Common Stock for the ratification of the appointment of KPMG LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019, if you do not timely provide your proxy because this matter is considered "routine" under the applicable rules. However, no other items are considered "routine" and may not be voted on by your nominee without your instruction.
For all items other than the ratification of the appointment of our independent registered public accounting firm, brokers holding shares of Common Stock must vote according to specific instructions they receive from the beneficial owners of those shares because the NYSE precludes brokers from exercising voting discretion on certain proposals without specific instructions from the beneficial owner as to how to vote. Brokers cannot vote on Proposal 1 (Election of Directors) or Proposal 3 (Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation) without instructions from the beneficial owners. If you do not instruct your broker how to vote with respect to Proposal 1 or Proposal 3, your broker will not vote for you with respect to those items. A broker non-vote occurs when the broker or other entity is unable to vote on a proposal because the proposal is non-routine and the beneficial owner does not provide any voting instructions.
Abstentions are included in the determination of the number of shares of Common Stock represented at the Annual Meeting for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present. Abstentions are not counted for purposes of determining whether the proposal to elect directors has been approved. Abstentions are counted as a vote "against" when determining if the other proposals have been approved.
Broker non-votes are included in the determination of the number of shares of Common Stock represented at the Annual Meeting for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present and are not counted for purposes of determining whether a proposal has been approved. Broker non-votes occur when a beneficial owner who holds shares of Common Stock through a broker does not provide the broker with voting instructions as to any matter on which the broker is not permitted to exercise its discretion and vote without specific instruction.
What constitutes a quorum?
To carry on the business of the meeting, there must be a quorum of shareholders present. The holders of at least a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock must be represented in person or by proxy at the meeting for a quorum to be present.
What vote is required to approve each of the proposals?
Proposal 1 - Election of Directors - Under our majority voting policy, in an uncontested election, if a director nominee does not receive a majority of the votes cast in the election (that is, the director nominee receives a greater number of "against" or "withhold" votes than "for" votes), the director nominee is required to tender his or her resignation for consideration by the Board’s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Board. Assuming a quorum is present, directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast at the meeting. Please see "Corporate Governance—Majority Voting Policy" below for further details on our majority voting policy.
Proposal 2 - Ratification of the Appointment of the Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Common Stock entitled to vote on the proposal and represented in person or by proxy at the meeting is required to ratify the selection of KPMG LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019.
Proposal 3 - Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation - The outcome of the advisory vote on the Company’s executive compensation will not be binding on the Board’s Compensation Committee or the Board. Therefore, there is no "required vote" on this proposal. The Compensation Committee and the Board will consider the outcome of the advisory vote in determining how to proceed following such vote. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Common Stock entitled to vote on the proposal and represented in person or by proxy at the meeting will be considered as the approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our Named Executive Officers ("NEOs").
Who conducts the proxy solicitation, and how much will it cost?
The cost of soliciting proxies, including a fee of $7,000 plus expenses to Georgeson LLC, which will help the Company solicit proxies, will be paid by the Company. In addition to the use of the mail, proxies may be solicited by telephone, fax, and other electronic means or in person by the Board, officers, employees, and other agents of the Company. The Company will reimburse brokers, banks, and other persons for reasonable expenses in forwarding the Notice of the Meeting to beneficial owners and forwarding printed proxy materials by mail to beneficial owners who specifically request them.