Maxwell 10K 2015 Annual report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)



x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-15477

MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		95-2390133
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3888 Calle Fortunada San Diego, California		92123
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 503-3300

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share		Nasdaq Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ¨ NO x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES ¨ NO x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer x	Non-accelerated filer ¨	Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES ¨ NO x

The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2015 based on the closing price of the common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market was $186,068,190.

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of February 12, 2016, was 31,849,932 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the proxy statement for the registrant’s annual meeting of stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. The Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

Table of Contents

MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015



		Page

	PART I

Item 1.	Business	2

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	14

Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	24

Item 2.	Properties	24

Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	26

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27

	PART II

Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	28

Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	30

Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31

Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	45

Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	46

Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	80

Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	80

Item 9B.	Other Information	82

	PART III

Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	83

Item 11.	Executive Compensation	83

Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters	83

Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	83

Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	83

	PART IV

Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	84

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Maxwell,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Maxwell Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All references to “Maxwell SA” refer to our Swiss Subsidiary, Maxwell Technologies, SA.

Some of the statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference discuss our plans and strategies for our business or make other forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “will,” “continue,” “seek,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying them. These forward-looking statements reflect the current views and beliefs of our management; however, various risks, uncertainties and contingencies could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, our statements. Such risks, uncertainties and contingencies include, but are not limited to, the following:


•	our ability to remain competitive and stimulate customer demand through successful introduction of new products, and to educate our prospective customers on the products we offer;


•	dependence upon the sale of products to a small number of customers and vertical markets, some of which are heavily dependent on government funding or government subsidies which may or may not continue in the future;


•	dependence upon the sale of products into Asia and Europe, where macroeconomic factors outside our control may adversely affect our sales;


•	downward pressures on product pricing from increased competition and potential shift in sales mix with respect to low margin and high margin business;

•

risks related to our international operations including, but not limited to, our ability to adequately comply with the changing rules and regulations in countries where our business is conducted, our ability to oversee and control our foreign subsidiaries and their operations, our ability to effectively manage foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations arising from our international operations, and our ability to continue to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act as well as the anti-bribery laws of foreign jurisdictions;


•	risk that activist stockholders attempt to effect changes to our company which could adversely affect our corporate governance;


•	risk that our restructuring efforts may not be successful and that we may not be able to realize the anticipated cost savings and other benefits;


•	successful acquisition, development and retention of key personnel;


•	our ability to effectively manage our reliance upon certain suppliers of key component parts, specialty equipment and logistical services;


•	our ability to match production volume to actual customer demand;


•	our ability to manage product quality problems;


•	our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and to defend claims against us;


•	our ability to effectively identify, enter into, manage and benefit from strategic alliances;


•	occurrence of a catastrophic event at any of our facilities;


•	occurrence of a technology systems failure, network disruption, or breach in data security;


•	our ability to obtain sufficient capital to meet our operating or other needs; and,


•	our ability to manage and minimize the impact of unfavorable legal proceedings.

Many of these factors are beyond our control. Additionally, there can be no assurance that we will not incur new or additional unforeseen costs or risks in connection with the ongoing conduct of our business. Accordingly, any forward-looking statements included herein do not purport to be predictions of future events or circumstances and may not be realized.

For a discussion of important risks associated with an investment in our securities, including factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations referred to in the forward-looking statements, see Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this document. We do not have any obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

PART I


Item 1.	Business

Introduction

Maxwell was incorporated under the name Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. in 1965. The Company made an initial public offering of common stock in 1983, and changed its name to Maxwell Technologies, Inc. in 1996. Today, we develop, manufacture and market energy storage and power delivery products for transportation, industrial, information technology and other applications and microelectronic products for space and satellite applications. Our products are designed and manufactured to perform reliably with minimal maintenance for the life of the applications into which they are integrated. We believe that this “life-of-the-application” reliability gives our products a competitive advantage and enables them to command higher profit margins than commodity products. We focus on the following lines of high-reliability products:

•

Ultracapacitors: Our primary focus, ultracapacitors, are energy storage devices that possess a unique combination of high power density, extremely long operational life and the ability to charge and discharge very rapidly. Our ultracapacitor cells, multi-cell packs and modules provide highly reliable energy storage and power delivery solutions for applications in multiple industries, including automotive, bus, rail and truck in transportation, and grid energy storage and wind in renewable energy.

•

High-Voltage Capacitors: Our CONDIS^® high-voltage capacitors are designed and manufactured to perform reliably for decades in all climates. These products include grading and coupling capacitors and electric voltage transformers that are used to ensure the safety and reliability of electric utility infrastructure and other applications involving transport, distribution and measurement of high-voltage electrical energy.

•

Radiation-Hardened Microelectronic Products: Our radiation-hardened microelectronic products for satellites and spacecraft include single board computers and components, such as high-density memory and data conversion modules. Many of these products incorporate our proprietary RADPAK^® packaging and shielding technology and novel architectures that enable them to withstand the effects of environmental radiation and perform reliably in space.

General Product Line Overview

Ultracapacitors

Ultracapacitors enhance the efficiency and reliability of devices or systems that generate or consume electrical energy. They differ from other energy storage and power delivery products in that they combine rapid charge/discharge capabilities typically associated with film and electrolytic capacitors with energy storage capacity generally associated with batteries. Although batteries store significantly more electrical energy than ultracapacitors, they cannot charge and discharge as rapidly and efficiently as ultracapacitors. Conversely, although electrolytic capacitors can deliver bursts of high power very rapidly, they have extremely limited energy storage capacity, and therefore cannot sustain power delivery for as much as a full second. Also, unlike batteries, which store electrical energy by means of a chemical reaction and experience gradual depletion of their energy storage and power delivery capability over hundreds to a few thousand charge/discharge cycles, ultracapacitors’ energy storage and power delivery mechanisms involve no chemical reaction, so they can be charged and discharged hundreds of thousands to millions of times with minimal performance degradation. This ability to store energy, deliver bursts of power and perform reliably for many years with little or no maintenance makes ultracapacitors an attractive energy-efficiency option for a wide range of energy-consuming and generating devices and systems.

Based on potential volumes, we believe that the transportation industry represents the largest current market opportunity for ultracapacitors. Transportation applications include braking energy recuperation and torque-augmentation systems for hybrid-electric buses, trucks and autos and electric rail vehicles, vehicle power network smoothing and stabilization, engine starting systems for internal combustion vehicles and burst power for stop-start idle elimination systems.

Our ultracapacitor products have become a standard and often preferred energy storage solution for transportation applications such as hybrid-electric transit buses and electric rail systems and industrial electronics applications such as wind energy, automated utility meters in smart grid systems and backup power for telecommunications and information technology installations.

To reduce manufacturing cost and improve the performance of our ultracapacitor products, we developed a proprietary, solvent-free, process to produce the carbon film electrode material that enhances product performance and durability and enables a favorable cost position versus competitors. As part of our offerings, we market electrode material to other ultracapacitor manufacturers. We have licensed our proprietary cell architecture to manufacturers in China, Taiwan and Korea to expand and accelerate acceptance of ultracapacitor products in large and rapidly growing global markets.

High-Voltage Capacitors

High-voltage grading and coupling capacitors and electronic voltage transformers are used mainly in the electric utility industry. Grading and coupling capacitors are key components of circuit breakers that prevent high-voltage arcing that can damage switches, step-down transformers and other equipment that transmits or distributes high-voltage electrical energy within electricity network infrastructure and also within high-voltage laboratories. Electronic voltage transformers measure voltage and power levels within electric utility infrastructure. The market for these products consists of expansion, upgrades and maintenance of existing infrastructure and new infrastructure installations in developing countries. Such initiatives are capital-intensive and frequently are subject to regulation, availability of government funding and prevailing economic conditions. North America has a large installed base of fragmented electric utility infrastructure, and has experienced power interruptions and supply problems. Utility deregulation, government budget deficits, and other factors have limited recent capital spending in what historically has been a very large market for utility infrastructure components. We believe that consolidation and changes in market dynamics will generate new opportunities. Projects to increase the availability of electrical energy in developing countries as well as infrastructure modernization and renovation in already developed countries may continue to increase demand for our high-voltage products and solutions in the years to come.

Radiation-Hardened Microelectronics

Radiation-hardened microelectronic products are used almost exclusively in space and satellite applications. Because satellites and spacecraft are extremely expensive to manufacture and launch, and space missions typically span years or even decades, and because it is impractical or impossible to repair or replace malfunctioning parts, the industry demands electronic components that are virtually failure-free. As satellites and spacecraft routinely encounter ionizing radiation from solar flares and other natural sources, onboard microelectronic components must be able to withstand such radiation and continue to perform reliably. For that reason, suppliers of components for space applications historically used only special radiation-hardened silicon in the manufacture of such components. However, the space market is relatively small and the process of producing “rad-hard” silicon is long and very expensive. In addition, because it takes several years to produce a rad-hard version of a new semiconductor, components using rad-hard silicon many times are several generations behind their current commercial counterparts in terms of density, processing power and functionality.

To address the performance gap between rad-hard and commercial silicon and provide components with both increased functionality and significantly greater processing power, Maxwell and a few other specialty components suppliers have developed shielding, packaging, and other radiation mitigation techniques that allow sensitive commercial semiconductors to withstand space radiation effects and perform as reliably as components incorporating rad-hard semiconductors. Although this market is limited in size, the value proposition for high-performance, radiation-tolerant, components enables us to generate profit margins much higher than those for commodity electronic components.

We are exploring opportunities to sell the net assets associated with our microelectronics product line which, if successful, could provide us with a cash infusion to support ongoing operations as well as investments in our business.

Business Strategy

Our primary objective is to significantly increase our revenue and profit margins by creating and satisfying demand for ultracapacitor-based energy storage and power delivery solutions. To accomplish this, we are focusing on:

Establishing and expanding market opportunities for ultracapacitors by:


•	Collaborating with key existing and prospective customers to develop ultracapacitor-based solutions for high-volume and high-value applications;


•	Demonstrating the efficiency, durability and safety of our ultracapacitor products through extensive internal and third-party testing;


•	Integrating mathematical models for ultracapacitors into simulation software used by system designers;


•	Participating in a broad array of working groups, consortia and industry standards committees to disseminate knowledge of, and promote the use of, ultracapacitors;


•	Manufacturing products that are environmentally compatible; and


•	Establishing technical and commercial relationships with value added partners within our target market segments and applications, including value added distributors, solution level integrators and tier 1 suppliers.

Becoming a preferred ultracapacitor supplier by:


•	Being a low-cost producer and demonstrating ultracapacitors’ value proposition;


•	Designing and manufacturing products with “life-of-the-application” durability;


•	Building a robust supply chain through global sourcing;


•	Achieving superior performance and manufacturing quality while reducing product and overall energy system cost;


•	Developing and deploying enabling technologies and systems, including cell balancing and integrated charging systems, among others;


•	Marketing high-performance, low-cost electrode material to other manufacturers; and


•	Establishing and maintaining broad and deep protections of key intellectual property.

We also seek to expand market opportunities and revenue for our high-voltage capacitors and radiation-hardened microelectronic products. While these products address highly specialized applications, we are a technology leader in the market niches they serve, and thus are able to sell our products at attractive profit margins. To maintain and expand this competitive position we are leveraging our technological expertise to develop new products that not only meet the demands of our current markets, but also address additional applications.

Products and Applications

Our products incorporate our know-how and proprietary energy storage and power delivery and microelectronics technologies at both the component and system levels for specialized, high-value applications that demand “life-of-the-application” reliability.

Ultracapacitors

Ultracapacitors, also known as electrochemical double-layer capacitors (“EDLC”) or supercapacitors, store energy electrostatically by polarizing an organic salt solution within a sealed package. Although ultracapacitors are electrochemical devices, no chemical reaction is involved in their energy storage mechanism. Their electrostatic energy storage mechanism is fully reversible, allowing ultracapacitors to be rapidly charged and discharged hundreds of thousands to millions of times with minimal performance degradation, even in the most demanding heavy charge/discharge applications.

Compared with electrolytic capacitors, which have very low energy storage capacity and discharge power overly rapidly to be suitable for many power delivery applications, ultracapacitors have much greater energy storage capacity and can deliver energy over time periods ranging from fractions of a second to several minutes.

Compared with batteries, which require minutes or hours to fully charge or discharge, ultracapacitors discharge and recharge in as little as fractions of a second. Although ultracapacitors store only about five to ten percent as much electrical energy as a battery of comparable size, they can deliver or absorb electric energy up to 100 times more rapidly than batteries. Because they operate reliably through hundreds of thousands to millions of deep discharge cycles, compared with only hundreds to a few thousand equivalent cycles for batteries, ultracapacitors have significantly higher lifetime energy throughput, which equates to significantly lower cost on a life cycle basis.

We link our ultracapacitor cells together in multi-cell modules to satisfy energy storage and power delivery requirements of varying voltages. Both individual cells and multi-cell products can be charged from any primary energy source, such as a battery, generator, fuel cell, solar panel, wind turbine or electrical outlet. Virtually any device or system whose intermittent peak power demands are greater than its average continuous power requirement is a candidate for an ultracapacitor-based energy storage and power delivery solution.

Our ultracapacitor products have significant advantages over batteries, including:


•	the ability to charge and discharge up to 100 times faster;


•	significantly lower weight per unit of power delivery;


•	higher charge/discharge turnaround efficiency, minimizing energy loss;


•	the ability to operate reliably and continuously in extreme temperatures (-40º C to +65º C);


•	minimal to no maintenance requirements;


•	“life of the application” durability; and


•	minimal environmental issues associated with disposal because they contain no heavy metals.

With no moving parts and no chemical reactions involved in their energy storage mechanism, ultracapacitors provide a simple, highly reliable, “solid state-like” solution to buffer short-term mismatches between power available and power required. Additionally, ultracapacitors offer the advantage of storing energy in the same form in which it is used, as electricity.

Emerging applications, including electric power in vehicles, stabilization of renewable power including solar and wind, and highly reliable, maintenance-free, backup power for telecommunications, information technology and industrial installations, are creating significant opportunities for more efficient and reliable energy storage and power delivery products. In many applications, power demand varies widely from moment to moment, and peak power demand typically is much greater than the average power requirement. For example, automobiles require 10 times more power to accelerate than to maintain a constant speed, and forklifts require more power to lift a heavy pallet of material than to move from place to place within a warehouse.

Engineers historically have addressed transient peak power requirements by over-sizing the engine, battery or other primary energy source to satisfy all of a system’s power demands, including demands that occur infrequently and may last only fractions of a second. Sizing a primary power source to meet brief peak power requirements, rather than for average power requirements, is costly and inefficient. When a primary energy source is coupled with ultracapacitors, which can deliver or absorb brief bursts of high power on demand for periods of time ranging from fractions of a second to several minutes, the primary energy source can be smaller, lighter and less expensive.

The following diagram depicts the separation of a primary energy storage source from a peak power delivery component to satisfy the requirements of a particular application. Components that enable this separation allow designers to optimize the size, efficiency and cost of the entire electrical power system.

Peak Power Application Model

Although batteries remain the most widely used component for both energy storage and peak power delivery, ultracapacitors, more advanced batteries and flywheels now enable system designers to separate and optimize these functions. Based in part on our ultracapacitor products’ declining cost, high performance and “life-of-the-application” durability, they are becoming a preferred solution for many energy storage and power delivery applications.

We offer our ultracapacitor cells with capacitances ranging from 1 to 3,400 farads. Applications such as hybrid-electric bus, truck and auto drive trains, electric rail systems , renewables stabilization and uninterruptible power supply systems require integrated energy storage systems consisting of up to hundreds of ultracapacitor cells. To facilitate adoption of ultracapacitors for these larger systems, we have developed integration technologies, including proprietary electrical balancing and thermal management systems and interconnect technologies. We hold patents for certain of these technologies. We offer a broad range of standard multi-cell modules. Our current standard multi-cell products each incorporate from 6 to 60 of our cells to provide “plug and play” solutions for applications requiring from 16 to 160 volts, and these modules are designed to be linked together for higher voltage and higher power applications.

High-Voltage Capacitors

Electric utility infrastructure includes switches, circuit breakers, step-down transformers and measurement instruments that transmit, distribute and measure high-voltage electrical energy. High-voltage capacitors are used to protect these systems from high-voltage arcing. With operational lifetimes measured in decades, these applications require high reliability and durability.

Through our acquisition in 2002 of Montena Components Ltd., now known as Maxwell Technologies SA, and its CONDIS^® line of high-voltage capacitor products, Maxwell has more than 30 years of experience in this industry, and is the world’s largest producer of such products for use in utility infrastructure. Engineers with specific expertise in high-voltage systems develop, design and test our high-voltage capacitor products in our development and production facility in Rossens, Switzerland. Our high-voltage capacitors are produced through a proprietary assembly and automated winding and drying process to ensure consistent quality and reliability. Since our acquisition of this business, we have upgraded and expanded our high-voltage capacitor production facility and high end laboratory to double our output capacity and significantly shorten order-to-delivery intervals.

We sell our high-voltage capacitor products to large systems integrators, which install and service power plants and electrical utility infrastructure worldwide.

Radiation-Hardened Microelectronic Products

Manufacturers of satellites and other spacecraft require microelectronic components and sub-systems that meet specific functional requirements and can withstand exposure to gamma rays, hot electrons and protons and other environmental radiation encountered in space. In the past, microelectronic components and systems for such special applications used only specially fabricated radiation-hardened silicon. However, the process of designing and producing rad-hard silicon is lengthy and expensive, and there are only a few specialty semiconductor wafer fabricators, so supplies of rad-hard silicon are limited. Therefore, there is demand for space-qualified components made with higher-performance, lower-cost commercial silicon, protected by shielding and other radiation mitigation techniques. Producing our components and systems incorporating radiation-protected commercial silicon requires expertise in power electronics, circuit design, silicon selection, radiation shielding and quality assurance testing.

We design, manufacture and market radiation-hardened microelectronic products, including single-board computers and components such as memory and power modules, for the space and satellite markets. Using highly adaptable, proprietary, packaging and shielding technology and other radiation mitigation techniques, we design and manufacture products that allow satellite and spacecraft manufacturers to use powerful, low cost, commercial semiconductors that are protected with the level of radiation mitigation required for reliable performance in the specific orbit or environment in which they are to be deployed.

Manufacturing

Our internal manufacturing operations are conducted in production facilities located in San Diego, California; Peoria, Arizona; and Rossens, Switzerland. We have made substantial capital investments to outfit and expand our internal production facilities and incorporate mechanization and automation techniques and processes. We have trained our manufacturing personnel in advanced operational techniques, added information technology infrastructure and implemented new business processes and systems to increase our manufacturing capacity and improve efficiency, planning and product quality. Our ultracapacitor electrode material is produced at our Peoria facility. We outsource the assembly of our 60 mm diameter large cell ultracapacitors, and subsequently, assembly of large cell-based multi-cell modules to Belton Technology Group (“Belton”), a contract manufacturer with operations in Shenzhen, China. In 2011, Belton installed a new large cell assembly line that doubled its previous production capacity, and a third line was installed in 2013. In 2010, we outsourced assembly of our mid-size D-cell ultracapacitor products and D-cell-based multi-cell modules to Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-Stock Co. Ltd. (“Lishen”), one of China’s largest producers of lithium-ion batteries, based in Tianjin. We believe that we have sufficient capacity to meet near-term demand for all of our product lines.

Ultracapacitors

We produce electrode material for our own ultracapacitor products, and for sale to other ultracapacitor manufacturers such as Yeong-Long Technologies Co., Ltd. (“YEC”) at our Peoria facility. In 2013, we completed a major electrode capacity expansion in our Peoria facility. This facility gives us sufficient capacity to support both our current ultracapacitor production requirements and external electrode demand in the near term. As demand increases, additional increments of electrode production capacity can be added within a year through the utilization of established equipment vendors.

We also produce our engine start module on production lines in our Peoria facility. As noted above, we have outsourced assembly of all other cell types and multi-cell modules to contract manufacturers in Asia. To reduce cost, simplify assembly and facilitate automation, we have designed our ultracapacitor products to incorporate lower-cost materials and to reduce both the number of parts in a finished cell and the number of manufacturing process steps required to produce them. We intend to continue using outsourced cell and module assembly in countries with low-cost labor, but plan to continue to produce our proprietary electrode material only in internal production facilities to ensure protection of our intellectual property.

High-Voltage Capacitors

We produce our high-voltage grading and coupling capacitors and electronic voltage transformers in our Rossens, Switzerland facility. We believe we are the only high-voltage capacitor producer that manufactures its products with stacking, assembly and automated winding processes. This enables us to produce consistent, high quality and highly reliable products, and gives us sufficient capacity to satisfy anticipated global customer demand. We operate the assembly portion of the manufacturing process using a “cell-based,” “just-in-time” design, allowing us to increase production capacity without adding direct labor, and significantly shortening order-to-delivery intervals.

Radiation-Hardened Microelectronics Products

We produce our radiation-hardened microelectronics products in our San Diego production facility. We have re-engineered our production processes for microelectronic products, resulting in substantial reductions in cycle time and a significant increase in yield. This facility maintains the QML-V and QML-Q certifications issued by the Department of Defense procurement agency.

Our microelectronics production operations include die characterization, packaging and electrical, environmental and life testing. As a result of manufacturing cycle time reductions and operator productivity increases achieved over the past several years, we believe that this facility is capable of significantly increasing its current output with minimal additional direct labor or capital expenditure, and therefore, that we have ample capacity to meet foreseeable demand in the space and satellite markets.

Suppliers

We generally purchase components and materials, such as carbon powder, certain electronic components, dielectric materials, silicon die, and ceramic insulators from a number of suppliers. For certain products, we rely on a limited number of suppliers or a single supplier for a number of reasons, including notably, the cost effectiveness of doing business with a single supplier. Although we believe there are alternative sources for some of the components and materials that we currently obtain from a single source, there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify and qualify alternative suppliers in a timely and cost effective manner. Therefore, for certain critical components, we utilize mitigation strategies such as, for example, maintaining an inventory of safety stock on our own premises in an effort to minimize the impact of an unforeseen disruption in supply from these outside parties.

Marketing and Sales

We market and sell our products worldwide through both direct and indirect sales channels for incorporation by integrators and OEM customers into a wide range of end products. Because the introduction of products based on emerging technologies requires customer acceptance of new and unfamiliar technical approaches, and because many OEM customers have rigorous vendor qualification processes, the design-in process and initial sale of our products often takes months or even years.

Our principal marketing strategy is to identify applications for which our products and technology offer a compelling value proposition, to become a preferred vendor on the basis of service and price, and to negotiate supply agreements that enable us to establish long-term relationships with key OEM and integrator customers. As these design-in sales tend to be technical and engineering-intensive, we organize market-specific teams composed of sales, applications engineering and other technical and operational personnel to work closely with our customers across multiple disciplines to satisfy their requirements for form, fit, function and environmental needs. As time-to-market often is a primary motivation for our customers to use our products, the initial sale and design-in process typically evolves into ongoing account management to ensure on-time delivery, responsive technical support and problem-solving.

We design and conduct discrete marketing programs intended to position and promote each of our product lines. These include trade shows, seminars, advertising, product publicity, distribution of product literature, internet websites and “social media.” We employ marketing communications specialists and outside consultants to develop and implement our marketing programs, design and develop marketing materials, negotiate advertising media purchases, write and place product press releases and manage our marketing websites.

We also have an alliance with YEC to assemble and market small cell ultracapacitor products. In addition, we sell electrode material to YEC, both for Maxwell-branded products and for incorporation into YEC’s own ultracapacitor products.

Competition

Each of our product lines has competitors, some of whom have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources, greater name recognition and larger installed customer bases than we have. In some of the target markets for our emerging technologies, we face competition both from products utilizing well-established, existing technologies and other novel or emerging technologies.

Ultracapacitors

Our ultracapacitor products have two types of competitors: other ultracapacitor suppliers and purveyors of energy storage and power delivery solutions based on batteries or other technologies. Although a number of companies are developing ultracapacitor products and technology, our principal competitors in the supply of ultracapacitor or supercapacitor products are Panasonic, a division of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., NessCap Co., Ltd., LS Mtron, a unit of LS Cable, Supreme Power Solutions Co., Ltd., Vina Technology Company, Ltd., Samxon, a unit of Man Yue Technology Holdings, Ltd., Skeleton Technologies, Yunasko, Ltd., and Ioxus, Inc. The key competitive factors in the ultracapacitor industry are price, performance (energy stored and power delivered per unit volume), durability and reliability, operational lifetime and overall breadth of product offerings. We believe that our ultracapacitor products and electrode material compete favorably with respect to all of these competitive factors. However, the hybrid transit vehicle market for ultracapacitors in China, a region which has historically represented a significant portion of our sales, has recently become more competitive with respect to pricing which has caused us to lower our prices to remain competitive. In addition, the recent increase in the number of competitors in the hybrid transit vehicle market in China may drive down our market share.

Ultracapacitors also compete with products based on other technologies, including advanced batteries in power quality and peak power applications, as well as with flywheels, thermal storage and batteries in backup energy storage applications. We believe that ultracapacitors’ durability, long life, performance and value give them a competitive advantage over these alternative choices in many applications. In addition, integration of ultracapacitors with some of these competing products may provide optimized solutions that neither product can provide by itself. For example, tier 1 auto parts supplier Continental AG designed a combined solution incorporating ultracapacitors with a battery for engine starting in a stop-start idle elimination system for “micro hybrid” autos which was introduced in 2010 and installed in more than one million cars by French automaker PSA Peugeot Citroen and was more recently introduced by General Motors for several models under the Cadillac brand.

High-Voltage Capacitors

Maxwell, through its acquisition in 2002 of Montena Components Ltd., now known as Maxwell Technologies SA, with its CONDIS^® line of high-voltage capacitor products, is the world’s largest producer of high-voltage capacitors for use in electric utility infrastructure. Our principal competitors in the high-voltage capacitor markets are in-house production groups of certain of our customers and other independent manufacturers, such as the Coil Product Division of Trench Limited in Canada and Europe and Hochspannungsgeräte Porz GmbH in Germany. We believe that we compete favorably, both as a consistent supplier of highly reliable high-voltage capacitors, and in terms of our expertise in high-voltage systems design. Over the last ten years, our largest customer has transitioned from producing its grading and coupling capacitors internally to outsourcing substantially all of its requirements to us.

Radiation-Hardened Microelectronic Products

Our radiation-hardened single-board computers and components compete with the products of traditional radiation-hardened integrated circuit suppliers such as Honeywell International Inc., BAE Systems plc and Cobham plc. We also compete with commercial integrated circuit suppliers with product lines that have inherent radiation tolerance characteristics, such as Texas Instruments Incorporated, Analog Devices, Inc. and Atmel Corporation in Europe. Our proprietary radiation-hardening technologies enable us to provide flexible, high function, cost-competitive, radiation-hardened products based on the most advanced commercial electronic circuits and processors. In addition, we compete with component product offerings from high reliability packaging houses such as Micross Components, Microsemi Corporation and Teledyne Microelectronics, a unit of Teledyne Technologies, Inc.

Research and Development

We maintain active research and development programs to improve existing products and to develop new products. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our research and development expenditures totaled approximately $24.7 million, compared with $26.3 million and $22.5 million in the years ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. In general, we focus our research and product development activities on:


•	designing and producing products that perform reliably for the life of the end products or systems into which they are integrated;


•	making our products less expensive to produce so as to improve our profit margins and to enable us to reduce prices to allow our products to penetrate new, price-enabled applications;


•	designing our products to have superior technical performance;


•	designing our products to be compact and light; and


•	designing new products that provide novel solutions to expand our market opportunities.

Most of our current research, development and engineering activities are focused on material science, including activated carbon, electrolyte, electrically conductive and dielectric materials, ceramics and radiation-tolerant silicon and ceramic composites to reduce cost and improve performance, reliability and ease of manufacturing. Additional efforts are focused on product design and manufacturing processes for high-volume manufacturing.

Ultracapacitors

The principal focus of our ultracapacitor development activities is to increase power and energy density, reduce internal resistance, extend operational life and reduce manufacturing cost. Our ultracapacitor designs focus on low-cost, high-capacity cells in standard sizes ranging from 1 to 3,400 farads, and corresponding multi-cell modules based on various form factors.

High-Voltage Capacitors

The principal focus of our high-voltage capacitor development efforts is to enhance performance and reliability while reducing the size, weight and manufacturing cost of our products. We also are directing our design efforts to develop high-voltage capacitors for additional applications and solutions.

Microelectronic Products

The principal focus of our microelectronics product development activities is on circuit design, shielding and other radiation-hardening techniques that allow the use of powerful commercial silicon components in space and satellite applications that require ultra-high reliability. We also focus on creating system solutions that overcome the basic failure mechanisms of individual components through architectural approaches, including redundancy, mitigation and correction. This involves expertise in system architecture, including algorithm and microcode development, circuit design and the physics of radiation effects on silicon electronic components.

Intellectual Property

We place a strong emphasis on inventing, protecting and exploiting proprietary technologies, processes and designs which bring intrinsic value and uniqueness to our product portfolio. We place a high priority on obtaining patents to provide the broadest and strongest possible protection for our products, technologies and other strategic initiatives. Our continued success will depend in part on our ability to protect our existing patents and to secure patent protection on developing technologies. As of December 31, 2015, we held 91 issued U.S. patents and 22 published pending U.S. patent applications which relate to our core technologies, processes and designs. Of these issued patents, 64 relate to our ultracapacitor products and technology, 6 relate to our high-voltage capacitor products and technology, and 21 relate to our microelectronics products and technology.

Our pending and any future patent applications may not survive the challenges of patent prosecution in the jurisdictions in which we file throughout the world; however, our strategy is to focus on countries generating revenue as well as markets which we deem key to our business strategies and objectives. We routinely seek patent protection in the United States and the principal countries of Europe and Asia. At present, with the exception of microcode architectures within our radiation-hardened microelectronics product line, we do not rely on licenses from any third parties to produce our products.

Our existing patent portfolios and pending patent applications relate primarily to:

Ultracapacitors


•	compositions of the electrode, including its formulation, design and fabrication techniques;


•	physical cell package designs as well as the affiliated processes used in cell assembly;


•	cell-to-cell and module-to-module interconnect technologies that minimize equivalent series resistance and enhance the functionality, performance and longevity of ultracapacitor products including system level electronics; and


•	module and system designs that facilitate applications of ultracapacitor technology.

Microelectronics


•	system architectures that enable commercial silicon products to be used in radiation-intense space environments;


•	technologies and designs that improve packaging densities while mitigating the effect of radiation on commercial silicon;


•	radiation-mitigation techniques that improve performance while protecting sensitive commercial silicon from the effects of environmental radiation in space; and


•	fault-tolerant computer systems with a plurality of processors which avoid deficiencies typically experienced by similar systems due to ionizing radiation.

High-Voltage Capacitors


•	manufacture of capacitors in a manner which significantly reduces exposure of internal components to impurities, moisture and other undesirable materials in an effort to avoid longer manufacturing times and reduced performance characteristics without these technical advancements.

Historically, our high-voltage capacitor products have been based on our know-how and trade secrets rather than on patents. We filed our first patent application covering our high-voltage capacitor technology in 2003, and we continue to pursue patent protection in addition to trade secret protection of certain aspects of our products’ design and production.

While our primary strategy for protecting our proprietary technologies, processes and designs is related to obtaining patents, we also apply for trademark registrations which identify us as the source of the products. Additionally, we promote our technologies, processes and designs in association with these registered trademarks to further distinguish our products from those of our competitors. As of December 31, 2015, we had 12 formal trademark registrations within the U.S.

Establishing and protecting proprietary products and technologies is a key element of our corporate strategy. Although we attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets and other measures, there can be no assurance that these steps will be adequate to prevent infringement, misappropriation or other misuse by third parties, or will be adequate under the laws of some foreign countries, which may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S.

We use employee and third-party confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements to protect our trade secrets and unpatented know-how. We require each of our employees to enter into a proprietary rights and nondisclosure agreement in which the employee agrees to maintain the confidentiality of all our proprietary information and, subject to certain exceptions, to assign to us all rights in any proprietary information or technology made or contributed by the employee during his or her employment with us. In addition, we regularly enter into nondisclosure agreements with third parties, such as potential product development partners and customers, to protect any information disclosed in the pursuit of securing possible fruitful business endeavors.

Financial Information by Geographic Areas



	Years ended December 31,
	2015				2014				2013
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues from external customers located in:
China	$	87,856	53	%	$	89,143	48	%	$	92,817	48	%
United States	20,836		12	%	23,758		13	%	29,090		15	%
Germany	13,972		8	%	16,384		9	%	25,935		13	%
All other countries ⁽¹⁾	44,708		27	%	57,301		30	%	45,692		24	%
Total	$	167,372	100	%	$	186,586	100	%	$	193,534	100	%

_____________


(1)	Revenue from external customers located in countries included in “All other countries” do not individually comprise more than 10% of total revenues for any of the years presented.



	Years ended December 31,
	2015				2014				2013
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	22,267	69	%	$	28,013	72	%	$	33,740	74	%
China	4,148		13	%	4,991		13	%	5,444		12	%
Switzerland	6,021		18	%	5,663		15	%	6,422		14	%
Total	$	32,436	100	%	$	38,667	100	%	$	45,606	100	%

Revenues by Product Line



	Years ended December 31,
	2015				2014				2013
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Ultracapacitors	$	114,525	68	%	$	135,637	73	%	$	136,277	71	%
High-voltage capacitors	41,718		25	%	40,361		21	%	43,339		22	%
Microelectronic products	11,129		7	%	10,588		6	%	13,918		7	%
Total	$	167,372	100	%	$	186,586	100	%	$	193,534	100	%

Risks Attendant to Foreign Operations and Dependence

We have substantial operations in Switzerland, and we derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales to customers located outside the U.S. We expect our international sales to continue to represent a significant amount of our future revenues. As a result, our business will continue to be subject to certain risks, such as those imposed by domestic laws and regulations related to topics such as export controls and interactions with foreign officials as well as foreign government regulations, including, notably, changes in tax laws, tax treaties, tariffs and freight rates. To the extent that we are unable to respond effectively to political, economic and other conditions in the countries where we operate and do business, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Some of our business partners also have international operations and are subject to the risks described above. Even if we are able to successfully manage the risks of international operations, our business may be adversely affected if our business partners are not able to successfully manage these risks as well.

Having substantial international operations also increases the complexity of managing our financial reporting and internal controls and procedures. Additionally, as a result of our extensive international operations and significant revenue generated outside the U.S., the dollar amount of our current and future revenues, expenses and debt may be materially affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Similarly, assets and liabilities of our Swiss subsidiary that are not denominated in its functional currency are subject to effects of currency fluctuations, which may affect our reported earnings. Also, changes in the mix of income from our domestic and foreign operations, expiration of tax holidays and changes in tax laws and regulations could increase our tax expense. If we are unable to manage these risks effectively, it could impair our ability to achieve our targets for revenues and profitability.

As a result of our status as a publicly traded company within the U.S., we are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), which prohibits companies from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Additionally, as a result of our international operations, we could also be subject to the anti-bribery laws of other jurisdictions which vary slightly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may be different than the FCPA. If we fail to comply with anti-bribery laws and regulations, we could be subject to civil and/or criminal penalties as well as expenses related to any internal investigation.

Backlog

Product backlog as of December 31, 2015 was approximately $18.1 million, compared with $18.9 million as of December 31, 2014. Backlog consists of firm orders for products that will be delivered within 12 months. The actual amount of backlog at any particular time may not be a meaningful indicator of future business prospects as this amount is impacted by a number of factors including potential cancellations of orders by our customers.

Significant Customers

One customer, Shenzhen Xinlikang Supply China Management Co. Ltd., accounted for 19%, 20% and 22% of total revenues in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Government Regulation

Due to the nature of our operations, including, notably, the use of hazardous substances in some of our manufacturing and research and development activities, we are subject to stringent federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations and policies governing workplace safety and environmental protection. These include the use, generation, manufacture, storage, air emission, effluent discharge, handling and disposal of certain materials and wastes. In the course of our historical operations, materials or wastes may have spilled or been released from properties owned or leased by us or on or under other locations where these materials and wastes have been taken for disposal. These properties and the materials and wastes spilled, released, or disposed thereon are subject to environmental laws which may impose strict liability, without regard to fault of the original conduct, for remediation of contamination resulting from such releases. Under such laws and regulations, we could be required to remediate previously spilled, released, or disposed substances or wastes, or to make capital improvements to prevent future contamination. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations also could result in the assessment of substantial administrative, civil and criminal penalties and even the issuance of injunctions restricting or prohibiting our activities. It is also possible that implementation of stricter environmental laws and regulations in the future could result in additional costs or liabilities to us as well as the industry in general. While we believe we are in substantial compliance with existing environmental laws and regulations, we cannot be certain that we will not incur substantial costs in the future.

In addition, certain of our microelectronics products are subject to strict export regulations when they are sold to customers outside the U.S. We routinely obtain export licenses for such product shipments outside the U.S. In certain political situations, the U.S. agencies responsible for administering such export regulations may modify their policies regarding underlying licensing procedures, which could adversely affect our financial results.

Employees

As of December 31, 2015, we had 451 employees in five countries, as follows: 263 full-time, 2 part-time and 35 temporary employees in the U.S.; 84 full-time, 9 part-time and 15 temporary employees in Switzerland; 28 full-time and 4 temporary employees in China; 10 full-time employees in Germany, and 1 full-time employee in Korea. We are unable to estimate the percent of our Swiss employees that are members of a labor union, as Swiss law prohibits employers from inquiring into the union status of employees. We consider our relations with our employees to be amicable.

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our SEC filings are available free of charge to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Our SEC filings are also available free of charge on our website at http://www.maxwell.com as soon as reasonably practicable following the time that they are filed with the SEC. You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The information found on our website is not part of this or any report that we file with the SEC.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed if potentially adverse developments, some of which are described below, materialize and cannot be resolved successfully. In any such case, the market price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock.

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, may also result in decreased revenues, increased expenses or other adverse impacts that could result in a decline in the price of our common stock. You should also refer to the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes.

Our restructuring activities could result in management distractions, operational disruptions and other difficulties.

We have initiated restructuring and other exit activities in an effort to reduce costs and improve operational efficiency, and such efforts are expected to continue in the future. Our restructuring plan includes reductions-in-force, a U.S. manufacturing facility consolidation, and the potential divestiture of a product line. These actions are intended to better align our cost structure with near-term revenue, and also to improve engineering and operational efficiencies throughout the organization. Additional reductions- in-force and senior level employee replacements may be required as we continue to realign our business organization, operations and product lines. Our efforts to consolidate U.S. manufacturing operations may not be successful. For example, we may encounter issues with the quality and performance of products which are manufactured in an alternate facility where certain key manufacturing processes have not been practiced or qualified. Such difficulties, even if managed correctly, could result in delays in the actual consolidation of our manufacturing operations and therefore a delay in realizing anticipated reductions in expenses. Any restructuring efforts could also disrupt our ability to supply products to customers, detriment relationships with customers and other business partners, divert the attention of management away from other priorities, harm our reputation, expose us to increased risk of legal claims by terminated employees, increase our expenses, increase the workload placed upon remaining employees and cause employees to lose confidence in our future performance and decide to leave. In addition, if we continue to reduce our workforce, it may adversely impact our ability to respond rapidly to new growth opportunities or to remain competitive. Further, employees whose positions were or will be eliminated in connection with these restructuring activities or who otherwise determine to leave may seek employment with our competitors, customers or suppliers. Although each of our employees is required to sign a confidentiality agreement with us at the time of employment, which agreement contains covenants prohibiting among other things the disclosure or use of our confidential information and the solicitation of our employees, we cannot guarantee that the confidential nature of our proprietary information will be maintained in the course of such future employment, or that our key continuing employees will not be solicited to terminate their employment with us. We cannot guarantee that any restructuring activities undertaken in the future will be successful, or that we will be able to realize the anticipated cost savings and other anticipated benefits from our restructuring plans.

Unfavorable results of legal proceedings could materially adversely affect us.

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen out of the ordinary conduct of our business and are not yet resolved, and additional claims may arise in the future. Results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Regardless of merit, litigation may be both time-consuming and disruptive to our operations and could cause significant expense and diversion of management attention. From time to time, we are involved in major lawsuits concerning intellectual property, torts, contracts, shareholder litigation, administrative and regulatory proceedings and other matters, as well as governmental inquiries and investigations, the outcomes of which may be significant to our results of operations and may limit our ability to engage in our business activities. In recognition of these considerations, we may enter into material settlements to avoid ongoing costs and efforts in defending or pursuing a matter. Should we fail to prevail in certain matters, or should several of these matters be resolved against us in the same reporting period, we may be faced with significant monetary damages or injunctive relief against us that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. While we have insurance related to our business operations, it may not apply to or fully cover any liabilities we incur as a result of these lawsuits. We record reserves for potential liabilities where we believe the liability to be probable and reasonably estimable. However, our actual costs may be materially different from these estimates.

For example, as articulated in Item 3 - Legal Proceedings, we have several pending legal matters in the form of both government and regulatory investigations. Notably, we received a subpoena from the SEC on June 11, 2015 relating to an investigation into the underlying causes prompting the restatement of our 2011 and 2012 financial statements in 2013. The subpoena requests a range of documents, including documents relating to our revenue recognition practices and associated transactions and business relationships. We are unable at this time to predict the outcome of the investigation. It is possible that the investigation could lead to claims or findings of violations of securities laws. We expect to incur substantial legal and administrative costs in connection with the investigation, and could incur other costs, damages or penalties, depending on the outcome. We are unable at this time to estimate the amount of the possible loss or range of loss that we may incur as a result of the investigation. Further, these lawsuits, including, notably the investigation by the SEC, could be both time-consuming and disruptive to our business and, our reputation could be harmed as a result of the allegations asserted in public statements and court documents throughout the course of the action. Consequently, our financial condition or operating results could be materially adversely affected.

Activist stockholders may attempt to effect changes to our company, which could adversely affect our corporate governance, results of operations and financial condition.

Stockholders may from time to time attempt to effect changes, engage in proxy solicitations or advance stockholder proposals. Responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist stockholders can generally be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the attention of our board of directors and management from the pursuit of business strategies. Additionally, stockholder campaigns could result in corporate governance changes that could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Any perceived uncertainties as to our future direction also could affect the market price and volatility of our securities.

A substantial percentage of our total revenue depends on the sale of products within a small number of vertical markets and a small number of geographic regions, and the decline in the size of a vertical market or reduction of consumption within a geographic region, could impede our growth and profitability.

Sales within a relatively small number of vertical markets and a small number of geographic regions make up a large portion of our revenues. Our ability to grow our sales within this limited number of markets and regions depends on our ability to compete on price, delivery and quality. If a particular market into which we sell experiences a decline, then our customers will decrease their own consumption of our products thereby reducing our revenues. For example, if consumers are no longer accepting of start-stop systems within passenger automobiles, then our direct customers will no longer consume products from us for incorporation into such applications. Additionally, a substantial portion of our revenues stems from sales to customers within a limited number of geographic regions including, notably, China and the United States. If certain factors were to arise including, for example, a catastrophic event or shift in economic health and stability within a particular region, then customers within these regions may reduce their consumption of our products resulting in reduced revenues for us.

Many of our customers are currently the benefactors of government funding or government subsidies.

Our products are currently sold into a limited number of vertical markets, some of which are either directly funded by or partially subsidized with government funding. Our ultracapacitor products provide numerous technology and environmental benefits for many of the applications in which our customers are using these products. As the use of our technology in certain applications is still relatively immature, the costs associated with producing the products is high as compared with the more mature solutions. However, many government entities have determined that they view certain prevailing interests, including, for example, reduction of pollution, to outweigh the economic costs associated with incorporating these clean technologies and therefore are willing to allocate government funding to encourage companies to produce goods which reduce pollution and energy consumption. For example, a large portion of our current ultracapacitor business is concentrated in the Chinese hybrid transit vehicle and wind energy markets, which are heavily dependent on government regulation and subsidy. These markets may experience slower rates of growth when there are changes or delays in government policies and subsidy programs that support our sales into these markets. At the end of 2015, the Chinese government subsidy program which provided subsidies for large diesel-electric hybrid buses was renewed for 2016, but at a reduced reimbursement rate. Additionally, in 2016, the Chinese government put into a place a new subsidy program for medium diesel-electric hybrid buses, however, we are unsure if we will be able to capture the benefit of this new program. For 2016, we may see variability in revenue as a result of uncertainty regarding how the new China government subsidy will impact our sales into the hybrid transit vehicle market.

Similarly, our microelectronics and high-voltage capacitor products are primarily consumed by markets which are either directly funded by or controlled by the respective government bodies in the jurisdictions where our customers do business. For example, our microelectronics products are used in the space community which is ultimately run by the space agencies of the respective governments. Likewise, our high-voltage capacitor products are largely used for electric utility infrastructures which are largely controlled by the respective governments supplying power and electricity to its populations. If these government entities elect to change their policies on government subsidies or decide to cancel or reduce certain government funding programs, then our customers could cancel or reduce orders for our products.

Downward pressures on product pricing or changes to our product mix could adversely impact our financial condition and operating results, and such pressures or changes could even result in loss of revenue in exchange for avoidance of gross margin pressures.

We strive to manage gross margin for the products we sell. There can be no assurance that targeted gross margin percentage levels will be achieved. In general, gross margins will remain under downward pressure due to increased competition as well as a potential shift in our sales mix to lower margin business. For example, if we increase sales of our products into markets which traditionally have lower margin rates than our current business, such as the automotive market, we may be forced to reduce our margins to remain competitive. Further, we are beginning to experience significant downward pricing pressure in the Chinese hybrid transit vehicle market, which has historically represented a significant portion of our sales, as a result of changes in the government subsidy program and other market factors. If our cost reduction efforts do not keep pace with these price pressures, or if we continue to pursue certain vertical markets and reduce our margins to maintain or increase sales, then we could experience degradation in our overall profit margins. In addition, gross margins could be negatively impacted by an increase in raw materials, components and labor costs, or by changes to our product mix.

Our business is subject to risks related to its international operations including the risk that we will be unable to adequately comply with the changing rules and regulations in countries where our business is conducted.

We derive a significant portion of our revenue and earnings from international operations. Such operations outside the U.S. are subject to special risks and restrictions, including: fluctuations in currency values and foreign currency exchange rates, import and export requirements and trade policy, anti-corruption laws, tax laws (including U.S. taxes on foreign subsidiaries), foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions, data privacy requirements, labor laws, anti-competition regulations, and other potentially detrimental domestic and foreign governmental practices or policies affecting U.S. companies doing business abroad. Compliance with these U.S. and foreign laws and regulations increases the costs of doing business in foreign jurisdictions and these costs may continue to increase in the future as a result of changes in such laws and regulations or in their interpretation. Furthermore, we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, but there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, or agents will not violate such laws and regulations or our policies. For example, in 2014, based upon events occurring in the Ukraine, the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Department of Commerce instituted a policy to not issue export licenses for product shipments to Russia. Under this new policy, our products which require export licenses, including, notably, our microelectronics products, are restricted from being shipped to customers within Russia without such export licenses. Any violations of rules and regulations could individually or in the aggregate materially adversely affect our financial condition or operating results. Some of our business partners also have international operations and are subject to the risks described above. Even if we are able to successfully manage the risks of international operations, our business may be adversely affected if our business partners are not able to successfully manage these risks.

Our success could be negatively impacted if we fail to control, oversee and direct foreign subsidiaries and their operations.

We currently own foreign subsidiaries located within Europe and Asia where the employees and cultures represent certain vast differences from employees and cultures within the United States where our corporate headquarters is situated. While the cultural values and philosophies of the people located in Europe and portions of Asia are generally viewed to be in alignment with that of U.S. persons, there are still some significant differences. For example, the respective European data privacy laws take a harsher position regarding the protection of employee personal data and, consequently, there is less information shared with the U.S. parent corporation regarding employees working for our European subsidiaries. Additionally, the human resources and the systems our foreign entities use can be vastly different; notably, our Swiss, German, Korean, and Chinese subsidiaries utilize a primary language other than English for communications. Having substantial international operations also increases the complexity of managing our financial reporting and internal controls and procedures. If we are unable to manage these risks effectively, it could negatively impact our operating performance and our reputation.

Our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates arising from international operations could harm our financial condition and operating results.

As a result of our extensive international operations and significant revenue generated outside the U.S., the dollar amount of our current and future revenues, expenses and debt may be materially affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Our primary exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates relates to non-U.S. dollar denominated sales in Europe as well as non-U.S. dollar denominated operating expenses incurred throughout the world. Weakening of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar will adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of our foreign currency-denominated sales and earnings, and generally could lead us to raise international pricing, potentially reducing demand for our products. In some circumstances, due to competition or other reasons, we may decide not to raise local prices to the full extent to offset unfavorable exchange rate fluctuations, or at all, which would adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of our foreign currency denominated sales and earnings. Conversely, a strengthening of foreign currencies, while generally beneficial to our foreign currency-denominated sales and earnings, could cause us to realize a reduction in our overall gross margin as the U.S. dollar value of our foreign currency-denominated expenses increases. As a result of the recent inflation in the value of the Swiss Franc against many other currencies, the prices for our high-voltage products, which are denominated primarily in Swiss Francs, became less affordable to customers that trade in these other currencies. This may result in a decrease in sales of our high-voltage products, or we could be required to reduce our prices, and thereby our profit margins, to maintain our market share.

Our business activities are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other anti-bribery laws. If we fail to comply with anti-bribery laws and regulations, we could be subject to civil and/or criminal penalties as well as further expenses related to an additional internal investigation.

Due to our status as a U.S. issuer, we are subject to the FCPA, which prohibits companies from making, promising or offering improper payments or other things of value to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or a business advantage. In January 2011, we reached settlements with the SEC and Department of Justice (“DOJ”) with respect to charges asserted regarding certain payments made to an independent third-party sales agent in China for our high-voltage capacitor products produced by our Swiss subsidiary, Maxwell SA. As a result, we were required to pay monetary fines totaling $14.4 million, and to implement additional remedial measures to strengthen our compliance program concerning anti-bribery.

Due to our operations in Switzerland, we are subject to Swiss anti-bribery regulations. In August 2013, our Swiss subsidiary was served with a search warrant from the Swiss federal prosecutor’s office. Based upon our exposure to the case, we believe this action to be related to the same or similar facts and circumstances as the FCPA action previously settled with the SEC and the DOJ. Our failure to achieve a favorable result in these proceedings could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

We depend upon component and product manufacturing and logistical services provided by third parties, many of whom are located outside of the U.S.

Substantially all of our components and products are manufactured in whole or in part by a few third-party manufacturers. Many of these manufacturers are located outside of the U.S. and are all located within a relatively small geographic location. If a catastrophic event occurs within this area, or the social or economic conditions shift within this geography, we could experience business interruptions, delayed delivery of products, or other adverse impacts to our ongoing business. We have also outsourced much of our transportation and logistics management. While these arrangements may lower operating costs, they also reduce our direct control over production and distribution. Such diminished control could have an adverse effect on the quality or quantity of our products as well as our flexibility to respond to changing conditions. In addition, we rely on third-party manufacturers to adhere to the terms and conditions of the agreements in place with each party. For example, although arrangements with such manufacturers may contain provisions for warranty expense reimbursement, we may remain responsible to the customer for warranty service in the event of product defects. Any unanticipated product defect or warranty liability, whether pursuant to arrangements with contract manufacturers or otherwise, could adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and operating results.

To remain competitive and stimulate customer demand, we must introduce and commercialize new products successfully as well as adequately educate our prospective customers on the products we offer.

Our ability to compete successfully depends heavily on our ability to ensure a continuing and timely introduction of innovative new products and technologies to the marketplace. We believe that we are unique in that we are a technology leader for the technologies we deliver and typically must first educate the customer regarding the implementation of our solution in their systems before the customer is capable of designing in our products. As a result, we must make significant investments in research and development efforts as well as sales and marketing efforts, including applications engineering resources. By contrast, many of our competitors, including some which are well capitalized with significant financial resources at their disposal, seek to compete primarily through aggressive pricing and very low cost structures. If we are unable to continue to develop and sell innovative new products or if we are unable to effectively educate the prospective customer on the value proposition offered by the implementation of our products, then our ability to maintain a competitive advantage could be negatively affected and our financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Competition in the energy storage domain has significantly affected, and will continue to affect, our sales.

Many companies are engaged in or are starting to engage in designing, developing and producing energy storage solutions as a consequence of the movement towards clean energy solutions in both the commercial and public sectors. Consequently, more companies are pursuing opportunities in the energy storage domain and are beginning to compete in the markets in which we do business. The success of these new competitors could render our products less competitive, resulting in reduced sales compared with our expectations or past results. Certain companies which recently initiated efforts to enter the markets in which we do business, including, notably, in China, possess greater access to capital resources or utilize different product development strategies which vary in both time to market and innovation methodologies. Consequently, these companies could develop products that are superior to ours, more competitively priced than ours or faster to market than ours. Additionally, significant amounts of U.S. government funds are being invested in the development of batteries with better performance characteristics or lower manufacturing costs than battery technologies currently on the market and, consequently, these new, advanced batteries that include power delivery functionality could compete for market share with our ultracapacitor products. Moreover, as the market leader for certain markets for energy storage, competitors often follow our lead in the advancement of technologies for energy storage or customers attempt to facilitate second sources of comparable products, thereby requiring us to innovate rapidly in order to continue to serve as the market leader. The success of the products offered by our competitors could reduce our market share, thereby negatively impacting our financial results.

The successful management of new market applications and new product and technology introductions will be necessary for our growth.

Given our position as the technology leader for certain products, solutions and technologies we offer, we have a considerable number of new product and technology concepts in the pipeline. A critical component of our growth strategy is dependent upon our ability to effectively and accurately determine which new products, applications or technologies to pursue. Pursuing product or technology applications targeted at a specific customer base should enable our products to cross over from a more narrow range of acceptance by early technology adopters to acceptance by a majority of customers in the application space. Commercial success frequently depends on being the first provider to identify the applicable market opportunities. Consequently, if we are not able to fund our research and development activities appropriately and deliver new products or technologies which address the needs of the markets we serve on a timely basis, our growth prospects will be harmed. Additionally, we must balance the benefits of gaining market acceptance in new or existing markets with the goal of optimizing growth and profitability. That is, it is critical to ensure that the products, technologies and markets we select for development are aimed at large volume or high profile applications which can provide a significant return on our investment. If we fail to identify and pursue the appropriate markets for our products and technologies, our growth potential and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our success depends largely on the acquisition of, as well as the continued availability and service of, key personnel.

Much of our future success depends on the continued availability and service of key personnel, including our senior executive management team as well as highly-skilled employees in technical, marketing and staff positions. Due to the complexity and immaturity of the technologies involved in the products we produce and the markets we serve, we may be unable to find the right personnel with the background needed to serve our goals and objectives. As a market leader for the technologies we develop, there are limited opportunities to hire personnel from competitors or other technology companies with substantial background and experience in our technology fields. Consequently, we seek to hire individuals who are capable of performing well in an environment with limited resources and references to past experiences. We may struggle to find such talented personnel who also thrive in a high growth business atmosphere and who are capable of keeping pace with the rapidly changing environment encouraged by the technologies we create and the markets we serve. These uniquely talented personnel are in high demand in the technology industry and competition for acquiring such individuals is intense. Some of our scientists and engineers are the key developers of our products and technologies and are recognized as leaders in their area of expertise. Without attracting and retaining personnel with the appropriate skill sets, we could fail to maintain our technological and competitive advantage.

Our inability to manage rapid growth in personnel, including development and training of such personnel in an immature industry, as well as to map out succession planning, could impede our success.

Our business has grown rapidly in recent years. This growth has placed, and any future growth would continue to place, a significant strain on our limited personnel, management and other resources, especially when attempting to balance operating expense management with growth objectives. Also, due to the technical expertise needed by our personnel, we face risks related to managing the addition of personnel in such a growth environment. We may fail to accurately gauge the growth in personnel required at the appropriate time without incurring the additional cost of the additional personnel before they are needed. We will also need to determine how to best add this new talent and transfer information and know-how without sacrificing the ongoing demands of the business. For example, each new hire will need to learn quickly about our products and technologies. Since there is limited information available in the public domain, this information will need to be passed from existing personnel to new personnel all while the existing personnel continue to complete their ongoing job duties. Additionally, our ability to grow management talent below the senior executive level will be imperative to achieving our goals. In a smaller organization, the senior executive management team is capable of handling and being involved in several tasks and decision making forums. However, as we make significant progress toward meeting our growth targets, the time constraints will be felt more severely by the senior executive team and some of the tasks they are currently capable of handling on their own will need to be transferred to the management team reporting to them. Accordingly, growing the next level of management and identifying key personnel for succession planning will become critical to our ongoing success.

Our success as a reliable supplier to our customers is highly dependent upon our ability to effectively manage our reliance upon certain suppliers of key component parts, finished goods and specialty equipment.

Because we currently obtain certain key components including, but not limited to binder, separator, paper, aluminum piece parts, die, printed circuit boards and certain finished goods, including, notably, ultracapacitor finished goods, from single or limited sources, we are subject to significant supply and pricing risks. If the particular supplier is unable to provide the appropriate quantity and/or quality of the raw material or the finished goods at the prices required, then we will be unable to produce and deliver our goods to customers, thereby losing out on revenue generation and, potentially, incurring penalties for failing to timely perform. For example, a substantial portion of our revenue is generated from finished goods supplied to us from a single contract manufacturer. If this contract manufacturer is unable to supply the finished goods to us to meet our customer demand, then we could be forced to decline acceptance of customer orders, which could lead to, among other things, a reputation that we are an unreliable supplier and a decline in future demand for our products. Additionally, if we are not aware of potential constraints upon our contract manufacturer for these finished goods before we enter into binding supply commitments with our own customers, then we could be required to pay damages to the customers. While we have established mitigation strategies to attempt to minimize the likelihood and impact of an inability to supply finished goods due to supplier constraints, we cannot be certain that such mitigation strategies will eliminate an adverse effect to our financial condition.

Additionally, we use some custom components that are not common to the rest of the industries served by our suppliers and which are often available from only one source. Also, when a component or product uses new technologies, initial capacity constraints may exist until the particular supplier's yield has matured or manufacturing capacity has increased. Continued availability of these components at acceptable prices, or at all, may be affected if those suppliers decide to concentrate on the production of common components instead of components customized to meet our unique requirements. If the supply of a key single-sourced component for a new or existing product were delayed or constrained, if such components were available only at significantly higher prices, or if a key manufacturing vendor delayed shipments of completed products to us, then our financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Conversely, diversifying our supplier base to ensure that we have multiple suppliers for each key raw material typically involves additional costs including, but not limited to: higher prices for the raw materials as a direct consequence of purchasing lower volumes from each supplier; additional costs associated with qualifying additional suppliers; and increased resource expense in managing an additional supplier for factors including quality, timely delivery and other standards. If we fail to balance the interests between the reliance upon a single supplier and expense associated with diversifying the supply chain base, then our actual gross profit could fail to meet our targets.

Our products and services may experience quality or implementation problems from time to time that could result in decreased sales and operating margin, and could tarnish our reputation.

In the case of our ultracapacitor products, we sell relatively new technology which could contain defects in design or manufacture, or could be implemented incorrectly in the end use application. As a direct consequence of the immaturity of this technology, we are still learning about the technology and the potential quality issues that could arise during operation in certain applications. Additionally, we are still learning, along with our customers, how the products will operate in the systems into which our customers are incorporating our products. Consequently, we are not always capable of anticipating the quality or implementation problems which the products may experience in the field. Products sold into high performance environments such as heavy transportation, automotive markets or grid infrastructure installations could experience additional operating characteristics that could unexpectedly interfere with the intended operation of our products. For example, if the end use application is in an environment which subjects the products to levels of vibration above our internal design and qualification levels, then the products could fail to achieve the customer’s performance requirements. With this sometimes limited understanding of the application and operation of our products in varying end user implementations, our customers may perceive our products as exhibiting quality problems, which could harm our reputation. We strive to respond quickly in addressing the concerns of our customers by modifying our products and assisting our customers in designing new implementation or installation strategies to achieve higher performance characteristics or to satisfy new or modified applications of our products. As such, the release time of next generation products or application solutions can be relatively quick and we may assume additional risks associated with expediting the release of new or modified products.

We are also building our infrastructure to adequately and efficiently handle any potential recall and the reverse logistics involved in returning our products to our facilities in the event that any defects are found. There can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix all defects in the products we sell or will be able to efficiently handle all issues related to product returns or implementation concerns. As we continue to pursue additional vertical markets, we are gaining a better understanding of certain business practices of these markets with respect to potential product recalls. For example, certain portions of the transportation industry are sensitive to product recall issues as they relate to both government regulations as well as customer satisfaction and safety. Failure to successfully prevent a defect in our products which prompts a recall or a failure to successfully manage expenses associated with any recalls could cause lost revenue, harm to our reputation, and significant warranty and other expenses, and result in an adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results.

Efforts to protect our intellectual property rights and to defend claims against us could increase our costs and will not always succeed; any failures could adversely affect sales and profitability and restrict our ability to do business.

Intellectual property (“IP”) rights are crucial to maintaining our competitive advantage and growing our business. We endeavor to obtain and protect our intellectual property rights which we feel will allow us to retain or advance our competitive advantage in the marketplace. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to adequately identify and protect the portions of IP which are strategic to our business. Generally, when strategic IP rights are identified, we will seek formal protection in jurisdictions in which our products are produced or used, jurisdictions in which competitors are producing or importing their products, and jurisdictions into which our products are imported. Different nations may provide limited rights and inconsistent duration of protection for our products. Additionally, we may be unable to obtain protection for or defend our IP in key jurisdictions. For example, the patent prosecution and enforcement system within China is less mature than the systems in other jurisdictions and therefore we may be more limited in our ability to enforce our rights. This disadvantage would likely be compounded by the challenge of any enforcement attempts by us as a foreign entity seeking protection against a Chinese company infringing on our IP in China.

Even if protection is obtained, competitors or others in the chain of commerce may raise legal challenges to our rights or illegally infringe our rights, including through means that may be difficult to prevent or detect. For example, a certain portion of our IP portfolio is related to unique process steps performed during the manufacture of our products which are not readily recognizable in the physical embodiment of the final product. It may be difficult to identify and prove that a competitor is infringing on our rights to such process steps. Further, we are required to divulge certain of our IP to our business partners to enable them to provide quality products or raw materials to us or enable the exploitation and success of strategic partnerships. To the extent that such disclosure occurs in China or other jurisdictions in which the ability to protect IP is more limited, existing or new competitors in this region could begin to use our IP in the development of their own products, which could reduce our competitive edge. Even in jurisdictions in which IP is highly valued, and therefore protected, the financial burden of asserting or defending our IP rights could prove to be cost prohibitive for us thereby putting us in a position in which we must sacrifice our competitive edge.

In addition, because of the rapid pace of technology advancements, and the confidentiality of patent applications in some jurisdictions, competitors may be issued patents stemming from pending patent applications that were unknown to us prior to issuance of the patents. This could reduce the value of our commercial or pipeline products or, to the extent they cover key technologies on which we have unknowingly relied, require that we seek to obtain a license or cease using the technology, no matter how valuable to our business. We may not be able to obtain such a license on acceptable terms. The extent to which we succeed or fail in our efforts to protect our intellectual property will affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our inability to effectively identify, enter into, manage and benefit from strategic alliances, may limit our ability to pursue certain growth objectives and/or strategies.

Our reputation is important to our growth and success. As a leader in an emerging technology industry, we recognize the value in identifying, selecting and managing key strategic alliances. We are mainly focusing our business on the specific products we deliver and pursuit of strategic alliances with other companies could allow us to provide customers with integrated or other new products, services, or technology advancements derived from the alliances. To be successful, we must first be able to define and identify opportunities which align with our growth plan. Additionally, we cannot be certain that our alliance partners will provide us with the support we anticipate, that such alliance or other relationships will be successful in advancing technology, or that any alliances or other relationships will be successful in manufacturing and marketing new or improved products. Our success is also highly dependent upon our ability to manage the respective parameters of all strategic alliances, promote the benefits to us, and to not prohibit or discourage other opportunities which may be beneficial to us in the future. Also, certain provisions of alliance agreements may include restrictions that limit our ability to independently pursue or exploit the developments under such strategic alliances. Currently, we have alliances with several partners both in the U.S. and throughout the world. We anticipate that future alliances may also be with foreign partners or entities. As a result, such alliances may be subject to the political climate and economies of the foreign countries where such partners reside and operate. If the strategic alliances we pursue are not successful, our business and prospects could be negatively affected.

Should a catastrophic event or other significant business interruption occur at any of our facilities, we could face significant reconstruction or remediation costs, penalties, third-party liability and loss of production capacity, which could adversely affect our business.

Weather conditions, natural disasters or other catastrophic events could cause significant disruptions in operations, including, specifically, disruptions at our manufacturing facilities or those of our major suppliers or customers. In turn, the quality, cost and volumes of the products we produce and sell could be unexpectedly, negatively affected, which will impact our sales and profitability. Natural disasters or industrial accidents could also damage our manufacturing facilities or infrastructure, or those of our major suppliers or major customers, which could affect our costs, production volumes and demand for our products. For example, currently, our sole manufacturing facilities for our microelectronics products are located in San Diego, California, an area known for natural wildfires and earthquakes. However, we have implemented certain mitigation strategies to ensure that certain components and processes involved in the manufacture of these component materials and finished goods are somehow temporarily available so as to reduce the impact of such a catastrophic event.

War, terrorism, geopolitical uncertainties, public health issues, and other business interruptions have caused and could cause damage or disruption to international commerce and the global economy, and thus could have a strong negative effect on us, our suppliers, logistics providers, manufacturing partners and customers. Our business operations could be subject to interruption by power shortages, terrorist attacks and other hostile acts, labor disputes, public health issues, and other events beyond our control. Such events could decrease demand for our products, make it difficult or impossible for us to produce and deliver products to our customers, or to receive components from our suppliers, thereby creating delays and inefficiencies in our supply chain. Should major public health issues, including pandemics, arise, we could be negatively affected by more stringent employee travel restrictions, additional limitations in freight services, governmental actions limiting the movement of products between regions, and disruptions in the operations of our manufacturing partners and component suppliers. The majority of our research and development activities, our corporate headquarters, information technology systems, and other critical business operations, including certain component suppliers and manufacturing partners, are in locations that could be affected by natural disasters. In the event of a natural disaster, losses could be incurred and significant recovery time could be required to resume operations and our financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected. While we may purchase insurance policies to cover the direct economic impact experienced following a natural disaster occurring at one of our own facilities, there can be no assurance that such insurance policies will cover the full extent of our financial loss nor will they cover losses which are not economic in nature such as, for example, our business and reputation as a reliable supplier.

We may be subject to information technology systems failures, network disruptions and breaches in data security.

Information technology system failures, network disruptions and breaches of data security could disrupt our operations by impeding the manufacture or shipment of products, the processing of transactions or reporting of financial results, or by causing an unintentional disclosure of confidential information. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data in our data centers and on our networks, including intellectual property, proprietary business information, and personal information of our business partners and employees. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. While management has taken steps to address these concerns by implementing certain data and system redundancy, hardening and fail-over along with other network security and internal control measures, there can be no assurance that the measures we have implemented to date would be sufficient in the event of a system failure, loss of data or security breach. As a result, in the event of such a failure, loss of data or security breach, our financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, and personally identifiable information of our customers and employees, in our data centers and on our networks. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption of our operations and the services we provide to customers, and damage to our reputation, which could adversely affect our financial results and competitive position.

Our ability to match our production plans for our ultracapacitor products to the level of product actually demanded by customers has a significant effect on our sales, costs and growth potential.

Customers' decisions are affected by market, economic and government regulation conditions which can be difficult to accurately gauge in advance. In addition, many of the markets for our ultracapacitor products are within emerging industries as well as within project-oriented business models and, as such, it can be difficult to predict our future customer demand. Failure to provide customers and channel partners with demanded quantities of our products could reduce our sales. Conversely, increased capacity which exceeds actual customer demands for our products increases our costs and, consequently, reduces our profit margins on the products delivered. Although we have implemented policies and procedures for refining our forecasting methods, including a more sophisticated mechanism for gauging the sales pipeline to better project timing of new customer demand, there can be no assurance that these policies and procedures will provide accurate intelligence to align our production plans with customer demands. As a result of all of these factors, we could fail to meet revenue or profit margin targets.

Our reputation could be damaged as a result of negative publicity due to the restatement of prior periods financial statements contained within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, and the underlying business causes of such restatement.

We depend upon our reputation to compete for customers, suppliers, investors, strategic partners and personnel. Unfavorable publicity can damage our reputation and negatively impact our economic performance. Our restatement of our prior periods financial statements contained within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, and the underlying business causes of such restatement, could damage our reputation. For example, on June 11, 2015, we received a subpoena from the SEC requesting certain documents related to, among other things, the facts and circumstances surrounding the restated financial statements. We are currently providing information to the SEC in response to that subpoena and continue to cooperate with the SEC. At this stage, we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this investigation and, consequently, there can be no assurance that unfavorable publicity arising from the forgoing will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may not be able to obtain sufficient capital to meet our operating or other needs, which could require us to change our business strategy and result in decreased profitability and a loss of customers.

We believe that in the future we may need a substantial amount of additional capital for a number of potential purposes in furtherance of our strategic missions and growth objectives. For example, to meet potential growth in demand for our products, particularly for our ultracapacitor products, we will need significant resources for customized production equipment. Further, additional capital may be required to execute on our strategies related to continued expansion into commercial markets, development of new products and technologies, and acquisitions of new or complementary businesses, product lines or technologies. Cash generated by our operations may not be sufficient to cover these investments.

While we currently have access to a credit facility from East West Bank, we must still comply with certain conditions, including, notably, certain financial covenants, in order to have access to such funds. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to change or delay our planned growth, which could result in decreased revenues and profits and loss of customers. Also, if we are to raise additional funds by issuing equity, the issuance of additional shares will result in dilution to our current stockholders. If additional financing is accomplished by the issuance of debt, the service cost, or interest, will reduce net income or increase net loss, and we may also be required to issue warrants to purchase shares of common stock in connection with issuing such debt.

Unfavorable results of legal proceedings could materially adversely affect us.

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen out of the ordinary conduct of our business and are not yet resolved, and additional claims may arise in the future. Results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Regardless of merit, litigation may be both time-consuming and disruptive to our operations and could cause significant expense and diversion of management attention. From time to time, we are involved in major lawsuits concerning intellectual property, torts, contracts, shareholder litigation, administrative and regulatory proceedings and other matters, as well as governmental inquiries and investigations, the outcomes of which may be significant to our results of operations and may limit our ability to engage in our business activities. In recognition of these considerations, we may enter into material settlements to avoid ongoing costs and efforts in defending or pursuing a matter. Should we fail to prevail in certain matters, or should several of these matters be resolved against us upon similar timing, we may be faced with significant monetary damages or injunctive relief against us that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. While we have insurance related to our business operations, it may not apply to or fully cover any liabilities we incur as a result of these lawsuits. We record reserves for potential liabilities where we believe the liability to be probable and reasonably estimable. However, our actual costs may be materially different from these estimates.

For example, as articulated in Item 3 - Legal Proceedings, we have several pending legal matters in the form of both government and regulatory investigations. These investigations could, in addition to requiring the payment of monetary penalties as well as other indemnification obligations, be both time-consuming and disruptive to our business. Additionally, our reputation could be harmed as a result of the allegations asserted in public statements and court documents throughout the course of the action. Consequently, our financial condition or operating results could be materially adversely affected.

Our ability to use our net operating losses is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income, and the absence of significant ownership changes to our common stock.

As of December 31, 2015, we had U.S. federal tax and state tax net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $152.9 million and $61.2 million, respectively. Realization of any benefit from our tax net operating losses is dependent on both our ability to generate future taxable income before our net operating loss carryforwards expire, as well as the absence of certain “ownership changes” to our common stock. An “ownership change,” as defined in the applicable federal income tax rules, would place significant limitations, on an annual basis, on the use of such net operating losses to offset any future taxable income we may generate. The issuance of shares of our common stock, including the issuance of shares of common stock upon future conversion or exercise of outstanding stock options, could cause such an “ownership change.” Such limitations triggered by an “ownership change,” in conjunction with the net operating loss expiration provisions, could effectively eliminate our ability to use a substantial portion of our net operating loss carryforwards to offset any future taxable income.

Our stock price continues to be volatile.

Our stock has at times experienced substantial price volatility due to a number of factors, including but not limited to the various factors set forth in this "Risk Factors" section, as well as variations between our actual and anticipated financial results, announcements by us or our competitors, and uncertainty about future global economic conditions. The stock market as a whole also has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many technology companies in ways that may have been unrelated to these companies' operating performance. Furthermore, we believe our stock price may reflect certain future growth and profitability expectations. If we fail to meet these expectations then our stock price may significantly decline which could have an adverse impact on investor confidence and employee retention.

Anti-takeover provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could prevent certain transactions and could make a takeover more difficult.

Some provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire control of us, even if such change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders. We have a classified board of directors, which means that our directors are divided into three classes that are elected to three-year terms on a staggered basis. Since the three-year terms of each class overlap the terms of the other classes of directors, the entire board of directors cannot be replaced in any one year. Furthermore, our certificate of incorporation contains a “fair price provision” which may require a potential acquirer to obtain the consent of our board to any business combination involving us. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws also contain provisions barring stockholder action by written consent unless first approved by a majority of the disinterested directors, and the calling by stockholders of a special meeting. Amendment of such provisions requires a super majority vote by the stockholders, except with the consent of the board of directors and a majority of the disinterested directors in certain circumstances. The provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could delay, deter or prevent a merger, tender offer, or other business combination or change in control involving us that stockholders might consider to be in their best interests. This includes offers or attempted takeovers that could result in our stockholders receiving a premium over the market price for their shares of our common stock.


Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments

None.


Item 2.	Properties

Our primary operations are located in San Diego, California; Peoria, Arizona; and Rossens, Switzerland. In San Diego, we occupy a 45,000 square foot manufacturing facility under a lease that expires in July 2017. In addition, we have a 36,400 square foot facility in San Diego for our principal research and development operations under a lease that expires in December 2018. We also occupy a 30,500 square foot corporate office located in San Diego under a lease that expires in December 2022 and we have one additional five-year renewal option thereafter. Our Peoria, Arizona facility occupies 123,000 square feet under a lease that expires in June 2022 and we have two additional five-year options thereafter. We also lease a research, manufacturing and marketing facility in Rossens, Switzerland occupying 60,800 square feet under a lease that expires in December 2019 and we have two additional five-year renewal options thereafter.

We have a 9,600 square foot sales office in Shanghai, China under a lease expiring in December 2016, and have a priority right with the landlord to renew the lease term for this facility. We also have small sales offices in Munich, Germany and Seoul, South Korea.

We believe that we have sufficient space to support forecasted increases in production volume and that our facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the foreseeable future. For additional information regarding our expected capital expenditures in fiscal 2016, see Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources.

Over the past several years, we have made substantial capital investments to outfit and expand our internal production facilities and incorporate mechanization and automation techniques and processes. Additionally, we have trained our manufacturing personnel in the necessary operational techniques. With the completion of certain upgrades and expansions in recent years, and other upgrades and capacity expansions currently underway, along with our contract manufacturing relationships with Belton Technology Group and Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-Stock Co. Ltd. in China, we believe that we have sufficient capacity to meet near-term demand for all of our product lines.


Item 3.	Legal Proceedings

FCPA Matter

In January 2011, we reached settlements with the SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) with respect to charges asserted by the SEC and DOJ relating to the anti-bribery, books and records, internal controls, and disclosure provisions of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other securities laws violations. We paid the monetary penalties under these settlements in installments such that all monetary penalties were paid in full by January 2013. With respect to the DOJ charges, a judgment of dismissal was issued in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California on March 28, 2014.

On October 15, 2013, we received an informal notice from the DOJ that an indictment against the former Senior Vice President and General Manager of our Swiss subsidiary had been filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. The indictment is against the individual, a former officer, and not against the Company and we do not foresee that further penalties or fines could be assessed against us as a corporate entity for this matter. However, we may be required throughout the term of the action to advance the legal fees and costs incurred by the individual defendant and to incur other financial obligations. While we maintain directors’ and officers’ insurance policies which are intended to cover legal expenses related to our indemnification obligations in situations such as these, we cannot determine if and to what extent the insurance policy will cover the legal fees for this matter. Accordingly, the legal fees that may be incurred by us in defending this former officer could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operation.

Swiss Bribery Matter

In August 2013, our Swiss subsidiary was served with a search warrant from the Swiss federal prosecutor’s office. At the end of the search, the Swiss federal prosecutor presented us with a listing of the materials gathered by the representatives and then removed the materials from our premises for keeping at the prosecutor’s office. Based upon the our exposure to the case, we believe this action to be related to the same or similar facts and circumstances as the FCPA action previously settled with the SEC and the DOJ. During initial discussions, the Swiss prosecutor has acknowledged both the existence of our deferred prosecution agreement ("DPA") with the DOJ and our cooperation efforts thereunder, both of which should have a positive impact on discussions going forward. Additionally, other than the activities previously reviewed in conjunction with the SEC and DOJ matters under the FCPA, we have no reason to believe that additional facts or circumstances are under review by the Swiss authorities. In late March 2015, we were informed that the Swiss prosecutor intended to inform the parties in April 2015 as to whether the prosecutor’s office would bring charges or abandon the proceedings. However, to date, the Swiss prosecutor has not issued its formal decision. At this stage in the investigation, we are currently unable to determine the extent to which we will be subject to fines in accordance with Swiss bribery laws and what additional expenses will be incurred in order to defend this matter. As such, we cannot determine whether there is a reasonable possibility that a loss will be incurred nor can we estimate the range of any such potential loss. Accordingly, we have not accrued an amount for any potential loss associated with this action, but an adverse result could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operation.

Government Investigations

In early 2013, we voluntarily provided information to the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of California and the SEC related to our announcement that we intended to file restated financial statements for fiscal years 2011 and 2012. On June 11, 2015, we received a subpoena from the SEC requesting certain documents related to, among other things, the facts and circumstances surrounding the restated financial statements. We are providing information to the SEC in response to that subpoena and continue to cooperate with the SEC. At this stage, we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this investigation or whether it will result in any loss. Accordingly, we have not accrued an amount for any potential loss associated with this action, but an adverse result could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operation.

Federal Shareholder Derivative Matter

On April 23, 2013 and May 7, 2013, two shareholder derivative actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, entitled Kienzle v. Schramm, et al., Case No. 13-cv-0966 (S.D. Cal. filed April 23, 2013) and Agrawal v. Cortes, et al., Case No. 13-cv-1084 (S.D. Cal. filed May 7, 2013). The complaints named as defendants certain of our current and former officers and directors and named us as a nominal defendant. The complaints alleged that the individual defendants caused or allowed us to issue false and misleading statements about our financial condition, operations, management, and internal controls and falsely represented that we maintained adequate controls. The complaints asserted causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment. The lawsuits sought unspecified damages, an order directing us to take all necessary actions to reform and improve our corporate governance and internal procedures, restitution and disgorgement of profits, benefits, and other compensation, attorneys' and experts' fees, and costs and expenses.. The court issued an order consolidating the two actions on October 30, 2013 under the heading In re Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Derivative Litigation. On September 19, 2014, the parties entered into a memorandum of understanding concerning settlement of this matter related to certain corporate governance reforms to be implemented and/or maintained by us. On December 10, 2014, the parties signed a stipulation of settlement and on March 16, 2015, the court granted final approval of the settlement and dismissed this action. On July 13, 2015, the court issued an order establishing a fee award of $1.1 million to be paid to the plaintiffs in exchange for the benefit bestowed upon us due to the corporate governance reforms, and on August 10, 2015, our insurance carrier paid this amount in full.

State Shareholder Derivative Matter

On April 11, 2013 and April 18, 2013, two shareholder derivative actions were filed in California Superior Court for the County of San Diego, entitled Warsh v. Schramm, et al., Case No. 37-2013-00043884 (San Diego Sup. Ct. filed April 11, 2013) and Neville v. Cortes, et al., Case No. 37-2013-00044911-CU-BT-CTL (San Diego Sup. Ct. filed April 18, 2013). The complaints named as defendants certain of our current and former officers and directors as well as its former auditor McGladrey LLP. We were named as a nominal defendant. The complaints alleged that the individual defendants made or caused us to make false and/or misleading statements regarding our financial condition, and failed to disclose material adverse facts about our business, operations and prospects. The complaints asserted causes of action for breaches of fiduciary duty for disseminating false and misleading information, failing to maintain internal controls, and failing to properly oversee and manage the Company, as well as for unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, professional negligence and accounting malpractice, and aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty. The lawsuits sought unspecified damages, an order directing us to take all necessary actions to reform and improve our corporate governance and internal procedures, restitution and disgorgement of profits, benefits and other compensation, attorneys' and experts' fees, and costs and expenses. On May 7, 2013, the court consolidated the two actions. On July 2, 2013, we filed a motion to stay the actions pending resolution of the federal derivative actions, which the state court granted on November 1, 2013. As a result of the settlement in the federal derivative action referenced above, the parties filed a joint stipulation to dismiss this matter and, on May 13, 2015, the court signed an order dismissing the matter with prejudice. The deadline to appeal this order lapsed on August 24, 2015.

Shareholder Inspection Letter

On April 9, 2013, Stephen Neville, a purported shareholder of the Company, sent a letter to us seeking to inspect our books and records pursuant to California Corporations Code Section 1601. The demand sought inspection of documents related to our March 7, 2013 announcement that we would be restating our previously-issued financial statements for 2011 and 2012, board minutes and committee materials, and other documents related to our board or management discussions regarding revenue recognition from January 1, 2011 to the present. Pursuant to the stipulation of settlement in the federal shareholder derivative matter and following the settlement in the federal derivative action above, the parties filed a joint stipulation to dismiss this matter and, on May 12, 2015, the court signed an order dismissing the matter with prejudice. The deadline to appeal this order lapsed on August 24, 2015.


Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II


Item 5.	Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock has been quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “MXWL” since 1983. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices per share of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market for the periods indicated.



	High		Low
Year Ended December 31, 2015
First Quarter	$	9.30	$	6.29
Second Quarter	8.29		4.85
Third Quarter	6.18		4.06
Fourth Quarter	8.04		5.33
Year Ended December 31, 2014
First Quarter	$	16.15	$	7.04
Second Quarter	18.43		12.79
Third Quarter	15.67		8.30
Fourth Quarter	12.03		7.06

As of February 12, 2016, there were 286 registered holders of our common stock, and 242 registered holders of restricted common stock that was granted under our equity compensation plans. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers or other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by the record holders.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently anticipate that any earnings will be retained for the development and expansion of our business and, therefore, we do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Equity Compensation Plans

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Part III, Item 12, Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters, included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Stock Performance Graph

The following graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total return (equal to dividends plus stock appreciation) for our Common Stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the Russell 2000. Total stockholder returns for prior periods are not an indication of future investment returns.


Item 6.	Selected Financial Data

The selected consolidated financial data presented below is for each fiscal year in the five-year period ended December 31, 2015. The financial data for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 is derived from, and is qualified by reference to, the audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The financial data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is derived from audited, consolidated financial statements which are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013		2012		2011
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Total revenue	$	167,372		$	186,586		$	193,534	$	159,258	$	147,176
Net income (loss)	$	(22,333	)	$	(6,272	)	$	6,340	$	7,174	$	(1,438	)
Net income (loss) per share
Basic	$	(0.73	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.22	$	0.25	$	(0.05	)
Diluted	$	(0.73	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.22	$	0.25	$	(0.05	)

	As of December 31,
	2015			2014			2013		2012		2011
	(In thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets	$	172,013		$	186,600		$	190,087	$	176,472	$	154,746
Cash and cash equivalents	$	24,382		$	24,732		$	30,647	$	28,739	$	29,289
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt	$	42		$	15,549		$	7,914	$	9,452	$	5,431
Long-term debt, excluding current portion	$	49		$	20		$	100	$	83	$	68
Stockholders’ equity	$	119,176		$	126,953		$	140,210	$	124,933	$	101,044
Shares outstanding	31,782			29,846			29,563		29,162		28,174

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Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, the discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties, including estimates based on our judgment. These estimates include, but are not limited to, assessing the collectability of accounts receivable, applied and unapplied production costs, production capacities, the usage and recoverability of inventories and long-lived assets, deferred income taxes, pension assets and liabilities, the incurrence of warranty obligations, stock compensation expense, impairment of goodwill, strategies, future revenues and other operating results, cash balances and access to liquidity, the probability that the performance criteria of equity awards will be met and accruals for estimated losses from legal matters. For further discussion regarding forward looking statements, see the section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Our MD&A is presented in the following sections:


•	Executive Overview


•	2015 Highlights


•	Results of Operations


•	Liquidity and Capital Resources


•	Contractual Obligations


•	Critical Accounting Estimates


•	Impact of Inflation


•	Recent Accounting Pronouncements


•	Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

Executive Overview

Maxwell is a global leader in developing, manufacturing and marketing energy storage and power delivery products for transportation, industrial, information technology and other applications and microelectronic products for space and satellite applications. Our products are designed and manufactured to perform reliably with minimal maintenance for the life of the applications into which they are integrated. We believe that this “life-of-the-application” reliability gives our products a competitive advantage and enables them to command higher profit margins than commodity products. We have three product lines: ultracapacitors with applications in multiple industries, including transportation and renewable energy; high-voltage capacitors applied mainly in electrical utility infrastructure; and radiation-hardened microelectronic products for space and satellite applications.

Our primary objective is to grow revenue and profit margins by creating and satisfying demand for ultracapacitor-based energy storage and power delivery solutions. We are focused on establishing and expanding market opportunities for ultracapacitors and being the preferred supplier for ultracapacitor products worldwide. We believe that the transportation industry represents the largest market opportunity for ultracapacitors, primarily for applications related to braking energy recuperation and torque-augmentation systems for hybrid-electric buses, trucks and autos and electric rail vehicles, vehicle power network smoothing and stabilization, engine starting systems for internal combustion vehicles and burst power for stop-start idle elimination systems. Backup power and power quality applications, including instantly available power for uninterruptible power supply systems, and stabilizing the output of renewable energy generation systems may also represent significant market opportunities.

We also seek to expand market opportunities and revenue for our high-voltage capacitor products. The market for high-voltage capacitors consists mainly of expansion, upgrading and maintenance of existing electrical utility infrastructure and new infrastructure installations in developing countries. Such installations are capital-intensive and frequently are subject to regulation, availability of government funding and general economic conditions.

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In 2015, management initiated a restructuring plan to consolidate U.S. manufacturing operations and to reduce headcount and operating expenses in order to align our cost structure with the current business forecast and to improve operational efficiency. We anticipate cost savings between $5 million and $6 million per year as a result of our restructuring activities, which we expect will be fully realized by the second quarter of 2016. In connection with the restructuring plan, we expect to incur total restructuring charges between $2.6 million and $3.3 million. The anticipated charges include approximately $1.2 million to $1.9 million in facilities costs related to the consolidation of manufacturing operations, $1.3 million in employee severance costs and $125,000 in relocation costs. We also expect to incur $560,000 in accelerated equipment depreciation expense related to the restructuring. Upon completion of the plan, which is anticipated to be substantially completed by the end of the first quarter of 2016, total cash expenditures related to restructuring activities are expected to be approximately $1.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we paid $1.0 million in restructuring expenses. In addition to restructuring expenses, we expect to incur approximately $1.6 million in capital expenditures associated with restructuring activities.

In 2015, revenues were $167.4 million compared with $186.6 million in 2014, representing an overall decrease of 10%. The decrease is primarily attributable to lower revenues for our ultracapacitor products, for which revenue decreased by 16% to $114.5 million in 2015 from $135.6 million in 2014. The decrease was primarily related to decreased sales for rail transit, wind energy, automotive and other markets in 2015. For sales into the hybrid transit vehicle market, while sales volume increased in 2015, changes in the China government subsidy program and other market factors caused us to lower pricing, above historical annual price reduction levels. Revenues for our high-voltage capacitor products increased by $1.4 million to $41.7 million in 2015 compared with $40.4 million in 2014. Revenues for our microelectronics products increased by $541,000 to $11.1 million in 2015 compared with $10.6 million in 2014.

Overall gross profit margin for fiscal year 2015 decreased to 30% compared with 37% in 2014, primarily related to lower prices for our ultracapacitor products sold into the hybrid transit vehicle market as a result of changes in the China government subsidy program and other market factors. Operating expenses increased to 41% of revenue for 2015 from 38% of revenue for 2014 primarily due to the decrease in revenues as well as restructuring expenses incurred in 2015.

As of December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $24.4 million. Management believes that this available cash balance will be sufficient to fund our operations, obligations as they become due, and capital investments for at least the next twelve months. In addition, we have a revolving line of credit available up to a maximum of $25.0 million, and we have not borrowed any amounts under this facility to date. In the future, we may decide to supplement existing cash and planned cash flow from operations by borrowing funds or by issuing additional debt or equity.

Going forward, we will continue to focus on growing our business and strengthening our market leadership and brand recognition through further penetration of existing markets, entry into new markets and development of new products. Our primary focus will be to grow our ultracapacitor business by increasing sales into primary applications, including automotive, transportation, renewable energy and backup power. In order to achieve our growth objectives, we will need to overcome risks and challenges facing our business.

A significant challenge we face is our ability to manage dependence on a small number of vertical markets, including some that are driven by government policies and subsidy programs. For example, a large portion of our current ultracapacitor business is concentrated in the Chinese hybrid transit bus and wind energy markets, which are heavily dependent on government regulation and subsidy. These markets may decline or experience slower rates of growth when there are changes or delays in government policies and subsidy programs. In mid-2013, the Chinese government subsidy program which provided subsidies for diesel-electric hybrid buses concluded. The Chinese government then put into a place another subsidy program which did not include subsidies for diesel-electric hybrid buses. However, our Chinese bus customers then began incorporating our ultracapacitor products into plug-in hybrid buses, which were subsidized by the revised subsidy program. At the end of 2015, the Chinese government subsidy program was renewed for 2016, but at a reduced reimbursement rate. For 2016, we may see variability in revenue as a result of uncertainty regarding how the new China government subsidy will impact our sales into the hybrid transit vehicle market.

More recently, we are beginning to experience pricing pressure in the Chinese hybrid transit vehicle market, which has historically represented a significant portion of our sales, as a result of changes in the government subsidy program and other market factors. In order to remain competitive, we may be required to lower our prices and provide more favorable sales terms to our customers. We remain focused on reducing the cost of producing our ultracapacitors in order to offset in part the lower prices we may be required to offer in this particular market. However, initially, our cost reduction efforts are not expected to fully offset the impact of these lower prices.

Although we believe the long-term prospects for the automotive, wind and hybrid transit markets remain positive, we are pursuing growth opportunities for our products in other vertical markets, including applications for backup power, power quality, rail, grid and heavy vehicle engine starting, in order to further diversify our market presence and augment our long-term growth prospects.

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Other significant risks and challenges we face include the ability to achieve profitability; the ability to develop our management team, product development infrastructure and manufacturing capacity to facilitate growth; competing technologies that may capture market share and interfere with our planned growth; difficulties in executing our restructuring plan; and hiring, developing and retaining key personnel critical to the execution of our strategy. We will be attentive to these risks and will focus on developing new products and promoting the value proposition of our products versus competing technologies and trying to grow our revenues and profits in the years to come.

2015 Highlights

During 2015, we continued to focus on introducing new products, winning new customers, new product applications, increasing production capacity to meet anticipated future demand, reducing product costs, making capital investments to facilitate growth, and improving production processes. Some of these efforts are described below:


•	In February, we announced that we signed an agreement with Purkeys, an electrical systems solutions provider for the trucking industry, for distribution of Maxwell's ultracapacitor-based Engine Start Module (ESM) product line to the North American heavy duty trucking industry.


•	Also in February, we announced that Freqcon GmbH, a German developer and distributor of renewable energy systems, has deployed an energy storage system for the Tallaght Smart Grid Testbed in Ireland that uses Maxwell ultracapacitors and lithium-ion batteries to support grid stability in both residential and industrial settings.


•	In March, we announced that our ultracapacitor-based ESM will be offered as a factory-installed option on new Kenworth T680 and T880 trucks. Kenworth is the first original equipment manufacturer to offer Maxwell's ESM as a factory-installed option.


•	In April, we introduced our 24-volt ultracapacitor-based ESM for industrial equipment. The new product expands Maxwell's Engine Starting Solutions line to build on the success of its 12-volt ESM and deliver those benefits to diesel engine vehicles used in transportation, construction, military, agricultural, forestry, mining and other industries.

•

In July, we announced that we had been selected as exclusive capacitive energy storage supplier to China Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute, a subsidiary of one of the largest rail vehicle manufacturers in the world. The strategic partnership agreement will examine multi-year collaboration activities between the two companies to jointly develop new application-specific, next-generation capacitive energy storage solutions.


•	In August, we announced that Peterbilt Motors Company, a leading designer and manufacturer of premium trucks, is now offering Maxwell's ultracapacitor-powered ESM on new Model 579 and 567 trucks as a factory-installed option.

•

In September, we announced that Continental Automotive Systems' Maxwell-powered voltage stabilization system will be a standard feature on 2016 Cadillac ATS and CTS sedans and ATS coupes, excluding the ATS-V, CTS-V and CT6 models. General Motors is the first North American automotive original equipment manufacturer to integrate the Continental ultracapacitor-based voltage stabilization as part of the enhanced start-stop system, which lowers fuel costs, improves performance and reduces emissions, delivering an overall superior owner-driver experience.

•

In October, we announced that our ultracapacitors have been selected by CAF Power & Automation, a global manufacturer of railway vehicles and equipment, as a standard component of the energy-storage system ACR (Rapid Charge Accumulator) used to power light-rail cars. Among the latest projects, CAF's ACR energy-storage system will be used on the first 100 percent catenary-free light-rail line currently under construction in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and in new tramways for an existing rail line in Tallinn, Estonia for energy-saving purposes.

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Results of Operations

The following table presents certain statement of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenue for the periods indicated:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Total revenue	100	%	100	%	100	%
Cost of revenue	70	%	63	%	61	%
Gross profit	30	%	37	%	39	%
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	24	%	24	%	23	%
Research and development	15	%	14	%	12	%
Restructuring and exit costs	2	%	—	%	—	%
Total operating expenses	41	%	38	%	35	%
Operating income (loss)	(11	)%	(1	)%	4	%
Other income, net	—	%	—	%	—	%
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes	(11	)%	(1	)%	4	%
Income tax provision	2	%	2	%	1	%
Net income (loss)	(13	)%	(3	)%	3	%

Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2014

Net loss reported for 2015 was $22.3 million, or $0.73 per share, compared with net loss of $6.3 million, or $0.21 per diluted share, in 2014. This increase in net loss was primarily driven by a decrease in revenue of 10% in 2015 to $167.4 million compared with $186.6 million in 2014, and a decline in gross profit as a percentage of revenue to 30% in 2015 from 37% in 2014. Total operating expenses increased to 41% of revenue in 2015 compared with 38% in 2014.

Revenue and Gross Profit

The following table presents revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except percentage):



	Year Ended December 31, 2015				Year Ended December 31, 2014
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Decrease			% Change
Revenue	$	167,372	100	%	$	186,586	100	%	$	(19,214	)	(10	)%
Cost of revenue	116,410		70	%	118,143		63	%	(1,733		)	(1	)%
Gross profit	$	50,962	30	%	$	68,443	37	%	$	(17,481	)	(26	)%

Revenue in 2015 decreased 10% to $167.4 million, compared with $186.6 million in 2014. The decrease in revenue was influenced primarily by lower revenues for our ultracapacitor product line, which were $114.5 million in 2015 compared with $135.6 million in the prior year. The decrease was primarily related to decreased sales for rail transit, wind energy, automotive and other markets in 2015.

With regard to the impact of changes in price and volume, while sales volume into the hybrid transit vehicle market increased in 2015, changes in the China government subsidy program and other market factors caused us to lower pricing, above historical annual price reduction levels. For 2016, we may see variability in revenue as a result of uncertainty regarding how the new China government subsidy will impact our sales into the hybrid transit vehicle market.

Revenue from our high-voltage capacitor products totaled $41.7 million for 2015, an increase of 3% from the $40.4 million recorded in 2014, primarily related to sales of newly developed products in 2015. Revenues from our microelectronic products totaled $11.1 million for 2015, up 5% from the $10.6 million recorded in 2014, as revenue for this product line can vary based on the timing of governmental and commercial programs incorporating our products.

A substantial amount of our revenue is generated through our Swiss subsidiary which has a functional currency of the Swiss Franc. As such, reported revenue can be materially impacted by the changes in exchange rates between the Swiss Franc and the U.S. Dollar, our reporting currency. Due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Swiss Franc during 2015 compared with 2014, revenue was negatively impacted by $2.0 million.

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The following table presents revenue mix by product line for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015		2014
Ultracapacitors	68	%	73	%
High-voltage capacitors	25	%	21	%
Microelectronics products	7	%	6	%
Total	100	%	100	%

Gross profit decreased $17.5 million, or 26%, to $51.0 million in 2015 compared with $68.4 million in 2014. The decrease in gross profit in absolute dollars was primarily associated with lower revenues as well as lower prices for our ultracapacitor products sold into the Chinese hybrid transit vehicle market.

As a percentage of revenue, gross profit decreased to 30% in 2015 compared with 37% in 2014. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to the reduction in pricing for our ultracapacitor products.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

The following table presents selling, general and administrative expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except percentage):



	Year Ended December 31, 2015				Year Ended December 31, 2014
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Decrease			% Change
Selling, general and administrative	$	40,758	24	%	$	43,022	24	%	$	(2,264	)	(5	)%

Selling, general and administrative expenses were 24% of revenue for 2015, consistent with 24% in 2014, while total expenses decreased by $2.3 million, or 5%, in 2015 compared with 2014. The decrease in absolute dollars included a $1.0 million decrease in overall labor costs associated with reduced headcount as a result of our restructuring efforts and the elimination of our management bonus program for 2015. In addition, there was a $1.1 million reduction in recruiting costs, a $711,000 decrease in travel costs, a $698,000 decrease in consulting costs, a $538,000 decrease in information technology and facilities costs, as well as other expense savings, primarily related to our restructuring and cost reduction efforts. Also, in the third quarter of 2015, we received a $475,000 refund of value-added-taxes related to our operations in China. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in legal fees of $2.6 million incurred in 2015 due to the ongoing SEC and FCPA investigations. Despite the decline in absolute dollars, selling, general and administrative expenses were 24% of revenue for 2015, consistent with 24% for 2014, as a result of lower revenue for 2015.

Research and Development Expense

The following table presents research and development expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except percentage):



	Year Ended December 31, 2015				Year Ended December 31, 2014
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Decrease			% Change
Research and development	$	24,697	15	%	$	26,320	14	%	$	(1,623	)	(6	)%

Research and development expenses were 15% of revenue for 2015, up from 14% in 2014, while total expenses decreased by $1.6 million, or 6% in 2015 compared with 2014. The decrease in absolute dollars was associated with an increase in third-party funding under cost-sharing arrangements of $1.5 million and a decrease of $675,000 in information technology and facilities costs due to cost control efforts in connection with our restructuring. These decreases in expense were partially offset by an increase in expense of $447,000 for product evaluation units used to support a grid energy storage demonstration project in 2015. Despite the decline in absolute dollars, research and development expenses increased to 15% of revenue in 2015, up from 14% in 2014, as a result of lower revenue for 2015.

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Restructuring and Exit Costs

During the year ended December 31, 2015, management initiated a restructuring plan to consolidate U.S. manufacturing operations and to reduce headcount and operating expenses in order to align our cost structure with the current business forecast and to improve operational efficiency. In connection with the restructuring plan, we expect to incur total restructuring and related charges between $2.6 million and $3.3 million. The anticipated charges include approximately $1.2 million to $1.9 million in facilities costs related to the consolidation of our manufacturing operations, $1.3 million in employee severance costs and $125,000 in relocation costs. We also expect to incur $560,000 in accelerated equipment depreciation expense related to the restructuring. Upon completion of the plan, which is anticipated to be substantially completed by the end of the first quarter of 2016, total cash expenditures related to restructuring activities are expected to be approximately $1.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we paid $1.0 million in restructuring expenses related to employee severance costs.

Restructuring charges for the year ended December 31, 2015 include $1.2 million for future rent obligations, net of estimated sublease income, associated with the exit of a portion of a leased facility, and $1.3 million in employee severance costs for work force reductions.

The following table summarizes the restructuring and exit costs for the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands):



Year ended December 31, 2015	Employee Severance Costs			Lease Obligation Costs			Total
Costs incurred	$	1,439		$	1,208		$	2,647
Amounts paid	(1,010		)	—			(1,010		)
Accruals released	(135		)	—			(135		)
Other non-cash adjustments	—			(165		)	(165		)
Restructuring Liability as of December 31, 2015	$	294		$	1,043		$	1,337

Provision for Income Taxes

The effective tax rate differs from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 34% primarily due to foreign income taxes and the valuation allowance against our domestic deferred tax assets.

We recorded an income tax provision of $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared with $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. This provision is primarily related to taxes on income generated by our Swiss subsidiary. As a result of changes in our financial projections, we changed our estimate of amounts considered permanently reinvested. Therefore, in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we recorded a deferred tax liability of $2.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively, associated with $41.7 million and $31.8 million, respectively, of unremitted earnings of a foreign subsidiary that are no longer considered indefinitely reinvested. In the event that we repatriate these funds, this withholding tax would become payable to the Swiss government.

At December 31, 2015, we have a cumulative valuation allowance recorded offsetting our worldwide net deferred tax assets of $68.1 million, of which the significant majority represents the valuation allowance on our U.S. net deferred tax assets. We have established a valuation allowance against our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets. Management periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets and at such time as it is determined that it is more likely than not that U.S. deferred tax assets are realizable, the valuation allowance will be reduced accordingly.

Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2013

Net loss reported for 2014 was $6.3 million, or $0.21 per share, compared with net income of $6.3 million, or $0.22 per diluted share, in 2013. Revenue decreased 4% in 2014 compared with 2013, although revenues in 2013 included $11.3 million related to the recognition of revenue on prior year’s ultracapacitor shipments, net of amount shipped in 2013 for which revenue was deferred at the end of the year. Gross profit declined as a percentage of revenue from 39% in 2013 to 37% in 2014. Total operating expenses increased to 38% of revenue in 2014 compared with 35% in 2013.

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Revenue and Gross Profit

The following table presents revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands, except percentage):



	Year Ended December 31, 2014				Year Ended December 31, 2013
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Increase			% Change
Revenue	$	186,586	100	%	$	193,534	100	%	$	(6,948	)	(4	)%
Cost of revenue	118,143		63	%	118,244		61	%	(101		)	—	%
Gross profit	$	68,443	37	%	$	75,290	39	%	$	(6,847	)	(9	)%

Revenue in 2014 decreased 4% to $186.6 million, compared with $193.5 million in 2013. Ultracapacitor product revenue was $135.6 million in 2014, compared with $136.3 million in the prior year. However, revenues in 2013 included the $11.3 million related to the recognition of revenue on prior year’s ultracapacitor shipments, net of amount shipped in 2013 for which revenue was deferred at the end of the year. In 2014, ultracapacitor sales for rail transit, wind energy, and automotive applications increased significantly, which was offset by a decline in sales for Chinese hybrid transit vehicle applications. The decline in sales in the Chinese hybrid transit vehicle market primarily related to the expiration of a Chinese government subsidy program for diesel-electric hybrid buses in the middle of 2013. The Chinese government then put into a place a new subsidy program which did not include subsidies for diesel-electric hybrid buses. However, our Chinese bus customers then began incorporating our ultracapacitor products into plug-in hybrid buses covered under the subsidy program.

Sales of high-voltage capacitor products totaled $40.4 million for 2014, down 7% from the $43.3 million recorded in 2013, as we experienced a reduction in global demand for our high-voltage products in 2014. Revenue from our microelectronic products totaled $10.6 million for 2014, down 24% from the $13.9 million recorded in 2013. During 2014, there were fewer space and satellite programs, or delays in such programs, which incorporate our microelectronics products.

A substantial amount of our revenue is generated through our Swiss subsidiary which has a functional currency of the Swiss Franc. As such, reported revenue can be materially impacted by the changes in exchange rates between the Swiss Franc and the U.S. Dollar, our reporting currency. Due to the weakening of the U.S. Dollar against the Swiss Franc during 2014 compared with 2013, revenue was positively impacted by $356,000.

The following table presents revenue mix by product line for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2014		2013
Ultracapacitors	73	%	71	%
High-voltage capacitors	21	%	22	%
Microelectronics products	6	%	7	%
Total	100	%	100	%

Gross profit in 2014 decreased $6.9 million, or 9%, to $68.4 million compared with 2013.The decrease in gross profit in absolute dollars related primarily to a decrease in the volume of ultracapacitor revenues, as we recognized $11.3 million in revenue in 2013 related to previous year's sales, a decline in microelectronics product sales, as well as a decline in the average selling prices for our ultracapacitor products in 2014 compared with 2013.

As a percentage of revenue, gross profit decreased to 37% in 2014 compared with 39% in 2013. This decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily a result of the decrease in sales for our high-voltage capacitor and microelectronics products, which earn higher margins than our ultracapacitor products. Additionally, the decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenues was affected by the decline in ultracapacitor average selling prices.

Selling, General & Administrative Expense

The following table presents selling, general and administrative expense for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands, except percentage):



	Year Ended December 31, 2014				Year Ended December 31, 2013
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Decrease			% Change
Selling, general and administrative	$	43,022	24	%	$	43,543	23	%	$	(521	)	(1	)%

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Selling, general and administrative expenses were 24% of revenue for 2014, up from 23% in 2013, while total expenses decreased by $521,000, or 1%, in 2014 compared with 2013. The decrease in absolute dollars was primarily driven by a decrease in legal, audit, tax and consulting fees which were higher in 2013 by $4.7 million, mainly related to the audit committee's investigation, our internal review and the restatement of previously issued financial statements. This impact was offset by an increase in labor expenses of $1.5 million in 2014 compared with 2013, primarily related to additional headcount for sales and marketing. Additionally, recruiting expenses increased by $822,000, primarily due to the search for our new chief executive officer and additional staff for our San Diego and Asia facilities. In addition, advertising and promotion expenses increased by $819,000, mainly related to an increased focus on advertising for our newer engine starting product, and travel expenses increased by $658,000, mainly related to customer relations and sales efforts. Despite the decline in absolute dollars, selling, general and administrative expenses increased to 24% of revenue for 2014, up from 23% for 2013, as a result of the lower revenues for 2014.

Research and Development Expense

The following table presents research and development expense for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands, except percentage):



	Year Ended December 31, 2014				Year Ended December 31, 2013
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Increase		% Change
Research and development	$	26,320	14	%	$	22,542	12	%	$	3,778	17	%

Research and development expenses were 14% of revenue for 2014, up from 12% in 2013, while total expenses increased by $3.8 million, or 17%, in 2014 compared with 2013. The increase in absolute dollars was primarily driven by increases of $1.8 million in labor expenses and $1.8 million in contracted research and development services. These increases were to support efforts to improve manufacturing processes and to develop and enhance products. In addition to the increase in absolute dollars, research and development expenses increased to 14% of revenue in 2014 up from 12% in 2013, as both expenses were higher and revenues were lower in 2014.

Provision for Income Taxes

We recorded an income tax provision of $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared with $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. This provision is primarily related to taxes on income generated by our Swiss subsidiary. As a result of changes in our financial projections in the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company changed its estimate of the amount of foreign earnings considered permanently reinvested. Therefore, during the quarter ended December 31, 2014, we recorded a $1.6 million deferred tax expense associated with a portion of the unremitted earnings of a foreign subsidiary that are not considered permanently reinvested. In the event that we repatriate these earnings, this withholding tax would become payable. The Company has established a valuation allowance against its U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets, as well as the deferred tax asset of a foreign subsidiary, due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets as evidenced by the cumulative losses from operations through December 31, 2014. Management periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets and at such time as it is determined that it is more likely than not that deferred assets are realizable, the valuation allowance will be reduced accordingly.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Changes in Cash Flow

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for each of the past three fiscal years (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	9,380		$	(6,163	)	$	19,891
Investing activities	(4,143		)	(6,975		)	(16,850		)
Financing activities	(5,766		)	9,563			(1,356		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	179			(2,340		)	223
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	(350	)	$	(5,915	)	$	1,908

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Net cash provided by operating activities was $9.4 million in 2015, compared with net cash used in operating activities of $6.2 million in 2014 and net cash provided by operating activities of $19.9 million in 2013. Operating cash flows for 2015 related primarily to a net loss of $22.3 million, which included non-cash charges of $20.6 million. In addition, there was an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $5.0 million, and a decrease in inventory of $5.3 million. The increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was primarily due to timing of payments. The decrease in inventories is primarily associated with efforts to reduce our inventory levels.

The increase in operating cash flows for 2015 compared with 2014 was primarily related to a significant increase in accounts receivable in 2014 due to sales growth and shipments being more heavily weighted towards the end of 2014, as well as a significant decrease in inventory in 2015 associated with our efforts to reduce our inventory levels. However, there was an offsetting decrease in operating cash flows in 2015 as we incurred a significantly higher net loss compared with 2014.

Net cash used in investing activities was $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with $7.0 million in 2014 and $16.9 million in 2013. Investing activities were related to capital expenditures in each year. In 2015, capital expenditures were primarily focused on investments in our manufacturing operations and corporate research and development center in San Diego, California. Cash used in investing activities in 2014 and 2013 was primarily focused on investments to increase production capacity, including equipment for our manufacturing facilities in San Diego, California and Peoria, Arizona and our contract manufacturing operations in Shenzhen, China, as well as investments in our corporate research and development center in San Diego, California.

Net cash used in financing activities was $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with net cash provided by financing activities of $9.6 million in 2014 and net cash used in financing activities of $1.4 million in 2013. During the year ended December 31, 2015, net cash used in financing activities primarily resulted from net payments on long term and short term debt of $15.8 million, partially offset by net proceeds from our common stock offering of $9.6 million and by cash proceeds from our stock-based compensation plans of $875,000. During the year ended December 31, 2014, net cash provided by financing activities primarily resulted from net borrowing on long term and short term debt of $8.1 million and cash proceeds associated with our stock-based compensation plans of $1.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2013, net cash used in financing activities primarily resulted from net payments on long term and short term debt of $1.7 million, partially offset by cash proceeds associated with our stock-based compensation plans of $412,000.

Liquidity

As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately $24.4 million in cash and cash equivalents, and working capital of $65.8 million. In July 2015, we entered into a loan agreement with East West Bank (“EWB”), whereby EWB made available to us a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit. The line of credit is available up to a maximum of the lesser of: (a) $25.0 million; or (b) a certain percentage of domestic and foreign trade receivables. As of December 31, 2015, the amount available under the under the line of credit was $22.7 million. No amounts have been borrowed under this facility as of December 31, 2015.

In addition, we are exploring opportunities to sell the net assets associated with our microelectronics product line which, if successful, could provide us with a cash infusion to support ongoing operations as well as investments in our business.

On June 3, 2014, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC to, from time to time, sell up to $125 million of our common stock, warrants, debt securities or units. On April 23, 2015,we entered into an At-the-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement (“Sales Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”) pursuant to which we could sell, at our option, up to an aggregate of $10.0 million in shares of common stock through Cowen, as sales agent. Under the Sales Agreement, we agreed to pay Cowen a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock. On June 11, 2015, we completed the sale of approximately $10.0 million of our common stock and terminated the offering. Approximately 1.83 million shares were sold in the offering at an average share price of $5.46. We received net proceeds of $9.6 million after commissions and offering costs of $406,000. Due to a late Form 8-K filing by us on June 1, 2015, which was due by May 29, 2015, we are currently ineligible to use our shelf registration statement beginning on the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We expect to again be eligible as of June 1, 2016.

Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $9.3 million in 2016. Approximately 45% of our planned capital spending is focused on product research and development and 35% is focused on improving manufacturing processes. The remaining planned capital spending will support information technology infrastructure and improvements to our facilities.

As of December 31, 2015, the amount of cash and short-term investments held by foreign subsidiaries was $16.3 million. If these funds are needed for our operations in the U.S. in the future, we may be required to pay taxes to repatriate these funds at a rate of approximately 5%. We have already accrued tax expense associated with the potential future repatriation of these funds.

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Revolving Line of Credit

In July 2015, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) and related agreements with East West Bank (“EWB”), whereby EWB made available to us a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Line of Credit”). The Revolving Line of Credit is available up to a maximum of the lesser of: (a) $25.0 million; or (b) a certain percentage of domestic and foreign trade receivables. As of December 31, 2015, the amount available under the Revolving Line of Credit was $22.7 million. In general, amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit are secured by a lien on all of our assets, including our intellectual property, as well as a pledge of 100% of our equity interests in the Company’s Swiss subsidiary. The obligations under the Loan Agreement are guaranteed by the Swiss subsidiary. The Revolving Line of Credit will mature on July 3, 2018; however, repayment of amounts owed pursuant to the Loan Agreement may be accelerated in the event that we are in violation of the representations, warranties and covenants made in the Loan Agreement, including certain financial covenants set forth therein. The financial covenants that we are required to meet during the term of the credit agreement include a minimum four-quarter rolling EBITDA, a quarterly minimum liquidity ratio and a minimum cash requirement.

Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit bear interest, payable monthly. Such interest shall accrue based upon, at our election, subject to certain limitations, either the Prime Rate plus a margin ranging from 0% to 0.50% or the LIBOR Rate plus a margin ranging from 2.75% to 3.25%, the specific rate for each is determined periodically based upon our leverage ratio.

We are required to pay an annual commitment fee equal to $125,000, and an unused commitment fee of the average daily unused amount of the Revolving Line of Credit, payable monthly, equal to a per annum rate in a range of 0.30% to 0.50%, as determined by our leverage ratio on the last day of the previous fiscal quarter. No amounts have been borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit as of December 31, 2015.

Former Credit Facility

In December 2011, we obtained a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit (the “Former Revolving Line of Credit”) and an equipment term loan (the “Equipment Term Loan”) (together, the “Former Credit Facility”). Borrowings under the Former Credit Facility bore interest, payable monthly, at either (i) the bank's prime rate or (ii) LIBOR plus 2.25%, at our option, subject to certain limitations. The Equipment Term Loan was available to finance 80% of eligible equipment purchases made between April 1, 2011 and April 30, 2012. During this period, we borrowed $5.0 million under the Equipment Term Loan.

The balance of the Equipment Term Loan was paid in full by the maturity date of April 30, 2015. Concurrently with entering into the Loan Agreement described above, in July 2015, we repaid all outstanding loans under the Former Revolving Line of Credit and terminated the Former Credit Facility. We did not incur any early termination or prepayment penalties under the Former Credit Facility in connection with the above transactions.

Other long-term borrowings

Maxwell SA has various financing agreements for vehicles. These agreements are for up to an original three-year repayment period with interest rates ranging from 1.9% to 5.1%. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, $91,000 and $82,000, respectively, was outstanding under these agreements.

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Contractual Obligations



	Payment due by period (in thousands)
	Total		Less than 1 Year		1–3 Years		3–5 Years		More than 5 Years
Operating lease obligations⁽¹⁾	$	16,181	$	4,316	$	5,926	$	3,532	$	2,407
Purchase commitments ⁽²⁾	6,861		6,861		—		—		—
Debt obligations⁽³⁾	97		45		52		—		—
Pension benefit payments ⁽⁴⁾	31,318		1,360		1,372		1,431		27,155
Total ^{(5) (6)}	$	54,457	$	12,582	$	7,350	$	4,963	$	29,562

____________


⁽¹⁾	Operating lease obligations primarily represent building leases.


⁽²⁾	Purchase commitments primarily represent the value of non-cancellable purchase orders and an estimate of purchase orders that if canceled would result in a significant penalty.


⁽³⁾	Debt obligations represent long-term and short-term borrowings.


⁽⁴⁾	Pension benefit payments represent the expected amounts to be paid for pension benefits.


⁽⁵⁾	The table excludes $522,000 of liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions because we are unable to reasonably estimate the timing of future payments, if required.


⁽⁶⁾	The table excludes deferred tax liability of $3.7 million due to uncertainty of timing of future payments. This deferred tax liability on undistributed earnings of a foreign subsidiary represents deferred tax expense associated with a portion of the unremitted earnings of a foreign subsidiary that are not considered permanently reinvested.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if: 1) the accounting estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made and 2) changes in the estimate are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Also see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which discusses the significant accounting policies.

We believe the following are either (i) critical accounting policies that require us to make significant estimates or assumptions in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements or (ii) other key accounting policies that may require us to make difficult or subjective judgments.

Revenue Recognition

Nature of Estimates Required. Sales revenue is primarily derived from the sale of products directly to customers. Product revenue is recognized when all of the criteria for revenue recognition are met. Customer agreements and other terms of the sale are evaluated to determine when the criteria for revenue recognition have been met, and therefore when revenue should be recognized. Revenue recognition is deferred until all the criteria for revenue recognition have been met.

Assumptions and Approach Used. Product revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists according to customer contracts or sales documents; (2) title and risk of loss pass to the customer according to the order's shipping terms; (3) price is deemed fixed or determinable and free of significant contingencies or uncertainties; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Customer contracts, or purchase orders and order confirmations, are generally used to determine the existence of an arrangement. Shipping terms determine when the passage of title and risk of loss have occurred. We assess whether a price is fixed or determinable based upon the payment terms associated with the transaction. We assess the collectability of accounts receivable based primarily upon creditworthiness of the customer as determined by credit checks and analysis, as well as the customer’s payment history. If we determine that a particular sale does not meet all of the above criteria for revenue recognition, revenue is not recognized until all of the criteria are determined to have been achieved.

A portion of our sales revenue is derived from sales to distributors. Distributor revenue is recognized when all of the criteria for revenue recognition are met, which is generally the time of shipment to the distributor; all returns and credits are estimable and not significant.

Total deferred revenue and customer deposits in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $3,066,000 and $703,000, respectively, and relates to cash received from customers on sales for which the revenue recognition criteria were not achieved, customer advances, as well as other less significant customer arrangements requiring the deferral of revenue.

Excess and Obsolete Inventory

Nature of Estimates Required. Estimates are principally based on assumptions regarding the ability to sell the items in our inventory. Due to the uncertainty and potential volatility inherent in these estimates, changes in our assumptions could materially affect our results of operations.

Assumptions and Approach Used. Our estimate for excess and obsolete inventory is evaluated on a quarterly basis and is based on rolling historical inventory usage and assumptions regarding future product demand. As actual levels of inventory change or specific products become slow moving or obsolete, our estimated reserve may materially change.

Pension

Nature of Estimates Required. We use several significant assumptions within the actuarial models utilized in measuring our pension benefit obligations and assets held by the pension plan.

Assumptions and Approach Used. The discount rate and expected return on assets are estimates impacting plan expense and asset and liability measurement. We evaluate these critical assumptions at least annually. We periodically evaluate actuarial assumptions involving demographic factors, which are used to measure the pension obligation, such as retirement age, mortality and turnover, and update them to reflect our experience and expectations for the future. Actual results in any given year will often differ from actuarial assumptions because of economic and other factors. The projected benefit obligation as of December 31, 2015 was $33.2 million and the fair value of plan assets was $39.0 million. The Company does not have any rights to the assets of the plan other than the right to offset the liabilities of the plan.

Stock-Based Compensation

Nature of Estimates Required. Our stock-based compensation awards include stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and shares issued under our employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP"). We record compensation expense for our stock-based compensation awards in accordance with the criteria set forth in the Stock Compensation Subtopic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). Under the guidance, the fair value of each employee stock option is estimated on the date of grant using an option pricing model that meets certain requirements. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option grants. The determination of the fair value of stock options utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by our stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

The fair value of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") and restricted stock unit awards ("RSUs") is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense equal to the fair value of each RSA or RSU is recognized ratably over the requisite service period. For RSA or RSU awards with vesting contingent on the achievement of Company performance conditions, we use the requisite service period that is most likely to occur. The requisite service period is estimated based on the performance period as well as any time-based employee service requirements. If it is unlikely that a performance condition will be achieved, no compensation expense is recognized unless it is later determined that achievement of the performance condition is likely. Expense may be adjusted for changes in the expected outcomes of the related performance conditions, with the impact of such changes recognized as a cumulative adjustment in the consolidated statement of operations in the period in which the expectation changes.

In 2014, we issued market-condition RSUs to certain members of executive management. Since the vesting of the market-condition RSUs is dependent on stock price performance, the fair value of these awards was estimated using a Monte-Carlo valuation model. The determination of the fair value of market-condition RSUs utilizing a Monte-Carlo valuation model was affected by our stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statement of operations is based on equity awards ultimately expected to vest. The FASB ASC requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods with a cumulative catch up adjustment if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Assumptions and Approach Used. In determining the value of stock option and market-condition RSU grants, we estimate an expected dividend yield of zero because we have never paid cash dividends and have no present intention to pay cash dividends. The expected term calculation is based on the actual life of historical stock option grants. Expected volatility is based on our historical stock prices using a mathematical formula to measure the standard deviation of the change in the natural logarithm of our underlying stock price over a period of time commensurate with the expected term. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the zero coupon rate on U.S. Treasury instruments with a term commensurate with the award's expected term.

For RSA or RSUs with vesting contingent on the achievement of Company performance conditions, the amount of compensation expense is estimated based on the expected achievement of the performance condition. This requires us to make estimates of the likelihood of the achievement of Company performance conditions, which is highly judgmental. We base our judgments as to the expected achievement of Company performance conditions based on the financial projections of the Company that are used by management for business purposes, which represent our best estimate of expected Company performance. If it is unlikely that a performance condition will be achieved, no compensation expense is recognized unless it is later determined that achievement of the performance condition is likely. Further, the requisite service period is estimated based on the performance period as well as any time-based employee service requirements.

We evaluate the assumptions used to value stock-based awards on a quarterly basis. If factors change and we employ different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past. If there are any modifications or cancellations of stock-based awards, we may be required to accelerate, increase or decrease any remaining, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense. Compensation expense may be significantly impacted in the future to the extent our estimates differ from actual results.

Income Taxes

Nature of Estimates Required. We record an income tax valuation allowance when the realization of certain deferred tax assets, including net operating losses, is not likely. Not included in the net operating loss deferred tax asset is approximately $10.0 million of gross deferred tax asset attributable to stock option exercises, restricted stock grants, and disqualifying dispositions of both incentive stock options and stock issued under the Company's ESPP. According to a provision within ASC 718, Stock Compensation, concerning when tax benefits related to excess stock option deductions can be credited to paid-in capital, the related valuation allowance cannot be reversed, even if the facts and circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset can be realized. The valuation allowance will only be reversed as the related deferred tax asset is applied to reduce taxes payable.

We record U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries’ earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested outside of the U.S. As a result of changes in our financial projections, we changed our estimate of amounts considered permanently reinvested. Therefore, in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we recorded a deferred tax liability of $2.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively, associated with $41.7 million and $31.8 million, respectively, of unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries that are no longer considered indefinitely reinvested. In the event that we repatriate these funds, this withholding tax would become payable to the Swiss government. As of December 31, 2015, the cumulative amount of undistributed earnings considered indefinitely reinvested was $10.2 million.

Assumptions and Approach Used. Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. Significant judgments and estimates are required in this evaluation. If we determine that we are able to realize a portion or all of these deferred tax assets in the future, we will record an adjustment to increase their recorded value and a corresponding adjustment to increase income or additional paid in capital, as appropriate, in that same period.

Commitments and Contingencies

Nature of Estimates Required. We are involved in litigation, regulatory and other proceedings and claims. We prosecute and defend these matters aggressively. However, there are many uncertainties associated with any litigation, and there can be no assurance that these actions or other third-party claims against us will be resolved without costly litigation and/or substantial settlement charges.

Assumptions and Approach Used. We disclose information concerning contingent liabilities with respect to these claims and proceedings for which an unfavorable outcome is more than remote. We recognize liabilities for these claims and proceedings as appropriate based upon the probability of loss and our ability to estimate losses and to fairly present, in conjunction with the disclosures of these matters in our consolidated financial statements, management’s view of our exposure. We review outstanding claims and proceedings with external counsel as appropriate to assess probability and estimates of loss. We will recognize a liability related to claims and proceedings at such time as an unfavorable outcome becomes probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When the reasonable estimate is a range, the recognized liability will be the best estimate within the range. If no amount in the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount of the range will be recognized.

We re-evaluate these assessments each quarter or as new and significant information becomes available to determine whether a liability should be recognized or if any existing liability should be adjusted. The actual cost of ultimately resolving a claim or proceeding may be substantially different from the amount of the recognized liability. In addition, because it is not permissible to recognize a liability until the loss is both probable and estimable, in some cases there may be insufficient time to recognize a liability prior to the actual incurrence of the loss (upon verdict and judgment at trial, for example, or in the case of a quickly negotiated settlement).

Impact of Inflation

We believe that inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations for any of our fiscal years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2015. However, there can be no assurance that future inflation would not have an adverse impact on our operating results and financial condition.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard provides companies with a single model for accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific revenue guidance. The core principle of the model is to recognize revenue when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer, as opposed to recognizing revenue when the risks and rewards transfer to the customer under the existing revenue guidance. The guidance permits companies to either apply the requirements retrospectively to all prior periods presented, or apply the requirements in the year of adoption, through a cumulative adjustment. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Deferral of the Effective Date, which defers the required adoption date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. As a result of the deferred effective date, ASU 2014-09 will be effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted but not before the original effective date of the new standard of the first quarter of fiscal 2017. We are in the process of evaluating the transition method that will be elected and the impact of adoption on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued and provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all entities and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The update changes the presentation of debt issuance costs to a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. ASU 2015-03 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted, and the new guidance is to be applied on a retrospective basis to all prior periods. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The new guidance was issued to more closely align the measurement of inventory in U.S. GAAP with the measurement of inventory in International Financial Reporting Standards. The core principle of this updated guidance is that an entity should measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The amendments in ASU 2015-11 apply to inventory that is measured using the first-in, first-out or average cost methods. ASU 2015-11 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, to simplify the presentation of deferred taxes. This amendment requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowances, be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, and the new guidance is and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. We have adopted this guidance prospectively as of December 31, 2015. Therefore, prior periods have not been adjusted to reflect this adoption.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10). This standard makes several modifications to Subtopic 825-10 including the elimination of the available-for-sale classification of equity investments, and requires equity investments with readily determinable fair values to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. It is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.


Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We face exposure to financial market risks, including adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates. These exposures may change over time and could have a material adverse impact on our financial results. We have not entered into or invested in any instruments that are subject to market risk, except as follows:

Foreign Currency Risk

Our primary foreign currency exposure is related to our subsidiary in Switzerland. Maxwell SA has Euro and local currency (Swiss Franc) revenue and operating expenses, as well as local currency loans. Changes in these currency exchange rates impact the reported amount (U.S. dollar) of revenue, expenses and debt. As part of our risk management strategy, we use forward contracts to hedge certain foreign currency exposures. Our objective is to offset gains and losses resulting from these exposures with gains and losses on the forward contracts, thereby reducing volatility of earnings. We use the forward contracts to hedge certain monetary assets and liabilities, primarily receivables and payables, denominated in a foreign currency. The change in fair value of these instruments represents a natural hedge as their gains and losses partially offset the changes in the fair value of the underlying monetary assets and liabilities due to movements in currency exchange rates. These contracts are considered economic hedges but are not designated as hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the FASB ASC, therefore, the change in the fair value of the instruments is recognized currently in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of December 31, 2015, the impact of a theoretical detrimental change in foreign currency exchange rates of 10% on the foreign currency forward contracts would result in a hypothetical loss of $203,000, however, this loss is offset by the effect of the theoretical change in exchange rates on the underlying assets and liabilities being hedged. For local currency debt carried by our Swiss subsidiary, the impact of a hypothetical 10% detrimental change in foreign currency exchange rates would result in a hypothetical loss of $9,000, which would be recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheet.

Interest Rate Risk

At December 31, 2015, we had approximately $91,000 in debt, $49,000 of which is classified as long-term debt. Debt outstanding is related to vehicle financing agreements and due to the minimal amounts outstanding any changes in interest rates would not significantly impact our financial results.

Fair Value Risk

We have a net pension asset of $5.8 million at December 31, 2015, including plan assets of $39.0 million, which are recorded at fair value. The plan assets consist of 52% debt and equity securities, 43% real estate and real estate investment funds and 5% cash and cash equivalents. The fair value measurement of real estate investment funds is subject to the real estate market forces in Switzerland. The fair value of debt and equity securities is determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and is subject to interest rate risk. We manage our risk by having a diversified portfolio. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion on the pension assets.


Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appear on pages 48 to 78 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, BDO USA, LLP	47

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014	48

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	49

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	50

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	51

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	52

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	53

Financial Statement Schedule:

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	79

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Maxwell Technologies, Inc.

San Diego, California

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Maxwell Technologies, Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. In connection with our audits of the financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements and schedule. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Maxwell Technologies, Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Maxwell Technologies, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 17, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

San Diego, California

February 17, 2016

MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data)



	December 31,
	2015			2014
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	24,382		$	24,732
Restricted cash	400			—
Trade and other accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $252 and $143 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively	43,172			43,698
Inventories, net	39,055			44,856
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,593			2,426
Total current assets	109,602			115,712
Property and equipment, net	32,324			39,223
Goodwill	23,635			23,599
Pension asset	5,849			7,362
Other non-current assets	603			704
Total assets	$	172,013		$	186,600
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	33,985		$	27,011
Accrued employee compensation	6,672			9,348
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	3,066			703
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt	42			15,549
Deferred tax liability	—			1,111
Total current liabilities	43,765			53,722
Deferred tax liability, long-term	6,076			3,304
Long-term debt, excluding current portion	49			20
Other long-term liabilities	2,947			2,601
Total liabilities	52,837			59,647
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10 and Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.10 par value per share, 40,000 shares authorized; 31,782 and 29,846 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively	3,176			2,982
Additional paid-in capital	291,505			277,314
Accumulated deficit	(180,399		)	(158,066		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4,894			4,723
Total stockholders’ equity	119,176			126,953
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	172,013		$	186,600

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Revenue	$	167,372		$	186,586		$	193,534
Cost of revenue	116,410			118,143			118,244
Gross profit	50,962			68,443			75,290
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	40,758			43,022			43,543
Research and development	24,697			26,320			22,542
Restructuring and exit costs	2,512			—			—
Total operating expenses	67,967			69,342			66,085
Income (loss) from operations	(17,005		)	(899		)	9,205
Interest expense, net	266			169			4
Amortization of prepaid debt costs	18			20			60
Foreign currency exchange loss, net	441			838			649
Income (loss) before income taxes	(17,730		)	(1,926		)	8,492
Income tax provision	4,603			4,346			2,152
Net income (loss)	$	(22,333	)	$	(6,272	)	$	6,340
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	(0.73	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.22
Diluted	$	(0.73	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.22
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	30,716			29,216			28,869
Diluted	30,716			29,216			28,903

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands)



		Years Ended December 31,
		2015			2014			2013
Net income (loss)		$	(22,333	)	$	(6,272	)	$	6,340
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		1,574			(10,445		)	2,428
Defined benefit pension plan, net of tax:
	Actuarial gain (loss) on benefit obligation and plan assets, net of tax benefit of $531 and $922, and tax provision of $597 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively	(1,862		)	(2,358		)	2,785
	Amortization of deferred loss, net of tax provision of $10 and $32 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2013, respectively	35			—			148
	Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax provision of $30, $39 and $8 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively	106			101			36
	Settlements and plan changes, net of tax provision of $91 and $118, and tax benefit of $173 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively	318			302			(805		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		171			(12,400		)	4,592
Comprehensive income (loss)		$	(22,162	)	$	(18,672	)	$	10,932

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)



	Shares		Amount			Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2012	29,162		$	2,913		$	267,623		$	(158,134	)	$	12,531		$	124,933
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans	67		7			405			—			—			412
Share-based compensation	359		36			3,944			—			—			3,980
Repurchase and cancellation of restricted shares	(25	)	(3		)	(44		)	—			—			(47		)
Net income	—		—			—			6,340			—			6,340
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—			—			—			2,428			2,428
Pension adjustment, net of tax provision of $464	—		—			—			—			2,164			2,164
Balance at December 31, 2013	29,563		2,953			271,928			(151,794		)	17,123			140,210
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans	175		18			1,432			—			—			1,450
Share-based compensation	312		31			3,933			—			—			3,964
Repurchase and cancellation of restricted shares	(204	)	(20		)	21			—			—			1
Net loss	—		—			—			(6,272		)	—			(6,272		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—			—			—			(10,445		)	(10,445		)
Pension adjustment, net of tax benefit of $765	—		—			—			—			(1,955		)	(1,955		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	29,846		2,982			277,314			(158,066		)	4,723			126,953
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans	142		14			861			—			—			875
Share-based compensation	80		8			3,938			—			—			3,946
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net	1,831		183			9,381			—			—			9,564
Cancellation of restricted shares	(117	)	(11		)	11			—			—			—
Net loss	—		—			—			(22,333		)	—			(22,333		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—			—			—			1,574			1,574
Pension adjustment, net of tax benefit of $400	—		—			—			—			(1,403		)	(1,403		)
Balance at December 31, 2015	31,782		$	3,176		$	291,505		$	(180,399	)	$	4,894		$	119,176

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(22,333	)	$	(6,272	)	$	6,340
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation	11,385			11,159			8,880
Amortization of intangible assets	166			203			299
Amortization of prepaid debt costs	18			20			60
Loss on lease due to restructuring	1,043			—			—
Pension cost	412			319			20
Stock-based compensation expense	3,946			3,967			3,980
Unrealized loss (gain) on foreign currency exchange rates	1,631			(2,126		)	—
Release of tax valuation allowance	(170		)	—			—
Provision for (recovery of) losses on accounts receivable	281			20			(35		)
Provision for losses on inventory	541			910			1,622
Provision for warranties	1,327			717			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade and other accounts receivable	315			(15,100		)	3,729
Inventories	5,251			(1,520		)	(4,568		)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(53		)	(99		)	129
Pension asset	(650		)	(724		)	—
Deferred tax liability	2,017			2,250			994
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	5,031			144			(2,559		)
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	2,362			46			(5,365		)
Accrued employee compensation	(2,670		)	651			4,018
Other long-term liabilities	(470		)	(728		)	2,347
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	9,380			(6,163		)	19,891
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(4,143		)	(6,975		)	(16,850		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(4,143		)	(6,975		)	(16,850		)
Financing activities:
Principal payments on long-term debt and short-term borrowings	(18,845		)	(7,164		)	(10,430		)
Proceeds from long-term and short-term borrowings	3,040			15,279			8,709
Repurchase of shares	—			—			(47		)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under equity compensation plans	875			1,448			412
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of offering costs	9,564			—			—
Restricted cash - compensating balance	(400		)	—			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(5,766		)	9,563			(1,356		)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents from operations	(529		)	(3,575		)	1,685
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	179			(2,340		)	223
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(350		)	(5,915		)	1,908
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	24,732			30,647			28,739
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	24,382		$	24,732		$	30,647
Cash paid for:
Interest	$	245		$	223		$	190
Income taxes	$	3,475		$	3,304		$	1,950
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	345		$	889		$	575

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Maxwell,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Maxwell Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries, and all references to “Maxwell SA” refer to our Swiss subsidiary, Maxwell Technologies, SA.

Note 1—Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Maxwell Technologies, Inc. is a Delaware corporation originally incorporated in 1965 under the name Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. In 1983, the Company completed an initial public offering, and in 1996, changed its name to Maxwell Technologies, Inc. The Company is headquartered in San Diego, California, and has three manufacturing facilities located in San Diego, California; Rossens, Switzerland; and Peoria, Arizona. In addition, the Company has two contract manufacturers located in China. Maxwell operates as single operating segment, which is comprised of three product lines:

•

Ultracapacitors: Maxwell's primary focus, ultracapacitors, are energy storage devices that possess a unique combination of high power density, extremely long operational life and the ability to charge and discharge very rapidly. Maxwell's ultracapacitor cells and multi-cell packs and modules provide highly reliable energy storage and power delivery solutions for applications in multiple industries, including transportation, automotive, information technology, renewable energy and industrial electronics.

•

High-Voltage Capacitors: Maxwell's CONDIS^® high-voltage capacitors are designed and manufactured to perform reliably for decades in all climates. These products include grading and coupling capacitors and electronic voltage transformers that are used to ensure the safety and reliability of electric utility infrastructure and other applications involving transport, distribution and measurement of high-voltage electrical energy.

•

Radiation-Hardened Microelectronic Products: Maxwell's radiation-hardened microelectronic products for satellites and spacecraft include single board computers and components, such as high-density memory and data conversion modules. Many of these products incorporate Maxwell's proprietary RADPAK^® packaging and shielding technology and novel architectures that enable them to withstand the effects of environmental radiation and perform reliably in space.

The Company’s products are designed and manufactured to perform reliably for the life of the products and systems into which they are integrated. The Company achieves high reliability through the application of proprietary technologies and rigorously controlled design, development, manufacturing and test processes.

Financial Statement Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Maxwell Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Liquidity

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had approximately $24.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and working capital of $65.8 million. In July 2015, the Company entered into a loan agreement with East West Bank (“EWB”), whereby EWB made available to the Company a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit which is available up to a maximum of the lesser of: (a) $25.0 million; or (b) a certain percentage of domestic and foreign trade receivables. As of December 31, 2015, there were no drawings under this revolving line of credit and the amount available was $22.7 million. Management believes the available cash balance, along with the available borrowings under the revolving line of credit, will be sufficient to fund operations, obligations as they become due, and capital investments for at least the next twelve months.

Reclassifications

Foreign currency exchange gains and losses have been reclassified from "cost of revenue" and "selling, general and administrative" expenses to "foreign currency exchange gains and losses, net" in the consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications do not impact reported net income (loss) and do not otherwise have a material impact on the presentation of the overall financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. These estimates include, but are not limited to, assessing the collectability of accounts receivable, applied and unapplied production costs, production capacities, the usage and recoverability of inventories and long-lived assets, deferred income taxes, the incurrence of warranty obligations, impairment of goodwill, estimation of the cost to complete certain projects, estimation of pension assets and liabilities, accruals for estimated losses from legal matters, and estimation of the value of stock-based compensation awards, including the probability that the performance criteria of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units awards will be met.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is derived primarily from the sale of manufactured products directly to customers. Product revenue is recognized, according to the guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Numbers 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, and 104, Revenue Recognition, when all of the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists (upon contract signing or receipt of an authorized purchase order from a customer); (2) title passes to the customer at either shipment from the Company’s facilities or receipt at the customer facility, depending on shipping terms; (3) customer payment is deemed fixed or determinable and free of contingencies or significant uncertainties; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. This policy has been consistently applied from period to period.

Revenue from production-type contracts, which represent less than five percent of total revenue, is recognized using the percentage of completion method. The degree of completion is determined based on costs incurred as a percentage of total costs anticipated, excluding costs that are not representative of progress to completion.

Total deferred revenue and customer deposits in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 of $3.1 million and $703,000, respectively, relates to cash received from customers on sales for which the revenue recognition criteria had not been achieved, customer advances, as well as other less significant customer arrangements requiring the deferral of revenue.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash in readily available checking accounts. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash and that mature within three months or less from the date of purchase. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash as of December 31, 2015 consists of a $400,000 cash balance on deposit to secure certain ongoing banking transactions.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Trade receivables are stated at gross invoiced amount less an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects management’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts based on known troubled accounts, historical experience and other currently available evidence.

Inventories, net

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in first-out basis) or market. Finished goods and work-in-process inventory values include the cost of raw materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Consigned inventory includes finished goods delivered to customers for which the related sale has not met the revenue recognition criteria and revenue has not been recognized. Inventory when written down to market value establishes a new cost basis and its value is not subsequently increased based upon changes in underlying facts and circumstances. The Company makes adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value, if required, for estimated excess or obsolete inventories. Factors influencing these adjustments include inventories on-hand compared with historical and estimated future sales for existing and new products and assumptions about the likelihood of obsolescence. Unabsorbed costs are treated as expense in the period incurred.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the related assets (three to ten years). Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful life or the term of the lease. Leasehold improvements funded by landlords are recorded as property and equipment, which is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term, and deferred rent, which is amortized over the lease term. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the net book value of leasehold improvements funded by landlords was $2.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the unamortized balance of deferred rent related to landlord funding of leasehold improvements was $2.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively, which is included in "accounts payable and accrued liabilities" and "other long-term liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheets.

Goodwill

Goodwill, which represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the net fair value assigned to its assets and liabilities, is not amortized. Instead, goodwill is assessed for impairment under the Intangibles—Goodwill and Other Topic of the FASB ASC. The Company has established December 31 as the annual impairment test date. The Company first makes a qualitative assessment as to whether goodwill is impaired and if it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, the Company performs a two-step quantitative impairment analysis to determine if goodwill is impaired. The Company may also determine to skip the qualitative assessment in any year and move directly to the quantitative test. No impairments of goodwill were reported during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. If the Company determines that the carrying value of the asset is not recoverable, a permanent impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. No impairments of property and equipment were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

Warranty Obligation

The Company provides warranties on all product sales. The majority of the Company’s warranties are for one to eight years in the normal course of business. The Company accrues for the estimated warranty costs at the time of sale based on historical warranty experience plus any known or expected changes in warranty exposure. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the accrued warranty liability included in "accounts payable and accrued liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheets was $1.3 million and $716,000, respectively.

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are provided on a liability method in accordance with the Income Taxes Topic of the FASB ASC, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the tax consequences on future years of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts at each period end. If it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recognized. The guidance also provides criteria for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosures of uncertain tax positions. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable based solely on its technical merits.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash balances at various financial institutions primarily in California and in Switzerland. In California, cash balances commonly exceed the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit. In Switzerland, the banks where the Company has cash deposits are either government-owned, or in the case of cash deposited with non-government banks, deposits are insured up to 100,000 Swiss Francs. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to such cash and cash equivalents.

Financial instruments, which subject the Company to potential concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of the Company’s accounts receivable. The Company’s accounts receivable result from product sales to customers in various industries and in various geographical areas, both domestic and foreign. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers and generally requires no collateral. One customer, Shenzhen Xinlikang Supply China Management Co. LTD., accounted for 19% of total revenues in 2015, 20% of total revenues in 2014, and 22% of total revenues in 2013, and accounted for 33% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2015. There were no customers that accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2014.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenditures are expensed in the period incurred. Third-party funding of research and development expense under cost-sharing arrangements is recorded as an offset to research and development expense in the period the expenses are incurred. Research and development expense was $24.7 million, $26.3 million and $22.5 million, net of third-party funding under cost-sharing arrangements of $1.3 million, $1.0 million and $1.3 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Advertising Expense

Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred. Advertising expense was $1.1 million, $1.4 million and $884,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Expense

The Company recognizes shipping and handling expenses as a component of cost of revenue. Total shipping and handling expense included in cost of revenue was $1.0 million, $1.5 million, and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Foreign Currencies

The Company’s primary foreign currency exposure is related to its subsidiary in Switzerland, which has Euro and local currency (Swiss Franc) revenue and operating expenses, and local currency loans. Changes in these currency exchange rates impact the reported U.S. dollar amount of revenue, expenses and debt. The functional currency of the Swiss subsidiary is the Swiss Franc. Assets and liabilities of the Swiss subsidiary are translated at month-end exchange rates, and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated at rates of exchange that approximate the rate in effect at the time of the transaction. Any translation adjustments resulting from this process are presented separately as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses on intercompany balances considered long term in nature are accounted for as translation adjustments within equity. All other foreign currency transaction gains and losses are reported in "foreign currency exchange loss, net" in the consolidated statements of operations.

Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments

As part of its risk management strategy, the Company uses forward contracts to hedge certain foreign currency exposures. The Company's objective is to partially offset gains or losses resulting from these exposures with opposing gains or losses on the forward contracts, thereby reducing volatility of earnings created by these foreign currency exposures. In accordance with the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the FASB ASC, the fair values of the forward contracts are estimated at each period end based on quoted market prices and are recorded as a net asset or liability on the consolidated balance sheets. These contracts are considered economic hedges but are not designated as hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the FASB ASC, therefore, the change in the fair value of the instruments is recognized currently in the consolidated statements of operations and is recorded in "foreign currency exchange loss, net" in the consolidated statements of operations.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

In accordance with the Earnings Per Share Topic of the FASB ASC, basic net income (loss) per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share includes the impact of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares were issued. Potentially dilutive securities are not considered in the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share data):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Numerator
Net income (loss)	$	(22,333	)	$	(6,272	)	$	6,340
Denominator
Weighted average common shares outstanding	30,716			29,216			28,869
Effect of potentially dilutive securities
Options to purchase common stock	—			—			16
Restricted stock awards	—			—			3
Restricted stock unit awards	—			—			14
Employee stock purchase plan	—			—			1
Weighted average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution	30,716			29,216			28,903
Net income (loss) per share
Basic	$	(0.73	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.22
Diluted	$	(0.73	)	$	(0.21	)	$	0.22

The following table summarizes instruments that may be convertible into common shares that are not included in the denominator used in the diluted net income (loss) per share calculation because to do so would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):



Common Stock	2015	2014	2013
Outstanding options to purchase common stock	931	672	790
Unvested restricted stock awards	245	528	424
Unvested restricted stock unit awards	885	224	—
Employee stock purchase plan awards	10	9	1

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company issues stock-based compensation awards to its employees and non-employee directors, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and shares under an employee stock purchase plan. The Company records compensation expense for stock-based awards in accordance with the criteria set forth in the Stock Compensation Subtopic of the FASB ASC. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option grants. The determination of the fair value of stock options utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the Company’s stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

The fair value of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") and restricted stock unit awards ("RSUs") with service-based or performance-based vesting is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense equal to the fair value of each RSA or RSU is recognized ratably over the requisite service period. For RSAs and RSUs with vesting contingent on Company performance conditions, the Company uses the requisite service period that is most likely to occur. The requisite service period is estimated based on the performance period as well as any time-based service requirements. If it is unlikely that a performance condition will be achieved, no compensation expense is recognized unless it is later determined that achievement of the performance condition is likely. Expense may be adjusted for changes in the expected outcomes of the related performance conditions, with the impact of such changes recognized as a cumulative adjustment in the consolidated statement of operations in the period in which the expectation changes.

In 2014, the Company issued market-condition RSUs to certain members of executive management. Since the vesting of the market-condition RSUs is dependent on stock price performance, the fair values of these awards were estimated using a Monte-Carlo valuation model. The determination of the fair value of market-condition RSUs utilizing a Monte-Carlo valuation model was affected by the Company’s stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

Share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations is based on equity awards ultimately expected to vest. The FASB ASC requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods with a cumulative catch up adjustment if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. For market-condition awards, because the effect of the market-condition is reflected as a discount to the awards' fair value at grant date, subsequent forfeitures due to the Company's stock price performance do not result in a reversal of expense.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard provides companies with a single model for accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific revenue guidance. The core principle of the model is to recognize revenue when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer, as opposed to recognizing revenue when the risks and rewards transfer to the customer under the existing revenue guidance. The guidance permits companies to either apply the requirements retrospectively to all prior periods presented, or apply the requirements in the year of adoption, through a cumulative adjustment. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Deferral of the Effective date, which defers the required adoption date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. As a result of the deferred effective date, ASU 2014-09 will be effective for the Company in its first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted but not before the original effective date of the new standard of the first quarter of fiscal 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the transition method that will be elected and the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued and provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all entities and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The update changes the presentation of debt issuance costs to a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. ASU 2015-03 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted, and the new guidance is to be applied on a retrospective basis to all prior periods. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, to simplify the presentation of deferred taxes. This amendment requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowances, be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, and the new guidance may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company has adopted this guidance prospectively as of December 31, 2015. Therefore, prior periods have not been adjusted to reflect this adoption.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The new guidance was issued to more closely align the measurement of inventory in U.S. GAAP with the measurement of inventory in International Financial Reporting Standards. The core principle of this updated guidance is that an entity should measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The amendments in ASU 2015-11 apply to inventory that is measured using the first-in, first-out or average cost methods. ASU 2015-11 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10). This standard makes several modifications to Subtopic 825-10 including the elimination of the available-for-sale classification of equity investments, and requires equity investments with readily determinable fair values to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. It is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial statements.

Business Enterprise Information

The Company operates as a single operating segment. According to the FASB ASC Topic Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer who evaluates the Company’s financial information and resources and assesses performance on a consolidated basis.

Revenues by product line and geographic area are presented below (in thousands):



	Years ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Revenues by product line:
Ultracapacitors	$	114,525	$	135,637	$	136,277
High-voltage capacitors	41,718		40,361		43,339
Microelectronic products	11,129		10,588		13,918
Total	$	167,372	$	186,586	$	193,534

	Years ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Revenues from external customers located in:
China	$	87,856	$	89,143	$	92,817
United States	20,836		23,758		29,090
Germany	13,972		16,384		25,935
All other countries ⁽¹⁾	44,708		57,301		45,692
Total	$	167,372	$	186,586	$	193,534

_____________


(1)	Revenue from external customers located in countries included in “All other countries” do not individually comprise more than 10% of total revenues for any of the years presented.

Long-lived assets by geographic location are as follows (in thousands):



	As of December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	22,267	$	28,013	$	33,740
China	4,148		4,991		5,444
Switzerland	6,021		5,663		6,422
Total	$	32,436	$	38,667	$	45,606

Note 2—Balance Sheet Details (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2015			2014
Inventories, net:
Raw material and purchased parts	$	21,126		$	23,042
Work-in-process	4,367			2,522
Finished goods	16,913			23,127
Consigned finished goods	28			184
Reserves	(3,379		)	(4,019		)
Total inventories, net	$	39,055		$	44,856

Property and equipment, net:
Machinery, furniture and office equipment	$	76,077		$	72,323
Computer hardware and software	12,235			12,003
Leasehold improvements	16,883			16,661
Construction in progress	2,527			2,715
Property and equipment, gross	107,722			103,702
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(75,398		)	(64,479		)
Total property and equipment, net	$	32,324		$	39,223

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	22,291		$	12,544
Income tax payable	1,376			1,852
Accrued warranty	1,288			716
Other accrued liabilities	9,030			11,899
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	33,985		$	27,011



	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Defined Benefit Pension Plan			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Affected Line Item in the Statement of Operations
Accumulated other comprehensive income:
Balance at December 31, 2014	$	8,359	$	(3,636	)	$	4,723
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	1,574		—			1,574
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—		(1,403		)	(1,403		)	Cost of Sales, Selling, General and Administrative and Research and Development Expense
Net other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2015	1,574		(1,403		)	171
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	9,933	$	(5,039	)	$	4,894

Note 3—Goodwill

The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually according to the Intangibles—Goodwill and Other Topic of the FASB ASC. The Company makes a qualitative evaluation about the likelihood of goodwill impairment and if it concludes that it is more likely than not that the carrying amount of a reporting unit is greater than its fair value, then it will be required to perform the first step of the two-step quantitative impairment test. Otherwise, performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. The first step consists of estimating the fair value and comparing the estimated fair value with the carrying value of the reporting unit. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, a second step is performed to compute the amount of the impairment by determining an implied fair value of goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is the residual fair value derived by deducting the fair value of a reporting unit’s assets and liabilities from its estimated total fair value, which was calculated in step one. An impairment charge would represent the excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of the goodwill. The guidance requires goodwill to be reviewed annually at the same time every year or when an event occurs or circumstances change such that it is reasonably possible that an impairment may exist. The Company selected December 31 as its annual testing date. As a result of the Company’s annual assessments as of December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, no impairment was indicated.

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill during 2014 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):



Balance at December 31, 2013	$	25,978
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(2,379		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	23,599
Foreign currency translation adjustments	36
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	23,635

Note 4—Fair Value Measurement

The Company records certain financial instruments at fair value in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the FASB ASC. As of December 31, 2015, the financial instruments to which this topic applied were financial instruments for foreign currency forward contracts and pension assets.

As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of foreign currency forward contracts was an asset of $16,000, which is recorded in “trade and other accounts receivable” in the consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of derivative instruments is measured using models following quoted market prices in active markets for identical instruments, which is a Level 2 input under the fair value hierarchy of the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the FASB ASC. All forward contracts as of December 31, 2015 had approximately a one-month original maturity term and matured on January 5, 2016 or February 2, 2016. Also see Note 6, Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments, and Note 11, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further discussion of fair value measurements.

The carrying value of short-term and long-term borrowings approximates fair value because of the relative short maturity of these instruments and the interest rates the Company could currently obtain.

Note 5—Credit Facilities

Revolving Line of Credit

In July 2015, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with East West Bank (“EWB”), whereby EWB made available to the Company a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Line of Credit”). The Revolving Line of Credit is available up to a maximum of the lesser of: (a) $25.0 million; or (b) a certain percentage of domestic and foreign trade receivables. As of December 31, 2015 the amount available under the Revolving Line of Credit was $22.7 million. In general, amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit are secured by a lien on all of the Company’s assets, including its intellectual property, as well as a pledge of 100% of its equity interests in the Company’s Swiss subsidiary. The obligations under the Loan Agreement are guaranteed by the Swiss subsidiary. The Revolving Line of Credit will mature on July 3, 2018; however, repayment of amounts owed pursuant to the Loan Agreement may be accelerated in the event that the Company is in violation of the representations, warranties and covenants made in the Loan Agreement, including certain financial covenants set forth therein. The financial covenants that the Company is required to meet during the term of the credit agreement include a minimum four-quarter rolling EBITDA, a quarterly minimum quick ratio and a monthly minimum cash requirement.

Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit bear interest, payable monthly. Such interest shall accrue based upon, at the Company’s election, subject to certain limitations, either the Prime Rate plus a margin ranging from 0% to 0.50% or the LIBOR Rate plus a margin ranging from 2.75% to 3.25%, the specific rate for each as determined based upon the Company’s leverage ratio from time to time.

The Company is required to pay an annual commitment fee of $125,000, and an unused commitment fee of the average daily unused amount of the Revolving Line of Credit, payable monthly, equal to a per annum rate in a range of 0.30% to 0.50%, as determined by the Company’s leverage ratio on the last day of the previous fiscal quarter. No amounts have been borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit as of December 31, 2015.

Former Credit Facility

In December 2011, the Company obtained a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit (the “Former Revolving Line of Credit”) and an equipment term loan (the “Equipment Term Loan”) (together, the “Former Credit Facility”). Borrowings under the Former Credit Facility bore interest, payable monthly, at either (i) the bank's prime rate or (ii) LIBOR plus 2.25%, at the Company's option subject to certain limitations. The Equipment Term Loan was available to finance 80% of eligible equipment purchases made between April 1, 2011 and April 30, 2012. During this period, the Company borrowed $5.0 million under the Equipment Term Loan. The balance of the Equipment Term Loan was paid in full by the maturity date of April 30, 2015. Concurrently with entering into the Loan Agreement described above, in July 2015, the Company repaid all outstanding loans under the Former Revolving Line of Credit and the Former Credit Facility was terminated. The Company did not incur any early termination or prepayment penalties under the Former Credit Facility in connection with the above transactions.

Other Long-term Borrowings

Note 6—Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments

Maxwell uses forward contracts to hedge certain monetary assets and liabilities, primarily receivables and payables, and cash balances, denominated in foreign currencies. The change in fair value of these forward contracts represents a natural hedge as gains and losses on these instruments partially offset the changes in the fair value of the underlying monetary assets and liabilities due to movements in currency exchange rates. These forward contracts generally expire in one month. These contracts are considered economic hedges but are not designated as hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the FASB ASC, therefore, the change in the fair value of the instruments is recognized currently in the consolidated statements of operations.

The net gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts included in "foreign currency exchange loss, net" in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Total gain (loss)	$	(720	)	$	(5,265	)	$	359

The net gains and losses on foreign currency derivative contracts were partially offset by net gains and losses on the underlying monetary assets and liabilities. Foreign currency gains and losses on those underlying monetary assets and liabilities included in "foreign currency exchange loss, net" in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Total gain (loss)	$	179	$	4,391	$	(1,009	)

As of December 31, 2015, the total notional amount of foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedges was $1.3 million.

The following table presents gross amounts, amounts offset and net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets for the Company's derivative instruments measured at fair value (in thousands):



	December 31, 2015			December 31, 2014
Gross amounts of recognized asset (liability)	$	66		$	(1,993	)
Gross amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheets	(50		)	350
Net amount of recognized asset (liability) presented in the consolidated balance sheets	$	16		$	(1,643	)

The Company has the legal right to offset these recognized assets and liabilities upon settlement of the derivative instruments. All of the forward contracts outstanding at December 31, 2015 matured on January 5, 2016 or February 2, 2016. For additional information, refer to Note 4, Fair Value Measurements.

Note 7—Stock Plans

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company has two active share-based compensation plans as of December 31, 2015: the 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and the 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”), as approved by the stockholders. Under the Incentive Plan, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units have been granted to employees and non-employee directors. Generally, these awards vest over periods of one to four years. In addition, equity awards have been issued to senior management where vesting of the award is tied to Company performance or market conditions. The Company’s policy is to issue new shares of its common stock upon the exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted stock units, granting of restricted stock awards or ESPP purchases.

The Company’s Incentive Plan currently provides for an equity incentive pool of 3,750,000 shares. Shares reserved for issuance are replenished by forfeited shares. Additionally, equity awards forfeited under the Company’s 2005 equity incentive plan are added to the total shares available for issuance under the Incentive Plan.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, the tax benefit associated with stock option exercises, restricted stock unit vesting, restricted stock grants, and disqualifying dispositions of both incentive stock options and stock issued under the Company’s ESPP, was approximately $1.4 million. No tax benefits were recognized in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 or 2013 because excess tax benefits were not realized by the Company.

Stock Options

The Company grants stock options to its employees and executive management on a discretionary basis. The following table summarizes total aggregate stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands, except for per share data):



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance at December 31, 2014	672		$	12.00
Granted	322		6.72
Exercised	(19	)	6.80
Cancelled	(44	)	11.70
Balance at December 31, 2015	931		$	10.19	3.85	$	196
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2015	886		$	10.38	3.57	$	162
Exercisable at December 31, 2015	638		$	11.81	1.34	$	16

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2013 was $3.34 and $2.89, respectively. No stock options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2014. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $16,000, $638,000 and $18,000, respectively. Cash proceeds from option exercises for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $128,000.

The fair value of the stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2013 was estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model using the following assumptions:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015		2013
Expected dividends	—	%	—	%
Expected volatility range	60% to 61%		58% to 69%
Expected volatility weighted average	60	%	63	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.6	%	1.1% to 2.1%
Expected life/term weighted average (in years)	4.9		2.9

The expected dividend yield is zero because the Company has never paid cash dividends and has no present intention to pay cash dividends. The expected term is based on the Company’s historical experience from previous stock option grants. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock measured over a period commensurate with the expected option term. The Company does not consider implied volatility due to the low volume of publicly traded options in the Company's stock. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the zero coupon rate on U.S. Treasury instruments with a term comparable to the option’s expected term.

As of December 31, 2015, there was $741,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.3 years.

Restricted Stock Awards

In 2011, the Company began granting restricted stock awards ("RSAs") to its employees as part of its annual equity incentive award programs. Generally, vesting of RSAs is contingent upon a period of service, typically four years. In addition, the Company granted performance RSAs to executive management with vesting contingent upon specified Company performance conditions; however, no performance RSAs vested or are expected to vest. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company ceased granting RSAs and began granting restricted stock unit awards ("RSUs") to employees and executive management as part of its annual equity incentive award program.

The following table summarizes RSA activity for the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands, except for per share data):



	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2014	528		$	13.77
Vested	(180	)	15.58
Forfeited	(103	)	10.37
Nonvested at December 31, 2015	245		$	13.87

The weighted average grant date fair value of RSAs granted during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $14.21 and $10.20, respectively. No RSAs were granted during the year ended December 31, 2015.

The vest date fair value of RSAs vested in 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $1.2 million, $1.2 million and $916,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, there was $2.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSAs expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

Restricted Stock Units

Non-employee directors receive annual RSU awards, normally in February of each year, as partial consideration for their annual retainer compensation. These awards vest in full one year from the date of grant provided the non-employee director provides continued service.

Beginning in 2014, the Company began granting RSUs to employees and executive management as part of its annual equity incentive award program. The majority of RSU awards are service-based and vest in equal installments over four years of continuous service. Each RSU represents the right to receive one unrestricted share of the Company’s common stock upon vesting.

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands, except for per share data):



	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2014	224		$	10.02
Granted	829		7.02
Vested	(80	)	10.02
Forfeited	(88	)	8.57
Nonvested at December 31, 2015	885		$	7.36

The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $7.02, $12.63 and $10.25, respectively. The vest date fair value of RSUs vested in 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $498,000, $631,000 and $275,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, there was $2.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSU awards. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.

Included in RSU activity above are 215,000 and 50,000 performance-RSUs granted in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 with an average grant date fair value of $7.18 and $10.85 per share, respectively, and vesting contingent upon specified Company performance conditions. Also included in RSUs are 70,000 market-condition RSUs granted in 2014, which vest upon the achievement of certain stock price thresholds and the completion of three years of continuous employment from the date of grant and have an average grant date fair value of $7.71 per share. Since the vesting of the market-condition RSUs is dependent on stock price performance, the fair values of these awards were estimated using a Monte-Carlo valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions:



	Year ended December 31, 2014
Market price at grant per share	$	15.03
Expected dividends	—
Expected volatility	65		%
Risk-free interest rate	0.86		%

The following table summarizes the amount of compensation expense recognized for RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014		2013
Service-based restricted stock units	$	1,362		$	749	$	592
Performance-based restricted stock units	(28		)	28		—
Market-condition restricted stock units	128			90		—
Total compensation expense recognized for employee restricted stock units	$	1,462		$	867	$	592

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In 2013, the Company amended and restated the 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). Pursuant to the ESPP, the aggregate number of shares of common stock which may be purchased shall not exceed 1,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, 145,733 and 93,588 shares, respectively, were purchased under the ESPP.

The ESPP permits substantially all employees to purchase common stock through payroll deductions, at 85% of the lower of the trading price of the stock at the beginning or at the end of each six-month offering period. The number of shares purchased is based on participants’ contributions made during the offering period.

The fair value of the “look back” option for ESPP shares issued during the offering period is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model for a call and a put option. The share price used for the model is a 15% discount on the stock price on the last trading day before the offering period; the number of shares to be purchased is based on employee contributions. The fair value of ESPP awards was calculated using the following weighted-average assumptions:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Expected dividends	—		%	—		%	—		%
Stock price on valuation date	5.97			8.47			7.77
Expected volatility	57		%	77		%	46		%
Risk-free interest rate	0.29		%	0.08		%	0.07		%
Expected life (in years)	0.5			0.4			0.3
Fair value per share	$	1.86		$	4.56		$	2.45

The intrinsic value of shares of the Company’s stock purchased pursuant to the ESPP for offering periods within the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $210,000, $449,000 and $33,000, respectively.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Compensation cost for stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and the ESPP is as follows (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Stock options	$	232	$	52	$	827
Restricted stock	1,974		2,536		2,491
Restricted stock units	1,462		867		592
ESPP	278		512		70
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,946	$	3,967	$	3,980

Stock-based compensation cost included in cost of revenue; selling, general and administrative expense; and research and development expense is as follows (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Cost of revenue	$	644	$	740	$	1,079
Selling, general and administrative	2,502		2,362		2,140
Research and development	800		865		761
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,946	$	3,967	$	3,980

Share Reservations

The following table summarizes the reservation of shares under the Company's stock-based compensation plans as of December 31, 2015:



2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan	2,200,800
2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan	307,126
Total	2,507,926

Table of Contents

Note 8—Shelf Registration Statement

On June 3, 2014, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") to, from time to time, sell up to an aggregate of $125 million of any combination of its common stock, warrants, debt securities or units. On June 30, 2014, the registration statement was declared effective by the SEC. On April 23, 2015, the Company entered into an At-the-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement (“Sales Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”) pursuant to which they could sell, up to an aggregate of $10.0 million in shares of common stock through Cowen, as sales agent. Under the Sales Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Cowen a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock. On June 11, 2015, the Company completed the sale of approximately $10.0 million of common stock and terminated the offering. Approximately 1.83 million shares were sold in the offering at an average share price of $5.46. The Company received net proceeds of $9.6 million after commissions and offering costs of $406,000. Due to a late Form 8-K filing by the Company on June 1, 2015, which was due by May 29, 2015, the Company is currently ineligible to use its shelf registration statement beginning on the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company expects to again be eligible as of June 1, 2016.

Note 9—Income Taxes

For financial reporting purposes, income (loss) before income taxes includes the following components (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
United States	$	(35,074	)	$	(19,301	)	$	(5,270	)
Foreign	17,344			17,375			13,762
Total	$	(17,730	)	$	(1,926	)	$	8,492

The provision for income taxes based on income (loss) before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Federal:
Current	$	—		$	—		$	(258	)
Deferred	(4,297		)	(5,608		)	222
	(4,297		)	(5,608		)	(36		)
State:
Current	6			6			6
Deferred	62			853			88
	68			859			94
Foreign:
Current	4,930			2,453			2,022
Deferred	8			1,944			311
	4,938			4,397			2,333
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance	3,894			4,698			(239		)
Tax provision	$	4,603		$	4,346		$	2,152

The provision for income taxes in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations differs from the amount calculated by applying the statutory income tax rate to income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes. The primary components of such difference are as follows (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Taxes at federal statutory rate	$	(6,028	)	$	(655	)	$	2,888
State taxes, net of federal benefit	(236		)	(90		)	(29		)
Effect of tax rate differential for foreign subsidiary	(2,641		)	(3,570		)	(2,531		)
Valuation allowance, including tax benefits of stock activity	3,894			4,698			(239		)
Foreign taxes on unremitted earnings	2,085			1,590			—
Stock-based compensation	134			621			460
Foreign withholding taxes	180			—			—
Return to provision adjustments	1,131			536			(920		)
Subpart F income inclusion	5,914			1,167			2,446
Other	170			49			77
Tax provision	$	4,603		$	4,346		$	2,152

The Company has established a valuation allowance against its U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets as evidenced by the cumulative losses from operations through December 31, 2015. Management periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets. At such time as it is determined that it is more likely than not that deferred assets are realizable, the valuation allowance will be reduced accordingly and recorded as a tax benefit, with the exception of $15.5 million which will impact additional paid in capital as discussed below. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $68.1 million as of December 31, 2015 to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets that may not be realized. The Company released its valuation allowance related to its Germany subsidiary of $316,000 as the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company increased its valuation allowance by $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.

At December 31, 2015, the Company has federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $152.9 million and $61.2 million, respectively. The federal tax loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2020 and the state tax loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2016. In addition, the Company has research and development and other tax credit carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes as of December 31, 2015 of $6.1 million and $7.7 million, respectively. The federal credits will begin to expire in 2019 unless utilized and the state credits have an indefinite life. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383, use of the Company’s federal net operating loss and credit carryforwards may be limited due to a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% within a three-year period.

Excess tax benefits associated with stock option exercises, restricted stock grants, and disqualifying dispositions of both incentive stock options and stock issued from the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan in the amount of $3.5 million and $3.6 million, for 2015 and 2014, respectively, did not reduce current income taxes payable and, accordingly, are not included in the deferred tax asset relating to net operating loss carryforwards, but are included with the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards disclosed in this footnote. The tax benefits associated with stock option deductions from 1998 to 2005 in the amount of $15.5 million were not recorded in additional paid-in capital because their realization was not more likely than not to occur and, consequently, a valuation allowance was recorded against the entire benefit.

The Company has been granted a tax holiday in Switzerland, which is effective as of January 1, 2012 for 10 years. The tax holiday is conditional upon the Company meeting certain employment and investment thresholds. The impact of this tax holiday decreased foreign taxes by $672,000 and $665,000 for 2015 and 2014, respectively. The benefit of the tax holiday on net loss per diluted share was $0.02 and $0.02 for 2015 and 2014, respectively.

The Company records U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries’ earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested outside of the U.S. As a result of changes in the Company's financial projections, the Company changed its estimate of amounts considered permanently reinvested. Therefore, in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability of $2.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively, associated with $41.7 million and $31.8 million, respectively, of unremitted earnings of a foreign subsidiary that are no longer considered indefinitely reinvested. In the event that the Company repatriates these funds, this withholding tax would become payable to the Swiss government. As of December 31, 2015, the cumulative amount of undistributed earnings considered indefinitely reinvested was $10.2 million. Determination of the amount of any unrecognized deferred income tax liability on the excess of the financial reporting basis over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries is not practicable because of the complexities of the hypothetical calculation.

Items that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax accounts are as follows (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2015			2014
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards	$	52,504		$	54,551
Tax credit carryforwards	19			19
Uniform capitalization, contract and inventory related reserves	1,558			1,728
Accrued vacation	592			669
Stock-based compensation	1,466			1,428
Capitalized research and development	6,212			—
Tax basis depreciation less book depreciation	1,019			—
Intangible assets	1,533			1,364
Deferred revenue	254			149
Accrued foreign taxes	1,271			—
Unrealized gains and losses	—			1,780
Other	2,527			2,668
Total	68,955			64,356
Deferred tax liabilities:
Inventory deduction	(235		)	(206		)
Pension assets	(1,173		)	(1,476		)
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(378		)	(407		)
Tax basis depreciation less book depreciation	—			(192		)
Withholding tax on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiary	(3,675		)	(1,590		)
Unrealized gains and losses	(984		)	—
Other	(1		)	(241		)
Total	(6,446		)	(4,112		)
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	62,509			60,244
Valuation allowance	(68,093		)	(64,199		)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(5,584	)	$	(3,955	)

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, deferred tax assets of $491,000 and $460,000, respectively were included in other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax benefits in accordance with the provisions of section 740-10 of the Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes Topic of the FASB ASC. Of the total unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2015, approximately $13.8 million was recorded as a reduction to deferred tax assets, which caused a corresponding reduction in the Company’s valuation allowance of $13.8 million. To the extent unrecognized tax benefits are recognized at a time when a valuation allowance does not exist, the recognition of the $13.8 million tax benefit would reduce the effective tax rate. The Company does not anticipate that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2015 will change materially within the 12 month period following December 31, 2015.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):



Balance at December 31, 2013	$	12,634
Increase in current period positions	890
Decrease in prior period positions	(1,585		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	11,939
Increase in current period positions	1,466
Increase in prior period positions	609
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	14,014

The Company recognizes interest and penalties as a component of income tax expense. Interest and penalties for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $119,000, $34,000 and $126,000, respectively.

The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for tax years subsequent to 2009 are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and its state income tax returns subsequent to 2008 are subject to examination by state tax authorities. The Company’s foreign tax returns subsequent to 2004 are subject to examination by the foreign tax authorities.

Net operating losses from years for which the statute of limitations has expired (2008 and prior for federal and 2007 and prior for state) could be adjusted in the event that the taxing jurisdictions challenge the amounts of net operating loss carryforwards from such years.

Note 10—Leases

Rental expense amounted to $5.0 million, $5.6 million and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and was incurred primarily for facility leases. Future annual minimum rental commitments as of December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):



Fiscal Years
2016	$	4,316
2017	3,652
2018	2,274
2019	2,266
2020	1,266
Thereafter	2,407
Total	$	16,181

Note 11—Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

Foreign Plan

The Compensation—Retirement Benefits Subtopic of the FASB ASC requires balance sheet recognition of the total over funded or underfunded status of pension and postretirement benefit plans. Under the guidance, actuarial gains and losses, prior service costs or credits, and any remaining transition assets or obligations that have not been recognized under previous accounting standards must be recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity, net of tax effects, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost (income).

The Company’s plan is regulated by the Swiss Government and is funded by the employees and the Company. The pension benefit is based on compensation, length of service and credited investment earnings. The plan guarantees both a minimum rate of return as well as minimum annuity purchase rates. The Company’s funding policy with respect to the pension plan is to contribute the amount required by Swiss law, using the required percentage applied to the employee’s compensation. In addition, participating employees are required to contribute to the pension plan. The Company made pension contributions of $640,000, $720,000 and $722,000 in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively; 45% of the total contributions to the plan each year are made by the employees. This plan has a measurement date of December 31. The Company does not have any rights to the assets of the plan other than the right to offset the liabilities of the plan.

The net pension asset decreased from $7.4 million to $5.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease in plan assets was primarily due to a significant number of employee departures and the corresponding benefits paid from account balances combined with a decreased return on plan assets. The increase in the benefit obligation was affected by an actuarial loss resulting from assumption changes made to reflect current market conditions as well as other plan costs. This increase was partially offset by the amount of benefits paid. The accumulated benefit obligation was approximately $31.3 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. The plan is fully funded and continues to be in a surplus condition.

The following table reflects changes in the pension benefit obligation and plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	Pension Benefits
	Years ended December 31,
	2015			2014
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	33,006		$	32,577
Service cost	958			846
Interest cost	332			697
Plan participant contributions	523			593
Benefits paid	(3,064		)	(3,018		)
Actuarial loss	1,262			4,974
Plan change	83			—
Effect of foreign currency translation	53			(3,663		)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	33,153			33,006
Changes in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	40,368			43,145
Actual return on plan assets	419			3,478
Company contributions	640			720
Plan participant contributions	523			593
Benefits paid	(3,064		)	(3,018		)
Effect of foreign currency translation	116			(4,550		)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	39,002			40,368
Funded status at end of year	$	5,849		$	7,362

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of (in thousands):



	As of December 31,
	2015		2014
Net long-term pension asset	$	5,849	$	7,362

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following:
Net prior service cost	837		853
Net loss	5,668		3,897
Accumulated other comprehensive loss before taxes	$	6,505	$	4,750

The components of net periodic pension cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) before taxes are as follows (in thousands):



	Years ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Components of net periodic pension cost:
Service cost	$	958		$	846		$	831
Interest cost	332			697			504
Expected return on plan assets	(1,551		)	(1,784		)	(1,539		)
Prior service cost amortization	136			140			44
Deferred loss amortization	45			—			180
Settlement cost	492			420			—
Net periodic pension cost	$	412		$	319		$	20
Other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:
Prior service cost amortization	$	(136	)	$	(140	)	$	(44	)
Loss (gain) on value of plan assets	1,131			(1,695		)	(2,977		)
Actuarial (gain) loss on benefit obligation	1,262			4,975			(405		)
Plan change	83			—			978
Settlement	(492		)	(420		)	—
Deferred loss amortization	(45		)	—			(180		)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), before taxes	$	1,803		$	2,720		$	(2,628	)
Total recognized in net periodic pension cost and other comprehensive income (loss), before taxes	$	2,215		$	3,039		$	(2,608	)

Assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation and net periodic pension cost are as follows:



	Pension Benefits
	Years ended December 31,
	2015		2014
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rate	0.75	%	1.00	%
Rate of compensation increase	2.50	%	2.50	%
Measurement date	11/30/2015		12/31/2014
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost:
Discount rate	1.00	%	2.25	%
Expected long-term return on plan assets	3.75	%	4.25	%
Rate of compensation increase	2.50	%	2.50	%


Percentage of the fair value of total plan assets held in each major category of plan assets:
Equity securities	29	%	33	%
Debt securities	23	%	22	%
Real estate investment funds	43	%	40	%
Other	5	%	5	%
Total	100	%	100	%

The pension plan’s overall strategy and investment policy is managed by the board of the plan. The overall long-term rate is based on the target asset allocation of 14% Swiss bonds, 10% non-Swiss hedged bonds, 10% Swiss equities, 15% global equities, 40% real estate, 5% emerging market equities, 4% alternative investments and 2% cash and other short-term investments.

The 2016 expected future long-term rate of return is estimated to be 3.00%, which is based on historical asset rates of returns for each asset allocation classification at a 0.21% rate for Swiss bonds, 0% for hedged foreign bonds, 2.54% for real estate, 3.52% for Swiss equities, 5.21% for unhedged global equities, 5.21% unhedged emerging markets, 1.23% for alternative investments and 0.23% for cash. The 2015 expected long-term rate of return was 3.75% and was based on the historical asset rates of return of 0.76% for Swiss bonds, 5.31% for unhedged emerging markets, 1.04% for hedged foreign bonds, 3.69% for real property, 4.10% for Swiss equities and 5.45% for unhedged global equities, 2.33% for alternative investments and 1.32% for cash.



Expected amortization during the year ending December 31, 2016 is as follows (in thousands):

Amortization of net prior service costs	$	149

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid (in thousands):



2016	$	1,360
2017	1,372
2018	1,431
2019	1,411
2020	1,340
Years 2021 through 2025	7,392
Total	$	14,306

The Company expects to contribute approximately $550,000 to the pension plan in 2016.

Investment objectives:

The primary investment goal of the pension plan is to achieve a total annualized return of 3.00% over the long-term. The investments are evaluated, compared and benchmarked to plans with similar investment strategies. The plan also attempts to minimize risk by not having any single security or class of securities with a disproportionate impact on the plan. As a guideline, assets are diversified by asset classes (equity, fixed income/bonds, and alternative investments).

The fair values of the plans assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014, by asset category, are as follows (in thousands):



			Fair Value Measurements at
			December 31, 2015
	Total		Active Market Prices (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash:
Held in Swiss Franc, Euro and USD	$	808	$	808	$	—	$	—
Equity securities:
Investment funds	12,292		11,303		989		—
Real estate investment funds	16,917		—		—		16,917
Fixed income / Bond Securities
Fixed income / Bond securities:	8,949		8,949		—		—
Other assets (accounts receivable, assets at real estate management company)	36		—		36		—
Net assets of pension plan	$	39,002	$	21,060	$	1,025	$	16,917



			Fair Value Measurements at
			December 31, 2014
	Total		Active Market Prices (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash:
Held in Swiss Franc, Euro and USD	$	973	$	973	$	—	$	—
Equity securities:
Investment funds	14,481		14,481		—		—
Real estate investment funds	16,049		—		—		16,049
Fixed income / Bond Securities
Fixed income / Bond securities:	8,839		8,839		—		—
Other assets (accounts receivable, assets at real estate management company)	26		—		26		—
Net assets of pension plan	$	40,368	$	24,293	$	26	$	16,049

Fair Value of Assets

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

For those financial instruments with significant Level 3 inputs, the following table summarizes the activity for the year by investment type:



Description	Real estate investments
Beginning balance, December 31, 2014	$	16,049
Total unrealized gains included in net gain ⁽¹⁾	869
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1		)
Ending balance, December 31, 2015	$	16,917

_____________


(1)	Total unrealized gains are reported as a component of the pension adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity.

U.S. Plan

The Company has a postretirement benefit plan covering its employees in the United States. Substantially all U.S. employees are eligible to elect coverage under a contributory employee savings plan which provides for Company matching contributions based on one-half of employee contributions up to certain plan limits. The Company’s matching contributions under this plan totaled $637,000, $547,000 and $506,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Note 12—Legal Proceedings

Although the Company expects to incur significant legal fees in connection with the below legal proceedings, the Company is unable to estimate the amount of such legal fees and therefore, such fees will be expensed in the period the legal services are performed.

FCPA Matter

In January 2011, the Company reached settlements with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) with respect to charges asserted by the SEC and DOJ relating to the anti-bribery, books and records, internal controls, and disclosure provisions of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other securities laws violations. The Company paid the monetary penalties under these settlements in installments such that all monetary penalties were paid in full by January 2013. With respect to the DOJ charges, a judgment of dismissal was issued in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California on March 28, 2014.

On October 15, 2013, the Company received an informal notice from the DOJ that an indictment against the former Senior Vice President and General Manager of its Swiss subsidiary had been filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. The indictment is against the individual, a former officer, and not against the Company and the Company does not foresee that further penalties or fines could be assessed against it as a corporate entity for this matter. However, the Company may be required throughout the term of the action to advance the legal fees and costs incurred by the individual defendant and to incur other financial obligations. While the Company maintains directors’ and officers’ insurance policies which are intended to cover legal expenses related to its indemnification obligations in situations such as these, the Company cannot determine if and to what extent the insurance policy will cover the legal fees for this matter. Accordingly, the legal fees that may be incurred by the Company in defending this former officer could have a material impact on its financial condition and results of operation.

Swiss Bribery Matter

In August 2013, the Company's Swiss subsidiary was served with a search warrant from the Swiss federal prosecutor’s office. At the end of the search, the Swiss federal prosecutor presented the Company with a listing of the materials gathered by the representatives and then removed the materials from its premises for keeping at the prosecutor’s office. Based upon the Company’s exposure to the case, the Company believes this action to be related to the same or similar facts and circumstances as the FCPA action previously settled with the SEC and the DOJ. During initial discussions, the Swiss prosecutor has acknowledged both the existence of the Company's deferred prosecution agreement with the DOJ and its cooperation efforts thereunder, both of which should have a positive impact on discussions going forward. Additionally, other than the activities previously reviewed in conjunction with the SEC and DOJ matters under the FCPA, the Company has no reason to believe that additional facts or circumstances are under review by the Swiss authorities. In late March 2015, the Company was informed that the Swiss prosecutor intended to inform the parties in April 2015 as to whether the prosecutor’s office will bring charges or abandon the proceedings. However, to date, the Swiss prosecutor has not issued its formal decision. At this stage in the investigation, the Company is currently unable to determine the extent to which it will be subject to fines in accordance with Swiss bribery laws and what additional expenses will be incurred in order to defend this matter. As such, the Company cannot determine whether there is a reasonable possibility that a loss will be incurred nor can it estimate the range of any such potential loss. Accordingly, the Company has not accrued an amount for any potential loss associated with this action, but an adverse result could have a material adverse impact on its financial condition and results of operation.

Government Investigations

In early 2013, the Company voluntarily provided information to the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of California and the SEC related to its announcement that it intended to file restated financial statements for fiscal years 2011 and 2012. On June 11, 2015, the Company received a subpoena from the SEC requesting certain documents related to, among other things, the facts and circumstances surrounding the restated financial statements. The Company is providing information to the SEC in response to that subpoena and continues to cooperate with the SEC. At this stage, the Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this investigation or whether it will result in any loss. Accordingly, the Company has not accrued an amount for any potential loss associated with this action, but an adverse result could have a material adverse impact on its financial condition and results of operation.

Federal Shareholder Derivative Matter

On April 23, 2013 and May 7, 2013, two shareholder derivative actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, entitled Kienzle v. Schramm, et al., Case No. 13-cv-0966 (S.D. Cal. filed April 23, 2013) and Agrawal v. Cortes, et al., Case No. 13-cv-1084 (S.D. Cal. filed May 7, 2013). The complaints named as defendants certain of the Company's current and former officers and directors and named the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaints alleged that the individual defendants caused or allowed the Company to issue false and misleading statements about its financial condition, operations, management, and internal controls and falsely represented that it maintained adequate controls. The complaints asserted causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment. The lawsuits sought unspecified damages, an order directing the Company to take all necessary actions to reform and improve its corporate governance and internal procedures, restitution and disgorgement of profits, benefits, and other compensation, attorneys' and experts' fees, and costs and expenses.. The court issued an order consolidating the two actions on October 30, 2013 under the heading In re Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Derivative Litigation. On September 19, 2014, the parties entered into a memorandum of understanding concerning settlement of this matter related to certain corporate governance reforms to be implemented and/or maintained by the Company. On December 10, 2014, the parties signed a stipulation of settlement and on March 16, 2015, the court granted final approval of the settlement and dismissed this action. On July 13, 2015, the court issued an order establishing a fee award of $1.1 million to be paid to the plaintiffs in exchange for the benefit bestowed upon the Company due to the corporate governance reforms, and on August 10, 2015, the Company’s insurance carrier paid this amount in full.

State Shareholder Derivative Matter

On April 11, 2013 and April 18, 2013, two shareholder derivative actions were filed in California Superior Court for the County of San Diego, entitled Warsh v. Schramm, et al., Case No. 37-2013-00043884 (San Diego Sup. Ct. filed April 11, 2013) and Neville v. Cortes, et al., Case No. 37-2013-00044911-CU-BT-CTL (San Diego Sup. Ct. filed April 18, 2013). The complaints named as defendants certain of the Company's current and former officers and directors as well as its former auditor McGladrey LLP. The Company was named as a nominal defendant. The complaints alleged that the individual defendants made or caused the Company to make false and/or misleading statements regarding its financial condition, and failed to disclose material adverse facts about its business, operations and prospects. The complaints asserted causes of action for breaches of fiduciary duty for disseminating false and misleading information, failing to maintain internal controls, and failing to properly oversee and manage the Company, as well as for unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, professional negligence and accounting malpractice, and aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty. The lawsuits sought unspecified damages, an order directing the Company to take all necessary actions to reform and improve its corporate governance and internal procedures, restitution and disgorgement of profits, benefits and other compensation, attorneys' and experts' fees, and costs and expenses. On May 7, 2013, the court consolidated the two actions. On July 2, 2013, the Company filed a motion to stay the actions pending resolution of the federal derivative actions, which the state court granted on November 1, 2013. As a result of the settlement in the federal derivative action above, the parties filed a joint stipulation to dismiss this matter and, on May 13, 2015, the court signed an order dismissing the matter with prejudice. The deadline to appeal this order lapsed on August 24, 2015.

Shareholder Inspection Letter

On April 9, 2013, Stephen Neville, a purported shareholder of the Company, sent a letter to the Company seeking to inspect its books and records pursuant to California Corporations Code Section 1601. The demand sought inspection of documents related to the Company's March 7, 2013 announcement that it would be restating its previously-issued financial statements for 2011 and 2012, board minutes and committee materials, and other documents related to its board or management discussions regarding revenue recognition from January 1, 2011 to the present. Pursuant to the stipulation of settlement in the federal shareholder derivative matter and following the settlement in the federal derivative action above, the parties filed a joint stipulation to dismiss this matter and, on May 12, 2015, the court signed an order dismissing the matter with prejudice. The deadline to appeal this order lapsed on August 24, 2015.

Note 13 – Restructuring and Exit Costs

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company initiated a restructuring plan to consolidate U.S. manufacturing operations and to reduce headcount and operating expenses in order to align the Company’s cost structure with the current business forecast and to improve operational efficiency. The plan also includes the potential divestiture of a product line. In connection with the restructuring plan, the Company expects to incur total restructuring charges between $2.6 million and $3.3 million. The anticipated charges include approximately $1.2 million to $1.9 million in facilities costs related to the consolidation of manufacturing operations, $1.3 million in employee severance costs and $125,000 in relocation costs. The Company also expects to incur $560,000 in accelerated equipment depreciation expense and $1.6 million in capital expenditures related to the restructuring. Upon completion of the plan, which is anticipated to be substantially completed by the end of the first quarter of 2016, total cash expenditures related to restructuring activities are expected to be approximately $1.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company paid $1.0 million in restructuring expenses.

The Company accounts for charges resulting from restructuring and exit activities in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”), and ASC Topic 712, Compensation-Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits for employee termination benefits to be paid in accordance with its ongoing employee termination benefit arrangement.

In June 2015, the Company ceased use of approximately 60,000 square feet of its Peoria, AZ manufacturing facility, and determined this leased space would have no future economic benefit to the Company based on the current business forecast. As a result, in June 2015, the Company recorded a liability for the future rent obligation associated with this space, net of estimated sublease income, in accordance with ASC Topic 420. The liability recorded related to the exit of this leased space was $1.2 million, before tax, and is a component of the total expected restructuring charge.

Restructuring charges for the year ended December 31, 2015 include $1.3 million in employee severance costs for work force reductions. This amount includes planned severance payments to be paid in consideration of past employee services under the Company’s ongoing employee termination benefit arrangement, which were probable of incurrence and estimable as of December 31, 2015.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded total charges related to its restructuring plan of $2.5 million within "restructuring and exit costs" and recorded $434,000 of accelerated depreciation expense within “cost of revenue” in the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had a $294,000 liability associated with employee severance recorded in “accrued employee compensation”, $231,000 of lease obligation costs recorded within “other current liabilities” and $812,000 of lease obligation costs recorded within "other long term liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheet.

The following table summarizes the restructuring and exit costs for the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands):



Year ended December 31, 2015	Employee Severance Costs			Lease Obligation Costs			Total
Costs incurred	$	1,439		$	1,208		$	2,647
Amounts paid	(1,010		)	—			(1,010		)
Accruals released	(135		)	—			(135		)
Other non-cash adjustments	—			(165		)	(165		)
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2015	$	294		$	1,043		$	1,337

Note 14—Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information



	Quarter Ended
	March 31				June 30				September 30				December 31
	(in thousands except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2015
Operating:
Total revenue	$	34,670			$	37,796			$	45,076			$	49,830
Gross profit	10,303				12,153				14,256				14,250
Net income (loss)	(9,341		)	(a)	(9,376		)	(b)	(1,449		)	(c)	(2,167		)	(d)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.32	)		$	(0.31	)		$	(0.05	)		$	(0.07	)


	Quarter Ended
	March 31				June 30				September 30				December 31
	(in thousands except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2014
Operating:
Total revenue	$	46,001			$	46,074			$	41,593			$	52,918
Gross profit	17,863				16,597				15,480				18,503
Net income (loss)	319			(e)	(1,181		)	(f)	(3,292		)	(g)	(2,118		)	(h)
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.01			$	(0.04	)		$	(0.11	)		$	(0.07	)

_____________


(a)	Includes a non-cash expense for stock-based compensation of $839,000.


(b)	Includes restructuring costs of $2.3 million, a non-cash deferred tax expense of $2.1 million in connection with the probable repatriation of a portion of the unremitted earnings of a foreign subsidiary and a non-cash expense for stock-based compensation of $1.0 million.


(c)	Includes a non-cash expense for stock-based compensation of $1.1 million.


(d)	Includes a non-cash expense for stock-based compensation of $1.0 million.


(e)	Includes a non-cash expense for stock-based compensation of $755,000.


(f)	Includes a non-cash expense for stock-based compensation of $1.2 million.


(g)	Includes a non-cash expense for stock-based compensation of $1.0 million.


(h)	Includes non-cash deferred tax expense of $1.6 million in connection with the probable repatriation of a portion of the unremitted earnings of a foreign subsidiary and a non-cash expense for stock-based compensation of $1.0 million.

Schedule II

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (in thousands)



	Balance at the Beginning of the Year ($)	Charged to Expense ($)	Acquisitions/ Transfers and Other ($)	Write-offs Net of Recoveries ($)		Balance at the End of the Year ($)
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:
December 31, 2013	157	22	—	(45	)	134
December 31, 2014	134	61	—	(52	)	143
December 31, 2015	143	304	1	(196	)	252



Allowance for Excess and Obsolete Inventories:
December 31, 2013	1,941	2,023	12		(406	)	3,570
December 31, 2014	3,570	892	(24	)	(419	)	4,019
December 31, 2015	4,019	475	(1	)	(1,114	)	3,379


Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.


Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We are committed to maintaining disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015, as such term is defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our financial statements would be prevented or detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or because the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013), management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015.

BDO USA, LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements of Maxwell in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 which is included in this Item under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Maxwell Technologies, Inc.

San Diego, California

We have audited Maxwell Technologies, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Maxwell Technologies, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Item 9A, Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Maxwell Technologies, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Maxwell Technologies, Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, and our report dated February 17, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

San Diego, California

February 17, 2016


Item 9B.	Other Information

None.

PART III


Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance