For the three months ended June 30, 2023, investment income was $2.6 million, all of which was attributable to interest and fees on our debt investments and dividend income.
Expenses
Total expenses before expense reimbursement and incentive and management fee waivers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $1.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively, consisting primarily of income based incentive fees, management fees, custodian and accounting fees, trustees’ fees, pricing fees, professional fees, transfer agent’s fees and expenses, shareholder’s reports and other general and administrative fees. The increase in total expenses from the three months ended June 30, 2023 primarily related to an increase in professional, management and incentive fees due to an increased cost of servicing a larger investment portfolio.
Total expenses before expense reimbursement for the three months ended June 30, 2023 were $595 thousand, consisting primarily of custodian and accounting fees, trustees’ fees, pricing fees, transfer agent’s fees and expenses, shareholder’s reports, professional fees, and other general and administrative fees.
The expense reimbursement amount represents the amount of expenses waived by the Manager in accordance with the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Fund accrued income based incentive fees of $212 thousand and $397 thousand, respectively, all of which were subject to waiver by the Manager. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Fund accrued income based incentive fees of $185 thousand, which were subject to waiver by the Manager.
For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Fund accrued management fees of $118 thousand, all of which were subject to waiver by the Manager. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Fund did not accrue any management fees.
Net realized gain (loss) and Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Fund reported realized gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions of $(1) thousand and $6 thousand, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Fund reported a realized gains from forward currency contracts of $58 thousand and $50 thousand, respectively.
The Fund recorded a net change in unrealized appreciation of $67 thousand and $189 thousand, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, which reflects the net change in fair value of the investment portfolio relative to its cost basis over the period, forward currency contract transactions and foreign currency transactions.
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Fund reported realized gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions of $(5) thousand. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Fund reported realized gains from forward currency contracts of $(8) thousand.
The Fund recorded a net change in unrealized appreciation of $59 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023, which reflects the net change in fair value of the investment portfolio relative to its cost basis over the period, forward currency contract transactions and foreign currency transactions.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity and capital resources are generated primarily through the net proceeds of our offering of the Fund’s Common Shares, any financing arrangements we may enter into in the future, and cash flows from operations, including investments sales and repayments and income earned from investments and cash equivalents. The primary uses of cash have been investments in portfolio companies and other general corporate purposes.
Our primary uses of cash are expected to be for investments in portfolio companies and other investments, distributions to our shareholders, for operational costs such as paying management and incentive fees, custodian and accounting fees and for the cost of any borrowings or financing arrangements.