As inflation retreated, investors turned their attention to the timing of potential Fed interest-rate cuts in 2024. At the beginning of the calendar year, the market had priced in five or more cuts, with the first initially pegged for March 2024. The Fed’s Summary of Economic Projections, which was released as part of its March meeting, showed a median projection of three rate cuts by the end of 2024. With job market growth and inflation surprising to the upside in the first calendar quarter, investors readjusted their outlook. At period-end, investors expected just one or two cuts, which was consistent with our baseline projections.
Against this backdrop, the benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury yield increased 126 basis points from 3.42% to 4.68% for the 12 months ended April 30, 2024. [A basis point is equal to one hundredth of one percentage point.]
How did the fund perform in this environment?
For the 12 months ended April 30, 2024, the fund gained 6.14% at net asset value, outperforming the 5.33% return for the benchmark.
What were the drivers of performance during the reporting period?
Corporate credit was the largest contributor to the fund’s relative performance during the period. The fund benefited from tighter short-term corporate credit spreads. [Spreads are the yield advantage credit-sensitive bonds offer over some comparable-maturity U.S. Treasuries. Bond prices rise as yield spreads tighten and decline as spreads widen.] Issuer selection in the banking sector, the largest sector allocation in the fund, was the top contributor to performance.
Our allocations to commercial paper contributed to returns as well. We keep a balance of short-maturity commercial paper for liquidity purposes. As interest rates increased, commercial paper yields rose. This allowed us to reinvest the maturing paper at higher interest rates.
What is your near-term outlook for fixed income markets?
We continue to believe future monetary policy decisions will be influenced by incoming economic data. With that said, our view is the “last mile” of disinflation will be harder to achieve than earlier declines in inflation. Currently, the market is pricing in fewer than three interest-rate reductions in 2024, a drastic difference from the beginning of the year.
What are the fund’s strategies going forward?
Healthy market technicals and supportive macroeconomic data have kept spread volatility low for investment-grade corporate credit. Meanwhile, increasingly pervasive expectations for a Fed pivot in 2024 have driven valuations to their year-to-date tightest levels. Dovish central bank commentary has reduced the probability of a near-term recession, in our view, but we believe challenges remain for commercial real estate and regional banks. Additionally, lower-end consumer stress has increased with the depletion of pandemic-era savings and cuts to government stimulus programs. We continue to seek out and find pockets of idiosyncratic opportunities but remain cautious on overall valuations.
Regarding the banking sector specifically, we expect overall credit fundamentals to remain stable, particularly within the larger systemically important banks, which dominate the fund’s exposure. We believe most banks will continue to maintain strong levels of capitalization. Current asset quality profiles are also on solid footing, in our view, helping these institutions to weather a potentially more challenging environment.
Thank you, Joanne, for sharing this update about the fund.
The foregoing information reflects our views, which are subject to change. They are not meant as investment advice. Please note that the holdings discussed in this report may not have been held by the fund for the entire period. Portfolio composition is subject to review in accordance with the fund’s investment strategy and may vary in the future.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Trustees of Putnam ETF Trust and Shareholders of
Putnam ESG Ultra Short ETF:
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the fund’s portfolio, of Putnam ESG Ultra Short ETF (one of the funds constituting Putnam ETF Trust, referred to hereafter as the “Fund”) as of April 30, 2024, the related statement of operations for the year ended April 30, 2024 and the statement of changes in net assets and the financial highlights for the year ended April 30, 2024 and for the period January 19, 2023 (commencement of operations) through April 30, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of April 30, 2024, the results of its operations for the year ended April 30, 2024, and the changes in its net assets and the financial highlights for the year ended April 30, 2024 and for the period January 19, 2023 (commencement of operations) through April 30, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of April 30, 2024 by correspondence with the custodian, and brokers; when replies were not received from brokers, we performed other auditing procedures.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
June 14, 2024
We have served as the auditor of one or more investment companies in the Putnam Funds family of funds since at least 1957. We have not been able to determine the specific year we began serving as auditor.
ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:
Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.
Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:
| | | |
| | Valuation inputs |
| Investments in securities: | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| Asset-backed securities | $— | $3,292,639 | $— |
| Certificates of deposit | — | 1,004,124 | — |
| Commercial paper | — | 20,248,716 | — |
| Corporate bonds and notes | — | 58,211,710 | — |
| Totals by level | $— | $82,757,189 | $— |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
Statement of assets and liabilities 4/30/24
| |
| ASSETS | |
| Investment in securities, at value (Note 1): | |
| Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $82,754,074) | $82,757,189 |
| Cash | 1,022 |
| Interest and other receivables | 517,721 |
| Receivable for investments sold | 3,620,899 |
| Total assets | 86,896,831 |
| |
| LIABILITIES | |
| Payable for investments purchased | 3,776,102 |
| Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2) | 27,663 |
| Total liabilities | 3,803,765 |
| | |
| Net assets | $83,093,066 |
| |
| REPRESENTED BY | |
| Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1, 4 and 5) | $82,743,402 |
| Total distributable earnings (Note 1) | 349,664 |
| Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding | $83,093,066 |
| |
| COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | |
| Net asset value per share | |
| ($83,093,066 divided by 1,650,000 shares) | $50.36 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
Statement of operations Year ended 4/30/24
| |
| INVESTMENT INCOME | |
| Interest (including interest income of $1,310 from investments in affiliated issuers) (Note 6) | $5,811,880 |
| Total investment income | 5,811,880 |
| |
| EXPENSES | |
| Compensation of Manager (Note 2) | 255,240 |
| Fees waived and reimbursed by Manager (Note 2) | (564) |
| Total expenses | 254,676 |
| | |
| Net investment income | 5,557,204 |
| |
| REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS) | |
| Net realized gain (loss) on: | |
| Securities from unaffiliated issuers (Notes 1 and 3) | 47,992 |
| Total net realized gain | 47,992 |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on: | |
| Securities from unaffiliated issuers | 301,134 |
| Total change in net unrealized appreciation | 301,134 |
| | |
| Net gain on investments | 349,126 |
| |
| Net increase in net assets resulting from operations | $5,906,330 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
Statement of changes in net assets
| | |
| | | For the period |
| | | 1/19/23 |
| | | (commencement |
| | | of operations) |
| INCREASE (DECREASE) IN NET ASSETS | Year ended 4/30/24 | to 4/30/23 |
| Operations | | |
| Net investment income | $5,557,204 | $1,371,309 |
| Net realized gain (loss) on investments | 47,992 | (55,238) |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) | | |
| of investments | 301,134 | (298,019) |
| Net increase in net assets resulting from operations | 5,906,330 | 1,018,052 |
| Distributions to shareholders (Note 1): | | |
| From ordinary income | | |
| Net investment income | (5,744,638) | (830,080) |
| Proceeds from shares sold (Note 4) | 56,561,279 | 145,236,935 |
| Decrease from shares redeemed (Note 4) | (99,322,200) | (25,058,791) |
| Other capital (Note 4) | 155,883 | 170,296 |
| Total increase (decrease) in net assets | (42,443,346) | 120,536,412 |
| |
| NET ASSETS | | |
| Beginning of period (Note 5) | 125,536,412 | 5,000,000 |
| End of period | $83,093,066 | $125,536,412 |
| |
| NUMBER OF FUND SHARES | | |
| Shares outstanding at beginning of period (Note 5) | 2,500,000 | 100,000 |
| Shares sold (Note 4) | 1,125,000 | 2,900,000 |
| Shares redeemed (Note 4) | (1,975,000) | (500,000) |
| Shares outstanding at end of period | 1,650,000 | 2,500,000 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
Financial highlights
(For a common share outstanding throughout the period)
| | |
| PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE | | |
| | | For the period |
| | | 1/19/23 |
| | | (commencement |
| | Year ended | of operations) |
| | 4/30/24 | to 4/30/23 |
| Net asset value, beginning of period | $50.21 | $50.00 |
| Investment operations: | | |
| Net investment income (loss)a | 2.73 | .71 |
| Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | .18 | (.21) |
| Total from investment operations | 2.91 | .50 |
| Less distributions: | | |
| From net investment income | (2.84) | (.38) |
| From net realized gain on investments | — | — |
| Total distributions | (2.84) | (.38) |
| Other capital | .08 | .09 |
| Net asset value, end of period | $50.36 | $50.21 |
| Total return at net asset value (%)b | 6.14 | 1.18 * |
| |
| RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA | | |
| Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $83,093 | $125,536 |
| Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%)c,d | .25 | .07 * |
| Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets (%)d | 5.44 | 1.41 * |
| Portfolio turnover (%)e | 84 | 26 * |
* Not annualized.
a Per share net investment income (loss) has been determined on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period.
b Total return assumes dividend reinvestment.
c Excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.
d Reflects waivers of certain fund expenses in connection with investments in Putnam Government Money Market Fund during the period. As a result of such waivers, the expenses of the fund reflect a reduction of the following amounts (Notes 2 and 6):
| |
| | Percentage of average |
| | net assets |
| April 30, 2024 | <0.01% |
| April 30, 2023 | <0.01 |
e Portfolio turnover excludes securities received or delivered in-kind, if any.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
Notes to financial statements 4/30/24
Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from May 1, 2023 through April 30, 2024. The following table defines commonly used references within the Notes to financial statements:
| |
| References to | Represent |
| ESG | Environmental, social and/or corporate governance |
| ETF | Exchange-traded fund |
| Franklin Templeton | Franklin Resources, Inc. |
| JPMorgan | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. |
| OTC | Over-the-counter |
| PIL | Putnam Investments Limited, an affiliate of Putnam Management |
| Putnam Management | Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned |
| | subsidiary of Franklin Templeton |
| SEC | Securities and Exchange Commission |
| State Street | State Street Bank and Trust Company |
Putnam ESG Ultra Short ETF (the fund) is a diversified, open-end series of Putnam ETF Trust (the Trust), a Delaware statutory trust organized under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The fund is an actively managed ETF. The fund’s investment objective is to seek as high a rate of current income as Putnam Management believes is consistent with preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity. The fund invests in a diversified short duration portfolio of fixed-income securities comprised of investment-grade money market and other fixed-income securities, including U.S. dollar-denominated foreign securities of these types, with a focus on companies or issuers that Putnam Management believes meet ESG criteria on a sector-specific basis (“ESG criteria”).
The fund’s investments may include obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds and Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed bonds) or by only the credit of a federal agency or government-sponsored entity (e.g., Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac) mortgage-backed bonds), domestic corporate debt obligations, taxable municipal debt securities, securitized debt instruments (such as mortgage- and asset-backed securities), repurchase agreements, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, commercial paper (including asset-backed commercial paper), time deposits, Yankee Eurodollar securities and other money market instruments. The fund may also invest in U.S. dollar-denominated foreign securities of these types. Under normal circumstances, the effective duration of the fund’s portfolio will generally not be greater than one year. Effective duration provides a measure of a fund’s interest-rate sensitivity. The longer a fund’s duration, the more sensitive the fund is to shifts in interest rates. Under normal circumstances, the dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of the fund is not expected to exceed four years.
The fund may consider, among other factors, a company’s or issuer’s ESG criteria (as described below), credit, interest rate, liquidity and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.
Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of the value of its net assets in fixed-income securities that meet Putnam Management’s ESG criteria. This policy is non-fundamental and may be changed only after 60 days’ notice to shareholders. Putnam Management may not apply ESG criteria to investments that are not subject to the fund’s 80% policy and such investments may not meet Putnam Management’s ESG criteria.
In evaluating investments for the fund, Putnam Management identifies relevant ESG criteria on a sector-specific basis using an internally developed materiality map, which is informed by the ESG issues identified by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board as material to companies or issuers within a particular industry. A materiality map provides a guide to understanding which ESG criteria are more or less important for a given sector or subsector; it includes those ESG criteria that may be reasonably likely to influence investment decision-making. Putnam Management constructs the materiality map by evaluating the significance of specified ESG criteria (i.e., board structure and composition, diversity, equity and inclusion, or climate change risk, among others) in specific industries (i.e., consumer, healthcare, financials, etc.), subsectors, or countries. Putnam Management then categorizes the relevance of each ESG criteria for each industry, subsector, or country. As part of this analysis, Putnam Management may utilize metrics and information such as emissions data, carbon intensity, sources of energy used
for operations, water use and re-use, water generation, waste diversion from landfill, employee safety and diversity data, supplier audits, product safety, board composition, and incentive compensation structures. After evaluating these criteria, Putnam Management will assign each company or issuer, as applicable, a proprietary ESG rating ranging from 1 to 4 (1 indicating the highest (best) ESG rating and 4 indicating the lowest (worst) ESG rating). In order to meet Putnam Management’s ESG criteria for purposes of the above-referenced non-fundamental investment policy, a company or issuer must be rated 2 or 1 by Putnam Management. While Putnam Management may consider independent third-party data as a part of its analytical process, the portfolio management team performs its own independent analysis of issuers and does not rely solely on third-party screens.
The fund’s approach to ESG investing incorporates fundamental research together with consideration of ESG criteria which may include, but are not limited to, those included in the following descriptions. Environmental criteria include, for example, a company’s or issuer’s carbon intensity and use of resources like water or minerals. ESG measures in this area might include plans to reduce waste, increase recycling, raise the proportion of energy supply from renewable sources, or improve product design to be less resource intensive. Social criteria include, for example, labor practices and supply chain management. ESG measures in this area might include programs to improve employee well-being, commitment to workplace equality and diversity, or improved stewardship of supplier relationships and working conditions. Corporate governance criteria include, for example, board composition and executive compensation, as well as bondholders’ rights. ESG measures in this area might include improvements in board independence or diversity, or alignment of management incentives with the company’s or issuer’s strategic ESG objectives.
Putnam Management uses a sector-specific approach in evaluating investments. In the corporate credit sector, Putnam Management combines fundamental analysis with relevant ESG insights with a forward-looking perspective. Putnam Management believes that this approach contributes to a more nuanced assessment of an issuer’s credit profile which offers potential opportunity to limit tail risk in credit portfolios (i.e., the risk that the price of a portfolio may decrease by more than three standard deviations from its current price) and ratings volatility. Putnam Management believes that securitized debt instruments present unique challenges in applying ESG criteria due to the presence of various asset types, counterparties involved, and the complex structure of the securitized debt market along with a lack of available ESG-related data. In evaluating securitized debt instruments for potential investment, Putnam Management takes a broad approach, analyzing both the terms of the transaction, including the asset type being securitized and structure of the securitization, as well as key counterparties. Opportunities are analyzed at the asset level within each securitization and each subsector to identify assets that meet relevant ESG thresholds. Additionally, in evaluating securitized debt instruments, Putnam Management analyzes relevant ESG criteria regarding the originator, servicers, or other relevant counterparties. In the sovereign debt sector, Putnam Management uses quantitative modeling and fundamental research to evaluate countries across a variety of ESG criteria (i.e., natural resource dependence and level of public corruption) and non-ESG criteria (i.e., global economic conditions, market valuations and technicals). Putnam Management believes that sovereign issuers with better ESG scores generally benefit from lower borrowing costs and that ESG criteria may influence the perception of the credit risk of a country’s debt. Countries are evaluated both on current ESG metrics and the extent of recent progress.
Putnam Management evaluates ESG considerations using independent third-party data (where available), and also uses company or issuer disclosures and public data sources. Putnam Management believes that ESG considerations are best analyzed in combination with a company’s or issuer’s fundamentals, including a company’s or issuer’s industry, location, strategic position, and key relationships.
In addition to bonds, the fund may also invest in other fixed-income instruments. In addition to the main investment strategies described above, the fund may make other types of investments, such as investments in hybrid and structured bonds and notes, and preferred securities that would be characterized as debt securities under applicable accounting standards and tax laws. The fund may also use derivatives, such as futures, options, and credit default, total return and interest rate swap contracts, for both hedging and non-hedging purposes.
In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.
The fund has entered into contractual arrangements with an investment adviser, administrator, distributor, transfer agent and custodian, who each provide services to the fund. Unless expressly stated otherwise, shareholders are not parties to, or intended beneficiaries of these contractual arrangements, and these contractual arrangements are not intended to create any shareholder right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the fund.
Under the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, any claims asserted by a shareholder against or on behalf of the Trust (or its series), including claims against Trustees and Officers, must be brought in courts of the State of Delaware.
Note 1: Significant accounting policies
The fund follows the accounting and reporting guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946, Financial Services – Investment Companies (ASC 946) and applies the specialized accounting and reporting guidance in U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP), including, but not limited to, ASC 946. The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.
Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.
Market quotations are not considered to be readily available for certain debt obligations (including short-term investments with remaining maturities of 60 days or less) and other investments; such investments are valued on the basis of valuations furnished by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees or dealers selected by Putnam Management. Such services or dealers determine valuations for normal institutional-size trading units of such securities using methods based on market transactions for comparable securities and various relationships, generally recognized by institutional traders, between securities (which consider such factors as security prices, yields, maturities and ratings). These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2. Securities quoted in foreign currencies, if any, are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate.
Investments in open-end investment companies (excluding exchange-traded funds), if any, which can be classified as Level 1 or Level 2 securities, are valued based on their net asset value. The net asset value of such investment companies equals the total value of their assets less their liabilities and divided by the number of their outstanding shares.
To the extent a pricing service or dealer is unable to value a security or provides a valuation that Putnam Management does not believe accurately reflects the security’s fair value, the security will be valued at fair value by Putnam Management, which has been designated as valuation designee pursuant to Rule 2a–5 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Trustees. Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs.
To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. Certain securities may be valued on the basis of a price provided by a single source. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.
Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.
Interest income, net of any applicable withholding taxes, if any, is recorded on the accrual basis. Amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts on debt securities, if any, is recorded on the accrual basis.
Master agreements The fund is a party to ISDA (International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.) Master Agreements that govern OTC derivative and foreign exchange contracts and Master Securities Forward Transaction Agreements that govern transactions involving mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities that may result in delayed delivery (Master Agreements) with certain counterparties entered into from time to time. The Master Agreements may contain provisions regarding, among other things, the parties’ general obligations, representations, agreements, collateral requirements, events of default and early termination. With respect to certain counterparties, in accordance with the terms of the Master Agreements, collateral pledged to the fund is held in a segregated account by the fund’s custodian and, with respect to those amounts which can be sold or repledged, are presented in the fund’s portfolio.
Collateral pledged by the fund is segregated by the fund’s custodian and identified in the fund’s portfolio. Collateral can be in the form of cash or debt securities issued by the U.S. Government or related agencies or other securities as agreed to by the fund and the applicable counterparty. Collateral requirements are determined based on the fund’s net position with each counterparty.
With respect to ISDA Master Agreements, termination events applicable to the fund may occur upon a decline in the fund’s net assets below a specified threshold over a certain period of time. Termination events applicable to counterparties may occur upon a decline in the counterparty’s long-term or short-term credit ratings below a specified level. In each case, upon occurrence, the other party may elect to terminate early and cause settlement of all derivative and foreign exchange contracts outstanding, including the payment of any losses and costs resulting from such early termination, as reasonably determined by the terminating party. Any decision by one or more of the fund’s counterparties to elect early termination could impact the fund’s future derivative activity.
At the close of the reporting period, the fund did not have a net liability position on open derivative contracts subject to the Master Agreements.
Lines of credit The fund participates, along with other Putnam funds, in a $320 million syndicated unsecured committed line of credit, provided by State Street ($160 million) and JPMorgan ($160 million), and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to 1.25% plus the higher of (1) the Federal Funds rate and (2) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate for the committed line of credit and 1.30% plus the higher of (1) the Federal Funds rate and (2) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds and a $75,000 fee has been paid by the participating funds to State Street as agent of the syndicated committed line of credit. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.21% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly. During the reporting period, the fund had no borrowings against these arrangements.
Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its taxable income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.
The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. The fund’s federal tax return for the prior period remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.
Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred for an unlimited period and the carry forwards will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses. At April 30, 2024, the fund had the following capital loss carryovers available, to the extent allowed by the Code, to offset future net capital gain, if any:
| | |
| | Loss carryover | |
| Short-term | Long-term | Total |
| $— | $769 | $769 |
Distributions to shareholders Distributions to shareholders from net investment income, if any, are recorded by the fund on the ex-dividend date. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations, which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. For the reporting period, there were no material temporary or permanent differences. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund required no such reclassifications.
Tax cost of investments includes adjustments to net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) which may not necessarily be final tax cost basis adjustments, but closely approximate the tax basis unrealized gains and losses that may be realized and distributed to shareholders. The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:
| |
| Unrealized appreciation | $92,290 |
| Unrealized depreciation | (95,652) |
| Net unrealized depreciation | (3,362) |
| Undistributed ordinary income | 353,795 |
| Capital loss carryforward | (769) |
| Cost for federal income tax purposes | $82,760,551 |
Expenses of the Trust Expenses directly charged or attributable to any fund will be paid from the assets of that fund. Generally, expenses of the Trust will be allocated among and charged to the assets of each fund on a basis that the Trustees deem fair and equitable, which may be based on the relative assets of each fund or the nature of the services performed and relative applicability to each fund.
Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions
The fund pays the Manager an annual all-inclusive management fee of 0.25% based on the fund’s average daily net assets computed and paid monthly. The management fee covers investment management services and all of the fund’s organizational and other operating expenses with certain exceptions, including but not limited to: payments under distribution plans, interest expenses, taxes, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, fund proxy expenses, litigation expenses, extraordinary expenses and acquired fund fees and expenses.
The fund invests in Putnam Government Money Market Fund, an open-end management investment company managed by Putnam Management. Management fees paid by the fund are reduced by an amount equal to the management fees paid by Putnam Government Money Market Fund with respect to assets invested by the fund in Putnam Government Money Market Fund. During the reporting period, management fees paid were reduced by $564 relating to the fund’s investment in Putnam Government Money Market Fund.
PIL is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. PIL did not manage any portion of the assets of the fund during the reporting period. If Putnam Management were to engage the services of PIL, Putnam Management would pay a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.20% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.
On January 1, 2024, a subsidiary of Franklin Templeton acquired Putnam U.S. Holdings I, LLC (“Putnam Holdings”), the parent company of Putnam Management and PIL, in a stock and cash transaction (the “Transaction”). As a result of the Transaction, Putnam Management and PIL became indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries of Franklin Templeton. The Transaction also resulted in the automatic termination of the investment management contract between the fund and Putnam Management and the sub-management contract for the fund between Putnam Management and PIL that were in place for the fund before the Transaction (together, the “Previous Advisory Contracts”). However, Putnam Management and PIL continue to provide uninterrupted services with respect to the fund pursuant to new investment management and sub-management contracts that were approved by fund shareholders at a shareholder meeting held in connection with the Transaction and that took effect on January 1, 2024 (together, the “New Advisory Contracts”). The terms of the New Advisory Contracts are substantially similar to those of the Previous Advisory Contracts, and the fee rates payable under the New Advisory Contracts are the same as the fee rates under the Previous Advisory Contracts.
Effective June 1, 2024, under an agreement with Putnam Management, Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton and an affiliate of Putnam Management, will provide certain administrative services to the fund. The fee for those services will be paid by Putnam Management based on the costs incurred by Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, and is not an additional expense of the fund.
The fund has adopted a distribution and service plan pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the 1940 Act that authorizes the fund to pay distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of its shares and service fees in connection with the provision of ongoing shareholder support services. No Rule 12b–1 fees are currently paid by the fund.
Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities
During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and the proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments, were as follows:
| | |
| | Cost of purchases | Proceeds from sales |
| Investments in securities (Long-term) | $49,629,074 | $63,245,803 |
| U.S. government securities (Long-term) | — | — |
| Total | $49,629,074 | $63,245,803 |
The fund may purchase or sell investments from or to other Putnam funds in the ordinary course of business, which can reduce the fund’s transaction costs, at prices determined in accordance with SEC requirements and policies approved by the Trustees. During the reporting period, purchases or sales of long-term securities from or to other Putnam funds, if any, did not represent more than 5% of the fund’s total cost of purchases and/or total proceeds from sales.
Note 4: Capital shares
Shares of the fund are listed and traded on NYSE Arca, Inc., and individual fund shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker or dealer at market price. These transactions, which do not involve the fund, are made at market prices that may vary throughout the day, rather than at net asset value (NAV). Shares of the fund may trade at a price greater than the fund’s NAV (premium) or less than the fund’s NAV (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares (ask) when buying or selling fund shares in the secondary market (the “bid-ask spread”). The fund will issue and redeem shares in large blocks of 25,000 shares called “Creation Units” on a continuous basis, at NAV, with authorized participants who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor. The fund will generally issue and redeem Creation Units in return for a designated portfolio of securities (and an amount of cash) that the fund specifies each day. The fund generally imposes a transaction fee on investors purchasing or redeeming Creation Units. Investors transacting in Creation Units for cash may also pay an additional variable charge to compensate the fund for certain transaction costs and market impact expenses relating to investing in portfolio securities. Such variable charges, if any, are included in Other capital in the Statement of changes in net assets.
Note 5: Initial capitalization and offering of shares
The fund was established as a series of the Trust on May 10, 2022. The fund had no operations other than those related to organizational matters, including the initial capital contribution of $5,000,000 by Putnam Investment Holdings, LLC and the issuance of 100,000 shares on January 19, 2023.
Note 6: Affiliated transactions
Transactions during the reporting period with any company which is under common ownership or control were as follows:
| | | | | |
| | | | | | Shares |
| | | | | | outstanding |
| | | | | | and fair |
| | Fair value as | Purchase | Sale | Investment | value as |
| Name of affiliate | of 4/30/23 | cost | proceeds | income | of 4/30/24 |
| Short-term investments | | | | | |
| Putnam Government | | | | | |
| Money Market Fund | | | | | |
| Class P* | $— | $18,615,700 | $18,615,700 | $1,310 | $— |
| Total Short-term | | | | | |
| investments | $— | $18,615,700 | $18,615,700 | $1,310 | $— |
* Management fees paid by the fund are reduced by an amount equal to the management fees paid by Putnam Government Money Market Fund with respect to assets invested by the fund in Putnam Government Money Market Fund (Note 2). There were no realized or unrealized gains or losses during the period.
Note 7: Market, credit and other risks
In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. Investments in foreign securities involve certain risks, including those related to economic instability, unfavorable political developments, and currency fluctuations. The fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in securitized debt instruments, including mortgage-backed and asset-backed investments. The yields and values of these investments are sensitive to changes in interest rates, the rate of principal payments on the underlying assets and the market’s perception of the issuers. The market for these investments may be volatile and limited, which may make them difficult to buy or sell.
Investing in companies or issuers that exhibit a commitment to ESG factors may result in the fund investing in certain types of companies or issuers that underperform the market as a whole. In evaluating an investment opportunity, Putnam Management may make investment decisions based on information and data that is incomplete or inaccurate. Due to changes in the products or services of the companies and issuers in which the fund invests, the fund may temporarily hold securities that are inconsistent with its ESG investment criteria.
Federal tax information (Unaudited)
The Form 1099 that will be mailed to you in January 2025 will show the tax status of all distributions paid to your account in calendar 2024.
Shareholder meeting results (Unaudited)
October 20, 2023 special meeting
At the meeting, a new Management Contract for your fund with Putnam Investment Management, LLC was approved, as follows:
| | |
| Votes for | Votes against | Abstentions/Votes withheld |
| 2,461,334 | — | — |
At the meeting, a new Sub-Management Contract for your fund between Putnam Investment Management, LLC and Putnam Investments Limited was approved, as follows:
| | |
| Votes for | Votes against | Abstentions/Votes withheld |
| 2,461,334 | — | — |
All tabulations are rounded to the nearest whole number.
* Ms. Murphy is the founder, controlling member, and Chief Executive Officer of Runa Digital Assets, LLC (“RDA”), the investment manager of Runa Digital Partners, LP (“RDP”), a private investment fund. Ms. Murphy also holds a controlling interest in RDP’s general partner and is a limited partner in RDP. A subsidiary of Franklin Templeton and certain individuals employed by Franklin Templeton or its affiliates have made passive investments as limited partners in RDP (one of whom serves on the advisory board for RDA, which has no governance or oversight authority over RDA), representing in the aggregate approximately 33% of RDP as of October 31, 2023. In addition, if certain conditions are met, Franklin Templeton will be entitled to receive a portion of any incentive compensation allocable to RDP’s general partner. For so long as Franklin Templeton maintains its investment in RDP, Ms. Murphy also has agreed upon request to advise and consult with Franklin Templeton and its affiliates on the market for digital assets. Ms. Murphy provides similar service to other limited partners in RDP that request her advice. Ms. Murphy also is entitled to receive deferred cash compensation in connection with her prior employment by an affiliate of Franklin Templeton, which employment ended at the end of 2021. With regard to Ms. Murphy, the relationships described above may give rise to a potential conflict of interest with respect to the Funds.
† Mr. Reynolds is an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the fund and Putnam Management. He is President of your fund and each of the other Putnam funds and holds direct beneficial interest in shares of Franklin Templeton, of which Putnam Management is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary.
‡ Ms. Trust is an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the fund and Putnam Management by virtue of her positions with certain affiliates of Putnam Management.
The address of each Trustee is 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110.
As of April 30, 2024, the Putnam family of funds included 89 mutual funds, 4 closed-end funds, and 12 exchange-traded funds. Each Trustee serves as Trustee of all funds in the Putnam family of funds. Ms. Trust also serves as Trustee of 123 other funds that are advised by one or more affiliates of Putnam Management.
Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term, until his or her resignation, retirement at age 75, removal, or death.
Officers
In addition to Robert L. Reynolds, the other officers of the fund are shown below:
| |
| Kevin R. Blatchford (Born 1967) | Martin Lemaire (Born 1984) |
| Vice President and Assistant Treasurer | Vice President and Derivatives Risk Manager |
| Since 2023 | Since 2022 |
| Director, Financial Reporting, Putnam Holdings | Risk Manager and Risk Analyst, Putnam Management |
| | |
| James F. Clark (Born 1974) | Denere P. Poulack (Born 1968) |
| Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | Assistant Vice President, Assistant Clerk, |
| Since 2016 | and Assistant Treasurer |
| Chief Compliance Officer, Putnam Management | Since 2004 |
| and Putnam Holdings | |
| | Janet C. Smith (Born 1965) |
| Michael J. Higgins (Born 1976) | Vice President, Principal Financial Officer, Principal |
| Vice President, Treasurer, and Clerk | Accounting Officer, and Assistant Treasurer |
| Since 2010 | Since 2007 |
| | Head of Fund Administration Services, Putnam Holdings |
| Jonathan S. Horwitz (Born 1955) | and Putnam Management |
| Executive Vice President, Principal Executive Officer, | |
| and Compliance Liaison | Stephen J. Tate (Born 1974) |
| Since 2004 | Vice President and Chief Legal Officer |
| | Since 2021 |
| Kelley Hunt (Born 1984) | Deputy General Counsel, Franklin Templeton, and |
| AML Compliance Officer | Secretary, Putnam Holdings, Putnam Management, and |
| Since 2023 | Putnam Retail Management |
| Manager, U.S. Financial Crime Compliance, | |
| Franklin Templeton | |
The principal occupations of the officers for the past five years have been with the employers as shown above, although in some cases they have held different positions with such employers. The address of each officer, other than Ms. Hunt, is 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110. Ms. Hunt’s address is 100 Fountain Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716.
Fund information
| | |
| Investment Manager | Trustees | Michael J. Higgins |
| Putnam Investment | Kenneth R. Leibler, Chair | Vice President, Treasurer, |
| Management, LLC | Barbara M. Baumann, Vice Chair | and Clerk |
| 100 Federal Street | Liaquat Ahamed | |
| Boston, MA 02110 | Katinka Domotorffy | Jonathan S. Horwitz |
| | Catharine Bond Hill | Executive Vice President, |
| Investment Sub-Advisor | Gregory G. McGreevey | Principal Executive Officer, |
| Putnam Investments Limited | Jennifer Williams Murphy | and Compliance Liaison |
| Cannon Place, 78 Cannon Street | Marie Pillai | |
| London, England EC4N 6HL | George Putnam III | Kelley Hunt |
| | Robert L. Reynolds | AML Compliance Officer |
| Distribution Services | Manoj P. Singh | |
| Foreside Fund Services, LLC | Mona K. Sutphen | Martin Lemaire |
| Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 | Jane E. Trust | Vice President and |
| Portland, ME 04101 | | Derivatives Risk Manager |
| | Officers | |
| Custodian | Robert L. Reynolds | Denere P. Poulack |
| State Street Bank | President, The Putnam Funds | Assistant Vice President, |
| and Trust Company | | Assistant Clerk, and |
| | Kevin R. Blatchford | Assistant Treasurer |
| Legal Counsel | Vice President and | |
| Ropes & Gray LLP | Assistant Treasurer | Janet C. Smith |
| | | Vice President, |
| Independent Registered | James F. Clark | Principal Financial Officer, |
| Public Accounting Firm | Vice President and | Principal Accounting Officer, |
| PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP | Chief Compliance Officer | and Assistant Treasurer |
| | | |
| | | Stephen J. Tate |
| | | Vice President and |
| | | Chief Legal Officer |
Call 1-833-228-5577 (toll free) Monday through Friday between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time or visit putnam.com or franklintempleton.com anytime for up-to-date information about the fund’s NAV.
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| a) The fund’s principal executive, financial and accounting officers are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the Fund’s investment manager. As such they are subject to a comprehensive Code of Ethics adopted and administered by Putnam Investments which is designed to protect the interests of the firm and its clients. The Fund has adopted a Code of Ethics which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments (Code of Ethics of Franklin Templeton effective March 4, 2024) with respect to all of its officers and Trustees who are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC. For this reason, the Fund has not adopted a separate code of ethics governing its principal executive, financial and accounting officers. |
| |
| (c) In connection with the acquisition of Putnam Investments by Franklin Templeton, the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics was amended effective January 1, 2024 to reflect revised compliance processes, including: (i) Compliance with the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics will be viewed as compliance with the Franklin Templeton Code for certain Putnam employees who are dual-hatted in Franklin Templeton advisory entities (ii) Certain Franklin Templeton employees are required to hold shares of Putnam mutual funds at Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and (iii) Certain provisions of the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics are amended that are no longer needed due to organizational changes. Effective March 4, 2024, the majority of legacy Putnam employees transitioned to Franklin Templeton policies outlined in the Franklin Templeton Code. |
| |
| Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert: |
| |
| The Funds’ Audit, Compliance and Risk Committee is comprised solely of Trustees who are “independent” (as such term has been defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in regulations implementing Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (the “Regulations”)). The Trustees believe that each member of the Audit, Compliance and Risk Committee also possesses a combination of knowledge and experience with respect to financial accounting matters, as well as other attributes, that qualifies him or her for service on the Committee. In addition, the Trustees have determined that each of Dr. Hill and Mr. Singh qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” (as such term has been defined by the Regulations) based on their review of his or her pertinent experience and education.The SEC has stated, and the funds’ amended and restated agreement and Declaration of Trust provides, that the designation or identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert pursuant to this Item 3 of Form N-CSR does not impose on such person any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations and liability imposed on such person as a member of the Audit, Compliance and Risk Committee and the Board of Trustees in the absence of such designation or identification. |
| |
| Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services: |
| |
| The following table presents fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for services rendered to the fund by the fund’s independent auditor: |
| | | | | |
| Fiscal year ended | Audit Fees | Audit-Related Fees | Tax Fees | All Other Fees |
|
|
| | | | | |
| April 30, 2024 | $21,026 | $ — | $3,293 | $ — |
| April 30, 2023 | $20,034 | $ — | $2,226 | $ — |
| |
| For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, the fund’s independent auditor billed aggregate non-audit fees in the amounts of $667,656 and $244,237 respectively, to the fund, Putnam Management and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with Putnam Management that provides ongoing services to the fund. |
| |
| Audit Fees represent fees billed for the fund’s last two fiscal years relating to the audit and review of the financial statements included in annual reports and registration statements, and other services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. |
| |
| Audit-Related Fees represent fees billed in the fund’s last two fiscal years for services traditionally performed by the fund’s auditor, including accounting consultation for proposed transactions or concerning financial accounting and reporting standards and other audit or attest services not required by statute or regulation. |
| |
| Tax Fees represent fees billed in the fund’s last two fiscal years for tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice services. Tax planning and tax advice services include assistance with tax audits, employee benefit plans and requests for rulings or technical advice from taxing authorities. |
| |
| Pre-Approval Policies of the Audit, Compliance and Risk Committee. The Audit, Compliance and Risk Committee of the Putnam funds has determined that, as a matter of policy, all work performed for the funds by the funds’ independent auditors will be pre-approved by the Committee itself and thus will generally not be subject to pre-approval procedures. |
| |
| The Audit, Compliance and Risk Committee also has adopted a policy to pre-approve the engagement by Putnam Management and certain of its affiliates of the funds’ independent auditors, even in circumstances where pre-approval is not required by applicable law. Any such requests by Putnam Management or certain of its affiliates are typically submitted in writing to the Committee and explain, among other things, the nature of the proposed engagement, the estimated fees, and why this work should be performed by that particular audit firm as opposed to another one. In reviewing such requests, the Committee considers, among other things, whether the provision of such services by the audit firm are compatible with the independence of the audit firm. |
| |
| The following table presents fees billed by the fund’s independent auditor for services required to be approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2–01 of Regulation S-X. |
| | | | | |
| Fiscal year ended | Audit-Related Fees | Tax Fees | All Other Fees | Total Non-Audit Fees |
|
|
| April 30, 2024 | $ — | $664,363 | $ — | $ — |
| April 30, 2023 | $ — | $242,011 | $ — | $ — |
| |
| Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants |
| |
| Item 6. Schedule of Investments: |
| |
| The registrant’s schedule of investments in unaffiliated issuers is included in the report to shareholders in Item 1 above. |
| |
| Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures For Closed-End Management Investment Companies: |
| |
| Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Investment Companies |
| |
| Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Companies and Affiliated Purchasers: |
| |
| Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders: |
| |
| Item 11. Controls and Procedures: |
| |
| (a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report, that the design and operation of such procedures are generally effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. |
| |
| (b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting: Not applicable |
| |
| Item 12. Disclosures of Securities Lending Activities for Closed-End Management Investment Companies: |
| |
| Item 13. Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation. |
| |
| (a)(1) The Code of Ethics of The Putnam Funds, which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments, is filed herewith |
| |
| (a)(2) Any policy required by the listing standards adopted pursuant to Rule 10D-1 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.10D-1) by the registered national securities exchange or registered national securities association upon which the registrant’s securities are listed. Not Applicable |
| |
| Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. |
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| By (Signature and Title): |
| |
| /s/ Janet C. Smith
Janet C. Smith
Principal Accounting Officer
|
| |
| Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. |
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| By (Signature and Title): |
| |
| /s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
Jonathan S. Horwitz
Principal Executive Officer
|
| |
| By (Signature and Title): |
| |
| /s/ Janet C. Smith
Janet C. Smith
Principal Financial Officer
|
