John L. Sabre
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/N-CSR/0000894189-22-001852/eiof001.jpg)
ANNUAL REPORT
December 31, 2021
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund |
TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
SHAREHOLDER LETTER (Unaudited)
December 31, 2021
Dear Shareholder,
We are pleased to present the annual report for the Ellington Income Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”). The Fund’s Class M shares generated a net return of 9.40% and a 12-month distribution rate of 5.75% for the year ended December 31, 20211. Since its November 13, 2018 inception, the Class M share has an annualized return of 4.63%.
The Ellington Income Opportunities Fund invests opportunistically across Ellington’s global credit platform to provide investors with exposure to structured credit and other non-traditional credit sectors. Within the structured credit universe, the Fund targets legacy, floating-rate, asset-backed securities which are not broadly correlated to credit markets and rates. Target sectors include pre-crisis non-agency RMBS, secondary CLOs, and CMBS securities. In addition to liquid structured credit, the Fund’s quarterly liquidity profile allows the Fund to provide access to niche opportunistic credit strategies not widely available in the registered fund space. Within this portion of the portfolio, we target sectors where post-crisis regulation limits bank competition and where opportunities are not sufficiently scalable to attract large investment managers. The Fund seeks total return through both current income and capital gains.
Following what was perhaps one of the most volatile years in financial history due to the onset of COVID-19, 2021 was a year of uncertainty and anticipation with hopes for a return to a degree of normalcy. The distribution of vaccines and the easing of lockdowns were met with the emergence of new variants, supply chain issues, and rising inflation. Despite these challenges, equity markets performed well, as the S&P 500 generated a 28.68% return and posted 70 all-time highs for the year. In the credit markets, performance through the first three quarters were strong, characterized by steady, income driven returns as spreads compressed for much of the year. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the emergence of the Omicron variant and inflationary pressures contributed to the widening of credit spreads. In response, at the December Federal Open Market Committee, the Federal Reserve announced not only the acceleration of their tapering schedule, but it also signaled that they’re likely to raise interest rates multiple times in 2022, with the expectation that the first interest rate raise will be in March. We believe that the Fund’s floating-rate bias and minimal overall duration offer protection from the rising rate environment.
We are pleased with the Fund’s performance in 2021, as returns met our targets on both an absolute and risk-adjusted basis. Despite elevated volatility across financial markets in the later part of the year, the Fund maintained steady performance as US RMBS continued to be a tailwind for Fund returns.
Growing inflationary pressures and heightened velocity of market movements highlight the opportunity for active, flexible managers in the structured credit space. The Fund’s investments in positions backed by real assets may offer protection in an environment where inflation is a key focus. We also see persistent dispersion continuing to offer opportunities in structured products.
Volatility across financial markets is likely to remain elevated as investors digest the ramifications of lower government stimulus and rising interest rates. In our view, the floating rate nature of the portfolio in combination with the fundamental strength of the Fund’s underlying assets should insulate the Fund from local market shocks. Furthermore, we are excited about the Fund’s ability to continue aggregating niche, less-scalable opportunistic credit strategies as we seek to add substantial alpha to the overall portfolio.
1 Distribution rates are not performance and are calculated by summing the quarterly distributions per share over the prior four quarters and dividing by the NAV as of the latest quarter end.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
SHAREHOLDER LETTER (Unaudited) (continued)
December 31, 2021
Thank you for your investment in and support of the Fund.
PERFORMANCE2 as of December 31. 2021
| 1 Month | QTD | YTD | 1 Year | Since Inception3 |
Class M (EIOMX) | 0.40% | 0.81% | 9.40% | 9.40% | 4.63% |
BBg US Corp HY | 1.87% | 0.71% | 5.28% | 5.28% | 7.43% |
S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan | 0.64% | 0.75% | 5.20% | 5.20% | 4.20% |
2 The performance data quoted here represents past performance. Beginning November 13, 2018, the Fund was offered through a confidential private placement memorandum and became registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. On June 10, 2019, the Fund became registered under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1933. The performance history is net of all fees (including a monthly advisory fee of 1.85% per annum) and expenses and reflects the reinvestment of dividends and investment income. Depending on an investor’s investment date, holding period, and other factors, an investor may have an overall performance that underperforms or outperforms that reflected above. Investment return and principal value will fluctuate so that shares, when redeemed may be worth more or less than their original cost. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
The Bloomberg US Corporate High Yield Bond Index measures the USD-denominated, high yield, fixed-rate corporate bond market. The S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index is a market value-weighted index designed to measure the performance of the U.S. leveraged loan market based upon market weightings, spreads, and interest payments. Investors cannot invest directly in an index.
3 The Fund commenced operations on November 13, 2018. Since Inception returns are presented on an annualized basis.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO ASSETS(1)
December 31, 2021
(Expressed as a Percentage of Total Investments)
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/N-CSR/0000894189-22-001852/eiof002.jpg)
(1) Fund holdings are subject to change and there is no assurance that the Fund will continue to hold any particular security.
Please see the Schedule of Investments for a detailed listing of the Fund’s holdings. See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements. |
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Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
December 31, 2021
Current Principal Amount/ Shares | | Description | | Rate (2) | | Maturity | | Percentage of Net Assets | | Fair Value | |
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Asset Backed Securities (14.28%)(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2,221,677 | | | AASET 2021-1A C (4) | | | 5.82 | % | | 11/16/2041 | | | 4.67 | % | $ | 2,067,981 | |
1,270,322 | | | SALT TR 2021-1A D | | | 7.14 | % | | 02/28/2033 | | | 2.86 | % | | 1,268,519 | |
1,050,000 | | | Skyline Aircraft Finance LLC (Westjet) (6) | | | 0.00 | % | | 07/27/2038 | | | 2.37 | % | | 1,050,000 | |
1,940,879 | | | SOLRR Aircraft 2021-1 C | | | 5.68 | % | | 10/15/2046 | | | 4.38 | % | | 1,942,608 | |
Total Asset Backed Securities (Cost $6,368,004) | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,329,108 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collateralized Loan Obligations (51.21%) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1,300,000 | | | ACRE Manager 2021-FL1 E (4) | | | 3.10 | % | | 10/16/2036 | | | 2.94 | % | | 1,299,997 | |
1,000,000 | | | Blue Mountain Capital Management CLO 2018-2A SUB (4)(6) | | | 0.00 | % | | 08/15/2031 | | | 0.93 | % | | 414,240 | |
641,438 | | | BNP Paribas CLO 2014-1A C (4) | | | 3.63 | % | | 04/24/2026 | | | 1.45 | % | | 640,476 | |
1,000,000 | | | Benefit Street Partners CLO 2018-FL4 E (4) | | | 3.16 | % | | 09/15/2035 | | | 2.25 | % | | 998,280 | |
1,000,000 | | | Cross Harbor CP 2021-FL1 D (1 Month LIBOR USD + 3.00%, 3.00% Floor) (4)(5) | | | 3.16 | % | | 02/15/2038 | | | 2.26 | % | | 1,000,576 | |
1,000,000 | | | Diamond CLO 2019-1A E (3 Month LIBOR USD + 8.05%, 8.05% Floor) (4)(5) | | | 8.17 | % | | 04/25/2029 | | | 2.25 | % | | 999,207 | |
440,000 | | | Dryden Senior Loan Fund 2020-86A SUB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 07/17/2030 | | | 0.79 | % | | 348,874 | |
1,070,000 | | | Elmwood CLO I 2019-1A SUB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 10/20/2033 | | | 1.82 | % | | 807,850 | |
1,250,000 | | | Greywolf Capital Management CLO 2019-1A SUBB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 04/17/2034 | | | 1.65 | % | | 731,250 | |
1,500,000 | | | Halcyon Loan Advisors Series 2014-1A (3 Month LIBOR USD + 3.50%, 0.00% Floor) (4) | | | 3.62 | % | | 04/18/2026 | | | 3.35 | % | | 1,485,000 | |
1,100,000 | | | Halcyon Loan Advisors Series 2015-2A (3 Month LIBOR USD + 3.10%, 0.00% Floor) (4)(5) | | | 3.22 | % | | 07/25/2027 | | | 2.41 | % | | 1,063,956 | |
1,500,000 | | | LoanCore Capital Credit CLO (1 Month LIBOR USD + 2.95%, 2.95% Floor) (4) | | | 3.06 | % | | 05/15/2028 | | | 3.38 | % | | 1,499,999 | |
1,600,000 | | | Marathon Asset Management CLO 2013-5A (3 Month LIBOR USD + 2.75%, 0.00% Floor) (4) | | | 2.91 | % | | 11/21/2027 | | | 3.50 | % | | 1,551,742 | |
600,000 | | | MJX Asset Management - Venture CDO Ltd. 2018-32A SUB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 07/18/2031 | | | 0.75 | % | | 333,000 | |
1,100,000 | | | MJX Asset Management - Venture XXIV CDO Ltd. 2016-24A SUB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 10/20/2028 | | | 0.99 | % | | 440,002 | |
470,000 | | | MJX Asset Management - Venture CDO Ltd. 2018-34A SUB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 10/15/2031 | | | 0.65 | % | | 289,050 | |
5,000,000 | | | Neuberger Berman CLO Series 2019-35A(4)(6) | | | 3.64 | % | | 01/19/2033 | | | 2.14 | % | | 950,000 | |
1,400,000 | | | OFS Capital Management CLO 2018-1A SUB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 07/31/2118 | | | 1.50 | % | | 665,000 | |
800,000 | | | Par-Four Investment Managers -Tralee CDO 2018-5A SUB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 10/20/2028 | | | 0.92 | % | | 408,366 | |
50,000 | | | Par-Four Investment Managers - Tralee CDO 2018-5A FR (3 Month LIBOR USD + 8.89%, 8.89% Floor) (4)(6) | | | 0.00 | % | | 10/20/2034 | | | 0.10 | % | | 44,960 | |
1,000,000 | | | Peaks CLO 2017-2A ER (4) | | | 9.82 | % | | 07/20/2031 | | | 2.25 | % | | 995,370 | |
740,000 | | | Silvermore CLO 2014-1A C (3 Month LIBOR USD + 3.45%, 0.00% Floor) (4)(5) | | | 3.61 | % | | 05/15/2026 | | | 1.67 | % | | 738,522 | |
1,300,000 | | | Symphony Asset Management CLO 2014-14A E (3 Month LIBOR USD + 4.60%, 0.00 Floor) (4) | | | 4.73 | % | | 07/14/2026 | | | 2.91 | % | | 1,291,224 | |
520,000 | | | Telos Asset Management CLO 2013-3A DR (3 Month LIBOR USD + 3.75%, 0.00% Floor) (4)(5) | | | 3.87 | % | | 07/17/2026 | | | 1.17 | % | | 519,213 | |
2,500,000 | | | TPG Real Estate Finance 2021-FL4 Class D (1 Month Libor + 3.60%, 3.60% Floor) (4) | | | 3.71 | % | | 03/15/2038 | | | 5.63 | % | | 2,493,750 | |
1,100,000 | | | Voya Alternative Asset Management CLO 2018-1A SUB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 04/19/2031 | | | 1.55 | % | | 687,500 | |
Total Collateralized Loan Obligation (Cost $23,044,842) | | | | | | | | | | | | 22,697,404 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (5.02%) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1,500,000 | | | GPMT 2018-FL1 D (1 Month LIBOR + 2.95%, 2.95% Floor) (4) | | | 3.04 | % | | 11/21/2035 | | | 3.38 | % | | 1,498,262 | |
730,000 | | | VMC Finance LLC 2018-FL2 D (1 Month LIBOR 2.75%, 2.75% Floor) (4) | | | 2.86 | % | | 10/15/2035 | | | 1.64 | % | | 728,619 | |
Total Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (Cost $2,388,634) | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,226,881 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificates (1.94%) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
9,482,423 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificates (6)(7) | | | 2.52 | % | | 08/15/2044 | | | 1.94 | % | | 858,615 | |
Total Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificates (Cost $841,545) | | | | | | | | | | | | 858,615 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate and Other Finance (8.12%) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
443,687 | | | American Airlines 15-2 AA PTT (5) | | | 3.60 | % | | 09/22/2029 | | | 1.02 | % | | 452,756 | |
2,100,000 | | | AXA Investment managers - Allegro CLO Ltd. 2018-1A SUB (4) | | | 0.00 | % | | 06/13/2031 | | | 2.43 | % | | 1,081,500 | |
1,332,000 | | | OFSBS-2018-1A-FEE (6) | | | | | | | | | 0.05 | % | | 21,444 | |
650,000 | | | Air Canada 2020-1C PTT (4) | | | 10.50 | % | | 07/15/2026 | | | 1.80 | % | | 795,384 | |
1,236,891 | | | Air Canada 2013-1A (4)(5) | | | 4.13 | % | | 11/15/2026 | | | 2.82 | % | | 1,248,633 | |
Total Corporate and Other Finance (Cost $3,611,944) | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,599,717 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
Current Principal Amount/ Shares | | Description | | Rate | | Maturity | | Percentage of Net Assets | | |
|
|
Fair Value |
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (24.30%) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1,662,000 | | | AMSR Mortgage Trust 2020-SFR3 Class H (4)(5) | | | 6.50 | % | | 09/17/2037 | | | 3.69 | % | | 1,636,713 | |
1,000,000 | | | AMSR Mortgage Trust 2020-SFR1 Class H (4)(5) | | | 5.30 | % | | 04/17/2037 | | | 2.25 | % | | 995,033 | |
376,889 | | | Banc of America Funding Corporation Series 2008-R4 (1 Month LIBOR + 0.45%, 0.45% Floor, 7.00% Cap) (4)(5)(6) | | | 0.54 | % | | 07/25/2037 | | | 0.53 | % | | 235,934 | |
667,605 | | | Bear Stearns Alt-A Trust Series 2005-10 (5) | | | 2.70 | % | | 01/25/2036 | | | 1.43 | % | | 635,656 | |
239,415 | | | Bear Stearns Mortgage Funding Series 2007-AR1 (1 Month LIBOR + 0.20%, 0.20% Floor, 11.50% Cap) (3)(5)(6) | | | 0.30 | % | | 02/25/2037 | | | 0.53 | % | | 236,391 | |
116,911 | | | Chase Mortgage Finance Corporation Series 2006-A1 (6) | | | 2.85 | % | | 09/25/2036 | | | 0.23 | % | | 103,744 | |
401,525 | | | Countrywide Alternative Loan Trust Series 2005-49CB (6) | | | 5.50 | % | | 11/25/2035 | | | 0.62 | % | | 272,725 | |
76,256 | | | Countrywide Alternative Loan Trust Series 2006-6CB (6) | | | 5.50 | % | | 05/25/2036 | | | 0.16 | % | | 72,664 | |
187,962 | | | Countrywide Alternative Loan Trust Series 2006-J5 | | | 6.50 | % | | 09/25/2036 | | | 0.25 | % | | 112,084 | |
276,882 | | | Countrywide Home Loan Series 2002-19 (6) | | | 6.25 | % | | 11/25/2032 | | | 0.62 | % | | 272,461 | |
345,888 | | | Countrywide Home Loan Series 2003-53 | | | 2.47 | % | | 02/19/2034 | | | 0.58 | % | | 256,333 | |
88,278 | | | Countrywide Home Loan Series 2006-J2 (6) | | | 6.00 | % | | 04/25/2036 | | | 0.17 | % | | 73,003 | |
91,901 | | | Countrywide Home Loan Series 2003-49 | | | 2.55 | % | | 12/19/2033 | | | 0.20 | % | | 90,421 | |
729,209 | | | Countrywide Home Loan Series 2004-18 (5)(6) | | | 6.00 | % | | 10/25/2034 | | | 1.35 | % | | 596,254 | |
294,627 | | | Countrywide Home Loan Series 2005-28 (5)(6) | | | 5.25 | % | | 11/25/2023 | | | 0.53 | % | | 234,501 | |
4,699 | | | Deutsche Mortgage Securities, Inc. Series 2004-4 (1 Month LIBOR + 0.35%, 0.35% Floor) (6) | | | 0.45 | % | | 06/25/2034 | | | 0.01 | % | | 4,177 | |
136,749 | | | First Horizon Alternative Mortgage Securities 2004 AA3 (6) | | | 2.28 | % | | 09/25/2034 | | | 0.23 | % | | 99,529 | |
45,569 | | | HarborView Mortgage Loan Trust Series 2003-2 | | | 2.39 | % | | 10/19/2033 | | | 0.10 | % | | 44,345 | |
6,152 | | | HarborView Mortgage Loan Trust Series 2004-2 (1 Month LIBOR + 0.52%, 0.52% Floor) (6) | | | 0.36 | % | | 06/19/2034 | | | 0.01 | % | | 6,022 | |
6,624 | | | HarborView Mortgage Loan Trust Series 2004-9 (6) | | | 3.31 | % | | 12/19/2034 | | | 0.01 | % | | 6,013 | |
432,186 | | | Harborview Mortgage Loan TRUST C M O SER 2005 7 CL 1A1 (6) | | | 2.08 | % | | 06/19/2045 | | | 0.54 | % | | 240,171 | |
120,398 | | | IndyMac INDX Mortgage Loan Trust Series 2006-AR25 (6) | | | 2.16 | % | | 09/25/2036 | | | 0.26 | % | | 115,389 | |
30,157 | | | JP Morgan Mortgage Trust Series 2006-A1 (6) | | | 2.08 | % | | 02/25/2036 | | | 0.06 | % | | 24,410 | |
155,571 | | | JP Morgan Mortgage Trust Series 2007-A4 (5)(6) | | | 2.79 | % | | 06/25/2037 | | | 0.34 | % | | 148,629 | |
1,677,143 | | | LMAT 2017 - RPL1 B (4)(5) | | | 8.12 | % | | 01/28/2070 | | | 4.00 | % | | 1,772,225 | |
35,285 | | | MASTR Asset Securitization Trust 2006-1 (6) | | | 5.75 | % | | 05/25/2036 | | | 0.07 | % | | 30,501 | |
258,766 | | | Nomura Asset Acceptance Corporation (6) | | | 5.52 | % | | 01/25/2036 | | | 0.28 | % | | 124,023 | |
51,247 | | | Prime Mortgage Trust Series 2003-3 (4)(6) | | | 6.04 | % | | 01/25/2034 | | | 0.07 | % | | 29,703 | |
750,000 | | | Progress Residential Trust 2021 - SFR3 H (4)(5) | | | 4.75 | % | | 05/17/2026 | | | 1.67 | % | | 741,608 | |
404,410 | | | Residential Asset Securitization Trust (5)(6) | | | 5.61 | % | | 02/25/2034 | | | 0.89 | % | | 395,566 | |
15,913 | | | Residential Funding Mortgage Securities I Series 2005-SA1 (6) | | | 3.62 | % | | 03/25/2035 | | | 0.02 | % | | 8,110 | |
124,881 | | | Structured Adjustable Rate Mortgage Loan Trust 2005-22 (6) | | | 3.02 | % | | 12/25/2035 | | | 0.28 | % | | 122,025 | |
117,487 | | | Structured Asset Securities Corporation 2003-9A (6) | | | 2.22 | % | | 03/25/2033 | | | 0.08 | % | | 35,246 | |
184,663 | | | Wachovia Mortgage Loan Trust Series 2005-A (6) | | | 2.18 | % | | 08/20/2035 | | | 0.39 | % | | 173,787 | |
427,797 | | | Washington Mutual Mortgage Payment 2005-5A5 (5)(6) | | | 0.70 | % | | 06/25/2035 | | | 0.73 | % | | 324,935 | |
402,602 | | | Wells Fargo Alternative Loan Trust 2007-PA4 (6) | | | 2.62 | % | | 07/25/2037 | | | 0.84 | % | | 370,219 | |
132,778 | | | Wells Fargo Alternative Loan Trust 2007-PA3 (6) | | | 6.00 | % | | 07/25/2037 | | | 0.29 | % | | 130,106 | |
Total Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (Cost $10,926,527) | | | | | | | | | | | | 10,770,656 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Preferred Stocks (7.21%) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
15,517 | | | AGNC Investment Corp, Class B, Series D | | | 6.88 | % | | | | | 0.89 | % | | 399,718 | |
74 | | | AGNC Investment Corp, Class B, Series E | | | 6.50 | % | | | | | 0.00 | % | | 1,900 | |
55,386 | | | AGNC Investment Corp, Class B, Series F | | | 6.13 | % | | | | | 3.16 | % | | 1,399,050 | |
490 | | | AGNC Investment Corp, Class X, Series X | | | 7.00 | % | | | | | 0.03 | % | | 12,598 | |
19,234 | | | Annaly Capital Management, Class B | | | 6.50 | % | | | | | 1.11 | % | | 490,275 | |
1,128 | | | Armour Residential REIT, Class B | | | 7.00 | % | | | | | 0.07 | % | | 29,001 | |
11,654 | | | MFA Financial Inc., Class B | | | 6.50 | % | | | | | 0.62 | % | | 275,501 | |
13,534 | | | New Residential Inv Corp, Class B | | | 6.38 | % | | | | | 0.71 | % | | 313,447 | |
10,057 | | | Two Harbors Investment Corporation, Class B | | | 7.25 | % | | | | | 0.58 | % | | 256,353 | |
735 | | | Two Harbors Investment Corporation, Class B | | | 7.63 | % | | | | | 0.04 | % | | 19,162 | |
Total Preferred Stocks (Cost $3,124,865) | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,197,005 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Short-Term Investments - Investment Companies (14.73%) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
6,528,111 | | | First American Government Obligation - Class X | | | 0.03 | % | | | | | 14.73 | % | | 6,528,111 | |
Total Short-Term Investments - Investment Companies (Cost $6,528,111) | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,528,111 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Investments (126.81%) (1) (Cost $56,834,472) | | | | | | | | | | | | 56,207,497 | |
Other Liabilities in Excess of Assets (-26.81%) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | (11,884,635 | ) |
Total Net Assets Applicable to Unitholders (100.00%) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 44,322,862 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
December 31, 2021
(1) Percentages are stated as a percent of net assets.
(2) Rate reported is the current yield as of December 31, 2021.
(3) Step-up bond that pays an initial spread for the first period and then a higher spread for the following periods. Spread shown is as of period end.
(4) 144(a) - Security was purchased pursuant to Rule 144a under the Securities Act of 1933 and may not be resold subject to that rule, except to qualified institutional buyers. As of December 31, 2021, these securities amounted to $35,528,999 or 80.16% of net assets.
(5) Collateral or partial collateral for securities sold subject to repurchase. As of December 31, 2021, these securities amounted to $13,976,308 or 31.53% of net assets.
(6) Security is categorized as Level 3 per the Fund’s fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2021, these securities amounted to $7,825,497 or 17.66% of net assets.
(7) This security represents a basket of interest only strips. This rate disclosed is the weighted average rate on the basket. The maturity shown is the earliest maturity of the underlying strips.
Centrally Cleared Interest Rate Swaps
Fixed Annual Rate | | Floating Rate Index | | Floating Rate Paid or Received | | Payment Frequency | | Maturity Date | | Notional Amount | | Upfront Premium Paid / (Received) | | Unrealized Appreciation / (Depreciation) | | Value | |
0.79% | | 3 Month LIBOR | | Received | | Quarterly | | | 07/26/2026 | | $ | 1,800,000 | | $ | — | | $ | 43,742 | | $ | 43,742 | |
0.39% | | 3 Month LIBOR | | Received | | Quarterly | | | 09/30/2023 | | | 18,000,000 | | | — | | | 137,520 | | | 137,520 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | — | | $ | 181,262 | | $ | 181,262 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
STATEMENT OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
December 31, 2021
Assets | | | |
Investments at fair value (cost $56,834,472) | | $ | 56,207,497 | |
Centrally cleared interest rate swap contracts, at fair value | | | 181,262 | |
Deposits at broker | | | 222,752 | |
Receivable for Fund shares sold | | | 269,985 | |
Interest receivable | | | 158,317 | |
Dividend receivable | | | 28,114 | |
Other assets | | | 30,149 | |
Total assets | | | 57,098,076 | |
| | | | |
Liabilities | | | | |
Reverse repurchase agreement | | | 10,693,000 | |
Due to broker | | | 1,866,328 | |
Payable to Adviser, net of waiver | | | 10,720 | |
Accrued expenses | | | 205,166 | |
Total liabilities | | | 12,775,214 | |
Net assets | | $ | 44,322,862 | |
| | | | |
Net Assets Consisting of | | | | |
Paid-in capital | | $ | 46,184,421 | |
Total accumulated losses | | | (1,861,559 | ) |
Net assets | | $ | 44,322,862 | |
| | | | |
Class A | | | | |
Net Assets | | $ | 150,471 | |
Shares outstanding, unlimited shares authorized | | | 15,546 | |
Net Asset Value per Share | | $ | 9.68 | |
Maximum Offering Price | | $ | 10.24 | |
| | | | |
Class M | | | | |
Net Assets | | $ | 44,172,391 | |
Shares outstanding, unlimited shares authorized | | | 4,621,701 | |
Net Asset Value per Share | | $ | 9.56 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund |
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
Investment Income | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 2,407,490 | |
Dividend income | | | 201,484 | |
Total Investment Income | | | 2,608,974 | |
| | | | |
Expenses | | | | |
Management fees | | | 663,134 | |
Administrator fees | | | 235,138 | |
Professional fees | | | 90,943 | |
Transfer agent fees | | | 112,293 | |
Interest expense | | | 182,735 | |
Registration fees | | | 53,210 | |
Trustees’ fees | | | 57,661 | |
Sub-accounting transfer agency fees | | | 49,482 | |
Compliance fees | | | 56,955 | |
Insurance expense | | | 49,054 | |
Research and trade expenses | | | 17,014 | |
Tax Expense | | | 5,365 | |
Custodian fees and expenses | | | 12,056 | |
Shareholder reporting expense | | | 7,013 | |
Shareholder servicing fees - Class A | | | 366 | |
Other expenses | | | 3,082 | |
Total Expenses | | | 1,595,501 | |
Less: fees waived/expenses reimbursed by Adviser | | | (600,842 | ) |
Net Expenses | | | 994,659 | |
Net Investment Income/(Loss) | | | 1,614,315 | |
| | | | |
Realized and Change in Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Investments | | | | |
Net realized gain/(loss) on: | | | | |
Investments | | | 895,187 | |
Swap contracts | | | (16,598 | ) |
Net realized gain/(loss) | | | 878,589 | |
Net change in unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) of: | | | | |
Investments | | | 330,015 | |
Swap contracts | | | 181,262 | |
Net unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) | | | 511,277 | |
Net Realized and Change in Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Investments | | | 1,389,866 | |
| | | | |
Increase/(Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations | | $ | 3,004,181 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
| | For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 | | | For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 | |
| | | | | | |
From Operations | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income/(loss) | | $ | 1,614,315 | | | $ | 1,621,583 | |
Net realized gain/(loss) | | | 878,589 | | | | (1,635,953 | ) |
Net change in unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) on investments | | | 511,277 | | | | (1,178,438 | ) |
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations | | | 3,004,181 | | | | (1,192,808 | ) |
Distributions and Dividends to Shareholders | | | | | | | | |
From distributable earnings | | | (1,817,478 | ) | | | (1,883,382 | ) |
From Return of capital | | | (375,035 | ) | | | — | |
Total distributions and dividends to common shareholders | | | (2,192,513 | ) | | | (1,883,382 | ) |
Capital Share Transactions(1) | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from Class A shareholder subscriptions | | | — | | | | — | |
Class A distribution reinvestments | | | 7,174 | | | | 7,510 | |
Payments for Class A redemptions | | | — | | | | — | |
Proceeds from Class M shareholder subscriptions | | | 15,531,504 | | | | 11,452,430 | |
Class M distribution reinvestments | | | 650,685 | | | | 507,427 | |
Payments for Class M redemptions | | | (1,549,862 | ) | | | (6,348,221 | ) |
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets from capital share transactions | | | 14,639,501 | | | | 5,619,146 | |
Total increase/(decrease) in net assets | | | 15,451,169 | | | | 2,542,956 | |
Net Assets | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of fiscal period | | | 28,871,693 | | | | 26,328,737 | |
End of fiscal period | | $ | 44,322,862 | | | $ | 28,871,693 | |
| (1) | For shareholder transaction activity, please see Note 8. |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
Cash Flows From Operating Activities | | | |
Increase/(decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations | | | 3,004,181 | |
Adjustments to reconcile increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | |
Net realized (gain)/loss on investments and swap contracts | | | (878,589 | ) |
Net change in unrealized (appreciation)/depreciation of investments and swap contracts | | | (511,277 | ) |
Purchases of investments in securities | | | (51,208,820 | ) |
Proceeds from sales of investments in securities | | | 34,826,953 | |
Net payments related to swap contracts | | | (16,598 | ) |
Amortization and accretion on investments | | | 469,454 | |
Payment-in-kind interest | | | (174,955 | ) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | |
Deposits at broker | | | (181,342 | ) |
Interest receivable | | | 312,438 | |
Dividends receivable | | | (9,520 | ) |
Other assets | | | (8,827 | ) |
Payable to Adviser, net of waiver | | | (9,347 | ) |
Payable for investments purchased | | | (6,862 | ) |
Due to broker | | | 1,866,328 | |
Accrued interest expense | | | (13,220 | ) |
Accrued expenses | | | 14,000 | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (12,526,003 | ) |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities | | | | |
Proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements | | | 349,000 | |
Proceeds from issuance of shares, net of change in receivable for fund shares sold | | | 15,261,519 | |
Payments for redemptions of shares | | | (1,549,862 | ) |
Distributions paid, net of reinvestments | | | (1,534,654 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 12,526,003 | |
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash | | | — | |
| | | | |
Cash: | | | | |
Beginning of fiscal period | | | — | |
End of fiscal period | | | — | |
| | | | |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow and Non-Cash Information | | | | |
Non-cash financing activities not included herein consist of distribution reinvestments | | | 657,859 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS - Class A
| | For the Year Ended | | | For the Period Ended | |
| | December | | | December | | | December 31, | |
| | 31, 2021 | | | 31, 2020 | | | 2019 (1) | |
Per Share Data (2) | | | | | | | | | |
Net Asset Value, beginning of fiscal period | | $ | 9.35 | | | $ | 10.33 | | | $ | 10.47 | |
Activity from Investment Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income/(loss) | | | 0.41 | | | | 0.45 | | | | (0.04 | ) |
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments | | | 0.40 | | | | (0.90 | ) | | | 0.05 | |
Total increase from investment operations | | | 0.81 | | | | (0.45 | ) | | | 0.01 | |
Less Distributions and Dividends to Unitholders: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | (0.48 | ) | | | (0.53 | ) | | | (0.05 | ) |
Net realized gain/loss | | | — | | | | — | | | | (0.10 | ) |
Total distributions and dividends to shareholders | | | (0.48 | ) | | | (0.53 | ) | | | (0.15 | ) |
Net Asset Value, end of fiscal period | | $ | 9.68 | | | $ | 9.35 | | | $ | 10.33 | |
Total Investment Return (2)(5) | | | 8.69 | % | | | (4.20 | %) | | | 0.12% | (3) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental Data and Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net assets, end of fiscal period (in 000s) | | $ | 150 | | | $ | 138 | | | $ | 144 | |
Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver | | | 4.98 | % | | | 4.69 | % | | | 5.68% | (4) |
Ratio of expenses to average net assets after waiver | | | 3.54 | % | | | 3.09 | % | | | 3.27% | (4) |
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets before waiver | | | 2.44 | % | | | 3.09 | % | | | 1.73% | (4) |
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets after waiver | | | 3.88 | % | | | 4.69 | % | | | 4.14% | (4) |
Portfolio turnover rate | | | 46.81 | % | | | 34.71 | % | | | 64.79% | (3) |
| (1) | Class A commenced operations on December 17, 2019. |
| (2) | Information presented relates to a unit outstanding for the period presented and assumes the reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions. Had the adviser not waived a portion of fees, total feturns would have been lower. |
| (4) | All income and expenses are annualized for periods less than one full year with the exception of organizational costs. |
| (5) | The total investment return does not reflect the application of a sales load. |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS - Class M
| | | | | For the Year Ended | | | Ended | |
| | December 31, | | | December 31, | | | December 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2021 | | | 2020 | | | 2019 | | | 2018 (1) | |
Per Share Data (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Asset Value, beginning of fiscal period | | $ | 9.25 | | | $ | 10.23 | | | $ | 9.97 | | | $ | 10.00 | |
Activity from Investment Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income/(loss) | | | 0.43 | | | | 0.50 | | | | 0.54 | | | | 0.05 | |
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments | | | 0.43 | | | | (0.89 | ) | | | 0.36 | | | | (0.04 | ) |
Total increase from investment operations | | | 0.86 | | | | (0.39 | ) | | | 0.90 | | | | 0.01 | |
Less Distributions and Dividends to Unitholders: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | (0.55 | ) | | | (0.59 | ) | | | (0.54 | ) | | | (0.04 | ) |
Net realized gain/loss | | | — | | | | — | | | | (0.10 | ) | | | — | |
Total distributions and dividends to | | | (0.55 | ) | | | (0.59 | ) | | | (0.64 | ) | | | (0.04 | ) |
Net Asset Value, end of fiscal period | | $ | 9.56 | | | $ | 9.25 | | | $ | 10.23 | | | $ | 9.97 | |
Total Investment Return (2) | | | 9.40 | % | | | (3.56 | %) | | | 9.16 | % | | | 0.06% | (3) |
Supplemental Data and Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net assets, end of fiscal period (in 000s) | | $ | 44,172 | | | $ | 28,733 | | | $ | 26,184 | | | $ | 11,203 | |
Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver | | | 4.70 | % | | | 4.51 | % | | | 6.50 | % | | | 10.07% | (4) |
Ratio of expenses to average net assets after waiver | | | 2.86 | % | | | 2.51 | % | | | 2.62 | % | | | 2.20% | (4) |
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets before waiver | | | 2.67 | % | | | 3.39 | % | | | 2.04 | % | | | -4.32% | (4) |
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets after waiver | | | 4.51 | % | | | 5.39 | % | | | 5.92 | % | | | 3.55% | (4) |
Portfolio turnover rate | | | 46.81 | % | | | 34.71 | % | | | 64.79 | % | | | 5.18% | (3) |
| (1) | Class M commenced operations on November 13, 2018. |
| (2) | Information presented relates to a unit outstanding for the period presented and assumes the reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions. Had the adviser not waived a portion of fees, total returns would have been lower. |
| (4) | All income and expenses are annualized for periods less than one full year with the exception of organizational costs. |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021
1. ORGANIZATION
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”) is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a continuously offered, closed-end management company, and is diversified. The Fund is an interval fund that offers to make quarterly repurchases of shares at the net asset value (“NAV”) of Class A shares, Class C shares, Class I shares, and Class M shares. The Fund offers four classes of shares: Class A, Class C, Class I, and Class M. Class A shares are offered at NAV plus a maximum sales charge of 5.75%. Class C, I, and M are offered at NAV. Currently the Fund has two classes of shares operational: Class A and Class M.
Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the Fund’s investment adviser. Ellington Global Asset Management, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser” or “Ellington”) serves as the Fund’s investment sub-adviser. The Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return, including capital gains and current income.
The Fund is organized as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Fund’s Class M shares commenced operations on November 13, 2018 and the Fund’s Class A shares commenced operations on December 17, 2019.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Fund’s financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Fund is an investment company and, accordingly, follows the investment company accounting and reporting guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 946, Financial Services - Investment Companies including FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-08. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the financial statements.
The following is a summary of the significant accounting policies followed by the Fund:
(A) Investments: In accordance with the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures under GAAP, the Fund discloses the fair value of its investments in a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to valuations based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to valuations based upon unobservable inputs that are significant to the valuation (Level 3 measurements). The investment valuation methodologies are discussed further in Note 3.
(B) Investment Transactions, Investment Income and Expense Recognition: Investment transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are calculated based on identified cost. Principal write-offs are treated as realized losses. Interest income is recorded as earned unless ultimate collection is in doubt. Generally, the Fund accretes market discounts and amortizes market premiums on debt securities using the effective yield method. Accretion of market discount and amortization of market premiums requires the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of several assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions. Swap contracts are valued using market-standard sources and unrealized appreciation or depreciation is recorded daily as the difference between the prior day and current day closing price. Expenses that are directly attributable to the Fund (the “Fund Expenses”) consist of permitted expenses determined in accordance with the terms of the governing documents. Fund Expenses are charged when incurred. Fund Expenses include, but are not limited to, operational expenses and other expenses associated with the operation of the Fund. Fund Expenses (other than class specific distribution fees) and realized and unrealized gains and losses are allocated proportionately each day based upon the relative net assets of each class.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
(C) Cash: “Cash and cash equivalents” include cash. Cash is maintained at U.S. Bank National Association, a member of FDIC. Balances might exceed federally insured limits.
(D) Income Taxes: The Fund has elected to be treated as, and to qualify each year for special tax treatment afforded to, a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”). In order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things, satisfy income, asset diversification and distribution requirements. As long as it so qualifies, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that it distributes annually its investment company taxable income and its net capital gain. The Fund intends to distribute at least annually all or substantially all of such income and gain. If the Fund retains any investment company taxable income or net capital gain, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the retained amount at regular corporate tax rates. In addition, if the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any taxable year, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on all of its income and gains at regular corporate tax rates. The Fund’s 2021, 2020, and 2019 tax filings are still open for examination.
Management has reviewed the Fund’s tax positions for all open tax years and has concluded that there is no tax liability/benefit resulting from uncertain income tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the future tax returns. The Fund is not aware of any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax expense will significantly change in the next twelve months.
(E) Distributions to Shareholders: Distributions from investment income are declared and paid quarterly. Distributions from net realized capital gains, if any, are declared and paid annually and are recorded on the ex-dividend date. The character of income and gains to be distributed is determined in accordance with income tax regulations, which may differ from GAAP.
(F) Indemnifications: In the normal course of business, the Fund enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations which provide general indemnifications. The Fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund that have not yet occurred. However, the Fund expects the risk of loss to be remote.
3. VALUATION
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the Fund’s financial instruments. GAAP establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation methods. The three levels of inputs are:
Level 1 valuation methodologies include the observation of quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 valuation methodologies include the observation of (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates and yield curves) in active markets and (iii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3 fair value methodologies include (i) the solicitation of valuations from third parties (typically, broker-dealers), (ii) the use of proprietary models that require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions, and (iii) the assessment of observable or reported recent trading activity. The Fund utilizes such information to assign a good faith fair value (the estimated price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the valuation date) to each such financial instrument.
The Adviser seeks to obtain at least one third-party indicative valuation for each instrument and obtains multiple indicative valuations when available. Third-party valuation providers often utilize proprietary models that are highly subjective and also require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment and default rate assumptions. The Adviser has been able to obtain third-party indicative valuations on the vast
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
majority of the Fund’s investments and expects to continue to solicit third-party valuations on substantially all investments in the future to the extent practical. The Adviser generally values each financial instrument using a third-party valuation received. However, such third-party valuations are not binding, and while the Adviser generally does not adjust such valuations, the Adviser may challenge or reject a valuation when, based on validation criteria, the Adviser determines that such valuation is unreasonable or erroneous. Furthermore, the Adviser may determine, based on validation criteria, that for a given instrument the third-party valuations received does not result in what the Adviser believes to be fair value, and in such circumstances the Adviser may override the third-party valuation with their own good faith valuation. The validation criteria include the use of the Adviser’s own models, recent trading activity in the same or similar instruments, and valuations received from third parties.
The Adviser’s valuation process, including the application of validation criteria, is overseen and periodically reviewed by the Fund’s valuation committee. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuations, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the financial instruments existed, and the differences could be material to the financial statements.
The table below reflects the value of the Fund’s Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value as of December 31, 2021:
Description | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Asset Backed Securities | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,279,108 | | | $ | 1,050,000 | | | $ | 6,329,108 | |
Collateralized Loan Obligations | | | — | | | | 21,288,204 | | | | 1,409,200 | | | | 22,697,404 | |
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities | | | — | | | | 2,226,881 | | | | — | | | | 2,226,881 | |
Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificates | | | — | | | | — | | | | 858,615 | | | | 858,615 | |
Corporate and Other Finance | | | — | | | | 3,578,273 | | | | 21,444 | | | | 3,599,717 | |
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities | | | — | | | | 6,284,418 | | | | 4,486,238 | | | | 10,770,656 | |
Preferred Stocks | | | 3,197,005 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,197,005 | |
Short-Term Investments | | | 6,528,111 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,528,111 | |
Total Investments | | $ | 9,725,116 | | | $ | 38,656,884 | | | $ | 7,825,497 | | | $ | 56,207,497 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other Financial Instruments* | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swap Contracts | | $ | — | | | $ | 181,262 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 181,262 | |
*Other financial instruments are derivative instruments, such as swap contacts, which are reported at market value.
The Fund generally uses prices provided by an independent pricing service, broker, or agent bank, which provide non-binding indicative prices on or near the valuation date as the primary basis for fair value determinations for certain instruments. The independent pricing services typically value such securities based on one or more inputs, including but not limited to benchmark yields, transactions, bids, offers, quotations from dealers and trading systems, new issues, spreads and other relationships observed in the markets among comparable securities, and pricing models such as yield measurers calculated using factors such as cash flows, financial or collateral performance and other reference data. In addition to these inputs, mortgage-backed and asset-backed obligations may utilize cash flows, prepayment information, default rates, delinquency and loss assumptions, collateral characteristics, credit enhancements, and specific deal information. These values are non-binding and may not be determinative of fair value. Values are evaluated during the Fund’s valuation process by management in conjunction with additional information about the instrument, similar instruments, market indicators and other information.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
Below is a reconciliation of Level 3 assets for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value:
Description | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 | | $ | 12,043,341 | |
Purchases | | | 16,951 | |
Sales proceeds and paydowns | | | (2,993,571 | ) |
Realized gain / (loss) | | | 83,700 | |
Change in unrealized gain / (loss) | | | (1,563,471 | ) |
Transfers into / (out of) Level 3 | | | 238,547 | |
Ending Balance – December 31, 2021 | | $ | 7,825,497 | |
| | | | |
Change in unrealized appreciation / (depreciation) during the year for Level 3 investments held at December 31, 2021 | | $ | (385,702 | ) |
The following table presents information about unobservable inputs related to the Fund’s categories of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2021:
Security | | Fair Value at 12/31/2021 | | Valuation Methodology | | Unobservable Inputs | | Input Value / Range | | Weighted Average |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Collateralized Loan Obligation | | $459,200 | | Dealer Marked with Odd Lot Sizing Adjustment | | Odd Lot Sizing Adjustment | | 0.14% - 0.61% | | 0.23% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Residential Mortgage- Backed Securities | | $4,321,760 | | Dealer Marked with Odd Lot Sizing Adjustment | | Odd Lot Sizing Adjustment | | 0.05% - 3.00% | | 2.21% |
A change in unobserved inputs might result in significantly higher or lower fair value measurement as of December 31, 2021. Certain of the Fund’s Level 3 investments have been valued using unadjusted inputs that have not been internally developed by the Fund, including third-party transaction and quotations. As a result, fair value assets of $3,044,536 have been excluded from the proceeding table.
4. RELATED PARTY AGREEMENTS AND FEES
The Adviser serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. Under the terms of the management agreement between the Fund and the Adviser dated October 17, 2018 (the “Agreement”), the Adviser, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees (the “Board”), provides or arranges to be provided to the Fund such investment advice as it deems advisable and will furnish or arrange to be furnished a continuous investment program for the Fund consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies. As compensation for its management services, the Fund agrees to pay to the Adviser a monthly fee at the annual rate of 1.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund incurred $663,134 in management fees under the Agreement.
The Adviser and the Fund have entered into an expense limitation and reimbursement agreement under which the Adviser has agreed, until at least April 30, 2022, to waive its management fees and to pay or absorb the ordinary operating expenses of the Fund (excluding (i) interest expense, and any fees and expenses incurred in connection with credit facilities, if any, obtained by the Fund; (ii) transaction costs and other expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition, financing, maintenance, and disposition of the Fund’s investments and prospective investments, including without limitation bank and custody fees, brokerage
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
commissions, legal, data, consulting and due diligence costs, servicing and property management costs; (iii) acquired fund fees and expenses; (iv) taxes; and (v) extraordinary expenses), to the extent that its management fees plus applicable distribution and shareholder servicing fees and the Fund’s ordinary operating expenses would otherwise exceed, on a year-to-date basis, 2.85%, 3.60%, 2.60%, and 2.20% per annum of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A, Class C, Class I, and Class M shares, respectively. The Expense Limitation Agreement may not be terminated by the Adviser, but it may be terminated by the Board, on 60 days written notice to the Adviser. Any waiver or reimbursement by the Adviser is subject to repayment by the Fund within the three years from the date the Adviser waived any payment or reimbursed any expense, if (after taking the repayment into account) the Fund is able to make the repayment without exceeding the expense limitation in place at the time of the waiver or at the time of the reimbursement payment. The Adviser’s waived fees and reimbursed expenses that are subject to potential recoupment are as follows:
Fiscal Year Incurred | | Amount Waived | | Amount Recouped | | Amount Subject to Potential Reimbursement | | Expiration Date |
December 31, 2019 | | $698,064 | | $— | | $698,064 | | December 31, 2022 |
December 31, 2020 | | $599,596 | | $— | | $599,596 | | December 31, 2023 |
December 31, 2021 | | $600,842 | | $— | | $600,842 | | December 31, 2024 |
The Adviser engaged Ellington, an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission, to serve as the Fund’s sub-adviser pursuant to a Subadvisory Agreement dated October 17, 2018 between Ellington and the Adviser (the “Subadvisory Agreement”). Under the terms of the Subadvisory Agreement, the Sub-Adviser is paid directly by the Adviser.
Under Administration, Fund Accounting and Transfer Agent Servicing Agreements between the Fund and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC doing business as U.S. Bancorp Global Fund Services, LLC (“Global Fund Services”), Global Fund Services is paid a monthly fee based on the NAV of the Fund. Global Fund Services serves as fund administrator, fund accountant, registrar, and transfer agent to the Fund.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund used U.S. Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank”) as its custodian pursuant to a Custody Agreement between U.S. Bank and the Fund.
Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (“NLCS”) provides a Chief Compliance Officer to the Fund as well as related compliance services pursuant to a consulting agreement between NLCS and the Fund.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund used Foreside Funds, LLC (“Foreside”) as its distributor pursuant to a Distribution Agreement between Foreside and the Fund.
Two Trustees and certain Officers of the Fund are also Officers of the Adviser or Sub-Adviser. Trustees and Officers, other than the Chief Compliance Officer, who are affiliated with the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser are not compensated by the Fund for their services.
5. INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS
The cost of purchases and proceeds from the sale of securities, other than short-term securities, for the year ended December 31, 2021 amounted to $48,462,116 and $33,839,897, respectively.
6. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Fund uses derivative instruments as part of its investment strategy to achieve its stated investment objective. The Fund’s derivative contracts held at period end are not accounted for as hedging instruments under GAAP. For financial reporting purposes, the Fund does not offset derivative assets and liabilities across derivative types that are subject to a master netting arrangement in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
The following table lists the fair value of derivative instruments held by the Fund by primary underlying risk and contract type on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities at year end:
Primary Underlying Risk | | Assets at Fair Value | | Liabilities at Fair Value |
Interest Rate Risk Swaps | | $181,262 | | $— |
The following table lists the effect of derivative instruments held by the Fund by primary underlying risk and contract type on the Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021:
Primary Underlying Risk | | Realized Gain/(Loss) on Derivatives recognized because of Operations | | Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation/(Depreciation) on Derivatives recognized because of Operations |
Interest Rate Risk Swaps | | $ (16,598) | | $ 181,262 |
The Fund’s average monthly notional amount of derivatives during the year ended December 31, 2021 were:
Derivative Type | | Average Monthly Notional Amount |
Interest Rate Swaps | | $7,050,000 |
7. ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE OF SBA CONFIRMATION OF ORIGINATOR FEE CERTIFICATES CUSTOM BASKET HOLDINGS
Current Principal Amount | | | Description | | Rate | | | Maturity | | | Percentage of Custom Basket | | | Fair Value | |
$ | 814,115 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificate 344019 | | | 1.56 | % | | | 08/15/2044 | | | | 8.58 | % | | $ | 73,717 | |
| 609,438 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificate 344020 | | | 2.31 | % | | | 09/15/2044 | | | | 6.43 | % | | | 55,183 | |
| 674,329 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificate 344021 | | | 3.56 | % | | | 10/15/2044 | | | | 7.11 | % | | | 61,059 | |
| 279,962 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificate 344022 | | | 3.06 | % | | | 09/15/2044 | | | | 2.95 | % | | | 25,350 | |
| 1,021,777 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificate 344023 | | | 3.31 | % | | | 09/15/2044 | | | | 10.78 | % | | | 92,520 | |
| 549,979 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificate 344024 | | | 2.31 | % | | | 09/15/2044 | | | | 5.80 | % | | | 49,800 | |
| 958,411 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificate 344025 | | | 2.31 | % | | | 10/15/2044 | | | | 10.11 | % | | | 86,782 | |
| 2,402,302 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificate 344027 | | | 2.06 | % | | | 10/15/2044 | | | | 25.33 | % | | | 217,524 | |
| 2,172,110 | | | SBA Confirmation of Originator Fee Certificate 344028 | | | 2.81 | % | | | 10/15/2044 | | | | 22.91 | % | | | 196,680 | |
$ | 9,482,423 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 858,615 | |
8. TAX BASIS INFORMATION
It is the Fund’s intention to continue to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of the IRC and distribute all of its taxable income. Accordingly, no provision for federal income taxes is required in its financial statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
The tax character of distributions paid to shareholders during the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, were as follows:
| | 2021 | | 2020 |
Ordinary Income | | $1,817,478 | | | $1,883,382 | |
Net Long-Term Capital Gains | | — | | | — | |
Return of Capital | | 375,035 | | | — | |
Total Distributions Paid | | $2,192,513 | | | $1,883,382 | |
The amount and character of income and capital gain distributions to be paid, if any, are determined in accordance with federal income tax regulations, which may differ from U.S. GAAP. These differences are primarily due to differences in the timing of recognition of gains or losses on investments.
GAAP requires that certain components of net assets be reclassified between financial and tax reporting. Temporary differences do not require reclassification. Temporary and permanent differences have no effect on net assets or NAV per share. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund made the following permanent book to tax reclassification primarily related to excise tax:
Distributable Earnings | | Paid-In Capital |
$5,365 | | $(5,365) |
The following information is provided on a tax basis as of December 31, 2021:
Tax cost of investments | | $ | 56,836,650 | |
Total tax cost of portfolio | | $ | 56,836,650 | |
Gross unrealized appreciation | | | 895,362 | |
Gross unrealized depreciation | | | (1,322,978 | ) |
Net unrealized appreciation / (depreciation) | | | (427,616 | ) |
Undistributed ordinary income / (loss) | | | 94,419 | |
Undistributed long-term gain / (loss) | | | — | |
Other temporary differences | | | (1,281,021 | ) |
Total accumulated gain / (loss) | | $ | (1,708,637 | ) |
The difference between book basis and tax basis unrealized appreciation / (depreciation) on investments is primarily attributable to mark to market on derivatives.
As of December 31, 2021, for federal income tax purposes, there were capital loss carryforwards of $1,281,021. The capital loss carryforwards do not have an expiration date and will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses. The ability to utilize capital loss carryforwards in the future may be limited under the Internal Revenue Code and related regulations based on the results of future transactions.
The Fund follows the authoritative guidance on accounting for and disclosure of uncertainty on tax positions, which requires management to determine whether a tax position of the Fund is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals of litigation process, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Fund did not have any unrecognized tax benefits or unrecognized tax liabilities as of December 31, 2021. The Fund does not expect any change in unrecognized tax benefits or unrecognized tax liabilities within the next year. In the normal course of business, the Fund may be subject to examination by federal, state, local and foreign jurisdictions, where applicable, for the open tax years of 2021, 2020, and 2019.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
9. SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTIONS
The Fund operates as an interval fund pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act and, as such, has adopted a fundamental policy to make quarterly repurchase offers, at NAV, of no less than 5% and no more than 25% of the Fund’s shares outstanding on the Repurchase Request Deadline (as defined below). There is no guarantee that shareholders will be able to sell all of the shares they desire to sell in a quarterly repurchase offer, although each shareholder will have the right to require the Fund to purchase at least 5% of such shareholder’s shares in each quarterly repurchase. Liquidity will be provided to shareholders only through the Fund’s quarterly repurchases. Shareholders will be notified in writing of each quarterly repurchase offer and the date the repurchase offer ends (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”). Shares will be repurchased at the NAV per share determined as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE no later than the 14th day after the Repurchase Request Deadline, or the next business day if the 14th day is not a business day.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund completed four repurchase offers. In the offers that commenced on February 26, 2021, May 28, 2021, August 27, 2021, and November 26, 2021, the Fund offered to repurchase up to 10% of the number of its outstanding shares as of the applicable Repurchase Pricing Date. The results of these repurchase offers are as follows:
Commencement Date | February 26, 2021 | May 28, 2021 | August 27, 2021 | November 26, 2021 |
Repurchase Request Deadline | March 19, 2021 | June 18, 2021 | September 17, 2021 | December 17, 2021 |
Repurchase Pricing Date | March 19, 2021 | June 18, 2021 | September 17, 2021 | December 17, 2021 |
Amount Repurchased | $444,311 | $682,747 | $319,061 | $103,743 |
Shares Repurchased | 46,043 | 70,024 | 32,590 | 10,662 |
Class A had 15,546 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021. Class A did not issue any shares through shareholder subscriptions, issued 738 shares through dividend reinvestments and did not repurchase any shares through shareholder redemptions during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Class M had 4,621,701 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021. Class M issued 1,606,595 shares through shareholder subscriptions, 67,814 shares through dividend reinvestments and repurchased 159,320 shares through shareholder redemptions during the year ended December 31, 2021.
10. BORROWING
Reverse Repurchase Agreements: The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund delivers a security in exchange for cash to a financial institution, the counterparty, with a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same or substantially the same security at an agreed upon price and date. The Fund is entitled to receive the principal and interest payments, if any, made on the security delivered to the counterparty during the term of the agreement. Cash received in exchange for securities delivered plus accrued interest payments to be made by the Fund to counterparties are reflected as a liability on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Interest payments made by the Fund to counterparties are recorded as a component of interest expense on the Statement of Operations. The Fund will segregate assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser or will otherwise cover its obligations under reverse repurchase agreements.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by the Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision. Also, the Fund would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the securities subject to such agreements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
As of December 31, 2021, the Fund had the following reverse repurchase agreements outstanding, which were equal to 24.11% of the Fund’s net assets:
Counterparty | | Amount Borrowed | | | Borrowing Rate | | | Borrowing Date | | Maturity Date | | Maturity Amount | |
JP Morgan | | $ | 1,266,000 | | | | 1.34 | % | | 12/02/2021 | | 02/03/2022 | | $ | 1,267,410 | |
JP Morgan | | | 772,000 | | | | 1.27 | % | | 11/05/2021 | | 01/05/2022 | | | 773,557 | |
JP Morgan | | | 937,000 | | | | 0.65 | % | | 12/02/2021 | | 02/02/2023 | | | 937,508 | |
JP Morgan | | | 388,000 | | | | 0.65 | % | | 12/28/2021 | | 02/28/2022 | | | 388,028 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 213,000 | | | | 1.33 | % | | 12/06/2021 | | 02/07/2022 | | | 213,205 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 402,000 | | | | 1.38 | % | | 12/06/2021 | | 02/07/2022 | | | 402,401 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 208,000 | | | | 1.31 | % | | 11/15/2021 | | 01/18/2022 | | | 208,355 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 199,000 | | | | 1.31 | % | | 11/15/2021 | | 01/18/2022 | | | 199,339 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 410,000 | | | | 1.38 | % | | 12/06/2021 | | 02/07/2022 | | | 410,409 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 319,000 | | | | 1.36 | % | | 11/15/2021 | | 01/18/2022 | | | 319,565 | |
JP Morgan | | | 102,000 | | | | 1.34 | % | | 12/02/2021 | | 02/03/2022 | | | 102,114 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 1,315,000 | | | | 1.28 | % | | 11/29/2021 | | 01/31/2022 | | | 1,316,538 | |
JP Morgan | | | 562,000 | | | | 1.28 | % | | 11/05/2021 | | 01/05/2022 | | | 563,139 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 264,000 | | | | 1.36 | % | | 11/15/2021 | | 01/18/2022 | | | 264,467 | |
Lucid Capital Markets | | | 800,000 | | | | 1.13 | % | | 10/14/2021 | | 01/13/2022 | | | 801,978 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 752,000 | | | | 1.36 | % | | 11/15/2021 | | 01/18/2022 | | | 753,331 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 786,000 | | | | 1.33 | % | | 11/02/2021 | | 01/03/2022 | | | 787,745 | |
RBC Capital Markets | | | 593,000 | | | | 1.16 | % | | 11/22/2021 | | 01/24/2022 | | | 593,764 | |
Lucid Capital Markets | | | 405,000 | | | | 1.05 | % | | 12/09/2021 | | 01/13/2022 | | | 405,272 | |
Totals | | $ | 10,693,000 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 10,708,124 | |
As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of securities held as collateral for reverse repurchase agreements was $13,976,308, as noted on the Schedule of Investments. For the year December 31, 2021, the average daily balance and average interest rate in effect for reverse repurchase agreements were $13,877,493 and 1.34%, respectively.
The following is a summary of the reverse repurchase agreements by the type of collateral and the remaining contractual maturity of the agreements:
| | Overnight and Continuous | | Up to 30 Days | | 30 to 90 Days | | Greater than 90 Days | | Total |
Collateral Loan Obligation | | $— | | $5,660,000 | | $4,096,000 | | $937,000 | | $10,693,000 |
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
Below is the gross and net information about instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities as well as instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement
| | | | | | | | Gross Amounts of Collateral Not Offset on the Statement of Assets & Liabilities | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description | | Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities | | Gross Amounts offset in the Statement of Assets & Liabilities | | Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Assets & Liabilities | | Non-Cash Collateral (Pledged) / Received | | Cash Collateral (Pledged) / Received | | Net Amount |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | | $10,693,000 | | $— | | $10,693,000 | | $(10,693,000) (1) | | $— | | $— |
| (1) | Refer to the Schedule of Investments for the Securities pledged as collateral. The value of these securities is $13,976,308. |
Reverse repurchase transactions are entered into by the Fund under Master Repurchase Agreements (“MRA”) which permit the Fund, under certain circumstances, including an event of default of the Fund (such as bankruptcy or insolvency), to offset payables under the MRA with collateral held with the counterparty and create one single net payment from the Fund. Upon a bankruptcy or insolvency of the MRA counterparty, the Fund is considered an unsecured creditor with respect to excess collateral and, as such, the return of excess collateral may be delayed. In the event the buyer of securities (i.e. the MRA counterparty) under a MRA files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the agreement may be restricted while the other party, or its trustee or receiver, determines whether or not to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities.
11. CONTROL OWNERSHIP
The beneficial ownership, either directly or indirectly, of more than 25% of the voting securities of a fund creates presumption of control of the fund, under Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act. As of December 31, 2021, National Financial Services held approximately 98.1% of the voting securities of the Fund.
12. MARKET RISK
An investment in the Fund’s shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire amount invested. Global, national, regional and local reaction to any market events, natural disasters or a pandemic could impact the health of the economy, and the Fund, temporarily or for an extended period. An investment in the Fund’s shares represents an indirect investment in the investments owned by the Fund. The value of these securities, like other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. In addition, the Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical and other events will disrupt the economy on a national or global level. For instance, war, terrorism, market manipulation, government defaults, government shutdowns, political changes or diplomatic developments, public health emergencies (such as the spread of infectious diseases, pandemics and epidemics), climate-change and climate related events, and natural/environmental disasters can all negatively impact the securities markets, which could cause the Fund to lose value. The current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic and the aggressive responses taken by many governments, including closing borders, restricting international and domestic travel, and the imposition of prolonged quarantines or similar restrictions, as well as forced or voluntary closure of, or operational changes to, many retail and other businesses, have had negative impacts, and in many cases severe negative
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
December 31, 2021
impacts, on markets worldwide. It is not known how long such impacts, or any future impacts of other significant events described above, will or would last, but there could be a prolonged period of global economic slowdown, which may negatively impact the performance of the Fund’s investments or decrease the liquidity of those investments. Therefore, the Fund could lose money over short periods due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during prolonged market downturns.
13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Subsequent events after the date of these financial statements have been evaluated through the date the financial statements were issued.
Management has determined that there were no subsequent events to disclose in the financial statements.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED ACCOUNTING FIRM
December 31, 2021
To the Board of Trustees and
the Shareholders of Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Ellington Income Opportunities (the Fund), including the schedule of investments, as of December 31, 2021, the related statements of operations and cash flows for the year then ended, the statements of changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements (collectively, the financial statements), and the financial highlights for the three years in the period then ended and for the period from November 13, 2018 (commencement of operations) to December 31, 2018. In our opinion, the financial statements and financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of December 31, 2021, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, the changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended and the financial highlights for the three years in the period then ended and for the period from November 13, 2018 (commencement of operations) to December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Fund is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of investments owned as of December 31, 2021, by correspondence with the custodians and brokers or by other appropriate auditing procedures. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ RSM US LLP
We have served as the auditor of one or more of the Funds in the investment company complex since 2017.
Denver, Colorado
March 1, 2022
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Unaudited)
December 31, 2021
Form N-PORT
The Fund files its complete schedule of portfolio holdings for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year with the SEC on Form N-PORT. The Fund’s Form N-PORT is available without charge by visiting the SEC’s Website at www.sec.gov.
Proxy Voting
A description of the policies and procedures that the Fund uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities owned by the Fund and information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to the portfolio of securities for the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 are available to stockholders without charge, upon request by calling the Adviser at (888) 862-3690.
Board of Trustees
The Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information includes additional information about the Fund’s Trustees and is available upon request without charge by calling the Adviser at (888) 862-3690 or by visiting the SEC’s Website at www.sec.gov.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains “forward-looking statements,’’ which are based on current management expectations. Actual future results, however, may prove to be different from expectations. You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “may’’, “will’’, “believe’’, “attempt’’, “seem’’, “think’’, “ought’’, “try’’ and other similar terms. The Fund cannot promise future returns. Management’s opinions are a reflection of its best judgment at the time this report is compiled, and it disclaims any obligation to update or alter forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Tax Notice
The percentage of taxable ordinary income distributions that are designated as short-term capital gain distributions under Internal Revenue Section 871 (k)(2)(c) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 was 0.00%.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
BOARD APPROVAL OF MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT (Unaudited)
December 31, 2021
Consideration of Management Agreement between the Adviser and the Fund
At a meeting held on August 24, 2021, the Board, including the Independent Trustees, considered the following material factors during their deliberations in considering whether to renew the Management Agreement between the Adviser and the Fund: (i) the nature, extent and quality of services provided by the Adviser; (ii) the investment performance of the Fund and the Adviser; (iii) the estimated cost of services to be provided and any profits to be realized by the Adviser and its affiliates; (iv) the extent to which economies of scale will be realized as the Fund grows; and (v) whether the fee levels reflect these economies of scale for the benefit of investors.
Nature, Extent and Quality of Services. The Board considered the nature, extent, and quality of the services provided by the Adviser. The Board reviewed a copy of the Adviser’s current Form ADV and information regarding the Adviser’s organizational structure. They reviewed the backgrounds of the key personnel serving the Fund, and observed that they had substantial asset management and compliance expertise. The Board noted the nature of the Adviser’s services, and discussed the Adviser’s oversight role in detail, noting how the Adviser regularly communicates with the sub-adviser and continually reviews the Fund’s holdings for compliance with investment limitations and guidelines. The Board noted that a state regulatory inquiry had no impact to services and noted no litigation matters.
Performance. The Board next considered the performance of the Fund, noting that the Fund had underperformed its peer group over the one-year period and a since inception basis. They discussed the makeup of the peer group and noted that the peers represented a reasonable comparison. The Board also observed that the Fund underperformed its benchmark over both time periods presented. The Board also noted that the Fund is likely to see improved performance on the completion of a full credit cycle. After discussion and consideration of the Fund’s strategy, the Board concluded that the performance was not unsatisfactory.
Fees and Expenses. The Board noted the Fund’s management fee of 1.85%, which was slightly above the average of the peer group, but either equal to or below most of the peer group members. The Trustees also noted that the Adviser agreed to limit expenses and noted that the expense ratio was lower than any of the peer group members. They determined the advisory fees are acceptable in light of the Adviser’s expertise and quality of services received.
Economies of Scale. The Trustees considered whether economies of scale had been realized in connection with the Adviser’s advisory services provided to the Fund. They noted that based on the Fund’s current asset size and profit level, the absence of breakpoints was acceptable at this time, and they agreed to continue to monitor the Fund’s asset levels and revisit the matter as the Fund continued to grow.
Profitability. The Board also considered net profits to the Adviser from its relationship with the Fund. The Board discussed information provided by the Adviser indicating that the Adviser had not, over the past year, realized a profit from its relationship with the Fund under the Management Agreement. The Board concluded that the profit the Adviser had made was not excessive.
Conclusion. Having requested and received such information from the Adviser as the Trustees believed to be reasonably necessary to evaluate the terms of the Management Agreement, and as assisted by the advice of independent counsel, the Trustees concluded that the advisory fee structure was reasonable and that approval of the Management Agreement is in the best interests of the Trust and the future shareholders of the Fund
The Board noted in its consideration of the Management Agreement that the Trustees, including the Independent Trustees, did not identify any single factor as all-important or controlling, and the foregoing summary does not detail all the matters considered.
Consideration of Subadvisory Agreement between the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser
At a meeting held on August 24, 2021, the Board, including the Independent Trustees, considered the following material factors during their deliberations in considering whether to renew the Subadvisory Agreement between the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser: (i) the nature, extent and quality of services provided by the Sub-Adviser; (ii) the investment performance of the Fund and the Sub-Adviser; and (iii) the estimated cost of services to be provided.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
BOARD APPROVAL OF MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT (Unaudited)(continued)
December 31, 2021
Nature, Extent and Quality of Services. The Board considered the nature, extent, and quality of the services provided by the Sub-Adviser. The Board reviewed the responses provided in the Sub-Adviser 15(c) Questionnaire, which included a discussion of the services provided by the Sub-Adviser. They reviewed a discussion of the services provided to the Fund by the Sub-Adviser, noting the Sub-Adviser’s investment selection process. They discussed the backgrounds of the personnel providing services to the Fund and observed their significant asset management, operational and compliance experience. They reviewed the key risks associated with the Fund’s strategy and discussed how the Sub-Adviser manages those risks. They discussed the Sub-Adviser’s robust counterparty selection process and how the Sub-Adviser allocates investment opportunities among clients. They noted that the Sub-Adviser had no material compliance issues since the launch of the Fund.
Performance. The Board recalled that the Fund had underperformed its peer group over the one year period and since inception basis. They discussed the makeup of the peer group and noted that the peers represented a reasonable comparison. The Board also observed that the Fund underperformed its benchmark over both time periods presented. The Board also noted the Fund is likely to see improved performance on the completion of a credit cycle After discussion and consideration of the Fund’s strategy, the Board concluded that the performance was not unsatisfactory.
Fees and Expenses. The Board next considered the sub-advisory fee of 60% of the net management fee. They noted that the Sub-Adviser had agreed with the Adviser to receive a portion of the overall management fee. After discussion, and considering that the Sub-Adviser was paid by the Adviser, rather than the Fund, the Board concluded that the sub-advisory fee was not unreasonable.
Economies of Scale. The Trustees considered whether economies of scale had been realized in connection with the services provided to the Fund. The Board determined that economies of scale was a Fund level issue and should be considered with respect to the Fund’s overall advisory agreement and advisory fee.
Profitability. The Board also considered net profits to the Sub-Adviser from its relationship with the Fund. The Board discussed information provided by the Sub-Adviser indicating that the Sub-Adviser had not, over the past year, realized a profit from its relationship with the Fund under the Sub-Advisory Agreement. The Board concluded that the profit the Sub-Adviser had made was not excessive.
Conclusion. Having requested and received such information from the Sub-Adviser as the Trustees believed to be reasonably necessary to evaluate the terms of the Subadvisory Agreement, and as assisted by the advice of independent counsel, the Trustees concluded that the sub-advisory fee structure was reasonable and that approval of the Subadvisory Agreement is in the best interests of the Trust and the future shareholders of the Fund.
The Board noted in its consideration of the Subadvisory Agreement that the Trustees, including the Independent Trustees, did not identify any single factor as all-important or controlling, and the foregoing summary does not detail all the matters considered.
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
TRUSTEES AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS (Unaudited)
December 31, 2021
Set forth below is information with respect to each of the Trustees and executive officers of the Fund, including their principal occupations during the past five years. The business address of the Fund, its Trustees and executive officers is c/o Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, 8000 Norman Center Drive, Suite 630, Minneapolis, MN, 55437. The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information contains additional information about the Fund’s Trustees and is available, without charge, up on request, by calling the Fund at 1-855-862-6092.
Name and Year of Birth | | Position(s) Held with the Trust | | Term of Office and Length of Time Served (1) | | Principal Occupations During Past Five Years | | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex (2) Overseen by Trustee | | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Independent Trustees | | | | | | | | | | |
Jeffrey P. Greiner (1958) | | Trustee and Chairman of the Audit Committee | | Since 2018 | | Co-Founder and Managing Partner, Northern Pacific Group (2012-Present). | | 2 | | YMCA of the Greater Twin Cities (2000-Present); Boy Scouts of America (2013-Present); Princeton Private Investments Access Fund (2014- Present); Delaget (2014-Present); Outsell (2015-Present); Okabena Oakleaf Trust (2010 to Present); United Way of the Greater Twin Cities (2009- 2015) ; The Cathedral Church of St. Mark Foundation (2009-2019). |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Richard P. Imperiale (1960) | | Trustee | | Since 2018 | | Chairman & Chief Investment Officer, Uniplan Investment Counsel, Inc. (1984-Present). | | 1 | | Retail Properties of America (RPAI-NYSE) (2011-Present); Reven Housing (REVN-NYSE) (2011-Present). |
| | | | | | | | | | |
G. Mike Mikan (1971) | | Trustee | | Since 2018 | | Vice Chairman and President of Bright Health, Inc. (2019- Present); Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Shot- Rock Capital, LLC, a private investment capital group (2015-2018). | | 2 | | AutoNation (2013-Present); Princeton Private Investments Access Fund (2015- Present); Breck School (2009-Present); Shot-Rock Capital, LLC and its affiliates (2015-2018). |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Interested Trustees | | | | | | | | | | |
John L. Sabre (1957) | | Trustee and President | | Since 2018 | | Chairman and CEO, Mount Yale Capital Group, LLC (2003-Present); Chairman and CEO Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC (2011- Present). | | 2 | | Princeton Private Investments Access Fund (2014- Present). |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Laurence E. Penn (1962) | | Trustee | | Since 2018 | | Vice Chairman, Ellington Management Group, LLC and its affiliates (1995-Present); Chairman, IMO 2021 Inc. | | 1 | | Ellington Financial Inc. (NYSE: EFC) (2007-Present); Ellington Residential Mortgage REIT Inc. (NYSE: EARN) (2012- Present). |
| (1) | The term of office for each Trustee listed above will continue indefinitely. |
| (2) | The “Fund Complex” consists of the Fund and Princeton Private Investments Access Fund PPIAF. PPIAF does not offer its shares to the public. |
Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
TRUSTEES AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS (Unaudited)(continued)
December 31, 2021
The following provides information regarding the executive officers of the Fund who are not Trustees. Officers serve at the pleasure of the Trustees and until his successor is appointed and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal.
Name and Year of Birth | | Position(s) Held with the Trust | | Length of Time Served | | Principal Occupations During Past Five Years |
| | | | | | |
Christopher E. Moran (1979) | | Treasurer | | Since 2018 | | Chief Financial Officer, Mount Yale Capital Group, LLC (2007- Present). |
| | | | | | |
Christopher Nelson (1968) | | Secretary | | Since 2021 | | Senior Compliance Officer (March 2021-Present); Compliance Officer, (November 2010- February 2021). |
| | | | | | |
Emile R. Molineaux (1962) | | Chief Compliance Officer | | Since 2018 | | Senior Compliance Officer of Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (2011-Present) and named CCO for seven different NLCS clients. |
The registrant has adopted a code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer. The registrant has not made any substantive amendments to its code of ethics during the period covered by this report. The registrant has not granted any waivers from any provisions of the code of ethics during the period covered by this report.
A copy of the registrant’s Code of Ethics is filed herewith.
The registrant’s board of directors has determined that there is at least one audit committee financial expert serving on its audit committee. G. Mike Mikan is qualified as an “audit committee financial expert” and is considered to be “independent” as each term is defined in Item 3 of Form N‑CSR.
The registrant has engaged its principal accountant to perform audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services during the past fiscal year. “Audit services” refer to performing an audit of the registrant's annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for the past fiscal year. “Audit-related services” refer to the assurance and related services by the principal accountant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit. “Tax services” refer to professional services rendered by the principal accountant for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning. There were no “Other services” provided by the principal accountant. The following table details the aggregate fees billed or expected to be billed for the past fiscal year for audit fees, audit-related fees, tax fees and other fees by the principal accountant.
The audit committee has adopted pre-approval policies and procedures that require the audit committee to pre‑approve all audit and non‑audit services of the registrant, including services provided to any entity affiliated with the registrant.
All of the principal accountant’s hours spent on auditing the registrant’s financial statements were attributed to work performed by full‑time permanent employees of the principal accountant.
Not applicable to registrants who are not listed issuers (as defined in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).
The following table provides biographical information about the portfolio management of the Ellington Income Opportunities Fund as of December 31, 2021:
The portfolio managers receive an annual base salary from Ellington and, as partners in Ellington, also receive a share of the firm’s profits.
The following table provides information about portfolios and accounts, other than the Ellington Income Opportunity Fund, for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management as of December 31, 2021:
In addition to the sub-advisory services provided to the Fund, Ellington and its affiliates (together, the “Ellington Group”) provide investment management services to private, pooled investment vehicles, public companies, and institutional managed accounts (together “Clients” or “Client Accounts”). Ellington, other members of the Ellington Group, and Ellington’s employees and other related persons have interests in certain of these Client Accounts. In some cases, the Ellington Group may have invested in or hold shares of a Client Account, or may own most or all of an Account. In some cases, members of the Ellington Group may receive performance-based fees from a Client Account though Ellington does not receive such fees from the Fund. For all these reasons, Ellington has differing interests with respect to different Client Accounts, including the Fund, or with respect to individual transactions or investments made by or contemplated for those Accounts. Conflicts of interest among Client Accounts, for example when they compete for limited investment opportunities, may be more pronounced because of differing direct or indirect interests of Ellington or its affiliates with respect to those Accounts.
Set forth below is a summary of some of the circumstances in which such conflicts of interest may and do arise:
Ellington exercises reasonable, good faith judgment when determining which investment opportunities are appropriate for each Client Account. Investment opportunities are generally allocated on the basis of capital available for such opportunities and other relevant factors particular to an Account, including, but not limited to, the strategy pursued for the Account and applicable investment restrictions, tax considerations, Employee Retirement Income Security Act and other regulatory considerations, risk parameters, a Client’s pre-existing position, and the appropriate overall composition of each Client Account. Ellington may at times allocate opportunities on a preferential basis to Client Accounts that are in a “start-up” or “ramp-up” phase or to rebalance Accounts following the addition of capital to or withdrawal of capital from one or more Client Accounts.
Because Ellington allocates investment opportunities among multiple Client Accounts, conflicts arise when certain Client Accounts seek to sell investments when other Client Accounts hold similar or the same investments. For example, Client Accounts in liquidation or wind-down, or Client Accounts with differing liquidity or redemption terms, may seek to sell commonly held investments before other Client Accounts. Sale by such Client Accounts of the same or similar investments, depending upon the volume of sales and the nature of the market, may affect the market value of investments that continue to be held by other Client Accounts, including the Fund.
Transactions executed for Client Accounts may be effected independently or on an aggregated basis. Aggregation of Client orders can achieve better execution or result in more favorable commission rates. Such aggregation of orders, however, may not always be to the benefit of every Client Account with regard to the price or quantity executed for each individual transaction. Ellington’s policy is to allocate executions of aggregated Client orders on a fair and equitable basis among participating Clients.
The Ellington Group may come into possession of material non-public information or other confidential information as a result of its business activities. Ellington has adopted policies with respect to insider trading and receipt of confidential information which include restrictions on trading for personal and Client Accounts in circumstances in which the firm has received material, confidential information. As a consequence, the possession of such information may limit the ability of Ellington’s Client Accounts to buy or sell a security or otherwise to participate in an investment opportunity.
Client Accounts may buy or sell securities of an issuer that are also bought or sold by the Ellington Group, other Client Accounts of the Ellington Group, or by Ellington employees for their own accounts. In this regard, Ellington may give and has given advice and recommend securities, derivatives, and other financial instruments to a Client Account which may be identical to or may differ from advice given to or instruments recommended or bought or sold for or by other Accounts, affiliates, or employees, even though their investment objectives may be the same or similar.
Ellington, an Ellington Client Account, or a member or principal account of the Ellington Group may buy securities from or sell securities to a Client Account where consistent with the best interests of participating Clients, applicable law (including the 1940 Act) and the governing, advisory, and other documents related to the participating Clients.
Client Accounts may, from time to time, make an investment in an issuer in a different level of the issuer’s capital structure than the level in which the Ellington Group or one or more other Client Accounts has invested. Such circumstances may result in a conflict among or with such Client Accounts to the extent that a Client Account holds securities with rights, preferences, or privileges with respect to an issuer that are different than those held by other Client Accounts or the Ellington Group. In such instances, Ellington, in its sole discretion when acting in the best interests of each Client, may make recommendations and decisions regarding such rights or privileges for other entities that may be the same as or different from those made by or on behalf a Client Account and may take actions (or elect to take no action) in the context of these other economic interests or relationships the consequences of which may be adverse to the interests of a particular Client Account.
Ellington and the Ellington Group are not restricted from forming additional funds or vehicles, from entering into other investment advisory relationships, or from engaging in other business, academic, public policy, or charitable activities, even though such activities may be in competition with a Client Account or its interests or may involve substantial time and resources of Ellington’s principals or employees. Although Ellington and its principals and employees will devote as much of their time to the activities of Client Accounts as they deem necessary and appropriate, these other activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of Ellington and its related persons will be allocated among various Client Accounts and business activities.
The Ellington Group has other interests in or business arrangements with brokers and dealers used to execute transactions for Client Accounts, including the Fund.
Certain brokers or other counterparties for Ellington’s Client Accounts may offer capital introduction services. Capital introduction is a service designed to introduce fund managers to potential investors, typically through individual meetings or in a conference format. Although capital introduction is customarily offered as a free service, various conflicts of interest are presented by such arrangements. Ellington may, for example, have an incentive to use the services of a specific broker due to the broker’s ability to raise capital for management by Ellington or another member of the Ellington Group.
The Ellington Group may have other business arrangements with brokers and dealers used to execute transactions for Clients. For example, brokerage firms and their affiliates and representatives may also be Ellington Clients or invest in pooled investment vehicles managed by the Ellington Group. Brokerage firms may also provide financing, underwriting, placement or other services to the Ellington Group or other Client Accounts.
In addition, brokerage firms and their employees may offer gifts to Ellington’s employees, and may invite employees to entertainment and social events. Acceptance of such gifts and entertainment is subject to policies set forth in Ellington’s Code of Ethics. Ellington policy prohibits consideration of factors such as receipt of gifts and entertainment when selecting brokers and counterparties to execute transactions for Client Accounts.
The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each member of the Investment Committee in the Fund as of December 31, 2021:
Not Applicable.
Not Applicable.
The registrant did not engage in securities lending activities during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 reported on this Form N-CSR.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
John L. Sabre, President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
John L. Sabre, President
Christopher E. Moran, Treasurer