| Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) as determined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for financial reporting. The consolidated financial statements, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our financial position, our results of operations, cash flows and stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the periods presented. The results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be anticipated for any future annual or interim period. On July 1, 2021, we, through our wholly owned indirect subsidiary, merged with Apollo Fusion, Inc. (“Apollo”). The fair value of the consideration paid as of July 1, 2021, was $70.8 million, net of cash acquired (the “Apollo Merger”). The Apollo Merger was accounted for under FASB’s ASC Topic 805, Business Combination (“ASC 805”). Apollo designs, tests, manufactures and operates propulsion modules to enable satellites to orbit in space. The results of operations of Apollo are included in the consolidated financial statements commencing as of July 1, 2021, or the Apollo Acquisition Date. See Note 3 — Acquisitions for additional information. On June 30, 2021, the Business Combination pursuant to the BCA, by and among Holicity, Merger Sub, and pre-combination pre-combination
• the equity holders of pre-combination
• the board of directors of pre-combination
• the senior management of pre-combination
• the operations of pre-combination In connection with the Business Combination, outstanding common stock and preferred convertible stock of the pre-combination Pre-combination pre-combination Principles of Consolidation and Liquidity The consolidated financial statements include the accounts for the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has historically funded its operations primarily by equity financings and convertible promissory notes prior to the Business Combination and subsequently funded its operations through cash proceeds obtained as part of the Business Combination and related private placement. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s existing sources of liquidity included cash and cash equivalents of $325 million. The Company has a limited history of operations and has incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and loss from operations in the past as reflected in the accumulated deficit of $1,408.4 million as of December 31, 2021. The Company expects to continue to incur operating losses due to the investments it intends to make in its business, including the development of products. The Company has adequate cash balances that will be sufficient to fund operating and capital expenditure requirements through at least 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. Segment Reporting Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. All of the Company’s assets are maintained in the United States. The Company has determined that it operates in one operating segment and one reportable segment, as the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Risks and Uncertainties The Company is subject to those risks common in the aerospace and technology industry and also those risks common to early stage companies including, but not limited to, the possibility of not being able to successfully develop or market its products or services, competition, dependence on key personnel and key external alliances, the successful protection of its proprietary technologies, compliance with government regulations, and the possibility of not being able to obtain additional financing when needed. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) COVID-19 as well as broad-based changes in supply and demand. Many of the Company’s customers worldwide were impacted by COVID-19 COVID-19 COVID-19 COVID-19, COVID-19 Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, inventory valuation, stock-based compensation, common stock, derivatives and warrants, useful lives of intangible assets and fixed assets, deferred tax assets, income tax uncertainties, contingent consideration and other contingencies. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investment securities with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consists of cash deposited with banks and a money market account. We determine the appropriate classification of our cash and cash equivalents at the time of purchase. Trade Accounts Receivable Trade accounts receivable are recognized at the invoiced amount that represents an unconditional right to consideration under the contract with customers, less an allowance for any potential expected uncollectible amounts, and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined by estimating the expected credit losses based on historical experience, current economic conditions and certain forward-looking information, among other factors. Uncollectible accounts are written off when deemed uncollectible. No allowances for expected credit losses were recorded as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and no accounts were written off during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consists of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances in bank accounts with one bank. All cash accounts are located in the United States and insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Our accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers or invoice billed to customer that represent unconditional right to consideration located within the U.S. We mitigate collection risks from our customers by performing regular credit evaluations of our customers’ financial conditions. The Company believes there is no exposure to any significant credit risks related to its cash and cash equivalents or accounts receivable and has not experienced any losses in such accounts. Inventories Inventories consist of materials expected to be used for customer-specific contracts. Costs include direct material, direct labor, applicable manufacturing and engineering overhead, and other direct costs. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value determined by the first-in, first-out Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment is measured at cost less any impairment losses and represents those assets with estimated useful lives exceeding one year. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Costs for research and development equipment include amounts related to design, construction, launch and commissioning. Costs for production equipment include amounts related to construction and testing. Interest expense is capitalized on certain qualifying assets that take a substantial period of time to prepare for their intended use. Capitalized interest is not material for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. When the costs of certain components of an item of property, plant and equipment are significant in relation to the total cost of the item and the components have different useful lives, they are accounted for and depreciated separately. Depreciation expense is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset to its residual value. The estimated useful lives are as follows:
Asset Class Estimated useful life
Leasehold improvements Lesser of lease term or useful life
Research and development equipment 5 years
Production equipment 10 years
Furniture and fixtures 5 years
Computer and software 3 years Business Combinations We account for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting, which requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recognized in our consolidated statements of operations. Accounting for business combinations requires our management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date including our estimates for intangible assets, contractual obligations assumed, pre-acquisition reasonable and appropriate, they are based, in part, on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired company and are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing certain acquired intangible assets under the income approach include growth in future expected cash flows from product sales, revenue growth rate, technology royalty rate, expected life of the technology acquired, customer retention rate and discount rates. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed annually on October 1 (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) for impairment. To review for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether events or circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Our qualitative assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, whether performed annually or based on specific events or circumstances, considers various macroeconomic, industry-specific and company-specific factors. Those factors include: (i) severe adverse industry or economic trends; (ii) significant company-specific actions; (iii) current, historical or projected deterioration of our financial performance; or (iv) a sustained decrease in our market capitalization below our net book value. After assessing the totality of events and circumstances, if we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, no further assessment is performed. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units is less than its carrying amount, we calculate the fair value of that reporting unit and compare the fair value to the reporting unit’s net book value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its net book value, there is no impairment. Otherwise, we record a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value up to the amount of the goodwill. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Long-lived Assets Purchased finite-lived intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is recognized over the useful life on a straight-line method. Purchased indefinite-lived intangible asset are capitalized at fair value and assessed for impairment thereafter. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment annually on October 1 or whenever factors or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of long-lived assets, including purchased intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include (i) significant under-performance relative to historical or projected future operating results, (ii) significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business, and (iii) significant negative industry or economic trends. An impairment loss must be measured if the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and before interest) from the use and eventual disposition of the asset (or asset group) is less than the net book value of the asset (or asset group). The amount of the impairment loss will generally be measured as the difference between the net book value of the asset (or asset group) and the estimated fair value. Leases On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Upon adoption of ASC 842, the Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at contract inception by evaluating whether substitution rights exist and whether the Company obtains substantially all of the benefits and directs the use of the identified asset. When the Company determined a lease exists, the Company records a right-of-use The Company does not record lease contracts with a lease term of 12 months or less on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fixed lease costs associated with these short-term contracts are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not record lease contracts acquired in a business combination with a remaining lease term of 12 months or less on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fixed lease costs associated with these short-term contracts are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company recognizes lease expense for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, the Company recognizes amortization expense on the ROU asset and interest expense on the lease liability over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with non-lease non-lease Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage, output, or may vary for other reasons, such as insurance and tax payments. These variable lease costs are recognized as incurred over the lease term. The Company does not include significant restrictions or covenants in lease agreements, and residual value guarantees are generally not included within the Company’s leases. See Note 10 — Leases. Fair Value Measurements The carrying amounts of cash, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and certain other current liabilities approximate fair value because of their short-term maturities. The carrying amounts of the 2018 Term Loans and 2018 Equipment Advances (as defined in Note 7 — Long-Term Debt) approximate fair value as the interest rate varies with the Prime Rate. According to ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy establishes three tiers, which prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3 Entities are permitted to choose to measure certain financial instruments and other items at fair value. The Company has not elected the fair value measurement option for any of the assets or liabilities that meet the criteria for this election. Derivative Instruments The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their respective fair values. The Company evaluates its debt and equity issuances to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives requiring separate recognition in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the embedded derivative is revalued as of each reporting date and recorded as a liability, and the change in fair value during the reporting period is recorded in other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as assets/liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. Derivative instrument assets and liabilities are classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as current or non-current net-cash The Company did not have a derivative liability related to the share settlement obligation of the Company’s convertible notes as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. See Note 7 — Long-Term Debt. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are recognized when events or circumstances have occurred, and amounts are probable and estimable. The Company’s accrued expenses and other current liabilities balances relate to accruals that are recurring in nature to the company’s operations and primarily include accrual of routine operational related expenses, accrued payroll, other employee related liabilities, accrued interest related to debt, contract liabilities and other accrued liabilities. The Company also recognizes legal accruals in accrued expenses and other current liabilities for material litigation when payments are probable and estimable in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies. Warrant Liabilities The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding. For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in non-cash Convertible Preferred Stock Series A, B and C convertible preferred stock (“Convertible Preferred Stock”) are classified in temporary equity as they contain terms that could require the Company to redeem them for cash at the option of the holder or the occurrence of other events not solely within the Company’s control. The shares of Series A, B and C Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into Class A common stock upon consummation of the Business Combination. Revenue Recognition In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers Topic 606 2014-09”). 2014-09, Under ASC 606, the Company will recognize revenue to reflect the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Through its current and anticipated offerings, the Company expects to generate revenue by providing the following services: Launch Services Space Products in-space Space Services As of December 31, 2021, the Company has only entered into contracts for launch services and space products. As of December 31, 2021, the Company is in early stages of developing our space services offerings which includes communication service and constellation services. The Company’s contracts may provide customers with termination for convenience clauses, which may or may not include termination penalties. In some contracts, the size of the contractual termination penalty increases closer to the scheduled launch date. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates each contract’s termination provisions and the impact on the accounting contract term, i.e., the period in which the Company has enforceable rights and obligations. This includes evaluating whether there are termination penalties and if so, whether they are considered substantive. The Company applies judgment in determining whether the termination penalties are substantive. No revenue has been recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Revenue for launch services and space products is expected to be recognized at a point in time when the Company has delivered the promised services or products to customers. Although the Company’s contracts are anticipated to last anywhere from six to 24 months, depending on the number of launch services or units of products ordered, the delivery of services leading up to the launch within the contracts is short-term in nature, generally between 30 to 60 days. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from contract billing or payment schedules, resulting in revenues that have been earned but not billed (“unbilled revenue”) or amounts that have been collected, but not earned (“contract liabilities”). Typical Contractual Arrangements The Company expects to provide its services based upon a combination of a Statement of Work (“SOW”) and an executed contract detailing the general terms and conditions. Services are expected to be provided based on a fixed price per launch service or units of space products as identified in the contract. Performance Obligations and Transaction Price At contract inception, an assessment of the goods and services promised in the contracts with customers is performed and a performance obligation is identified for each distinct promise to transfer to the customer a good or service (or bundle of goods or services). To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all the goods or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. A contract for launch services generally requires the Company to provide an integrated service for each launch, which includes launch vehicle analysis and design, development and production, payload integration, launch preparation and launch support execution. The intention of the contract is to provide a full-service launch to the customer rather than providing separate deliverables of each of the services outlined above, and these services are interdependent and interrelated. The Company believes that each dedicated launch will represent one single performance obligation. A contract for space products generally requires the Company to provide integrated propulsion systems, which includes analysis and design, development and production. The intention of the contract is to provide a fully functional propulsion system to the customer and all the activities are interdependent and interrelated. The Company believes that the delivery of the propulsion system will represent one single performance obligation. The transaction price is defined as the amount of consideration in a contract to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, which is a fixed price stated in the contract. When a contract involves multiple launches or units, the Company will account for each launch or unit as a separate performance obligation, because the customer can benefit from each launch or unit on its own or with other readily available resources and the launch or unit is separately identifiable. The transaction price will be allocated to each performance obligation on an estimated relative standalone selling price basis. The Company’s process to estimate standalone selling prices will involve management’s judgment and will consider multiple factors such as prices charged for similar goods and services and the Company’s ongoing pricing strategy and policies. Recognition of Revenue The work performed by the Company in fulfilling the performance obligation is not expected to create an asset to the customer since the launch vehicle that is built to deliver the customer’s payload into orbit will not be owned by the customer or the propulsion systems that are built to thrust the customers’ satellite into orbit will not be owned by the customer until its delivered to the customer. The Company expects to recognize revenue upon completion of the performance obligations under its launch services and space products agreements. Contracts related to research and development activities are recognized as other income. See Other Income, net Other Policies, Judgments and Practical Expedients Contract balances. Remaining performance obligations Costs to obtain a contract. For contract costs related to performance obligations with an amortization period of one year or less, the Company applies the practical expedient to expense these sales commissions when incurred. These costs are recognized as incurred within sales and marketing expenses on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Significant financing component. For the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has not recognized any revenues with respect to the Company’s launch services business of delivering payloads into low-earth Other Income, net Other income, net, primarily consists of changes in fair value of mark to market derivative liabilities of convertible notes, public and private placement of warrants and contingent consideration, funding received from governmental entities, and one-time non-recurring charges that are outside of the Company’s operations. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments, warrant liabilities and contingent consideration in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their respective fair value at each reporting date, with measurement adjustments recorded in other income, net within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 5 — Supplemental Financial Information. Loss on Extinguishment of Convertible Notes The Company recognized a total loss on extinguishment of convertible notes of $133.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. No loss was recognized for the extinguishment of convertible notes for the year ended December 30, 2020 and 2019. On January 28, 2021, the Company settled all convertible notes outstanding as of December 31, 2020 through its Series C financing. Given that certain convertible notes were settled based on negotiated terms between the Company and the note holders, the Company concluded that such settlement should be treated as a privately negotiated debt settlement transaction where debt extinguishment accounting should be applied. Therefore, the Company recognized the loss on extinguishment of convertible notes, which represents the difference between the net carrying amount of the convertible notes at the time of extinguishment and the fair value of Series C convertible preferred stock issued to settle these convertible notes. See Note 7 — Long-Term Debt. Research and Development The Company incurs various direct costs in relation to the research and development of launch vehicles along with costs to build the facility to test such vehicles and spacecraft. Research and development costs consist primarily of production supplies, testing materials, personnel costs (including salaries and benefits), depreciation expense, overhead allocation (consisting of various support and facility costs), stock-based compensation and consulting fees. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company expensed research and development costs of $80.4 million, $27.5 million and $40.1 million, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation expense for time-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) over the requisite service period based on the fair value of RSUs on the date of grant. The fair value of RSUs is the closing market price of Astra common stock on the date of grant. We recognize compensation expense for time-based stock options and employee stock purchase plan, based on the estimated grant-date fair value determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model over the requisite service period. Certain stock options include service, market and performance conditions (“performance-based stock options” or “PSO”). The fair value of performance-based stock options is estimated on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo simulation model. Certain RSUs also include service and performance conditions (“performance-based units” or “PSU”). The fair value of performance-based units is the closing market price of Astra common stock on the date of grant. Awards that include performance conditions are assessed at the end of each reporting period whether those performance conditions are met or probable of being met and involves significant judgement. For performance-based stock options, stock-based compensation expense associated with each tranche is recognized over the longer of (i) the expected achievement period for the operational milestone for such tranche and (ii) the expected achievement period for the related share price milestone determined on the grant date, beginning at the point in time when the relevant operational milestone is considered probable of being achieved. If such operational milestone becomes probable any time after the grant date, we will recognize a cumulative catch-up achievement period of individual performance milestones and the implicit service period when the achievement of each individual performance milestone becomes probable. The Company does not apply an expected forfeiture rate and accounts for forfeitures as they occur. See Note 15 — Stock-based Compensation. Income Taxes The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If it is not more likely than not that a position will be sustained, no amount of benefit attributable to the position is recognized. The tax benefit to be recognized of any tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon resolution of the contingency. It is the Company’s policy to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax |
