Caterpillar (CAT) 10-Q 1 Aug 19 2019 Q2 Quarterly report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information Document	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019shares
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2019
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-768
Entity Registrant Name	CATERPILLAR INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	37-0602744
Entity Address, Address Line One	510 Lake Cook Road,
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 100,
Entity Address, City or Town	Deerfield,
Entity Address, State or Province	IL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	60015
City Area Code	224
Local Phone Number	551-4000
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	562,589,191
Entity Central Index Key	0000018230
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Common Stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock ($1.00 par value)
Trading Symbol	CAT
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
9 3/8% Debentures due March 15, 2021
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	9 3/8% Debentures due March 15, 2021
Trading Symbol	CAT21
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
8% Debentures due February 15, 2023
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	8% Debentures due February 15, 2023
Trading Symbol	CAT23
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
5.3% Debentures due September 15, 2035
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	5.3% Debentures due September 15, 2035
Trading Symbol	CAT35
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

Consolidated Statement of Resul

Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Sales and revenues:
Sales and revenues		$ 14,432	$ 14,011	$ 27,898	$ 26,870
Operating costs:
Cost of Revenue		9,941	9,422	18,944	17,988
Selling, general and administrative expenses		1,309	1,440	2,628	2,716
Research and development expenses		441	462	876	905
Interest expense of Financial Products		192	182	382	348
Other operating (income) expenses		336	338	648	638
Total operating costs		12,219	11,844	23,478	22,595
Operating profit		2,213	2,167	4,420	4,275
Interest expense excluding Financial Products		(103)	(102)	(206)	(203)
Other income (expense)		68	121	228	248
Consolidated profit before taxes		2,178	2,186	4,442	4,320
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		565	490	952	962
Profit of consolidated companies		1,613	1,696	3,490	3,358
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies		6	9	13	14
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies		1,619	1,705	3,503	3,372
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1)	(2)	2	0
Profit	[1]	$ 1,620	$ 1,707	$ 3,501	$ 3,372
Profit per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 2.85	$ 2.86	$ 6.14	$ 5.65
Profit per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	[2]	$ 2.83	$ 2.82	$ 6.08	$ 5.56
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (millions)
Basic (in shares)		567.8	596.2	569.9	597
Diluted (in shares)	[2]	573.1	604.2	575.8	606.1
Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues:
Sales and revenues		$ 13,671	$ 13,279	$ 26,395	$ 25,429
Financial Products
Sales and revenues:
Sales and revenues		$ 761	$ 732	$ 1,503	$ 1,441
[1]	Profit attributable to common shareholders.
[2]	Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards using the treasury stock method.

Consolidated Statement of Compr

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income QTD - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	$ 1,619	$ 1,705
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax:
Foreign currency translation, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $6; 2018 - $(30)	99	(411)
Pension and other postretirement benefits:
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $3; 2018 - $1	(7)	(7)
Derivative financial instruments:
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $4; 2018 - $(13)	(16)	36
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $1; 2018 - $30	1	96
Available-for-sale securities:
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $(2); 2018 - $1	15	(2)
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $0; 2018 - $0	(1)	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	89	(480)
Comprehensive income	1,708	1,225
Less: comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interests	(1)	(2)
Comprehensive income attributable to shareholders	$ 1,709	$ 1,227

Consolidated statement of Com_2

Consolidated statement of Comprehensive income YTD Statement - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income YTD [Abstract]
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	$ 3,503	$ 3,372
Foreign currency translation, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $2; 2018 - $(15)	77	(227)
Current year prior service credit (cost), net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $0; 2018 - $1	0	2
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $6; 2018 - $3	(14)	(14)
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $1; 2018 - $(14)	(6)	41
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $3; 2018 - $24	10	78
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax (provision)/benefit of: 2019 - $(8); 2018 - $3	30	(13)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	77	(293)
Comprehensive income	3,580	3,079
Less: comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interests	2	0
Comprehensive income attributable to shareholders	$ 3,578	$ 3,079

Consolidated Statement of Com_3

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Foreign currency translation, tax (provision)/benefit	$ 6	$ (30)	$ 2	$ (15)
Pension and other postretirement benefits, Current year actuarial gain (loss), tax (provision)/benefit	0	0	0	0
Pension and other postretirement benefits, Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss, tax (provision)/benefit	0	0	0	0
Pension and other postretirement benefits, Current year prior service credit (cost), tax (provision)/benefit	0	0	0	1
Pension and other postretirement benefits, Amortization of prior service (credit) cost, tax (provision)/benefit	3	1	6	3
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation, (provision)/benefit	0	0	0	0
Available-for-sale securities, Gains (losses) deferred, tax (provision)/benefit	(2)	1	(8)	3
Available-for-sale securities, (Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, tax (provision)/benefit	0	0	0	0
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification, Tax	(4)	13	(1)	14
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, Tax	$ 1	$ 30	$ 3	$ 24

Consolidated Statement of Finan

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and short-term investments	$ 7,429	$ 7,857
Receivables - trade and other	8,996	8,802
Receivables - finance	9,539	8,650
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,818	1,765
Inventories	12,007	11,529
Total current assets	39,789	38,603
Property, plant and equipment - net	13,172	13,574
Long-term receivables - trade and other	1,154	1,161
Long-term receivables - finance	12,461	13,286
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes	1,473	1,439
Intangible assets	1,733	1,897
Goodwill	6,211	6,217
Other assets	3,194	2,332
Total assets	79,187	78,509
Short-term borrowings:
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	0	0
Financial Products	5,266	5,723
Accounts payable	7,022	7,051
Accrued expenses	3,789	3,573
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits	1,411	2,384
Customer advances	1,263	1,243
Dividends payable	579	495
Other current liabilities	2,157	1,919
Long-term debt due within one year:
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	13	10
Financial Products	6,235	5,820
Total current liabilities	27,735	28,218
Long-term debt due after one year:
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	7,657	8,005
Financial Products	17,107	16,995
Liability for postemployment benefits	7,448	7,455
Other liabilities	4,362	3,756
Total liabilities	64,309	64,429
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 10 and 13)
Shareholders' equity
Common stock of $1.00 par value: Authorized shares: 2,000,000,000 Issued shares: (6/30/2019 and 12/31/18 – 814,894,624) at paid-in amount	5,822	5,827
Treasury stock (6/30/19 – 252,305,433 shares; 12/31/18 – 239,351,886 shares) at cost	(22,467)	(20,531)
Profit employed in the business	32,981	30,427
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,499)	(1,684)
Noncontrolling interests	41	41
Total shareholders' equity	14,878	14,080
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 79,187	$ 78,509

Consolidated Statement of Fin_2

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock, Authorized shares	2,000,000,000	2,000,000,000
Common stock, Issued shares	814,894,624	814,894,624
Treasury stock, shares	252,305,433	239,351,886

Consolidated Statement of Chang

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions		Total	Common stock	Treasury stock	Profit employed in the business	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Noncontrolling interests
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017		$ 13,766	$ 5,593	$ (17,005)	$ 26,301	$ (1,192)	$ 69
Adjustments to adopt new accounting guidance | Revenue recognition		(12)	0	0	(12)	0	0
Adjustments to adopt new accounting guidance | Tax accounting for intra-entity asset transfers		(35)	0	0	(35)	0	0
Adjustments to adopt new accounting guidance | Recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities		0	0	0	11	(11)	0
Balance at Jan. 01, 2018		13,719	5,593	(17,005)	26,265	(1,203)	69
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017		13,766	5,593	(17,005)	26,301	(1,192)	69
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholders' Equity
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies		3,372	0	0	3,372	0	0
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax		(227)	0	0	0	(227)	0
Pension and other postretirement benefits, net of tax		(16)	0	0	0	(16)	0
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax		(37)	0	0	0	(37)	0
Available-for-sale securities, net of tax		(13)	0	0	0	(13)	0
Change in Ownership for Noncontrolling Interests		3	(2)	0	0	0	5
Dividends declared	[1]	(980)	0	0	(980)	0	0
Distribution to noncontrolling interests		(1)	0	0	0	0	(1)
Common shares issued from treasury stock for stock-based compensation: three months: 1,302,208 in 2018 and 644,039 in 2019; six months: 4,729,038 in 2018 and 2,503,104 in 2019		256	29	227	0	0	0
Stock-based compensation expense, before tax (in dollars)		112	112	0	0	0	0
Common shares repurchased: three months: 4,881,793 in 2018 and 9,757,126 in 2019; six months: 8,029,422 in 2018 and15,456,651 in 2019	[2]	(1,250)	0	(1,250)	0	0	0
Other		10	10	0	0	0	0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018		$ 14,942	5,746	(18,028)	28,657	(1,496)	63
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholders' Equity
Dividends declared		$ 1.64
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018		$ 15,272	5,640	(17,347)	27,929	(1,016)	66
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholders' Equity
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies		1,705	0	0	1,707	0	(2)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax		(411)	0	0	0	(411)	0
Pension and other postretirement benefits, net of tax		(7)	0	0	0	(7)	0
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax		(60)	0	0	0	(60)	0
Available-for-sale securities, net of tax		(2)	0	0	0	(2)	0
Dividends declared	[3]	(979)	0	0	(979)	0	0
Distribution to noncontrolling interests		(1)	0	0	0	0	(1)
Common shares issued from treasury stock for stock-based compensation: three months: 1,302,208 in 2018 and 644,039 in 2019; six months: 4,729,038 in 2018 and 2,503,104 in 2019		107	38	69	0	0	0
Stock-based compensation expense, before tax (in dollars)		62	62	0	0	0	0
Common shares repurchased: three months: 4,881,793 in 2018 and 9,757,126 in 2019; six months: 8,029,422 in 2018 and15,456,651 in 2019	[2]	(750)	0	(750)	0	0	0
Other		6	6	0	0	0	0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018		$ 14,942	5,746	(18,028)	28,657	(1,496)	63
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholders' Equity
Dividends declared		$ 1.64
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018		$ 14,080	5,827	(20,531)	30,427	(1,684)	41
Adjustments to adopt new accounting guidance | Accounting Standards Update 2016-02	[4]	235	0	0	235	0	0
Adjustments to adopt new accounting guidance | Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member]	[4]	0	0	0	(108)	108	0
Balance at Jan. 01, 2019		14,315	5,827	(20,531)	30,554	(1,576)	41
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018		14,080	5,827	(20,531)	30,427	(1,684)	41
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholders' Equity
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies		3,503	0	0	3,501	0	2
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax		77	0	0	0	77	0
Pension and other postretirement benefits, net of tax		(14)	0	0	0	(14)	0
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax		(16)	0	0	0	(16)	0
Available-for-sale securities, net of tax		30	0	0	0	30	0
Dividends declared	[1]	(1,074)	0	0	(1,074)	0	0
Distribution to noncontrolling interests		(2)	0	0	0	0	(2)
Common shares issued from treasury stock for stock-based compensation: three months: 1,302,208 in 2018 and 644,039 in 2019; six months: 4,729,038 in 2018 and 2,503,104 in 2019		39	(62)	101	0	0	0
Stock-based compensation expense, before tax (in dollars)		113	113	0	0	0	0
Common shares repurchased: three months: 4,881,793 in 2018 and 9,757,126 in 2019; six months: 8,029,422 in 2018 and15,456,651 in 2019	[2]	(2,037)	0	(2,037)	0	0	0
Other		(56)	(56)	0	0	0	0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019		$ 14,878	5,822	(22,467)	32,981	(1,499)	41
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholders' Equity
Dividends declared		$ 1.89
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019		$ 15,478	5,804	(21,214)	32,435	(1,588)	41
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholders' Equity
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies		1,619	0	0	1,620	0	(1)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax		99	0	0	0	99	0
Pension and other postretirement benefits, net of tax		(7)	0	0	0	(7)	0
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax		(17)	0	0	0	(17)	0
Available-for-sale securities, net of tax		14	0	0	0	14	0
Dividends declared	[3]	(1,074)	0	0	(1,074)	0	0
Distribution to noncontrolling interests		(1)	0	0	0	0	(1)
Common shares issued from treasury stock for stock-based compensation: three months: 1,302,208 in 2018 and 644,039 in 2019; six months: 4,729,038 in 2018 and 2,503,104 in 2019		44	11	33	0	0	0
Stock-based compensation expense, before tax (in dollars)		68	68	0	0	0	0
Common shares repurchased: three months: 4,881,793 in 2018 and 9,757,126 in 2019; six months: 8,029,422 in 2018 and15,456,651 in 2019	[2]	(1,286)	0	(1,286)	0	0	0
Other		(59)	(61)	0	0	0	2
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019		$ 14,878	$ 5,822	$ (22,467)	$ 32,981	$ (1,499)	$ 41
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholders' Equity
Dividends declared		$ 1.89
[1]	Dividends per share of common stock of $1.89 and $1.64 were declared in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
[2]	See Note 12 for additional information.
[3]	Dividends per share of common stock of $1.89 and $ 1.64 were declared in the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
[4]	See Note 2 for additional information.

Consolidated Statement of Cha_2

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Parentheticals) - shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Common shares issued from treasury stock for stock-based compensation (in shares)	644,039	1,302,281	2,503,104	4,729,038
Common shares repurchased (in shares)	9,757,126	4,881,793	15,456,651	8,029,422

Consolidated Statement of Cash

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Cash flow from operating activities:
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	$ 3,503	$ 3,372
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation and amortization	1,288	1,367
Other	440	446
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables - trade and other	(166)	(703)
Inventories	(487)	(1,208)
Accounts payable	134	545
Accrued expenses	151	(31)
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits	(979)	(768)
Customer advances	14	(54)
Other assets - net	(221)	174
Other liabilities - net	32	(57)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	3,709	3,083
Cash flow from investing activities:
Capital expenditures - excluding equipment leased to others	(479)	(645)
Expenditures for equipment leased to others	(746)	(883)
Proceeds from disposals of leased assets and property, plant and equipment	422	539
Additions to finance receivables	(6,181)	(6,143)
Collections of finance receivables	5,902	5,405
Proceeds from sale of finance receivables	119	124
Investments and acquisitions (net of cash acquired)	(3)	(348)
Proceeds from sale of businesses and investments (net of cash sold)	0	12
Proceeds from sale of securities	170	168
Investments in securities	(243)	(318)
Other - net	(40)	21
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(1,079)	(2,068)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Dividends paid	(986)	(933)
Common stock issued, including treasury shares reissued	39	256
Common shares repurchased	(2,105)	(1,250)
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months):
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	0	0
Financial Products	5,340	4,307
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months):
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	(4)	(3)
Financial Products	(4,897)	(4,433)
Short-term borrowings - net (original maturities three months or less)	(436)	1,487
Other - net	(2)	(4)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(3,051)	(573)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(10)	(68)
Increase (decrease) in cash and short-term investments and restricted cash	(431)	374
Cash and short-term investments and restricted cash at beginning of period	7,890	8,320
Cash and short-term investments and restricted cash at end of period	$ 7,459	$ 8,694

Nature of Operations, Basis of

Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Change in Accounting Principle	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation	A. Nature of operations Information in our financial statements and related commentary are presented in the following categories: Machinery, Energy & Transportation (ME&T) – Represents the aggregate total of Construction Industries, Resource Industries, Energy & Transportation and the All Other operating segment and related corporate items and eliminations. Financial Products – Primarily includes the company’s Financial Products Segment. This category includes Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation (Cat Financial), Caterpillar Insurance Holdings Inc. (Insurance Services) and their respective subsidiaries. B. Basis of presentation In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of (a) the consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , (b) the consolidated comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , (c) the consolidated financial position at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , (d) the consolidated changes in shareholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 and (e) the consolidated cash flow for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 . The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 ( 2018 Form 10-K). The December 31, 2018 financial position data included herein is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2018 Form 10-K but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) We have affiliates, suppliers and dealers that are VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Although we have provided financial support, we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of each entity. Our maximum exposure to loss from VIEs for which we are not the primary beneficiary was $148 million and $131 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. In addition, Cat Financial has end-user customers that are VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Although we have provided financial support to these entities and therefore have a variable interest, we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance. Our maximum exposure to loss from our involvement with these VIEs is limited to the credit risk inherently present in the financial support that we have provided. These risks are evaluated and reflected in our financial statements as part of our overall portfolio of finance receivables and related allowance for credit losses.

New Accounting Guidance

New Accounting Guidance	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
New Accounting Guidance	New accounting guidance A. Adoption of new accounting standards Lease accounting ( Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02) – In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued accounting guidance that revises the accounting for leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for substantially all leases. The new guidance will continue to classify leases as either financing or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. The accounting applied by a lessor under the new guidance will be substantially equivalent to current lease accounting guidance. The new guidance was effective January 1, 2019 and was applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. The prior period comparative information has not been recasted and continues to be reported under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods. The new guidance provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We elected the "package of practical expedients," which allows us not to reassess under the new guidance our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. We did not elect the use-of-hindsight practical expedient. In addition, the new guidance provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing lessee accounting. For certain property and information technology equipment leases, we have elected to separate payments for lease components from non-lease components. For all other leases, we have elected not to separate lease and non-lease components. We have elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify, which means we will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for these leases with a term of twelve months or less. The most significant effects of adoption relate to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for operating leases and providing new disclosures about our leasing activities. In addition, we derecognized existing assets and debt obligations for a sale-leaseback transaction that qualified for sale accounting under the new guidance. The gain associated with this change in accounting was recognized through opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our results of operations. In March 2019, the FASB issued Leases - Codification improvements (ASU 2019-01) which amended the new leasing guidance. Under these amendments, lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers will use their cost, less any discounts that may apply, as the fair value of the underlying asset, and lessors within the scope of Financial Services-Depository and Lending guidance will present all principal payments received under leases within investment activities on the statement of cash flows. We adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2019, and the adoption did not have a material impact to our financial statements. See Note 10 for additional information. The cumulative effect of initially applying the new lease guidance to our consolidated financial statements on January 1, 2019 was as follows: Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Balance as of December 31, 2018 Cumulative Impact from Adopting New Lease Guidance Balance as of January 1, 2019 Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 1,765 $ (17 ) $ 1,748 Property, plant and equipment - net $ 13,574 $ (26 ) $ 13,548 Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes $ 1,439 $ (77 ) $ 1,362 Other assets $ 2,332 $ 713 $ 3,045 Liabilities Accrued expenses $ 3,573 $ (27 ) $ 3,546 Other current liabilities $ 1,919 $ 209 $ 2,128 Long-term debt due after one year Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 8,005 $ (362 ) $ 7,643 Other liabilities $ 3,756 $ 538 $ 4,294 Shareholders' equity Profit employed in the business $ 30,427 $ 235 $ 30,662 The following ASUs were effective January 1, 2019 and did not have a material impact on our financial statements: ASU Description 2017-08 Premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities 2017-12 Derivatives and hedging - Targeted improvements 2018-02 Reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income B. Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted Credit losses (ASU 2016-13) – In June 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance to introduce a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. The new guidance will apply to loans, accounts receivable, trade receivables, other financial assets measured at amortized cost, loan commitments and other off-balance sheet credit exposures. The new guidance will also apply to debt securities and other financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. The new guidance is effective January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted beginning January 1, 2019. An implementation team continues to evaluate data requirements and methodologies and has started designing new processes and controls. The team is also modeling results to assess the effect of the new guidance on our financial statements. We plan to adopt the new guidance effective January 1, 2020. We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed above were assessed and either determined to be not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

Sales and revenue contract info

Sales and revenue contract information	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue from contracts with customers	Sales and revenue contract information Trade receivables represent amounts due from dealers and end users for the sale of our products. In addition, Cat Financial provides wholesale inventory financing for a dealer's purchase of inventory. Wholesale inventory receivables are included in Receivables – trade and other and Long-term receivables – trade and other in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Trade receivables from dealers and end users were $7,870 million and $7,743 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, and are recognized in Receivables – trade and other in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Long-term trade receivables from dealers and end users were $663 million and $674 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, and are recognized in Long-term receivables – trade and other in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. We invoice in advance of recognizing the sale of certain products. We recognize advanced customer payments as a contract liability in Customer advances and Other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Long-term customer advances recognized in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position were $434 million and $437 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. We reduce the contract liability when revenue is recognized. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 , we recognized $368 million and $875 million , respectively, of revenue that was recorded as a contract liability at the beginning of 2019. As of June 30, 2019 , we have entered into contracts with dealers and end users for which sales have not been recognized as we have not satisfied our performance obligations and transferred control of the products. The dollar amount of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original duration greater than one year is $6.0 billion , of which $2.4 billion is expected to be completed and revenue recognized in the twelve months following June 30, 2019 . We have elected the practical expedient not to disclose unsatisfied performance obligations with an original contract duration of one year or less. Contracts with an original duration of one year or less are primarily sales to dealers for machinery, engines and replacement parts. See Note 16 for further disaggregated sales and revenues information.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-based compensation Accounting for stock-based compensation requires that the cost resulting from all stock-based payments be recognized in the financial statements based on the grant date fair value of the award. Our stock-based compensation primarily consists of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance-based restricted stock units (PRSUs). Upon separation from service, if a participant is 55 years of age or older with more than five years of service, the participant meets the criteria for a "Long Service Separation." For PRSU awards granted prior to 2019, only a prorated number of shares may vest at the end of the performance period based upon achievement of the performance target, with the proration based upon the number of months of continuous employment during the three-year performance period. Award terms for the 2019 PRSU grant allow for continued vesting upon achievement of the performance target specified in the award document for employees who meet the criteria for a "Long Service Separation" and fulfill a requisite service period of six months. Compensation expense for the 2019 PRSU grant with respect to employees who have met the criteria for a "Long Service Separation" is recognized over the period from the grant date to the end of the six-month requisite service period. For employees who become eligible for a "Long Service Separation" subsequent to the end date of the six-month requisite service period and prior to the completion of the vesting period, compensation expense is recognized over the period from the grant date to the date eligibility is achieved. We recognized pretax stock-based compensation expense of $68 million and $113 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 , respectively, and $62 million and $112 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , respectively. The following table illustrates the type and fair value of the stock-based compensation awards granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively: Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Shares Granted Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share Weighted-Average Grant Date Stock Price Shares Granted Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share Weighted-Average Grant Date Stock Price Stock options 1,499,524 $ 40.98 $ 138.35 1,566,788 $ 46.18 $ 151.12 RSUs 657,389 $ 138.35 $ 138.35 683,339 $ 151.16 $ 151.16 PRSUs 342,097 $ 138.35 $ 138.35 339,559 $ 151.12 $ 151.12 The following table provides the assumptions used in determining the fair value of the stock-based awards for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively: Grant Year 2019 2018 Weighted-average dividend yield 2.56% 2.70% Weighted-average volatility 29.1% 30.2% Range of volatilities 25.1-38.7% 21.5-33.0% Range of risk-free interest rates 2.48-2.68% 2.02-2.87% Weighted-average expected lives 7 years 8 years As of June 30, 2019 , the total remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock-based compensation awards was $261 million , which will be amortized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service periods of approximately 1.8

Derivative Financial Instrument

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management	Derivative financial instruments and risk management Our earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. Our Risk Management Policy (policy) allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate, interest rate and commodity price exposures. Our policy specifies that derivatives are not to be used for speculative purposes. Derivatives that we use are primarily foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts, interest rate contracts and commodity forward and option contracts. Our derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of our senior financial officers. Risk management practices, including the use of financial derivative instruments, are presented to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors at least annually. All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at their fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, we designate the derivative as (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (fair value hedge), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flow (cash flow hedge) or (3) an undesignated instrument. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged recognized asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a cash flow hedge are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), to the extent effective, on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position until they are reclassified to earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of undesignated derivative instruments are reported in current earnings. Cash flows from designated derivative financial instruments are classified within the same category as the item being hedged on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow. Cash flows from undesignated derivative financial instruments are included in the investing category on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow. We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and linking cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow. We also formally assess, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flow of hedged items. When a derivative is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively, in accordance with the derecognition criteria for hedge accounting. Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Foreign currency exchange rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the U.S. dollar value of sales made and costs incurred in foreign currencies. Movements in foreign currency rates also affect our competitive position as these changes may affect business practices and/or pricing strategies of non-U.S.-based competitors. Additionally, we have balance sheet positions denominated in foreign currencies, thereby creating exposure to movements in exchange rates. Our Machinery, Energy & Transportation operations purchase, manufacture and sell products in many locations around the world. As we have a diversified revenue and cost base, we manage our future foreign currency cash flow exposure on a net basis. We use foreign currency forward and option contracts to manage unmatched foreign currency cash inflow and outflow. Our objective is to minimize the risk of exchange rate movements that would reduce the U.S. dollar value of our foreign currency cash flow. Our policy allows for managing anticipated foreign currency cash flow for up to five years . As of June 30, 2019 , the maximum term of these outstanding contracts was approximately 51 months . We generally designate as cash flow hedges at inception of the contract any Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound, Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, Indian rupee, Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Singapore dollar or Thailand baht forward or option contracts that meet the requirements for hedge accounting and the maturity extends beyond the current quarter-end. Designation is performed on a specific exposure basis to support hedge accounting. The remainder of Machinery, Energy & Transportation foreign currency contracts are undesignated. As of June 30, 2019 , $6 million of deferred net gains, net of tax, included in equity (AOCI in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position), are expected to be reclassified to current earnings (Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations) over the next twelve months when earnings are affected by the hedged transactions. The actual amount recorded in Other income (expense) will vary based on exchange rates at the time the hedged transactions impact earnings. In managing foreign currency risk for our Financial Products operations, our objective is to minimize earnings volatility resulting from conversion and the remeasurement of net foreign currency balance sheet positions and future transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our policy allows the use of foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts to offset the risk of currency mismatch between our assets and liabilities and exchange rate risk associated with future transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our foreign currency forward and option contracts are primarily undesignated. We designate fixed-to-fixed cross currency contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against movements in exchange rates on foreign currency fixed-rate assets and liabilities. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the amount of our interest payments and the value of our fixed-rate debt. Our practice is to use interest rate contracts to manage our exposure to interest rate changes. Our Machinery, Energy & Transportation operations generally use fixed-rate debt as a source of funding. Our objective is to minimize the cost of borrowed funds. Our policy allows us to enter into fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts and forward rate agreements to meet that objective. We designate fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts as fair value hedges at inception of the contract, and we designate certain forward rate agreements as cash flow hedges at inception of the contract. Financial Products operations has a match-funding policy that addresses interest rate risk by aligning the interest rate profile (fixed or floating rate) of Cat Financial’s debt portfolio with the interest rate profile of our receivables portfolio within predetermined ranges on an ongoing basis. In connection with that policy, we use interest rate derivative instruments to modify the debt structure to match assets within the receivables portfolio. This matched funding reduces the volatility of margins between interest-bearing assets and interest-bearing liabilities, regardless of which direction interest rates move. Our policy allows us to use fixed-to-floating, floating-to-fixed and floating-to-floating interest rate contracts to meet the match-funding objective. We designate fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts as fair value hedges to protect debt against changes in fair value due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. We designate most floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. We have, at certain times, liquidated fixed-to-floating and floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts at both Machinery, Energy & Transportation and Financial Products. The gains or losses associated with these contracts at the time of liquidation are amortized into earnings over the original term of the previously designated hedged item. Commodity Price Risk Commodity price movements create a degree of risk by affecting the price we must pay for certain raw material. Our policy is to use commodity forward and option contracts to manage the commodity risk and reduce the cost of purchased materials. Our Machinery, Energy & Transportation operations purchase base and precious metals embedded in the components we purchase from suppliers. Our suppliers pass on to us price changes in the commodity portion of the component cost. In addition, we are subject to price changes on energy products such as natural gas and diesel fuel purchased for operational use. Our objective is to minimize volatility in the price of these commodities. Our policy allows us to enter into commodity forward and option contracts to lock in the purchase price of a portion of these commodities within a five-year horizon. All such commodity forward and option contracts are undesignated. The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position are as follows: (Millions of dollars) Consolidated Statement of Financial Asset (Liability) Fair Value Position Location June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Designated derivatives Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Receivables – trade and other $ 26 $ 16 Machinery, Energy & Transportation Accrued expenses (17 ) (26 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other liabilities (4 ) (9 ) Financial Products Receivables – trade and other 47 53 Financial Products Long-term receivables – trade and other 15 35 Financial Products Accrued expenses (17 ) (9 ) Interest rate contracts Financial Products Receivables – trade and other — 1 Financial Products Long-term receivables – trade and other 6 3 Financial Products Accrued expenses (71 ) (40 ) $ (15 ) $ 24 Undesignated derivatives Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Receivables – trade and other $ 5 $ 2 Machinery, Energy & Transportation Accrued expenses — (21 ) Financial Products Receivables – trade and other 11 15 Financial Products Long-term receivables – trade and other 5 5 Financial Products Accrued expenses (20 ) (14 ) Commodity contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Receivables – trade and other 4 1 Machinery, Energy & Transportation Accrued expenses (8 ) (31 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other liabilities (1 ) — $ (4 ) $ (43 ) The total notional amounts of the derivative instruments are as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 2,110 $ 1,834 Financial Products $ 8,736 $ 10,210 The notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amounts exchanged by the parties are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates or commodity prices. The effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations is as follows: Cash Flow Hedges Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Recognized in Earnings (Millions of dollars) Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI Classification of Amount of Gains Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations containing hedging gains (losses) Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 4 Cost of goods sold $ (1 ) $ 9,941 Financial Products 10 Interest expense of Financial Products 7 $ 192 Other income (expense) (4 ) $ 68 Interest rate contracts Financial Products (34 ) Interest expense of Financial Products — $ 192 $ (20 ) $ 2 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Recognized in Earnings Amount of Gains (Effective Portion) Classification of Amount of Gains Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion) Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ (79 ) Other income (expense) $ 4 $ — Financial Products 123 Other income (expense) 119 — Interest expense of Financial Products 5 — Interest rate contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation — Interest expense excluding Financial Products (2 ) — Financial Products 5 Interest expense of Financial Products — — $ 49 $ 126 $ — Cash Flow Hedges Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Recognized in Earnings (Millions of dollars) Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI Classification of Amount of Gains Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations containing hedging gains (losses) Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 21 Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 1 $ 26,395 Cost of goods sold (4 ) $ 18,944 Financial Products 32 Interest expense of Financial Products 14 $ 382 Other income (expense) 2 $ 228 Interest rate contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation — Interest expense excluding Financial Products (1 ) $ 206 Financial Products (60 ) Interest expense of Financial Products 1 $ 382 $ (7 ) $ 13 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Recognized in Earnings Amount of Gains (Effective Portion) Classification of Amount of Gains Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion) Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ (40 ) Other income (expense) $ 5 $ — Financial Products 90 Other income (expense) 90 — Interest expense of Financial Products 8 — Interest rate contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation — Interest expense excluding Financial Products (2 ) — Financial Products 5 Interest expense of Financial Products 1 — $ 55 $ 102 $ — The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations is as follows: (Millions of dollars) Classification of Gains (Losses) Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other income (expense) $ 7 $ (54 ) Financial Products Other income (expense) (10 ) 23 Commodity contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other income (expense) (7 ) 9 $ (10 ) $ (22 ) Classification of Gains (Losses) Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other income (expense) $ 13 $ (38 ) Financial Products Other income (expense) (39 ) 16 Commodity contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other income (expense) 16 — $ (10 ) $ (22 ) We enter into International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master netting agreements within Machinery, Energy & Transportation and Financial Products that permit the net settlement of amounts owed under their respective derivative contracts. Under these master netting agreements, net settlement generally permits the company or the counterparty to determine the net amount payable for contracts due on the same date and in the same currency for similar types of derivative transactions. The master netting agreements generally also provide for net settlement of all outstanding contracts with a counterparty in the case of an event of default or a termination event. Collateral is generally not required of the counterparties or of our company under the master netting agreements. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , no cash collateral was received or pledged under the master netting agreements. The effect of the net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances upon an event of default or termination event is as follows: June 30, 2019 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Gross Amount of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount of Assets Derivatives Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 35 $ — $ 35 $ (20 ) $ — $ 15 Financial Products 84 — 84 (19 ) — 65 Total $ 119 $ — $ 119 $ (39 ) $ — $ 80 June 30, 2019 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount of Liabilities Derivatives Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ (30 ) $ — $ (30 ) $ 20 $ — $ (10 ) Financial Products (108 ) — (108 ) 19 — (89 ) Total $ (138 ) $ — $ (138 ) $ 39 $ — $ (99 ) December 31, 2018 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Gross Amount of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount of Assets Derivatives Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 19 $ — $ 19 $ (19 ) $ — $ — Financial Products 112 — 112 (34 ) — 78 Total $ 131 $ — $ 131 $ (53 ) $ — $ 78 December 31, 2018 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount of Liabilities Derivatives Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ (87 ) $ — $ (87 ) $ 19 $ — $ (68 ) Financial Products (63 ) — (63 ) 34 — (29 ) Total $ (150 ) $ — $ (150 ) $ 53 $ — $ (97 )

Inventories

Inventories	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventories	Inventories Inventories (principally using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method) are comprised of the following: (Millions of dollars) June 30, December 31, Raw materials $ 3,593 $ 3,382 Work-in-process 2,574 2,674 Finished goods 5,604 5,241 Supplies 236 232 Total inventories $ 12,007 $ 11,529

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets and Goodwill	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Intangible Assets and Goodwill	Intangible assets and goodwill A. Intangible assets Intangible assets are comprised of the following: June 30, 2019 (Millions of dollars) Weighted Amortizable Life (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Customer relationships 15 $ 2,460 $ (1,330 ) $ 1,130 Intellectual property 12 1,516 (992 ) 524 Other 12 199 (120 ) 79 Total finite-lived intangible assets 14 $ 4,175 $ (2,442 ) $ 1,733 December 31, 2018 Weighted Amortizable Life (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Customer relationships 15 $ 2,463 $ (1,249 ) $ 1,214 Intellectual property 11 1,557 (965 ) 592 Other 13 199 (108 ) 91 Total finite-lived intangible assets 14 $ 4,219 $ (2,322 ) $ 1,897 Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was $81 million and $163 million , respectively. Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $83 million and $166 million , respectively. Amortization expense related to intangible assets is expected to be: (Millions of dollars) Remaining Six Months of 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter $162 $311 $293 $274 $216 $477 B. Goodwill No goodwill was impaired during the six months ended June 30, 2019 or 2018 . The changes in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, 2019 were as follows: (Millions of dollars) December 31, Other Adjustments 1 June 30, Construction Industries Goodwill $ 304 $ 4 $ 308 Impairments (22 ) — (22 ) Net goodwill 282 4 286 Resource Industries Goodwill 4,172 (7 ) 4,165 Impairments (1,175 ) — (1,175 ) Net goodwill 2,997 (7 ) 2,990 Energy & Transportation Goodwill 2,882 (4 ) 2,878 All Other 2 Goodwill 56 1 57 Consolidated total Goodwill 7,414 (6 ) 7,408 Impairments (1,197 ) — (1,197 ) Net goodwill $ 6,217 $ (6 ) $ 6,211 1 Other adjustments are comprised primarily of foreign currency translation. 2 Includes All Other operating segment (See Note 16).

Investments in Debt and Equity

Investments in Debt and Equity Securities	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Investments in Debt and Equity Securities	Investments in debt and equity securities We have investments in certain debt and equity securities, primarily at Insurance Services, which are recorded at fair value and are primarily included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Debt securities have been classified as available-for-sale, and the unrealized gains and losses arising from the revaluation of these debt securities are included, net of applicable deferred income taxes, in equity (Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position). The unrealized gains and losses arising from the revaluation of the equity securities are included in Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations. Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are generally determined using the specific identification method for debt and equity securities and are included in Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations. The cost basis and fair value of debt securities with unrealized gains and losses included in equity (Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position) were as follows: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Cost Basis Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses) Fair Value Cost Basis Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses) Fair Value Government debt U.S. treasury bonds $ 9 $ — $ 9 $ 9 $ — $ 9 Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds 47 — 47 42 — 42 Corporate bonds Corporate bonds 805 14 819 735 (15 ) 720 Asset-backed securities 56 — 56 63 — 63 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency 302 3 305 301 (4 ) 297 Residential 7 — 7 7 — 7 Commercial 36 1 37 14 (1 ) 13 Total debt securities $ 1,262 $ 18 $ 1,280 $ 1,171 $ (20 ) $ 1,151 Available-for-sale investments in an unrealized loss position that are not other-than-temporarily impaired: June 30, 2019 Less than 12 months 1 12 months or more 1 Total (Millions of dollars) Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Corporate bonds Corporate bonds $ 33 $ — $ 134 $ 1 $ 167 $ 1 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency 9 — 57 1 66 1 Total $ 42 $ — $ 191 $ 2 $ 233 $ 2 December 31, 2018 Less than 12 months 1 12 months or more 1 Total (Millions of dollars) Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Corporate bonds Corporate bonds $ 280 $ 3 $ 391 $ 11 $ 671 $ 14 Asset-backed securities 6 — 38 1 44 1 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency 52 — 223 5 275 5 Commercial — — 14 1 14 1 Total $ 338 $ 3 $ 666 $ 18 $ 1,004 $ 21 1 Indicates the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position. Corporate Bonds. The unrealized losses on our investments in corporate bonds relate to changes in interest rates and credit-related yield spreads since time of purchase. We do not intend to sell the investments, and it is not likely that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis. We do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2019 . Mortgage-Backed Debt Securities. The unrealized losses on our investments in U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities relate to changes in interest rates and credit-related yield spreads since time of purchase. We do not intend to sell the investments, and it is not likely that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis. We do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2019 . The cost basis and fair value of the available-for-sale debt securities at June 30, 2019 , by contractual maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay and creditors may have the right to call obligations. June 30, 2019 (Millions of dollars) Cost Basis Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 100 $ 99 Due after one year through five years 664 674 Due after five years through ten years 134 138 Due after ten years 19 20 U.S. governmental agency mortgage-backed securities 302 305 Residential mortgage-backed securities 7 7 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 36 37 Total debt securities – available-for-sale $ 1,262 $ 1,280 Sales of available-for-sale securities: Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 2018 2019 2018 Proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale securities $ 97 $ 67 $ 144 $ 140 Gross gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities $ 1 $ — $ 1 $ — Gross losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities $ — $ — $ 1 $ — For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 , the net unrealized gains (losses) for equity securities held at June 30, 2019 were $14 million and $53 million , respectively. For each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , the net unrealized gains (losses) for equity securities held at June 30, 2018 were $4 million .

Postretirement Benefits

Postretirement Benefits	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Postretirement Benefits	Postretirement benefits A. Pension and postretirement benefit costs U.S. Pension Benefits Non-U.S. Pension Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits (Millions of dollars) June 30 June 30 June 30 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 For the three months ended: Components of net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ 28 $ 31 $ 20 $ 23 $ 21 $ 21 Interest cost 150 134 24 24 34 31 Expected return on plan assets (179 ) (203 ) (38 ) (56 ) (5 ) (8 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) — — — — (10 ) (8 ) Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) 1 $ (1 ) $ (38 ) $ 6 $ (9 ) $ 40 $ 36 For the six months ended: Components of net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ 57 $ 63 $ 41 $ 45 $ 41 $ 42 Interest cost 300 267 47 49 68 62 Expected return on plan assets (360 ) (405 ) (75 ) (112 ) (10 ) (16 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) — — — — (20 ) (17 ) Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) 1 $ (3 ) $ (75 ) $ 13 $ (18 ) $ 79 $ 71 1 The service cost component of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits cost (benefit) is included in Operating costs in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations. All other components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits cost (benefit) are included in Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations. We made $79 million and $198 million of contributions to our pension and other postretirement plans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 , respectively. We currently anticipate full-year 2019 contributions of approximately $330 million . B. Defined contribution benefit costs Total company costs related to our defined contribution plans were as follows: Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 2018 2019 2018 U.S. Plans $ 93 $ 77 $ 230 $ 150 Non-U.S. Plans 21 21 42 43 $ 114 $ 98 $ 272 $ 193

Leases

Leases	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Leases of Lessee Disclosure	Leases A. Lessee arrangements We lease certain property, information technology equipment, warehouse equipment, vehicles and other equipment through operating leases. We recognize a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset based on the present value of lease payments. To determine the present value of lease payments for most of our leases, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on information available on the lease commencement date. For certain property and information technology equipment leases, we have elected to separate payments for lease components from non-lease components. For all other leases, we have elected not to separate payments for lease and non-lease components. Our lease agreements may include options to extend or terminate the lease. When it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option, we have included the option in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. We have elected not to recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less. Our finance leases are not significant and therefore are not included in the following disclosures. The components of lease costs were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 2019 Operating lease cost $ 54 $ 118 Short-term lease cost $ 20 $ 32 Operating lease right-of-use assets are recognized in Other assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The operating lease liabilities are recognized in Other current liabilities and Other liabilities. Supplemental information related to leases was as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 January 1, 2019 Operating Leases Other assets $ 656 $ 713 Other current liabilities $ 187 $ 209 Other liabilities $ 480 $ 511 Weighted average remaining lease term Operating leases 7 years 7 years Weighted average discount rates Operating leases 2 % 2 % Maturities of operating lease liabilities at June 30, 2019 and minimum payments for operating leases having initial or remaining non-cancelable terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2018 were as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 Amounts Due In Remaining six months of 2019 $ 102 2020 164 2021 122 2022 76 2023 58 Thereafter 196 Total lease payments 718 Less: Imputed interest (51 ) Total $ 667 December 31, 2018 Amounts Due In 2019 $ 205 2020 154 2021 111 2022 67 2023 50 Thereafter 185 Total $ 772 Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows: (Millions of dollars) Six Months Ended June 30 2019 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 114 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases $ 68
Leases of Lessor Disclosure	B. Lessor arrangements We lease Caterpillar machinery, engines and other equipment to customers and dealers around the world, primarily through Cat Financial. Cat Financial leases to customers primarily through sales-type (non-tax) leases, where the lessee for tax purposes is considered to be the owner of the equipment during the term of the lease. Cat Financial also offers tax leases that are classified as either operating or direct finance leases for financial accounting purposes, depending on the characteristics of the lease. For tax purposes, Cat Financial is considered the owner of the equipment. Our lease agreements may include options for the lessee to purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease term for either a stated fixed price or fair market value. The residual values for Cat Financial’s leased assets, which are an estimate of the market value of leased equipment at the end of the lease term, are based on an analysis of historical wholesale market sales prices, projected forward on a level trend line without consideration for inflation or possible future pricing action. At the inception of the lease, residual values are estimated with consideration of the following critical factors: market size and demand, any known significant market/product trends, total expected hours of usage, machine configuration, application, location, model changes, quantities, past remarketing experience, third-party residual guarantees and contractual customer purchase options. Many of these factors are gathered in an application survey that is completed prior to quotation. The lease agreement also clearly defines applicable return conditions and remedies for non-compliance, to ensure that the leased equipment will be in good operating condition upon return. Model changes and updates, as well as market strength and product acceptance, are monitored and adjustments are made to residual values in accordance with the significance of any such changes. Cat Financial's sales staff work closely with customers and dealers to manage the sale of lease returns and the recovery of residual exposure. During the term of our operating leases, we evaluate the carrying value of our equipment on a regular basis taking into consideration expected residual values at lease termination. Adjustments to depreciation expense reflecting revised estimates of expected residual values at the end of the lease terms are recorded prospectively on a straight-line basis. For finance leases, residual value adjustments are recognized through a reduction of finance revenue. Contractual maturities of finance lease receivables (sales-type and direct finance leases) were as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 Amounts Due In Retail Leases 1 Wholesale Leases 2 Total Remaining six months of 2019 $ 1,806 $ 41 $ 1,847 2020 2,562 63 2,625 2021 1,510 46 1,556 2022 691 30 721 2023 285 19 304 Thereafter 116 30 146 Total 6,970 229 7,199 Guaranteed residual value 387 57 444 Unguaranteed residual value 803 34 837 Less: Unearned income (677 ) (40 ) (717 ) Total $ 7,483 $ 280 $ 7,763 December 31, 2018 Amounts Due In Retail Leases 1 Wholesale Leases 2 Total 2019 $ 2,981 $ 70 $ 3,051 2020 2,026 48 2,074 2021 1,073 30 1,103 2022 453 16 469 2023 166 6 172 Thereafter 56 3 59 Total 6,755 173 6,928 Guaranteed residual value 392 66 458 Unguaranteed residual value 822 35 857 Less: Unearned income (628 ) (16 ) (644 ) Total $ 7,341 $ 258 $ 7,599 1 Included in Receivables - finance and Long-term receivables - finance on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 2 Included in Receivables - trade and other and Long-term receivables - trade and other in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Wholesale lease receivables are receivables of Cat Financial that arise when Cat Financial provides financing for a dealer's lease of inventory. Our finance lease receivables generally may be repaid or refinanced without penalty prior to contractual maturity. Accordingly, this presentation should not be regarded as a forecast of future cash collections. The carrying amount of equipment leased to others, included in Property, plant and equipment - net in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, under operating leases was as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Equipment leased to others - at original cost $ 6,520 $ 6,015 Less: Accumulated depreciation (2,054 ) (1,744 ) Equipment leased to others - net $ 4,466 $ 4,271 Payments due for operating leases at June 30, 2019 and scheduled minimum rental payments for operating leases at December 31, 2018 were as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 Remaining Six Months of 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total $580 $696 $406 $208 $98 $100 $ 2,088 December 31, 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total $896 $574 $314 $158 $71 $69 $ 2,082 Revenues from finance and operating leases, primarily included in Revenues of Financial Products on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 2019 Finance lease revenue $ 135 $ 254 Operating lease revenue 308 624 Total $ 443 $ 878

Guarantees and Product Warranty

Guarantees and Product Warranty	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Guarantees and Product Warranty	Guarantees and product warranty Caterpillar dealer performance guarantees We have provided an indemnity to a third-party insurance company for potential losses related to performance bonds issued on behalf of Caterpillar dealers. The bonds have varying terms and are issued to insure governmental agencies against nonperformance by certain dealers. We also provided guarantees to third parties related to the performance of contractual obligations by certain Caterpillar dealers. These guarantees have varying terms and cover potential financial losses incurred by the third parties resulting from the dealers’ nonperformance. In 2016, we provided a guarantee to an end user related to the performance of contractual obligations by a Caterpillar dealer. Under the guarantee, which expires in 2025, non-performance by the Caterpillar dealer could require Caterpillar to satisfy the contractual obligations by providing goods, services or financial compensation to the end user up to an annual designated cap. Customer loan guarantees We provide loan guarantees to third-party lenders for financing associated with machinery purchased by customers. These guarantees have varying terms and are secured by the machinery. In addition, Cat Financial participates in standby letters of credit issued to third parties on behalf of their customers. These standby letters of credit have varying terms and beneficiaries and are secured by customer assets. Supplier consortium performance guarantees We have provided guarantees to a customer in Brazil and a customer in Europe related to the performance of contractual obligations by supplier consortiums to which our Caterpillar subsidiaries are members. The guarantees cover potential damages incurred by the customers resulting from the supplier consortiums' non-performance. The damages are capped except for failure of the consortiums to meet certain obligations outlined in the contract in the normal course of business. The guarantee for the customer in Europe will expire when the supplier consortium performs all of its contractual obligations, which are expected to be completed in 2022. The agreement with the customer in Brazil was terminated during the second quarter of 2019. No payments were made under the guarantee. Third-party logistics business lease guarantees We have provided guarantees to third-party lessors for certain properties leased by a third-party logistics business, formerly Caterpillar Logistics Services LLC, in which we sold our equity interest in 2015. The guarantees are for the possibility that the third-party logistics business would default on real estate lease payments. The guarantees were granted at lease inception and generally will expire at the end of the lease terms. We have dealer performance guarantees and third-party performance guarantees that do not limit potential payment to end users related to indemnities and other commercial contractual obligations. In addition, we have entered into contracts involving industry standard indemnifications that do not limit potential payment. For these unlimited guarantees, we are unable to estimate a maximum potential amount of future payments that could result from claims made. No significant loss has been experienced or is anticipated under any of these guarantees. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the related liability was $6 million and $8 million , respectively. The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted and without reduction for any amounts that may possibly be recovered under recourse or collateralized provisions) we could be required to make under the guarantees are as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, December 31, Caterpillar dealer performance guarantees $ 1,252 $ 1,244 Customer loan guarantees 25 31 Supplier consortium performance guarantees 245 527 Third party logistics business lease guarantees 56 60 Other guarantees 125 116 Total guarantees $ 1,703 $ 1,978 Cat Financial provides guarantees to repurchase certain loans of Caterpillar dealers from a special-purpose corporation (SPC) that qualifies as a variable interest entity. The purpose of the SPC is to provide short-term working capital loans to Caterpillar dealers. This SPC issues commercial paper and uses the proceeds to fund its loan program. Cat Financial has a loan purchase agreement with the SPC that obligates Cat Financial to purchase certain loans that are not paid at maturity. Cat Financial receives a fee for providing this guarantee, which provides a source of liquidity for the SPC. Cat Financial is the primary beneficiary of the SPC as its guarantees result in Cat Financial having both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the SPC’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses, and therefore Cat Financial has consolidated the financial statements of the SPC. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the SPC’s assets of $1,368 million and $1,149 million , respectively, were primarily comprised of loans to dealers, and the SPC’s liabilities of $1,368 million and $1,148 million , respectively, were primarily comprised of commercial paper. The assets of the SPC are not available to pay Cat Financial's creditors. Cat Financial may be obligated to perform under the guarantee if the SPC experiences losses. No loss has been experienced or is anticipated under this loan purchase agreement. Our product warranty liability is determined by applying historical claim rate experience to the current field population and dealer inventory. Generally, historical claim rates are based on actual warranty experience for each product by machine model/engine size by customer or dealer location (inside or outside North America). Specific rates are developed for each product shipment month and are updated monthly based on actual warranty claim experience. (Millions of dollars) 2019 Warranty liability, January 1 $ 1,391 Reduction in liability (payments) (425 ) Increase in liability (new warranties) 490 Warranty liability, June 30 $ 1,456 (Millions of dollars) 2018 Warranty liability, January 1 $ 1,419 Reduction in liability (payments) (783 ) Increase in liability (new warranties) 755 Warranty liability, December 31 $ 1,391

Profit Per Share

Profit Per Share	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Profit Per Share	Profit per share Computations of profit per share: Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in millions except per share data) 2019 2018 2019 2018 Profit for the period (A) 1 $ 1,620 $ 1,707 $ 3,501 $ 3,372 Determination of shares (in millions): Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (B) 567.8 596.2 569.9 597.0 Shares issuable on exercise of stock awards, net of shares assumed to be purchased out of proceeds at average market price 5.3 8.0 5.9 9.1 Average common shares outstanding for fully diluted computation (C) 2 573.1 604.2 575.8 606.1 Profit per share of common stock: Assuming no dilution (A/B) $ 2.85 $ 2.86 $ 6.14 $ 5.65 Assuming full dilution (A/C) 2 $ 2.83 $ 2.82 $ 6.08 $ 5.56 Shares outstanding as of June 30 (in millions) 562.6 594.3 1 Profit attributable to common shareholders. 2 Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards using the treasury stock method. Stock options to purchase 2,970,234 and 1,478,726 common shares were outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. These stock options were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. In July 2018, the Board approved a share repurchase authorization of up to $10.0 billion of Caterpillar common stock effective January 1, 2019, with no expiration (the 2018 Authorization). As of June 30, 2019, approximately $8.0 billion remained available under the 2018 Authorization. During the first and second quarters of 2019, we repurchased 5.7 million and 9.8 million shares, respectively, of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $751 million and $1.3 billion

Accumulated Other Comprehensive

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive income and its components are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, included in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, consisted of the following: (Millions of dollars) Foreign currency translation Pension and other postretirement benefits Derivative financial instruments Available-for-sale securities Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Balance at March 31, 2019 $ (1,525 ) $ 24 $ (88 ) $ 1 $ (1,588 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 99 — (16 ) 15 98 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss — (7 ) (1 ) (1 ) (9 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 99 (7 ) (17 ) 14 89 Balance at June 30, 2019 $ (1,426 ) $ 17 $ (105 ) $ 15 $ (1,499 ) Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Balance at March 31, 2018 $ (1,021 ) $ 37 $ (18 ) $ (14 ) $ (1,016 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (411 ) — 36 (2 ) (377 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss — (7 ) (96 ) — (103 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) (411 ) (7 ) (60 ) (2 ) (480 ) Balance at June 30, 2018 $ (1,432 ) $ 30 $ (78 ) $ (16 ) $ (1,496 ) (Millions of dollars) Foreign currency translation Pension and other postretirement benefits Derivative financial instruments Available-for-sale securities Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Balance at December 31, 2018 $ (1,601 ) $ 12 $ (80 ) $ (15 ) $ (1,684 ) Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance related to reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income 1 98 19 (9 ) — 108 Balance at January 1, 2019 (1,503 ) 31 (89 ) (15 ) (1,576 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 77 — (6 ) 30 101 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss — (14 ) (10 ) — (24 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 77 (14 ) (16 ) 30 77 Balance at June 30, 2019 $ (1,426 ) $ 17 $ (105 ) $ 15 $ (1,499 ) Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ (1,205 ) $ 46 $ (41 ) $ 8 $ (1,192 ) Adjustment to adopt recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities guidance — — — (11 ) (11 ) Balance at January 1, 2018 (1,205 ) 46 (41 ) (3 ) (1,203 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (228 ) (2 ) 41 (13 ) (202 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss $ 1 $ (14 ) $ (78 ) $ — $ (91 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) $ (227 ) $ (16 ) $ (37 ) $ (13 ) $ (293 ) Balance at June 30, 2018 $ (1,432 ) $ 30 $ (78 ) $ (16 ) $ (1,496 ) 1 See Note 2 for additional information. The effect of the reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations is as follows: Three Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) Classification of income (expense) 2019 2018 Pension and other postretirement benefits: Amortization of prior service credit (cost) Other income (expense) $ 10 $ 8 Tax (provision) benefit (3 ) (1 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ 7 $ 7 Derivative financial instruments: Foreign exchange contracts Cost of goods sold (1 ) — Foreign exchange contracts Interest expense of Financial Products 7 5 Foreign exchange contracts Other income (expense) (4 ) 123 Interest rate contracts Interest expense excluding Financial Products — (2 ) Reclassifications before tax 2 126 Tax (provision) benefit (1 ) (30 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ 1 $ 96 Available-for-sale securities: Realized gain (loss) Other income (expense) $ 1 $ — Reclassifications net of tax $ 1 $ — Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ 9 $ 103 Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) Classification of income (expense) 2019 2018 Foreign currency translation Gain (loss) on foreign currency translation Other income (expense) $ — $ (1 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ — $ (1 ) Pension and other postretirement benefits: Amortization of prior service credit (cost) Other income (expense) $ 20 $ 17 Tax (provision) benefit (6 ) (3 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ 14 $ 14 Derivative financial instruments: Foreign exchange contracts Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 1 $ — Foreign exchange contracts Cost of goods sold (4 ) — Foreign exchange contracts Interest expense of Financial Products 14 8 Foreign exchange contracts Other income (expense) 2 95 Interest rate contracts Interest expense excluding Financial Products (1 ) (2 ) Interest rate contracts Interest expense of Financial Products 1 1 Reclassifications before tax 13 102 Tax (provision) benefit (3 ) (24 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ 10 $ 78 Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ 24 $ 91

Environmental and legal matters

Environmental and legal matters	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Environmental and legal matters	Environmental and legal matters The Company is regulated by federal, state and international environmental laws governing its use, transport and disposal of substances and control of emissions. In addition to governing our manufacturing and other operations, these laws often impact the development of our products, including, but not limited to, required compliance with air emissions standards applicable to internal combustion engines. We have made, and will continue to make, significant research and development and capital expenditures to comply with these emissions standards. We are engaged in remedial activities at a number of locations, often with other companies, pursuant to federal and state laws. When it is probable we will pay remedial costs at a site, and those costs can be reasonably estimated, the investigation, remediation, and operating and maintenance costs are accrued against our earnings. Costs are accrued based on consideration of currently available data and information with respect to each individual site, including available technologies, current applicable laws and regulations, and prior remediation experience. Where no amount within a range of estimates is more likely, we accrue the minimum. Where multiple potentially responsible parties are involved, we consider our proportionate share of the probable costs. In formulating the estimate of probable costs, we do not consider amounts expected to be recovered from insurance companies or others. We reassess these accrued amounts on a quarterly basis. The amount recorded for environmental remediation is not material and is included in Accrued expenses. We believe there is no more than a remote chance that a material amount for remedial activities at any individual site, or at all the sites in the aggregate, will be required. On January 7, 2015, the Company received a grand jury subpoena from the U.S. District Court for the Central District of Illinois. The subpoena requested documents and information from the Company relating to, among other things, financial information concerning U.S. and non-U.S. Caterpillar subsidiaries (including undistributed profits of non-U.S. subsidiaries and the movement of cash among U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries). The Company has received additional subpoenas relating to this investigation requesting additional documents and information relating to, among other things, the purchase and resale of replacement parts by Caterpillar Inc. and non-U.S. Caterpillar subsidiaries, dividend distributions of certain non-U.S. Caterpillar subsidiaries, and Caterpillar SARL (CSARL) and related structures. On March 2-3, 2017, agents with the Department of Commerce, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Internal Revenue Service executed search and seizure warrants at three facilities of the Company in the Peoria, Illinois area, including its former corporate headquarters. The warrants identify, and agents seized, documents and information related to, among other things, the export of products from the United States, the movement of products between the United States and Switzerland, the relationship between Caterpillar Inc. and CSARL, and sales outside the United States. It is the Company’s understanding that the warrants, which concern both tax and export activities, are related to the ongoing grand jury investigation. The Company is continuing to cooperate with this investigation. The Company is unable to predict the outcome or reasonably estimate any potential loss; however, we currently believe that this matter will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity. On March 20, 2014, Brazil’s Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) published a Technical Opinion which named 18 companies and over 100 individuals as defendants, including two subsidiaries of Caterpillar Inc., MGE - Equipamentos e Serviços Ferroviários Ltda. (MGE) and Caterpillar Brasil Ltda (CBL). The publication of the Technical Opinion opened CADE's official administrative investigation into allegations that the defendants participated in anticompetitive bid activity for the construction and maintenance of metro and train networks in Brazil. While companies cannot be held criminally liable for anticompetitive conduct in Brazil, criminal charges have been brought against one current employee of MGE and two former employees of MGE involving the same conduct alleged by CADE. On July 8, 2019, CADE found MGE, one of its current employees and two of its former employees liable for anticompetitive conduct. CBL was dismissed from the proceeding without any finding of liability. MGE intends to appeal CADE's findings. We currently believe that this matter will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity. In addition, we are involved in other unresolved legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. The most prevalent of these unresolved actions involve disputes related to product design, manufacture and performance liability (including claimed asbestos exposure), contracts, employment issues, environmental matters, intellectual property rights, taxes (other than income taxes) and securities laws. The aggregate range of reasonably possible losses in excess of accrued liabilities, if any, associated with these unresolved legal actions is not material. In some cases, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss because there is insufficient information regarding the matter. However, we believe there is no more than a remote chance that any liability arising from these matters would be material. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these unresolved legal actions, we believe that these actions will not individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income taxes The provision for income taxes for the first six months of 2019 reflected an estimated annual tax rate of 26 percent , compared with 24 percent for the first six months of 2018 , excluding the discrete items discussed in the following paragraph. The increase was largely driven by the application of U.S. tax reform provisions to the earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries, which do not have a calendar fiscal year-end. These provisions did not apply to these subsidiaries in 2018. As a result of final regulations received in 2019 providing additional guidance related to the calculation of the mandatory deemed repatriation of non-U.S. earnings due to U.S. tax reform, we recorded a discrete tax benefit of $178 million in the first six months of 2019 to adjust unrecognized tax benefits. In addition, a discrete tax benefit of $26 million was recorded in the first six months of 2019, compared with $49 million for the first six months of 2018, for the settlement of stock-based compensation awards with associated tax deductions in excess of cumulative U.S. GAAP compensation expense. The provision for income taxes for the first six months of 2018 also included a $25 million benefit for the release of a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of a non-U.S. subsidiary. On January 31, 2018, we received a Revenue Agent's Report from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) indicating the end of the field examination of our U.S. income tax returns for 2010 to 2012. In the audits of 2007 to 2012 including the impact of a loss carryback to 2005, the IRS has proposed to tax in the United States profits earned from certain parts transactions by CSARL based on the IRS examination team's application of the "substance-over-form" or "assignment-of-income" judicial doctrines. We are vigorously contesting the proposed increases to tax and penalties for these years of approximately $2.3 billion . We believe that the relevant transactions complied with applicable tax laws and did not violate judicial doctrines. We have filed U.S. income tax returns on this same basis for years after 2012. Based on the information currently available, we do not anticipate a significant change to our unrecognized tax benefits for this position within the next 12 months. We currently believe the ultimate disposition of this matter will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

Segment Information

Segment Information	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	Segment information A. Basis for segment information Our Executive Office is comprised of a Chief Executive Officer (CEO), four Group Presidents, a Chief Financial Officer (CFO), a General Counsel & Corporate Secretary and a Chief Human Resources Officer. The Group Presidents and CFO are accountable for a related set of end-to-end businesses that they manage. The General Counsel & Corporate Secretary leads the Law, Security and Public Policy Division. The Chief Human Resources Officer leads the Human Resources Organization. The CEO allocates resources and manages performance at the Group President/CFO level. As such, the CEO serves as our Chief Operating Decision Maker, and operating segments are primarily based on the Group President/CFO reporting structure. Three of our operating segments, Construction Industries, Resource Industries and Energy & Transportation, are led by Group Presidents. One operating segment, Financial Products, is led by the CFO who also has responsibility for Corporate Services. Corporate Services is a cost center primarily responsible for the performance of certain support functions globally and to provide centralized services; it does not meet the definition of an operating segment. One Group President leads one smaller operating segment that is included in the All Other operating segment. The Law, Security and Public Policy Division and the Human Resources Organization are cost centers and do not meet the definition of an operating segment. B. Description of segments We have five operating segments, of which four are reportable segments. Following is a brief description of our reportable segments and the business activities included in the All Other operating segment: Construction Industries : A segment primarily responsible for supporting customers using machinery in infrastructure, forestry and building construction applications. Responsibilities include business strategy, product design, product management and development, manufacturing, marketing and sales and product support. The product portfolio includes asphalt pavers; backhoe loaders; compactors; cold planers; compact track and multi-terrain loaders; mini, small, medium and large track excavators; forestry excavators; feller bunchers; harvesters; knuckleboom loaders; motor graders; pipelayers; road reclaimers; skidders; skid steer loaders; telehandlers; small and medium track-type tractors; track-type loaders; utility vehicles; wheel excavators; compact, small and medium wheel loaders; and related parts and work tools. Inter-segment sales are a source of revenue for this segment. Resource Industries : A segment primarily responsible for supporting customers using machinery in mining, quarry and aggregates, waste and material handling applications. Responsibilities include business strategy, product design, product management and development, manufacturing, marketing and sales and product support. The product portfolio includes large track-type tractors, large mining trucks, hard rock vehicles, longwall miners, electric rope shovels, draglines, hydraulic shovels, rotary drills, large wheel loaders, off-highway trucks, articulated trucks, wheel tractor scrapers, wheel dozers, landfill compactors, soil compactors, hard rock continuous mining systems, select work tools, machinery components, electronics and control systems and related parts. In addition to equipment, Resource Industries also develops and sells technology products and services to provide customers fleet management, equipment management analytics and autonomous machine capabilities. Resource Industries also manages areas that provide services to other parts of the company, including integrated manufacturing and research and development. Inter-segment sales are a source of revenue for this segment. Energy & Transportation : A segment primarily responsible for supporting customers using reciprocating engines, turbines, diesel-electric locomotives and related parts across industries serving Oil and Gas, Power Generation, Industrial and Transportation applications, including marine and rail-related businesses. Responsibilities include business strategy, product design, product management and development, manufacturing, marketing and sales and product support of turbine machinery and integrated systems and solutions and turbine-related services; reciprocating engine-powered generator sets; integrated systems used in the electric power generation industry; reciprocating engines and integrated systems and solutions for the marine and oil and gas industries; reciprocating engines supplied to the industrial industry as well as Cat machinery; the remanufacturing of Caterpillar engines and components and remanufacturing services for other companies; the business strategy, product design, product management and development, manufacturing, remanufacturing, leasing and service of diesel-electric locomotives and components and other rail-related products and services; and product support of on-highway vocational trucks for North America. Inter-segment sales are a source of revenue for this segment. Financial Products Segment : Provides financing alternatives to customers and dealers around the world for Caterpillar products, as well as financing for vehicles, power generation facilities and marine vessels that, in most cases, incorporate Caterpillar products. Financing plans include operating and finance leases, installment sale contracts, working capital loans and wholesale financing plans. The segment also provides insurance and risk management products and services that help customers and dealers manage their business risk. Insurance and risk management products offered include physical damage insurance, inventory protection plans, extended service coverage for machines and engines, and dealer property and casualty insurance. The various forms of financing, insurance and risk management products offered to customers and dealers help support the purchase and lease of our equipment. The segment also earns revenues from Machinery, Energy & Transportation, but the related costs are not allocated to operating segments. All Other operating segment : Primarily includes activities such as: business strategy, product management and development, manufacturing and sourcing of filters and fluids, undercarriage, ground-engaging tools, fluid transfer products, precision seals, rubber sealing and connecting components primarily for Cat products; parts distribution; integrated logistics solutions, distribution services responsible for dealer development and administration including a wholly owned dealer in Japan, dealer portfolio management and ensuring the most efficient and effective distribution of machines, engines and parts; and digital investments for new customer and dealer solutions that integrate data analytics with state-of-the-art digital technologies while transforming the buying experience. Results for the All Other operating segment are included as a reconciling item between reportable segments and consolidated external reporting. C. Segment measurement and reconciliations There are several methodology differences between our segment reporting and our external reporting. The following is a list of the more significant methodology differences: • Machinery, Energy & Transportation segment net assets generally include inventories, receivables, property, plant and equipment, goodwill, intangibles, accounts payable and customer advances. Beginning in 2019, operating lease right-of-use assets are included in segment assets. In 2018, the present value of future lease payments for certain Machinery, Energy and Transportation operating leases was included in segment assets while the estimated financing component of the lease payments was excluded. Liabilities other than accounts payable and customer advances are generally managed at the corporate level and are not included in segment operations. Financial Products Segment assets generally include all categories of assets. • Segment inventories and cost of sales are valued using a current cost methodology. • Goodwill allocated to segments is amortized using a fixed amount based on a 20 year useful life. This methodology difference only impacts segment assets; no goodwill amortization expense is included in segment profit. In addition, only a portion of goodwill for certain acquisitions made in 2011 or later has been allocated to segments. • Currency exposures for Machinery, Energy & Transportation are generally managed at the corporate level and the effects of changes in exchange rates on results of operations within the year are not included in segment profit. The net difference created in the translation of revenues and costs between exchange rates used for U.S. GAAP reporting and exchange rates used for segment reporting is reported as a methodology difference. • Stock-based compensation expense is not included in segment profit. • Postretirement benefit expenses are split; segments are generally responsible for service costs, with the remaining elements of net periodic benefit cost included as a methodology difference. • Machinery, Energy & Transportation segment profit is determined on a pretax basis and excludes interest expense and most other income/expense items. Financial Products Segment profit is determined on a pretax basis and includes other income/expense items. Reconciling items are created based on accounting differences between segment reporting and our consolidated external reporting. Please refer to pages 44 to 52 for financial information regarding significant reconciling items. Most of our reconciling items are self-explanatory given the above explanations. For the reconciliation of profit, we have grouped the reconciling items as follows: • Corporate costs: These costs are related to corporate requirements primarily for compliance and legal functions for the benefit of the entire organization. • Restructuring costs: May include costs for employee separation, long-lived asset impairments and contract terminations. These costs are included in Other operating (income) expenses except for defined-benefit plan curtailment losses and special termination benefits, which are included in Other income (expense). Restructuring costs also include other exit-related costs which may consist of accelerated depreciation, inventory write-downs, building demolition, equipment relocation and project management costs and LIFO inventory decrement benefits from inventory liquidations at closed facilities, all of which are primarily included in Cost of goods sold. Beginning in 2019, only certain restructuring costs are excluded from segment profit. A table, Reconciliation of Restructuring costs on page 49, has been included to illustrate how segment profit would have been impacted by the restructuring costs. See Note 20 for more information. • Methodology differences: See previous discussion of significant accounting differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting. • Timing: Timing differences in the recognition of costs between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting. For example, certain costs are reported on the cash basis for segment reporting and the accrual basis for consolidated external reporting. Reportable Segments Three Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 External sales and revenues Inter- segment sales and revenues Total sales and revenues Depreciation and amortization Segment profit Segment Capital expenditures Construction Industries $ 6,446 $ 21 $ 6,467 $ 81 $ 1,247 $ 5,004 $ 41 Resource Industries 2,711 89 2,800 104 481 6,456 37 Energy & Transportation 4,524 962 5,486 155 886 8,716 118 Machinery, Energy & Transportation 13,681 1,072 14,753 340 2,614 20,176 196 Financial Products Segment 873 1 — 873 207 193 36,584 459 Total $ 14,554 $ 1,072 $ 15,626 $ 547 $ 2,807 $ 56,760 $ 655 2018 External sales and revenues Inter- segment sales and revenues Total sales and revenues Depreciation and amortization Segment profit Segment assets at December 31 Capital expenditures Construction Industries $ 6,137 $ 35 $ 6,172 $ 90 $ 1,154 $ 4,902 $ 62 Resource Industries 2,431 95 2,526 115 411 6,442 39 Energy & Transportation 4,714 1,010 5,724 157 1,012 8,386 140 Machinery, Energy & Transportation 13,282 1,140 14,422 362 2,577 19,730 241 Financial Products Segment 829 1 — 829 212 134 36,002 533 Total $ 14,111 $ 1,140 $ 15,251 $ 574 $ 2,711 $ 55,732 $ 774 1 Includes revenues from Machinery, Energy & Transportation of $136 million and $118 million in the second quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Reportable Segments Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 External sales and revenues Inter- segment sales and revenues Total sales and revenues Depreciation and amortization Segment profit Segment Capital expenditures Construction Industries $ 12,298 $ 42 $ 12,340 $ 161 $ 2,332 $ 5,004 $ 69 Resource Industries 5,358 169 5,527 209 1,057 6,456 60 Energy & Transportation 8,757 1,939 10,696 307 1,724 8,716 216 Machinery, Energy & Transportation 26,413 2,150 28,563 677 5,113 20,176 345 Financial Products Segment 1,723 1 — 1,723 413 404 36,584 705 Total $ 28,136 $ 2,150 $ 30,286 $ 1,090 $ 5,517 $ 56,760 $ 1,050 2018 External sales and revenues Inter- segment sales and revenues Total sales and revenues Depreciation and amortization Segment profit Segment assets at December 31 Capital expenditures Construction Industries $ 11,796 $ 53 $ 11,849 $ 179 $ 2,271 $ 4,902 $ 104 Resource Industries 4,639 196 4,835 231 789 6,442 62 Energy & Transportation 8,990 1,953 10,943 315 1,886 8,386 302 Machinery, Energy & Transportation 25,425 2,202 27,627 725 4,946 19,730 468 Financial Products Segment 1,622 1 — 1,622 415 275 36,002 894 Total $ 27,047 $ 2,202 $ 29,249 $ 1,140 $ 5,221 $ 55,732 $ 1,362 1 Includes revenues from Machinery, Energy & Transportation of $267 million and $223 million in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the three and six months ending June 30, 2019 and 2018 , sales and revenues by geographic region reconciled to consolidated sales and revenues were as follows: Sales and Revenues by Geographic Region (Millions of dollars) North America Latin America EAME Asia/ Pacific External Sales and Revenues Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Construction Industries $ 3,513 $ 392 $ 1,108 $ 1,433 $ 6,446 Resource Industries 1,058 448 446 759 2,711 Energy & Transportation 2,297 325 1,160 742 4,524 All Other operating segment 14 1 4 15 34 Corporate Items and Eliminations (39 ) (2 ) (5 ) 2 (44 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Sales 6,843 1,164 2,713 2,951 13,671 Financial Products Segment 563 76 102 132 873 1 Corporate Items and Eliminations (72 ) (11 ) (9 ) (20 ) (112 ) Financial Products Revenues 491 65 93 112 761 Consolidated Sales and Revenues $ 7,334 $ 1,229 $ 2,806 $ 3,063 $ 14,432 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Construction Industries $ 2,739 $ 392 $ 1,171 $ 1,835 $ 6,137 Resource Industries 804 394 569 664 2,431 Energy & Transportation 2,582 287 1,153 692 4,714 All Other operating segment 17 1 4 19 41 Corporate Items and Eliminations (40 ) (3 ) — (1 ) (44 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Sales 6,102 1,071 2,897 3,209 13,279 Financial Products Segment 537 71 101 120 829 1 Corporate Items and Eliminations (57 ) (11 ) (7 ) (22 ) (97 ) Financial Products Revenues 480 60 94 98 732 Consolidated Sales and Revenues $ 6,582 $ 1,131 $ 2,991 $ 3,307 $ 14,011 1 Includes revenues from Machinery, Energy & Transportation of $136 million and $118 million in the second quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Sales and Revenues by Geographic Region (Millions of dollars) North America Latin America EAME Asia/ Pacific External Sales and Revenues Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Construction Industries $ 6,478 $ 711 $ 2,114 $ 2,995 $ 12,298 Resource Industries 2,009 871 914 1,564 5,358 Energy & Transportation 4,448 657 2,192 1,460 8,757 All Other operating segment 22 1 15 33 71 Corporate Items and Eliminations (80 ) (1 ) (8 ) — (89 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Sales 12,877 2,239 5,227 6,052 26,395 Financial Products Segment 1,121 146 204 252 1,723 1 Corporate Items and Eliminations (141 ) (22 ) (18 ) (39 ) (220 ) Financial Products Revenues 980 124 186 213 1,503 Consolidated Sales and Revenues $ 13,857 $ 2,363 $ 5,413 $ 6,265 $ 27,898 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Construction Industries $ 5,359 $ 736 $ 2,238 $ 3,463 $ 11,796 Resource Industries 1,602 754 1,089 1,194 4,639 Energy & Transportation 4,807 567 2,245 1,371 8,990 All Other operating segment 32 1 8 37 78 Corporate Items and Eliminations (68 ) (2 ) (3 ) (1 ) (74 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Sales 11,732 2,056 5,577 6,064 25,429 Financial Products Segment 1,049 145 202 226 1,622 1 Corporate Items and Eliminations (106 ) (24 ) (12 ) (39 ) (181 ) Financial Products Revenues 943 121 190 187 1,441 Consolidated Sales and Revenues $ 12,675 $ 2,177 $ 5,767 $ 6,251 $ 26,870 1 Includes revenues from Machinery, Energy & Transportation of $267 million and $223 million in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the three and six months ending June 30, 2019 and 2018 , Energy & Transportation segment sales by end user application were as follows: Energy & Transportation External Sales Three Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 2018 Oil and gas $ 1,305 $ 1,467 Power generation 1,021 992 Industrial 957 969 Transportation 1,241 1,286 Energy & Transportation External Sales $ 4,524 $ 4,714 Six Months Ended June 30 2019 2018 Oil and gas $ 2,436 $ 2,682 Power generation 2,057 1,961 Industrial 1,861 1,875 Transportation 2,403 2,472 Energy & Transportation External Sales $ 8,757 $ 8,990 Reconciliation of Consolidated profit before taxes: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidated Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total profit from reportable segments $ 2,614 $ 193 $ 2,807 All Other operating segment 11 — 11 Cost centers 17 — 17 Corporate costs (148 ) (1 ) (149 ) Timing (58 ) — (58 ) Restructuring costs (72 ) (31 ) (103 ) Methodology differences: Inventory/cost of sales (8 ) — (8 ) Postretirement benefit expense 2 — 2 Stock-based compensation expense (66 ) (2 ) (68 ) Financing costs (51 ) — (51 ) Currency (92 ) — (92 ) Other income/expense methodology differences (121 ) — (121 ) Other methodology differences (12 ) 3 (9 ) Total consolidated profit before taxes $ 2,016 $ 162 $ 2,178 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total profit from reportable segments $ 2,577 $ 134 $ 2,711 All Other operating segment 23 — 23 Cost centers (1 ) — (1 ) Corporate costs (178 ) — (178 ) Timing (66 ) — (66 ) Restructuring costs (113 ) (1 ) (114 ) Methodology differences: Inventory/cost of sales 31 — 31 Postretirement benefit expense 82 — 82 Stock-based compensation expense (60 ) (2 ) (62 ) Financing costs (69 ) — (69 ) Currency (52 ) — (52 ) Other income/expense methodology differences (95 ) — (95 ) Other methodology differences (29 ) 5 (24 ) Total consolidated profit before taxes $ 2,050 $ 136 $ 2,186 Reconciliation of Consolidated profit before taxes: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidated Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total profit from reportable segments $ 5,113 $ 404 $ 5,517 All Other operating segment 36 — 36 Cost centers 41 — 41 Corporate costs (319 ) (6 ) (325 ) Timing (124 ) — (124 ) Restructuring costs (111 ) (31 ) (142 ) Methodology differences: Inventory/cost of sales (1 ) — (1 ) Postretirement benefit expense (15 ) — (15 ) Stock-based compensation expense (109 ) (4 ) (113 ) Financing costs (115 ) — (115 ) Currency (48 ) — (48 ) Other income/expense methodology differences (250 ) — (250 ) Other methodology differences (24 ) 5 (19 ) Total consolidated profit before taxes $ 4,074 $ 368 $ 4,442 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total profit from reportable segments $ 4,946 $ 275 $ 5,221 All Other operating segment 80 — 80 Cost centers 26 — 26 Corporate costs (346 ) — (346 ) Timing (150 ) — (150 ) Restructuring costs (182 ) (1 ) (183 ) Methodology differences: Inventory/cost of sales 23 — 23 Postretirement benefit expense 169 — 169 Stock-based compensation expense (108 ) (4 ) (112 ) Financing costs (147 ) — (147 ) Currency (49 ) — (49 ) Other income/expense methodology differences (173 ) — (173 ) Other methodology differences (42 ) 3 (39 ) Total consolidated profit before taxes $ 4,047 $ 273 $ 4,320 Reconciliation of Restructuring costs: As noted above, certain restructuring costs are a reconciling item between Segment profit and Consolidated profit before taxes. Had we included the amounts in the segments' results, the profit would have been as shown below: Reconciliation of Restructuring costs: (Millions of dollars) Segment Restructuring costs Segment profit with Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Construction Industries $ 1,247 $ (45 ) $ 1,202 Resource Industries 481 (15 ) 466 Energy & Transportation 886 (41 ) 845 Financial Products Segment 193 — 193 All Other operating segment 11 (1 ) 10 Total $ 2,818 $ (102 ) $ 2,716 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Construction Industries $ 1,154 $ (29 ) $ 1,125 Resource Industries 411 (52 ) 359 Energy & Transportation 1,012 (24 ) 988 Financial Products Segment 134 (1 ) 133 All Other operating segment 23 (5 ) 18 Total $ 2,734 $ (111 ) $ 2,623 Reconciliation of Restructuring costs: (Millions of dollars) Segment Restructuring costs Segment profit with Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Construction Industries $ 2,332 $ (54 ) $ 2,278 Resource Industries 1,057 (29 ) 1,028 Energy & Transportation 1,724 (52 ) 1,672 Financial Products Segment 404 — 404 All Other operating segment 36 (6 ) 30 Total $ 5,553 $ (141 ) $ 5,412 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Construction Industries $ 2,271 $ (43 ) $ 2,228 Resource Industries 789 (96 ) 693 Energy & Transportation 1,886 (29 ) 1,857 Financial Products Segment 275 (1 ) 274 All Other operating segment 80 (9 ) 71 Total $ 5,301 $ (178 ) $ 5,123 Reconciliation of Assets: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated Total June 30, 2019 Total assets from reportable segments $ 20,176 $ 36,584 $ — $ 56,760 All Other operating segment 1,266 — — 1,266 Items not included in segment assets: Cash and short-term investments 6,528 — — 6,528 Intercompany receivables 1,437 — (1,437 ) — Investment in Financial Products 3,953 — (3,953 ) — Deferred income taxes 2,008 — (647 ) 1,361 Goodwill and intangible assets 4,457 — — 4,457 Property, plant and equipment – net and other assets 2,329 — — 2,329 Inventory methodology differences (2,406 ) — — (2,406 ) Liabilities included in segment assets 9,445 — — 9,445 Other (495 ) 52 (110 ) (553 ) Total assets $ 48,698 $ 36,636 $ (6,147 ) $ 79,187 December 31, 2018 Total assets from reportable segments $ 19,730 $ 36,002 $ — $ 55,732 All Other operating segment 1,279 — — 1,279 Items not included in segment assets: Cash and short-term investments 6,968 — — 6,968 Intercompany receivables 1,633 — (1,633 ) — Investment in Financial Products 3,672 — (3,672 ) — Deferred income taxes 2,015 — (692 ) 1,323 Goodwill and intangible assets 4,279 — — 4,279 Property, plant and equipment – net and other assets 1,802 — — 1,802 Inventory methodology differences (2,503 ) — — (2,503 ) Liabilities included in segment assets 9,766 — — 9,766 Other (166 ) 66 (37 ) (137 ) Total assets $ 48,475 $ 36,068 $ (6,034 ) $ 78,509 Reconciliations of Depreciation and amortization: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidated Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total depreciation and amortization from reportable segments $ 340 $ 207 $ 547 Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization: All Other operating segment 53 — 53 Cost centers 33 — 33 Other 5 9 14 Total depreciation and amortization $ 431 $ 216 $ 647 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total depreciation and amortization from reportable segments $ 362 $ 212 $ 574 Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization: All Other operating segment 58 — 58 Cost centers 32 — 32 Other 13 9 22 Total depreciation and amortization $ 465 $ 221 $ 686 Reconciliations of Depreciation and amortization: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Transportation Financial Consolidated Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total depreciation and amortization from reportable segments $ 677 $ 413 $ 1,090 Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization: 0 0 All Other operating segment 105 — 105 Cost centers 65 — 65 Other 8 20 28 Total depreciation and amortization $ 855 $ 433 $ 1,288 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total depreciation and amortization from reportable segments $ 725 $ 415 $ 1,140 Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization: All Other operating segment 115 — 115 Cost centers 63 — 63 Other 30 19 49 Total depreciation and amortization $ 933 $ 434 $ 1,367 Reconciliations of Capital expenditures: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total capital expenditures from reportable segments $ 196 $ 459 $ — $ 655 Items not included in segment capital expenditures: All Other operating segment 22 — — 22 Cost centers 29 — — 29 Timing (5 ) — — (5 ) Other (47 ) 26 (2 ) (23 ) Total capital expenditures $ 195 $ 485 $ (2 ) $ 678 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total capital expenditures from reportable segments $ 241 $ 533 $ — $ 774 Items not included in segment capital expenditures: All Other operating segment 27 — — 27 Cost centers 26 — — 26 Timing (18 ) — — (18 ) Other (45 ) 43 (36 ) (38 ) Total capital expenditures $ 231 $ 576 $ (36 ) $ 771 Reconciliations of Capital expenditures: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total capital expenditures from reportable segments $ 345 $ 705 $ — $ 1,050 Items not included in segment capital expenditures: All Other operating segment 35 — — 35 Cost centers 49 — — 49 Timing 129 — — 129 Other (66 ) 31 (3 ) (38 ) Total capital expenditures $ 492 $ 736 $ (3 ) $ 1,225 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total capital expenditures from reportable segments $ 468 $ 894 $ — $ 1,362 Items not included in segment capital expenditures: All Other operating segment 38 — — 38 Cost centers 40 — — 40 Timing 157 — — 157 Other (149 ) 120 (40 ) (69 ) Total capital expenditures $ 554 $ 1,014 $ (40 ) $ 1,528

Cat Financial Financing Activit

Cat Financial Financing Activities	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]
Cat Financial Financing Activities	Cat Financial financing activities Allowance for credit losses The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of the losses inherent in Cat Financial’s finance receivable portfolio and includes consideration of accounts that have been individually identified as impaired, as well as pools of finance receivables where it is probable that certain receivables in the pool are impaired but the individual accounts cannot yet be identified. In identifying and measuring impairment, management takes into consideration past loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of underlying collateral and current economic conditions. Accounts are identified for individual review based on past-due status and information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings, as well as general information regarding industry trends and the economic environment in which Cat Financial’s customers operate. The allowance for credit losses attributable to finance receivables that are individually evaluated and determined to be impaired is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable. In determining collateral value, Cat Financial estimates the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. Cat Financial also considers credit enhancements such as additional collateral and contractual third-party guarantees. The allowance for credit losses attributable to the remaining accounts not yet individually identified as impaired is estimated based on loss forecast models utilizing probabilities of default, our estimate of the loss emergence period and the estimated loss given default. In addition, qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in the loss forecast models including industry trends, macroeconomic factors and model imprecision are considered in the evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. These qualitative factors are subjective and require a degree of management judgment. Cat Financial’s allowance for credit losses is segregated into two portfolio segments: • Customer - Finance receivables with retail customers. • Dealer - Finance receivables with Caterpillar dealers. A portfolio segment is the level at which the company develops a systematic methodology for determining its allowance for credit losses. Cat Financial further evaluates portfolio segments by the class of finance receivables, which is defined as a level of information (below a portfolio segment) in which the finance receivables have the same initial measurement attribute and a similar method for assessing and monitoring credit risk. Typically, Cat Financial’s finance receivables within a geographic area have similar credit risk profiles and methods for assessing and monitoring credit risk. Cat Financial’s classes, which align with management reporting for credit losses, are as follows: • North America - Finance receivables originated in the United States or Canada. • EAME - Finance receivables originated in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Commonwealth of Independent States. • Asia Pacific - Finance receivables originated in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan and Southeast Asia. • Mining - Finance receivables related to large mining customers worldwide and project financing in various countries. • Latin America - Finance receivables originated in Mexico, and Central and South American countries. • Caterpillar Power Finance - Finance receivables originated worldwide related to marine vessels with Caterpillar engines and Caterpillar electrical power generation, gas compression and co-generation systems and non-Caterpillar equipment that is powered by these systems. An analysis of the allowance for credit losses was as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 Allowance for Credit Losses: Customer Dealer Total Balance at beginning of year $ 486 $ 21 $ 507 Receivables written off (125 ) — (125 ) Recoveries on receivables previously written off 21 — 21 Provision for credit losses 99 24 123 Other (8 ) — (8 ) Balance at end of period $ 473 $ 45 $ 518 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 266 $ 39 $ 305 Collectively evaluated for impairment 207 6 213 Ending Balance $ 473 $ 45 $ 518 Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 789 $ 78 $ 867 Collectively evaluated for impairment 18,095 3,539 21,634 Ending Balance $ 18,884 $ 3,617 $ 22,501 (Millions of dollars) December 31, 2018 Allowance for Credit Losses: Customer Dealer Total Balance at beginning of year $ 353 $ 9 $ 362 Receivables written off (235 ) — (235 ) Recoveries on receivables previously written off 46 — 46 Provision for credit losses 337 12 349 Other (15 ) — (15 ) Balance at end of year $ 486 $ 21 $ 507 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 288 $ 14 $ 302 Collectively evaluated for impairment 198 7 205 Ending Balance $ 486 $ 21 $ 507 Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 858 $ 78 $ 936 Collectively evaluated for impairment 18,152 3,338 21,490 Ending Balance $ 19,010 $ 3,416 $ 22,426 Credit quality of finance receivables At origination, Cat Financial evaluates credit risk based on a variety of credit quality factors including prior payment experience, customer financial information, credit-rating agency ratings, loan-to-value ratios and other internal metrics. On an ongoing basis, Cat Financial monitors credit quality based on past-due status and collection experience as there is a meaningful correlation between the past-due status of customers and the risk of loss. In determining past-due status, Cat Financial considers the entire recorded investment in finance receivables past due when any installment is over 30 days past due. The tables below summarize the recorded investment in finance receivables by aging category. June 30, 2019 (Millions of dollars) 31-60 Days Past Due 61-90 Days Past Due 91+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 91+ Still Accruing Customer North America $ 90 $ 17 $ 44 $ 151 $ 7,805 $ 7,956 $ 12 EAME 29 13 167 209 2,885 3,094 7 Asia Pacific 37 15 25 77 2,511 2,588 12 Mining 3 13 19 35 1,814 1,849 — Latin America 44 17 85 146 1,352 1,498 — Caterpillar Power Finance 7 13 296 316 1,583 1,899 — Dealer North America — — — — 2,108 2,108 — EAME — — — — 330 330 — Asia Pacific — — — — 461 461 — Mining — — — — 4 4 — Latin America 1 1 79 81 632 713 1 Caterpillar Power Finance — — — — 1 1 — Total $ 211 $ 89 $ 715 $ 1,015 $ 21,486 $ 22,501 $ 32 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) 31-60 Days Past Due 61-90 Days Past Due 91+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 91+ Still Accruing Customer North America $ 65 $ 18 $ 84 $ 167 $ 7,825 $ 7,992 $ 14 EAME 19 9 153 181 2,850 3,031 5 Asia Pacific 24 9 8 41 2,409 2,450 5 Mining 28 1 9 38 1,642 1,680 — Latin America 38 29 71 138 1,421 1,559 — Caterpillar Power Finance 10 1 384 395 1,903 2,298 — Dealer North America — — — — 1,895 1,895 — EAME — — — — 333 333 — Asia Pacific — — — — 466 466 — Mining — — — — 4 4 — Latin America — — 78 78 638 716 — Caterpillar Power Finance — — — — 2 2 — Total $ 184 $ 67 $ 787 $ 1,038 $ 21,388 $ 22,426 $ 24 Impaired finance receivables For all classes, a finance receivable is considered impaired, based on current information and events, if it is probable that Cat Financial will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms. Impaired finance receivables include finance receivables that have been restructured and are considered to be troubled debt restructurings. There were $78 million of impaired finance receivables with a related allowance of $39 million and $14 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, for the Dealer portfolio segment, all of which was in Latin America. Cat Financial’s recorded investment in impaired finance receivables and the related unpaid principal balances and allowance for the Customer portfolio segment were as follows: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded North America $ 11 $ 11 $ — $ 10 $ 10 $ — EAME 1 1 — 1 1 — Asia Pacific — — — — — — Mining 26 26 — 33 33 — Latin America 21 21 — 29 29 — Caterpillar Power Finance 52 52 — 69 83 — Total $ 111 $ 111 $ — $ 142 $ 156 $ — Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded North America $ 28 $ 28 $ 10 $ 40 $ 41 $ 14 EAME 101 101 56 92 92 57 Asia Pacific 10 10 3 4 4 2 Mining 63 62 20 56 55 26 Latin America 70 69 26 75 75 25 Caterpillar Power Finance 406 420 151 449 455 164 Total $ 678 $ 690 $ 266 $ 716 $ 722 $ 288 Total Impaired Finance Receivables North America $ 39 $ 39 $ 10 $ 50 $ 51 $ 14 EAME 102 102 56 93 93 57 Asia Pacific 10 10 3 4 4 2 Mining 89 88 20 89 88 26 Latin America 91 90 26 104 104 25 Caterpillar Power Finance 458 472 151 518 538 164 Total $ 789 $ 801 $ 266 $ 858 $ 878 $ 288 Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded North America $ 10 $ — $ 18 $ 1 EAME 1 — 7 — Asia Pacific — — 28 — Mining 29 1 45 1 Latin America 20 1 43 — Caterpillar Power Finance 41 — 189 1 Total $ 101 $ 2 $ 330 $ 3 Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded North America $ 35 $ — $ 56 $ — EAME 94 — 48 1 Asia Pacific 9 — 5 — Mining 39 — 64 1 Latin America 74 2 65 1 Caterpillar Power Finance 443 4 356 3 Total $ 694 $ 6 $ 594 $ 6 Total Impaired Finance Receivables North America $ 45 $ — $ 74 $ 1 EAME 95 — 55 1 Asia Pacific 9 — 33 — Mining 68 1 109 2 Latin America 94 3 108 1 Caterpillar Power Finance 484 4 545 4 Total $ 795 $ 8 $ 924 $ 9 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded Customer North America $ 10 $ — $ 18 $ 1 EAME 1 — 23 — Asia Pacific — — 30 1 Mining 30 1 78 2 Latin America 23 1 44 1 Caterpillar Power Finance 51 1 178 3 Total $ 115 $ 3 $ 371 $ 8 Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded Customer North America $ 37 $ 1 $ 53 $ 1 EAME 94 1 32 1 Asia Pacific 8 — 5 — Mining 42 1 36 1 Latin America 75 3 76 2 Caterpillar Power Finance 446 7 355 4 Total $ 702 $ 13 $ 557 $ 9 Total Impaired Finance Receivables Customer North America $ 47 $ 1 $ 71 $ 2 EAME 95 1 55 1 Asia Pacific 8 — 35 1 Mining 72 2 114 3 Latin America 98 4 120 3 Caterpillar Power Finance 497 8 533 7 Total $ 817 $ 16 $ 928 $ 17 Recognition of income is suspended and the finance receivable is placed on non-accrual status when management determines that collection of future income is not probable (generally after 120 days past due). Recognition is resumed and previously suspended income is recognized when the finance receivable becomes current and collection of remaining amounts is considered probable. Payments received while the finance receivable is on non-accrual status are applied to interest and principal in accordance with the contractual terms. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , there were $78 million of finance receivables on non-accrual status for the Dealer portfolio segment, all of which was in Latin America. The recorded investment in customer finance receivables on non-accrual status was as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 North America $ 37 $ 77 EAME 165 154 Asia Pacific 13 4 Mining 20 50 Latin America 98 106 Caterpillar Power Finance 447 416 Total $ 780 $ 807 Troubled Debt Restructurings A restructuring of a finance receivable constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) when the lender grants a concession it would not otherwise consider to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. Concessions granted may include extended contract maturities, inclusion of interest only periods, below market interest rates, extended skip payment periods and reduction of principal and/or accrued interest. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , there were no additional funds committed to lend to a borrower whose terms have been modified in a TDR. There were no finance receivables modified as TDRs during the three months ended June 30, 2019 or 2018 for the Dealer portfolio segment. Cat Financial's investment in finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment modified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Number of Contracts Pre-TDR Recorded Investment Post-TDR Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-TDR Recorded Investment Post-TDR Recorded Investment North America 8 $ 5 $ 4 17 $ 7 $ 7 EAME 2 10 10 — — — Mining 1 6 6 — — — Latin America 4 2 2 — — — Caterpillar Power Finance 7 47 47 2 50 17 Total 22 $ 70 $ 69 19 $ 57 $ 24 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Number of Contracts Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment North America 8 $ 5 $ 4 30 $ 13 $ 13 EAME 21 21 17 — — — Mining 1 6 6 1 29 29 Latin America 4 2 2 1 3 3 Caterpillar Power Finance 15 98 97 5 53 20 Total 49 $ 132 $ 126 37 $ 98 $ 65

Fair Value Disclosures

Fair Value Disclosures	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Disclosures	Fair value disclosures A. Fair value measurements The guidance on fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. This guidance also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions. In accordance with this guidance, fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy: • Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. • Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or significant value-drivers are observable in active markets. • Level 3 – Model-derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value-drivers are unobservable. When available, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value, and we classify such measurements within Level 1. In some cases where market prices are not available, we make use of observable market based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuations in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters such as interest rates, yield curves and currency rates. These measurements are classified within Level 3. Fair value measurements are classified according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation. A measurement may therefore be classified within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable. Fair value measurement includes the consideration of nonperformance risk. Nonperformance risk refers to the risk that an obligation (either by a counterparty or Caterpillar) will not be fulfilled. For financial assets traded in an active market (Level 1 and certain Level 2), the nonperformance risk is included in the market price. For certain other financial assets and liabilities (certain Level 2 and Level 3), our fair value calculations have been adjusted accordingly. Investments in debt and equity securities We have investments in certain debt and equity securities, primarily at Insurance Services, that are recorded at fair value. Fair values for our U.S. treasury bonds and large capitalization value and smaller company growth equity securities are based upon valuations for identical instruments in active markets. Fair values for other government bonds, corporate bonds and mortgage-backed debt securities are based upon models that take into consideration such market-based factors as recent sales, risk-free yield curves and prices of similarly rated bonds. In addition, Insurance Services has an equity investment in a real estate investment trust (REIT) which is recorded at fair value based on the net asset value (NAV) of the investment and is not classified within the fair value hierarchy. See Note 8 for additional information on our investments in debt and equity securities. Derivative financial instruments The fair value of interest rate contracts is primarily based on models that utilize the appropriate market-based forward swap curves and zero-coupon interest rates to determine discounted cash flows. The fair value of foreign currency and commodity forward, option and cross currency contracts is based on a valuation model that discounts cash flows resulting from the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate. Assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis at fair value, primarily related to Financial Products, included in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized below: June 30, 2019 (Millions of dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Measured at NAV Total Assets / Liabilities, at Fair Value Assets Debt securities Government debt U.S. treasury bonds $ 9 $ — $ — $ — $ 9 Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds — 47 — — 47 Corporate bonds Corporate bonds — 819 — — 819 Asset-backed securities — 56 — — 56 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency — 305 — — 305 Residential — 7 — — 7 Commercial — 37 — — 37 Total debt securities 9 1,271 — — 1,280 Equity securities Large capitalization value 307 — — — 307 Smaller company growth 56 — — — 56 REIT — — — 122 122 Total equity securities 363 — — 122 485 Total assets $ 372 $ 1,271 $ — $ 122 $ 1,765 Liabilities Derivative financial instruments, net — 19 — — 19 Total liabilities $ — $ 19 $ — $ — $ 19 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Measured at NAV Total Assets / Liabilities, at Fair Value Assets Debt securities Government debt U.S. treasury bonds $ 9 $ — $ — $ — $ 9 Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds — 42 — — 42 Corporate bonds Corporate bonds — 720 — — 720 Asset-backed securities — 63 — — 63 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency — 297 — — 297 Residential — 7 — — 7 Commercial — 13 — — 13 Total debt securities 9 1,142 — — 1,151 Equity securities Large capitalization value 260 — — — 260 Smaller company growth 46 — — — 46 REIT — — — 119 119 Total equity securities 306 — — 119 425 Total assets $ 315 $ 1,142 $ — $ 119 $ 1,576 Liabilities Derivative financial instruments, net $ — $ 19 $ — $ — $ 19 Total liabilities $ — $ 19 $ — $ — $ 19 In addition to the amounts above, Cat Financial impaired loans are subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are classified as Level 3 measurements. A loan is considered impaired when management determines that collection of contractual amounts due is not probable. In these cases, an allowance for credit losses may be established based either on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables, or the observable market price of the receivable. In determining collateral value, Cat Financial estimates the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. Cat Financial had impaired loans with a fair value of $417 million and $469 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. B. Fair values of financial instruments In addition to the methods and assumptions we use to record the fair value of financial instruments as discussed in the Fair value measurements section above, we used the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of our financial instruments: Cash and short-term investments Carrying amount approximated fair value. Restricted cash and short-term investments Carrying amount approximated fair value. Restricted cash and short-term investments are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Finance receivables Fair value was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates, representative of receivables with similar remaining maturities. Wholesale inventory receivables Fair value was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates, representative of receivables with similar remaining maturities. Short-term borrowings Carrying amount approximated fair value. Long-term debt Fair value for fixed and floating rate debt was estimated based on quoted market prices. Guarantees The fair value of guarantees is based upon our estimate of the premium a market participant would require to issue the same guarantee in a stand-alone arms-length transaction with an unrelated party. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that utilize current market-based assumptions. Please refer to the table below for the fair values of our financial instruments. Fair Value of Financial Instruments June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value Fair Value Levels Reference Assets Cash and short-term investments $ 7,429 $ 7,429 $ 7,857 $ 7,857 1 Restricted cash and short-term investments $ 30 $ 30 $ 33 $ 33 1 Investments in debt and equity securities $ 1,765 $ 1,765 $ 1,576 $ 1,576 1 & 2 Note 8 Finance receivables – net (excluding finance leases 1 ) $ 14,526 $ 14,750 $ 14,714 $ 14,798 3 Note 17 Wholesale inventory receivables – net (excluding finance leases 1 ) $ 1,172 $ 1,151 $ 1,050 $ 1,025 3 Foreign currency contracts – net $ 51 $ 51 $ 47 $ 47 2 Note 5 Liabilities Short-term borrowings $ 5,266 $ 5,266 $ 5,723 $ 5,723 1 Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year) Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 7,670 $ 9,469 $ 8,015 $ 9,046 2 Financial Products $ 23,342 $ 23,596 $ 22,815 $ 22,684 2 Interest rate contracts – net $ 65 $ 65 $ 36 $ 36 2 Note 5 Commodity contracts – net $ 5 $ 5 $ 30 $ 30 2 Note 5 Guarantees $ 6 $ 6 $ 8 $ 8 3 Note 11 1 Represents finance leases and failed sales leasebacks of $7,758 million at June 30, 2019 and finance leases of $7,463 million at December 31, 2018 , respectively.

Other Income (expense)

Other Income (expense)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Other Income (expense) [Abstract]
Other income (expense)	Other income (expense) Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 2018 2019 2018 Investment and interest income $ 54 $ 45 $ 106 $ 81 Foreign exchange gains (losses) 1 (47 ) (60 ) (29 ) (79 ) License fee income 31 36 56 67 Net periodic pension and OPEB income (cost), excluding service cost 24 86 50 172 Gains (losses) on securities 14 7 53 4 Miscellaneous income (loss) (8 ) 7 (8 ) 3 Total $ 68 $ 121 $ 228 $ 248 1 Includes gains (losses) from foreign exchange derivative contracts. See Note 5 for further details.

Restructuring Costs

Restructuring Costs	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Restructuring Charges [Abstract]
Restructuring Costs	Restructuring costs Our accounting for employee separations is dependent upon how the particular program is designed. For voluntary programs, eligible separation costs are recognized at the time of employee acceptance unless the acceptance requires explicit approval by the company. For involuntary programs, eligible costs are recognized when management has approved the program, the affected employees have been properly notified and the costs are estimable. Restructuring costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Three Months Ended June 30 2019 2018 Employee separations 1 $ 10 $ 45 Long-lived asset impairments 1 29 30 Other 2 71 39 Total restructuring costs $ 110 $ 114 Six Months Ended June 30 2019 2018 Employee separations 1 $ 25 $ 78 Long-lived asset impairments 1 36 30 Other 2 97 75 Total restructuring costs $ 158 $ 183 1 Recognized in Other operating (income) expenses. 2 Represents costs related to our restructuring programs, primarily for inventory write-downs, project management costs, accelerated depreciation, equipment relocation and building demolition, all of which are primarily included in Cost of goods sold. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 , the restructuring costs were primarily related to restructuring actions in Construction Industries and Energy & Transportation. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 , the restructuring costs were primarily related to ongoing facility closures across the company. Certain restructuring costs are a reconciling item between Segment profit and Consolidated profit before taxes. See Note 16 for more information. The following table summarizes the 2018 and 2019 employee separation activity: (Millions of dollars) Liability balance at December 31, 2017 $ 249 Increase in liability (separation charges) 112 Reduction in liability (payments) (276 ) Liability balance at December 31, 2018 85 Increase in liability (separation charges) 25 Reduction in liability (payments) (60 ) Liability balance at June 30, 2019 $ 50 Most of the liability balance at June 30, 2019 is expected to be paid in 2019 and 2020. In September 2015, we announced a large scale restructuring plan (the Plan) including a voluntary retirement enhancement program for qualifying U.S. employees, several voluntary separation programs outside of the U.S., additional involuntary programs throughout the company and manufacturing facility consolidations and closures that occurred through 2018. The largest action among those included in the Plan was related to our European manufacturing footprint, which led to the Gosselies, Belgium, facility closure. In the first six months of 2019 , we incurred $19 million of restructuring costs related to the Plan. Total restructuring costs incurred since the inception of the Plan were $1,807 million . The remaining costs of approximately $20 million related to the Plan are expected to be recognized in 2019

Derivative Financial Instrume_2

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Risk Management Policy	Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Foreign currency exchange rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the U.S. dollar value of sales made and costs incurred in foreign currencies. Movements in foreign currency rates also affect our competitive position as these changes may affect business practices and/or pricing strategies of non-U.S.-based competitors. Additionally, we have balance sheet positions denominated in foreign currencies, thereby creating exposure to movements in exchange rates. Our Machinery, Energy & Transportation operations purchase, manufacture and sell products in many locations around the world. As we have a diversified revenue and cost base, we manage our future foreign currency cash flow exposure on a net basis. We use foreign currency forward and option contracts to manage unmatched foreign currency cash inflow and outflow. Our objective is to minimize the risk of exchange rate movements that would reduce the U.S. dollar value of our foreign currency cash flow. Our policy allows for managing anticipated foreign currency cash flow for up to five years . As of June 30, 2019 , the maximum term of these outstanding contracts was approximately 51 months . We generally designate as cash flow hedges at inception of the contract any Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound, Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, Indian rupee, Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Singapore dollar or Thailand baht forward or option contracts that meet the requirements for hedge accounting and the maturity extends beyond the current quarter-end. Designation is performed on a specific exposure basis to support hedge accounting. The remainder of Machinery, Energy & Transportation foreign currency contracts are undesignated. As of June 30, 2019 , $6 million of deferred net gains, net of tax, included in equity (AOCI in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position), are expected to be reclassified to current earnings (Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations) over the next twelve months when earnings are affected by the hedged transactions. The actual amount recorded in Other income (expense) will vary based on exchange rates at the time the hedged transactions impact earnings. In managing foreign currency risk for our Financial Products operations, our objective is to minimize earnings volatility resulting from conversion and the remeasurement of net foreign currency balance sheet positions and future transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our policy allows the use of foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts to offset the risk of currency mismatch between our assets and liabilities and exchange rate risk associated with future transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our foreign currency forward and option contracts are primarily undesignated. We designate fixed-to-fixed cross currency contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against movements in exchange rates on foreign currency fixed-rate assets and liabilities. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the amount of our interest payments and the value of our fixed-rate debt. Our practice is to use interest rate contracts to manage our exposure to interest rate changes. Our Machinery, Energy & Transportation operations generally use fixed-rate debt as a source of funding. Our objective is to minimize the cost of borrowed funds. Our policy allows us to enter into fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts and forward rate agreements to meet that objective. We designate fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts as fair value hedges at inception of the contract, and we designate certain forward rate agreements as cash flow hedges at inception of the contract. Financial Products operations has a match-funding policy that addresses interest rate risk by aligning the interest rate profile (fixed or floating rate) of Cat Financial’s debt portfolio with the interest rate profile of our receivables portfolio within predetermined ranges on an ongoing basis. In connection with that policy, we use interest rate derivative instruments to modify the debt structure to match assets within the receivables portfolio. This matched funding reduces the volatility of margins between interest-bearing assets and interest-bearing liabilities, regardless of which direction interest rates move. Our policy allows us to use fixed-to-floating, floating-to-fixed and floating-to-floating interest rate contracts to meet the match-funding objective. We designate fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts as fair value hedges to protect debt against changes in fair value due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. We designate most floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. We have, at certain times, liquidated fixed-to-floating and floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts at both Machinery, Energy & Transportation and Financial Products. The gains or losses associated with these contracts at the time of liquidation are amortized into earnings over the original term of the previously designated hedged item. Commodity Price Risk Commodity price movements create a degree of risk by affecting the price we must pay for certain raw material. Our policy is to use commodity forward and option contracts to manage the commodity risk and reduce the cost of purchased materials. Our Machinery, Energy & Transportation operations purchase base and precious metals embedded in the components we purchase from suppliers. Our suppliers pass on to us price changes in the commodity portion of the component cost. In addition, we are subject to price changes on energy products such as natural gas and diesel fuel purchased for operational use. Our objective is to minimize volatility in the price of these commodities. Our policy allows us to enter into commodity forward and option contracts to lock in the purchase price of a portion of these commodities within a five-year horizon. All such commodity forward and option contracts are undesignated.

New Accounting Guidance (Tables

New Accounting Guidance (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Table Text Block]	The cumulative effect of initially applying the new lease guidance to our consolidated financial statements on January 1, 2019 was as follows: Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Balance as of December 31, 2018 Cumulative Impact from Adopting New Lease Guidance Balance as of January 1, 2019 Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 1,765 $ (17 ) $ 1,748 Property, plant and equipment - net $ 13,574 $ (26 ) $ 13,548 Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes $ 1,439 $ (77 ) $ 1,362 Other assets $ 2,332 $ 713 $ 3,045 Liabilities Accrued expenses $ 3,573 $ (27 ) $ 3,546 Other current liabilities $ 1,919 $ 209 $ 2,128 Long-term debt due after one year Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 8,005 $ (362 ) $ 7,643 Other liabilities $ 3,756 $ 538 $ 4,294 Shareholders' equity Profit employed in the business $ 30,427 $ 235 $ 30,662

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Schedule of type and fair value of the stock-based compensation awards granted during the period	The following table illustrates the type and fair value of the stock-based compensation awards granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively: Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Shares Granted Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share Weighted-Average Grant Date Stock Price Shares Granted Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share Weighted-Average Grant Date Stock Price Stock options 1,499,524 $ 40.98 $ 138.35 1,566,788 $ 46.18 $ 151.12 RSUs 657,389 $ 138.35 $ 138.35 683,339 $ 151.16 $ 151.16 PRSUs 342,097 $ 138.35 $ 138.35 339,559 $ 151.12 $ 151.12
Schedule providing assumptions used in determining the fair value of stock-based awards	The following table provides the assumptions used in determining the fair value of the stock-based awards for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively: Grant Year 2019 2018 Weighted-average dividend yield 2.56% 2.70% Weighted-average volatility 29.1% 30.2% Range of volatilities 25.1-38.7% 21.5-33.0% Range of risk-free interest rates 2.48-2.68% 2.02-2.87% Weighted-average expected lives 7 years 8 years

Derivative Financial Instrume_3

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Derivative
Location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position	The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position are as follows: (Millions of dollars) Consolidated Statement of Financial Asset (Liability) Fair Value Position Location June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Designated derivatives Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Receivables – trade and other $ 26 $ 16 Machinery, Energy & Transportation Accrued expenses (17 ) (26 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other liabilities (4 ) (9 ) Financial Products Receivables – trade and other 47 53 Financial Products Long-term receivables – trade and other 15 35 Financial Products Accrued expenses (17 ) (9 ) Interest rate contracts Financial Products Receivables – trade and other — 1 Financial Products Long-term receivables – trade and other 6 3 Financial Products Accrued expenses (71 ) (40 ) $ (15 ) $ 24 Undesignated derivatives Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Receivables – trade and other $ 5 $ 2 Machinery, Energy & Transportation Accrued expenses — (21 ) Financial Products Receivables – trade and other 11 15 Financial Products Long-term receivables – trade and other 5 5 Financial Products Accrued expenses (20 ) (14 ) Commodity contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Receivables – trade and other 4 1 Machinery, Energy & Transportation Accrued expenses (8 ) (31 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other liabilities (1 ) — $ (4 ) $ (43 )
Total notional amounts of derivative instruments	The total notional amounts of the derivative instruments are as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 2,110 $ 1,834 Financial Products $ 8,736 $ 10,210
Effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments on Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations	The effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations is as follows: Cash Flow Hedges Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Recognized in Earnings (Millions of dollars) Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI Classification of Amount of Gains Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations containing hedging gains (losses) Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 4 Cost of goods sold $ (1 ) $ 9,941 Financial Products 10 Interest expense of Financial Products 7 $ 192 Other income (expense) (4 ) $ 68 Interest rate contracts Financial Products (34 ) Interest expense of Financial Products — $ 192 $ (20 ) $ 2 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Recognized in Earnings Amount of Gains (Effective Portion) Classification of Amount of Gains Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion) Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ (79 ) Other income (expense) $ 4 $ — Financial Products 123 Other income (expense) 119 — Interest expense of Financial Products 5 — Interest rate contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation — Interest expense excluding Financial Products (2 ) — Financial Products 5 Interest expense of Financial Products — — $ 49 $ 126 $ —
Effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations	The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations is as follows: (Millions of dollars) Classification of Gains (Losses) Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other income (expense) $ 7 $ (54 ) Financial Products Other income (expense) (10 ) 23 Commodity contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other income (expense) (7 ) 9 $ (10 ) $ (22 ) Classification of Gains (Losses) Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Foreign exchange contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other income (expense) $ 13 $ (38 ) Financial Products Other income (expense) (39 ) 16 Commodity contracts Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other income (expense) 16 — $ (10 ) $ (22 )
Effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on derivative assets	December 31, 2018 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Gross Amount of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount of Assets Derivatives Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 19 $ — $ 19 $ (19 ) $ — $ — Financial Products 112 — 112 (34 ) — 78 Total $ 131 $ — $ 131 $ (53 ) $ — $ 78 The effect of the net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances upon an event of default or termination event is as follows: June 30, 2019 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Gross Amount of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount of Assets Derivatives Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 35 $ — $ 35 $ (20 ) $ — $ 15 Financial Products 84 — 84 (19 ) — 65 Total $ 119 $ — $ 119 $ (39 ) $ — $ 80
Effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on derivative liabilities	June 30, 2019 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount of Liabilities Derivatives Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ (30 ) $ — $ (30 ) $ 20 $ — $ (10 ) Financial Products (108 ) — (108 ) 19 — (89 ) Total $ (138 ) $ — $ (138 ) $ 39 $ — $ (99 ) December 31, 2018 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position (Millions of dollars) Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount of Liabilities Derivatives Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ (87 ) $ — $ (87 ) $ 19 $ — $ (68 ) Financial Products (63 ) — (63 ) 34 — (29 ) Total $ (150 ) $ — $ (150 ) $ 53 $ — $ (97 )

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventories	Inventories (principally using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method) are comprised of the following: (Millions of dollars) June 30, December 31, Raw materials $ 3,593 $ 3,382 Work-in-process 2,574 2,674 Finished goods 5,604 5,241 Supplies 236 232 Total inventories $ 12,007 $ 11,529

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Intangible assets	Intangible assets are comprised of the following: June 30, 2019 (Millions of dollars) Weighted Amortizable Life (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Customer relationships 15 $ 2,460 $ (1,330 ) $ 1,130 Intellectual property 12 1,516 (992 ) 524 Other 12 199 (120 ) 79 Total finite-lived intangible assets 14 $ 4,175 $ (2,442 ) $ 1,733 December 31, 2018 Weighted Amortizable Life (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Customer relationships 15 $ 2,463 $ (1,249 ) $ 1,214 Intellectual property 11 1,557 (965 ) 592 Other 13 199 (108 ) 91 Total finite-lived intangible assets 14 $ 4,219 $ (2,322 ) $ 1,897
Expected amortization expense related to intangible assets	Amortization expense related to intangible assets is expected to be: (Millions of dollars) Remaining Six Months of 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter $162 $311 $293 $274 $216 $477
Goodwill acquired	The changes in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, 2019 were as follows: (Millions of dollars) December 31, Other Adjustments 1 June 30, Construction Industries Goodwill $ 304 $ 4 $ 308 Impairments (22 ) — (22 ) Net goodwill 282 4 286 Resource Industries Goodwill 4,172 (7 ) 4,165 Impairments (1,175 ) — (1,175 ) Net goodwill 2,997 (7 ) 2,990 Energy & Transportation Goodwill 2,882 (4 ) 2,878 All Other 2 Goodwill 56 1 57 Consolidated total Goodwill 7,414 (6 ) 7,408 Impairments (1,197 ) — (1,197 ) Net goodwill $ 6,217 $ (6 ) $ 6,211 1 Other adjustments are comprised primarily of foreign currency translation. 2 Includes All Other operating segment (See Note 16).

Investments in Debt and Equit_2

Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Cost basis and fair value of available-for-sale securities	The cost basis and fair value of debt securities with unrealized gains and losses included in equity (Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position) were as follows: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Cost Basis Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses) Fair Value Cost Basis Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses) Fair Value Government debt U.S. treasury bonds $ 9 $ — $ 9 $ 9 $ — $ 9 Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds 47 — 47 42 — 42 Corporate bonds Corporate bonds 805 14 819 735 (15 ) 720 Asset-backed securities 56 — 56 63 — 63 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency 302 3 305 301 (4 ) 297 Residential 7 — 7 7 — 7 Commercial 36 1 37 14 (1 ) 13 Total debt securities $ 1,262 $ 18 $ 1,280 $ 1,171 $ (20 ) $ 1,151
Investments in an unrealized loss position that are not other-than-temporarily impaired:	Available-for-sale investments in an unrealized loss position that are not other-than-temporarily impaired: June 30, 2019 Less than 12 months 1 12 months or more 1 Total (Millions of dollars) Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Corporate bonds Corporate bonds $ 33 $ — $ 134 $ 1 $ 167 $ 1 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency 9 — 57 1 66 1 Total $ 42 $ — $ 191 $ 2 $ 233 $ 2 December 31, 2018 Less than 12 months 1 12 months or more 1 Total (Millions of dollars) Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Corporate bonds Corporate bonds $ 280 $ 3 $ 391 $ 11 $ 671 $ 14 Asset-backed securities 6 — 38 1 44 1 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency 52 — 223 5 275 5 Commercial — — 14 1 14 1 Total $ 338 $ 3 $ 666 $ 18 $ 1,004 $ 21 1 Indicates the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
Cost basis and fair value of the available-for-sale debt securities by contractual maturity	The cost basis and fair value of the available-for-sale debt securities at June 30, 2019 , by contractual maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay and creditors may have the right to call obligations. June 30, 2019 (Millions of dollars) Cost Basis Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 100 $ 99 Due after one year through five years 664 674 Due after five years through ten years 134 138 Due after ten years 19 20 U.S. governmental agency mortgage-backed securities 302 305 Residential mortgage-backed securities 7 7 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 36 37 Total debt securities – available-for-sale $ 1,262 $ 1,280
Schedule of proceeds and gross gain and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities	Sales of available-for-sale securities: Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 2018 2019 2018 Proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale securities $ 97 $ 67 $ 144 $ 140 Gross gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities $ 1 $ — $ 1 $ — Gross losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities $ — $ — $ 1 $ —

Postretirement Benefits (Tables

Postretirement Benefits (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Schedule of net benefit costs	U.S. Pension Benefits Non-U.S. Pension Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits (Millions of dollars) June 30 June 30 June 30 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 For the three months ended: Components of net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ 28 $ 31 $ 20 $ 23 $ 21 $ 21 Interest cost 150 134 24 24 34 31 Expected return on plan assets (179 ) (203 ) (38 ) (56 ) (5 ) (8 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) — — — — (10 ) (8 ) Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) 1 $ (1 ) $ (38 ) $ 6 $ (9 ) $ 40 $ 36 For the six months ended: Components of net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ 57 $ 63 $ 41 $ 45 $ 41 $ 42 Interest cost 300 267 47 49 68 62 Expected return on plan assets (360 ) (405 ) (75 ) (112 ) (10 ) (16 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) — — — — (20 ) (17 ) Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) 1 $ (3 ) $ (75 ) $ 13 $ (18 ) $ 79 $ 71 1 The service cost component of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits cost (benefit) is included in Operating costs in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations. All other components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits cost (benefit) are included in Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations.
Company costs related to U.S. and non-U.S. defined contribution plans	Total company costs related to our defined contribution plans were as follows: Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 2018 2019 2018 U.S. Plans $ 93 $ 77 $ 230 $ 150 Non-U.S. Plans 21 21 42 43 $ 114 $ 98 $ 272 $ 193

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Lease, Cost	The components of lease costs were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 2019 Operating lease cost $ 54 $ 118 Short-term lease cost $ 20 $ 32
Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases	Supplemental information related to leases was as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 January 1, 2019 Operating Leases Other assets $ 656 $ 713 Other current liabilities $ 187 $ 209 Other liabilities $ 480 $ 511 Weighted average remaining lease term Operating leases 7 years 7 years Weighted average discount rates Operating leases 2 % 2 %
Schedule of Maturities of Operating and Finance Leases Liabilities	Maturities of operating lease liabilities at June 30, 2019 and minimum payments for operating leases having initial or remaining non-cancelable terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2018 were as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 Amounts Due In Remaining six months of 2019 $ 102 2020 164 2021 122 2022 76 2023 58 Thereafter 196 Total lease payments 718 Less: Imputed interest (51 ) Total $ 667 December 31, 2018 Amounts Due In 2019 $ 205 2020 154 2021 111 2022 67 2023 50 Thereafter 185 Total $ 772
Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases	Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows: (Millions of dollars) Six Months Ended June 30 2019 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 114 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases $ 68
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivable, Maturity	Contractual maturities of finance lease receivables (sales-type and direct finance leases) were as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 Amounts Due In Retail Leases 1 Wholesale Leases 2 Total Remaining six months of 2019 $ 1,806 $ 41 $ 1,847 2020 2,562 63 2,625 2021 1,510 46 1,556 2022 691 30 721 2023 285 19 304 Thereafter 116 30 146 Total 6,970 229 7,199 Guaranteed residual value 387 57 444 Unguaranteed residual value 803 34 837 Less: Unearned income (677 ) (40 ) (717 ) Total $ 7,483 $ 280 $ 7,763 December 31, 2018 Amounts Due In Retail Leases 1 Wholesale Leases 2 Total 2019 $ 2,981 $ 70 $ 3,051 2020 2,026 48 2,074 2021 1,073 30 1,103 2022 453 16 469 2023 166 6 172 Thereafter 56 3 59 Total 6,755 173 6,928 Guaranteed residual value 392 66 458 Unguaranteed residual value 822 35 857 Less: Unearned income (628 ) (16 ) (644 ) Total $ 7,341 $ 258 $ 7,599 1 Included in Receivables - finance and Long-term receivables - finance on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 2 Included in Receivables - trade and other and Long-term receivables - trade and other in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Wholesale lease receivables are receivables of Cat Financial that arise when Cat Financial provides financing for a dealer's lease of inventory.
Schedule of Equipment under Operating Leases	The carrying amount of equipment leased to others, included in Property, plant and equipment - net in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, under operating leases was as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Equipment leased to others - at original cost $ 6,520 $ 6,015 Less: Accumulated depreciation (2,054 ) (1,744 ) Equipment leased to others - net $ 4,466 $ 4,271
Lessor, Operating Lease, Payments to be Received, Maturity	Payments due for operating leases at June 30, 2019 and scheduled minimum rental payments for operating leases at December 31, 2018 were as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 Remaining Six Months of 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total $580 $696 $406 $208 $98 $100 $ 2,088 December 31, 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total $896 $574 $314 $158 $71 $69 $ 2,082
Revenue from sales-type and operating lease	Revenues from finance and operating leases, primarily included in Revenues of Financial Products on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 2019 Finance lease revenue $ 135 $ 254 Operating lease revenue 308 624 Total $ 443 $ 878

Guarantees and Product Warran_2

Guarantees and Product Warranty (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Guarantees	The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted and without reduction for any amounts that may possibly be recovered under recourse or collateralized provisions) we could be required to make under the guarantees are as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, December 31, Caterpillar dealer performance guarantees $ 1,252 $ 1,244 Customer loan guarantees 25 31 Supplier consortium performance guarantees 245 527 Third party logistics business lease guarantees 56 60 Other guarantees 125 116 Total guarantees $ 1,703 $ 1,978
Product warranty	Specific rates are developed for each product shipment month and are updated monthly based on actual warranty claim experience. (Millions of dollars) 2019 Warranty liability, January 1 $ 1,391 Reduction in liability (payments) (425 ) Increase in liability (new warranties) 490 Warranty liability, June 30 $ 1,456 (Millions of dollars) 2018 Warranty liability, January 1 $ 1,419 Reduction in liability (payments) (783 ) Increase in liability (new warranties) 755 Warranty liability, December 31 $ 1,391

Profit Per Share (Tables)

Profit Per Share (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Computations of profit per share	Computations of profit per share: Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in millions except per share data) 2019 2018 2019 2018 Profit for the period (A) 1 $ 1,620 $ 1,707 $ 3,501 $ 3,372 Determination of shares (in millions): Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (B) 567.8 596.2 569.9 597.0 Shares issuable on exercise of stock awards, net of shares assumed to be purchased out of proceeds at average market price 5.3 8.0 5.9 9.1 Average common shares outstanding for fully diluted computation (C) 2 573.1 604.2 575.8 606.1 Profit per share of common stock: Assuming no dilution (A/B) $ 2.85 $ 2.86 $ 6.14 $ 5.65 Assuming full dilution (A/C) 2 $ 2.83 $ 2.82 $ 6.08 $ 5.56 Shares outstanding as of June 30 (in millions) 562.6 594.3 1 Profit attributable to common shareholders. 2 Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards using the treasury stock method.

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_2

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, included in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, consisted of the following: (Millions of dollars) Foreign currency translation Pension and other postretirement benefits Derivative financial instruments Available-for-sale securities Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Balance at March 31, 2019 $ (1,525 ) $ 24 $ (88 ) $ 1 $ (1,588 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 99 — (16 ) 15 98 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss — (7 ) (1 ) (1 ) (9 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 99 (7 ) (17 ) 14 89 Balance at June 30, 2019 $ (1,426 ) $ 17 $ (105 ) $ 15 $ (1,499 ) Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Balance at March 31, 2018 $ (1,021 ) $ 37 $ (18 ) $ (14 ) $ (1,016 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (411 ) — 36 (2 ) (377 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss — (7 ) (96 ) — (103 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) (411 ) (7 ) (60 ) (2 ) (480 ) Balance at June 30, 2018 $ (1,432 ) $ 30 $ (78 ) $ (16 ) $ (1,496 ) (Millions of dollars) Foreign currency translation Pension and other postretirement benefits Derivative financial instruments Available-for-sale securities Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Balance at December 31, 2018 $ (1,601 ) $ 12 $ (80 ) $ (15 ) $ (1,684 ) Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance related to reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income 1 98 19 (9 ) — 108 Balance at January 1, 2019 (1,503 ) 31 (89 ) (15 ) (1,576 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 77 — (6 ) 30 101 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss — (14 ) (10 ) — (24 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 77 (14 ) (16 ) 30 77 Balance at June 30, 2019 $ (1,426 ) $ 17 $ (105 ) $ 15 $ (1,499 ) Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ (1,205 ) $ 46 $ (41 ) $ 8 $ (1,192 ) Adjustment to adopt recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities guidance — — — (11 ) (11 ) Balance at January 1, 2018 (1,205 ) 46 (41 ) (3 ) (1,203 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (228 ) (2 ) 41 (13 ) (202 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss $ 1 $ (14 ) $ (78 ) $ — $ (91 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) $ (227 ) $ (16 ) $ (37 ) $ (13 ) $ (293 ) Balance at June 30, 2018 $ (1,432 ) $ 30 $ (78 ) $ (16 ) $ (1,496 ) 1 See Note 2 for additional information.
Reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	The effect of the reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations is as follows: Three Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) Classification of income (expense) 2019 2018 Pension and other postretirement benefits: Amortization of prior service credit (cost) Other income (expense) $ 10 $ 8 Tax (provision) benefit (3 ) (1 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ 7 $ 7 Derivative financial instruments: Foreign exchange contracts Cost of goods sold (1 ) — Foreign exchange contracts Interest expense of Financial Products 7 5 Foreign exchange contracts Other income (expense) (4 ) 123 Interest rate contracts Interest expense excluding Financial Products — (2 ) Reclassifications before tax 2 126 Tax (provision) benefit (1 ) (30 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ 1 $ 96 Available-for-sale securities: Realized gain (loss) Other income (expense) $ 1 $ — Reclassifications net of tax $ 1 $ — Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ 9 $ 103 Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) Classification of income (expense) 2019 2018 Foreign currency translation Gain (loss) on foreign currency translation Other income (expense) $ — $ (1 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ — $ (1 ) Pension and other postretirement benefits: Amortization of prior service credit (cost) Other income (expense) $ 20 $ 17 Tax (provision) benefit (6 ) (3 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ 14 $ 14 Derivative financial instruments: Foreign exchange contracts Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 1 $ — Foreign exchange contracts Cost of goods sold (4 ) — Foreign exchange contracts Interest expense of Financial Products 14 8 Foreign exchange contracts Other income (expense) 2 95 Interest rate contracts Interest expense excluding Financial Products (1 ) (2 ) Interest rate contracts Interest expense of Financial Products 1 1 Reclassifications before tax 13 102 Tax (provision) benefit (3 ) (24 ) Reclassifications net of tax $ 10 $ 78 Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ 24 $ 91

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Reconciliation of Sales and revenues
Reportable Segments	Reportable Segments Three Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 External sales and revenues Inter- segment sales and revenues Total sales and revenues Depreciation and amortization Segment profit Segment Capital expenditures Construction Industries $ 6,446 $ 21 $ 6,467 $ 81 $ 1,247 $ 5,004 $ 41 Resource Industries 2,711 89 2,800 104 481 6,456 37 Energy & Transportation 4,524 962 5,486 155 886 8,716 118 Machinery, Energy & Transportation 13,681 1,072 14,753 340 2,614 20,176 196 Financial Products Segment 873 1 — 873 207 193 36,584 459 Total $ 14,554 $ 1,072 $ 15,626 $ 547 $ 2,807 $ 56,760 $ 655 2018 External sales and revenues Inter- segment sales and revenues Total sales and revenues Depreciation and amortization Segment profit Segment assets at December 31 Capital expenditures Construction Industries $ 6,137 $ 35 $ 6,172 $ 90 $ 1,154 $ 4,902 $ 62 Resource Industries 2,431 95 2,526 115 411 6,442 39 Energy & Transportation 4,714 1,010 5,724 157 1,012 8,386 140 Machinery, Energy & Transportation 13,282 1,140 14,422 362 2,577 19,730 241 Financial Products Segment 829 1 — 829 212 134 36,002 533 Total $ 14,111 $ 1,140 $ 15,251 $ 574 $ 2,711 $ 55,732 $ 774 1 Includes revenues from Machinery, Energy & Transportation of $136 million and $118 million in the second quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Reportable Segments Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 External sales and revenues Inter- segment sales and revenues Total sales and revenues Depreciation and amortization Segment profit Segment Capital expenditures Construction Industries $ 12,298 $ 42 $ 12,340 $ 161 $ 2,332 $ 5,004 $ 69 Resource Industries 5,358 169 5,527 209 1,057 6,456 60 Energy & Transportation 8,757 1,939 10,696 307 1,724 8,716 216 Machinery, Energy & Transportation 26,413 2,150 28,563 677 5,113 20,176 345 Financial Products Segment 1,723 1 — 1,723 413 404 36,584 705 Total $ 28,136 $ 2,150 $ 30,286 $ 1,090 $ 5,517 $ 56,760 $ 1,050 2018 External sales and revenues Inter- segment sales and revenues Total sales and revenues Depreciation and amortization Segment profit Segment assets at December 31 Capital expenditures Construction Industries $ 11,796 $ 53 $ 11,849 $ 179 $ 2,271 $ 4,902 $ 104 Resource Industries 4,639 196 4,835 231 789 6,442 62 Energy & Transportation 8,990 1,953 10,943 315 1,886 8,386 302 Machinery, Energy & Transportation 25,425 2,202 27,627 725 4,946 19,730 468 Financial Products Segment 1,622 1 — 1,622 415 275 36,002 894 Total $ 27,047 $ 2,202 $ 29,249 $ 1,140 $ 5,221 $ 55,732 $ 1,362 1 Includes revenues from Machinery, Energy & Transportation of $267 million and $223 million in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit before taxes:	Reconciliation of Consolidated profit before taxes: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidated Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total profit from reportable segments $ 2,614 $ 193 $ 2,807 All Other operating segment 11 — 11 Cost centers 17 — 17 Corporate costs (148 ) (1 ) (149 ) Timing (58 ) — (58 ) Restructuring costs (72 ) (31 ) (103 ) Methodology differences: Inventory/cost of sales (8 ) — (8 ) Postretirement benefit expense 2 — 2 Stock-based compensation expense (66 ) (2 ) (68 ) Financing costs (51 ) — (51 ) Currency (92 ) — (92 ) Other income/expense methodology differences (121 ) — (121 ) Other methodology differences (12 ) 3 (9 ) Total consolidated profit before taxes $ 2,016 $ 162 $ 2,178 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total profit from reportable segments $ 2,577 $ 134 $ 2,711 All Other operating segment 23 — 23 Cost centers (1 ) — (1 ) Corporate costs (178 ) — (178 ) Timing (66 ) — (66 ) Restructuring costs (113 ) (1 ) (114 ) Methodology differences: Inventory/cost of sales 31 — 31 Postretirement benefit expense 82 — 82 Stock-based compensation expense (60 ) (2 ) (62 ) Financing costs (69 ) — (69 ) Currency (52 ) — (52 ) Other income/expense methodology differences (95 ) — (95 ) Other methodology differences (29 ) 5 (24 ) Total consolidated profit before taxes $ 2,050 $ 136 $ 2,186 Reconciliation of Consolidated profit before taxes: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidated Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total profit from reportable segments $ 5,113 $ 404 $ 5,517 All Other operating segment 36 — 36 Cost centers 41 — 41 Corporate costs (319 ) (6 ) (325 ) Timing (124 ) — (124 ) Restructuring costs (111 ) (31 ) (142 ) Methodology differences: Inventory/cost of sales (1 ) — (1 ) Postretirement benefit expense (15 ) — (15 ) Stock-based compensation expense (109 ) (4 ) (113 ) Financing costs (115 ) — (115 ) Currency (48 ) — (48 ) Other income/expense methodology differences (250 ) — (250 ) Other methodology differences (24 ) 5 (19 ) Total consolidated profit before taxes $ 4,074 $ 368 $ 4,442 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total profit from reportable segments $ 4,946 $ 275 $ 5,221 All Other operating segment 80 — 80 Cost centers 26 — 26 Corporate costs (346 ) — (346 ) Timing (150 ) — (150 ) Restructuring costs (182 ) (1 ) (183 ) Methodology differences: Inventory/cost of sales 23 — 23 Postretirement benefit expense 169 — 169 Stock-based compensation expense (108 ) (4 ) (112 ) Financing costs (147 ) — (147 ) Currency (49 ) — (49 ) Other income/expense methodology differences (173 ) — (173 ) Other methodology differences (42 ) 3 (39 ) Total consolidated profit before taxes $ 4,047 $ 273 $ 4,320
Reconciliation of Restructuring costs:	As noted above, certain restructuring costs are a reconciling item between Segment profit and Consolidated profit before taxes. Had we included the amounts in the segments' results, the profit would have been as shown below: Reconciliation of Restructuring costs: (Millions of dollars) Segment Restructuring costs Segment profit with Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Construction Industries $ 1,247 $ (45 ) $ 1,202 Resource Industries 481 (15 ) 466 Energy & Transportation 886 (41 ) 845 Financial Products Segment 193 — 193 All Other operating segment 11 (1 ) 10 Total $ 2,818 $ (102 ) $ 2,716 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Construction Industries $ 1,154 $ (29 ) $ 1,125 Resource Industries 411 (52 ) 359 Energy & Transportation 1,012 (24 ) 988 Financial Products Segment 134 (1 ) 133 All Other operating segment 23 (5 ) 18 Total $ 2,734 $ (111 ) $ 2,623 Reconciliation of Restructuring costs: (Millions of dollars) Segment Restructuring costs Segment profit with Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Construction Industries $ 2,332 $ (54 ) $ 2,278 Resource Industries 1,057 (29 ) 1,028 Energy & Transportation 1,724 (52 ) 1,672 Financial Products Segment 404 — 404 All Other operating segment 36 (6 ) 30 Total $ 5,553 $ (141 ) $ 5,412 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Construction Industries $ 2,271 $ (43 ) $ 2,228 Resource Industries 789 (96 ) 693 Energy & Transportation 1,886 (29 ) 1,857 Financial Products Segment 275 (1 ) 274 All Other operating segment 80 (9 ) 71 Total $ 5,301 $ (178 ) $ 5,123
Reconciliation of Assets:	Reconciliation of Assets: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated Total June 30, 2019 Total assets from reportable segments $ 20,176 $ 36,584 $ — $ 56,760 All Other operating segment 1,266 — — 1,266 Items not included in segment assets: Cash and short-term investments 6,528 — — 6,528 Intercompany receivables 1,437 — (1,437 ) — Investment in Financial Products 3,953 — (3,953 ) — Deferred income taxes 2,008 — (647 ) 1,361 Goodwill and intangible assets 4,457 — — 4,457 Property, plant and equipment – net and other assets 2,329 — — 2,329 Inventory methodology differences (2,406 ) — — (2,406 ) Liabilities included in segment assets 9,445 — — 9,445 Other (495 ) 52 (110 ) (553 ) Total assets $ 48,698 $ 36,636 $ (6,147 ) $ 79,187 December 31, 2018 Total assets from reportable segments $ 19,730 $ 36,002 $ — $ 55,732 All Other operating segment 1,279 — — 1,279 Items not included in segment assets: Cash and short-term investments 6,968 — — 6,968 Intercompany receivables 1,633 — (1,633 ) — Investment in Financial Products 3,672 — (3,672 ) — Deferred income taxes 2,015 — (692 ) 1,323 Goodwill and intangible assets 4,279 — — 4,279 Property, plant and equipment – net and other assets 1,802 — — 1,802 Inventory methodology differences (2,503 ) — — (2,503 ) Liabilities included in segment assets 9,766 — — 9,766 Other (166 ) 66 (37 ) (137 ) Total assets $ 48,475 $ 36,068 $ (6,034 ) $ 78,509
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization:	Reconciliations of Depreciation and amortization: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidated Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total depreciation and amortization from reportable segments $ 340 $ 207 $ 547 Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization: All Other operating segment 53 — 53 Cost centers 33 — 33 Other 5 9 14 Total depreciation and amortization $ 431 $ 216 $ 647 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total depreciation and amortization from reportable segments $ 362 $ 212 $ 574 Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization: All Other operating segment 58 — 58 Cost centers 32 — 32 Other 13 9 22 Total depreciation and amortization $ 465 $ 221 $ 686 Reconciliations of Depreciation and amortization: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Transportation Financial Consolidated Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total depreciation and amortization from reportable segments $ 677 $ 413 $ 1,090 Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization: 0 0 All Other operating segment 105 — 105 Cost centers 65 — 65 Other 8 20 28 Total depreciation and amortization $ 855 $ 433 $ 1,288 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total depreciation and amortization from reportable segments $ 725 $ 415 $ 1,140 Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization: All Other operating segment 115 — 115 Cost centers 63 — 63 Other 30 19 49 Total depreciation and amortization $ 933 $ 434 $ 1,367
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures:	Reconciliations of Capital expenditures: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total capital expenditures from reportable segments $ 196 $ 459 $ — $ 655 Items not included in segment capital expenditures: All Other operating segment 22 — — 22 Cost centers 29 — — 29 Timing (5 ) — — (5 ) Other (47 ) 26 (2 ) (23 ) Total capital expenditures $ 195 $ 485 $ (2 ) $ 678 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total capital expenditures from reportable segments $ 241 $ 533 $ — $ 774 Items not included in segment capital expenditures: All Other operating segment 27 — — 27 Cost centers 26 — — 26 Timing (18 ) — — (18 ) Other (45 ) 43 (36 ) (38 ) Total capital expenditures $ 231 $ 576 $ (36 ) $ 771 Reconciliations of Capital expenditures: (Millions of dollars) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Financial Products Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Total capital expenditures from reportable segments $ 345 $ 705 $ — $ 1,050 Items not included in segment capital expenditures: All Other operating segment 35 — — 35 Cost centers 49 — — 49 Timing 129 — — 129 Other (66 ) 31 (3 ) (38 ) Total capital expenditures $ 492 $ 736 $ (3 ) $ 1,225 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Total capital expenditures from reportable segments $ 468 $ 894 $ — $ 1,362 Items not included in segment capital expenditures: All Other operating segment 38 — — 38 Cost centers 40 — — 40 Timing 157 — — 157 Other (149 ) 120 (40 ) (69 ) Total capital expenditures $ 554 $ 1,014 $ (40 ) $ 1,528
Sales and revenues by geographic region	For the three and six months ending June 30, 2019 and 2018 , Energy & Transportation segment sales by end user application were as follows: Energy & Transportation External Sales Three Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 2018 Oil and gas $ 1,305 $ 1,467 Power generation 1,021 992 Industrial 957 969 Transportation 1,241 1,286 Energy & Transportation External Sales $ 4,524 $ 4,714 Six Months Ended June 30 2019 2018 Oil and gas $ 2,436 $ 2,682 Power generation 2,057 1,961 Industrial 1,861 1,875 Transportation 2,403 2,472 Energy & Transportation External Sales $ 8,757 $ 8,990 For the three and six months ending June 30, 2019 and 2018 , sales and revenues by geographic region reconciled to consolidated sales and revenues were as follows: Sales and Revenues by Geographic Region (Millions of dollars) North America Latin America EAME Asia/ Pacific External Sales and Revenues Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Construction Industries $ 3,513 $ 392 $ 1,108 $ 1,433 $ 6,446 Resource Industries 1,058 448 446 759 2,711 Energy & Transportation 2,297 325 1,160 742 4,524 All Other operating segment 14 1 4 15 34 Corporate Items and Eliminations (39 ) (2 ) (5 ) 2 (44 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Sales 6,843 1,164 2,713 2,951 13,671 Financial Products Segment 563 76 102 132 873 1 Corporate Items and Eliminations (72 ) (11 ) (9 ) (20 ) (112 ) Financial Products Revenues 491 65 93 112 761 Consolidated Sales and Revenues $ 7,334 $ 1,229 $ 2,806 $ 3,063 $ 14,432 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Construction Industries $ 2,739 $ 392 $ 1,171 $ 1,835 $ 6,137 Resource Industries 804 394 569 664 2,431 Energy & Transportation 2,582 287 1,153 692 4,714 All Other operating segment 17 1 4 19 41 Corporate Items and Eliminations (40 ) (3 ) — (1 ) (44 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Sales 6,102 1,071 2,897 3,209 13,279 Financial Products Segment 537 71 101 120 829 1 Corporate Items and Eliminations (57 ) (11 ) (7 ) (22 ) (97 ) Financial Products Revenues 480 60 94 98 732 Consolidated Sales and Revenues $ 6,582 $ 1,131 $ 2,991 $ 3,307 $ 14,011 1 Includes revenues from Machinery, Energy & Transportation of $136 million and $118 million in the second quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Sales and Revenues by Geographic Region (Millions of dollars) North America Latin America EAME Asia/ Pacific External Sales and Revenues Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Construction Industries $ 6,478 $ 711 $ 2,114 $ 2,995 $ 12,298 Resource Industries 2,009 871 914 1,564 5,358 Energy & Transportation 4,448 657 2,192 1,460 8,757 All Other operating segment 22 1 15 33 71 Corporate Items and Eliminations (80 ) (1 ) (8 ) — (89 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Sales 12,877 2,239 5,227 6,052 26,395 Financial Products Segment 1,121 146 204 252 1,723 1 Corporate Items and Eliminations (141 ) (22 ) (18 ) (39 ) (220 ) Financial Products Revenues 980 124 186 213 1,503 Consolidated Sales and Revenues $ 13,857 $ 2,363 $ 5,413 $ 6,265 $ 27,898 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Construction Industries $ 5,359 $ 736 $ 2,238 $ 3,463 $ 11,796 Resource Industries 1,602 754 1,089 1,194 4,639 Energy & Transportation 4,807 567 2,245 1,371 8,990 All Other operating segment 32 1 8 37 78 Corporate Items and Eliminations (68 ) (2 ) (3 ) (1 ) (74 ) Machinery, Energy & Transportation Sales 11,732 2,056 5,577 6,064 25,429 Financial Products Segment 1,049 145 202 226 1,622 1 Corporate Items and Eliminations (106 ) (24 ) (12 ) (39 ) (181 ) Financial Products Revenues 943 121 190 187 1,441 Consolidated Sales and Revenues $ 12,675 $ 2,177 $ 5,767 $ 6,251 $ 26,870 1 Includes revenues from Machinery, Energy & Transportation of $267 million and $223 million in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Cat Financial Financing Activ_2

Cat Financial Financing Activities (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]
Allowance for credit losses	An analysis of the allowance for credit losses was as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 Allowance for Credit Losses: Customer Dealer Total Balance at beginning of year $ 486 $ 21 $ 507 Receivables written off (125 ) — (125 ) Recoveries on receivables previously written off 21 — 21 Provision for credit losses 99 24 123 Other (8 ) — (8 ) Balance at end of period $ 473 $ 45 $ 518 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 266 $ 39 $ 305 Collectively evaluated for impairment 207 6 213 Ending Balance $ 473 $ 45 $ 518 Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 789 $ 78 $ 867 Collectively evaluated for impairment 18,095 3,539 21,634 Ending Balance $ 18,884 $ 3,617 $ 22,501 (Millions of dollars) December 31, 2018 Allowance for Credit Losses: Customer Dealer Total Balance at beginning of year $ 353 $ 9 $ 362 Receivables written off (235 ) — (235 ) Recoveries on receivables previously written off 46 — 46 Provision for credit losses 337 12 349 Other (15 ) — (15 ) Balance at end of year $ 486 $ 21 $ 507 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 288 $ 14 $ 302 Collectively evaluated for impairment 198 7 205 Ending Balance $ 486 $ 21 $ 507 Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 858 $ 78 $ 936 Collectively evaluated for impairment 18,152 3,338 21,490 Ending Balance $ 19,010 $ 3,416 $ 22,426
Aging related to finance receivables	The tables below summarize the recorded investment in finance receivables by aging category. June 30, 2019 (Millions of dollars) 31-60 Days Past Due 61-90 Days Past Due 91+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 91+ Still Accruing Customer North America $ 90 $ 17 $ 44 $ 151 $ 7,805 $ 7,956 $ 12 EAME 29 13 167 209 2,885 3,094 7 Asia Pacific 37 15 25 77 2,511 2,588 12 Mining 3 13 19 35 1,814 1,849 — Latin America 44 17 85 146 1,352 1,498 — Caterpillar Power Finance 7 13 296 316 1,583 1,899 — Dealer North America — — — — 2,108 2,108 — EAME — — — — 330 330 — Asia Pacific — — — — 461 461 — Mining — — — — 4 4 — Latin America 1 1 79 81 632 713 1 Caterpillar Power Finance — — — — 1 1 — Total $ 211 $ 89 $ 715 $ 1,015 $ 21,486 $ 22,501 $ 32 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) 31-60 Days Past Due 61-90 Days Past Due 91+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables 91+ Still Accruing Customer North America $ 65 $ 18 $ 84 $ 167 $ 7,825 $ 7,992 $ 14 EAME 19 9 153 181 2,850 3,031 5 Asia Pacific 24 9 8 41 2,409 2,450 5 Mining 28 1 9 38 1,642 1,680 — Latin America 38 29 71 138 1,421 1,559 — Caterpillar Power Finance 10 1 384 395 1,903 2,298 — Dealer North America — — — — 1,895 1,895 — EAME — — — — 333 333 — Asia Pacific — — — — 466 466 — Mining — — — — 4 4 — Latin America — — 78 78 638 716 — Caterpillar Power Finance — — — — 2 2 — Total $ 184 $ 67 $ 787 $ 1,038 $ 21,388 $ 22,426 $ 24
Impaired finance receivables	Cat Financial’s recorded investment in impaired finance receivables and the related unpaid principal balances and allowance for the Customer portfolio segment were as follows: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded North America $ 11 $ 11 $ — $ 10 $ 10 $ — EAME 1 1 — 1 1 — Asia Pacific — — — — — — Mining 26 26 — 33 33 — Latin America 21 21 — 29 29 — Caterpillar Power Finance 52 52 — 69 83 — Total $ 111 $ 111 $ — $ 142 $ 156 $ — Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded North America $ 28 $ 28 $ 10 $ 40 $ 41 $ 14 EAME 101 101 56 92 92 57 Asia Pacific 10 10 3 4 4 2 Mining 63 62 20 56 55 26 Latin America 70 69 26 75 75 25 Caterpillar Power Finance 406 420 151 449 455 164 Total $ 678 $ 690 $ 266 $ 716 $ 722 $ 288 Total Impaired Finance Receivables North America $ 39 $ 39 $ 10 $ 50 $ 51 $ 14 EAME 102 102 56 93 93 57 Asia Pacific 10 10 3 4 4 2 Mining 89 88 20 89 88 26 Latin America 91 90 26 104 104 25 Caterpillar Power Finance 458 472 151 518 538 164 Total $ 789 $ 801 $ 266 $ 858 $ 878 $ 288 Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded North America $ 10 $ — $ 18 $ 1 EAME 1 — 7 — Asia Pacific — — 28 — Mining 29 1 45 1 Latin America 20 1 43 — Caterpillar Power Finance 41 — 189 1 Total $ 101 $ 2 $ 330 $ 3 Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded North America $ 35 $ — $ 56 $ — EAME 94 — 48 1 Asia Pacific 9 — 5 — Mining 39 — 64 1 Latin America 74 2 65 1 Caterpillar Power Finance 443 4 356 3 Total $ 694 $ 6 $ 594 $ 6 Total Impaired Finance Receivables North America $ 45 $ — $ 74 $ 1 EAME 95 — 55 1 Asia Pacific 9 — 33 — Mining 68 1 109 2 Latin America 94 3 108 1 Caterpillar Power Finance 484 4 545 4 Total $ 795 $ 8 $ 924 $ 9 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded Customer North America $ 10 $ — $ 18 $ 1 EAME 1 — 23 — Asia Pacific — — 30 1 Mining 30 1 78 2 Latin America 23 1 44 1 Caterpillar Power Finance 51 1 178 3 Total $ 115 $ 3 $ 371 $ 8 Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded Customer North America $ 37 $ 1 $ 53 $ 1 EAME 94 1 32 1 Asia Pacific 8 — 5 — Mining 42 1 36 1 Latin America 75 3 76 2 Caterpillar Power Finance 446 7 355 4 Total $ 702 $ 13 $ 557 $ 9 Total Impaired Finance Receivables Customer North America $ 47 $ 1 $ 71 $ 2 EAME 95 1 55 1 Asia Pacific 8 — 35 1 Mining 72 2 114 3 Latin America 98 4 120 3 Caterpillar Power Finance 497 8 533 7 Total $ 817 $ 16 $ 928 $ 17
Investment in finance receivables on non-accrual status	The recorded investment in customer finance receivables on non-accrual status was as follows: (Millions of dollars) June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 North America $ 37 $ 77 EAME 165 154 Asia Pacific 13 4 Mining 20 50 Latin America 98 106 Caterpillar Power Finance 447 416 Total $ 780 $ 807
Finance receivables modified as TDRs	Cat Financial's investment in finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment modified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Number of Contracts Pre-TDR Recorded Investment Post-TDR Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-TDR Recorded Investment Post-TDR Recorded Investment North America 8 $ 5 $ 4 17 $ 7 $ 7 EAME 2 10 10 — — — Mining 1 6 6 — — — Latin America 4 2 2 — — — Caterpillar Power Finance 7 47 47 2 50 17 Total 22 $ 70 $ 69 19 $ 57 $ 24 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Number of Contracts Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment North America 8 $ 5 $ 4 30 $ 13 $ 13 EAME 21 21 17 — — — Mining 1 6 6 1 29 29 Latin America 4 2 2 1 3 3 Caterpillar Power Finance 15 98 97 5 53 20 Total 49 $ 132 $ 126 37 $ 98 $ 65

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis at fair value	Assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis at fair value, primarily related to Financial Products, included in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized below: June 30, 2019 (Millions of dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Measured at NAV Total Assets / Liabilities, at Fair Value Assets Debt securities Government debt U.S. treasury bonds $ 9 $ — $ — $ — $ 9 Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds — 47 — — 47 Corporate bonds Corporate bonds — 819 — — 819 Asset-backed securities — 56 — — 56 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency — 305 — — 305 Residential — 7 — — 7 Commercial — 37 — — 37 Total debt securities 9 1,271 — — 1,280 Equity securities Large capitalization value 307 — — — 307 Smaller company growth 56 — — — 56 REIT — — — 122 122 Total equity securities 363 — — 122 485 Total assets $ 372 $ 1,271 $ — $ 122 $ 1,765 Liabilities Derivative financial instruments, net — 19 — — 19 Total liabilities $ — $ 19 $ — $ — $ 19 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Measured at NAV Total Assets / Liabilities, at Fair Value Assets Debt securities Government debt U.S. treasury bonds $ 9 $ — $ — $ — $ 9 Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds — 42 — — 42 Corporate bonds Corporate bonds — 720 — — 720 Asset-backed securities — 63 — — 63 Mortgage-backed debt securities U.S. governmental agency — 297 — — 297 Residential — 7 — — 7 Commercial — 13 — — 13 Total debt securities 9 1,142 — — 1,151 Equity securities Large capitalization value 260 — — — 260 Smaller company growth 46 — — — 46 REIT — — — 119 119 Total equity securities 306 — — 119 425 Total assets $ 315 $ 1,142 $ — $ 119 $ 1,576 Liabilities Derivative financial instruments, net $ — $ 19 $ — $ — $ 19 Total liabilities $ — $ 19 $ — $ — $ 19
Fair values of financial instruments	Please refer to the table below for the fair values of our financial instruments. Fair Value of Financial Instruments June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Millions of dollars) Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value Fair Value Levels Reference Assets Cash and short-term investments $ 7,429 $ 7,429 $ 7,857 $ 7,857 1 Restricted cash and short-term investments $ 30 $ 30 $ 33 $ 33 1 Investments in debt and equity securities $ 1,765 $ 1,765 $ 1,576 $ 1,576 1 & 2 Note 8 Finance receivables – net (excluding finance leases 1 ) $ 14,526 $ 14,750 $ 14,714 $ 14,798 3 Note 17 Wholesale inventory receivables – net (excluding finance leases 1 ) $ 1,172 $ 1,151 $ 1,050 $ 1,025 3 Foreign currency contracts – net $ 51 $ 51 $ 47 $ 47 2 Note 5 Liabilities Short-term borrowings $ 5,266 $ 5,266 $ 5,723 $ 5,723 1 Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year) Machinery, Energy & Transportation $ 7,670 $ 9,469 $ 8,015 $ 9,046 2 Financial Products $ 23,342 $ 23,596 $ 22,815 $ 22,684 2 Interest rate contracts – net $ 65 $ 65 $ 36 $ 36 2 Note 5 Commodity contracts – net $ 5 $ 5 $ 30 $ 30 2 Note 5 Guarantees $ 6 $ 6 $ 8 $ 8 3 Note 11 1 Represents finance leases and failed sales leasebacks of $7,758 million at June 30, 2019 and finance leases of $7,463 million at December 31, 2018 , respectively.

Other income (expense) (Tables)

Other income (expense) (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Other income (expense)	Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions of dollars) 2019 2018 2019 2018 Investment and interest income $ 54 $ 45 $ 106 $ 81 Foreign exchange gains (losses) 1 (47 ) (60 ) (29 ) (79 ) License fee income 31 36 56 67 Net periodic pension and OPEB income (cost), excluding service cost 24 86 50 172 Gains (losses) on securities 14 7 53 4 Miscellaneous income (loss) (8 ) 7 (8 ) 3 Total $ 68 $ 121 $ 228 $ 248 1 Includes gains (losses) from foreign exchange derivative contracts. See Note 5 for further details.

Restructuring Costs (Tables)

Restructuring Costs (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Restructuring Charges [Abstract]
Restructuring and related costs	Restructuring costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Three Months Ended June 30 2019 2018 Employee separations 1 $ 10 $ 45 Long-lived asset impairments 1 29 30 Other 2 71 39 Total restructuring costs $ 110 $ 114 Six Months Ended June 30 2019 2018 Employee separations 1 $ 25 $ 78 Long-lived asset impairments 1 36 30 Other 2 97 75 Total restructuring costs $ 158 $ 183 1 Recognized in Other operating (income) expenses. 2 Represents costs related to our restructuring programs, primarily for inventory write-downs, project management costs, accelerated depreciation, equipment relocation and building demolition, all of which are primarily included in Cost of goods sold.
Summary of separation activity	The following table summarizes the 2018 and 2019 employee separation activity: (Millions of dollars) Liability balance at December 31, 2017 $ 249 Increase in liability (separation charges) 112 Reduction in liability (payments) (276 ) Liability balance at December 31, 2018 85 Increase in liability (separation charges) 25 Reduction in liability (payments) (60 ) Liability balance at June 30, 2019 $ 50

Nature of Operations, Basis o_2

Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Change in Accounting Principle (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Variable Interest Entity
Variable Interest Entity Maximum Exposure
Maximum exposure to loss from VIEs for which we are not the primary beneficiary	$ 148	$ 131

New Accounting Guidance (Detail

New Accounting Guidance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 1,818	$ 1,748	$ 1,765
Property, plant and equipment - net	13,172	13,548	13,574
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes	1,473	1,362	1,439
Other assets	3,194	3,045	2,332
Accrued expenses	3,789	3,546	3,573
Other current liabilities	2,157	2,128	1,919
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	7,657	7,643	8,005
Other liabilities	4,362	4,294	3,756
Profit employed in the business	$ 32,981	30,662	$ 30,427
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02
New Accounting Pronouncements
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(17)
Property, plant and equipment - net		(26)
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes		(77)
Other assets		713
Accrued expenses		(27)
Other current liabilities		209
Machinery, Energy & Transportation		(362)
Other liabilities		538
Profit employed in the business		$ 235

Sales and revenue contract in_2

Sales and revenue contract information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Trade receivables from dealers and end users	$ 7,870	$ 7,870	$ 7,743
Long term trade receivables from dealers and end users	663	663	674
Long-term customer advances	434	434	$ 437
Revenue recognized from contract liability balance at beginning of period	368	875
Unsatisfied performance obligations with an original contract duration greater than one year	6,000	6,000
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2019-07-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Unsatisfied performance obligations with an original contract duration greater than one year	$ 2,400	$ 2,400

Stock-Based Compensation (Detai

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Stock-based compensation awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Long Service Separation Eligibility Required Minimum Age	55 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Long Service Separation Eligibility Minimum Term of Service	5 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate, Minimum			25.10%	21.50%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate, Maximum			38.70%	33.00%
Stock-based compensation expense, before tax (in dollars)	$ 68	$ 62	$ 113	$ 112
Assumptions used in determining the fair value of the stock-based awards
Weighted-average dividend yield (as a percent)			2.56%	2.70%
Weighted-average volatility (as a percent)			29.10%	30.20%
Risk-free interest rates, low end of range (as a percent)			2.48%	2.02%
Risk-free interest rates, high end of range (as a percent)			2.68%	2.87%
Weighted-average expected lives (in years)			7 years	8 years
Unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock-based compensation awards (in dollars)	$ 261		$ 261
Term of amortization of unrecognized compensation cost over weighted-average remaining requisite service periods (in years)			1 year 9 months 18 days
Stock Options
Stock-based compensation awards
Shares Granted (in shares)			1,499,524	1,566,788
Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share (in dollars per share)			$ 40.98	$ 46.18
Weighted-Average Grant Date Stock Price (in dollars per share)	$ 138.35	$ 151.12	138.35	151.12
RSUs
Stock-based compensation awards
Weighted-Average Grant Date Stock Price (in dollars per share)	138.35	151.16	$ 138.35	$ 151.16
Shares Granted (in shares)			657,389	683,339
Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share (in dollars per share)			$ 138.35	$ 151.16
PRSUs
Stock-based compensation awards
Weighted-Average Grant Date Stock Price (in dollars per share)	$ 138.35	$ 151.12	$ 138.35	$ 151.12
Shares Granted (in shares)			342,097	339,559
Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share (in dollars per share)			$ 138.35	$ 151.12

Derivative Financial Instrume_4

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Foreign currency cash flow hedges, maximum allowable period (in years)	5 years
Foreign currency cash flow hedges, maximum period (in months)	51 years
Deferred net gains, foreign currency exchange rate risk, to be reclassified from equity to current earnings over the next twelve months	$ 6
Derivative
Commodity forward and option contracts, maximum period (in years)	5 years

Derivative Financial instrume_5

Derivative Financial instruments and Risk Management- Asset (liability) fair value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	$ 119	$ 131
Liability Fair Value	(138)	(150)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	35	19
Liability Fair Value	(30)	(87)
Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	84	112
Liability Fair Value	(108)	(63)
Designated Derivatives
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset (Liability) Fair Value	(15)	24
Designated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	26	16
Designated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	47	53
Designated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Long-term receivables-trade and other | Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	15	35
Designated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Accrued Expenses | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivatives Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	(17)	(26)
Designated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Accrued Expenses | Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	(17)	(9)
Designated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Other Liabilities | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivatives Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	(4)	(9)
Designated Derivatives | Interest rate contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	0	1
Designated Derivatives | Interest rate contracts | Long-term receivables-trade and other | Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	6	3
Designated Derivatives | Interest rate contracts | Accrued Expenses | Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	(71)	(40)
Undesignated Derivatives
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset (Liability) Fair Value	(4)	(43)
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	5	2
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	11	15
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Long-term receivables-trade and other | Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	5	5
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Accrued Expenses | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivatives Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	0	(21)
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Accrued Expenses | Financial Products
Derivatives Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	(20)	(14)
Undesignated Derivatives | Commodity contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivatives Fair Value
Asset Fair Value	4	1
Undesignated Derivatives | Commodity contracts | Accrued Expenses | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivatives Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	(8)	(31)
Undesignated Derivatives | Commodity contracts | Other Liabilities | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivatives Fair Value
Liability Fair Value	$ (1)	$ 0

Derivative Financial instrume_6

Derivative Financial instruments and Risk Management- Notional amounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivative
Derivative instruments notional amount	$ 2,110	$ 1,834
Financial Products
Derivative
Derivative instruments notional amount	$ 8,736	$ 10,210

Derivative Financial instrume_7

Derivative Financial instruments and Risk Management- Effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	$ 14,432	$ 14,011	$ 27,898	$ 26,870
Interest Expense Excluding Financial Products	103	102	206	203
Other income (expense)	68	121	228	248
Cost of Revenue	9,941	9,422	18,944	17,988
Interest expense of Financial Products	192	182	382	348
Financial Products
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	761	732	1,503	1,441
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gains (losses) recognized in AOCI	(20)	49	(7)	55
Amount of gain (losses) reclassified from AOCI	2	126	13	102
Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		0
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign exchange contracts | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gains (losses) recognized in AOCI	4	(79)	21	(40)
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign exchange contracts | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Sales
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (losses) reclassified from AOCI			1
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign exchange contracts | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Cost of Sales
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (losses) reclassified from AOCI	(1)		(4)
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign exchange contracts | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Other Nonoperating Income (Expense)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (losses) reclassified from AOCI		4		5
Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		0		0
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign exchange contracts | Financial Products
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gains (losses) recognized in AOCI	10	123	32	90
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign exchange contracts | Financial Products | Other Nonoperating Income (Expense)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (losses) reclassified from AOCI	(4)	119	2	90
Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		0
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign exchange contracts | Financial Products | Interest Expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (losses) reclassified from AOCI	7	5	14	8
Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		0		0
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Interest rate contracts | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gains (losses) recognized in AOCI		0	0
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Interest rate contracts | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Interest Expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (losses) reclassified from AOCI		(2)	(1)	(2)
Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		0		0
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Interest rate contracts | Financial Products
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gains (losses) recognized in AOCI	(34)	5	(60)
Designated Derivatives | Cash Flow Hedges | Interest rate contracts | Financial Products | Interest Expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (losses) reclassified from AOCI	0	0	1	1
Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		0		0
Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	$ 13,671	$ 13,279	$ 26,395	$ 25,429

Derivative Financial Instrume_8

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management- Effect of Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (Details) - Undesignated Derivatives - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Derivative
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	$ (10)	$ (22)	$ (10)	$ (22)
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) | Financial Products | Foreign exchange contracts
Derivative
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	(10)	23	(39)	16
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Foreign exchange contracts
Derivative
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	7	(54)	13	(38)
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Commodity contracts
Derivative
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	$ (7)	$ 9	$ 16	$ 0

Derivative Financial instrume_9

Derivative Financial instruments and Risk Management-Effect of net settlement provisions upon default or termination- Offsetting assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Offsetting Assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	$ 119	$ 131
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	119	131
Financial Instruments	(39)	(53)
Cash Collateral Received	0	0
Net Amount of Assets	80	78
Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Offsetting Assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	35	19
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	35	19
Financial Instruments	(20)	(19)
Cash Collateral Received	0	0
Net Amount of Assets	15	0
Financial Products
Offsetting Assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	84	112
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	84	112
Financial Instruments	(19)	(34)
Cash Collateral Received	0	0
Net Amount of Assets	$ 65	$ 78

Derivative Financial instrum_10

Derivative Financial instruments and Risk Management- Effect of net settlement provisions upon default or termination- Offsetting liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Offsetting Liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	$ (138)	$ (150)
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	(138)	(150)
Financial Instruments	39	53
Cash collateral pledged	0	0
Net Amount of Liabilities	(99)	(97)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Offsetting Liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	(30)	(87)
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	(30)	(87)
Financial Instruments	20	19
Cash collateral pledged	0	0
Net Amount of Liabilities	(10)	(68)
Financial Products
Offsetting Liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	(108)	(63)
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	(108)	(63)
Financial Instruments	19	34
Cash collateral pledged	0	0
Net Amount of Liabilities	$ (89)	$ (29)

Inventories (Details)

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 3,593	$ 3,382
Work-in-process	2,574	2,674
Finished goods	5,604	5,241
Supplies	236	232
Total inventories	$ 12,007	$ 11,529

Intangible Assets and Goodwil_2

Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Intangible assets
Weighted Amortizable Life (in years)			14 years		14 years
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross	$ 4,175		$ 4,175		$ 4,219
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	2,442		2,442		2,322
Net	1,733		1,733		$ 1,897
Amortization expense	81	$ 83	163	$ 166
Remaining six months of 2019	162		162
2020	311		311
2021	293		293
2022	274		274
2023	216		216
Thereafter	477		$ 477
Customer Relationships
Intangible assets
Weighted Amortizable Life (in years)			15 years		15 years
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross	2,460		$ 2,460		$ 2,463
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	1,330		1,330		1,249
Net	1,130		$ 1,130		$ 1,214
Intellectual Property
Intangible assets
Weighted Amortizable Life (in years)			12 years		11 years
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross	1,516		$ 1,516		$ 1,557
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	992		992		965
Net	524		$ 524		$ 592
Other
Intangible assets
Weighted Amortizable Life (in years)			12 years		13 years
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross	199		$ 199		$ 199
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	120		120		108
Net	$ 79		$ 79		$ 91

Intangible Assets and Goodwil_3

Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Changes in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment:
Goodwill, beginning of period	$ 7,414
Impairments, beginning of period	(1,197)
Net goodwill, beginning of period	6,217
Goodwill impairment charge	0	$ 0
Other adjustments	(6)
Goodwill, end of period	7,408
Impairments, end of period	(1,197)
Net goodwill, end of period	6,211
Goodwill	6,217
Construction Industries
Changes in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment:
Goodwill, beginning of period	304
Impairments, beginning of period	(22)
Net goodwill, beginning of period	282
Goodwill impairment charge	0
Other adjustments	4
Goodwill, end of period	308
Impairments, end of period	(22)
Net goodwill, end of period	286
Goodwill	282
Resource Industries
Changes in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment:
Goodwill, beginning of period	4,172
Impairments, beginning of period	(1,175)
Net goodwill, beginning of period	2,997
Goodwill impairment charge	0
Other adjustments	(7)
Goodwill, end of period	4,165
Impairments, end of period	(1,175)
Net goodwill, end of period	2,990
Goodwill	2,997
Energy & Transportation
Changes in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment:
Goodwill, beginning of period	2,882
Other adjustments	(4)
Goodwill, end of period	2,878
All Other
Changes in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment:
Goodwill, beginning of period	56
Other adjustments	1
Goodwill, end of period	$ 57

Investments in Debt and Equit_3

Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	$ 1,262	$ 1,171
Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses)	18	(20)
Fair value	1,280	1,151
U.S. treasury bonds
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	9	9
Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses)	0	0
Fair value	9	9
Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	47	42
Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses)	0	0
Fair value	47	42
Corporate bonds
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	805	735
Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses)	14	(15)
Fair value	819	720
Asset-backed securities
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	56	63
Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses)	0	0
Fair value	56	63
U.S. governmental agency mortgage-backed securities
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	302	301
Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses)	3	(4)
Fair value	305	297
Residential
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	7	7
Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses)	0	0
Fair value	7	7
Commercial
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	36	14
Unrealized Pretax Net Gains (Losses)	1	(1)
Fair value	$ 37	$ 13

Investments in Debt and Equit_4

Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Less than 12 months
Fair Value	$ 42	$ 338
Unrealized Losses	0	3
12 months or more
Fair Value	191	666
Unrealized Losses	2	18
Total
Fair Value	233	1,004
Unrealized Losses	2	21
Corporate bonds
Less than 12 months
Fair Value	33	280
Unrealized Losses	0	3
12 months or more
Fair Value	134	391
Unrealized Losses	1	11
Total
Fair Value	167	671
Unrealized Losses	1	14
Asset-backed securities
Less than 12 months
Fair Value		6
Unrealized Losses		0
12 months or more
Fair Value		38
Unrealized Losses		1
Total
Fair Value		44
Unrealized Losses		1
U.S. governmental agency mortgage-backed securities
Less than 12 months
Fair Value	9	52
Unrealized Losses	0	0
12 months or more
Fair Value	57	223
Unrealized Losses	1	5
Total
Fair Value	66	275
Unrealized Losses	$ 1	5
Commercial
Less than 12 months
Fair Value		0
Unrealized Losses		0
12 months or more
Fair Value		14
Unrealized Losses		1
Total
Fair Value		14
Unrealized Losses		$ 1

Investments in Debt and Equit_5

Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Due in one year or less, Cost Basis	$ 100		$ 100
Due after one year through five years, Cost Basis	664		664
Due after five through ten years, Cost Basis	134		134
Due after ten years, Cost Basis	19		19
Due in one year or less, Fair Value	99		99
Due after one year through five years, Fair Value	674		674
Due after five years through ten years, Fair Value	138		138
Due after ten years, Fair Value	20		20
Cost Basis	1,262		1,262
Fair Value	1,280		1,280
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	1,262		1,262		$ 1,171
Available-for-sale securities, fair value	1,280		1,280		1,151
Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities	14	$ 4	53	$ 4
Available-for-sale Securities, Proceeds, Gains and Losses
Proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale securities	97	67	144	140
Gross gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities	1	0	1	0
Gross losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities	0	$ 0	1	$ 0
U.S. governmental agency mortgage-backed securities
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	302		302		301
Available-for-sale securities, fair value	305		305		297
Residential
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	7		7		7
Available-for-sale securities, fair value	7		7		7
Commercial
Schedule of Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
Cost Basis	36		36		14
Available-for-sale securities, fair value	$ 37		$ 37		$ 13

Postretirement Benefits (Detail

Postretirement Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Pension and other postretirement benefit contributions
Contributions to pension and other postretirement benefit plans	$ 79		$ 198
Expected full year contributions to pension and other postretirement benefit plans during the year	330		330
UNITED STATES
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	28	$ 31	57	$ 63
Interest cost	150	134	300	267
Expected return on plan assets	(179)	(203)	(360)	(405)
Amortization of prior service cost / (credit)	0	0	0	0
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	(1)	(38)	(3)	(75)
Foreign Plan
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	20	23	41	45
Interest cost	24	24	47	49
Expected return on plan assets	(38)	(56)	(75)	(112)
Amortization of prior service cost / (credit)	0	0	0	0
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	6	(9)	13	(18)
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	21	21	41	42
Interest cost	34	31	68	62
Expected return on plan assets	(5)	(8)	(10)	(16)
Amortization of prior service cost / (credit)	(10)	(8)	(20)	(17)
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	$ 40	$ 36	$ 79	$ 71

Postretirement Benefits (Deta_2

Postretirement Benefits (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Defined contribution plans
Costs related to defined contribution plans	$ 114	$ 98	$ 272	$ 193
U.S. Plans
Defined contribution plans
Costs related to defined contribution plans	93	77	230	150
Non-U.S. Plans
Defined contribution plans
Costs related to defined contribution plans	$ 21	$ 21	$ 42	$ 43

Leases Lessee arrangements - Le

Leases Lessee arrangements - Lease costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Lease, Cost
Operating Lease, Cost	$ 54	$ 118
Short-term Lease, Cost	$ 20	$ 32

Leases Lessee arrangements - Su

Leases Lessee arrangements - Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019
Operating leases in supplement balance sheet
Operating lease weighted average remaining lease term	7 years	7 years
Operating lease weighted average discount rate	2.00%	2.00%
Other Assets
Operating leases in supplement balance sheet
Other assets	$ 656	$ 713
Other Current Liabilities
Operating leases in supplement balance sheet
Other current liabilities	187	209
Other Liabilities
Operating leases in supplement balance sheet
Other liabilities	$ 480	$ 511

Leases Lessee arrangements - Ma

Leases Lessee arrangements - Maturity of lease liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity
Remaining six months of 2019	$ 102
2020	164
2021	122
2022	76
2023	58
Thereafter	196
Total lease payments	718
Less: Imputed interest	(51)
Total	$ 667
2019		$ 205
2020		154
2021		111
2022		67
2023		50
Thereafter		185
Total		$ 772

Leases Lessee arrangements - _2

Leases Lessee arrangements - Supplemental cash flow information related to leases (Details) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)
Supplemental cash flow info related to leases
Operating cashflows from operating leases	$ 114
Right-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease Liability	$ 68

Leases Lessor arrangements- Con

Leases Lessor arrangements- Contractual maturities of finance lease receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Finance lease receivable disclosure
Remaining six months of 2019	$ 1,847
2019		$ 3,051
2020	2,625	2,074
2021	1,556	1,103
2022	721	469
2023	304	172
Thereafter	146	59
Total amount	7,199	6,928
Guarantee residual value	444	458
Unguaranteed residual value	837	857
Less: unearned income	(717)	(644)
Total	7,763	7,599
Wholesale Leases
Finance lease receivable disclosure
Remaining six months of 2019	41
2019		70
2020	63	48
2021	46	30
2022	30	16
2023	19	6
Thereafter	30	3
Total amount	229	173
Guarantee residual value	57	66
Unguaranteed residual value	34	35
Less: unearned income	(40)	(16)
Total	280	258
Retail Leases
Finance lease receivable disclosure
Remaining six months of 2019	1,806
2019		2,981
2020	2,562	2,026
2021	1,510	1,073
2022	691	453
2023	285	166
Thereafter	116	56
Total amount	6,970	6,755
Guarantee residual value	387	392
Unguaranteed residual value	803	822
Less: unearned income	(677)	(628)
Total	$ 7,483	$ 7,341

Leases Lessor arrangements- Equ

Leases Lessor arrangements- Equipment leased to others (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Equipment on operating leases
Property, plant and equipment - net	$ 13,172		$ 13,172		$ 13,548	$ 13,574
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Receivable
Cost of Revenue	9,941	$ 9,422	18,944	$ 17,988
Remaining Six Months of 2019	580		580
2019						896
2020	696		696
2020						574
2021	406		406
2021						314
2022	208		208
2022						158
2023	98		98
2023						71
Thereafter	100		100
Thereafter						69
Total	2,088		2,088
Total						2,082
Revenues from sales-type and operating leases
Finance lease revenue	135		254
Operating lease revenue	308		624
Total	443		878
Equipment on operating leases
Equipment on operating leases
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	6,520		6,520			6,015
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(2,054)		(2,054)			(1,744)
Property, plant and equipment - net	$ 4,466		$ 4,466			$ 4,271

Guarantees and Product Warran_3

Guarantees and Product Warranty (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Related liability	$ 6	$ 8
Guarantor Obligations
Guarantees, maximum potential amount of future payments	1,703	1,978
Special-Purpose Corporation assets in Consolidated Statement of Financial Position	1,368	1,149
Special-Purpose Corporation liabilities in Consolidated Statement of Financial Position	1,368	1,148
Caterpillar dealer performance guarantees
Guarantor Obligations
Guarantees, maximum potential amount of future payments	1,252	1,244
Customer loan guarantees
Guarantor Obligations
Guarantees, maximum potential amount of future payments	25	31
Supplier consortium performance guarantees
Guarantor Obligations
Guarantees, maximum potential amount of future payments	245	527
Third party logistics business lease guarantees
Guarantor Obligations
Guarantees, maximum potential amount of future payments	56	60
Other guarantees
Guarantor Obligations
Guarantees, maximum potential amount of future payments	$ 125	$ 116

Guarantees and Product Warran_4

Guarantees and Product Warranty (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual
Warranty liability, beginning balance	$ 1,391	$ 1,419
Reduction in liability (payments)	(425)	(783)
Increase in liability (new warranties)	490	755
Warranty liability, ending balance	$ 1,456	$ 1,391

Profit Per Share (Details)

Profit Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jul. 01, 2018
Accelerated Stock Repurchase Agreement [Line Items]
Common shares under SARs and stock options not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share (in shares)		2,970,234		1,478,726
Profit for the period (A) (in dollars)	[1]	$ 1,620		$ 1,707	$ 3,501	$ 3,372
Determination of shares (in millions)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (B) (in shares)		567,800,000		596,200,000	569,900,000	597,000,000
Shares issuable on exercise of stock awards, net of shares assumed to be purchased out of proceeds at average market price (in shares)		5,300,000		8,000,000	5,900,000	9,100,000
Average common shares outstanding for fully diluted computation (C) (in shares)	[2]	573,100,000		604,200,000	575,800,000	606,100,000
Profit (loss) per share of common stock:
Assuming no dilution (A/B) (in dollars per share)		$ 2.85		$ 2.86	$ 6.14	$ 5.65
Assuming full dilution (A/C) (in dollars per share)	[2]	$ 2.83		$ 2.82	$ 6.08	$ 5.56
Shares outstanding as of June 30 (in millions)		562,600,000		594,300,000	562,600,000	594,300,000
Common stock repurchase
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount							$ 10,000
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount		$ 8,000			$ 8,000
Common shares repurchased (in shares)		9,757,126	5,700,000	4,881,793	15,456,651	8,029,422
Payments for repurchase of common stock		$ 1,300	$ 751		$ 2,105	$ 1,250
[1]	Profit attributable to common shareholders.
[2]	Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards using the treasury stock method.

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_3

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Adjustment to adopt recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities guidance									$ (11)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), start of period	$ (1,499)	$ (1,496)	$ (1,499)	$ (1,496)			$ (1,684)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications				(202)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss				(91)
Other comprehensive income (loss)				(293)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period	(1,499)	(1,496)	(1,499)	(1,496)
Foreign currency translation
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Adjustment to adopt recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities guidance									0
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), start of period	(1,426)	(1,432)	(1,426)	(1,432)	$ (1,525)	$ (1,503)	(1,601)	$ (1,021)	(1,205)	$ (1,205)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	99	(411)	77	(228)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss	0	0	0	1
Other comprehensive income (loss)	99	(411)	77	(227)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period	(1,426)	(1,432)	(1,426)	(1,432)
Pension and other postretirement benefits
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Adjustment to adopt recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities guidance									0
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), start of period	17	30	17	30	24	31	12	37	46	46
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	0	0	0	(2)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss	(7)	(7)	(14)	(14)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(7)	(7)	(14)	(16)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period	17	30	17	30
Derivative financial instruments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Adjustment to adopt recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities guidance									0
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), start of period	(105)	(78)	(105)	(78)	(88)	(89)	(80)	(18)	(41)	(41)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(16)	36	(6)	41
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss	(1)	(96)	(10)	(78)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(17)	(60)	(16)	(37)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period	(105)	(78)	(105)	(78)
Available-for-sale securities
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Adjustment to adopt recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities guidance									(11)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), start of period	15	(16)	15	(16)	1	(15)	(15)	(14)	(3)	8
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	15	(2)	30	(13)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss	(1)	0	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss)	14	(2)	30	(13)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period	15	(16)	15	(16)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), start of period	(1,499)	(1,496)	(1,499)	(1,496)	$ (1,588)	(1,576)	$ (1,684)	$ (1,016)	$ (1,203)	$ (1,192)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	98	(377)	101
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss	(9)	(103)	(24)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	89	(480)	77
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period	$ (1,499)	$ (1,496)	$ (1,499)	$ (1,496)
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity or Net Assets						108
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member] | Foreign currency translation
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity or Net Assets						98
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member] | Pension and other postretirement benefits
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity or Net Assets						19
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member] | Derivative financial instruments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity or Net Assets						(9)
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member] | Available-for-sale securities
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity or Net Assets						$ 0

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_4

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other income (expense)		$ 68	$ 121	$ 228	$ 248
Interest Expense Excluding Financial Products		(103)	(102)	(206)	(203)
Tax (provision) benefit		(565)	(490)	(952)	(962)
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation		14,432	14,011	27,898	26,870
Cost of Revenue		9,941	9,422	18,944	17,988
Interest expense of Financial Products		192	182	382	348
Reclassifications before tax		2,178	2,186	4,442	4,320
Reclassifications net of tax	[1]	1,620	1,707	3,501	3,372
Financial Products
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation		761	732	1,503	1,441
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Reclassifications net of tax		9	103	24	91
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Foreign currency translation
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other income (expense)				0	(1)
Reclassifications net of tax				0	(1)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Pension and other postretirement benefits
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)		10	8	20	17
Tax (provision) benefit		(3)	(1)	(6)	(3)
Reclassifications net of tax		7	7	14	14
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Derivative financial instruments
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Tax (provision) benefit		(1)	(30)	(3)	(24)
Reclassifications before tax		2	126	13	102
Reclassifications net of tax		1	96	10	78
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Derivative financial instruments | Foreign exchange contracts | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation				1	0
Cost of Revenue		(1)	0	(4)	0
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Derivative financial instruments | Foreign exchange contracts | Financial Products
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other income (expense)		(4)	123	2	95
Interest expense of Financial Products		7	5	(14)	(8)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Derivative financial instruments | Interest rate contracts | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Interest Expense Excluding Financial Products		0	(2)	(1)	(2)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Derivative financial instruments | Interest rate contracts | Financial Products
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Interest expense of Financial Products				$ (1)	$ (1)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Available-for-sale securities
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other income (expense)		1	0
Reclassifications net of tax		$ 1	$ 0
[1]	Profit attributable to common shareholders.

Environmental and legal matte_2

Environmental and legal matters Environmental and legal matters (Details)	Jul. 08, 2019	Mar. 03, 2017	Mar. 20, 2014
Loss Contingencies
Number of facilities served search and seizure warrants		3
Companies
Loss Contingencies
Number of Defendants			18
Individuals
Loss Contingencies
Number of Defendants			100
Subsidiaries
Loss Contingencies
Number of Defendants			2
Number of defendants, current employees
Loss Contingencies
Number of Defendants			1
Number of defendants, former employees
Loss Contingencies
Number of Defendants			2
Subsequent Event | Number of defendants found liable, current employee
Loss Contingencies
Number of Defendants	1
Subsequent Event | Number of defendants found liable, former employee
Loss Contingencies
Number of Defendants	2

Income Taxes (Details)

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Estimated annual effective tax rate (as a percent)	26.00%	24.00%
Tax benefit arising from calculation of the mandatory deemed repatriation of non-U.S. earnings	$ 178
Tax benefit for settlement of stock-based compensation awards	26	$ 49
Valuation allowance increase (decrease)		$ 25
Tax Year Prior Years
Income Tax Contingency
Income tax examination, proposed liability increase/(decrease)	$ 2,300

Segment Information (Details)

Segment Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)group_presidentssegmentsdealers	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information
Number of group presidents | group_presidents			4
Number of operating segments | segments			5
Useful life to amortize goodwill for segment assets			20 years
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	$ 14,432	$ 14,011	$ 27,898	$ 26,870
Depreciation and amortization	647	686	1,288	1,367
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,178	2,186	4,442	4,320
Segment assets	79,187		79,187		$ 78,509
Capital expenditures	678	771	1,225	1,528
Revenue from Related Parties	136	118	$ 267	223
All Other operating segments
Segment Reporting Information
Number of group presidents | group_presidents			1
Number of smaller operating segments led by Group President | group_presidents			1
Number of wholly-owned dealers involved in segment reallocation | dealers			1
Reportable Segments
Depreciation and amortization	53	58	$ 105	115
Consolidated profit before taxes	11	23	36	80
Segment assets	1,266		1,266		1,279
Capital expenditures	22	27	35	38
Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	15,626	15,251	$ 30,286	29,249
Reportable Segments
Segment Reporting Information
Number of operating segments led by Group Presidents | segments			3
Number of operating segments led by Group President responsible for corporate services | segments			1
Number of reportable segments | segments			4
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	14,554	14,111	$ 28,136	27,047
Depreciation and amortization	547	574	1,090	1,140
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,807	2,711	5,517	5,221
Segment assets	56,760		56,760		55,732
Capital expenditures	655	774	1,050	1,362
Intersegment sales and revenues
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	1,072	1,140	2,150	2,202
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	14,753	14,422	28,563	27,627
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	13,681	13,282	26,413	25,425
Depreciation and amortization	340	362	677	725
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,614	2,577	5,113	4,946
Segment assets	20,176		20,176		19,730
Capital expenditures	196	241	345	468
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Intersegment sales and revenues
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	1,072	1,140	2,150	2,202
Construction Industries | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	6,467	6,172	12,340	11,849
Construction Industries | Reportable Segments
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	6,446	6,137	12,298	11,796
Depreciation and amortization	81	90	161	179
Consolidated profit before taxes	1,247	1,154	2,332	2,271
Segment assets	5,004		5,004		4,902
Capital expenditures	41	62	69	104
Construction Industries | Intersegment sales and revenues
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	21	35	42	53
Resource Industries | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	2,800	2,526	5,527	4,835
Resource Industries | Reportable Segments
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	2,711	2,431	5,358	4,639
Depreciation and amortization	104	115	209	231
Consolidated profit before taxes	481	411	1,057	789
Segment assets	6,456		6,456		6,442
Capital expenditures	37	39	60	62
Resource Industries | Intersegment sales and revenues
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	89	95	169	196
Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	5,486	5,724	10,696	10,943
Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	4,524	4,714	8,757	8,990
Depreciation and amortization	155	157	307	315
Consolidated profit before taxes	886	1,012	1,724	1,886
Segment assets	8,716		8,716		8,386
Capital expenditures	118	140	216	302
Energy & Transportation | Intersegment sales and revenues
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	962	1,010	1,939	1,953
Financial Products Segment | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	873	829	1,723	1,622
Financial Products Segment | Reportable Segments
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	873	829	1,723	1,622
Depreciation and amortization	207	212	413	415
Consolidated profit before taxes	193	134	404	275
Segment assets	36,584		36,584		$ 36,002
Capital expenditures	459	533	705	894
Financial Products Segment | Intersegment sales and revenues
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Sales and revenues by geographi

Sales and revenues by geographic region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenue from Related Parties	$ 136	$ 118	$ 267	$ 223
Revenues by geographic region	14,432	14,011	27,898	26,870
Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	14,554	14,111	28,136	27,047
Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	1,072	1,140	2,150	2,202
Construction Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	6,446	6,137	12,298	11,796
Revenues by geographic region	6,446	6,137	12,298	11,796
Construction Industries | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	21	35	42	53
Resource Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	2,711	2,431	5,358	4,639
Revenues by geographic region	2,711	2,431	5,358	4,639
Resource Industries | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	89	95	169	196
Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	4,524	4,714	8,757	8,990
Revenues by geographic region	4,524	4,714	8,757	8,990
Energy & Transportation | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	962	1,010	1,939	1,953
All Other | All Other operating segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	34	41	71	78
Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	13,671	13,279	26,395	25,429
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	13,681	13,282	26,413	25,425
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	(44)	(44)	(89)	(74)
Revenues by geographic region	1,072	1,140	2,150	2,202
Financial Products
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	761	732	1,503	1,441
Financial Products | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	(112)	(97)	(220)	(181)
Financial Products Segment | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	873	829	1,723	1,622
Financial Products Segment | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	0	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	4,524	4,714	8,757	8,990
North America
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	7,334	6,582	13,857	12,675
North America | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	(39)	(40)	(80)	(68)
North America | Financial Products | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	(72)	(57)	(141)	(106)
North America | Operating Segments | Construction Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	3,513	2,739	6,478	5,359
North America | Operating Segments | Resource Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	1,058	804	2,009	1,602
North America | Operating Segments | Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	2,297	2,582	4,448	4,807
North America | Operating Segments | All Other | All Other operating segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	14	17	22	32
North America | Operating Segments | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	6,843	6,102	12,877	11,732
North America | Operating Segments | Financial Products
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	491	480	980	943
North America | Operating Segments | Financial Products Segment | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	563	537	1,121	1,049
Latin America
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	1,229	1,131	2,363	2,177
Latin America | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	(2)	(3)	(1)	(2)
Latin America | Financial Products | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	(11)	(11)	(22)	(24)
Latin America | Operating Segments | Construction Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	392	392	711	736
Latin America | Operating Segments | Resource Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	448	394	871	754
Latin America | Operating Segments | Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	325	287	657	567
Latin America | Operating Segments | All Other | All Other operating segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	1	1	1	1
Latin America | Operating Segments | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	1,164	1,071	2,239	2,056
Latin America | Operating Segments | Financial Products
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	65	60	124	121
Latin America | Operating Segments | Financial Products Segment | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	76	71	146	145
EAME
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	2,806	2,991	5,413	5,767
EAME | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	(5)	0	(8)	(3)
EAME | Financial Products | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	(9)	(7)	(18)	(12)
EAME | Operating Segments | Construction Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	1,108	1,171	2,114	2,238
EAME | Operating Segments | Resource Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	446	569	914	1,089
EAME | Operating Segments | Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	1,160	1,153	2,192	2,245
EAME | Operating Segments | All Other | All Other operating segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	4	4	15	8
EAME | Operating Segments | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	2,713	2,897	5,227	5,577
EAME | Operating Segments | Financial Products
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	93	94	186	190
EAME | Operating Segments | Financial Products Segment | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	102	101	204	202
Asia Pacific
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	3,063	3,307	6,265	6,251
Asia Pacific | Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	2	(1)	0	(1)
Asia Pacific | Financial Products | Corporate items and eliminations
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	(20)	(22)	(39)	(39)
Asia Pacific | Operating Segments | Construction Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	1,433	1,835	2,995	3,463
Asia Pacific | Operating Segments | Resource Industries | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	759	664	1,564	1,194
Asia Pacific | Operating Segments | Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	742	692	1,460	1,371
Asia Pacific | Operating Segments | All Other | All Other operating segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	15	19	33	37
Asia Pacific | Operating Segments | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	2,951	3,209	6,052	6,064
Asia Pacific | Operating Segments | Financial Products
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	112	98	213	187
Asia Pacific | Operating Segments | Financial Products Segment | Reportable Segments
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Revenues by geographic region	132	120	252	226
Oil and Gas | Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	1,305	1,467	2,436	2,682
Power generation | Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	1,021	992	2,057	1,961
Industrial | Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	957	969	1,861	1,875
Transportation | Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues by geographic region
Sales and revenues by geographic region	$ 1,241	$ 1,286	$ 2,403	$ 2,472

Reconciliations of consolidated

Reconciliations of consolidated profit before taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	$ 2,178	$ 2,186	$ 4,442	$ 4,320
Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,807	2,711	5,517	5,221
All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	11	23	36	80
Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	17	(1)	41	26
Corporate Costs
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(149)	(178)	(325)	(346)
Timing
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(58)	(66)	(124)	(150)
Restructuring Costs
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(103)	(114)	(142)	(183)
Inventory/cost of sales
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(8)	31	(1)	23
Postretirement Benefits Expense
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	2	82	(15)	169
Stock-Based Compensation Expense [Member]
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(68)	(62)	(113)	(112)
Financing Costs
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(51)	(69)	(115)	(147)
Currency
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(92)	(52)	(48)	(49)
Other Income Expense Methodology Differences
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(121)	(95)	(250)	(173)
Other
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(9)	(24)	(19)	(39)
Operating Segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,818	2,734	5,553	5,301
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,614	2,577	5,113	4,946
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,016	2,050	4,074	4,047
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,614	2,577	5,113	4,946
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	11	23	36	80
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	17	(1)	41	26
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Corporate Costs
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(148)	(178)	(319)	(346)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Timing
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(58)	(66)	(124)	(150)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Restructuring Costs
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(72)	(113)	(111)	(182)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Inventory/cost of sales
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(8)	31	(1)	23
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Postretirement Benefits Expense
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	2	82	(15)	169
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Stock-Based Compensation Expense [Member]
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(66)	(60)	(109)	(108)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Financing Costs
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(51)	(69)	(115)	(147)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Currency
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(92)	(52)	(48)	(49)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Other Income Expense Methodology Differences
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(121)	(95)	(250)	(173)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Other
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(12)	(29)	(24)	(42)
Financial Products | Operating Segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	162	136	368	273
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	193	134	404	275
Financial Products | Operating Segments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Corporate Costs
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(1)	0	(6)	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Timing
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Restructuring Costs
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(31)	(1)	(31)	(1)
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Inventory/cost of sales
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Postretirement Benefits Expense
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Stock-Based Compensation Expense [Member]
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	(2)	(2)	(4)	(4)
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Financing Costs
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Currency
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Other Income Expense Methodology Differences
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Other
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit (loss) before taxes
Consolidated profit before taxes	$ 3	$ 5	$ 5	$ 3

Reconciliation of restructuring

Reconciliation of restructuring costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	$ 2,178	$ 2,186	$ 4,442	$ 4,320
Restructuring costs	(110)	(114)	(158)	(183)
Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,807	2,711	5,517	5,221
Reportable Segments | Construction Industries
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	1,247	1,154	2,332	2,271
Reportable Segments | Resource Industries
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	481	411	1,057	789
Reportable Segments | Energy & Transportation
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	886	1,012	1,724	1,886
Reportable Segments | Financial Products Segment
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	193	134	404	275
All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	11	23	36	80
Operating Segments
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,818	2,734	5,553	5,301
Restructuring costs	(102)	(111)	(141)	(178)
Consolidated profit before taxes with restructuring costs	2,716	2,623	5,412	5,123
Operating Segments | Reportable Segments | Construction Industries
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	1,247	1,154	2,332	2,271
Restructuring costs	(45)	(29)	(54)	(43)
Consolidated profit before taxes with restructuring costs	1,202	1,125	2,278	2,228
Operating Segments | Reportable Segments | Resource Industries
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	481	411	1,057	789
Restructuring costs	(15)	(52)	(29)	(96)
Consolidated profit before taxes with restructuring costs	466	359	1,028	693
Operating Segments | Reportable Segments | Energy & Transportation
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	886	1,012	1,724	1,886
Restructuring costs	(41)	(24)	(52)	(29)
Consolidated profit before taxes with restructuring costs	845	988	1,672	1,857
Operating Segments | Reportable Segments | Financial Products Segment
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	193	134	404	275
Restructuring costs	0	(1)	0	(1)
Consolidated profit before taxes with restructuring costs	193	133	404	274
Operating Segments | All Other operating segments | All Other
Reconciliation of restructuring
Consolidated profit before taxes	11	23	36	80
Restructuring costs	(1)	(5)	(6)	(9)
Consolidated profit before taxes with restructuring costs	$ 10	$ 18	$ 30	$ 71

Reconciliation of assets (Detai

Reconciliation of assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	$ 79,187	$ 78,509
Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	56,760	55,732
All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	1,266	1,279
Cash and Short Term Investments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	6,528	6,968
Intercompany Receivables
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Investment in Financial Products
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Deferred Income Taxes
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	1,361	1,323
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	4,457	4,279
Property Plant and Equipment-Net and Other Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	2,329	1,802
Inventory Methodology Differences
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	(2,406)	(2,503)
Liabilities Included in Segment Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	9,445	9,766
Other
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	(553)	(137)
Consolidating Adjustments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	(6,147)	(6,034)
Consolidating Adjustments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | Cash and Short Term Investments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | Intercompany Receivables
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	(1,437)	(1,633)
Consolidating Adjustments | Investment in Financial Products
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	(3,953)	(3,672)
Consolidating Adjustments | Deferred Income Taxes
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	(647)	(692)
Consolidating Adjustments | Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | Property Plant and Equipment-Net and Other Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | Inventory Methodology Differences
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | Liabilities Included in Segment Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | Other
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	(110)	(37)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	20,176	19,730
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	48,698	48,475
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	20,176	19,730
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	1,266	1,279
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Cash and Short Term Investments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	6,528	6,968
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Intercompany Receivables
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	1,437	1,633
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Investment in Financial Products
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	3,953	3,672
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Deferred Income Taxes
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	2,008	2,015
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	4,457	4,279
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Property Plant and Equipment-Net and Other Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	2,329	1,802
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Inventory Methodology Differences
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	(2,406)	(2,503)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Liabilities Included in Segment Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	9,445	9,766
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Other
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	(495)	(166)
Financial Products | Operating Segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	36,636	36,068
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	36,584	36,002
Financial Products | Operating Segments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Cash and Short Term Investments
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Intercompany Receivables
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Investment in Financial Products
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Deferred Income Taxes
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Property Plant and Equipment-Net and Other Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Inventory Methodology Differences
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Liabilities Included in Segment Assets
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Other
Reconciliation of Assets
Total assets	$ 52	$ 66

Reconciliations of depreciation

Reconciliations of depreciation and amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	$ 647	$ 686	$ 1,288	$ 1,367
Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	547	574	1,090	1,140
All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	53	58	105	115
Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	33	32	65	63
Other
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	14	22	28	49
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	340	362	677	725
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	431	465	855	933
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	340	362	677	725
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	53	58	105	115
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	33	32	65	63
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Other
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	5	13	8	30
Financial Products | Operating Segments
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	216	221	433	434
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	207	212	413	415
Financial Products | Operating Segments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Other
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization	$ 9	$ 9	$ 20	$ 19

Reconciliations of capital expe

Reconciliations of capital expenditures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	$ 678	$ 771	$ 1,225	$ 1,528
Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	655	774	1,050	1,362
All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	22	27	35	38
Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	29	26	49	40
Timing
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	(5)	(18)	129	157
Other
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	(23)	(38)	(38)	(69)
Consolidating Adjustments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	(2)	(36)	(3)	(40)
Consolidating Adjustments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	0	0	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	0	0	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	0	0	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | Timing
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	0	0	0	0
Consolidating Adjustments | Other
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	(2)	(36)	(3)	(40)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	196	241	345	468
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	195	231	492	554
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	196	241	345	468
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	22	27	35	38
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	29	26	49	40
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Timing
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	(5)	(18)	129	157
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments | Other
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	(47)	(45)	(66)	(149)
Financial Products | Operating Segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	485	576	736	1,014
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Reportable Segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	459	533	705	894
Financial Products | Operating Segments | All Other operating segments
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Cost Centers
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Timing
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	0	0	0	0
Financial Products | Operating Segments | Other
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures
Total capital expenditures	$ 26	$ 43	$ 31	$ 120

Cat Financial Financing Activ_3

Cat Financial Financing Activities (Details) - Finance Receivables - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Allowance for Credit Loss Activity
Balance at beginning of year	$ 507	$ 362
Receivables written off	(125)	(235)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	21	46
Provision for credit losses	123	349
Other	(8)	(15)
Balance at end of period	518	507
Allowance for Credit Losses
Individually evaluated for impairment			$ 305	$ 302
Collectively evaluated for impairment			213	205
Ending Balance	518	362	518	507
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment			867	936
Collectively evaluated for impairment			21,634	21,490
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables			22,501	22,426
Customer
Allowance for Credit Loss Activity
Balance at beginning of year	486	353
Receivables written off	(125)	(235)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	21	46
Provision for credit losses	99	337
Other	(8)	(15)
Balance at end of period	473	486
Allowance for Credit Losses
Individually evaluated for impairment			266	288
Collectively evaluated for impairment			207	198
Ending Balance	473	353	473	486
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment			789	858
Collectively evaluated for impairment			18,095	18,152
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables			18,884	19,010
Dealer
Allowance for Credit Loss Activity
Balance at beginning of year	21	9
Receivables written off	0	0
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	0	0
Provision for credit losses	24	12
Other	0	0
Balance at end of period	45	21
Allowance for Credit Losses
Individually evaluated for impairment			39	14
Collectively evaluated for impairment			6	7
Ending Balance	$ 45	$ 9	45	21
Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment			78	78
Collectively evaluated for impairment			3,539	3,338
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables			$ 3,617	$ 3,416

Cat Financial Financing Activ_4

Cat Financial Financing Activities (Details 2) - Finance Receivables - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	$ 1,015	$ 1,038
Current	21,486	21,388
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	22,501	22,426
91+ Still Accruing	32	24
31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	211	184
61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	89	67
91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	715	787
Customer
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	18,884	19,010
Customer | North America
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	151	167
Current	7,805	7,825
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	7,956	7,992
91+ Still Accruing	12	14
Customer | North America | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	90	65
Customer | North America | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	17	18
Customer | North America | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	44	84
Customer | Europe
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	209	181
Current	2,885	2,850
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	3,094	3,031
91+ Still Accruing	7	5
Customer | Europe | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	29	19
Customer | Europe | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	13	9
Customer | Europe | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	167	153
Customer | Asia Pacific
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	77	41
Current	2,511	2,409
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	2,588	2,450
91+ Still Accruing	12	5
Customer | Asia Pacific | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	37	24
Customer | Asia Pacific | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	15	9
Customer | Asia Pacific | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	25	8
Customer | Mining
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	35	38
Current	1,814	1,642
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	1,849	1,680
91+ Still Accruing	0	0
Customer | Mining | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	3	28
Customer | Mining | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	13	1
Customer | Mining | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	19	9
Customer | Latin America
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	146	138
Current	1,352	1,421
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	1,498	1,559
91+ Still Accruing	0	0
Customer | Latin America | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	44	38
Customer | Latin America | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	17	29
Customer | Latin America | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	85	71
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	316	395
Current	1,583	1,903
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	1,899	2,298
91+ Still Accruing	0	0
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	7	10
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	13	1
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	296	384
Dealer
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	3,617	3,416
Dealer | North America
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Current	2,108	1,895
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	2,108	1,895
91+ Still Accruing	0	0
Dealer | North America | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | North America | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | North America | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Europe
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Current	330	333
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	330	333
91+ Still Accruing	0	0
Dealer | Europe | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Europe | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Europe | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Asia Pacific
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Current	461	466
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	461	466
91+ Still Accruing	0	0
Dealer | Asia Pacific | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Asia Pacific | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Asia Pacific | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Mining
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Current	4	4
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	4	4
91+ Still Accruing	0	0
Dealer | Mining | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Mining | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Mining | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Latin America
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	81	78
Current	632	638
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	713	716
91+ Still Accruing	1	0
Dealer | Latin America | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	1	0
Dealer | Latin America | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	1	0
Dealer | Latin America | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	79	78
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Current	1	2
Ending balance-recorded investment in finance receivables	1	2
91+ Still Accruing	0	0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 31 to 60 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 61 to 90 Days Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	0	0
Dealer | Caterpillar Power Finance | 91 Days of More Past Due
Aging related to loans and finance leases
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due	$ 0	$ 0

Cat Financial Financing Activ_5

Cat Financial Financing Activities (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Dealer
Impaired finance receivables
Recorded Investment, Total					$ 78
Dealer | Latin America
Impaired finance receivables
Recorded Investment, Total	$ 78		$ 78
Finance Receivables | Customer
Impaired finance receivables
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	111		111		142
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded	111		111		156
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded	0		0		0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	678		678		716
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded	690		690		722
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	266		266		288
Recorded Investment, Total	789		789		858
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total	801		801		878
Related Allowance, Total	266		266		288
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	101	$ 330	115	$ 371
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded	2	3	3	8
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	694	594	702	557
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded	6	6	13	9
Average Recorded Investment, Total	795	924	817	928
Interest Income Recognized, Total	8	9	16	17
Finance Receivables | Customer | North America
Impaired finance receivables
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	11		11		10
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded	11		11		10
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded	0		0		0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	28		28		40
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded	28		28		41
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	10		10		14
Recorded Investment, Total	39		39		50
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total	39		39		51
Related Allowance, Total	10		10		14
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	10	18	10	18
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded	0	1	0	1
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	35	56	37	53
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded	0	0	1	1
Average Recorded Investment, Total	45	74	47	71
Interest Income Recognized, Total	0	1	1	2
Finance Receivables | Customer | Europe
Impaired finance receivables
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	1		1		1
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded	1		1		1
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded	0		0		0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	101		101		92
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded	101		101		92
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	56		56		57
Recorded Investment, Total	102		102		93
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total	102		102		93
Related Allowance, Total	56		56		57
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	1	7	1	23
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded	0	0	0	0
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	94	48	94	32
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded	0	1	1	1
Average Recorded Investment, Total	95	55	95	55
Interest Income Recognized, Total	0	1	1	1
Finance Receivables | Customer | Asia Pacific
Impaired finance receivables
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	0		0		0
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded	0		0		0
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded	0		0		0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	10		10		4
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded	10		10		4
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	3		3		2
Recorded Investment, Total	10		10		4
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total	10		10		4
Related Allowance, Total	3		3		2
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	0	28	0	30
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded	0	0	0	1
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	9	5	8	5
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded	0	0	0	0
Average Recorded Investment, Total	9	33	8	35
Interest Income Recognized, Total	0	0	0	1
Finance Receivables | Customer | Mining
Impaired finance receivables
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	26		26		33
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded	26		26		33
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded	0		0		0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	63		63		56
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded	62		62		55
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	20		20		26
Recorded Investment, Total	89		89		89
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total	88		88		88
Related Allowance, Total	20		20		26
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	29	45	30	78
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded	1	1	1	2
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	39	64	42	36
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded	0	1	1	1
Average Recorded Investment, Total	68	109	72	114
Interest Income Recognized, Total	1	2	2	3
Finance Receivables | Customer | Latin America
Impaired finance receivables
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	21		21		29
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded	21		21		29
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded	0		0		0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	70		70		75
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded	69		69		75
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	26		26		25
Recorded Investment, Total	91		91		104
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total	90		90		104
Related Allowance, Total	26		26		25
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	20	43	23	44
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded	1	0	1	1
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	74	65	75	76
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded	2	1	3	2
Average Recorded Investment, Total	94	108	98	120
Interest Income Recognized, Total	3	1	4	3
Finance Receivables | Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Impaired finance receivables
Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	52		52		69
Unpaid Principal Balance With No Allowance Recorded	52		52		83
Related Allowance With No Allowance Recorded	0		0		0
Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	406		406		449
Unpaid Principal Balance With An Allowance Recorded	420		420		455
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	151		151		164
Recorded Investment, Total	458		458		518
Unpaid Principal Balance, Total	472		472		538
Related Allowance, Total	151		151		164
Average Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded	41	189	51	178
Interest Income Recognized With No Allowance Recorded	0	1	1	3
Average Recorded Investment With An Allowance Recorded	443	356	446	355
Interest Income Recognized With An Allowance Recorded	4	3	7	4
Average Recorded Investment, Total	484	545	497	533
Interest Income Recognized, Total	4	$ 4	8	$ 7
Finance Receivables | Dealer | Latin America
Impaired finance receivables
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	39		39		14
Related Allowance, Total	$ 39		$ 39		$ 14

Cat Financial Financing Activ_6

Cat Financial Financing Activities (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due
Period after which Collection of Future Income is Considered as Not Probable	120 days
Dealer
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due
Loans and Leases Receivable, Nonperforming, Nonaccrual of Interest	$ 78	$ 78
Finance Receivables | Customer
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due
Loans and Leases Receivable, Nonperforming, Nonaccrual of Interest	780	807
Finance Receivables | Customer | North America
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due
Loans and Leases Receivable, Nonperforming, Nonaccrual of Interest	37	77
Finance Receivables | Customer | Europe
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due
Loans and Leases Receivable, Nonperforming, Nonaccrual of Interest	165	154
Finance Receivables | Customer | Asia Pacific
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due
Loans and Leases Receivable, Nonperforming, Nonaccrual of Interest	13	4
Finance Receivables | Customer | Mining
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due
Loans and Leases Receivable, Nonperforming, Nonaccrual of Interest	20	50
Finance Receivables | Customer | Latin America
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due
Loans and Leases Receivable, Nonperforming, Nonaccrual of Interest	98	106
Finance Receivables | Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due
Loans and Leases Receivable, Nonperforming, Nonaccrual of Interest	$ 447	$ 416

Cat Financial Financing Activ_7

Cat Financial Financing Activities (Details 5) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)Contracts	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)Contracts	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)Contracts	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)Contracts	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Customer
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts (in contracts) | Contracts	22	19	49	37
Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 70	$ 57	$ 132	$ 98
Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 69	$ 24	$ 126	$ 65
Customer | North America
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts (in contracts) | Contracts	8	17	8	30
Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 5	$ 7	$ 5	$ 13
Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 4	$ 7	$ 4	$ 13
Customer | Europe
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts (in contracts) | Contracts	2	0	21	0
Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 10	$ 0	$ 21	$ 0
Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 10	$ 0	$ 17	$ 0
Customer | Mining
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts (in contracts) | Contracts	1	0	1	1
Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 6	$ 0	$ 6	$ 29
Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 6	$ 0	$ 6	$ 29
Customer | Latin America
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts (in contracts) | Contracts	4	0	4	1
Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 2	$ 0	$ 2	$ 3
Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 2	$ 0	$ 2	$ 3
Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts (in contracts) | Contracts	7	2	15	5
Pre-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 47	$ 50	$ 98	$ 53
Post-TDR Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 47	$ 17	$ 97	$ 20
Dealer
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Number of Contracts (in contracts) | Contracts	0	0	0	0
Finance Receivables | Customer
Loan receivables
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	$ 266		$ 266		$ 288
Finance receivables modified as TDRs
Remaining Commitments	0		0		0
Finance Receivables | Customer | North America
Loan receivables
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	10		10		14
Finance Receivables | Customer | Europe
Loan receivables
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	56		56		57
Finance Receivables | Customer | Asia Pacific
Loan receivables
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	3		3		2
Finance Receivables | Customer | Mining
Loan receivables
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	20		20		26
Finance Receivables | Customer | Latin America
Loan receivables
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	26		26		25
Finance Receivables | Customer | Caterpillar Power Finance
Loan receivables
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	151		151		164
Finance Receivables | Dealer | Latin America
Loan receivables
Related Allowance With An Allowance Recorded	$ 39		$ 39		$ 14

Fair Value Disclosures (Details

Fair Value Disclosures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	$ 1,280	$ 1,151
Equity securities	485	425
Total Assets	1,765	1,576
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities, at Fair Value, Net	19	19
Total Liabilities	19	19
U.S. treasury bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	9	9
Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	47	42
Corporate bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	819	720
Asset-backed securities | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	56	63
U.S. governmental agency | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	305	297
Residential | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	7	7
Commercial | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	37	13
Large capitalization value | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	307	260
Smaller company growth | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	56	46
REIT | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	122	119
Level 1 | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	9	9
Equity securities	363	306
Total Assets	372	315
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities, at Fair Value, Net	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Level 1 | U.S. treasury bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	9	9
Level 1 | Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 1 | Corporate bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 1 | Asset-backed securities | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 1 | U.S. governmental agency | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 1 | Residential | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 1 | Commercial | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 1 | Large capitalization value | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	307	260
Level 1 | Smaller company growth | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	56	46
Level 1 | REIT | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	0	0
Level 2 | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	1,271	1,142
Equity securities	0	0
Total Assets	1,271	1,142
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities, at Fair Value, Net	19	19
Total Liabilities	19	19
Level 2 | U.S. treasury bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 2 | Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	47	42
Level 2 | Corporate bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	819	720
Level 2 | Asset-backed securities | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	56	63
Level 2 | U.S. governmental agency | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	305	297
Level 2 | Residential | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	7	7
Level 2 | Commercial | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	37	13
Level 2 | Large capitalization value | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	0	0
Level 2 | Smaller company growth | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	0	0
Level 2 | REIT | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	0	0
Level 3 | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Equity securities	0	0
Total Assets	0	0
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities, at Fair Value, Net	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Level 3 | U.S. treasury bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 3 | Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 3 | Corporate bonds | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 3 | Asset-backed securities | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 3 | U.S. governmental agency | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 3 | Residential | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 3 | Commercial | Recurring basis
Assets
Available-for-sale securities, debt securities	0	0
Level 3 | Large capitalization value | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	0	0
Level 3 | Smaller company growth | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	0	0
Level 3 | REIT | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	0	0
Fair Value Measured on Net Asset Value (NAV) [Member] | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	122	119
Total Assets	122	119
Fair Value Measured on Net Asset Value (NAV) [Member] | REIT | Recurring basis
Assets
Equity securities	122	119
Financial Products | Level 3 | Nonrecurring basis
Assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis at fair value
Impaired Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment	$ 417	$ 469

Fair Value Disclosures (Detai_2

Fair Value Disclosures (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and short-term investments	$ 7,429	$ 7,857
Carrying Amount
Assets
Cash and short-term investments	7,429	7,857
Restricted cash and short-term investments	30	33
Investments in debt and equity securities	1,765	1,576
Finance receivables-net (excluding finance leases)	14,526	14,714
Wholesale inventory receivables-net (excluding finance leases)	1,172	1,050
Foreign currency contracts-net	51	47
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings	5,266	5,723
Interest rate contracts-net	65	36
Commodity contracts-net	5	30
Guarantees	6	8
Carrying Amount | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Liabilities
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)	7,670	8,015
Carrying Amount | Financial Products
Liabilities
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)	23,342	22,815
Carrying amount of assets excluded from measurement at fair value
Assets
Finance leases	7,758	7,463
Level 1 | Fair Value
Assets
Cash and short-term investments	7,429	7,857
Restricted cash and short-term investments	30	33
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings	5,266	5,723
Level 1 & 2 | Fair Value
Assets
Investments in debt and equity securities	1,765	1,576
Level 2 | Fair Value
Assets
Foreign currency contracts-net	51	47
Liabilities
Interest rate contracts-net	65	36
Commodity contracts-net	5	30
Level 2 | Fair Value | Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Liabilities
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)	9,469	9,046
Level 2 | Fair Value | Financial Products
Liabilities
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)	23,596	22,684
Level 3 | Fair Value
Assets
Finance receivables-net (excluding finance leases)	14,750	14,798
Wholesale inventory receivables-net (excluding finance leases)	1,151	1,025
Liabilities
Guarantees	$ 6	$ 8

Other income (expense) (Details

Other income (expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Investment and interest income	$ 54	$ 45	$ 106	$ 81
Foreign exchange gains (losses)	(47)	(60)	(29)	(79)
Royalty Income, Nonoperating	31	36	56	67
Net periodic pension and OPEB income (cost), excluding service cost	24	86	50	172
Gain (Loss) on securities	14	7	53	4
Miscellaneous income (loss)	(8)	7	(8)	3
Total	$ 68	$ 121	$ 228	$ 248

Restructuring Costs (Details)

Restructuring Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended	46 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019
Restructuring and Related Cost [Abstract]
Restructuring costs	$ 110	$ 114	$ 158	$ 183
Employee Separation Charges [Roll Forward]
Liability balance at beginning of period			85	249	$ 249
Increase in liability (separation charges)			25		112
Reduction in liability (payments)			(60)		(276)
Liability balance at end of period	50		50		$ 85	$ 50
September 2015 announcement [Member]
Restructuring and Related Cost [Abstract]
Restructuring costs			19			1,807
Estimated restructuring costs	20		20			$ 20
Employee separations | Other Operating Income (Expense)
Restructuring and Related Cost [Abstract]
Restructuring costs	10	45	25	78
Long-lived asset impairments | Other Operating Income (Expense)
Restructuring and Related Cost [Abstract]
Restructuring costs	29	30	36	30
Other | Cost of Sales
Restructuring and Related Cost [Abstract]
Restructuring costs	$ 71	$ 39	$ 97	$ 75