Loan Receivables and Allowance for Loan Losses | LOAN RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES ($ in millions) September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Credit cards $ 67,858 $ 65,773 Consumer installment loans 1,361 1,154 Commercial credit products 1,385 1,323 Other 40 40 Total loan receivables, before allowance for losses (a)(b) $ 70,644 $ 68,290 _______________________ (a) Total loan receivables include $23.1 billion and $25.5 billion of restricted loans of consolidated securitization entities at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. See Note 5. Variable Interest Entities for further information on these restricted loans. (b) At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , loan receivables included deferred expense, net of deferred income, of $72 million and $63 million , respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses ($ in millions) Balance at Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at Credit cards $ 3,800 $ 964 $ (919 ) $ 172 $ 4,017 Consumer installment loans 39 11 (11 ) 4 43 Commercial credit products 53 12 (13 ) 2 54 Other 2 (1 ) — — $ 1 Total $ 3,894 $ 986 $ (943 ) $ 178 $ 4,115 ($ in millions) Balance at Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at September 30, 2015 Credit cards $ 3,229 $ 691 $ (765 ) $ 147 $ 3,302 Consumer installment loans 23 6 (8 ) 2 23 Commercial credit products 49 5 (11 ) 2 45 Other 1 — — — $ 1 Total $ 3,302 $ 702 $ (784 ) $ 151 $ 3,371 ($ in millions) Balance at January 1, 2016 Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at Credit cards $ 3,420 $ 2,836 $ (2,820 ) $ 581 $ 4,017 Consumer installment loans 26 38 (31 ) 10 43 Commercial credit products 50 36 (39 ) 7 54 Other 1 — — — $ 1 Total $ 3,497 $ 2,910 $ (2,890 ) $ 598 $ 4,115 ($ in millions) Balance at January 1, 2015 Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at Credit cards $ 3,169 $ 2,083 $ (2,413 ) $ 463 $ 3,302 Consumer installment loans 22 15 (24 ) 10 23 Commercial credit products 45 30 (35 ) 5 45 Other — 1 — — 1 Total $ 3,236 $ 2,129 $ (2,472 ) $ 478 $ 3,371 Delinquent and Non-accrual Loans At September 30, 2016 ($ in millions) 30-89 days delinquent 90 or more days delinquent Total past due 90 or more days delinquent and accruing Total non-accruing Credit cards $ 1,624 $ 1,315 $ 2,939 $ 1,315 $ — Consumer installment loans 18 3 21 — 3 Commercial credit products 32 16 48 16 — Total delinquent loans $ 1,674 $ 1,334 $ 3,008 $ 1,331 $ 3 Percentage of total loan receivables (a) 2.4 % 1.9 % 4.3 % 1.9 % — % At December 31, 2015 ($ in millions) 30-89 days delinquent 90 or more days delinquent Total past due 90 or more days delinquent and accruing Total non-accruing Credit cards $ 1,451 $ 1,257 $ 2,708 $ 1,257 $ — Consumer installment loans 16 3 19 — 3 Commercial credit products 32 13 45 13 — Total delinquent loans $ 1,499 $ 1,273 $ 2,772 $ 1,270 $ 3 Percentage of total loan receivables (a) 2.2 % 1.9 % 4.1 % 1.9 % — % ______________________ (a) Percentages are calculated based on period-end balances. Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings Most of our non-accrual loan receivables are smaller balance loans evaluated collectively, by portfolio, for impairment and therefore are outside the scope of the disclosure requirements for impaired loans. Accordingly, impaired loans represent restructured smaller balance homogeneous loans meeting the definition of a Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”). We use certain loan modification programs for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These loan modification programs include interest rate reductions and payment deferrals in excess of three months, which were not part of the terms of the original contract. We have both internal and external loan modification programs. The internal loan modification programs include both temporary and permanent programs. For our credit card customers, the temporary hardship program primarily consists of a reduced minimum payment and an interest rate reduction, both lasting for a period no longer than 12 months. The permanent workout program involves changing the structure of the loan to a fixed payment loan with a maturity no longer than 60 months and reducing the interest rate on the loan. The permanent program does not normally provide for the forgiveness of unpaid principal but may allow for the reversal of certain unpaid interest or fee assessments. We also make loan modifications for customers who request financial assistance through external sources, such as consumer credit counseling agency programs. These loans typically receive a reduced interest rate but continue to be subject to the original minimum payment terms and do not normally include waiver of unpaid principal, interest or fees. The following table provides information on loans that entered a loan modification program during the periods presented: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2016 2015 2016 2015 Credit cards $ 164 $ 135 $ 415 $ 362 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 1 1 2 4 Total $ 165 $ 136 $ 417 $ 366 Our allowance for loan losses on TDRs is generally measured based on the difference between the recorded loan receivable and the present value of the expected future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate of the loan. Interest income from loans accounted for as TDRs is accounted for in the same manner as other accruing loans. The following table provides information about loans classified as TDRs and specific reserves. We do not evaluate credit card loans for impairment on an individual basis but instead estimate an allowance for loan losses on a collective basis. As a result, there are no impaired loans for which there is no allowance. At September 30, 2016 ($ in millions) Total recorded investment Related allowance Net recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Credit cards $ 810 $ (281 ) $ 529 $ 713 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 6 (3 ) 3 6 Total $ 816 $ (284 ) $ 532 $ 719 At December 31, 2015 ($ in millions) Total recorded investment Related allowance Net recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Credit cards $ 756 $ (256 ) $ 500 $ 659 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 7 (3 ) 4 6 Total $ 763 $ (259 ) $ 504 $ 665 Financial Effects of TDRs As part of our loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, we may provide multiple concessions to minimize our economic loss and improve long-term loan performance and collectability. The following table presents the types and financial effects of loans modified and accounted for as TDRs during the periods presented: Three months ended September 30, 2016 2015 ($ in millions) Interest income recognized during period when loans were impaired Interest income that would have been recorded with original terms Average recorded investment Interest income recognized during period when loans were impaired Interest income that would have been recorded with original terms Average recorded investment Credit cards $ 12 $ 45 $ 793 $ 12 $ 38 $ 721 Consumer installment loans — — — — — — Commercial credit products — 1 6 — — 7 Total $ 12 $ 46 $ 799 $ 12 $ 38 $ 728 Nine months ended September 30, 2016 2015 ($ in millions) Interest income recognized during period when loans were impaired Interest income that would have been recorded with original terms Average recorded investment Interest income recognized during period when loans were impaired Interest income that would have been recorded with original terms Average recorded investment Credit cards $ 36 $ 130 $ 778 $ 37 $ 110 $ 718 Consumer installment loans — — — — — — Commercial credit products — 1 6 — 1 8 Total $ 36 $ 131 $ 784 $ 37 $ 111 $ 726 Payment Defaults The following table presents the type, number and amount of loans accounted for as TDRs that enrolled in a modification plan within the previous 12 months and experienced a payment default during the periods presented. A customer defaults from a modification program after two consecutive missed payments. Three months ended September 30, 2016 2015 ($ in millions) Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Credit cards 14,779 $ 30 12,406 $ 24 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 34 — 49 1 Total 14,813 $ 30 12,455 $ 25 Nine months ended September 30, 2016 2015 ($ in millions) Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Credit cards 29,982 $ 61 24,692 $ 49 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 82 — 91 1 Total 30,064 $ 61 24,783 $ 50 Credit Quality Indicators Our loan receivables portfolio includes both secured and unsecured loans. Secured loan receivables are largely comprised of consumer installment loans secured by equipment. Unsecured loan receivables are largely comprised of our open-ended consumer and commercial revolving credit card loans. As part of our credit risk management activities, on an ongoing basis, we assess overall credit quality by reviewing information related to the performance of a customer’s account with us, as well as information from credit bureaus, such as a Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) or other credit scores, relating to the customer’s broader credit performance. FICO scores are generally obtained at origination of the account and are refreshed, at a minimum quarterly, but could be as often as weekly, to assist in predicting customer behavior. We categorize these credit scores into the following three credit score categories: (i) 661 or higher, which are considered the strongest credits; (ii) 601 to 660, considered moderate credit risk; and (iii) 600 or less, which are considered weaker credits. There are certain customer accounts for which a FICO score is not available where we use alternative sources to assess their credit and predict behavior. The following table provides the most recent FICO scores available for our customers at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, as a percentage of each class of loan receivable. The table below excludes 0.8% and 0.9% of our total loan receivables balances at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, which represents those customer accounts for which a FICO score is not available. September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 661 or 601 to 600 or 661 or 601 to 600 or higher 660 less higher 660 less Credit cards 72.8 % 19.8 % 7.4 % 73.0 % 19.8 % 7.2 % Consumer installment loans 78.3 % 16.2 % 5.5 % 77.7 % 16.6 % 5.7 % Commercial credit products 87.0 % 8.5 % 4.5 % 86.8 % 8.7 % 4.5 % Unfunded Lending Commitments We manage the potential risk in credit commitments by limiting the total amount of credit, both by individual customer and in total, by monitoring the size and maturity of our portfolios and by applying the same credit standards for all of our credit products. Unused credit card lines available to our customers totaled approximately $343 billion and $322 billion at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. While these amounts represented the total available unused credit card lines, we have not experienced and do not anticipate that all of our customers will access their entire available line at any given point in time. Interest Income by Product The following table provides additional information about our interest and fees on loans from our loan receivables, including held for sale: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2016 2015 2016 2015 Credit cards $ 3,705 $ 3,315 $ 10,573 $ 9,500 Consumer installment loans 31 27 86 78 Commercial credit products 35 36 103 106 Other — 1 1 1 Total $ 3,771 $ 3,379 $ 10,763 $ 9,685 |