Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | 3. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses As of and prior to December 31, 2022, loans receivable was accounted for under the incurred loss model. As of January 1, 2023, portfolio loans are accounted for under the current expected loss model. Accordingly, some of the information presented is not comparable from period to period. A summary of the Company’s loan portfolio is as follows: June 30, December 31, 2023 2022 Commercial real estate loans: Construction $ 26,291 $ 20,329 Non-residential 299,329 282,422 Multi-family 79,677 67,777 Residential real estate loans 60,627 53,720 Commercial and industrial loans (1) 80,374 87,982 Consumer loans: Indirect automobile 417,953 457,223 Home equity 11,661 11,507 Other consumer 8,709 9,479 Total gross loans 984,621 990,439 Net deferred loan costs 10,406 11,872 Allowance for credit losses (8,003) (7,943) Total net loans $ 987,024 $ 994,368 (1) Includes $368 and $537 in U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”), paycheck protection program (“PPP”) loans at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the unpaid principal balances of loans held for sale included in the residential real estate category above were $425 and $247, respectively. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and non-accrual loans: June 30, 2023 Greater Than 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Past Total Loans Current Past Due Past Due Due Receivable Non-accrual Commercial real estate: Construction $ 26,291 $ — $ — $ — $ 26,291 $ — Non-residential 294,096 — 3,447 1,786 299,329 1,786 Multifamily 79,314 — 363 — 79,677 — Residential real estate 59,324 338 201 764 60,627 1,917 Commercial and industrial 80,100 107 — 167 80,374 167 Consumer: Indirect automobile 408,051 7,848 1,711 343 417,953 424 Home equity 11,481 1 — 179 11,661 179 Other consumer 8,586 99 — 24 8,709 24 Total $ 967,243 $ 8,393 $ 5,722 $ 3,263 $ 984,621 $ 4,497 December 31, 2022 Greater Than 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Past Total Loans Current Past Due Past Due Due Receivable Non-accrual Commercial real estate: Construction $ 20,329 $ — $ — $ — $ 20,329 $ — Non-residential 275,860 4,701 479 1,382 282,422 1,382 Multifamily 67,413 364 — — 67,777 — Residential real estate 51,476 1,417 246 581 53,720 1,794 Commercial and industrial 87,742 57 — 183 87,982 183 Consumer: Indirect automobile 444,418 10,714 1,389 702 457,223 797 Home equity 11,279 51 58 119 11,507 217 Other consumer 9,208 149 71 51 9,479 51 Total $ 967,725 $ 17,453 $ 2,243 $ 3,018 $ 990,439 $ 4,424 Effective January 1, 2023, the Company has modified its accounting policy for the ACL on loans as described below. The ACL on loans is management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the expected life of the loans at the reporting date. The ACL on loans is increased through a provision for credit losses recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income and by recoveries of amounts previously charged off. The ACL on loans is reduced by charge-offs on loans. Loan charge-offs are recognized when management believes the collectability of the principal balance outstanding is unlikely. Full or partial charge-offs on individually analyzed loans are generally recognized when the collateral or future cash flows are deemed to be insufficient to support the carrying value of the loan. The level of the ACL on loans is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the calculation of loss given default and the estimation of expected credit losses. As discussed further below, adjustments to historical information are made for differences in specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency levels, or terms, as well as for changes in environmental conditions, that may not be reflected in historical loss rates. Management employs a process and methodology to estimate the ACL on loans that evaluate both quantitative and qualitative factors. The methodology for evaluating quantitative factors consists of two basic components. The first component involves pooling loans into portfolio segments for loans that share similar risk characteristics. Pooled loan portfolio segments include commercial construction, commercial real estate, multi-family, commercial and industrial, residential real estate (including homeowner construction), home equity, indirect automobile and other consumer loans. The second component involves individually analyzed loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with loans that are pooled into portfolio segments or are determined for foreclosure. For loans that are individually analyzed, the ACL is measured using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology based upon the loan’s contractual effective interest rate, or, if the loan is collateral-dependent, at the fair value of the collateral. Factors management considers when measuring the extent of expected credit loss include payment status, collateral value, borrower financial condition, guarantor support and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. For collateral-dependent loans for which repayment is to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral, management adjusts the fair value for estimated costs to sell. Management may also adjust appraised values to reflect estimated market value declines or apply other discounts to appraised values for unobservable factors resulting from its knowledge of circumstances associated with the collateral. For pooled loans, the Company utilizes a DCF methodology to estimate credit losses over the expected life of the loans. The life of the loan excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications. Management utilizes the national unemployment rate as an econometric factor with a one-year forecast period and one-year straight-line reversion period to the historical mean of its macroeconomic assumption in order to estimate the probability of default for each loan portfolio segment. The DCF methodology combines the probability of default, the loss given default, maturity date and prepayment speeds to estimate a reserve for each loan. The sum of all the loan level reserves are aggregated for each portfolio segment and a loss rate factor is derived. Because the methodology is based upon historical experience and trends, current economic data, reasonable and supportable forecasts, as well as management’s judgment, factors may arise that result in different estimations. Deteriorating conditions or assumptions could lead to further increases in the ACL on loans. In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the ACL on loans. Such agencies may require additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. The ACL on loans is an estimate, and ultimate losses may vary from management’s estimate. The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of loans. In addition, the Company elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable, because a timely write-off policy exists. The policy generally requires loans to be placed on non-accrual when principal or interest is 90 days or more past due unless the loan is well-secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on non-accrual, accrued interest is reversed against interest income. Accrued interest receivable associated with loans totaled $2,538 and $3,723, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the Company’s amortized cost basis of individually analyzed loans and related ACL at June 30, 2023: June 30, 2023 Individually analyzed loans Related ACL Commercial real estate: Non-residential $ 1,786 $ — Residential real estate 1,917 — Commercial and industrial 167 — Consumer: Indirect automobile 424 62 Home equity 277 — Other consumer 24 — Total $ 4,595 $ 62 The Company has one individually analyzed home equity loan of $98 that was accruing interest at June 30, 2023. The following table presents the Company’s amortized cost basis of only those individually analyzed loans with a related ACL at June 30, 2023: June 30, 2023 Individually analyzed loans Related ACL Consumer: Indirect automobile 226 62 Total $ 226 $ 62 Impaired loans disclosures presented below as of December 31, 2022 represent requirements prior to the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023. The following table summarizes information regarding impaired loans by loan portfolio class: December 31, 2022 Recorded Unpaid Principal Related Average Recorded Investment Balance Allowance Investment With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate: Non-residential $ 1,382 $ 2,472 $ — $ 1,967 Residential real estate 1,794 2,445 — 1,890 Commercial and industrial 183 242 — 309 Consumer: Indirect automobile 371 439 — 336 Home equity 217 219 — 146 Other consumer 49 53 — 38 Total $ 3,996 $ 5,870 $ — $ 4,686 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate: Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ 114 Consumer: Indirect automobile 426 435 107 293 Other consumer 2 2 2 11 Total $ 428 $ 437 $ 109 $ 418 Total: Commercial real estate: Non-residential $ 1,382 $ 2,472 $ — $ 1,967 Residential real estate 1,794 2,445 — 1,890 Commercial and industrial 183 242 — 423 Consumer: Indirect automobile 797 874 107 629 Home equity 217 219 — 146 Other consumer 51 55 2 49 Total $ 4,424 $ 6,307 $ 109 $ 5,104 The Company has transferred a portion of its originated commercial real estate loans to participating lenders. The amounts transferred have been accounted for as sales and are therefore not included in the Company’s accompanying statements of financial condition. The Company and participating lenders share ratably in any gains or losses that may result from a loan’s performance under its contractual terms. The Company continues to service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders and, as such, collects cash payments from the borrowers, remits payments to participating lenders and disburses required escrow funds to relevant parties. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was servicing loans for participants aggregating $33,413 and $8,466, respectively. Residential mortgage and consumer loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $949 and $625 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are all individually analyzed. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” on January 1, 2023, the Company had no reportable balances related to TDRs as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The Company services certain loans that it has sold to third parties. The aggregate balances of loans serviced for others were $291,375 and $301,235 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Included in these loans serviced for others are loans serviced for the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a recourse provision whereby the Company is obligated to bear all costs when a default, including foreclosure, occurs. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the maximum contingent liability associated with loans sold with recourse was $1,075 and $276, respectively, which is not recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Losses are borne in priority order by the borrower, private mortgage insurance and The balances of capitalized servicing rights, included in other assets at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were $2,195 and $2,409, respectively. Fair value exceeds carrying value, and thus, no impairment charges related to servicing rights were recognized during the six month period ended June 30, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022. Activity in the Company’s ACL for loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 is summarized in the table below. The Adoption of the CECL Standard row presents adjustments recorded on January 1, 2023 through retained earnings. Commercial Commercial Real Estate Residential and Industrial Indirect Consumer Totals Three months ended June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 2,341 $ 170 $ 1,201 $ 5,278 $ 113 $ 9,103 Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (47) 6 (77) (327) (34) (479) Loans charged-off — — (710) (497) (3) (1,210) Recoveries — $ 3 $ 40 $ 514 $ 32 589 Ending balance $ 2,294 $ 179 $ 454 $ 4,968 $ 108 $ 8,003 Commercial Residential Commercial Real Estate Real Estate and Industrial Indirect Consumer Totals Six months ended June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 3,031 $ 103 $ 881 $ 3,868 $ 60 $ 7,943 Adoption of CECL standard (860) 54 (383) 1,710 59 580 Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 123 19 626 (223) (30) 515 Loans charged-off — — (710) (1,486) (25) (2,221) Recoveries — 3 40 1,099 44 1,186 Ending balance $ 2,294 $ 179 $ 454 $ 4,968 $ 108 $ 8,003 Ending balance: Loans individually analyzed $ — $ — $ — $ 62 $ — $ 62 Loans collectively analyzed $ 2,294 $ 179 $ 454 $ 4,906 $ 108 $ 7,941 Loan receivables: Ending balance $ 405,297 $ 60,627 $ 80,374 $ 417,953 $ 20,370 $ 984,621 Ending balance: Loans individually analyzed $ 1,786 $ 1,917 $ 167 $ 424 $ 301 $ 4,595 Loans collectively analyzed $ 403,511 $ 58,710 $ 80,207 $ 417,529 $ 20,069 $ 980,026 Activity in the Company’s allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022 is summarized in the tables below. Commercial Residential Commercial Real Estate Real Estate and Industrial Indirect Consumer Totals Three months ended June 30, 2022 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 3,314 $ 55 $ 743 $ 3,535 $ 53 $ 7,700 Provision for loan losses 126 4 115 60 41 346 Loans charged-off — — — (407) (38) (445) Recoveries — — 1 550 17 568 Ending balance $ 3,440 $ 59 $ 859 $ 3,738 $ 73 $ 8,169 Commercial Residential Commercial Real Estate Real Estate and Industrial Indirect Consumer Totals Six months ended June 30, 2022 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 3,317 $ 54 $ 725 $ 3,416 $ 47 $ 7,559 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 123 (105) 133 355 61 567 Loans charged-off — (44) — (1,054) (61) (1,159) Recoveries — 154 1 1,021 26 1,202 Ending balance $ 3,440 $ 59 $ 859 $ 3,738 $ 73 $ 8,169 Commercial Residential Commercial Real Estate Real Estate and Industrial Indirect Consumer Totals December 31, 2022 Allowance for loan losses: Ending balance: Loans deemed impaired $ — $ — $ — $ 107 $ 2 $ 109 Loans not deemed impaired $ 3,031 $ 103 $ 881 $ 3,761 $ 58 $ 7,834 Loan receivables: Ending balance $ 370,528 $ 53,720 $ 87,982 $ 457,223 $ 20,986 $ 990,439 Ending balance: Loans deemed impaired $ 1,382 $ 1,794 $ 183 $ 797 $ 268 $ 4,424 Loans not deemed impaired $ 369,146 $ 51,926 $ 87,799 $ 456,426 $ 20,718 $ 986,015 The Company has also recorded an ACL for unfunded commitments, which was recorded in other liabilities; see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements. The provision is recorded within the provision for credit losses on the Company’s income statement. The following table summarizes the provision for credit losses for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Provision for (reversal of) credit losses - loans $ (479) $ 346 $ 515 $ 567 Provision for credit losses - unfunded commitments 27 — 47 — Provision for (reversal of) credit losses $ (452) $ 346 $ 562 $ 567 In the normal course of business, the Company grants loans to officers, directors and other related parties. Balances and activity of such loans during the periods presented were not material. On an annual basis, or more often if needed, the Company formally reviews the ratings on all commercial real estate, multifamily, construction and commercial loans. To assist in the review process, the Company engages an independent third-party to review a significant portion of loans within these segments. Consumer loans are rated as performing or non-performing based on payment status in accordance with regulatory retail credit guidance. Management uses the results of these reviews as part of its annual review process. In addition, management utilizes delinquency reports, the watch list and other loan reports to monitor credit quality of other loan segments. Credit Quality Indicators The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Watch Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on rating category, as well as gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and by fiscal year of origination as of June 30, 2023. Revolving Loans by Origination Year Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Amortized Cost Total Commercial construction Pass $ - $ 4,422 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 4,422 Watch 1,969 14,565 5,335 - - - - 21,869 Total commercial construction 1,969 18,987 5,335 - - - - 26,291 Commercial non-residential Pass $ 24,207 $ 44,362 $ 27,090 $ 17,286 $ 40,949 $ 49,864 $ - $ 203,758 Watch 5,016 9,449 8,559 13,176 8,609 40,100 - 84,909 Special mention - - - - 5,960 1,472 - 7,432 Substandard - - - - 485 2,745 - 3,230 Total commercial non-residential 29,223 53,811 35,649 30,462 56,003 94,181 - 299,329 Multifamily Pass $ 820 $ 18,936 $ 30,789 $ 2,136 $ 1,566 $ 4,808 $ - $ 59,055 Watch - 2,600 7,052 - 1,294 9,676 - 20,622 Total multifamily 820 21,536 37,841 2,136 2,860 14,484 - 79,677 Residential Performing $ 9,333 $ 26,619 $ 2,200 $ 2,765 $ 2,656 $ 15,136 $ - $ 58,709 Non-performing - - - - - 1,918 - 1,918 Total residential 9,333 26,619 2,200 2,765 2,656 17,054 - 60,627 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 6,271 $ 22,481 $ 12,304 $ 1,866 $ 1,482 $ 1,997 $ 19,142 $ 65,543 Watch 502 1,491 367 717 695 1,666 7,586 13,024 Special mention 224 - 352 10 50 46 - 682 Substandard - - - - 133 944 48 1,125 Total commercial and industrial 6,997 23,972 13,023 2,593 2,360 4,653 26,776 80,374 Current-period gross write-offs - - 710 - - - - 710 Indirect automobile Performing $ 50,285 $ 190,231 $ 90,754 $ 46,048 $ 28,450 $ 11,762 $ - $ 417,530 Non-performing - 138 149 36 87 13 - 423 Total indirect automobile 50,285 190,369 90,903 46,084 28,537 11,775 - 417,953 Current-period gross write-offs - 633 393 220 143 97 - 1,486 Home equity Performing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 34 $ 4,240 $ 7,208 $ 11,482 Non-performing - - - - - 179 - 179 Total home equity - - - - 34 4,419 7,208 11,661 Other consumer Performing $ 1,605 $ 4,511 $ 1,251 $ 647 $ 213 $ 214 $ 244 $ 8,685 Non-performing - - - 24 - - - 24 Total other consumer 1,605 4,511 1,251 671 213 214 244 8,709 Current-period gross write-offs - 13 - 11 - 1 - 25 Total Loans Pass/performing $ 92,521 $ 311,562 $ 164,388 $ 70,748 $ 75,350 $ 88,021 $ 26,594 $ 829,184 Watch 7,487 28,105 21,313 13,893 10,598 51,442 7,586 140,424 Special mention 224 - 352 10 6,010 1,518 - 8,114 Substandard - - - - 618 3,689 48 4,355 Non-performing - 138 149 60 87 2,110 - 2,544 Total Loans $ 100,232 $ 339,805 $ 186,202 $ 84,711 $ 92,663 $ 146,780 $ 34,228 $ 984,621 Total Current-period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 646 $ 1,103 $ 231 $ 143 $ 98 $ - $ 2,221 The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the pass category and the criticized categories of special mention and substandard within the internal risk system: December 31, 2022 Pass Special Mention Substandard Total Commercial real estate: Construction $ 20,329 $ — $ — $ 20,329 Non-residential 271,491 7,904 3,027 282,422 Multifamily 67,777 — — 67,777 Residential real estate 52,265 — 1,455 53,720 Commercial and industrial 83,680 3,825 477 87,982 Consumer: Indirect automobile 456,112 — 1,111 457,223 Home equity 11,290 — 217 11,507 Other consumer 9,428 — 51 9,479 Total $ 972,372 $ 11,729 $ 6,338 $ 990,439 |