive an amount equal to 150% of Series A original issue price and all declared but unpaid dividends. The remaining balance of any proceeds would be distributed ratably among the holders of the ordinary shares and the holders of the Series A and B preferred shares (on an as-converted basis).
Conversion
- –
- Optional Conversion: Series A and B Preferred Shares were convertible at the holder's option to ordinary shares. The initial conversion ratio was one for one, subject to certain general anti-dilution adjustments.
- –
- Down-round provision: If after the Series A or B original issue date, the Company issued additional equity security without consideration or at a per share price lower than the then effective Series A conversion price, the Series A conversion price would be adjusted down to equal to the new issuance price.
- –
- 2007 net profit adjustment: The Series A conversion price would automatically be adjusted with effect from December 31, 2007, based on whether the Group's 2007 net profit could reach
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
18. CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES – continued
Redemption rights
At any time on or after 48 months from July 2007 ("Maturity Date") or 48 months from the Series B original issue date in the case of Series B preferred shares, and in the event that a Qualified IPO had not occurred prior to such date, the Series A or B preferred shares holders had the right to request the Company to redeem all of the Series A or B preferred shares for an aggregate consideration, equal to the higher of: (i) 140% of the issuance price, plus any declared but unpaid dividends, or (ii) the fair market value of the Series A or B preferred shares (exclusive of liquidity event, fire sale or minority ownership discounts) as determined by an independent appraiser mutually agreeable to the Company and the lead investor.
Because the redemption price of Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares was linked to the fair value of the underlying preferred shares, the conversion feature was a derivative and required to be bifurcated from Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares, and recognized at fair value.
The following table summarizes the bifurcated derivative liabilities at the issuance date of Series A and Series B preferred shares:
| | | | |
Derivative liabilities | |
| |
---|
Relating to Series A preferred shares issuance on July 10, 2007 | | | 729,000 | |
Relating to Series B-1 and B-2 preferred shares issuance on July 7, 2009 | | | 301,000 | |
Relating to Series B-3 preferred shares issuance on July 26, 2010 | | | 476,000 | |
Change in fair value of $14,528,000 was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
18. CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES – continued
The ability of holders to redeem Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares on or after July 2011 and July 2013, respectively, was contingent upon a Qualified IPO not occurring in four years after issuance date of such shares. Because the exercise of the redemption rights was outside of the control of the Company, the Group deemed redemption to be probable and was accreted the Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares to their redemption value. Management elected to recognize the change in the redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of the Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares using the effective interest rate method. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2010, the Group recognized $1,053,766 as deemed dividends on Series A preferred shares and $1,096,380 as deemed dividends on Series B preferred shares, which reflects the accretion changes in redemption value assuming the redemption value is 140% of the issuance price.
19. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
There is no financial asset or liability measured at fair value on recurring basis as of December 31, 2011 and 2012.
Measured at fair value on nonrecurring basis
The Group measured fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business acquisitions using various valuation methods, primarily consisting of the "cost," "income approach—excess earnings" and "with & without" valuation methods. These purchased assets and liabilities are considered Level 3 assets and liabilities because the Company used unobservable inputs, reflecting the Company's assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing these assets and liabilities (Note 3).
The Group measured the equity method investments and cost method investments at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when it wrote down the carrying amounts of the investments to their fair value as a result of the impairment assessments (Note 9 and Note 10). The determination of fair value of the investment involves judgment as to the severity and duration of the decline below fair value. The fair value was determined using models with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs), primarily the management estimation on the future performance of the investees and the recoverability of the investment.
The Group measured the intangible assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as results of the impairment assessment when the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable (Note 11). The fair value was determined using models with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs), primarily the management projection on the discounted future cash flow and the discount rate.
The Group measured the goodwill at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when it is annually evaluated or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value as a result of the impairment assessments (Note 12). The fair value was determined using models with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs), primarily the management projection on the discounted future cash flow and the discount rate.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
20. GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the Group received $88,147, $220,559, $3,866,700 of government subsidies, respectively, mainly include subsidy from a government authority to encourage the Company's production in specific film and to encourage the Movie Theater. There is no limitation on the use of the subsidies and the receipt of such subsidies does not subject the Group to any additional governmental regulations or future obligations. These amounts are recognized as subsidy income when received.
21. ORDINARY SHARES
In April 2010, the Company issued 5,810,320 ordinary shares with a fair value of $4.50 per share as part of the acquisition consideration of movie theaters (Note 3(a)).
In July 2010, the Company issued 317,072 ordinary shares to Mr. Jeffrey Chan for a total cash consideration of $2,000,000 due to the exercise of his options.
Upon the completion of the Company's IPO in December 2010, 11,740,000 American Depositary Shares (representing 5,870,000 ordinary shares) were issued with proceeds of US$89,245,119 (net of issuance cost of 3,559,581). At the same time, 3,175,631 Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares and 3,690,577 Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares were automatically converted into 5,849,856 and 3,690,577 ordinary shares at the conversion ratio of 1:1.8421 and 1:1, respectively.
On June 10, 2011, the Company issued a total of 1,052,865 ordinary shares which are held by a depositary bank for future delivery to the employees and non-employees upon exercise of vested share options or vesting of nonvested shares granted. The issued ordinary shares are not considered as outstanding shares until they are delivered to the employees or non-employees upon exercise of vested share options or vesting of nonvested shares granted. During the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012, 39,608 and 348,168 ordinary shares out of such 1,052,865 shares had been delivered to the employees upon exercise of their share options. As a result, 1,013,257 and 665,089 issued ordinary shares were excluded from the outstanding shares as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and also were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted EPS.
22. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Options to employees
On June 1, 2009, the Group's board of directors approved the Bona Film Group Limited 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2009 Plan"). The maximum number of ordinary shares that may be granted under this plan is 209,163 shares. Upon the approval of the 2009 Plan, the Group granted 209,163 share options to purchase ordinary shares to an officer and an employee on June 1, 2009. 69,721 options vested on the date of grant. The remaining options vest ratably over 32 months from the date of grant and are exercisable up to 10 years from the date of grant. The exercise price is $3.36 per share. The estimated fair value of the options granted was $1.47 on the date of grant using the Binomial option pricing model. A zero forfeiture rate was estimated.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
22. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION – continued
On June 1, 2010, the Group's board of directors approved the Bona Film Group Limited 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2010 Plan"). The maximum number of ordinary shares that may be granted under this plan is 5,410,650 shares. Upon the approval of the 2010 Plan, the Group granted 324,245 share options to three officers of the Group, and 650,631 share options to purchase ordinary shares to 49 employees on June 1, 2010. 35,671 options granted to one officer vested on the closing of the IPO of the Company. 5,615 options granted to the officer vested on the date of grant, and 196,518 options granted to the officer vest ratably over 35 months from the date of grant. 14,117 options granted to the other officers and employees vested on the date of grant, and the remaining 722,955 options vest ratably over 47 months from the date of grant. The contract life was 10 years from the date of grant. The exercise price was $3.44 or $6.31 per share. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during 2010 was $2.26 per share. A zero forfeiture rate was estimated.
In July 2010, the Group issued an option to Mr. Jeffrey Chan, the chief operation officer of the Group, to purchase a total of 317,072 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $6.31 per share. The option could be exercised within five business days after the option issuance date. The fair value of the option was determined to be $616 which was recognized as share-based compensation cost in July 2010. The option was exercised by Mr. Jeffrey Chan in July 2010.
In March 2011, under the 2010 Plan, the Group granted 435,774 share options to an officer of the Group, 125,708 share options to an artist and 110,000 share options to two independent directors of the Group with exercise prices of $6.31, $6.31 and $11.56, respectively. 236,687 options granted to the officer, the artist and two independent directors vested on the date of grant, and the remaining 434,795 options vest ratably over the range from 20 to 22 months from the date of grant. The contract life was 10 years from the date of grant. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during 2011 was $6.97 per share. A zero forfeiture rate was estimated.
In November 2011, under the 2010 Plan, the Group granted 135,000 share options to four independent directors of the Group, 150,000 share options to two directors of the Group, and 289,000 share options to 34 employees with exercise prices of $8.62. 14,424 options vested on the date of grant, and the remaining 559,576 options vest ratably over the range from 23 to 47 months. The contract life was 10 years from the date of grant. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during 2011 was $4.13 per share. The forfeiture rate of 11.3% was estimated for the options granted to the 35 employees and a zero forfeiture rate was estimated for the rest options.
In April 2012, under the 2010 Plan, the Group granted 950,000 share options to five officers and 100,000 share options to 9 employees with exercise prices of $10.96. 28,472 options vested on the date of grant, and the remaining 1,021,528 options vest ratably over the range from 35 to 47 months. The contract life was 10 years from the date of grant. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during 2012 was $5.58 per share. The forfeiture rate of 11.3% was estimated for the options granted to the 9 employees and a zero forfeiture rate was estimated for the rest options.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 were $nil, $53,632 and $1,614,902, respectively.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
22. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION – continued
The Group recognizes compensation cost on the options using the straight-line attribution method. Total share-based compensation cost recognized was $3,560,194 and $4,234,386 for the years ended 2011 and 2012, respectively.
Options to non-employees
In November 2011, under the 2010 Plan, the Group granted 470,000 to eight consultants with exercise prices of $8.62. 13,056 options vested on the date of grant, and the remaining 456,944 options vest ratably over 35 months from the date of grant on a monthly basis. The contract life was 10 years from the date of grant. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during 2011 was $3.33 per share. A zero forfeiture rate was estimated. No option to non-employees was exercised for the three years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012.
The Group recognizes compensation cost on the options using the straight-line attribution method. Total share-based compensation cost recognized was nil, $86,950 and 568,778 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
With the assistance of American Appraisal China Limited, an independent valuer, the fair value of each option granted to employees was estimated on the date of grant and the fair value of each option granted to non-employees was estimated on the date of vesting. The fair value of each option granted to employees and non-employees was determined using the Binomial option pricing model with the following assumptions for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 2010 | | July 2010 | | March 2011 | | November 2011 | | December 2011 | | April 2012 | | December 2012 | |
---|
Expected volatility(1) | | | 44 | % | | 44 | % | | 44 | % | | 44 | % | | 44 | % | | 43 | % | | 42 | % |
Risk-free interest rate(2) | | | 4.36 | % | | 1.26 | % | | 2.89 | % | | 2.78 | % | | 2.77 | % | | 2.73 | % | | 2.08 | % |
Expected dividend yield(3) | | | 0 | % | | 0 | % | | 0 | % | | 0 | % | | 0 | % | | 0 | % | | 0 | % |
Exercise multiple(4) | | | 2.00 | | | 2.00 | | | 2.00 and 2.30 | | | 2.00 | | | 2.00 | | | 2.80 | | | 2.00 | |
Fair value of the underlying ordinary shares(5) | | | 4.75 | | | 5.66 | | | 12.37 | | | 8.88 | | | 7.60 | | | 10.96 | | | 9.84 | |
- (1)
- Volatility
The volatility of the underlying ordinary shares during the life of the options was estimated based on average historical volatility of listed comparable companies for the period before the valuation date with lengths equal to the contractual life of the options.
- (2)
- Risk-free interest rate
Risk free interest rate is estimated based on the yield to maturity of PRC international government bonds with maturity term close to the contractual life of the options.
- (3)
- Dividend yield
The dividend yield was estimated by the Group based on its expected dividend policy over the contractual life of the options.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
22. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION – continued
- (4)
- Exercise multiple
Exercise multiple represents the value of the underlying share as a multiple of exercise price of the option which, if achieved, results in exercise of the option. The exercise multiple of the options was estimated based on empirical study conducted by the third party.
- (5)
- Fair value of underlying ordinary shares
When estimating the fair value of the ordinary shares on the grant dates before the Company's IPO, management has considered a number of factors, including the result of a third-party appraisal and equity transactions of the Group, while taking into account standard valuation methods and the achievement of certain events. After the IPO, the closing market price of the Company's ordinary shares as of the grant date was used as the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares on that date.
Summary of share options to employees and non-employees
A summary of option activity, including grants to both employees and non-employees, under the 2009 Plan and 2010 Plan as of December 31, 2012, and the changes during the year then ended is presented below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options | | Number of share options | | Weighted average exercise price | | Weighted average remaining contractual life | | Aggregate intrinsic value | |
---|
Outstanding as of January 1, 2012 | | | 2,821,518 | | | 6.72 | | | 9.1 | | | 3,976,157 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Granted | | | 1,050,000 | | | 10.96 | | | 9.3 | | | | |
Exercised | | | (348,168 | ) | | 5.20 | | | 7.5 | | | | |
Expired | | | (2,339 | ) | | 6.64 | | | 7.6 | | | | |
Forfeited | | | (42,298 | ) | | 5.71 | | | 7.9 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding as at December 31, 2012 | | | 3,478,713 | | | 8.17 | | | 7.9 | | | 7,187,931 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable as at December 31, 2012 | | | 1,702,431 | | | 7.23 | | | 6.9 | | | 4,890,031 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Expected to vest at December 31, 2012 | | | 1,575,561 | | | 9.06 | | | 8.8 | | | 2,038,236 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2012, there was $7,922,842 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the 2009 Plan and 2010 Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.67 years.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
23. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
The calculation of the net income (loss) per share is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Numerator used in basic and diluted net income (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) attributable to Bona Film Group Limited | | | (4,091,374 | ) | | 14,432,081 | | | (1,283,882 | ) |
Deemed dividend on Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares | | | (1,053,766 | ) | | — | | | — | |
Deemed dividend on Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares | | | (1,096,380 | ) | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders for computing basic net income (loss) per ordinary share | | | (6,241,520 | ) | | 14,432,081 | | | (1,283,882 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Shares (denominator): | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing basic net income per ordinary share | | | 12,758,575 | | | 29,353,936 | | | 29,514,979 | |
Employee share options (treasury effect) | | | — | | | 490,526 | | | | |
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share | | | 12,758,575 | | | 29,844,462 | | | 29,514,979 | |
| | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) per ordinary share—basic | | | (0.49 | ) | | 0.49 | | | (0.04 | ) |
Net income (loss) per ordinary share—diluted | | | (0.49 | ) | | 0.48 | | | (0.04 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
The Group had securities outstanding which could potentially dilute basic net income per share in the future, but were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share as their effects would have been anti-dilutive. Such securities consisted of 1,184,039, 1,715,482 and 3,478,713 options outstanding as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
24. STATUTORY RESERVES
As stipulated by the relevant laws and regulations in the PRC, each PRC entity of the Group is required to maintain non-distributable reserves which include a statutory surplus reserve and a statutory public welfare reserve. Subject to certain cumulative limits, the statutory surplus reserve requires annual appropriations of 10% of profit after taxes as reported in company statutory financial statements prepared under accounting principle general accepted in PRC. An amount to be appropriated to the statutory public welfare reserve is to be determined at the discretion of the Group's boards of directors. These reserves can only be used for the specified purposes and once appropriated, the amounts are not
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
24. STATUTORY RESERVES – continued
available for future distribution to owners. The statutory surplus reserve may be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be applied to increase capital upon the boards of directors' approval.
Total amount appropriated to statutory reserves were $227,260, $69,155 and $498,402 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, the aggregate amounts of capital and statutory reserves restricted which represented the amount of net assets of the relevant subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiary in the Group not available for distribution was $13,044,215.
25. CUSTOMER INFORMATION
There was no customer who accounted for 10% or more of net revenue for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012.
Details of customers accounting for 10% or more of accounts receivable were as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
A(1) | | | 52.93 | % | | 13.09 | % |
B(2) | | | | * | | 16.64 | % |
C(3) | | | | * | | 14.16 | % |
- (1)
- A is a theater circuit that is responsible for collecting the Group's distribution revenue from certain other theater circuits and then remitting the collected amount to the Group. Accordingly, accounts receivable with A relate to distribution revenue generated by both A and certain other theater circuits.
- (2)
- B is one of the Group's co-investor which is responsible for distributing one television series of 2012 and collecting the revenue from other TV stations.
- (3)
- C is a TV station which purchased the copyright of the television series from the Group.
- *
- Less than 10%
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
26. NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Baichuan | | Workshop (BVI&HK) | | Cinema Popular | | Xi'an Huitong | | Shanghai Cinema | | Mango Cinema | | Tianjin (Nongken&Jin'ao) | | Total | |
---|
Balance as of January 1, 2010 | | | 886,153 | | | (45,384 | ) | | (243,708 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 597,061 | |
Acquisition of Beijing Bona Cineplex (Note 3(a)) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,071,408 | | | — | | | — | | | 2,071,408 | |
Acquisition of 10% equity interest of Baichuan (Note 3(c)) | | | (805,555 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (805,555 | ) |
Capital injection in Xi'an Huitong(1) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 364,421 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 364,421 | |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | | | — | | | (480 | ) | | 1,014 | | | 6,703 | | | (476 | ) | | — | | | — | | | 6,761 | |
Net income (loss) | | | (80,598 | ) | | 182,468 | | | (74,806 | ) | | (10,264 | ) | | (148,486 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (131,686 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | | | — | | | 136,604 | | | (317,500 | ) | | 360,860 | | | 1,922,446 | | | — | | | — | | | 2,102,410 | |
Acquisition of Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight (Note 3(d)) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,155,121 | | | — | | | 1,155,121 | |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | | | — | | | 1,459 | | | (614 | ) | | 15,355 | | | (792 | ) | | 32,392 | | | — | | | 47,800 | |
Net income (loss) | | | — | | | 505,742 | | | (5,430 | ) | | (90,727 | ) | | 29,324 | | | (298,614 | ) | | — | | | 140,295 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2011 | | | — | | | 643,805 | | | (323,544 | ) | | 285,488 | | | 1,950,978 | | | 888,899 | | | — | | | 3,445,626 | |
Capital injection in Tianjin Nongken(2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 774,030 | | | 774,030 | |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | | | | | | 1,411 | | | (20,272 | ) | | 3,290 | | | 888 | | | 9,777 | | | 6,854 | | | 1,948 | |
Net income (loss) | | | | | | (4,203 | ) | | (8,300 | ) | | 56,379 | | | 105,157 | | | 193,005 | | | (626,538 | ) | | (284,500 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2012 | | | — | | | 641,013 | | | (352,116 | ) | | 345,157 | | | 2,057,023 | | | 1,091,681 | | | 154,346 | | | 3,937,104 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- (1)
- On October 18, 2010, the Group set up a subsidiary, Xi'an Huitong, of which 51% equity interest was owned by the Group and 49% was owned by a third-party shareholder.
- (2)
- On April 20, 2012, the Group set up a subsidiary, Tianjin Nonken, of which 51% equity interest was owned by the Group and 49% was owned by a third-party shareholder.
27. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Group has a number of operating leases for its facilities and offices. Rental expenses under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012 were $3,433,603, $6,913,422 and $12,009,087, respectively. The group recognized rent expenses under such arrangements on a
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
27. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES – continued
straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements are as follows:
| | | | |
Years ending December 31: | | | | |
2013 | | | 14,614,384 | |
2014 | | | 16,512,082 | |
2015 | | | 16,442,854 | |
2016 | | | 15,811,512 | |
2017 and thereafter | | | 171,851,814 | |
| | | |
Total | | | 235,232,646 | |
| | | |
The Group is a party in potential claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Group does not believe that the resolution of these matters will have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.
28. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
Full time PRC employees of the Group are eligible to participate in a government-mandated defined contribution plan under which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to these employees. The PRC labor regulations require the Group to accrue for these benefits based on a percentage of each employee's salary. Total provisions for employee benefits were $587,714, $873,744 and $1,483,281 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, which were reported as a component of general and administrative expense when incurred.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
29. RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS
Nature of the relationships with related parties:
| | |
Name | | Relationship with the Group |
---|
Mr. Dong Yu | | Chairman, CEO and principal shareholder |
Mr. Zhong Jiang | | Independent Director |
Hubei Film Distribution and Exhibition Co., Ltd. ("Hubei Film Distribution") | | Noncontrolling shareholder |
Wuhan Lianzhong | | Cost method investee |
Zhongda Helian | | Cost method investee |
Ms. Xiang Li | | Noncontrolling shareholder |
Hunan Xiaoxiang Cineplex Investment Management Co., Ltd. ("Hunan Xiaoxiang") | | Noncontrolling shareholder |
Film Workshop Co., Ltd. ("Film Workshop") | | A company majority-owned by a consultant and a former director |
Mr. Xiaojian Xu | | Noncontrolling shareholder |
Tianjin Nongken Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. ("Nongken Real Estate") | | Noncontrolling shareholder |
Tianjin Nongken Group Culture Investment Co., Ltd. ("Nongken Group") | | A company majority-owned by a noncontrolling shareholder |
As well as being the Group's Chairman and CEO, Mr Dong Yu is the Group's founder and therefore has substantial influence over the Group's business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of the Group's assets, election of directors, declaration of dividends and other significant corporate actions. Mr. Dong Yu also provided personal guarantees in order to enable the Company to procure certain bank borrowings for the three years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012. (See note 14)
As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the following balances were due from the related parties:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Amounts due from Mr. Dong Yu(i) | | | 116,827 | | | — | |
Amounts due from affiliates of Cinema Popular(ii) | | | 219,135 | | | 343,817 | |
Amounts due from Bona Meitao(iii) | | | 847,121 | | | — | |
| | | | | |
| | | 1,183,083 | | | 343,817 | |
| | | | | |
- (i)
- The amounts represent payments of individual income tax on behalf of Mr. Dong Yu and loans to him, which were settled in 2012.
- (ii)
- The amounts represent the Cinema Popular's receivables from affiliates for operation.
- (iii)
- The amounts represent distribution receivables from Bona Meitao and loan to Bona Meitao for producing a TV series, which were settled in 2012.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
29. RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS – continued
- (iv)
- All the amounts due from related parties are unsecured and non-interest bearing.
As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the following balances were due to the related parties:
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
---|
| | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Amounts due to Hunan Xiaoxiang(i) | | | 238,326 | | | 240,766 | |
Amounts due to Zhongda Helian(ii) | | | 285,991 | | | — | |
Amounts due to Mr. Xiaojian Xu(i) | | | 389,266 | | | 393,252 | |
Amounts due to Film Workshop(iii) | | | 406,524 | | | 662,293 | |
Amounts due to Hubei Film Distribution(i) | | | 476,652 | | | 481,533 | |
Amounts due to Ms. Xiang Li(i) | | | 476,652 | | | 481,533 | |
Amounts due to Wuhan Lianzhong(iv) | | | 754,461 | | | 762,187 | |
Amounts due to Tianjin Nongken Group Culture Investment Co., Ltd.(v) | | | — | | | 679,853 | |
Amounts due to Tianjin Nongken Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.(vi) | | | — | | | 2,044,911 | |
| | | | | |
| | | 3,027,872 | | | 5,746,328 | |
| | | | | |
- (i)
- The amounts represent loans from the noncontrolling shareholders for operations.
- (ii)
- The amounts represent payables for film marketing and consulting service provided by Zhongda Helian.
- (iii)
- The amounts represent payables for film production service provided by Film Workshop.
- (iv)
- The amounts represent payables for film projection equipment purchased from Wuhan Lianzhong.
- (v)
- The amounts represent payables for rental expenses.
- (vi)
- The amounts represent payables for loan from Nongken Group.
All the amounts due to related parties are unsecured and non-interest bearing.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
29. RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS – continued
Other related parties transactions during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 include:
| | | |
| 2010 | | Acquisition of Beijing Bona Cineplex (see Note 3(a)) |
| | | In September 2010, Beijing Bona Cineplex entered into a management service agreement with Bona Starlight, a development stage movie theater operator in the PRC whose principal shareholders include Mr. Dong Yu. Under the terms of this agreement, the Group licensed the "Bona" brand to Bona Starlight and became the exclusive provider of management services for its current and future movie theaters. The Group is also entitled to receive a share of the box office receipts and advertising revenues of Bona Starlight's movie theaters. For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011 before the acquisition of Bona Starlight, the Group generated revenue of nil and $84,439, respectively, under this agreement (see Note 3(a)). |
| | | Acquisition of the remaining 10% equity interest in Baichuan (see Note 3(c)) |
| 2011 | | Acquisition of Alpha Speed Limited and Bona Starlight (see Note 3(d)) |
| 2012 | | In April 2012, the Group entered into a rental agreement with Nongken Group to rent a piece of property for movie theatre. The Group incurred rental expenses of $672,019 under this rental agreement in 2012. |
30. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Group's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is the Chief Executive Officer who as of December 31, 2012 reviews the results of four operating segments when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. The segments are film distribution, film investment and production, movie theater, and talent agency.
The film distribution segment generates revenue from external customers. Its revenues comprise the Group's share of movie theater box office sales for the Group's distribution services and, to the extent the Group has distribution rights outside the PRC, the revenues the Group derives from those arrangements.
Its cost of revenues includes:
- (1)
- the amortization of the cost of acquiring the distribution right and the participation right; and
- (2)
- the amount that the Group remits to the producers when they are entitled to share the box office sales with the Group based on the distribution arrangement. In the case where the Group produces the film, this amount includes any amount paid by the distribution entities to producing entities within the Group.
The film investment and production segment generates revenues both from external customers and, through inter-segment transactions, from the Group's own distribution entities.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
30. SEGMENT INFORMATION – continued
The film investment and production segment generates revenues from external customers where the Group invests in a film but does not act as the principal distributor. For films in which the Group acquires all or part of the copyright, these include revenues from the sale of distribution rights and licensing fees to third-party distributors. For films in which the Group does not acquire any copyright, these include revenues from the Group's share of the net profit from distribution agreements with third-party producers.
Revenue from internal customers comprises revenues received from the distribution entities within the Group who distribute the film.
Its cost of revenues includes the amortization of production costs.
The talent agency segment generates revenues from external customers for its talent agency related business. The movie theater segment generates admissions and concession revenues at the box office from external customer, and other revenues which primarily consist of screen advertising revenues. Its cost of revenue mainly includes film rental costs.
The profitability measure employed by the Group and its CODM for making decisions about allocating resources to segments and assessing segment performance is gross profit less film participation expense. Segments follow the same accounting policies as those described in Note 2.
The Group's CODM does not assign assets to these segments. Currently, it is not practical to show assets by reportable segments.
The following table presents selected financial information relating to the Group's segments:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, 2010 | |
---|
| | Film distribution | | Film investment and production | | Talent agency | | Movie theater | | Intersegment elimination | | Consolidated | |
---|
Revenues from external customers | | | 36,260,981 | | | 3,089,161 | | | 2,136,451 | | | 11,333,193 | | | — | | | 52,819,786 | |
Intersegment revenues | | | 279,560 | | | 17,211,668 | | | — | | | — | | | (17,491,228 | ) | | — | |
Cost of revenues | | | (22,129,328 | ) | | (15,375,079 | ) | | (1,172,549 | ) | | (5,316,125 | ) | | 17,491,228 | | | (26,501,853 | ) |
Film participation expenses | | | — | | | (696,101 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (696,101 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment profit | | | 14,411,213 | | | 4,229,649 | | | 963,902 | | | 6,017,068 | | | — | | | 25,621,832 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
30. SEGMENT INFORMATION – continued
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, 2011 | |
---|
| | Film distribution | | Film investment and production | | Talent agency | | Movie theater | | Intersegment elimination | | Consolidated | |
---|
Revenues from external customers | | | 92,598,838 | | | 6,176,820 | | | 1,349,186 | | | 26,036,426 | | | — | | | 126,161,270 | |
Intersegment revenues | | | 2,246,219 | | | 44,298,547 | | | — | | | — | | | (46,544,766 | ) | | — | |
Cost of revenues | | | (57,979,720 | ) | | (43,480,636 | ) | | (117,487 | ) | | (11,425,140 | ) | | 46,544,766 | | | (66,458,217 | ) |
Film participation expenses | | | — | | | (321,100 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (321,100 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment profit | | | 36,865,337 | | | 6,673,631 | | | 1,231,699 | | | 14,611,286 | | | — | | | 59,381,953 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, 2012 | |
---|
| | Film distribution | | Film investment and production | | Talent agency | | Movie theater | | Intersegment elimination | | Consolidated | |
---|
Revenues from external customers | | | 62,929,581 | | | 37,022,215 | | | 610,707 | | | 41,720,416 | | | — | | | 142,282,919 | |
Intersegment revenues | | | 1,135,944 | | | 36,708,717 | | | — | | | — | | | (37,844,661 | ) | | — | |
Cost of revenues | | | (38,937,435 | ) | | (66,875,543 | ) | | (24,097 | ) | | (18,092,632 | ) | | 37,844,661 | | | (86,085,046 | ) |
Film participation expenses | | | — | | | (438,636 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (438,636 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment profit | | | 25,128,090 | | | 6,416,753 | | | 586,610 | | | 23,627,784 | | | — | | | 55,759,237 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation from consolidated segment profit to consolidated financial statements:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Consolidated segment profit | | | 25,621,832 | | | 59,381,953 | | | 55,759,237 | |
Sales and marketing | | | (7,213,519 | ) | | (18,506,262 | ) | | (18,490,433 | ) |
General and administrative | | | (9,305,393 | ) | | (28,371,497 | ) | | (41,890,064 | ) |
Government subsidies | | | 88,147 | | | 220,559 | | | 3,866,700 | |
Net interest and exchange loss | | | (377,010 | ) | | 1,406,477 | | | 220,369 | |
Gain on extinguishment of liability | | | 488,799 | | | — | | | — | |
Interest income from TV series investment | | | 856,788 | | | 141,545 | | | — | |
Other income | | | 225,095 | | | 770,081 | | | 288,157 | |
Changes in fair value of derivatives | | | (14,528,000 | ) | | — | | | — | |
Loss on disposal of an equity method investment | | | — | | | — | | | (5,584 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income tax provision | | | (4,143,261 | ) | | 15,042,856 | | | (251,618 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
The Group operates in the PRC and all of the Group's long lived assets are located in the PRC.
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BONA FILM GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2011 AND 2012
(In U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
30. SEGMENT INFORMATION – continued
Revenues, classified by the major geographic areas in which the Group's customers are located (based on the address of the customer who contracted with the Group), were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the years ended December 31, | |
---|
| | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
---|
Revenues from the PRC | | | 47,153,418 | | | 115,478,174 | | | 131,609,354 | |
Revenues from countries other than the PRC | | | 5,666,368 | | | 10,683,096 | | | 10,673,565 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | | 52,819,786 | | | 126,161,270 | | | 142,282,919 | |
| | | | | | | |
31. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
During the first quarter of 2013, the Group drew down an aggregate principal amount of $10,000,000 from a revolving credit line with an overseas commercial bank. The loan is guaranteed by Bona International, with annual interest rate of 3.5%, and will be due on November 20, 2015.
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