Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | 3. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses As of and prior to December 31, 2022, loans receivable was accounted for under the incurred loss model. As of January 1, 2023, portfolio loans are accounted for under the expected loss model. Accordingly, some of the information presented is not comparable from period to period. A summary of the Company’s loan portfolio is as follows: March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Commercial real estate loans: Construction $ 26,243 $ 20,329 Non-residential 298,600 282,422 Multi-family 71,520 67,777 Residential real estate loans 56,948 53,720 Commercial and industrial loans (1) 84,403 87,982 Consumer loans: Indirect automobile 443,962 457,223 Home equity 11,531 11,507 Other consumer 9,285 9,479 Total gross loans 1,002,492 990,439 Net deferred loan costs 11,373 11,872 Allowance for credit losses (9,103) (7,943) Total net loans $ 1,004,762 $ 994,368 (1) Includes $478 and $537 in U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”), paycheck protection program (“PPP”) loans at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the unpaid principal balances of loans held for sale included in the residential real estate category above were $688 and $247, respectively. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and non-accrual loans: March 31, 2023 Greater Than 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Past Total Loans Current Past Due Past Due Due Receivable Non-accrual Commercial real estate: Construction $ 26,243 $ — $ — $ — $ 26,243 $ — Non-residential 294,711 1,826 715 1,348 298,600 1,817 Multifamily 70,791 729 — — 71,520 — Residential real estate 55,798 95 290 765 56,948 1,946 Commercial and industrial 83,957 271 — 175 84,403 1,150 Consumer: Indirect automobile 435,207 7,344 1,031 380 443,962 434 Home equity 11,188 167 — 176 11,531 176 Other consumer 9,130 92 15 48 9,285 48 Total $ 987,025 $ 10,524 $ 2,051 $ 2,892 $ 1,002,492 $ 5,571 December 31, 2022 Greater Than 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Past Total Loans Current Past Due Past Due Due Receivable Non-accrual Commercial real estate: Construction $ 20,329 $ — $ — $ — $ 20,329 $ — Non-residential 275,860 4,701 479 1,382 282,422 1,382 Multifamily 67,413 364 — — 67,777 — Residential real estate 51,476 1,417 246 581 53,720 1,794 Commercial and industrial 87,742 57 — 183 87,982 183 Consumer: Indirect automobile 444,418 10,714 1,389 702 457,223 797 Home equity 11,279 51 58 119 11,507 217 Other consumer 9,208 149 71 51 9,479 51 Total $ 967,725 $ 17,453 $ 2,243 $ 3,018 $ 990,439 $ 4,424 Effective January 1, 2023, the Company has modified its accounting policy for the ACL on loans as described below. The ACL on loans is management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the expected life of the loans at the reporting date. The ACL on loans is increased through a provision for credit losses recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income and by recoveries of amounts previously charged off. The ACL on loans is reduced by charge-offs on loans. Loan charge-offs are recognized when management believes the collectability of the principal balance outstanding is unlikely. Full or partial charge-offs on individually analyzed loans are generally recognized when the collateral or future cash flows are deemed to be insufficient to support the carrying value of the loan. The level of the ACL on loans is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the calculation of loss given default and the estimation of expected credit losses. As discussed further below, adjustments to historical information are made for differences in specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency levels, or terms, as well as for changes in environmental conditions, that may not be reflected in historical loss rates. Management employs a process and methodology to estimate the ACL on loans that evaluate both quantitative and qualitative factors. The methodology for evaluating quantitative factors consists of two basic components. The first component involves pooling loans into portfolio segments for loans that share similar risk characteristics. Pooled loan portfolio segments include commercial construction, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, residential real estate (including homeowner construction), home equity, indirect automobile and other consumer loans. The second component involves individually analyzed loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with loans that are pooled into portfolio segments or are determined for foreclosure. For loans that are individually analyzed, the ACL is measured using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology based upon the loan’s contractual effective interest rate, or at the loan’s observable market price, or, if the loan is collateral-dependent, at the fair value of the collateral. Factors management considers when measuring the extent of expected credit loss include payment status, collateral value, borrower financial condition, guarantor support and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. For collateral-dependent loans for which repayment is to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral, management adjusts the fair value for estimated costs to sell. Management may also adjust appraised values to reflect estimated market value declines or apply other discounts to appraised values for unobservable factors resulting from its knowledge of circumstances associated with the collateral. For pooled loans, the Company utilizes a DCF methodology to estimate credit losses over the expected life of the loans. The life of the loan excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications. Management utilizes the national unemployment rate as an econometric factor with a one-year forecast period and one-year straight-line reversion period to the historical mean of its macroeconomic assumption in order to estimate the probability of default for each loan portfolio segment. The DCF methodology combines the probability of default, the loss given default, maturity date and prepayment speeds to estimate a reserve for each loan. The sum of all the loan level reserves are aggregated for each portfolio segment and a loss rate factor is derived. Because the methodology is based upon historical experience and trends, current economic data, reasonable and supportable forecasts, as well as management’s judgment, factors may arise that result in different estimations. Deteriorating conditions or assumptions could lead to further increases in the ACL on loans. In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the ACL on loans. Such agencies may require additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. The ACL on loans is an estimate, and ultimate losses may vary from management’s estimate. The following table presents the Company’s amortized cost basis of individually analyzed loans and related ACL at March 31, 2023: March 31, 2023 Individually analyzed loans Related ACL Commercial real estate: Non-residential $ 1,817 $ — Residential real estate 1,946 — Commercial and industrial 1,150 710 Consumer: Indirect automobile 434 39 Home equity 274 — Other consumer 48 — Total $ 5,669 $ 749 The Company has one individually analyzed home equity loan of $98 that was accruing interest at March 31, 2023. The following table presents the Company’s amortized cost basis of only those individually analyzed loans with a related ACL at March 31, 2023: March 31, 2023 Individually analyzed loans Related ACL Commercial and industrial $ 975 $ 710 Consumer: Indirect automobile 201 39 Total $ 1,176 $ 749 Impaired loans disclosures presented below as of December 31, 2022 represent requirements prior to the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023. The following table summarizes information regarding impaired loans by loan portfolio class: December 31, 2022 Recorded Unpaid Principal Related Average Recorded Investment Balance Allowance Investment With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate: Non-residential $ 1,382 $ 2,472 $ — $ 1,967 Residential real estate 1,794 2,445 — 1,890 Commercial and industrial 183 242 — 309 Consumer: Indirect automobile 371 439 — 336 Home equity 217 219 — 146 Other consumer 49 53 — 38 Total $ 3,996 $ 5,870 $ — $ 4,686 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate: Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ 114 Consumer: Indirect automobile 426 435 107 293 Other consumer 2 2 2 11 Total $ 428 $ 437 $ 109 $ 418 Total: Commercial real estate: Non-residential $ 1,382 $ 2,472 $ — $ 1,967 Residential real estate 1,794 2,445 — 1,890 Commercial and industrial 183 242 — 423 Consumer: Indirect automobile 797 874 107 629 Home equity 217 219 — 146 Other consumer 51 55 2 49 Total $ 4,424 $ 6,307 $ 109 $ 5,104 The Company has transferred a portion of its originated commercial real estate loans to participating lenders. The amounts transferred have been accounted for as sales and are therefore not included in the Company’s accompanying statements of financial condition. The Company and participating lenders share ratably in any gains or losses that may result from a loan’s performance under its contractual terms. The Company continues to service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders and, as such, collects cash payments from the borrowers, remits payments to participating lenders and disburses required escrow funds to relevant parties. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was servicing loans for participants aggregating $32,513 and $8,466, respectively. Residential mortgage and consumer loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $612 and $625 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are all individually analyzed. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” on January 1, 2023, the Company had no reportable balances related to TDRs as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company services certain loans that it has sold to third parties. The aggregate balances of loans serviced for others were $295,977 and $301,235 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Included in these loans serviced for others are loans serviced for the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a recourse provision whereby the Company is obligated to bear all cost when a default, including foreclosure occurs. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the maximum contingent liability associated with loans sold with recourse was $726 and $276, respectively, which is not recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Losses are borne in priority order by the borrower, private mortgage insurance and The balances of capitalized servicing rights, included in other assets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were $2,292 and $2,409, respectively. Fair value exceeds carrying value, and thus, no impairment charges related to servicing rights were recognized during the period ended March 31, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022. Activity in the Company’s ACL for loans for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is summarized in the table below. The Adoption of the CECL Standard row presents adjustments recorded on January 1, 2023 through retained earnings. Commercial Residential Commercial Real Estate Real Estate and Industrial Indirect Consumer Totals Three months ended March 31, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 3,031 $ 103 $ 881 $ 3,868 $ 60 $ 7,943 Adoption of CECL standard (860) 54 (383) 1,710 59 580 Provision for credit losses 170 13 703 104 4 994 Loans charged-off — — — (989) (22) (1,011) Recoveries — — — 585 12 597 Ending balance $ 2,341 $ 170 $ 1,201 $ 5,278 $ 113 $ 9,103 Ending balance: Loans individually analyzed $ — $ — $ 710 $ 39 $ — $ 749 Loans collectively analyzed $ 2,341 $ 170 $ 491 $ 5,239 $ 113 $ 8,354 Loan receivables: Ending balance $ 396,363 $ 56,948 $ 84,403 $ 443,962 $ 20,816 $ 1,002,492 Ending balance: Loans individually analyzed $ 1,817 $ 1,946 $ 1,150 $ 434 $ 322 $ 5,669 Loans collectively analyzed $ 394,546 $ 55,002 $ 83,253 $ 443,528 $ 20,494 $ 996,823 Activity in the Company’s allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2022 is summarized in the tables below. Commercial Residential Commercial Real Estate Real Estate and Industrial Indirect Consumer Totals Three months ended March 31, 2022 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 3,317 $ 54 $ 725 $ 3,416 $ 47 $ 7,559 (Credit to) provision for loan losses (3) (109) 18 295 20 221 Loans charged-off — (44) — (647) (23) (714) Recoveries — 154 — 471 9 634 Ending balance $ 3,314 $ 55 $ 743 $ 3,535 $ 53 $ 7,700 Commercial Residential Commercial Real Estate Real Estate and Industrial Indirect Consumer Totals December 31, 2022 Allowance for loan losses: Ending balance: Loans deemed impaired $ — $ — $ — $ 107 $ 2 $ 109 Loans not deemed impaired $ 3,031 $ 103 $ 881 $ 3,761 $ 58 $ 7,834 Loan receivables: Ending balance $ 370,528 $ 53,720 $ 87,982 $ 457,223 $ 20,986 $ 990,439 Ending balance: Loans deemed impaired $ 1,382 $ 1,794 $ 183 $ 797 $ 268 $ 4,424 Loans not deemed impaired $ 369,146 $ 51,926 $ 87,799 $ 456,426 $ 20,718 $ 986,015 The Company has also recorded an ACL for unfunded commitments, which was recorded in other liabilities; see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements. The provision is recorded within the provision for credit losses on the Company’s income statement. The following table summarizes the provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022: Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 Provision for credit losses - loans $ 994 $ 221 Provision for credit losses - unfunded commitments 20 — Provision for credit losses $ 1,014 $ 221 In the normal course of business, the Company grants loans to officers, directors and other related parties. Balances and activity of such loans during the periods presented were not material. On an annual basis, or more often if needed, the Company formally reviews the ratings on all commercial real estate, multifamily, construction and commercial loans. To assist in the review process, the Company engages an independent third-party to review a significant portion of loans within these segments. Consumer loans are rated as performing or non-performing based on payment status in accordance with regulatory retail credit guidance. Management uses the results of these reviews as part of its annual review process. In addition, management utilizes delinquency reports, the watch list and other loan reports to monitor credit quality of other loan segments. Credit Quality Indicators The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Watch Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on rating category, as well as gross write-offs, by fiscal year of origination as of March 31, 2023. Revolving Loans by Origination Year Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Amortized Cost Total Commercial construction Pass $ - $ 3,118 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 3,118 Watch - 11,649 11,476 - - - - 23,125 Total commercial construction - 14,767 11,476 - - - - 26,243 Commercial non-residential Pass $ 22,338 $ 44,753 $ 27,328 $ 18,121 $ 41,308 $ 51,378 $ - $ 205,226 Watch 2,372 9,489 8,043 12,943 8,699 41,064 - 82,610 Special mention - - - - 5,994 1,494 - 7,488 Substandard - - - - 485 2,791 - 3,276 Total commercial non-residential 24,710 54,242 35,371 31,064 56,486 96,727 - 298,600 Multifamily Pass $ 824 $ 19,017 $ 30,923 $ 2,152 $ 1,576 $ 5,222 $ - $ 59,714 Watch - - 755 - 1,302 9,749 - 11,806 Total multifamily 824 19,017 31,678 2,152 2,878 14,971 - 71,520 Residential Performing $ 4,801 $ 26,667 $ 2,619 $ 2,787 $ 2,670 $ 15,458 $ - $ 55,002 Non-performing - - - - - 1,946 - 1,946 Total residential 4,801 26,667 2,619 2,787 2,670 17,404 - 56,948 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 3,579 $ 23,853 $ 14,104 $ 2,141 $ 1,753 $ 5,301 $ 17,273 $ 68,004 Watch 492 2,705 319 765 802 2,644 6,780 14,507 Special mention - - 377 13 59 64 - 513 Substandard - - 975 - 153 203 48 1,379 Total commercial and industrial 4,071 26,558 15,775 2,919 2,767 8,212 24,101 84,403 Indirect automobile Performing $ 33,383 $ 206,728 $ 100,427 $ 52,928 $ 34,117 $ 15,945 $ - $ 443,528 Non-performing - 162 106 21 110 35 - 434 Total indirect automobile 33,383 206,890 100,533 52,949 34,227 15,980 - 443,962 Current-period gross write-offs - 359 303 158 94 75 - 989 Home equity Performing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 35 $ 238 $ 11,082 $ 11,355 Non-performing - - - - - - 176 176 Total home equity - - - - 35 238 11,258 11,531 Other consumer Performing $ 829 $ 5,023 $ 1,520 $ 961 $ 256 $ 414 $ 234 $ 9,237 Non-performing - - - 23 - 25 - 48 Total other consumer 829 5,023 1,520 984 256 439 234 9,285 Current-period gross write-offs - 11 - 11 - - - 22 Total Loans Pass/performing $ 65,754 $ 329,159 $ 176,921 $ 79,090 $ 81,715 $ 93,956 $ 28,589 $ 855,184 Watch 2,864 23,843 20,593 13,708 10,803 53,457 6,780 132,048 Special mention 0 0 377 13 6,053 1,558 0 8,001 Substandard 0 0 975 0 638 2,994 48 4,655 Non-performing 0 162 106 44 110 2,006 176 2,604 Total Loans $ 68,618 $ 353,164 $ 198,972 $ 92,855 $ 99,319 $ 153,971 $ 35,593 $ 1,002,492 Total Current-period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 370 $ 303 $ 169 $ 94 $ 75 $ - $ 1,011 The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the pass category and the criticized categories of special mention and substandard within the internal risk system: December 31, 2022 Pass Special Mention Substandard Total Commercial real estate: Construction $ 20,329 $ — $ — $ 20,329 Non-residential 271,491 7,904 3,027 282,422 Multifamily 67,777 — — 67,777 Residential real estate 52,265 — 1,455 53,720 Commercial and industrial 83,680 3,825 477 87,982 Consumer: Indirect automobile 456,112 — 1,111 457,223 Home equity 11,290 — 217 11,507 Other consumer 9,428 — 51 9,479 Total $ 972,372 $ 11,729 $ 6,338 $ 990,439 |