Loan Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses | LOAN RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ($ in millions) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Credit cards $ 94,008 $ 97,043 Consumer installment loans 6,125 3,977 Commercial credit products 1,936 1,839 Other 124 129 Total loan receivables, before allowance for credit losses (a)(b)(c) $ 102,193 $ 102,988 _______________________ (a) Total loan receivables include $21.2 billion and $21.4 billion of restricted loans of consolidated securitization entities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 6. Variable Interest Entities for further information on these restricted loans. (b) At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loan receivables included deferred costs, net of purchase discounts and deferred income, of $(251) million and $213 million, respectively. (c) At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $21.2 billion and $22.4 billion, respectively, of loan receivables were pledged by the Bank as collateral to the Federal Reserve to secure Federal Reserve discount window advances. Allowance for Credit Losses (a)(b) ($ in millions) Balance at Provision charged to operations (c) Gross charge-offs Recoveries Other Balance at Credit cards $ 10,255 $ 1,460 $ (1,720) $ 291 $ — $ 10,286 Consumer installment loans 602 99 (100) 11 — 612 Commercial credit products 123 41 (37) 2 — 129 Other 2 — — — — 2 Total $ 10,982 $ 1,600 $ (1,857) $ 304 $ — $ 11,029 ($ in millions) Balance at Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at Credit cards $ 9,464 $ 1,357 $ (1,265) $ 225 $ 9,781 Consumer installment loans 221 92 (59) 10 264 Commercial credit products 112 38 (28) 2 124 Other 7 1 (1) — 7 Total $ 9,804 $ 1,488 $ (1,353) $ 237 $ 10,176 ($ in millions) Balance at Provision charged to operations (c) Gross charge-offs Recoveries Other (d) Balance at Credit cards $ 10,156 $ 4,515 $ (5,313) $ 921 $ 7 $ 10,286 Consumer installment loans 279 557 (297) 34 39 612 Commercial credit products 131 101 (109) 6 — 129 Other 5 (2) (1) — — 2 Total $ 10,571 $ 5,171 $ (5,720) $ 961 $ 46 $ 11,029 ($ in millions) Balance at Impact of ASU 2022-02 Adoption Post-Adoption Balance at January 1, 2023 Provision charged to operations Gross charge-offs Recoveries Balance at Credit cards $ 9,225 $ (294) $ 8,931 $ 3,853 $ (3,697) $ 694 $ 9,781 Consumer installment loans 208 1 209 182 (148) 21 264 Commercial credit products 87 (1) 85 126 (93) 6 124 Other 7 — 8 — (1) — 7 Total $ 9,527 $ (294) $ 9,233 $ 4,161 $ (3,939) $ 721 $ 10,176 _______________________ (a) The allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2024 and 2023 reflects our estimate of expected credit losses for the life of the loan receivables on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at September 30, 2024 and 2023 which includes the consideration of current and expected macroeconomic conditions that existed at those dates. (b) Excluded from the table above are allowance for credit losses for loan receivables acquired and immediately written off within the period presented. (c) Provision for credit losses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 also includes amounts associated with off-balance sheet credit exposures recorded in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. (d) Primarily represents allowance for credit losses for PCD assets. The reasonable and supportable forecast period used in our estimate of credit losses at September 30, 2024 was 12 months, consistent with the forecast period utilized since the adoption of CECL. Beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, we revert to historical loss information at the loan receivables segment level over a 6-month period, gradually increasing the weight of historical losses by an equal amount each month during the reversion period, and utilize historical loss information thereafter for the remaining life of the portfolio. The reversion period and methodology remain unchanged since the adoption of CECL. Losses on loan receivables, including those which are modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, are estimated and recognized upon origination of the loan, based on expected credit losses for the life of the loan balance at September 30, 2024. Expected credit loss estimates are developed using both quantitative models and qualitative adjustments, and incorporates a macroeconomic forecast, as described within Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our 2023 annual consolidated financial statements within our 2023 Form 10-K. The current and forecasted economic conditions at the balance sheet date influenced our current estimate of expected credit losses, which reflects our expectations of the macroeconomic environment. There have been no significant changes in our overall expectation of credit losses during the current quarterly period. We continued to experience a decrease in payment rates from the second quarter and have also experienced an increase in net charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the prior year period. These conditions are reflected in our current estimate of expected credit losses. Our allowance for credit losses increased to $11.0 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily reflecting these conditions and the impact of the Ally Lending acquisition. See Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our 2023 annual consolidated financial statements within our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on our significant accounting policies related to our allowance for credit losses. Delinquent and Non-accrual Loans The following table provides information on our delinquent and non-accrual loans: At September 30, 2024 ($ in millions) 30-89 days delinquent 90 or more days delinquent Total past due 90 or more days delinquent and accruing Total non-accruing Credit cards $ 2,318 $ 2,298 $ 4,616 $ 2,298 $ — Consumer installment loans 134 40 174 — 40 Commercial credit products 49 44 93 44 — Total delinquent loans $ 2,501 $ 2,382 $ 4,883 $ 2,342 $ 40 Percentage of total loan receivables 2.4 % 2.3 % 4.8 % 2.3 % — % At December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) 30-89 days delinquent 90 or more days delinquent Total past due 90 or more days delinquent and accruing Total non-accruing Credit cards $ 2,375 $ 2,290 $ 4,665 $ 2,290 $ — Consumer installment loans 96 23 119 — 23 Commercial credit products 61 40 101 40 — Total delinquent loans $ 2,532 $ 2,353 $ 4,885 $ 2,330 $ 23 Percentage of total loan receivables 2.5 % 2.3 % 4.7 % 2.3 % — % Credit Quality Indicators Our loan receivables portfolio includes both secured and unsecured loans. Secured loan receivables are largely comprised of consumer installment loans secured by equipment. Unsecured loan receivables are largely comprised of our open-ended consumer and commercial revolving credit card loans. As part of our credit risk management activities, on an ongoing basis, we assess overall credit quality by reviewing information related to the performance of a customer’s account with us, including delinquency information, as well as information from credit bureaus relating to the customer’s broader credit performance. We utilize VantageScore credit scores to assist in our assessment of credit quality. VantageScore credit scores are obtained at origination of the account and are refreshed, at a minimum quarterly, but could be as often as weekly, to assist in predicting customer behavior. We categorize these credit scores into the following three credit score categories: (i) 651 or higher, which are considered the strongest credits; (ii) 591 to 650, considered moderate credit risk; and (iii) 590 or less, which are considered weaker credits. There are certain customer accounts, including for our commercial credit products, for which a VantageScore credit score may not be available where we use alternative sources to assess their credit quality and predict behavior. The following table provides the most recent VantageScore credit scores, or equivalent, available for our revolving credit card and commercial credit product customers at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, as a percentage of each class of loan receivable. The table below excludes 0.3% of our total loan receivables balance for our credit cards and commercial credit products at each of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, which represents those customer accounts for which a VantageScore credit score, or equivalent, is not available. September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 September 30, 2023 651 or 591 to 590 or 651 or 591 to 590 or 651 or 591 to 590 or higher 650 less higher 650 less higher 650 less Credit cards 72 % 19 % 9 % 72 % 19 % 9 % 73 % 19 % 8 % Commercial credit products 83 % 7 % 10 % 83 % 10 % 7 % 86 % 7 % 7 % Consumer Installment Loans Delinquency trends are the primary credit quality indicator for our consumer installment loans, which we use to monitor credit quality and risk within the portfolio. The tables below include information on our consumer installment loans by origination year. The amounts for the current year period include information related to loan receivables associated with the Ally Lending acquisition. See Note 3. Acquisitions and Dispositions for additional information. Consumer Installment Loans by Origination Year By origination year At September 30, 2024 ($ in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Amortized cost basis $ 2,269 $ 1,997 $ 1,129 $ 484 $ 201 $ 45 $ 6,125 30-89 days delinquent $ 34 $ 47 $ 32 $ 14 $ 6 $ 1 $ 134 90 or more days delinquent $ 10 $ 14 $ 11 $ 4 $ 1 $ — $ 40 By origination year At December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Amortized cost basis $ 2,097 $ 931 $ 541 $ 312 $ 69 $ 27 $ 3,977 30-89 days delinquent $ 44 $ 25 $ 15 $ 9 $ 2 $ 1 $ 96 90 or more days delinquent $ 11 $ 6 $ 4 $ 2 $ — $ — $ 23 Gross Charge-offs for Consumer Installment Loans by Origination Year By origination year For the nine months ended ($ in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total September 30, 2024 $ 23 $ 135 $ 87 $ 35 $ 13 $ 4 $ 297 September 30, 2023 $ — $ 29 $ 66 $ 32 $ 15 $ 6 $ 148 Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 at January 1, 2023 on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. The new guidance is applicable for all loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties since January 1, 2023. See Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Credit Losses - Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty within our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on our significant accounting policies related to loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The following table provides information on our loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the periods presented, which do not include loans that are classified as loan receivables held for sale: Three months ended September 30 2024 2023 ($ in millions) Amount (a) % of Total Class of Loan Receivables Amount % of Total Class of Loan Receivables Long-term modifications Credit cards $ 442 0.5 % $ 412 0.4 % Consumer installment loans — — % — — % Commercial credit products 3 0.2 % 1 0.1 % Short-term modifications Credit cards 231 0.2 % 163 0.2 % Consumer installment loans — — % — — % Commercial credit products — — % — — % Total $ 676 0.7 % $ 576 0.6 % Nine months ended September 30 2024 2023 ($ in millions) Amount (a) % of Total Class of Loan Receivables Amount % of Total Class of Loan Receivables Long-term modifications Credit cards $ 1,322 1.4 % $ 1,134 1.2 % Consumer installment loans — — % — — % Commercial credit products 7 0.4 % 4 0.2 % Short-term modifications Credit cards 704 0.7 % 440 0.5 % Consumer installment loans — — % — — % Commercial credit products 1 — % — — % Total $ 2,034 2.0 % $ 1,578 1.6 % _______________________ (a) Represents balance at enrollment date. Long-term and short-term loan modifications made to borrowers for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 had amortized cost balances at September 30, 2024 of $1.1 billion and $149 million, respectively. Financial Effects of Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty As part of our loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, we may provide multiple concessions to minimize our economic loss and improve long-term loan performance and collectability. For long-term modifications made in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the financial effect of these modifications reduced the weighted-average interest rates by 97% for all periods presented. For short-term modifications made in the three months ended September 30 2024 and 2023, unpaid balances of $15 million and $10 million, respectively, were forgiven. For short-term modifications made in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, unpaid balances of $216 million and $123 million, respectively, were forgiven. Additionally, beginning in the three months ended September 30, 2024, for borrowers that enroll in our short-term loan modification programs, we no longer charge interest and penalty fees during the term of the program. Performance of Loans Modified to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The following tables provide information on the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty which have been modified within the previous 12 months and remain in a modification program at September 30, 2024. For the comparative period, amounts represent loans that were modified subsequent to January 1, 2023 and remained in a modification program at September 30, 2023: Amortized cost basis At September 30, 2024 ($ in millions) Current 30-89 days delinquent 90 or more days delinquent Total past due (a) Long-term modifications Credit cards $ 1,002 $ 178 $ 132 $ 310 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 3 1 1 2 Short-term modifications Credit cards 72 38 39 77 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products — — — — Total delinquent modified loans $ 1,077 $ 217 $ 172 $ 389 Percentage of total loan receivables 1.1 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.4 % Amortized cost basis At September 30, 2023 ($ in millions) Current 30-89 days delinquent 90 or more days delinquent Total past due (a) Long-term modifications Credit cards $ 655 $ 150 $ 118 $ 268 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 2 1 1 2 Short-term modifications Credit cards 40 28 39 67 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products — — — — Total delinquent modified loans $ 697 $ 179 $ 158 $ 337 Percentage of total loan receivables 0.7 % 0.2 % 0.1 % 0.3 % ___________________ (a) Once a loan has been modified, it only returns to current status (re-aged) after three consecutive monthly program payments are received post the modification date. Payment Defaults The following table presents the type, number and amount of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that enrolled in a long-term modification program within the previous 12 months from September 30, 2024, or between January 1, 2023 and September 30, 2023 for the comparative period, and experienced a payment default and charged-off during the period presented: Three months ended September 30 2024 2023 ($ in millions, accounts in thousands) Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Credit cards 43 $ 116 31 $ 77 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products — 1 — 1 Total 43 $ 117 31 $ 78 Nine months ended September 30 2024 2023 ($ in millions, accounts in thousands) Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Accounts defaulted Loans defaulted Credit cards 96 $ 259 51 $ 122 Consumer installment loans — — — — Commercial credit products 1 2 — 1 Total 97 $ 261 51 $ 123 Of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that enrolled in a short-term modification program within the previous 12 months from September 30, 2024, or between January 1, 2023 and September 30, 2023 for the comparative period, 60% and 50% had fully completed all required payments and successfully exited the program during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Unfunded Lending Commitments We manage the potential risk in credit commitments by limiting the total amount of credit, both by individual customer and in total, by monitoring the size and maturity of our portfolios and by applying the same credit standards for all of our credit products. Unused credit card lines available to our customers totaled approximately $432 billion and $427 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. While these amounts represented the total available unused credit card lines, we have not experienced and do not anticipate that all of our customers will access their entire available line at any given point in time. Interest Income by Product The following table provides additional information about our interest and fees on loans, including merchant discounts, from our loan receivables, including held for sale: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Credit cards (a) $ 5,236 $ 5,003 $ 15,345 $ 14,179 Consumer installment loans 238 108 630 285 Commercial credit products 46 38 134 108 Other 2 2 7 7 Total (b) $ 5,522 $ 5,151 $ 16,116 $ 14,579 _______________________ (a) Interest income on credit cards that was reversed related to accrued interest receivables written off was $551 million and $422 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.7 billion and $1.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (b) Deferred merchant discounts to be recognized in interest income at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was $1.9 billion, respectively, which are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. |