, 2023
Page 9
261 Ind. at 289, 302 N.E.2d at 774.3
In invalidating the statutory provision under the Takings Clause, Pulos did not appear to consider the possible alternative of upholding the provision’s constitutional validity under the Indiana Contracts Clause but requiring Takings Clause compensation. Further, based on our review of reported Indiana decisions, we believe it more likely that an Indiana court evaluating the validity of State Legislative Action that constituted a Taking would focus its analysis on the Indiana Contracts Clause rather than the Indiana Takings Clause.
That said, however, Pulos would support an argument that if a Legislative Action that constitutes a Taking is found permissible under the Indiana Contracts Clause, the State would be required to pay just compensation under the Indiana Takings Clause. And because, as noted, the Indiana Supreme Court has held that “the state and federal takings clauses … are to be analyzed identically” (Kimco, 902 N.E.2d at 210), the Federal Takings Clause authorities addressed, and analysis set forth, in the Baker Botts L.L.P. opinion letter of even date herewith apply with equal force to Indiana Takings Clause analysis.
It is therefore our opinion, subject to all of the qualifications, limitations, and assumptions set forth in this opinion letter, that, under the Indiana Takings Clause, a reviewing court of competent jurisdiction would hold that the State would be required to pay just compensation to the Securitization Bondholders if the State takes Legislative Action that repeals, amends or violates the Securitization Pledge, takes other action in contravention of the Securitization Pledge, or takes action to rescind or amend the Financing Order in contravention of the Securitization Pledge and such court concludes that such action constituted a Taking.
As with analysis of Indiana Contracts Clause issues, analysis of Indiana Takings Clause issues will obviously depend on the pertinent facts and circumstances of a given situation. Further, there is no guarantee that any compensation awarded under the Indiana Takings Clause will fully or adequately compensate a damaged party for all the damages it may have incurred as a result of a Taking.
GENERAL MATTERS
Our opinions with respect to the law of the State of Indiana do not include any opinions with respect to pension and employee benefit laws and regulations, antitrust and unfair competition laws and regulations, tax laws and regulations, health and safety laws and regulations, labor laws and regulations, securities laws and regulations, or environmental laws, regulations and codes, federal patent, trademark and copyright, state trademark, and other federal and state intellectual property laws and regulations.
Judicial analysis of the issues addressed in this opinion letter and the retroactive effect to be given to judicial decisions typically proceeds on a case-by-case basis. Courts’ determinations, in most instances, are strongly influenced by the facts and circumstances of the particular case.
3 | The other Indiana constitutional section cited by Pulos provides: “The General Assembly shall not grant to any citizen, or class of citizens, privileges or immunities which, upon the same terms, shall not equally belong to all citizens.” IND. CONST. art 1, § 23. |
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