Loan Receivables and Allowance for Loan Losses | LOAN RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES ($ in millions) September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Credit cards $ 79,788 $ 89,994 Consumer installment loans 2,050 1,845 Commercial credit products 1,317 1,260 Other 52 40 Total loan receivables, before allowance for losses (a)(b) $ 83,207 $ 93,139 _______________________ (a) Total loan receivables include $27.0 billion and $28.2 billion of restricted loans of consolidated securitization entities at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. See Note 5. Variable Interest Entities for further information on these restricted loans. (b) At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , loan receivables included deferred costs, net of deferred income, of $110 million and $105 million , respectively. Loan Receivables Held for Sale During the first quarter of 2019, we entered into an agreement to sell loan receivables associated with our Retail Card program agreement with Walmart. As a result, at September 30, 2019 , $8.2 billion of loan receivables are classified as loan receivables held for sale on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and we recorded a $522 million reserve release in our provision for loan losses in the first quarter of 2019 following the reclassification of the Walmart portfolio to loan receivables held for sale. At September 30, 2019 , approximately $1.1 billion of the loan receivables held for sale are restricted loans of our consolidated securitization entities. See Note 5. Variable Interest Entities for further information. On October 11, 2019, we completed our sale of $8.2 billion of loan receivables associated with our Retail Card program agreement with Walmart. Allowance for Loan Losses ($ in millions) Balance at July 1, 2019 Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at Credit cards $ 5,702 $ 993 $ (1,422 ) $ 225 $ 5,498 Consumer installment loans 50 18 (16 ) 4 56 Commercial credit products 55 9 (14 ) 2 52 Other 2 (1 ) — — 1 Total $ 5,809 $ 1,019 $ (1,452 ) $ 231 $ 5,607 ($ in millions) Balance at July 1, 2018 Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at Credit cards $ 5,757 $ 1,427 $ (1,269 ) $ 202 $ 6,117 Consumer installment loans 51 9 (13 ) 4 51 Commercial credit products 50 15 (13 ) 2 54 Other 1 — — — 1 Total $ 5,859 $ 1,451 $ (1,295 ) $ 208 $ 6,223 ($ in millions) Balance at January 1, 2019 Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at Credit cards $ 6,327 $ 2,994 $ (4,584 ) $ 761 $ 5,498 Consumer installment loans 44 46 (47 ) 13 56 Commercial credit products 55 35 (43 ) 5 52 Other 1 1 (1 ) — 1 Total $ 6,427 $ 3,076 $ (4,675 ) $ 779 $ 5,607 ($ in millions) Balance at January 1, 2018 Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at Credit cards $ 5,483 $ 4,016 $ (4,016 ) $ 634 $ 6,117 Consumer installment loans 40 39 (40 ) 12 51 Commercial credit products 50 38 (39 ) 5 54 Other 1 — — — 1 Total $ 5,574 $ 4,093 $ (4,095 ) $ 651 $ 6,223 Delinquent and Non-accrual Loans At September 30, 2019 ($ in millions) 30-89 days delinquent 90 or more days delinquent Total past due 90 or more days delinquent and accruing Total non-accruing (a) Credit cards $ 1,935 $ 1,703 $ 3,638 $ 1,700 $ — Consumer installment loans 29 5 34 — 5 Commercial credit products 36 15 51 15 — Total delinquent loans $ 2,000 $ 1,723 $ 3,723 $ 1,715 $ 5 Percentage of total loan receivables 2.4 % 2.1 % 4.5 % 2.1 % — % At December 31, 2018 ($ in millions) 30-89 days delinquent 90 or more days delinquent Total past due 90 or more days delinquent and accruing Total non-accruing (a) Credit cards $ 2,229 $ 2,113 $ 4,342 $ 2,099 $ — Consumer installment loans 28 5 33 — 5 Commercial credit products 38 17 55 17 — Total delinquent loans $ 2,295 $ 2,135 $ 4,430 $ 2,116 $ 5 Percentage of total loan receivables 2.5 % 2.3 % 4.8 % 2.3 % 0.1 % _______________________ (a) Excludes purchase credit impaired loan receivables. Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings Most of our non-accrual loan receivables are smaller balance loans evaluated collectively, by portfolio, for impairment and therefore are outside the scope of the disclosure requirements for impaired loans. Accordingly, impaired loans represent restructured smaller balance homogeneous loans meeting the definition of a Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”). We use certain loan modification programs for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These loan modification programs include interest rate reductions and payment deferrals in excess of three months, which were not part of the terms of the original contract. Our TDR loans do not include loans that are classified as loan receivables held for sale. We have both internal and external loan modification programs. We use long-term modification programs for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as a loss mitigation strategy to improve long-term collectability of the loans that are classified as TDRs. The long-term program involves changing the structure of the loan to a fixed payment loan with a maturity no longer than 60 months and reducing the interest rate on the loan. The long-term program does not normally provide for the forgiveness of unpaid principal but may allow for the reversal of certain unpaid interest or fee assessments. We also make loan modifications for customers who request financial assistance through external sources, such as consumer credit counseling agency programs. These loans typically receive a reduced interest rate but continue to be subject to the original minimum payment terms and do not normally include waiver of unpaid principal, interest or fees. The following table provides information on loans that entered a loan modification program during the periods presented: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2019 2018 2019 2018 Credit cards $ 226 $ 227 $ 633 $ 644 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 1 1 3 3 Total $ 227 $ 228 $ 636 $ 647 Our allowance for loan losses on TDRs is generally measured based on the difference between the recorded loan receivable and the present value of the expected future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate of the loan. Interest income from loans accounted for as TDRs is accounted for in the same manner as other accruing loans. The following table provides information about loans classified as TDRs and specific reserves. We do not evaluate credit card loans for impairment on an individual basis but instead estimate an allowance for loan losses on a collective basis. As a result, there are no impaired loans for which there is no allowance. At September 30, 2019 ($ in millions) Total recorded investment Related allowance Net recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Credit cards $ 1,088 $ (513 ) $ 575 $ 985 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 4 (2 ) 2 4 Total $ 1,092 $ (515 ) $ 577 $ 989 At December 31, 2018 ($ in millions) Total recorded investment Related allowance Net recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Credit cards $ 1,203 $ (546 ) $ 657 $ 1,086 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 4 (2 ) 2 4 Total $ 1,207 $ (548 ) $ 659 $ 1,090 Financial Effects of TDRs As part of our loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, we may provide multiple concessions to minimize our economic loss and improve long-term loan performance and collectability. The following table presents the types and financial effects of loans modified and accounted for as TDRs during the periods presented: Three months ended September 30, 2019 2018 ($ in millions) Interest income recognized during period when loans were impaired Interest income that would have been recorded with original terms Average recorded investment Interest income recognized during period when loans were impaired Interest income that would have been recorded with original terms Average recorded investment Credit cards $ 11 $ 67 $ 1,074 $ 13 $ 67 $ 1,122 Consumer installment loans — — — — — — Commercial credit products — 1 4 — 1 5 Total $ 11 $ 68 $ 1,078 $ 13 $ 68 $ 1,127 Nine months ended September 30, 2019 2018 ($ in millions) Interest income recognized during period when loans were impaired Interest income that would have been recorded with original terms Average recorded investment Interest income recognized during period when loans were impaired Interest income that would have been recorded with original terms Average recorded investment Credit cards $ 33 $ 197 $ 1,103 $ 37 $ 194 $ 1,089 Consumer installment loans — — — — — — Commercial credit products — 1 4 — 1 5 Total $ 33 $ 198 $ 1,107 $ 37 $ 195 $ 1,094 Payment Defaults The following table presents the type, number and amount of loans accounted for as TDRs that enrolled in a modification plan within the previous 12 months from the applicable balance sheet date and experienced a payment default during the periods presented. A customer defaults from a modification program after two consecutive missed payments. Three months ended September 30, 2019 2018 ($ in millions) Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Credit cards 15,059 $ 37 18,719 $ 43 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 40 — 74 — Total 15,099 $ 37 18,793 $ 43 Nine months ended September 30, 2019 2018 ($ in millions) Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Credit cards 36,529 $ 88 43,361 $ 101 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 80 1 340 1 Total 36,609 $ 89 43,701 $ 102 Credit Quality Indicators Our loan receivables portfolio includes both secured and unsecured loans. Secured loan receivables are largely comprised of consumer installment loans secured by equipment. Unsecured loan receivables are largely comprised of our open-ended consumer and commercial revolving credit card loans. As part of our credit risk management activities, on an ongoing basis, we assess overall credit quality by reviewing information related to the performance of a customer’s account with us, as well as information from credit bureaus, such as a Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) or other credit scores, relating to the customer’s broader credit performance. FICO scores are generally obtained at origination of the account and are refreshed, at a minimum quarterly, but could be as often as weekly, to assist in predicting customer behavior. We categorize these credit scores into the following three credit score categories: (i) 661 or higher, which are considered the strongest credits; (ii) 601 to 660, considered moderate credit risk; and (iii) 600 or less, which are considered weaker credits. There are certain customer accounts for which a FICO score is not available where we use alternative sources to assess their credit and predict behavior. The following table provides the most recent FICO scores available for our customers at September 30, 2019 , December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 , respectively, as a percentage of each class of loan receivable. The table below excludes 0.9% , 0.5% and 0.5% of our total loan receivables balance at each of September 30, 2019 , December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 , respectively, which represents those customer accounts for which a FICO score is not available. September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 September 30, 2018 661 or 601 to 600 or 661 or 601 to 600 or 661 or 601 to 600 or higher 660 less higher 660 less higher 660 less Credit cards 75 % 19 % 6 % 74 % 18 % 8 % 74 % 18 % 8 % Consumer installment loans 80 % 14 % 6 % 80 % 14 % 6 % 81 % 14 % 5 % Commercial credit products 91 % 5 % 4 % 90 % 5 % 5 % 91 % 5 % 4 % Unfunded Lending Commitments We manage the potential risk in credit commitments by limiting the total amount of credit, both by individual customer and in total, by monitoring the size and maturity of our portfolios and by applying the same credit standards for all of our credit products. Unused credit card lines available to our customers totaled approximately $435 billion and $418 billion at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. While these amounts represented the total available unused credit card lines, we have not experienced and do not anticipate that all of our customers will access their entire available line at any given point in time. Interest Income by Product The following table provides additional information about our interest and fees on loans, including merchant discounts, from our loan receivables, including held for sale: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2019 2018 2019 2018 Credit cards $ 4,807 $ 4,538 $ 13,975 $ 12,647 Consumer installment loans 48 41 134 114 Commercial credit products 35 37 103 107 Other — 1 1 2 Total $ 4,890 $ 4,617 $ 14,213 $ 12,870 |