Other Fees and Reimbursable Expenses. Pursuant to our advisory agreement that was in effect until May 7, 2021, we reimbursed our advisor or its affiliates for all actual expenses paid or incurred by our advisor or its affiliates in connection with the services provided to us; provided, however, that we did not reimburse our advisor or its affiliates for salaries, wages and related benefits of personnel who performed investment advisory services for us or served as our executive officers. In addition, subject to the approval of our board of directors, we reimbursed our advisor or its affiliates for costs and fees associated with providing services to us that we would otherwise engage a third party to provide. Reimbursable company operating expenses to our advisor or its affiliates for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $1,029,920 and $541,652, respectively, and were $330,768 for the period from January 1, 2021 through May 7, 2021.
Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, subject to the limitations on total operating expenses described below, our advisor is entitled to reimbursement of all costs and expenses incurred by it or its affiliates on our behalf, provided that our advisor is responsible for the expenses related to any and all of our advisor’s personnel who provide investment advisory services pursuant to the Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement (including, without limitation, each of our executive officers and any directors who are also directors, officers or employees of our advisor or any of its affiliates), including, without limitation, salaries, bonuses and other wages, payroll taxes and the cost of employee benefit plans of such personnel, and costs of insurance with respect to such personnel; provided that we will be responsible for the personnel costs of our employees even if they are also directors or officers of our advisor or any of its affiliates except as provided for in the Reimbursement and Cost Sharing Agreement described below. Reimbursable company operating expenses to our advisor or its affiliates under the Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement were $21,071 for the period from May 7, 2021 through June 30, 2021.
Our advisor is required to reimburse us the amount by which our aggregate total operating expenses for the four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended exceed the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of our net income, unless our conflicts committee has determined that such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. “Average invested assets” means the average monthly book value of our assets during the 12-month period before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves. “Total operating expenses” means all expenses paid or incurred by us that are in any way related to our operation, including advisory fees, but excluding (i) the expenses of raising capital to the extent paid by us such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and stock exchange listing of our stock, (ii) interest payments, (iii) taxes, (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves; (v) reasonable incentive fees based on the gain from the sale of our assets and (vi) acquisition fees, acquisition expenses (including expenses relating to potential investments that we do not close), disposition fees on the resale of property and other expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition and ownership of real estate interests, loans or other property (other than disposition fees on the sale of assets other than real property), including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property. Our conflicts committee determined that the relationship of our total operating expenses and our net assets was justified for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2020, March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021 given the costs of operating a public company, the early stage of our operations and the additional costs associated with pursuing the Mergers and approved total operating expenses in excess of the operating expense reimbursement obligation in the fourth quarter of 2020, the first quarter of 2021 and the second quarter of 2021.
Our Relationship with Cottonwood Communities Management, LLC
For property management services, we paid CC Management, our advisor and property manager through February 28, 2019 and our affiliated property manager following the restructuring of our advisor through May 7, 2021, a property management fee in an amount up to 3.5% of the annual gross revenues of the multifamily apartment communities that it managed for us. We incurred property management fees of $374,346 and $97,877 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and property management fees of $151,099 for the period from January 1, 2021 through May 7, 2021.
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