Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. The condensed consolidated financial statements, including the condensed notes thereto, are unaudited and exclude some of the disclosures required in audited financial statements. Management believes it has made all necessary adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring items, so that the condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and that estimates made in preparing the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Company’s subsidiaries, and joint ventures in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts in the Company’s prior period Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations included in interest expense of $39.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 have been reclassified to income from interest rate derivatives to conform to the current period presentation. Additionally, certain amounts in the Company’s prior period Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations included in other income (expense) of $636.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 have been reclassified to income from interest rate derivatives to conform to the current period presentation. Principles of Consolidation The Company consolidates all entities in which it has a controlling financial interest through majority ownership or voting rights and variable interest entities whereby the Company is the primary beneficiary. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, the Company considers whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether it is the primary beneficiary. The Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE when it has (i) the power to direct the most significant activities impacting the economic performance of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits significant to the VIE. Entities that do not qualify as VIEs are generally considered voting interest entities (“VOEs”) and are evaluated for consolidation under the voting interest model. VOEs are consolidated when the Company controls the entity through a majority voting interest or other means. When the requirements for consolidation are not met and the Company has significant influence over the operations of the entity, the investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Investments in unconsolidated entities for which the Company has not elected a fair value option are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for the Company’s pro-rata share of net income, contributions and distributions. When the Company elects the fair value option (“FVO”), the Company records its share of net asset value of the entity and any related unrealized gains and losses. BREIT OP and each of the Company’s joint ventures are considered to be a VIE or VOE. The Company consolidates these entities, excluding certain investments in unconsolidated entities, because it has the ability to direct the most significant activities of the entities such as purchases, dispositions, financings, budgets, and overall operating plans. For consolidated joint ventures, the non-controlling partner’s share of the assets, liabilities, and operations of each joint venture is included in non-controlling interests as equity of the Company. The non-controlling partner’s interest is generally computed as the joint venture partner’s ownership percentage. Certain of the joint ventures formed by the Company provide the other partner a profits interest based on certain internal rate of return hurdles being achieved. Any profits interest due to the other partner is reported within non-controlling interests. The Company owns certain subordinate securities in CMBS securitizations that give the Company certain rights with respect to the underlying loans that serve as collateral for the CMBS securitization. In particular, these subordinate securities typically give the holder the right to direct certain activities of the securitization on behalf of all securityholders, which could impact the securitization's overall economic performance. Such rights, along with the obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits from the ownership of the subordinate securities, require consolidation of these securitizations, which are considered VIEs under GAAP. As of March 31, 2023, the total assets and liabilities of the Company’s consolidated VIEs, excluding BREIT OP, were $51.8 billion and $37.7 billion, respectively, compared to $52.1 billion and $37.8 billion as of December 31, 2022. Such amounts are included on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Adjustment to Prior Period Financial Statements In connection with the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended June 30, 2022, the Company determined that it should have consolidated certain securitization vehicles in previously issued financial statements. These consolidations result from certain subordinate securities that the Company owns in CMBS securitizations (such securities, “Controlling Class Securities”) as part of its portfolio of investments in real estate debt. These Controlling Class Securities typically give the Company the right to direct certain activities of the securitization on behalf of all securityholders, which could impact the securitization's overall economic performance. Under GAAP, the presence of such rights, along with the obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits from the ownership of the Controlling Class Securities, require the Company to consolidate these securitizations, which are considered VIEs. See Principles of Consolidation section above for further discussion of VIEs. As discussed further below, consolidation of these securitizations results in (i) a gross presentation of the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the reclassification of the change in net assets of the securitization vehicles on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, and (iii) the gross presentation of securitization vehicles on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, but has no impact on the economic exposure or performance of the Company. The consolidation of these securitizations results in the inclusion of the underlying collateral loans as assets on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the inclusion of the senior CMBS positions owned by third-parties as liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additionally, the change in net assets of the consolidated securitization vehicles during a given period is presented separately on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, whereas it was previously included in income from investments in real estate debt. The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows includes the consolidation of the securitization vehicles as a non-cash item, the subsequent repayments of consolidated loans and related CMBS positions are presented on a gross basis, and the Company's purchases and sales of non-controlling securities in consolidated securitization vehicles are reclassed from investing activities to financing activities. There is no impact from consolidation on the Company’s total equity, net income, cash flows from operating activities, or net cash flows. Further, the assets of any particular consolidated securitization can only be used to satisfy the liabilities of that securitization and such assets are not available to the Company for any other purpose. Similarly, the senior CMBS obligations of these securitizations can only be satisfied through repayment of the underlying collateral loans, as they do not have any recourse to the Company or its assets, nor has the Company provided any guarantees with respect to the performance or repayment of the senior CMBS obligations. Accordingly, while consolidation of the securitizations increases the gross presentation of the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, it does not change the economic exposure or performance of the Company, which remains limited to that of the actual CMBS securities that it holds directly and not the consolidated securitized loans. The following tables detail the immaterial adjustments to the Company’s previously issued condensed consolidated financial statements to reflect the consolidation of these securitizations at such time, which presentation is comparable to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2023. The following table details the adjustments to the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations ($ in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 As Reported Adjustment As Adjusted Other income (expense) Loss from investments in real estate debt $ (34,044) $ 15,674 $ (18,370) Change in net assets of consolidated securitization vehicles — (15,674) (15,674) Total other income (expense) 583,682 — 583,682 Net Loss $ (96,579) $ — $ (96,579) The following table details the adjustments to the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ($ in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 As Reported Adjustment As Adjusted Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of investments in real estate debt $ (1,483,788) $ 69,527 $ (1,414,261) Proceeds from sale/repayment of investments in real estate debt 452,950 (40,627) 412,323 Proceeds from paydowns of real estate loans held by consolidated securitization vehicles — 444,831 444,831 Net cash used in investing activities (3,453,533) 473,731 (2,979,802) Cash flows from financing activities: Repayment of senior obligations of consolidated securitization vehicles — (473,731) (473,731) Net cash provided by financing activities $ 6,018,292 $ (473,731) $ 5,544,561 Non-cash investing and financing activities: Consolidation of securitization vehicles $ — $ 427,771 $ 427,771 Deconsolidation of securitization vehicles $ — $ — $ — Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may ultimately differ materially from those estimates. Fair Value Measurements Under normal market conditions, the fair value of an investment is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price). The Company uses a hierarchical framework that prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring investments at fair value. Market price observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of investment and the characteristics specific to the investment, and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Investments with readily available actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value. Investments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following levels within the fair value hierarchy: Level 1 — quoted prices are available in active markets for identical investments as of the measurement date. The Company does not adjust the quoted price for these investments. Level 2 — quoted prices are available in markets that are not active or model inputs are based on inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date. Level 3 — pricing inputs are unobservable and include instances where there is minimal, if any, market activity for the investment. These inputs require significant judgment or estimation by management or third parties when determining fair value and generally represent anything that does not meet the criteria of Levels 1 and 2. Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, these values may differ materially from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these investments existed. Valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value The Company’s investments in real estate debt are reported at fair value. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s investments in real estate debt, directly or indirectly, consisted of commercial mortgage backed securities (“CMBS”) and residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), which are securities backed by one or more mortgage loans secured by real estate assets, as well as corporate bonds, term loans, mezzanine loans, and other investments in debt issued by real estate-related companies or secured by real estate assets. The Company generally determines the fair value of its investments in real estate debt by utilizing third-party pricing service providers whenever available. In determining the fair value of a particular investment, pricing service providers may use broker-dealer quotations, reported trades or valuation estimates from their internal pricing models to determine the reported price. The pricing service providers’ internal models for securities such as real estate debt generally consider the attributes applicable to a particular class of the security (e.g., credit rating, seniority), current market data, and estimated cash flows for each security, and incorporate specific collateral performance, as applicable. Certain of the Company’s investments in real estate debt, such as mezzanine loans and other investments, are unlikely to have readily available market quotations. In such cases, the Company will generally determine the initial value based on the acquisition price of such investment if acquired by the Company or the par value of such investment if originated by the Company. Following the initial measurement, the Company will determine fair value by utilizing or reviewing certain of the following (i) market yield data, (ii) discounted cash flow modeling, (iii) collateral asset performance, (iv) local or macro real estate performance, (v) capital market conditions, (vi) debt yield or loan-to-value ratios, and (vii) borrower financial condition and performance. Refer to Note 5 for additional details on the Company’s investments in real estate debt. The Company has elected to apply the measurement alternative under GAAP and measures both the financial assets and financial liabilities of the CMBS securitizations it consolidates using the fair value of the financial liabilities, which it considers more observable than the fair value of the financial assets. The Company’s investments in equity securities of public and private real estate-related companies are reported at fair value. In determining the fair value of public equity securities, the Company utilizes the closing price of such securities in the principal market in which the security trades (Level 1 inputs). The Company’s investment in a preferred equity security is reflected at its fair value as of March 31, 2023 (Level 2 inputs). In determining the fair value, the Company utilizes inputs such as stock volatility, discount rate, and risk-free interest rate. The Company’s investment in a private real estate company is reflected at its fair value as of March 31, 2023 (Level 3 inputs). To determine the fair value, the Company utilizes inputs such as the multiples of comparable companies and select financial statement metrics. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s $0.5 billion of equity securities were recorded as a component of Other Assets on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The resulting unrealized and realized gains and losses from investments in equity securities of public and private real estate-related companies are recorded as a component of Other Expense on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, the Company recognized $3.7 million of net unrealized loss and $125.4 million of net unrealized/realized loss, respectively, on its investments in equity securities. The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its investments in unconsolidated entities and therefore, reports these investments at fair value. The Company separately values the assets and liabilities of the investments in unconsolidated entities. To determine the fair value of the real estate assets of the investments in unconsolidated entities, the Company utilizes a discounted cash flow methodology or market comparable methodology, taking into consideration various factors including discount rate, exit capitalization rate and multiples of comparable companies. The Company determines the fair value of the indebtedness of the investments in unconsolidated entities by modeling the cash flows required by the debt agreements and discounting them back to the present value using weighted average cost of capital. Additionally, the Company considers current market rates and conditions by evaluating similar borrowing agreements with comparable loan-to-value ratios and credit profiles. After the fair value of the assets and liabilities are determined, the Company applies its ownership interest to the net asset value and reflects this amount as its investments in unconsolidated entities at fair value. The inputs used in determining the Company’s investments in unconsolidated entities carried at fair value are considered Level 3. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are reported at fair value. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s derivative financial instruments consisted of foreign currency and interest rate contracts. The fair values of the Company's foreign currency and interest rate contracts were estimated using advice from a third-party derivative specialist, based on contractual cash flows and observable inputs comprising yield curves, foreign currency rates and credit spreads (Level 2 inputs). The following table details the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis ($ in thousands): March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Investments in real estate debt $ — $ 6,355,326 $ 1,465,077 $ 7,820,403 $ — $ 6,460,520 $ 1,541,183 $ 8,001,703 Real estate loans held by consolidated securitization vehicles, at fair value — 16,948,146 — 16,948,146 — 17,030,387 — 17,030,387 Equity securities 53,152 249,199 224,408 526,759 52,512 253,199 224,408 530,119 Investments in unconsolidated entities — — 5,032,399 5,032,399 — — 4,947,251 4,947,251 Interest rate and foreign currency hedging derivatives (1) — 2,249,220 — 2,249,220 — 3,033,595 — 3,033,595 Total $ 53,152 $ 25,801,891 $ 6,721,884 $ 32,576,927 $ 52,512 $ 26,777,701 $ 6,712,842 $ 33,543,055 Liabilities: Senior obligations of consolidated securitization vehicles, at fair value $ — $ 15,214,633 $ — $ 15,214,633 $ — $ 15,288,598 $ — $ 15,288,598 Interest rate and foreign currency hedging derivatives (2) — 50,162 — 50,162 — 50,557 — 50,557 Total $ — $ 15,264,795 $ — $ 15,264,795 $ — $ 15,339,155 $ — $ 15,339,155 (1) Included in Other Assets in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. (2) Included in Other Liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table details the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs ($ in thousands): Investments in Equity Securities Investments in Total Assets Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 1,541,183 $ 224,408 $ 4,947,251 $ 6,712,842 Purchases and contributions 17,775 — 17,975 35,750 Sales and repayments (111,131) — — (111,131) Distributions received — — (8,747) (8,747) Included in net income Income from unconsolidated entities measured at fair value — — 75,920 75,920 Realized income included in income (loss) from investments in real estate debt 583 — — 583 Unrealized gain included in income (loss) from investments in real estate debt 16,667 — — 16,667 Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ 1,465,077 $ 224,408 $ 5,032,399 $ 6,721,884 The following tables contain the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for items categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy ($ in thousands): March 31, 2023 Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs Weighted Average Rate Impact to Valuation from an Increase in Input Assets Investments in real estate loans $ 1,465,077 Yield Method Market Yield 10.1% Decrease Equity securities $ 224,408 Market comparable Enterprise Value/ 18.5x Increase Investments in unconsolidated entities $ 4,493,715 Discounted cash flow Discount Rate 6.8% Decrease Exit Capitalization Rate 5.1% Decrease Weighted Average Cost of Capital 8.8% Decrease $ 538,684 Market comparable LTM EBITDA Multiple 10.8x Increase December 31, 2022 Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs Weighted Average Rate Impact to Valuation from an Increase in Input Assets Investments in real estate loans $ 1,541,183 Yield Method Market Yield 9.6% Decrease Equity securities $ 224,408 Market comparable Enterprise Value/ 18.5x Increase Investments in unconsolidated entities $ 4,399,935 Discounted cash flow Discount Rate 6.8% Decrease Exit Capitalization Rate 4.9% Decrease Weighted Average Cost of Capital 8.3% Decrease $ 547,316 Market comparable LTM EBITDA Multiple 10.8x Increase Valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis Certain of the Company’s assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments, such as when there is evidence of impairment, and therefore measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The Company reviews its real estate properties for impairment each quarter or when there is an event or change in circumstances that could indicate the carrying amount of the real estate value may not be recoverable. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized an impairment of $12.5 million related to its held-for-sale real estate investments. The fair value of such held-for-sale real estate investments as of March 31, 2023 was $36.9 million and was primarily based on the sale price per the binding executed contracts, which are considered a Level 2 input. Refer to Note 3 for additional details of the impairments. Valuation of liabilities not measured at fair value As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company’s mortgage notes, secured term loans, secured revolving credit facilities, secured financings on investments in real estate debt, and unsecured revolving credit facilities was $1.4 billion below carrying value. Fair value of the Company’s indebtedness is estimated by modeling the cash flows required by the Company’s debt agreements and discounting them back to the present value using an estimated market yield. Additionally, the Company considers current market rates and conditions by evaluating similar borrowing agreements with comparable loan-to-value ratios and credit profiles. The inputs used in determining the fair value of the Company’s indebtedness are considered Level 3. Stock-Based Compensation The Company’s stock-based compensation consists of incentive compensation awards issued to certain employees of affiliate portfolio company service providers and certain employees of Simply Self Storage, Home Partners of America (“HPA”), and April Housing, all of which are indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries of BREIT. Such awards vest over the life of the awards and stock-based compensation expense is recognized for these awards on a graded vesting attribution method over the applicable vesting period of each award, based on the value of the awards on their grant date, as adjusted for forfeitures. The awards are subject to service periods ranging from three The following table details the incentive compensation awards issued to certain employees of Simply Self Storage, HPA and April Housing ($ in thousands): December 31, 2022 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 March 31, 2023 Plan Year Unrecognized Compensation Cost Forfeiture of unvested awards Value of Awards Issued Amortization of Compensation Cost Unrecognized Compensation Cost Remaining Amortization Period 2021 $ 2,042 $ — $ — $ (259) $ 1,783 1.8 years 2022 20,811 (456) — (2,245) 18,110 2.5 years 2023 — — 5,090 (318) 4,772 3.8 years Total $ 22,853 $ (456) $ 5,090 $ (2,822) $ 24,665 Recent Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” or ASU 2020-04. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP requirements for modifications on debt instruments, leases, derivatives, and other contracts, related to the market transition from LIBOR, and certain other floating rate benchmark indices, or collectively, “IBORs,” to alternative reference rates. ASU 2020-04 generally considers contract modifications related to reference rate reform to be an event that does not require contract remeasurement at the modification date nor a reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope,” or ASU 2021-01. ASU 2021-01 clarifies that the practical expedients in ASU 2020-04 apply to derivatives impacted by changes in the interest rate used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848,” or ASU 2022-06. ASU 2022-06 deferred the sunset date of ASU 2020-04 to December 31, 2024. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time, through December 31, 2024, as reference rate reform activities occur. Once ASU 2020-04 is elected, the guidance must be applied prospectively for all eligible contract modifications. The Company has not adopted any of the optional expedients or exceptions as of March 31, 2023, but will continue to evaluate the possible adoption of any such expedients or exceptions during the effective period as circumstances evolve. |