For the year ended December 31, 2022, our finance costs consisted primarily of interest expense of $919,446, loss from foreign exchange translation of $133,181, and loss from foreign currency translation of $68,204.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, our finance costs consisted of interest expense of $1,876,001, loss from foreign exchange translation of $78,570 and loss from foreign currency translation of $41,865.
Other income
Our other income increased by 782.4% to $5,199,803 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $589,255 for the year ended December 31, 2021, mainly due to $5,144,961 miscellaneous income from recognition of gain from goods returned from previous year’s sales.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, our other income consisted of miscellaneous (including recognition of gain from goods returned from previous year’s sales) of $5,197,964 and dividend income of $1,839.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, other income consisted of miscellaneous income of $753,200, income from disposal of related companies of $7,202 and loss from equity method investment of $(171,147).
Other expenses
Our other expenses decreased significantly by 61.3% to $15,169,616 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $39,211,769 for the year ended December 31, 2021, mainly due to a decrease in loss from disposal of investment in subsidiaries, and other allowance for other receivables and prepayments.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, other expenses consisted of loss from inventory impairment of $5,645,992, impairment loss from intangible assets of $3,902,589, and loss from disposal of tangible assets of $3,246,343.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, our other expenses consisted of loss from disposal of investment in subsidiaries of $13,318,419, other allowance for other receivables and prepayments of $10,127,381, loss from inventory impairment of $8,415,311, miscellaneous loss of $5,267,980 (related to loss due to join guarantees provided for subsidiaries), loss from equity method investment of $1,518,115 and impairment loss from intangible assets of $564,563.
Loss before tax
Our loss before tax decreased by 85.3% to $(9,403,864) for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to loss before tax of $(63,986,689) for the year ended December 31, 2021, mainly due to decreased operating loss by $24,937,744, resulting from increase in gross profit by $7,401,568 and decrease in SG&A expense by $17,536,176 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. In addition the net increase of $29,645,081 from non-operating income and expenses also contributed to the decrease in loss before tax.
Corporate income tax expense (benefit)
Our corporate income tax expense (benefit) decreased by 58.0% to $(1,511,696) for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $(3,599,507) for the year ended December 31, 2021, mainly due to the Company’s and G-SMATT Europe’s aggregate income tax refunds.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, our corporate income tax benefit consisted of changes in deferred tax assets due to temporary differences of $(1,031,269), other expenses (including the Company’s and G-SMATT Europe’s aggregate income tax refunds) of $(651,645), and corporate tax expense directly reflected in capital of $171,218.
301