Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business Maxwell Technologies, Inc. is a Delaware corporation originally incorporated in 1965 under the name Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. In 1983, the Company completed an initial public offering, and in 1996, changed its name to Maxwell Technologies, Inc. The Company is headquartered in San Diego, California, and has three manufacturing facilities located in San Diego, California; Rossens, Switzerland; and Peoria, Arizona. In addition, the Company has two contract manufacturers located in China. Maxwell operates as single operating segment, which is comprised of three product lines: • Ultracapacitors: Maxwell's primary focus, ultracapacitors, are energy storage devices that possess a unique combination of high power density, extremely long operational life and the ability to charge and discharge very rapidly. Maxwell's ultracapacitor cells and multi-cell packs and modules provide highly reliable energy storage and power delivery solutions for applications in multiple industries, including transportation, automotive, information technology, renewable energy and industrial electronics. • High-Voltage Capacitors: Maxwell's CONDIS ® high-voltage capacitors are designed and manufactured to perform reliably for decades in all climates. These products include grading and coupling capacitors and electronic voltage transformers that are used to ensure the safety and reliability of electric utility infrastructure and other applications involving transport, distribution and measurement of high-voltage electrical energy. • Radiation-Hardened Microelectronic Products: Maxwell's radiation-hardened microelectronic products for satellites and spacecraft include single board computers and components, such as high-density memory and data conversion modules. Many of these products incorporate Maxwell's proprietary RADPAK ® packaging and shielding technology and novel architectures that enable them to withstand the effects of environmental radiation and perform reliably in space. The Company’s products are designed and manufactured to perform reliably for the life of the products and systems into which they are integrated. The Company achieves high reliability through the application of proprietary technologies and rigorously controlled design, development, manufacturing and test processes. Financial Statement Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Maxwell Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Liquidity As of December 31, 2015 , the Company had approximately $24.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and working capital of $65.8 million . In July 2015, the Company entered into a loan agreement with East West Bank (“EWB”), whereby EWB made available to the Company a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit which is available up to a maximum of the lesser of: (a) $25.0 million ; or (b) a certain percentage of domestic and foreign trade receivables. As of December 31, 2015 , there were no drawings under this revolving line of credit and the amount available was $22.7 million . Management believes the available cash balance, along with the available borrowings under the revolving line of credit, will be sufficient to fund operations, obligations as they become due, and capital investments for at least the next twelve months. Reclassifications Foreign currency exchange gains and losses have been reclassified from "cost of revenue" and "selling, general and administrative" expenses to "foreign currency exchange gains and losses, net" in the consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications do not impact reported net income (loss) and do not otherwise have a material impact on the presentation of the overall financial statements. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. These estimates include, but are not limited to, assessing the collectability of accounts receivable, applied and unapplied production costs, production capacities, the usage and recoverability of inventories and long-lived assets, deferred income taxes, the incurrence of warranty obligations, impairment of goodwill, estimation of the cost to complete certain projects, estimation of pension assets and liabilities, accruals for estimated losses from legal matters, and estimation of the value of stock-based compensation awards, including the probability that the performance criteria of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units awards will be met. Revenue Recognition Revenue is derived primarily from the sale of manufactured products directly to customers. Product revenue is recognized, according to the guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Numbers 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements , and 104, Revenue Recognition , when all of the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists (upon contract signing or receipt of an authorized purchase order from a customer); (2) title passes to the customer at either shipment from the Company’s facilities or receipt at the customer facility, depending on shipping terms; (3) customer payment is deemed fixed or determinable and free of contingencies or significant uncertainties; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. This policy has been consistently applied from period to period. A portion of our sales revenue is derived from sales to distributors. Distributor revenue is recognized when all of the criteria for revenue recognition are met, which is generally the time of shipment to the distributor; all returns and credits are estimable and not significant. Revenue from production-type contracts, which represent less than five percent of total revenue, is recognized using the percentage of completion method. The degree of completion is determined based on costs incurred as a percentage of total costs anticipated, excluding costs that are not representative of progress to completion. Total deferred revenue and customer deposits in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 of $3.1 million and $703,000 , respectively, relates to cash received from customers on sales for which the revenue recognition criteria had not been achieved, customer advances, as well as other less significant customer arrangements requiring the deferral of revenue. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash in readily available checking accounts. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash and that mature within three months or less from the date of purchase. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. Restricted Cash Restricted cash as of December 31, 2015 consists of a $400,000 cash balance on deposit to secure certain ongoing banking transactions. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Trade receivables are stated at gross invoiced amount less an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects management’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts based on known troubled accounts, historical experience and other currently available evidence. Inventories, net Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in first-out basis) or market. Finished goods and work-in-process inventory values include the cost of raw materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Consigned inventory includes finished goods delivered to customers for which the related sale has not met the revenue recognition criteria and revenue has not been recognized. Inventory when written down to market value establishes a new cost basis and its value is not subsequently increased based upon changes in underlying facts and circumstances. The Company makes adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value, if required, for estimated excess or obsolete inventories. Factors influencing these adjustments include inventories on-hand compared with historical and estimated future sales for existing and new products and assumptions about the likelihood of obsolescence. Unabsorbed costs are treated as expense in the period incurred. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the related assets ( three to ten years). Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful life or the term of the lease. Leasehold improvements funded by landlords are recorded as property and equipment, which is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term, and deferred rent, which is amortized over the lease term. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , the net book value of leasehold improvements funded by landlords was $2.2 million and $2.5 million , respectively. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , the unamortized balance of deferred rent related to landlord funding of leasehold improvements was $2.2 million and $2.7 million , respectively, which is included in "accounts payable and accrued liabilities" and "other long-term liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheets. Goodwill Goodwill, which represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the net fair value assigned to its assets and liabilities, is not amortized. Instead, goodwill is assessed for impairment under the Intangibles—Goodwill and Other Topic of the FASB ASC. The Company has established December 31 as the annual impairment test date. The Company first makes a qualitative assessment as to whether goodwill is impaired and if it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, the Company performs a two-step quantitative impairment analysis to determine if goodwill is impaired. The Company may also determine to skip the qualitative assessment in any year and move directly to the quantitative test. No impairments of goodwill were reported during the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 . Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. If the Company determines that the carrying value of the asset is not recoverable, a permanent impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. No impairments of property and equipment were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 . Warranty Obligation The Company provides warranties on all product sales. The majority of the Company’s warranties are for one to eight years in the normal course of business. The Company accrues for the estimated warranty costs at the time of sale based on historical warranty experience plus any known or expected changes in warranty exposure. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , the accrued warranty liability included in "accounts payable and accrued liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheets was $1.3 million and $716,000 , respectively. Income Taxes Deferred income taxes are provided on a liability method in accordance with the Income Taxes Topic of the FASB ASC, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the tax consequences on future years of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts at each period end. If it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recognized. The guidance also provides criteria for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosures of uncertain tax positions. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable based solely on its technical merits. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company maintains cash balances at various financial institutions primarily in California and in Switzerland. In California, cash balances commonly exceed the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit. In Switzerland, the banks where the Company has cash deposits are either government-owned, or in the case of cash deposited with non-government banks, deposits are insured up to 100,000 Swiss Francs. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to such cash and cash equivalents. Financial instruments, which subject the Company to potential concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of the Company’s accounts receivable. The Company’s accounts receivable result from product sales to customers in various industries and in various geographical areas, both domestic and foreign. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers and generally requires no collateral. One customer, Shenzhen Xinlikang Supply China Management Co. LTD., accounted for 19% of total revenues in 2015 , 20% of total revenues in 2014 , and 22% of total revenues in 2013 , and accounted for 33% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2015 . There were no customers that accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2014 . Research and Development Expense Research and development expenditures are expensed in the period incurred. Third-party funding of research and development expense under cost-sharing arrangements is recorded as an offset to research and development expense in the period the expenses are incurred. Research and development expense was $24.7 million , $26.3 million and $22.5 million , net of third-party funding under cost-sharing arrangements of $1.3 million , $1.0 million and $1.3 million , for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively. Advertising Expense Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred. Advertising expense was $1.1 million , $1.4 million and $884,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively. Shipping and Handling Expense The Company recognizes shipping and handling expenses as a component of cost of revenue. Total shipping and handling expense included in cost of revenue was $1.0 million , $1.5 million , and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively. Foreign Currencies The Company’s primary foreign currency exposure is related to its subsidiary in Switzerland, which has Euro and local currency (Swiss Franc) revenue and operating expenses, and local currency loans. Changes in these currency exchange rates impact the reported U.S. dollar amount of revenue, expenses and debt. The functional currency of the Swiss subsidiary is the Swiss Franc. Assets and liabilities of the Swiss subsidiary are translated at month-end exchange rates, and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated at rates of exchange that approximate the rate in effect at the time of the transaction. Any translation adjustments resulting from this process are presented separately as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses on intercompany balances considered long term in nature are accounted for as translation adjustments within equity. All other foreign currency transaction gains and losses are reported in "foreign currency exchange loss, net" in the consolidated statements of operations. Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments As part of its risk management strategy, the Company uses forward contracts to hedge certain foreign currency exposures. The Company's objective is to partially offset gains or losses resulting from these exposures with opposing gains or losses on the forward contracts, thereby reducing volatility of earnings created by these foreign currency exposures. In accordance with the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the FASB ASC, the fair values of the forward contracts are estimated at each period end based on quoted market prices and are recorded as a net asset or liability on the consolidated balance sheets. These contracts are considered economic hedges but are not designated as hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the FASB ASC, therefore, the change in the fair value of the instruments is recognized currently in the consolidated statements of operations and is recorded in "foreign currency exchange loss, net" in the consolidated statements of operations. Net Income (Loss) per Share In accordance with the Earnings Per Share Topic of the FASB ASC, basic net income (loss) per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share includes the impact of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares were issued. Potentially dilutive securities are not considered in the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share data): Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Numerator Net income (loss) $ (22,333 ) $ (6,272 ) $ 6,340 Denominator Weighted average common shares outstanding 30,716 29,216 28,869 Effect of potentially dilutive securities Options to purchase common stock — — 16 Restricted stock awards — — 3 Restricted stock unit awards — — 14 Employee stock purchase plan — — 1 Weighted average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution 30,716 29,216 28,903 Net income (loss) per share Basic $ (0.73 ) $ (0.21 ) $ 0.22 Diluted $ (0.73 ) $ (0.21 ) $ 0.22 The following table summarizes instruments that may be convertible into common shares that are not included in the denominator used in the diluted net income (loss) per share calculation because to do so would be anti-dilutive (in thousands): Common Stock 2015 2014 2013 Outstanding options to purchase common stock 931 672 790 Unvested restricted stock awards 245 528 424 Unvested restricted stock unit awards 885 224 — Employee stock purchase plan awards 10 9 1 Stock-Based Compensation The Company issues stock-based compensation awards to its employees and non-employee directors, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and shares under an employee stock purchase plan. The Company records compensation expense for stock-based awards in accordance with the criteria set forth in the Stock Compensation Subtopic of the FASB ASC. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option grants. The determination of the fair value of stock options utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the Company’s stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The fair value of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") and restricted stock unit awards ("RSUs") with service-based or performance-based vesting is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense equal to the fair value of each RSA or RSU is recognized ratably over the requisite service period. For RSAs and RSUs with vesting contingent on Company performance conditions, the Company uses the requisite service period that is most likely to occur. The requisite service period is estimated based on the performance period as well as any time-based service requirements. If it is unlikely that a performance condition will be achieved, no compensation expense is recognized unless it is later determined that achievement of the performance condition is likely. Expense may be adjusted for changes in the expected outcomes of the related performance conditions, with the impact of such changes recognized as a cumulative adjustment in the consolidated statement of operations in the period in which the expectation changes. In 2014, the Company issued market-condition RSUs to certain members of executive management. Since the vesting of the market-condition RSUs is dependent on stock price performance, the fair values of these awards were estimated using a Monte-Carlo valuation model. The determination of the fair value of market-condition RSUs utilizing a Monte-Carlo valuation model was affected by the Company’s stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations is based on equity awards ultimately expected to vest. The FASB ASC requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods with a cumulative catch up adjustment if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. For market-condition awards, because the effect of the market-condition is reflected as a discount to the awards' fair value at grant date, subsequent forfeitures due to the Company's stock price performance do not result in a reversal of expense. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers . The standard provides companies with a single model for accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific revenue guidance. The core principle of the model is to recognize revenue when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer, as opposed to recognizing revenue when the risks and rewards transfer to the customer under the existing revenue guidance. The guidance permits companies to either apply the requirements retrospectively to all prior periods presented, or apply the requirements in the year of adoption, through a cumulative adjustment. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Deferral of the Effective date , which defers the required adoption date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. As a result of the deferred effective date, ASU 2014-09 will be effective for the Company in its first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted but not before the original effective date of the new standard of the first quarter of fiscal 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the transition method that will be elected and the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern . The standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued and provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all entities and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs . The update changes the presentation of debt issuance costs to a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. ASU 2015-03 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted, and the new guidance is to be applied on a retrospective basis to all prior periods. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17 , Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, to simplify the presentation of deferred taxes. This amendment requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowances, be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, and the new guidance may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company has adopted this guidance prospectively as of December 31, 2015. Therefore, prior periods have not been adjusted to reflect this adoption. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory . The new guidance was issued to more closely align the measurement of inventory in U.S. GAAP with the measurement of inventory in International Financial Reporting Standards. The core principle of this updated guidance is that an entity should measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The amendments in ASU 2015-11 apply to inventory that is measured using the first-in, first-out or average cost methods. ASU 2015-11 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial statements. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10) . This standard makes several modifications to Subtopic 825-10 including the elimination of the available-for-sale classification of equity investments, and requires equity investments with readily determinable fair values to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. It is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial statements. Business Enterprise Information The Company operates as a single operating segment. According to the FASB ASC Topic Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information , operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer who evaluates the Company’s financial information and resources and assesses performance on a consolidated basis. Revenues by product line and geographic area are presented below (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Revenues by product line: Ultracapacitors $ 114,525 $ 135,637 $ 136,277 High-voltage capacitors 41,718 40,361 43,339 Microelectronic products 11,129 10,588 13,918 Total $ 167,372 $ 186,586 $ 193,534 Years ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Revenues from external customers located in: China $ 87,856 $ 89,143 $ 92,817 United States 20,836 23,758 29,090 Germany 13,972 16,384 25,935 All other countries (1) 44,708 57,301 45,692 Total $ 167,372 $ 186,586 $ 193,534 _____________ (1) Revenue from external customers located in countries included in “All other countries” do not individually comprise more than 10% of total revenues for any of the years presented. Long-lived assets by geographic location are as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Long-lived assets: United States $ 22,267 $ 28,013 $ 33,740 China 4,148 4,991 5,444 Switzerland 6,021 5,663 6,422 Total $ 32,436 $ 38,667 $ 45,606 |