Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets, such as the regional and subfranchise agreements, and territory rights, which are not considered to have an indefinite useful life, are amortized over their useful lives as follows:
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Regional agreement | | 10-20 years |
Territory rights | | 25 years 4 months |
Subfranchise agreement | | 8 years 9 months - 38 years 8 months |
In accordance with GAAP, the Company does not amortize indefinite-lived intangible assets such as trademarks. Management evaluates the remaining useful life of an intangible asset that is not being amortized each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. If an intangible asset that is not being amortized is subsequently determined to have a finite useful life, it is amortized prospectively over its remaining useful life.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, goodwill, and intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. There were no impairment charges recognized during the six months ended April 30, 2021.
Revenue Recognition
Continuing Franchise Fees and Broker Fees
Revenue is recognized monthly when the fees are earned and collection of the resulting receivable is probable.
Marketing Fund Fees
Marketing fund revenues represent billings collected from franchisees on behalf of the Promotion entities. Marketing Fund fees are recognized monthly when funds are received. Balloon fund revenues are also collected from franchisees and are recognized monthly when received.
Franchise Sale and Other Revenue
Franchise agreements have a term of five or ten years and optional renewal periods of five years depending on contract terms and whether certain conditions are met. Revenue is recognized based on the effective date of a signed franchise or franchise renewal agreement and collection of the resulting receivable is probable. Upon signing the franchise agreement, the Company has no significant continuing obligation and substantially all of the initial services have been performed and other conditions affecting consummation of the sale have been met.
European royalty revenue from P & S 12/7/01, Inc. is recognized monthly when the fees are earned and collection of the resulting receivable is probable.
Advertising
Advertising expenses are recognized in the period incurred and were approximately $2.8 million during the six months ended April 30, 2021.
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests represent the minority stockholders’ and partners’ proportionate share of the equity and earnings of P & S Enterprises, Inc. and RE/MAX Indiana Limited Partnership dba RE/MAX INTEGRA, Midwest. The Company accounts for these non-controlling interests pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) guidance which requires non-controlling interests in subsidiaries to be included in the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The guidance further requires net income (loss) related to non-controlling interests to be separately reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Income Taxes
The Company is subject to United States taxation and files a consolidated federal tax return including the operations of its subsidiaries.