TrustCo Bank Corp NY (TRST) 10-Q 2023 Q3 Quarterly report

0000357301trst:OverdraftFeesMember2023-01-012023-09-30

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to _________

Commission File Number 000-10592

TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

NEW YORK	14-1630287
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

5 SARNOWSKI DRIVE, GLENVILLE, NEW YORK	12302
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(518) 377-3311

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol (s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value	TRST	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  ☒ Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒ Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes  ☒ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock	Number of Shares Outstanding as of October 31, 2023
$1.00 Par Value	19,024,433

TrustCo Bank Corp NY

INDEX

DESCRIPTION		PAGE NO.
Forward-Looking Statements		3
Part I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited):
	Consolidated Statements of Income for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	6
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	7
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	8
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	9
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	10
	Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements	11
	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	51
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	52
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	71
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	71
Part II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	72
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	72
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	76
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	76
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	76
Item 5.	Other Information	76
Item 6.	Exhibits	77

2

Forward-looking Statements

Statements included in this report and in future filings by TrustCo with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in TrustCo’s press releases, and in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer that are not historical or current facts, are “forward-looking statements” made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical earnings and those presently anticipated or projected. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of such words as may, will, should, could, would, estimate, project, believe, intend, anticipate, plan, seek, expect and similar expressions. TrustCo wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made.

In addition to factors described under Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors, and under the Risk Factor discussion in TrustCo’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, the factors listed below, among others, in some cases have affected and in the future could affect TrustCo’s actual results and could cause TrustCo’s actual financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in any forward-looking statement. Additionally, many of these risks and uncertainties are currently elevated by and may or will continue to be elevated by the effects of adverse developments in the financial services industry, such as the recent bank failures and any related impact on depositor behavior, macroeconomic or geopolitical concerns related to inflation, rising interest rates and the war in Ukraine.

• changes in interest rates, including recent and possible future increases fueled by inflation, may significantly impact our financial condition and results of operations;

• inflationary pressures and rising prices may affect our results of operations and financial condition;

• we face exposure to credit risk in our lending activities;

• any downgrade in the credit rating of the U.S. government or default by the U.S. government as a result of political conflicts over legislation to raise the U.S. government’s debt limit may have a material adverse effect on us;

• the soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us;

• any government shutdown could adversely affect the U.S. and global economy and our liquidity, financial condition and earnings;

• the allowance for credit losses on loans (“ACLL”) is not sufficient to cover expected loan losses, resulting in a decrease in earnings;

• we may not be able to to meet the cash flow requirements of our depositors or borrowers or meet our operating cash needs to fund corporate expansion and other activities;

• we are subject to claims and litigation pertaining to fiduciary responsibility and lender liability;

• we are dependent upon the services of the management team;

3

• our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud;

• if the business continuity and disaster recovery plans that we have in place are not adequate to continue our operations in the event of a disaster, the business disruption can adversely impact its operations;

• our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss;

• a prolonged economic downturn, especially one affecting our geographic market area, will adversely affect our operations and financial results;

• instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition;

• the trust wealth management fees we receive may decrease as a result of poor investment performance, in either relative or absolute terms, which could decrease our revenues and net earnings;

• regulatory capital rules could slow our growth, cause us to seek to raise additional capital, or both;

• changes in laws and regulations and the cost of regulatory compliance with new laws and regulations may adversely affect our operations and our income;

• non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions;

• changes in tax laws may adversely affect us, and the Internal Revenue Service or a court may disagree with our tax positions, which may result in adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows;

• our ability to pay dividends is subject to regulatory limitations and other limitations that may affect our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders or to repurchase our common stock;

• we may be subject to a higher effective tax rate if Trustco Realty Corp. (“Trustco Realty”) fails to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”);

• changes in accounting standards could impact reported earnings;

• strong competition within the Bank’s market areas could hurt profits and slow growth;

• consumers and businesses are increasingly using non-banks to complete their financial transactions, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations;

• our business could be adversely affected by third-party service providers, data breaches, and cyber-attacks;

• a failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, could disrupt our businesses, and adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, as well as cause reputational harm;

• unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client or customer information, whether through a breach of our computer systems or otherwise, could severely harm our business;

4

• we could suffer a material adverse impact from interruptions in the effective operation of, or security breaches affecting, our computer systems;

• new lines of business or new products and services may subject us to additional risks;

• provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and New York law may discourage or prevent takeover attempts, and these provisions may have the effect of reducing the market price of our stock;

• we cannot guarantee that the allocation of capital to various alternatives, including stock repurchase plans, will enhance long-term stockholder value;

• we are exposed to climate risk;

• societal responses to climate change could adversely affect our business and performance, including indirectly through impacts on our customers; and

• other risks and uncertainties included under “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as risks and uncertainties, if any, discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our other filings made from time to time with the SEC, or in materials incorporated therein by reference.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although TrustCo believes that the expectations reflected in the forward‑looking statements are reasonable, it cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. The foregoing list should not be construed as exhaustive, and the Company disclaims any obligation to subsequently revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements, or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, except to the extent required by law.

5

TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023			2022
Interest and dividend income:
Interest and fees on loans	$	47,921	$	40,896	$	138,255		$	119,503
Interest and dividends on securities available for sale:
U. S. government sponsored enterprises		672		479		2,055			712
State and political subdivisions		-		1		1			2
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		1,485		1,617		4,613			4,071
Corporate bonds		473		526		1,510			1,281
Small Business Administration-guaranteed participation securities		107		133		335			427
Other securities		2		3		7			7
Total interest and dividends on securities available for sale		2,739		2,759		8,521			6,500
Interest on held to maturity securities:
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential		73		85		226			262
Total interest on held to maturity securities		73		85		226			262
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		131		80		351			207
Interest on federal funds sold and other short-term investments		6,688		5,221		20,213			8,046
Total interest income		57,552		49,041		167,566			134,518
Interest expense:
Interest on deposits:
Interest-bearing checking		102		43		217			129
Savings accounts		639		200		1,824			519
Money market deposit accounts		2,384		237		4,954			661
Time deposits		11,962		646		26,525			1,728
Interest on short-term borrowings		244		122		808			532
Total interest expense		15,331		1,248		34,328			3,569
Net interest income		42,221		47,793		133,238			130,949
Provision (Credt) for credit losses		100		300		(100	)		(391	)
Net interest income after provision (credit) for credit losses		42,121		47,493		133,338			131,340
Noninterest income:
Trustco financial services income		1,627		1,435		4,813			5,264
Fees for services to customers		2,590		2,705		8,085			8,164
Other		357		246		943			1,057
Total noninterest income		4,574		4,386		13,841			14,485
Noninterest expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits		12,393		12,134		38,798			32,837
Net occupancy expense		4,358		4,483		13,218			13,266
Equipment expense		1,923		1,532		5,758			4,787
Professional services		1,717		1,375		4,684			4,326
Outsourced services		2,720		2,328		7,507			7,108
Advertising expense		586		508		1,494			1,514
FDIC and other insurance		1,078		773		3,215			2,389
Other real estate expense, net		163		124		536			209
Other		2,522		2,887		7,256			7,478
Total noninterest expenses		27,460		26,144		82,466			73,914
Income before taxes		19,235		25,735		64,713			71,911
Income taxes		4,555		6,371		15,915			17,587
Net income	$	14,680	$	19,364	$	48,798		$	54,324
Net income per share:
- Basic	$	0.77	$	1.01	$	2.57		$	2.84
- Diluted	$	0.77	$	1.01	$	2.57		$	2.84

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

6

TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income	$	14,680		$	19,364		$	48,798		$	54,324
Net unrealized holding loss on securities available for sale		(7,063	)		(20,943	)		(5,530	)		(49,379	)
Tax effect		1,851			5,421			1,464			12,777
Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale, net of tax		(5,212	)		(15,522	)		(4,066	)		(36,602	)
Amortization of net actuarial gain		(115	)		(280	)		(343	)		(784	)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)		4			(78	)		10			(235	)
Tax effect		29			93			87			265
Amortization of net actuarial gain and prior service cost (credit) on pension and postretirement plans, net of tax		(82	)		(265	)		(246	)		(754	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(5,294	)		(15,787	)		(4,312	)		(37,356	)
Comprehensive income	$	9,386		$	3,577		$	44,486		$	16,968

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

7

TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
ASSETS:
Cash and due from banks	$	45,940		$	43,429
Federal funds sold and other short term investments		461,321			607,170
Total cash and cash equivalents		507,261			650,599
Securities available for sale		450,135			481,513
Held to maturity securities ($6,444 and $7,580 fair value at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)		6,724			7,707
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		6,203			5,797
Loans, net of deferred net costs		4,960,281			4,733,201
Less:
Allowance for credit losses on loans		47,226			46,032
Net loans		4,913,055			4,687,169
Bank premises and equipment, net		32,135			32,556
Operating lease right-of-use assets		41,475			44,727
Other assets		97,310			89,984
Total assets	$	6,054,298		$	6,000,052
LIABILITIES:
Deposits:
Demand	$	773,293		$	838,147
Interest-bearing checking		1,033,898			1,183,321
Savings accounts		1,235,658			1,521,473
Money market deposit accounts		610,012			621,106
Time deposits		1,581,504			1,028,763
Total deposits		5,234,365			5,192,810
Short-term borrowings		103,110			122,700
Operating lease liabilities		45,418			48,980
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		47,479			35,575
Total liabilities		5,430,372			5,400,065
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Capital stock par value $1.00; 30,000,000 shares authorized;  20,058,142 shares issued at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and 19,024,433 shares outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		20,058			20,058
Surplus		257,078			257,078
Undivided profits		422,082			393,831
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(31,506	)		(27,194	)
Treasury stock at cost - 1,033,709 shares at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		(43,786	)		(43,786	)
Total shareholders’ equity		623,926			599,987
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	6,054,298		$	6,000,052

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

8

TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

								Accumulated
								Other
	Capital				Undivided			Comprehensive			Treasury
	Stock		Surplus		Profits			Income			Stock			Total
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	$	20,046		256,661		349,056			12,147			(36,782	)		601,128
Cumulative impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13		-		-		(3,470	)		-			-			(3,470	)
Balance, January 1, 2022 as adjusted
For impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13		20,046		256,661		345,586			12,147			(36,782	)		597,658
Net income		-		-		17,089			-			-			17,089
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-			(14,516	)		-			(14,516	)
Cash dividend declared, $0.35 per share		-		-		(6,727	)		-			-			(6,727	)
Purchase of treasury stock 18,114 shares		-		-		-			-			(609	)		(609	)
Ending balance, March 31, 2022	$	20,046		256,661		355,948			(2,369	)		(37,391	)		592,895
Net income		-		-		17,871			-			-			17,871
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-			(7,053	)		-			(7,053	)
Cash dividend declared, $0.35 per share		-		-		(6,719	)		-			-			(6,719	)
Purchase of treasury stock 75,000 shares		-		-		-			-			(2,362	)		(2,362	)
Ending balance, June 30, 2022	$	20,046		256,661		367,100			(9,422	)		(39,753	)		594,632
Net income		-		-		19,364			-			-			19,364
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-			(15,787	)		-			(15,787	)
Cash dividend declared, $0.35 per share		-		-		(6,695	)		-			-			(6,695	)
Purchase of treasury stock 75,100 shares		-		-		-			-			(2,508	)		(2,508	)
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	20,046		256,661		379,769			(25,209	)		(42,261	)		589,006
Beginning balance, January 1, 2023	$	20,058	$	257,078	$	393,831		$	(27,194	)	$	(43,786	)	$	599,987
Net income		-		-		17,746			-			-			17,746
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		-		-		-			3,819			-			3,819
Cash dividend declared, $0.36 per share		-		-		(6,849	)		-			-			(6,849	)
Ending balance, March 31, 2023	$	20,058	$	257,078	$	404,728		$	(23,375	)	$	(43,786	)	$	614,703
Net income		-		-		16,372			-			-			16,372
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-			(2,837	)		-			(2,837	)
Cash dividend declared, $0.36 per share		-		-		(6,849	)		-			-			(6,849	)
Ending balance, June 30, 2023	$	20,058	$	257,078	$	414,251		$	(26,212	)	$	(43,786	)	$	621,389
Net income		-		-		14,680			-			-			14,680
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-			(5,294	)		-			(5,294	)
Cash dividend declared, $0.36 per share		-		-		(6,849	)		-			-			(6,849	)
Ending balance, September 30, 2023	$	20,058	$	257,078	$	422,082		$	(31,506	)	$	(43,786	)	$	623,926

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

9

TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	48,798		$	54,324
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		3,052			3,091
Amortization of right-of-use asset		4,905			4,841
Net gain on sale of other real estate owned		(181	)		(99	)
Writedown of other real estate owned		143			-
Credit provision for credit losses		(100	)		(391	)
Deferred tax expense		2,112			1,523
Net amortization of securities		1,332			1,802
Net gain on sale of bank premises and equipment		-			(314	)
Decrease in taxes receivable		1,341			4,062
Increase in interest receivable		(1,937	)		(1,837	)
Increase (decrease) in interest payable		1,878			(1	)
Increase in other assets		(7,196	)		(4,406	)
Decrease in operating lease liabilities		(5,215	)		(5,127	)
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities		(2,619	)		(1,652	)
Total adjustments		(2,485	)		1,492
Net cash provided by operating activities		46,313			55,816
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales, paydowns and calls of securities available for sale		39,346			57,714
Proceeds from paydowns of held to maturity securities		944			1,772
Purchases of securities available for sale		(7,485	)		(184,391	)
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale		5,000			15,050
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock		(406	)		(193	)
Net increase in loans		(226,980	)		(191,052	)
Proceeds from dispositions of other real estate owned		1,108			416
Proceeds from dispositions of bank premises and equipment		-			469
Purchases of bank premises and equipment		(2,631	)		(2,150	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(191,104	)		(302,365	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits		41,555			13,725
Net change in short-term borrowings		(19,590	)		(119,754	)
Purchases of treasury stock		-			(5,479	)
Dividends paid		(20,512	)		(20,149	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		1,453			(131,657	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		(143,338	)		(378,206	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		650,599			1,219,470
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	507,261		$	841,264
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest paid	$	13,453		$	3,570
Income taxes paid		14,611			13,687
Other non cash items:
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned		194			637
Increase (decrease) in dividends payable		35			(8	)
Change in unrealized (loss) gain on securities available for sale-gross of deferred taxes		(5,530	)		(49,379	)
Change in deferred tax effect on unrealized loss (gain) on securities available for sale		1,464			12,777
Amortization of net actuarial gain and prior service cost (credit) on pension and postretirement plans		(333	)		(1,019	)
Change in deferred tax effect of amortization of net actuarial gain postretirement benefit plans		87			265
Securities purchased settled in subsequent period		(12,306	)		-
Impact to retained earnings from adoption of ASC 326, net of tax		-			(3,470	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

10

TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(1) Financial Statement Presentation

The unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements of TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the “Company” or “TrustCo”) include the accounts of the Company’s subsidiary, Trustco Bank (also referred to as the “Bank”) and other subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. Prior period amounts are reclassified when necessary to conform to the current period presentation. The net income reported for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 is not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023, or any interim periods. These financial statements consider events that occurred through the date of filing.

In the opinion of the management of the Company, the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements contain all recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position as of September 30, 2023, the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s year-end audited Consolidated Financial Statements, including notes thereto, which are included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, therefore, do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flow activity required in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

The accounting policies of the Company, as applied in the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements presented herein, are substantially the same as those followed on an annual basis in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.

Risks and Uncertainties:  In early 2023 certain banks were placed into receivership by the FDIC and one bank began to voluntarily dissolve. While the U.S. government intervened to cover depositors, even those with balances exceeding FDIC insurance coverage, there can be no guarantee that the same coverage will be applied if there are future bank failures. Management believes that the conditions impacting these banks do not present a significant risk to the Company, and the Company has not been directly impacted by the bank failures. Present economic conditions have caused disruption to the banking system and any additional implications are uncertain. The Company believes that it has sufficient liquid assets and borrowing sources should there be a liquidity need.

11

(2) Earnings Per Share

The Company computes earnings per share in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 260, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260”). A reconciliation of the component parts of earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

(in thousands, except per share data)	For the three months ended				For the nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	14,680	$	19,364	$	48,798	$	54,324
Weighted average common shares		19,024		19,111		19,024		19,159
Stock Options		-		1		-		1
Weighted average common shares including potential dilutive shares		19,024		19,112		19,024		19,160
Basic EPS	$	0.77	$	1.01	$	2.57	$	2.84
Diluted EPS	$	0.77	$	1.01	$	2.57	$	2.84

For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 there were 77 thousand weighted average antidilutive stock options excluded from dilutive earnings. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 there were 60 thousand weighted average antidilutive stock options excluded from dilutive earnings.  The stock options are antidilutive because the strike price is greater than the average fair value of the Company’s common stock for the periods presented.

12

(3) Benefit Plans

The table below outlines the components of the Company’s net periodic benefit recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans:

	Three months ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
(dollars in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Service cost	$	-		$	-		$	2		$	4
Interest cost		304			222			65			52
Expected return on plan assets		(672	)		(807	)		(288	)		(333	)
Amortization of net gain		-			-			(115	)		(280	)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)		-			-			4			(78	)
Net periodic benefit	$	(368	)	$	(585	)	$	(332	)	$	(635	)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits								Other Postretirement Benefits
(dollars in thousands)	2023				2022				2023				2022
Service cost		$	-			$	-			$	7			$	13
Interest cost			910				666				197				155
Expected return on plan assets			(2,013	)			(2,420	)			(867	)			(999	)
Amortization of net gain			-				-				(343	)			(784	)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)			-				-				10				(235	)
Net periodic benefit		$	(1,103	)		$	(1,754	)		$	(996	)		$	(1,850	)

The Company does not expect to contribute to its pension and postretirement benefit plans in 2023. As of  September 30, 2023, no contributions have been made, however, this decision is reviewed each quarter and is subject to change based upon market conditions.

Since 2003, the Company has not subsidized retiree medical insurance premiums.  However, it continues to provide medical benefits and postretirement medical benefits to a limited number of current and retired executives in accordance with the terms of their employment contracts.

13

(4) Investment Securities

(a) Securities available for sale

The amortized cost and fair value of the securities available for sale are as follows:

	September 30, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	126,702	$	1	$	5,229	$	121,474
State and political subdivisions		34		-		-		34
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		272,012		1		38,294		233,719
Corporate bonds		80,270		-		3,335		76,935
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities		19,477		-		2,161		17,316
Other		687		-		30		657
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	499,182	$	2	$	49,049	$	450,135

	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	124,123	$	1	$	5,937	$	118,187
State and political subdivisions		34		-		-		34
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		291,431		34		31,149		260,316
Corporate bonds		85,641		-		4,295		81,346
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities		23,115		-		2,138		20,977
Other		686		-		33		653
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	525,030	$	35	$	43,552	$	481,513

The following table categorizes the debt securities included in the available for sale portfolio as of September 30, 2023, based on the securities’ final maturity. Actual maturities may differ because of securities prepayments and the right of certain issuers to call or prepay their obligations without penalty. Securities not due at a single maturity date are presented separately:

	Amortized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Value
Due in one year or less	$	60,187	$	58,959
Due after one year through five years		142,506		135,144
Due after five years through ten years		5,000		4,997
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		272,012		233,719
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities		19,477		17,316
	$	499,182	$	450,135

14

Gross unrealized losses on securities available for sale and the related fair values aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position, were as follows:

	September 30, 2023
	Less than				12 months
	12 months				or more				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unreal.
(dollars in thousands)	Value		Loss		Value		Loss		Value		Loss
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	14,890		110		104,083		5,119		118,973		5,229
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		6,283		214		222,483		38,080		228,766		38,294
Corporate bonds		-		-		76,935		3,335		76,935		3,335
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities		-		-		17,316		2,161		17,316		2,161
Other		34		3		623		27		657		30
Total	$	21,207		327		421,440		48,722		442,647		49,049

	December 31, 2022
	Less than				12 months
	12 months				or more				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unreal.
(dollars in thousands)	Value		Loss		Value		Loss		Value		Loss
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	49,279		697		9,900		100		59,179		797
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		93,447		1,888		22,098		588		115,545		2,476
Corporate bonds		15,670		171		14,546		454		30,216		625
Other		648		1		-		-		648		1
Total	$	159,044		2,757		46,544		1,142		205,588		3,899

There were no allowance for credit losses recorded for securities available for sale during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023.

15

The proceeds from sales and calls and maturities of securities available for sale, gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales and calls during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022
Proceeds from sales	$	-		-
Proceeds from calls/paydowns		9,877		14,376
Proceeds from maturities		-		5,000
Gross realized gains		-		-
Gross realized losses		-		-

	Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022
Proceeds from sales	$	-		-
Proceeds from calls/paydowns		39,346		57,714
Proceeds from maturities		5,000		15,050
Gross realized gains		-		-
Gross realized losses		-		-

There were no transfers of securities available for sale during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

(b) Held to maturity securities

The amortized cost and fair value of the held to maturity securities are as follows:

	September 30, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrecognized		Unrecognized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential	$	6,724		21		301		6,444
Total held to maturity	$	6,724		21		301		6,444

	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrecognized		Unrecognized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential	$	7,707		90		217		7,580
Total held to maturity	$	7,707		90		217		7,580

16

The following table categorizes the debt securities included in the held to maturity portfolio as of  September 30, 2023, based on the securities’ final maturity.   Actual maturities may differ because of securities prepayments and the right of certain issuers to call or prepay their obligations without penalty.  Securities not due at a single maturity date are presented separately:

(dollars in thousands)	Amortized		Fair
	Cost		Value
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential	$	6,724		6,444
	$	6,724		6,444

Gross unrecognized losses on held to maturity securities and the related fair values aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position, were as follows:

September 30, 2023

Less than

12 months

(dollars in thousands)

12 months

or more

Total

Gross

Gross

Gross

Fair

Unrec.

Fair

Unrec.

Fair

Unrec.

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential

$

1,449

34

2,733

267

4,182

301

Total

$

1,449

34

2,733

267

4,182

301

December 31, 2022

Less than

12 months

(dollars in thousands)

12 months

or more

Total

Gross

Gross

Gross

Fair

Unrec.

Fair

Unrec.

Fair

Unrec.

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential

$

3,327

206

258

11

3,585

217

Total

$

3,327

206

258

11

3,585

217

There were no sales or transfers of held to maturity securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

There were no allowance for credit losses recorded for held to maturity securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.  As of September 30, 2023, there were no securities on non-accrual status and all securities were performing in accordance with contractual terms.

(c) Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

Debt Securities

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation.  The investment securities portfolio is evaluated for OTTI by segregating the portfolio by type and applying the appropriate OTTI model.

17

In determining OTTI for debt securities, management considers many factors, including: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions, and (4) whether the Company has the intent to sell the debt security or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery.  The assessment of whether any other‑than‑temporary decline exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at a point in time.

When OTTI occurs, the amount of the OTTI recognized in earnings depends on whether management intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis.  If management intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI shall be recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date.  If management does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI on debt securities shall be separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors.  The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and is recognized in earnings through the provision for credit losses.  The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.

The Company does not intend to sell nor does it anticipate that it will be required to sell any of its securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2023. The Company’s ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery is supported by the Company’s strong capital and liquidity positions as well as its historically low turnover in the portfolio.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s security portfolio included certain securities which were in an unrealized loss position, and are discussed below.

U.S. government sponsored enterprises:  In the case of unrealized losses on U.S. government sponsored enterprises, because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2023.

Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations – residential:  At September 30, 2023, all mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations held by the Company were issued by U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies, primarily Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, institutions which the government has affirmed its commitment to support.  Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other‑than‑temporarily impaired at September 30, 2023.

Small Business Administration (SBA) - guaranteed participation securities:  At September 30, 2023, all of the SBA securities held by the Company were issued and guaranteed by U.S. Small Business Administration.  Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2023.

18

Corporate Bonds & Other:  At September 30, 2023, corporate bonds held by the Company are investment grade quality.  Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2023.

(5) Loan Portfolio and Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables presents loans by portfolio segment:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	New York and
	other states*		Florida		Total
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	208,394	$	38,933	$	247,327
Other		20,947		368		21,315
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		2,753,008		1,531,821		4,284,829
Home equity loans		44,873		13,304		58,177
Home equity lines of credit		206,806		125,222		332,028
Installment		12,217		4,388		16,605
Total loans, net	$	3,246,245	$	1,714,036		4,960,281
Less: Allowance for credit losses						47,226
Net loans					$	4,913,055

*Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachussetts.

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	New York and
	other states*		Florida		Total
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	177,371	$	32,551	$	209,922
Other		20,221		868		21,089
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		2,776,989		1,369,913		4,146,902
Home equity loans		43,999		12,550		56,549
Home equity lines of credit		191,926		94,506		286,432
Installment		9,408		2,899		12,307
Total loans, net	$	3,219,914	$	1,513,287		4,733,201
Less: Allowance for credit losses						46,032
Net loans					$	4,687,169

*Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachussetts.

Included in commercial loans above are Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans totaling $688 thousand and $1.0 Million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

19

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $29.3 million and $36.4 million, respectively, of real estate construction loans.  Of the $29.3 million in real estate construction loans at September 30, 2023, approximately $7.8 million are secured by first mortgages to residential borrowers while approximately $21.5 million were to commercial borrowers for residential construction projects.  Of the $36.4 million in real estate construction loans at December 31, 2022, approximately $14.1 million are secured by first mortgages to residential borrowers while approximately $22.3 million were to commercial borrowers for residential construction projects.  The vast majority of construction loans were in the Company’s New York market.

Allowance for credit losses on loans

The level of the ACLL is based on factors that influence management’s current estimate of expected credit losses, including past events and current conditions. There were no changes in the Company’s methodology for the allowance for credit losses on loans for the period ended September 30, 2023. Consistent with the Company’s economic modeling as of adoption date, the Company has determined the Stagflation forecast scenario to be appropriate for the September 30, 2023 ACLL calculation.  The Company selected the Stagflation economic forecast for credit losses as management expects that markets will experience a slight decline in economic conditions and a slight increase in the unemployment rate over the next two years.

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $100 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2023, which is the result a provision for credit losses on loans of $300 thousand, and a benefit for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $200 thousand. The Company recorded a benefit for credit losses of $100 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which is the result of a provision for credit losses on loans of $900 thousand, offset by a benefit for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $1.0 million. 

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $300 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022, which includes a provision for credit losses on loans of $100 thousand, and a provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $200 thousand.  The Company recorded a benefit for credit losses of $391 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which includes a credit to provision for credit losses on loans of $1.4 million, offset by a provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $1.0 million.

20

Activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 is summarized as follows:

	For the three months ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)			Real Estate
			Mortgage-
	Commercial		1 to 4 Family			Installment		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,610	$	44,067		$	237	$	46,914
Loans charged off:
New York and other states*		-		27			23		50
Florida		-		-			-		-
Total loan chargeoffs		-		27			23		50
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
New York and other states*		-		53			9		62
Florida		-		-			-		-
Total recoveries		-		53			9		62
Net loans (recoveries) charged off		-		(26	)		14		(12	)
(Credit) provision for credit losses		103		192			5		300
Balance at end of period	$	2,713	$	44,285		$	228	$	47,226

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

Activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended September 30, 2022 is summarized as follows:

	For the three months ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)			Real Estate
			Mortgage-
	Commercial		1 to 4 Family			Installment		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,274		42,880			131		45,285
Loans charged off:
New York and other states*		-		13			34		47
Florida		-		-			-		-
Total loan chargeoffs		-		13			34		47
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
New York and other states*		-		177			-		177
Florida		-		-			2		2
Total recoveries		-		177			2		179
Net loan recoveries		-		(164	)		32		(132	)
(Credit) provision for credit losses		155		(100	)		45		100
Balance at end of period	$	2,429		42,944			144		45,517

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

21

Activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is summarized as follows:

	For the nine months ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)				Real Estate
				Mortgage-
	Commercial			1 to 4 Family			Installment		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,596		$	43,271		$	165	$	46,032
Loans charged off:
New York and other states*		-			49			69		118
Florida		-			-			71		71
Total loan chargeoffs		-			49			140		189
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
New York and other states*		129			289			40		458
Florida		-			25			-		25
Total recoveries		129			314			40		483
Net loans (recoveries) charged off		(129	)		(265	)		100		(294	)
(Credit) provision for credit losses		(12	)		749			163		900
Balance at end of period	$	2,713		$	44,285		$	228	$	47,226

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

Activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is summarized as follows:

	For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)				Real Estate
				Mortgage-
	Commercial			1 to 4 Family			Installment			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,135			40,689			443			44,267
Impact of ASU 2016-13, Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL)		(986	)		3,717			(378	)		2,353
Balance as of January 1, 2022 as adjuste dfor ASU 2016-13	$	2,149			44,406			65			46,620
Loans charged off:
New York and other states*		40			25			53			118
Florida		-			-			-			-
Total loan chargeoffs		40			25			53			118
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
New York and other states*		4			405			4			413
Florida		-			-			2			2
Total recoveries		4			405			6			415
Net loan recoveries		36			(380	)		47			(297	)
(Credit) provision for loan losses		316			(1,842	)		126			(1,400	)
Balance at end of period	$	2,429			42,944			144			45,517

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

22

The following tables present the balance in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment evaluation as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)			1-to-4 Family
	Commercial		Residential		Installment
	Loans		Real Estate		Loans		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Collectively evaluated for impairment		2,713		44,285		228		47,226
Total ending allowance balance	$	2,713	$	44,285	$	228	$	47,226
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	962	$	24,521	$	106	$	25,589
Collectively evaluated for impairment		267,680		4,650,513		16,499		4,934,692
Total ending loans balance	$	268,642	$	4,675,034	$	16,605	$	4,960,281

	As of December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)			1-to-4 Family
	Commercial		Residential		Installment
	Loans		Real Estate		Loans		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	-		-		-		-
Collectively evaluated for impairment		2,596		43,271		165		46,032
Total ending allowance balance	$	2,596		43,271		165		46,032
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	646		24,967		82		25,695
Collectively evaluated for impairment		230,365		4,464,916		12,225		4,707,506
Total ending loans balance	$	231,011		4,489,883		12,307		4,733,201

The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (accrued expenses and other liabilities) with adjustments to the reserve recognized in (credit) provision for credit losses in the consolidated income statement.

23

The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

(In thousands)	For the three months ended September 30, 2023
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	2,112
(Credit) provision for credit losses		(200	)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	1,912

(In thousands)	For the nine months ended September 30, 2023
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	2,912
(Credit) provision for credit losses		(1,000	)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	1,912

(In thousands)	For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	3,162
Provision for credit losses		200
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	3,362

(In thousands)	For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	18
Impact of Adopting CECL		2,335
Adjusted Balance at January 1, 2022	$	2,353
Provision for credit losses		1,009
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	3,362

Loan Credit Quality

The Company categorizes commercial loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. On at least an annual basis, the Company’s loan grading process analyzes non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial loans and commercial real estate loans, individually by grading the loans based on credit risk.  The loan grades assigned to all loan types are tested by the Company’s internal loan review department in accordance with the Company’s internal loan review policy.

24

The Company uses the following definitions for classified loans:

Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as such have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those loans classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be “pass” rated loans.

For homogeneous loan pools, such as residential mortgages, home equity lines of credit, and installment loans, the Company uses payment status to identify the credit risk in these loan portfolios. Payment status is reviewed on a daily basis by the Bank’s collection area and on a monthly basis with respect to determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on loans. The payment status of these homogeneous pools as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is also included in the aging of the past due loans table. Nonperforming loans shown in the table below were loans on non-accrual status and loans over 90 days past due and accruing.

25

As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans, and gross charge-offs year to date for each loan type by origination year was as follows:

(in thousands)	As of September 30, 2023
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loan Converted to Term		Total
Commercial :
Risk rating
Pass	$	51,541	$	83,437	$	24,249	$	16,926	$	20,322	$	42,634	$	6,464	$	-	$	245,573
Special Mention		-		-		-		47		-		230		-		-		277
Substandard		-		-		-		108		-		1,369		-		-		1,477
Total Commercial Loans	$	51,541	$	83,437	$	24,249	$	17,081	$	20,322	$	44,233	$	6,464	$	-	$	247,327
Commercial Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Commercial Other:
Risk rating
Pass	$	6,052	$	2,968	$	2,077	$	1,569	$	430	$	2,536	$	5,255	$	-	$	20,887
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		330		-		-		98		-		-		428
Total Commercial Real Estate Loans	$	6,052	$	2,968	$	2,407	$	1,569	$	430	$	2,634	$	5,255	$	-	$	21,315
Other Commercial Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Residential First Mortgage:
Risk rating
Performing	$	332,209	$	571,064	$	890,093	$	744,547	$	349,235	$	1,380,747	$	2,818	$	-	$	4,270,713
Nonperforming		64		210		389		230		1,123		12,100		-		-		14,116
Total First Mortgage:	$	332,273	$	571,274	$	890,482	$	744,777	$	350,358	$	1,392,847	$	2,818	$	-	$	4,284,829
Residential First Mortgage Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	27	$	22	$	-	$	-	$	49
	$	-		-		-		-		27		22		-		-	$	49
Home Equity Loans:
Risk rating
Performing	$	8,095	$	6,112	$	8,136	$	5,757	$	6,667	$	23,127	$	-	$	-	$	57,894
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		-		283		-		-		283
Total Home Equity Loans:	$	8,095	$	6,112	$	8,136	$	5,757	$	6,667	$	23,410	$	-	$	-	$	58,177
Home Equity Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Home Equity Lines of Credit:
Risk rating
Performing	$	766	$	824	$	365	$	126	$	30	$	16,765	$	310,690	$	-	$	329,566
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		-		2,096		366		-		2,462
Total Home Equity Credit Lines:	$	766	$	824	$	365	$	126	$	30	$	18,861	$	311,056	$	-	$	332,028
Home Equity Lines of Credit:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Installments:
Risk rating
Performing	$	7,330	$	5,137	$	1,667	$	452	$	277	$	594	$	990	$	-	$	16,447
Nonperforming		-		32		51		-		68		2		5		-		158
Total Installments	$	7,330	$	5,169	$	1,718	$	452	$	345	$	596	$	995	$	-	$	16,605
Installments Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	58	$	49	$	6	$	10	$	17	$	-	$	-	$	140
	$	-	$	58	$	49	$	6	$	10	$	17	$	-	$	-	$	140

26

(in thousands)	As of December 31, 2022
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Commercial :	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loan Converted to Term		Total
Risk rating
Pass	$	79,430	$	29,991	$	18,708	$	22,790	$	16,598	$	32,666	$	8,022	$	-	$	208,205
Special Mention		-		-		62		-		243		-		-		-		305
Substandard		-		-		113		-		128		1,171		-		-		1,412
Total Commercial Loans	$	79,430	$	29,991	$	18,883	$	22,790	$	16,969	$	33,837	$	8,022	$	-	$	209,922
Commercial Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	40	$	-	$	-	$	40
	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	40	$	-	$	-	$	40
Commercial Other:
Risk rating
Pass	$	2,972	$	2,848	$	2,273	$	590	$	674	$	2,348	$	8,908	$	-	$	20,613
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		39		-		39
Substandard		-		339		-		-		-		98		-		-		437
Total Commercial Real Estate Loans	$	2,972	$	3,187	$	2,273	$	590	$	674	$	2,446	$	8,947	$	-	$	21,089
Other Commercial Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-		-
	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Residential First Mortgage:
Risk rating
Performing	$	557,981	$	933,754	$	784,511	$	368,137	$	257,926	$	1,228,776	$	1,472	$	-	$	4,132,557
Nonperforming		-		496		81		844		351		12,573		-		-		14,345
Total First Mortgage:	$	557,981	$	934,250	$	784,592	$	368,981	$	258,277	$	1,241,349	$	1,472	$	-	$	4,146,902
Residential First Mortgage Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	5	$	-	$	-		5
	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	5	$	-	$	-	$	5
Home Equity Loans:
Risk rating
Performing	$	6,863	$	9,124	$	6,322	$	7,588	$	5,240	$	21,217	$	-	$	-	$	56,354
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		66		129		-		-		195
Total Home Equity Loans:	$	6,863	$	9,124	$	6,322	$	7,588	$	5,306	$	21,346	$	-	$	-	$	56,549
Home Equity Lines Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-		-
	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Home Equity Credit Lines:
Risk rating
Performing	$	1,369	$	1,246	$	740	$	52	$	100	$	18,377	$	262,244	$	-	$	284,128
Nonperforming		-		7		-		-		-		2,111		186		-		2,304
Total Home Equity Credit Lines:	$	1,369	$	1,253	$	740	$	52	$	100	$	20,488	$	262,430	$	-	$	286,432
Home Equity Credit Lines Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	19	$	-	$	-		19
	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	19	$	-	$	-	$	19
Installments:
Risk rating
Performing	$	6,385	$	2,495	$	805	$	709	$	374	$	308	$	1,125	$	-	$	12,201
Nonperforming		20		17		-		65		-		1		3		-		106
Total Installments	$	6,405	$	2,512	$	805	$	774	$	374	$	309	$	1,128	$	-	$	12,307
Installments Loans:
Current-period Gross writeoffs	$	1	$	47	$	22	$	7	$	2	$	9	$	-	$	-		88
	$	1	$	47	$	22	$	7	$	2	$	9	$	-	$	-	$	88

27

The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost in past due loans by loan class and by region as of September 30,2023 and December 31,2022:

	As of September 30, 2023
New York and other states*:	30-59		60-89		90 +		Total
	Days		Days		Days		30+ days				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-	$	-	$	522	$	522	$	207,872	$	208,394
Other		-		-		-		-		20,947		20,947
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		2,501		824		6,699		10,024		2,742,984		2,753,008
Home equity loans		129		2		158		289		44,584		44,873
Home equity lines of credit		726		171		781		1,678		205,128		206,806
Installment		12		56		59		127		12,090		12,217
Total	$	3,368	$	1,053	$	8,219	$	12,640	$	3,233,605	$	3,246,245

Florida:	30-59		60-89		90 +		Total
	Days		Days		Days		30+ days				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	38,933	$	38,933
Other		-		-		314		314		54		368
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		876		-		1,400		2,276		1,529,545		1,531,821
Home equity loans		49		-		-		49		13,255		13,304
Home equity lines of credit		258		-		-		258		124,964		125,222
Installment		48		5		60		113		4,275		4,388
Total	$	1,231	$	5	$	1,774	$	3,010	$	1,711,026	$	1,714,036

Total:	30-59		60-89		90 +		Total
	Days		Days		Days		30+ days				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-	$	-	$	522	$	522	$	246,805	$	247,327
Other		-		-		314		314		21,001		21,315
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		3,377		824		8,099		12,300		4,272,529		4,284,829
Home equity loans		178		2		158		338		57,839		58,177
Home equity lines of credit		984		171		781		1,936		330,092		332,028
Installment		60		61		119		240		16,365		16,605
Total	$	4,599	$	1,058	$	9,993	$	15,650	$	4,944,631	$	4,960,281

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

28

	As of December 31, 2022
New York and other states*:	30-59		60-89		90 +		Total
	Days		Days		Days		30+ days				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-		-		161		161		177,210		177,371
Other		18		-		20		38		20,183		20,221
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		4,262		921		7,203		12,386		2,764,603		2,776,989
Home equity loans		283		-		67		350		43,649		43,999
Home equity lines of credit		978		-		591		1,569		190,357		191,926
Installment		78		4		23		105		9,303		9,408
Total	$	5,619		925		8,065		14,609		3,205,305		3,219,914

Florida:	30-59		60-89		90 +		Total
	Days		Days		Days		30+ days				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-		-		-		-		32,551		32,551
Other		-		-		314		314		554		868
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		1,183		243		1,404		2,830		1,367,083		1,369,913
Home equity loans		51		-		-		51		12,499		12,550
Home equity lines of credit		224		-		-		224		94,282		94,506
Installment		6		-		83		89		2,810		2,899
Total	$	1,464		243		1,801		3,508		1,509,779		1,513,287

Total:	30-59		60-89		90 +		Total
	Days		Days		Days		30+ days				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-		-		161		161		209,761		209,922
Other		18		-		334		352		20,737		21,089
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		5,445		1,164		8,607		15,216		4,131,686		4,146,902
Home equity loans		334		-		67		401		56,148		56,549
Home equity lines of credit		1,202		-		591		1,793		284,639		286,432
Installment		84		4		106		194		12,113		12,307
Total	$	7,083		1,168		9,866		18,117		4,715,084		4,733,201

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no loans that were 90 days past due and still accruing interest.  As a result, non-accrual loans include all loans 90 days or more past due, as well as certain loans less than 90 days past due that were placed on non-accrual status for reasons other than delinquent status.  There are no commitments to extend further credit on non-accrual or restructured loans.

The Company transfers loans to other real estate owned, at fair value less cost to sell, in the period the Company obtains physical possession of the property (through foreclosure or through a deed in lieu).  Other real estate owned is included in other assets on the Balance Sheet. As of September 30,2023 other real estate owned included $1.2 million of residential foreclosed properties.  In addition, non-accrual residential mortgage loans that are in the process of foreclosure had an amortized cost of $6.3 million as of September 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, other real estate owned included $2.1 million of residential foreclosed properties.  In addition, non-accrual residential mortgage loans that are in the process of foreclosure had a recorded investment of $7.4 million as of December 31, 2022.

29

Loans individually evaluated for impairment include non-accrual commercial loans, as well as all loan modifications. As of September 30, 2023 , there was no allowance for credit losses based on the loan individually evaluated for impairment.

Residential and installment non-accrual loans which are not loan modifications are collectively evaluated to determine the allowance for credit loss.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis in non-accrual loans by portfolio segment:

	As of September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	New York and
	other states*		Florida		Total
Loans in non-accrual status:
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	540	$	-	$	540
Other		-		314		314
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		12,128		1,988		14,116
Home equity loans		238		45		283
Home equity lines of credit		2,267		195		2,462
Installment		93		65		158
Total non-accrual loans		15,266		2,607		17,873
Restructured real estate mortgages - 1 to 4 family		5		-		5
Total nonperforming loans	$	15,271	$	2,607	$	17,878

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

	As of December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	New York and
	other states*		Florida		Total
Loans in non-accrual status:
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	199	$	-	$	199
Other		20		314		334
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		12,609		1,736		14,345
Home equity loans		153		42		195
Home equity lines of credit		2,187		117		2,304
Installment		23		83		106
Total non-accrual loans		15,191		2,292		17,483
Restructured real estate mortgages - 1 to 4 family		10		-		10
Total nonperforming loans	$	15,201	$	2,292	$	17,493

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

30

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 89 days still accruing as of September 30, 2023 and December 31,2022:

	As of September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Non-accrual With		Non-accrual With		Loans Past Due
	No Allowance for		Allowance for		Over 89 Days
	Credit Loss		Credit Loss		Still Accruing
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	540	$	-		-
Other		314		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		13,470		646		-
Home equity loans		277		6		-
Home equity lines of credit		2,345		117		-
Installment		106		52		-
Total loans, net	$	17,052	$	821		-

	As of December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Non-accrual With		Non-accrual With		Loans Past Due
	No Allowance for		Allowance for		Over 89 Days
	Credit Loss		Credit Loss		Still Accruing
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	160	$	39		-
Other		20		314		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		13,502		843		-
Home equity loans		129		66		-
Home equity lines of credit		2,257		47		-
Installment		82		24		-
Total loans, net	$	16,150	$	1,333		-

The non-accrual balance of $821 thousand and $1.3 million was collectively evaluated and the associated allowance for credit losses on loans was determined not to be material as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Expected credit losses for the collateral dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.

31

 The following tables present the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral dependent loans by portfolio segment as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30, 2023
	Type of Collateral
(dollars in thousands)
	Real Estate		Investment Securities/Cash		Other
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	648		-		-
Other		314		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		20,854		-		-
Home equity loans		378		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		3,289		-		-
Installment		106		-		-
Total	$	25,589		-		-

		As of December 31, 2022
		Type of Collateral
(dollars in thousands)
		Real Estate		Investment Securities/Cash		Other
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	��	$	312		-		-
Other			334		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages			21,467		-		-
Home equity loans			236		-		-
Home equity lines of credit			3,264		-		-
Installment			82		-		-
Total		$	25,695		-		-

The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that are modified. Interest income recognized on loans that are individually evaluated was not material during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022  loans individually evaluated included approximately $8.5 and $9.3 million, respectively, of loans in accruing status that were identified as loan modifications in accordance with regulatory guidance related to Chapter 7 bankruptcy loans.

Pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructuring and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty and receives a modification in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or a term extension in the current period needs to be disclosed.

32

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2023 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below:

For the three months ended September 30, 2023
New York and other states*:
	Payment		% of Total Class
(dollars in thousands)	Delay		of Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-		-
Other		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:		-		-
First mortgages		255		0.01	%
Home equity loans		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		-		-
Installment		-		-
Total	$	255		0.01	%

Florida:
	Payment		% of Total Class
(dollars in thousands)	Delay		of Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-		-
Other		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:				-
First mortgages		-		-
Home equity loans		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		-		-
Installment		-		-
Total	$	-		-

Total
	Payment		% of Total Class
(dollars in thousands)	Delay		of Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-		-
Other		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		255		0.01	%
Home equity loans		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		-		-
Installment		-		-
Total	$	255		0.01	%

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

33

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023
New York and other states*:
	Payment			% of Total Class
(dollars in thousands)	Delay			of Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		$	-		-
Other			-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:			-		-
First mortgages			490		0.02	%
Home equity loans			-		-
Home equity lines of credit			50		0.02	%
Installment			-		-
Total		$	540		0.02	%

Florida:
	Payment		% of Total Class
(dollars in thousands)	Delay		of Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-		-
Other		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		340		0.02	%
Home equity loans		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		-		-
Installment		-		-
Total	$	340		0.02	%

Total
	Payment		% of Total Class
(dollars in thousands)	Delay		of Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-		-
Other		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		830		0.02	%
Home equity loans		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		50		0.02	%
Installment		-		-
Total	$	880		0.02	%

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

34

The Bank monitors the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table describes the performance of loans that have been modified as of September 30, 2023:

	As of September 30, 2023
New York and other states*:				30-59		60-89		90+
				Days		Days		Days
(dollars in thousands)	Current			Past Due		Past Due		Past Due	Total
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Other		-		-		-		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		351		139		-		-		490
Home equity loans		-		-		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		50		-		-		-		50
Installment		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	401	$	139	$	-	$	-	$	540

Florida:				30-59		60-89		90+
				Days		Days		Days
(dollars in thousands)	Current			Past Due		Past Due		Past Due	Total
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Other		-		-		-		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		340		-		-		-		340
Home equity loans		-		-		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		-		-		-		-		-
Installment		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	340	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	340

Total				30-59		60-89		90+
				Days		Days		Days
(dollars in thousands)	Current			Past Due		Past Due		Past Due	Total
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Other		-		-		-		-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		691		139		-		-		830
Home equity loans		-		-		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		50		-		-		-		50
Installment		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	741	$	139	$	-	$	-	$	880

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

35

The following tables describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:

For the three months ended September 30, 2023
	Weighted
New York and other states*:	Average
	Payment
(dollars in thousands)	Delay (Months)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-
Other		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		18
Home equity loans		-
Home equity lines of credit		-
Installment		-
Total		18

	Weighted
Florida:	Average
	Payment
(dollars in thousands)	Delay (Months)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-
Other		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		-
Home equity loans		-
Home equity lines of credit		-
Installment		-
Total		-

	Weighted
	Average
	Payment
(dollars in thousands)	Delay (Months)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-
Other		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		18
Home equity loans		-
Home equity lines of credit		-
Installment		-
Total		18

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

36

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023
	Weighted
New York and other states*:	Average
	Payment
(dollars in thousands)	Delay (Months)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-
Other		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		20
Home equity loans		-
Home equity lines of credit		18
Installment		-
Total		38

	Weighted
Florida:	Average
	Payment
(dollars in thousands)	Delay (Months)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-
Other		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		24
Home equity loans		-
Home equity lines of credit		-
Installment		-
Total		24

	Weighted
	Average
	Payment
(dollars in thousands)	Delay (Months)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-
Other		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		44
Home equity loans		-
Home equity lines of credit		18
Installment		-
Total		62

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

37

As of September 30, 2023, all loans both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were current under the terms of the agreements. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to the borrowers and there were no charge-offs recorded against the loans. The Company had no allowance for credit losses recorded against these loans as of September 30, 2023. The Company did not have any loan modifications that had a payment default during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the company accounted for loan modifications as Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) and the following table presents, by class, loans that were modified as TDR’s for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022:

	Three months ended September 30, 2022
New York and other states*:			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
			Outstanding		Outstanding
	Number of		Recorded		Recorded
(dollars in thousands)	Contracts		Investment		Investment
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-	$	-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		3		282		282
Home equity loans		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		-		-		-
Total		3	$	282		282

Florida:			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
			Outstanding		Outstanding
	Number of		Recorded		Recorded
(dollars in thousands)	Contracts		Investment		Investment
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-	$	-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		-		-		-
Home equity loans		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		-		-		-
Total		-	$	-		-

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

38

	Nine months ended September 30, 2022
New York and other states*:			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
			Outstanding		Outstanding
	Number of		Recorded		Recorded
(dollars in thousands)	Contracts		Investment		Investment
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-	$	-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		7		719		719
Home equity loans		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		-		-		-
Total		7	$	719		719

Florida:			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
			Outstanding		Outstanding
	Number of		Recorded		Recorded
(dollars in thousands)	Contracts		Investment		Investment
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		-	$	-		-
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
First mortgages		-		-		-
Home equity loans		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		-		-		-
Total		-	$	-		-

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

The addition of these TDRs did not have a significant impact on the allowance for credit losses on loans. The nature of the modifications that resulted in them being classified as a TDR was the borrower filing for bankruptcy protection. There were no loans that defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 which had been classified as a loan modification within the prior twelve months.

In situations where the Bank considers a loan modification, management determines whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty by performing an evaluation of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification.  This evaluation is performed under the Company’s underwriting policy.

Generally, the modification of the terms of loans was the result of the borrower filing for bankruptcy protection. Chapter 13 bankruptcies generally include the deferral of all past due amounts for a period of generally 60 months in accordance with the bankruptcy court order. In the case of Chapter 7 bankruptcies, even though there is no modification of terms, the borrowers’ debt to the Company was discharged and they did not reaffirm the debt.

A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms. In situations involving a borrower filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy protection, however, a loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due, consistent with the treatment by the bankruptcy court.

39

(6) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the value that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities:

Securities Available for Sale: The fair value of securities available for sale is determined utilizing an independent pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities. The pricing service uses a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows. This results in a Level 1 or Level 2 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Interest and dividend income is recorded on the accrual method and is included in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the respective investment class under total interest and dividend income. The Company does not have any securities that would be designated as Level 3.

Other Real Estate Owned: Assets acquired through loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. This results in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Individually evaluated loans: Periodically the Company records non-recurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans.  Non-recurring adjustments can also include certain adjustments for collateral-dependent loans to adjust balances to fair value and generally have had a charge-off through the allowance for credit losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. When obtained, non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Loans individually evaluated are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

40

Indications of value for both collateral-dependent loans and other real estate owned are obtained from third party providers or the Company’s internal Appraisal Department. All indications of value are reviewed for reasonableness by a member of the Appraisal Department for the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value via comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value under ASC 820 on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Fair Value Measurements at
	September 30, 2023 Using:
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other		Significant
			Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(dollars in thousands)	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	121,474	$	-	$	121,474	$	-
State and political subdivisions		34		-		34		-
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		233,719		-		233,719		-
Corporate bonds		76,935		-		76,935		-
Small Business Administration- guaranteed participation securities		17,316		-		17,316		-
Other securities		657		-		657		-
Total securities available for sale	$	450,135	$	-	$	450,135	$	-

	Fair Value Measurements at
	December 31, 2022 Using:
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other		Significant
			Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(dollars in thousands)	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Securities available for sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	118,187	$	-	$	118,187	$	-
State and political subdivisions		34		-		34		-
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		260,316		-		260,316		-
Corporate bonds		81,346		-		81,346		-
Small Business Administration- guaranteed participation securities		20,977		-		20,977		-
Other securities		653		-		653		-
Total securities available for sale	$	481,513	$	-	$	481,513	$	-

41

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

Fair Value Measurements at

September 30, 2023 Using:

Significant

Quoted Prices in

Other

Significant

Active Markets for

Observable

Unobservable

Carrying

Identical Assets

Inputs

Inputs

(dollars in thousands)

Value

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Valuation technique

Unobservable inputs

Range (Weighted Average)

Other real estate owned

$

1,185

$

-

$

-

$

1,185

Sales comparison approach

Adjustments for differences between comparable sales

0% - 77% (29

%)

Loans individually evaluated

-

-

-

-

Sales comparison

Adjustments for differences between comparable sales

N/A

Fair Value Measurements at

December 31, 2022 Using:

Significant

Quoted Prices in

Other

Significant

Active Markets for

Observable

Unobservable

Carrying

Identical Assets

Inputs

Inputs

(dollars in thousands)

Value

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Valuation technique

Unobservable inputs

Range (Weighted Average)

Other real estate owned

$

2,061

$

-

$

-

$

2,061

Sales comparison approach

Adjustments for differences between comparable sales

2% - 47% (18

%)

Impaired loans:

Real estate mortgage -1 to 4 family

-

-

-

-

Sales comparison

Adjustments for differences between comparable sales

N/A

Other real estate owned, that is carried at fair value less costs to sell was approximately $1.2 million at September 30, 2023 and consisted of residential real estate properties. There were no commercial real estate properties.  A valuation charge of $143 thousand is included in earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Of the total individually evaluated loans of $25.6 million at September 30, 2023, there are no loans that are collateral dependent and are carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis.  Due to the sufficiency of charge offs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no specific valuation allowances for these loans at September 30, 2023. There were no gross charge offs related to residential individually evaluated loans included in the table above for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Other real estate owned, which is carried at fair value less costs to sell, was approximately $2.1 million at December 31, 2022, and consisted of only residential real estate properties. A valuation charge of $68 thousand is included in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Of the total individually evaluated loans of $25.7 million at December 31, 2022, there are no loans that were collateral dependent and are carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis. Due to the sufficiency of charge-offs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no specific valuation allowances for these loans at December 31, 2022.

42

In accordance with FASB Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”), the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements at
	Carrying		September 30, 2023 Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	507,261		507,261		-		-		507,261
Securities available for sale		450,135		22		450,113		-		450,135
Held to maturity securities		6,724		-		6,444		-		6,444
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		6,203		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Net loans		4,913,055		-		-		4,366,535		4,366,535
Accrued interest receivable		13,429		590		1,873		10,966		13,429
Financial liabilities:
Demand deposits		773,293		773,293		-		-		773,293
Interest bearing deposits		4,461,072		2,879,568		1,556,686		-		4,436,254
Short-term borrowings		103,110		-		103,110		-		103,110
Accrued interest payable		2,480		237		2,243		-		2,480

(dollars in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements at
	Carrying		December 31, 2022 Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	650,599		650,599		-		-		650,599
Securities available for sale		481,513		-		481,513		-		481,513
Held to maturity securities		7,707		-		7,580		-		7,580
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal
Home Loan Bank stock		5,797		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Net loans		4,687,169		-		-		4,328,508		4,328,508
Accrued interest receivable		11,492		189		1,866		9,437		11,492
Financial liabilities:
Demand deposits		838,147		838,147		-		-		838,147
Interest bearing deposits		4,354,663		3,325,900		1,012,528		-		4,338,428
Short-term borrowings		122,700		-		122,700		-		122,700
Accrued interest payable		602		60		542		-		602

43

(7) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following is a summary of the accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income balances, net of tax:

	Three months ended September 30, 2023
							Amount
				Other			reclassified			Other
				Comprehensive			from Accumulated			Comprehensive loss-
	Balance at			loss-Before			Other Comprehensive			Three months ended			Balance at
(dollars in thousands)	7/1/2023			Reclassifications			Income			9/30/2023			9/30/2023
Net unrealized holding loss on securities available for sale, net of tax	$	(31,125	)		(5,212	)		-			(5,212	)		(36,337	)
Net change in overfunded position in pension and postretirement plans arising during the year, net of tax		7,588			-			-			-			7,588
Net change in net actuarial gain and prior service credit on pension and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax		(2,675	)		-			(82	)		(82	)		(2,757	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(26,212	)		(5,212	)		(82	)		(5,294	)		(31,506	)

	Three months ended September 30, 2022
							Amount
				Other			reclassified			Other
				Comprehensive			from Accumulated			Comprehensive loss-
	Balance at			loss-Before			Other Comprehensive			Three months ended			Balance at
(dollars in thousands)	7/1/2022			Reclassifications			Income			9/30/2022			9/30/2022
Net unrealized holding gain on securities available for sale, net of tax	$	(21,106	)		(15,522	)		-			(15,522	)		(36,628	)
Net change in overfunded position in pension and postretirement plans arising during the year, net of tax		13,706			-			-			-			13,706
Net change in net actuarial gain and prior service cost on pension and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax		(2,022	)		-			(265	)		(265	)		(2,287	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(9,422	)		(15,522	)		(265	)		(15,787	)		(25,209	)

	Nine months ended September 30, 2023
							Amount
				Other			reclassified			Other
				Comprehensive			from Accumulated			Comprehensive loss-
	Balance at			loss-Before			Other Comprehensive			Nine months ended			Balance at
(dollars in thousands)	1/1/2023			Reclassifications			Income			9/30/2023			9/30/2023
Net unrealized holding loss on securities available for sale, net of tax	$	(32,271	)		(4,066	)		-			(4,066	)		(36,337	)
Net change in overfunded position in pension and postretirement plans arising during the year, net of tax		7,588			-			-			-			7,588
Net change in net actuarial gain and prior service cost on pension and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax		(2,511	)		-			(246	)		(246	)		(2,757	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(27,194	)		(4,066	)		(246	)		(4,312	)		(31,506	)

	Nine months ended September 30, 2022
							Amount
				Other			reclassified			Other
				Comprehensive			from Accumulated			Comprehensive loss-
	Balance at			loss-Before			Other Comprehensive			Nine months ended			Balance at
(dollars in thousands)	1/1/2022			Reclassifications			Income			9/30/2022			9/30/2022
Net unrealized holding gain on securities available for sale, net of tax	$	(26	)		(36,602	)		-			(36,602	)		(36,628	)
Net change in overfunded position in pension and postretirement plans arising during the year, net of tax		13,706			-			-			-			13,706
Net change in net actuarial gain and prior service credit on pension and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax		(1,533	)		-			(754	)		(754	)		(2,287	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$	12,147			(36,602	)		(754	)		(37,356	)		(25,209	)

44

The following represents the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

(dollars in thousands)	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022			Affected Line Item in Financial Statements
Amortization of pension and postretirement benefit items:
Amortization of net actuarial gain	$	115			280		$	343			784		Salaries and employee benefits
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)		(4	)		78			(10	)		235		Salaries and employee benefits
Income tax (benefit) expense		(29	)		(93	)		(87	)		(265	)	Income taxes
Net of tax		82			265			246			754
Total reclassifications, net of tax	$	82			265		$	246			754

(8) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within non-interest income. The following table presents the Company’s sources of non-Interest Income for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Items outside the scope of ASC 606 are noted as such.

(dollars in thousands)	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Non-interest income
Service Charges on Deposits
Overdraft fees	$	766	$	714	$	2,169	$	2,007
Other		515		494		1,601		1,466
Interchange Income		1,376		1,546		4,483		4,792
Wealth management fees		1,627		1,435		4,813		5,264
Other (a)		290		197		775		956
Total non-interest income	$	4,574	$	4,386	$	13,841	$	14,485

(a) Not within the scope of ASC 606.

A description of  the Company’s revenue streams accounted in accordance with ASC 606 as follows:

Service charges on Deposit Accounts: The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction‑based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction‑based fees, which include services such as stop payment charges, statement rendering and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed, as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.

Interchange Income: Interchange revenue primarily consists of interchange fees, volume‑related incentives and ATM charges. As the card‑issuing bank, interchange fees represent our portion of discount fees paid by merchants for credit/debit card transactions processed through the interchange network. The levels and structure of interchange rates are set by the card processing companies and are based on cardholder purchase volumes. The Company earns interchange income as cardholder transactions occur and interchange fees are settled on a daily basis concurrent with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder.

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Wealth Management fees: Trustco Financial Services provides a comprehensive suite of trust and wealth management products and services, including financial and estate planning, trustee and custodial services, investment management, corporate retirement plan recordkeeping and administration of which a fee is charged to manage assets for investment or transact on accounts. These fees are earned over time as the Company provides the contracted monthly or quarterly services and are generally assessed over the period in which services are performed based on a percentage of the fair value of assets under management or administration. Other services are based on a fixed fee for certain account types, or based on transaction activity and are recognized when services are rendered.  Fees are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.

(9) Operating Leases

The Company has committed to rent premises used in business operations under non-cancelable operating leases and determines if an arrangement meets the definition of a lease upon inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, therefore the Company used its incremental collateralized borrowing rates commensurate with the underlying lease terms to determine present value of operating lease liabilities. Additionally, the Company does allocate the consideration between lease and non-lease components. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.  Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease components, such as fair market value adjustments, are expensed as incurred and not included in ROU assets and operating lease liabilities. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As of September 30, 2023, the Company did not have any leases with terms of twelve months or less.

As of September 30, 2023 the Company did not have any leases for which any related construction had not yet started. At September 30, 2023 lease expiration dates ranged from three months to 21.0 years and have a weighted average remaining lease term of 8.6 years. Certain leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments as defined in the lease agreements. As mentioned above the leases generally also include variable lease components which include real estate taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance (“CAM”) charges in the annual rental payments.

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Other information related to leases was as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	Three months ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	2,045		2,062
Variable lease cost		527		565
Total Lease costs	$	2,572		2,627

(dollars in thousands)	Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	6,132		6,185
Variable lease cost		1,731		1,706
Total Lease costs	$	7,863		7,891

(dollars in thousands)	Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2023			2022
Supplemental cash flows information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	6,268			6,262
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:		1,653			2,484
Weighted average remaining lease term	8.6 years			9.0 years
Weighted average discount rate		3.05	%		2.96	%

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Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2023 were as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Year ending
December 31,
2023(a)	$	2,108
2024		8,379
2025		7,978
2026		7,004
2027		5,767
Thereafter		20,522
Total lease payments	$	51,758
Less: Interest		6,340
Present value of lease liabilities	$	45,418

^(a) Excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

A member of the Board of Directors has an ownership interest in five entities that own commercial real estate leased by the Company for use as branch locations. Total lease payments from the Company to those entities, which are included in the table above, owed at September 30, 2023, were $2.9 million, which includes interest of $333 thousand.

(10) Regulatory Capital Requirements

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy regulations and, additionally for banks, the prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can result in regulatory action. As of September 30, 2023, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition.  If a bank is not classified as well capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits.  If a bank is undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required.  The federal banking agencies are required to take certain supervisory actions (and may take additional discretionary actions) with respect to an undercapitalized institution or its holding company.  Such actions could have a direct material effect on an institution’s or its holding company’s financial statements.  As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.  There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

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The Bank and the Company reported the following capital ratios as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

(Bank Only)									Minimum for
	As of September 30, 2023					Well			Capital Adequacy plus
									Capital Conservation
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Capitalized(1)			Buffer (1)(2)
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	634,460		10.452	%		5.000	%		4.000	%
Common equity tier 1 capital		634,460		18.395			6.500			7.000
Tier 1 risk-based capital		634,460		18.395			8.000			8.500
Total risk-based capital		677,649		19.647			10.000			10.500

	As of December 31, 2022					Well			Minimum for
									Capital Adequacy plus
									Capital Conservation
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Capitalized(1)			Buffer (1)(2)
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	609,998		10.116	%		5.000	%		4.000	%
Common equity tier 1 capital		609,998		18.431			6.500			7.000
Tier 1 risk-based capital		609,998		18.431			8.000			8.500
Total risk-based capital		651,462		19.684			10.000			10.500

(Consolidated)
	As of September 30, 2023					Minimum for
						Capital Adequacy plus
						Capital Conservation
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Buffer (1)(2)
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	654,879		10.785	%		4.000	%
Common equity tier 1 capital		654,879		18.982			7.000
Tier 1 risk-based capital		654,879		18.982			8.500
Total risk-based capital		698,079		20.234			10.500

	As of December 31, 2022					Minimum for
						Capital Adequacy plus
						Capital Conservation
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Buffer (1)(2)
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	626,628		10.390	%		4.000	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital		626,628		18.929			7.000
Tier 1 risk-based capital		626,628		18.929			8.500
Total risk-based capital		668,102		20.182			10.500

(1) Federal regulatory minimum requirements to be considered to be Well Capitalized and Adequately Capitalized

(2) The September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 common equity tier 1, tier 1 risk-based, and total risk-based capital ratios include a capital conservation buffer of 2.50 percent

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(11) New Accounting Pronouncements

Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 121 - In March 2022, the SEC issued SAB No. 121. This SAB adds interpretive guidance for entities to consider when they have obligations to safeguard crypto-assets held for their platform users.  Specifically, this SAB provides interpretive guidance on the accounting and disclosure of obligations to safeguard crypto-assets held for platform users. This guidance was applicable no later than the financial statement covering the first interim or annual period ending after June 15, 2022. The Company reviewed its business activities as of the date of adoption, June 30, 2022, and determined that SAB 121 is not materially impactful to the financial statements. Management has continued to monitor it on a quarterly basis and has determined that SAB 121 is not materially impactful to the financial statements as of September 30, 2023.

ASU 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures: In March 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructuring and Vintage Disclosures. ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, the amendments in this ASU require that public business entities disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses -Measured at Amortized Cost. For entities, like TrustCo, that have adopted the amendments in ASU 2016-13, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption was permitted, including adoption in an interim period. An entity may have elected to adopt the loan modification guidance and related disclosure enhancements separately from the amendments related to vintage disclosures. The Company adopted the ASU on January 1, 2023 using the prospective approach and the adoption did not have a material impact to the Company, however, disclosures were modified for the new guidance.

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Crowe LLP Independent Member Crowe Global

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Shareholders and the Board of Directors of TrustCo Bank Corp NY

Glenville, New York

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the consolidated statement of financial condition of TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the "Company") as of September 30, 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 and the related changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial information or statements"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the consolidated statement of financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated March 1, 2023, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated statement of financial condition as of December 31, 2022, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of condition from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.  We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

	/s/ Crowe LLP
New York, New York
November 8, 2023

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Introduction

The review that follows focuses on the factors affecting the financial condition and results of operations of TrustCo during the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, with comparisons to the corresponding period in 2022, as applicable.  Net interest margin is presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis in this discussion.  The consolidated interim financial statements and related notes, as well as the 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023, should also be read in conjunction with this review.  Amounts in prior period consolidated interim financial statements are reclassified whenever necessary to conform to the current period's presentation.

Economic Overview

During the third quarter of 2023, financial markets did not carry the momentum of the first two quarters.  For the third quarter of 2023, the S&P 500 Index was down 3.65%, Nasdaq was down 4.12%, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 2.62% compared to the prior quarter.  The 10‑year Treasury bond averaged 4.15% during Q3 2023 compared to 3.60% in Q2 2023, an increase of 55 basis points.  The 2‑year Treasury bond average rate increased 66 basis points to 4.92%, which increased the inverted yield curve over the prior quarter.  Consequently, the spread between the 10‑year and the 2-year Treasury bonds widened from -0.67% on average in Q2 to -0.77% in Q3.  Generally, steeper yield curves are favorable for portfolio mortgage lenders like TrustCo, and the table below illustrates the range of rate movements for both short term and longer term rates.  Commencing in March 2022, the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) increased the target range for the Federal Funds rate seven times in 2022 and four times in 2023 by a total of 525 basis points, to a range of 5.25% to 5.50% as of September 30, 2023.  All of these increases were expressly made in response to inflationary pressures, which are currently expected to continue.  Spreads of most asset classes to the comparative treasury yield, including agency securities, corporates, municipals and mortgage-backed securities, continue to be down as compared to the levels seen before the pandemic.  Accordingly, changes in rates and spreads continue to be effected by global economic concerns.

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		3 Month		2 Year		5 Year		10 Year		10 - 2 Year
		Yield (%)		Yield (%)		Yield (%)		Yield (%)		Spread (%)
Q3/22	Beg of Q3		1.72		2.92		3.01		2.98		0.06
	Peak		3.40		4.30		4.21		3.97		0.04
	Trough		1.73		2.82		2.66		2.60		-0.51
	End of Q3		3.33		4.22		4.06		3.83		-0.39
	Average in Q3		2.75		3.38		3.23		3.10		-0.28
Q4/22	Beg of Q4		3.33		4.22		4.06		3.83		-0.39
	Peak		4.46		4.72		4.45		4.25		-0.25
	Trough		3.45		4.10		3.61		3.42		-0.84
	End of Q4		4.42		4.41		3.99		3.88		-0.53
	Average in Q4		4.19		4.39		4.00		3.83		-0.56
Q1/23	Beg of Q1		4.42		4.41		3.99		3.88		-0.53
	Peak		5.06		5.05		4.34		4.08		-0.38
	Trough		4.52		3.76		3.39		3.37		-1.07
	End of Q1		4.97		4.10		3.66		3.55		-0.55
	Average in Q1		4.78		4.35		3.80		3.65		-0.70
Q2/23	Beg of Q2		4.97		4.10		3.66		3.55		-0.55
	Peak		5.55		4.87		4.14		3.85		-0.38
	Trough		4.86		3.75		3.29		3.30		-1.06
	End of Q2		5.43		4.87		4.13		3.81		-1.06
	Average in Q2		5.27		4.26		3.69		3.60		-0.67
Q3/23	Beg of Q3		5.43		4.87		4.13		3.81		-1.06
	Peak		5.61		5.12		4.67		4.61		-0.44
	Trough		5.44		4.59		3.93		3.75		-1.08
	End of Q3		5.55		5.03		4.60		4.59		-0.44
	Average in Q3		5.54		4.92		4.31		4.15		-0.77

The United States economy experienced several areas of concern throughout 2022 continuing into 2023.  Economic conditions can vary significantly over geographic areas, with strength concentrated in and around major population centers on the coasts and in certain areas where economic activity has been driven by specific regional factors.

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On March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as receiver. Similarly, on March 12, 2023, Signature Bank and Silvergate Capital Corp. were each placed into receivership.  Additionally, following the rapid withdrawal of deposits and large losses reported by Credit Suisse in Switzerland, Swiss Bank UBS Group AG acquired Credit Suisse in an emergency arrangement brokered by the Swiss government.  Lastly, due to the destabilization of First Republic, the FDIC assisted in arranging a sale of First Republic to JPMorgan Chase on May 1, 2023. In response to the U.S. bank failures in the spring of 2023, the Federal Reserve established a Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”) to offer emergency loans of up to one year to eligible depository institutions pledging qualifying assets as collateral.  Nevertheless, the closures of those banks and adverse developments affecting other banks over the course of 2023 have resulted in heightened levels of market activity and volatility. For instance, the share price of a number of regional banks continues to be adversely affected given continuing concerns regarding the liquidity of these banks and the stability of the banking system in general.  The impact of market volatility from the adverse developments in the banking industry along with continued high inflation and rising interest rates on our business and related financial results, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Our businesses and financial results may be impacted by a variety of other factors as well, such as a government shutdown, a failure by the federal government to raise the federal debt ceiling, or an economic slowdown or recession.

Additionally, in May 2023, the FDIC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking which would implement a special assessment on banks with total assets greater than $5.0 billion to recover the cost associated with protecting uninsured depositors following the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.  The FDIC has proposed to collect a special assessment at an annual rate of approximately 12.5 basis points over eight quarterly assessment periods, which it estimates will result in total revenue of $15.8 billion. Because the estimated loss pursuant to the systemic risk determination will be periodically adjusted, the FDIC would retain the ability to cease collection early, extend the special assessment collection period one or more quarters beyond the initial eight-quarter collection period to collect the difference between actual or estimated losses and the amounts collected, or impose a final shortfall special assessment on a one-time basis after the receiverships for SVB and Signature Bank terminate. The FDIC is proposing an effective date of January 1, 2024, with special assessments collected beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of 2024 (i.e., January 1 through March 31, 2024, with an invoice payment date of June 28, 2024). The special assessment is expected to be recognized, in full, in the reporting period in which the final rule is published.

TrustCo believes that its long-term focus on traditional banking services and practices historically has enabled the Company to avoid significant impact from asset quality problems, and that the Company’s strong liquidity and solid capital positions have allowed the Company to continue to conduct business in a manner consistent with its past practice.  Management believes that TrustCo has not engaged in the types of high risk loans and investments that led to the widely reported problems in the industry during the 2007-2009 financial crisis.  Nevertheless, the Company may experience increases in nonperforming loans (“NPLs”) relative to the historical levels that followed the financial crisis from time to time.

Should general housing prices and other economic measures, such as unemployment in the Company’s market areas, deteriorate as a result of higher interest rates, financial sector instability, a potential or actual default on the federal debt or other reasons, the Company may experience an increase in the level of credit risk and in the amount of its classified and nonperforming loans.

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Financial Overview

TrustCo recorded net income of $14.7 million, or $0.77 of diluted earnings per share, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net income of $19.4 million, or $1.01 of diluted earnings per share, in the same period in 2022.  Return on average assets was 0.96% and 1.24%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.  Return on average equity was 9.32% and 12.78%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

The primary factors accounting for the change in net income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period of the prior year were:

• An increase in interest expense of $14.1 million from interest bearing liabilities, offset by an increase in interest income of $8.5 million from interest earning assets, resulting in a decrease in taxable equivalent net interest income in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022 of $5.6 million.

• An increase of $1.3 million in noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter 2022, primarily as a result of an increase in salaries and employee benefits, equipment expense, professional services, outsourced services, advertising expense, FDIC and other insurance expense, partially offset by decreases in net occupancy expense and other expenses.

TrustCo recorded net income of $48.8 million, or $2.57 of diluted earnings per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net income of $54.3 million, or $2.84 of diluted earnings per share, in the same period in 2022.  Return on average assets was 1.08% and 1.17%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.  Return on average equity was 10.57% and 12.16%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Asset/Liability Management

The Company strives to generate its earnings capabilities through a mix of core deposits funding a prudent mix of earning assets.  Additionally, TrustCo attempts to maintain adequate liquidity and reduce the sensitivity of net interest income to changes in interest rates to an acceptable level while enhancing profitability both on a short‑term and long‑term basis.

TrustCo’s results are affected by a variety of factors including competitive and economic conditions in the specific markets in which the Company operates and, more generally, in the national economy, financial markets and the regulatory environment.  Each of these factors is dynamic, and changes in any area can have an impact on TrustCo’s results.  Included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 is a description of the effect interest rates had on the results for the year 2022 compared to 2021.  Many of the same market factors discussed in the 2022 Annual Report, including instability in the financial services sector and heightened global economic concerns, continued to have a significant impact on results through the third quarter of 2023.

TrustCo competes with other financial service providers based upon many factors including quality of service, convenience of operations and rates paid on deposits and charged on loans.

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In the experience of management, the absolute level of interest rates, changes in interest rates and customers’ expectations with respect to the direction of interest rates have a significant impact on the volume of loan and deposit originations in any particular period.

Interest rates have a significant impact on the operations and financial results of all financial services companies.  One of the most important interest rates used to control national economic policy is the “Federal Funds” rate.  This is the interest rate utilized within the banking system for overnight borrowings for institutions with the highest credit rating.  Beginning in the second half of 2019, the Federal Reserve Board began lowering the rate in response to a slowing economy.  During the first quarter of 2020, the target range for the Federal Funds rate was significantly decreased to 0.00% to 0.25% as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.  However, as discussed above, the FOMC increased the target range for the federal funds rate seven times in 2022 and four times in 2023 by a total of 525 basis points, to a range of 5.25% to 5.50% as of September 2023.

The interest rate on the 10-year Treasury bond and other long-term interest rates have significant influence on the rates for new residential real estate loans.  These changes in interest rates have an effect on the Company relative to the interest income on loans, securities, and Federal Funds sold and other short-term instruments as well as the interest expense on deposits and borrowings.  Residential real estate loans and longer term investments are most affected by the changes in longer term market interest rates such as the 10‑year Treasury.  The Federal Funds sold portfolio and other short‑term investments are affected primarily by changes in the Federal Funds target rate.  Deposit interest rates are most affected by short term market interest rates.  Also, changes in interest rates have an effect on the recorded balance of the securities available for sale portfolio, which are recorded at fair value.  Generally, as market interest rates increase, the fair value of the securities will decrease and the reverse is also generally applicable.  Interest rates on new residential real estate loan originations are also influenced by the rates established by secondary market participants such as Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.  The Company establishes rates that management determines are appropriate in light of the long-term nature of residential real estate loans while remaining competitive.  Higher market interest rates also generally increase the value of retail deposits.

TrustCo’s principal loan products are residential real estate loans.  As noted above, residential real estate loans and longer‑term investments are most affected by the changes in longer term market interest rates such as the 10-year Treasury.  The 10‑year Treasury yield increased 0.55 basis points, on average, during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2023 and increased 105 basis points as compared to the third quarter of 2022.

While TrustCo has been affected by changes in financial markets over time, management believes that the impacts have been mitigated by the Company’s generally conservative approach to banking.  The Company utilizes a traditional underwriting process in evaluating loan applications, and since originated loans are retained in the portfolio, there is a strong incentive to be conservative in making credit decisions.  For additional information concerning TrustCo’s loan portfolio and nonperforming loans, please refer to the discussions under “Loans” and “Nonperforming Assets,” respectively.  Further, the Company does not rely on borrowed funds to support its assets and maintains a significant level of liquidity on the asset side of the balance sheet.  Management believes that these characteristics provide the Company with increased flexibility and stability during periods of market disruption and interest rate volatility.

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A fundamental component of TrustCo’s strategy has been to grow customer relationships and the deposits and loans that are part of those relationships.  The Company has significant capacity to grow its balance sheet given its extensive branch network.  The Company expects that growth to be profitable.  The current interest rate environment, however, has narrowed the margin on incremental balance sheet expansion.  While the Company has not changed its fundamental long term strategy in regard to utilizing its excess capacity, management continually evaluates changing conditions and may seek to limit growth or reduce the size of the balance sheet if its analysis indicates that doing so would be beneficial.

For the third quarter of 2023, the net interest margin was 2.85%, down 31 basis points versus the prior year’s quarter.  The quarterly results reflect the following significant factors:

• The average balance of Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments decreased by $424.3 million while the average yield increased 312 basis points in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.  The increase in the yield was enough to offset the decrease in the average balance resulting in an increase in interest income of $1.5 million.

• The average balance of securities available for sale decreased by $31.0 million and the average yield increased 12 basis points to 2.24%.  The increase in the average yield was a result of higher yields on investments purchased during 2022 and 2023.

• The average loan portfolio grew by $337.6 million to $4.92 billion and the average yield increased 32 basis points to 3.89% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.  The average yield increased primarily as a result of higher rates on loan originations as a result of the current interest rate environment.

• The average balance of interest bearing liabilities decreased $77.2 million and the average rate paid increased 122 basis points to 1.33% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

During the third quarter of 2023, the Company continued to focus on its strategy to expand the loan portfolio by offering competitive interest rates.  Management believes the TrustCo residential real estate loan product is very competitive compared to local and national competitors.  Competition remains strong in the Company’s market areas.

The strategy on the funding side of the balance sheet was to offer competitive shorter term rates which provided the Bank the opportunity to maintain our existing deposits.  This strategy management believes should sustain TrustCo’s strong liquidity position and continue to allow us to cross sell to these new relationships and take advantage of opportunities as they arise.

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Earning Assets

Total average interest earning assets decreased from $6.04 billion in the third quarter of 2022 to $5.92 billion in the same period of 2023 with an average yield of 3.88% in the third quarter of 2023 and 3.24% in the third quarter of 2022.  The mix of assets invested in Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments and securities available for sale decreased while loans increased over the prior year period.  Interest income on average earning assets increased from $49.0 million in the third quarter of 2022 to $57.6 million in the third quarter of 2023, on a tax equivalent basis.  This increase was primarily driven by the higher interest rates on Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments and securities available for sale, which resulted from the increases in the Federal Funds target rate throughout 2022 and 2023, and also from interest income on loans due to an increased volume of originations year over year at higher interest rates.

Loans

The average balance of loans was $4.92 billion in the third quarter of 2023 and $4.59 billion in the comparable period in 2022, and the yield on loans was up 32 basis points to 3.89%.  Interest income on loans was $47.9 million in the third quarter of 2023 up $7.0 million from the same period in 2022.  The increase in the yield on loans is a result of the current interest rate environment.

Compared to the third quarter of 2022, the average balance of residential mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, commercial loans, and installment loans all increased.  The average balance of residential mortgage loans was $4.33 billion in the third quarter of 2023 compared to $4.11 billion in 2022, an increase of 5.3%.  The average yield on residential mortgage loans increased by 20 basis points to 3.64% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to 2022.

TrustCo actively markets the residential loan products within its market territories.  Mortgage loan rates are affected by a number of factors including rates on Treasury securities, the Federal Funds target rate and rates set by competitors and secondary market participants. TrustCo aggressively markets the unique aspects of its loan products thereby attempting to create a differentiation from other lenders.  These unique aspects include low closing costs, fast turn-around time on loan approvals, and no escrow or mortgage insurance requirements for qualified borrowers.  Assuming a continued rise in long-term interest rates, the Company would anticipate that the unique features of its loan products will continue to attract customers in the residential mortgage loan area.

Commercial loans, which consist primarily of loans secured by commercial real estate, increased $53.6 million to an average balance of $261.1 million in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year.  The average yield on this portfolio was up 42 basis points to 5.21% compared to the prior year period.  Company remains selective in underwriting commercial loans seeking a favorable risk/reward balance.

The average yield on home equity credit lines increased 173 basis points to 6.12% during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the year earlier period. The average balances of home equity credit lines increased 22.5% to $320.4 million in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the prior year.

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Securities Available for Sale

The average balance of the securities available for sale portfolio for the third quarter of 2023 was $489.8 million compared to $520.7 million for the comparable period in 2022.  The decreasing balance reflects routine paydowns, calls and maturities, partially offset by new investment purchases.  The average yield was 2.24% for the third quarter of 2023 compared to 2.12% for the third quarter of 2022.  The increase in average yield is a result of higher yields on bonds purchased in 2022 and 2023 as a result of the current interest rate environment.  This portfolio is primarily comprised of agency issued residential mortgage backed securities, bonds issued by government sponsored enterprises (such as Fannie Mae, the Federal Home Loan Bank, and Freddie Mac), Small Business Administration participation certificates, corporate bonds and municipal bonds.  These securities are recorded at fair value with any adjustment in fair value included in other comprehensive income, net of tax.

The net unrealized loss in the available for sale securities portfolio was $49.0 million as of September 30, 2023 compared to a net unrealized loss of $43.5 million as of December 31, 2022.  The net unrealized losses in the portfolio is the result of changes in market interest rate levels.

Held to Maturity Securities

The average balance of held to maturity securities was $6.9 million for the third quarter of 2023 compared to $8.3 million in the third quarter of 2022.  The decrease in balances reflects routine paydowns and calls.  No new securities were added to this portfolio during the period.  The average yield was 4.22% for the third quarter of 2023 up from 4.08% for the year earlier period.  TrustCo expects to hold the securities in this portfolio until they mature or are called.

The net unrecognized loss in the held to maturity securities portfolio was $280 thousand as of September 30, 2023 compared to a net unrecognized loss of $127 thousand as of December 31, 2022.  The decrease in the net unrecognized losses in the portfolio is the result of changes in market interest rate levels.

As of September 30, 2023, this portfolio consisted solely of agency issued residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.  The balances for these securities are recorded at amortized cost.

Federal Funds Sold and Other Short-term Investments

The average balance of Federal Funds sold and other short‑term investments was $494.6 million for the third quarter of 2023 compared to $918.9 million in the third quarter of 2022.  The yield was 5.37% for the third quarter of 2023 and 2.25% for the comparable period in 2022.  Interest income from this portfolio increased $1.5 million from $5.2 million in 2022 to $6.7 million in 2023.  While the average balance decreased year over year, the increase in the Federal Funds target rate throughout 2022 and 2023 resulted in an increase in interest income over the same period in the prior year.

The Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments portfolio is utilized to generate additional interest income and liquidity as funds are waiting to be deployed into the loan and securities portfolios.

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Funding Opportunities

TrustCo utilizes various funding sources to support its earning asset portfolio.  The vast majority of the Company’s funding comes from traditional deposit vehicles such as savings, demand deposits, interest-bearing checking, money market and time deposit accounts.

Total average interest bearing deposit accounts (which includes interest bearing checking, money market accounts, savings and time deposits) decreased $49.1 million to $4.45 billion for the third quarter of 2023 versus the third quarter in the prior year, and the average rate paid increased from 0.10% for 2022 to 1.34% for 2023.  Total interest expense on these deposits increased from $1.1 million to $15.1 million in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the year earlier period.  From the third quarter of 2022 to the third quarter of 2023, interest bearing checking account average balances were down 12.1%, certificates of deposit average balances were up 52.2%, non-interest demand average balances were down 9.6%, average savings balances decreased 18.8% and money market balances were down 16.1%.  While average balances are down from a year ago, we have grown deposits as compared to December 2022, and we continue to encourage customers to retain these funds in the expanded product offerings of the Bank through aggressive marketing and product differentiation.

At September 30, 2023, the maturity of total time deposits is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Under 1 year	$	1,465,833
1 to 2 years		21,163
2 to 3 years		1,935
3 to 4 years		91,183
4 to 5 years		1,357
Over 5 years		33
	$	1,581,504

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately $956.7 million and $968.6 million, respectively, of our deposit portfolio were uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank's regulatory reporting requirements.

Average short-term borrowings for the third quarter were $110.0 million in 2023 compared to $138.1 million in 2022.  The average rate increased during this time period from 0.35% in 2022 to 0.88% in 2023.  The short-term borrowings of the Company are cash management accounts, which represent retail accounts with customers for which the Bank has pledged certain assets as collateral.

The Company has a number of contingent funding alternatives available in addition to the large cash and cash equivalents position and the investment securities positions it maintains on its balance sheet.  The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”) and is an eligible borrower at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”) and has the ability to borrow up to the amount pledged less any collateral reserve utilizing securities and/or loans.  The Bank does not utilize brokered deposits as a part of its funding strategy, but does incorporate them as a potential contingent funding source within its Asset/Liability Management Policy.  Like other contingent funding sources, brokered deposits may be tested from time to time to ensure operational and market readiness.

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Net Interest Income

Taxable equivalent net interest income decreased by $5.6 million to $42.2 million in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.  The net interest spread was down 58 basis points to 2.55% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. As previously noted, the net interest margin was also down 31 basis points to 2.85% for the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.  The decrease in both the spread and margin was driven by the increase in deposit costs primarily time deposits outpacing the increase in yield on interest earning assets.

Taxable equivalent net interest income increased by $2.3 million to $133.2 million in the first nine months of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.  The net interest spread was down 8 basis points to 2.78% in the first nine months of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.  Net interest margin was up 13 basis points to 3.01% for the first nine months of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans (“NPLs”), which are those loans in a non‑accrual status and loans past due three payments or more and still accruing interest.  Also included in the total of nonperforming assets are foreclosed real estate properties, which are included in other assets and categorized as other real estate owned.

The following describes the nonperforming assets of TrustCo as of September 30, 2023:

Nonperforming loans and foreclosed real estate: Total NPLs and non-accrual loans were $17.9 million at September 30, 2023, compared to $17.5 million at December 31, 2022 and $18.7 million at September 30, 2022.  There were no loans at September 30, 2023 and 2022 and December 31, 2022 that were past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest.  The coverage ratio, or allowance for credit losses on loans to NPLs, was 264.2% at September 30, 2023, compared to 243.6% at September 30, 2022.

At September 30, 2023, nonperforming loans primarily include a mix of commercial and residential loans.  Of total nonperforming loans of $17.9 million at September 30, 2023, $16.9 million were residential real estate loans, $854 thousand were commercial loans and mortgages and $158 thousand were installment loans, compared to $16.8 million, $533 thousand and $106 thousand, respectively, at December 31, 2022.

A significant percentage of nonperforming loans are residential real estate loans, which are historically lower-risk than most other types of loans.  Net recoveries were $26 thousand on residential real estate loans (including home equity lines of credit) for the third quarter of 2023 compared to net recoveries of $164 thousand for the third quarter of 2022.  Management believes that these loans have been appropriately written down where required.

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Ongoing portfolio management is intended to result in early identification and disengagement from deteriorating credits.  TrustCo has a diversified loan portfolio that includes a significant balance of residential mortgage loans to borrowers in the Capital Region of New York and Central Florida, and avoids concentrations to any one borrower or any single industry.  TrustCo has no advances to borrowers or projects located outside the United States.  TrustCo continues to identify delinquent loans as quickly as possible and to move promptly to resolve problem loans.  Efforts to resolve delinquencies begin immediately after the payment grace period expires, with repeated, automatically generated notices, as well as personalized phone calls and letters.  Loans are placed in nonaccrual status once they are 90 days past due, or earlier if management has determined that such classification is appropriate.  Once in nonaccrual status, loans are either brought current and maintained current, at which point they may be returned to accrual status, or they proceed through the foreclosure process.  The collateral on nonaccrual loans is evaluated periodically, and the loan balance is written down if the collateral value is insufficient.

The Company originates loans throughout its branch franchise area.  At September 30, 2023, 65.4% of its gross loan portfolio balances were in New York State and the immediately surrounding areas (including New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts), and 34.6% were in Florida.  Those figures compare to 68.0% and 32.0%, respectively, at December 31, 2022.

Economic conditions vary widely by geographic location.  As a percentage of the total nonperforming loans as of September 30, 2023, 14.6% were to Florida borrowers, compared to 85.4% to borrowers in New York and surrounding areas.  For the three months ended September 30, 2023, New York and surrounding areas experienced net recoveries of approximately $12 thousand and Florida experienced no net recoveries for the third quarter of 2023.

Other than loans currently identified as nonperforming, management is aware of no other loans in the Bank’s portfolio that pose material risk of the eventual non-collection of principal and interest.  Also as of September 30, 2023, there were no other loans classified for regulatory purposes that management reasonably expects will materially impact future operating results, liquidity, or capital resources.

TrustCo has identified nonaccrual commercial and commercial real estate loans, as well as all loan modifications, as individually evaluated loans.  There were $962 thousand of commercial mortgages and commercial loans classified as individually evaluated as of September 30, 2023 compared to $646 thousand classified as individually evaluated  at December 31, 2022.  There were $24.5 million of individually evaluated residential loans at September 30, 2023 compared to $25.0 million classified as individually evaluated at December 31, 2022.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s loan portfolio did not include any subprime mortgages or loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.

At September 30, 2023 there was $1.2 million of foreclosed real estate compared to $2.1 million at December 31, 2022.

Allowance for credit losses on loans: The Company adopted CECL on January 1, 2022. Under this standard, allowances have been  established for loans and commitments to lend. The allowance for credit losses on loans (“ACLL”) replaced the previous allowance for loan losses (“ALL”).  The Company recorded a net decrease to undivided profits of $3.5 million, net of $1.2 million in deferred tax balances as of January 1, 2022 for the cumulative effect of adopting CECL.

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In the third quarter of 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $100 thousand, which includes a provision for credit losses on loans of $300 thousand as a result of continued growth in the loan portfolio partially offset by a sustained low level of NPLs and charge-offs, and a benefit for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $200 thousand as a result of a corresponding decrease in unfunded loan commitments. In the third quarter of 2022, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $300 thousand, which includes a provision for credit losses on loans of $100 thousand as a result of continued growth in the loan portfolio partially offset by a sustained low level of NPLs and charge-offs, and a provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $200 thousand as a result of a corresponding increase in unfunded loan commitments.

The Company evaluated several external forecasts in choosing the forecast element for the economic components of the allowance for credit losses on loans. The Company selected the stagflation forecast and there have been no changes in the economic forecast modeling since CECL adoption on January 1, 2022.

From June 30, 2023 to September 30, 2023 the actual performance was in line with the forecasted performance pertaining to key variables such as consumer price indices, and Gross Metro Product.

See Note 5 of the consolidated interim financial statements for additional discussion related the process for determining the allowance and provision for credit losses.

The allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	As of September 30, 2023					As of December 31, 2022
	Amount		Percent of Loans to Total Loans			Amount		Percent of Loans to Total Loans
Commercial	$	2,490		4.98	%	$	2,343		4.41	%
Real estate - construction		294		0.59	%		385		0.77	%
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family		39,581		87.40	%		38,859		88.51	%
Home equity lines of credit		4,633		6.69	%		4,280		6.05	%
Installment Loans		228		0.34	%		165		0.26	%
	$	47,226		100.00	%	$	46,032		100.00	%

At September 30, 2023, the allowance for loan losses was $47.2 million, compared to $45.5 million at September 30, 2022 and $46.0 million at December 31, 2022.  The allowance represents 0.95% of the loan portfolio as of September 30, 2023, 0.97% at December 31, 2022, and 0.98% at September 30, 2022.

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During the third quarter of 2023, there were no commercial loan charge-offs, $27 thousand of residential loan charge-offs, and $23 thousand of consumer loan charge-offs, compared to no commercial loan charge-offs, $13 thousand of residential loan charge-offs, and $34 thousand of consumer loan charge-offs in the third quarter of 2022.  During the third quarter of 2023 there were no commercial loan recoveries, $53 thousand of residential mortgage recoveries, and $9 thousand for consumer loan recoveries, compared to no commercial loan recoveries, $177 thousand of residential mortgage recoveries, and $2 thousand for consumer loan recoveries in the third quarter of 2022.

Liquidity and Interest Rate Sensitivity

TrustCo seeks to obtain favorable sources of funding and to maintain prudent levels of liquid assets in order to satisfy varied liquidity demands.  Management believes that TrustCo’s earnings performance and strong capital position enable the Company to easily secure new sources of liquidity.  The Company actively manages its liquidity through target ratios established under its liquidity policies.  Continual monitoring of both historical and prospective ratios allows TrustCo to employ strategies necessary to maintain adequate liquidity.  Management has also defined various degrees of adverse liquidity situations which could potentially occur and has prepared appropriate contingency plans should such a situation arise.  As noted, the Company has a number of contingent funding alternatives available in addition to the large cash and cash equivalents position and the investment securities positions it maintains on its balance sheet.  As previously stated, the Bank is a member of the FHLBNY and is an eligible borrower at the FRBNY and has the ability to borrow utilizing securities and/or loans as collateral at either institution.  The Bank does not utilize brokered deposits as a part of its funding strategy, but does incorporate them as a contingent funding source within its Asset/Liability Management Policy.  Like other contingent funding sources, brokered deposits may be tested from time to time to ensure operational and market readiness.  Management believes that the Company has adequate sources of liquidity to cover its contractual obligations and commitments over the next twelve months and beyond.

The Company uses an industry standard external model as the primary tool to identify, quantify and project changes in interest rates and prepayment speeds taken both from industry sources and internally generated data based upon historical trends in the Bank’s balance sheet. Assumptions based on the historical behavior of deposit rates and balances in relation to changes in market interest rates are also incorporated into the model. This model calculates an economic or fair value amount with respect to non-time deposit categories since these deposits are part of the core deposit products of the Company. The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure the fair value of capital or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on the fair value of capital.

Using this model, the fair value of capital projections as of September 30, 2023 are referenced below. The base case (current rates) scenario shows the present estimate of the fair value of capital assuming no change in the operating environment or operating strategies and no change in interest rates from those existing in the marketplace as of September 30, 2023. The following table indicates the impact on the fair value of capital assuming interest rates were to instantaneously increase by 100 bp, 200 bp, 300 bp and 400 bp or to decrease by 100 bp, 200 bp, 300 bp and 400 bp.

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	Estimated Percentage of
	Fair value of Capital to
As of September 30, 2023	Fair value of Assets
+400 BP		22.10	%
+300 BP		22.60
+200 BP		24.10
+100 BP		25.60
Current rates		25.90
-100 BP		25.50
-200 BP		23.90
-300 BP		21.40
-400 BP		18.50

Noninterest Income

Total noninterest income for the third quarter of 2023 was $4.6 million compared to $4.4 million in the third quarter of 2022.  Financial Services income was up $192 thousand to $1.6 million in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily as a result of higher market values of assets under management.  The fair value of assets under management was $902 million at September 30, 2023, $918 million as of December 31, 2022, and $865 million at September 30, 2022.  Fees for services to customers were down $115 thousand over the same period in the prior year, primarily as a result of less interchange income.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 total noninterest income was $13.8 million, down $644 thousand compared to the prior year period.  The decrease is primarily the result of less interchange income, less Financial Services income and less other income.

Noninterest Expenses

Total noninterest expenses were $27.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $26.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.  Significant changes included a $259 thousand increase in salaries and employee benefits, a $391 thousand increase in equipment expense, a $342 thousand increase in professional services, a $392 increase in outsourced services, and a $305 thousand increase in FDIC and other insurance, partially offset by a $125 thousand decrease in net occupancy expense, and a $365 thousand decrease in other expenses. Full time equivalent headcount was 753 as of September 30, 2022, 750 as of December 31, 2022, and 764 as of September 30, 2023.  Changes in headcount represent normal fluctuations.

Total noninterest expenses were $82.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $73.9 million for the nine-months ended September 30, 2022.  Significant changes included an increase of $6.0 million in salaries and employee benefits primarily as a result of a $2 million favorable true-up to the incentive compensation accrual upon payout in the first quarter of 2022, increases in salaries in order to remain competitive, and a decrease in the benefit from returns on plan assets from the pension and post retirement plan.  Other significant changes were an increase in equipment expense of $971 thousand, an increase in professional services of $358 thousand, an increase in outsourced services of $399 thousand, an increase in FDIC and other insurance of $826 thousand, and an increase in other real estate expense, net, of $327 thousand partially offset by a decrease in other expenses of $222 thousand.

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Income Taxes

In the third quarter of 2023, TrustCo recognized income tax expense of $4.6 million compared to $6.4 million for the third quarter of 2022.  The effective tax rates were 23.7% and 24.8% for the third quarters of 2023 and 2022, respectively.  For the first nine months, income taxes were $15.9 million and $17.6 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate was 24.6% and 24.5% for 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Capital Resources

Consistent with its long-term goal of operating a sound and profitable financial organization, TrustCo strives to maintain strong capital ratios.

Banking regulators have moved towards higher required capital requirements due to the standards included in the “Basel III” banking capital reform measures and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as a general trend towards reducing risk in the banking system by providing a greater capital margin.

Total shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2023 was $623.9 million compared to $589.0 million at September 30, 2022. TrustCo declared a dividend of $0.36 per share in the third quarter of 2023.  This results in a dividend payout ratio of 46.65% based on third quarter 2023 earnings of $14.7 million.

The  capital rules, which are generally applicable to both the Company and the Bank, include several measures; specifically, a Tier 1 leverage ratio, a common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio, a tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and a total risk-based capital ratio. The rules also impose a capital conservation buffer that requires the Company and the Bank to maintain additional levels of Tier 1 common equity over the minimum risk-based capital levels before they may pay dividends, repurchase shares or pay discretionary bonuses.

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The Bank and the Company reported the following capital ratios as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

(Bank Only)									Minimum for
									Capital Adequacy plus
	As of September 30, 2023					Well			Capital Conservation
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Capitalized(1)			Buffer (1)(2)
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	634,460		10.452	%		5.000	%		4.000	%
Common equity tier 1 capital		634,460		18.395			6.500			7.000
Tier 1 risk-based capital		634,460		18.395			8.000			8.500
Total risk-based capital		677,649		19.647			10.000			10.500

									Minimum for
									Capital Adequacy plus
	As of December 31, 2022					Well			Capital Conservation
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Capitalized(1)			Buffer (1)(2)
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	609,998		10.116	%		5.000	%		4.000	%
Common equity tier 1 capital		609,998		18.431			6.500			7.000
Tier 1 risk-based capital		609,998		18.431			8.000			8.500
Total risk-based capital		651,462		19.684			10.000			10.500

(Consolidated)
						Minimum for
						Capital Adequacy plus
	As of September 30, 2023					Capital Conservation
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Buffer (1)(2)
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	654,879		10.785	%		4.000	%
Common equity tier 1 capital		654,879		18.982			7.000
Tier 1 risk-based capital		654,879		18.982			8.500
Total risk-based capital		698,079		20.234			10.500

						Minimum for
						Capital Adequacy plus
	As of December 31, 2022					Capital Conservation
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Buffer (1)(2)
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	626,628		10.390	%		4.000	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital		626,628		18.929			7.000
Tier 1 risk-based capital		626,628		18.929			8.500
Total risk-based capital		668,102		20.182			10.500

(1) Federal regulatory minimum requirements to be considered to be Well Capitalized and Adequately Capitalized

(2) The September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 common equity tier 1, tier 1 risk-based, and total risk-based capital ratios include a capital conservation buffer of 2.50 percent

In addition, at September 30, 2023, the consolidated equity to total assets ratio was 10.31%, compared to 10.00% at December 31, 2022 and 9.69% at September 30, 2022.

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As of September 30, 2023, the capital levels of both TrustCo and the Bank exceeded the minimum standards, including with the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer taken into account. Under the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency’s (“OCC”) “prompt corrective action” regulations, a bank is deemed to be “well capitalized” when its CET1, Tier 1, total risk-based and leverage capital ratios are at least 7%, 8.5%, 10.5% and 5%, respectively.  A bank is deemed to be “adequately capitalized” or better if its capital ratios meet or exceed the minimum federal regulatory capital requirements, and “undercapitalized” if it fails to meet these minimal capital requirements.  A bank is “significantly undercapitalized” if its CET1, Tier 1, total risk-based and leverage capital ratios fall below 3%, 4%, 6% and 3%, respectively and “critically undercapitalized” if the institution has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2%.  At September 30, 2023 and 2022, Trustco Bank met the definition of “well-capitalized.”

As noted, the Company’s dividend payout ratio was 46.65% of net income for the third quarter of 2023 and 34.57% of net income for the third quarter of 2022. The per-share dividend paid in the third quarter of 2023 and 2022 was $0.36 and $0.35, respectively.  The Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is dependent upon the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company. The payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company is subject to continued compliance with minimum regulatory capital requirements. The OCC may disapprove a dividend if the Bank would be undercapitalized following the distribution; the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation or agreement.

TrustCo maintains a dividend reinvestment plan (“DRP”) with approximately 6,771 participants. The DRP allows participants to reinvest dividends in shares of the Company. The DRP also allows for additional purchases by participants and has a discount feature (up to a 5% for safe harbor provisions) that can be activated by management as a tool to raise capital. To date, the discount feature has not been utilized.

Share Repurchase Program

On March 17, 2023 the Company’s Board of Directors authorized, and the Company announced, another share repurchase program of up to 200,000 shares, or approximately 1% of its currently outstanding common stock.  There were no repurchases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, income taxes and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.  Reference is made to the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Exhibit 13 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting policy given the measurement uncertainty and subjective judgement necessary in evaluating the levels of the allowance required to cover the life-time losses in the loan portfolio and the material effect that such judgments can have on the results of operations.

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TrustCo Bank Corp NY

Management's Discussion and Analysis

STATISTICAL DISCLOSURE

I. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:

INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL

The following table summarizes the component distribution of the average balance sheet, related interest income and expense and the average annualized yields on interest earning assets and annualized rates on interest bearing liabilities of TrustCo (adjusted for tax equivalency) for each of the reported periods. Nonaccrual loans are included in loans for this analysis. The average balances of securities available for sale and held to maturity are calculated using amortized costs for these securities.  Included in the average balance of shareholders' equity is the unrealized loss, net of tax, in the available for sale portfolio of $$33.1 million in 2023 and $25.4 million in 2022.  The subtotals contained in the following table are the arithmetic totals of the items contained in that category.  Increases and decreases in interest income and expense due to both rate and volume have been allocated to the categories of variances (volume and rate) based on the percentage relationship of such variances to each other.

	Three months ended									Three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023									September 30, 2022
	Average			Interest			Average			Average			Interest		Average			Change in			Variance			Variance
	Balance						Rate			Balance					Rate			Interest			Balance			Rate
																		Income/			Change			Change
Assets																		Expense
Securities available for sale:
U. S. government sponsored enterprises	$	119,406		$	672			2.25	%	$	104,633		$	479		1.83	%	$	193		$	73		$	120
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations residential		269,535			1,485			2.19	%		302,886			1,617		2.13	%		(132	)		(408	)		276
State and political subdivisions		34			-			6.74	%		41			1		8.12	%		(1	)		(1	)		-
Corporate bonds		80,331			473			2.36	%		86,965			526		2.42	%		(53	)		(40	)		(13	)
Small Business Administration-guaranteed  participation securities		19,801			107			2.15	%		25,533			133		2.08	%		(26	)		(57	)		31
Other		686			2			1.17	%		686			3		1.75	%		(1	)		-			(1	)
Total securities available for sale		489,793			2,739			2.24	%		520,744			2,759		2.12	%		(20	)		(433	)		413
Federal funds sold and other short-term Investments		494,597			6,688			5.37	%		918,909			5,221		2.25	%		1,467			(13,966	)		15,433
Held to maturity securities:
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential		6,877			73			4.22	%		8,306			85		4.08	%		(12	)		(30	)		18
Total held to maturity securities		6,877			73			4.22	%		8,306			85		4.08	%		(12	)		(30	)		18
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock		6,203			131			8.45	%		5,797			80		5.52	%		51			6			45
Commercial loans		261,061			3,398			5.21	%		207,477			2,484		4.79	%		914			684			230
Residential mortgage loans		4,325,219			39,321			3.64	%		4,105,859			35,342		3.44	%		3,979			1,940			2,039
Home equity lines of credit		320,446			4,946			6.12	%		261,575			2,896		4.39	%		2,050			745			1,305
Installment loans		15,959			256			6.37	%		10,213			174		6.75	%		82			145			(63	)
Loans, net of unearned income		4,922,685			47,921			3.89	%		4,585,124			40,896		3.57	%		7,025			3,514			3,511
Total interest earning assets		5,920,155			57,552			3.88	%		6,038,880			49,041		3.24	%		8,511			(10,909	)		19,420
Allowance for credit losses on loans		(47,077	)								(45,519	)
Cash & non-interest earning assets		172,523									188,672
						��
Total assets	$	6,045,601								$	6,182,033
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Deposits:
Interest bearing checking accounts		1,050,313			102			0.04	%	$	1,195,370		$	43		0.01	%		59			(35	)		94
Money market accounts		625,031			2,384			1.51	%		744,868			237		0.13	%		2,147			(267	)		2,414
Savings		1,282,641			639			0.20	%		1,579,513			200		0.05	%		439			(253	)		692
Time deposits		1,494,402			11,962			3.18	%		981,704			646		0.26	%		11,316			505			10,811
Total interest bearing deposits		4,452,387			15,087			1.34	%		4,501,455			1,126		0.10	%		13,961			(50	)		14,011
Short-term borrowings		110,018			244			0.88	%		138,105			122		0.35	%		122			(158	)		280
Total interest bearing liabilities		4,562,405			15,331			1.33	%		4,639,560			1,248		0.11	%		14,083			(208	)		14,291
Demand deposits		776,885									859,122
Other liabilities		81,411									82,290
Shareholders' equity		624,900									601,061
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	6,045,601								$	6,182,033
Net interest income, tax equivalent					42,221									47,793				$	(5,572	)	$	(10,701	)	$	5,129
Net interest spread								2.55	%							3.13	%
Net interest margin (net interest income to total interest earning assets)								2.85	%							3.16	%
Tax equivalent adjustment					-									-
Net interest income				$	42,221								$	47,793

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TrustCo Bank Corp NY

Management's Discussion and Analysis

STATISTICAL DISCLOSURE

I. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:

INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL

The following table summarizes the component distribution of the average balance sheet, related interest income and expense and the average annualized yields on interest earning assets and annualized rates on interest bearing liabilities of TrustCo (adjusted for tax equivalency) for each of the reported periods. Nonaccrual loans are included in loans for this analysis. The average balances of securities available for sale and held to maturity are calculated using amortized costs for these securities.  Included in the average balance of shareholders' equity is the unrealized loss, net of tax, in the available for sale portfolio of $30.9 million in 2023 and $17.9 million in 2022.  The subtotals contained in the following table are the arithmetic totals of the items contained in that category.  Increases and decreases in interest income and expense due to both rate and volume have been allocated to the categories of variances (volume and rate) based on the percentage relationship of such variances to each other.

	Nine months ended								Nine months ended
(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023								September 30, 2022
	Average			Interest		Average			Average			Interest		Average			Change in			Variance			Variance
	Balance					Rate			Balance					Rate			Interest			Balance			Rate
																	Income/			Change			Change
Assets																	Expense
Securities available for sale:
U. S. government sponsored enterprises	$	120,243		$	2,055		2.28	%	$	79,423		$	712		1.19	%	$	1,343		$	483		$	860
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential		278,252			4,613		2.21	%		282,423			4,071		1.92	%		542			(98	)		640
State and political subdivisions		34			1		6.74	%		41			2		6.73	%		(1	)		(1	)		-
Corporate bonds		83,732			1,510		2.41	%		75,957			1,281		2.25	%		229			135			94
Small Business Administration-guaranteed  participation securities		20,876			335		2.14	%		27,623			427		2.06	%		(92	)		(118	)		26
Other		686			7		1.02	%		686			7		2.04	%		-			-			-
Total securities available for sale		503,823			8,521		1.69	%		466,153			6,500		2.79	%		2,021			401			1,620
Federal funds sold and other short-term Investments		540,570			20,213		5.00	%		1,068,217			8,046		1.01	%		12,167			(8,121	)		20,288
Held to maturity securities:
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential		7,205			226		4.18	%		8,897			262		3.93	%		(36	)		(60	)		24
Total held to maturity securities		7,205			226		4.18	%		8,897			262		3.93	%		(36	)		(60	)		24
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock		5,957			351		5.89	%		5,734			207		7.22	%		144			52			92
Commercial loans		249,738			9,716		5.19	%		200,525			7,412		4.93	%		2,304			1,900			404
Residential mortgage loans		4,269,494			114,227		3.57	%		4,054,657			104,310		3.43	%		9,917			5,629			4,288
Home equity lines of credit		305,075			13,598		5.96	%		246,026			7,289		3.96	%		6,309			2,033			4,276
Installment loans		15,015			714		6.35	%		9,507			492		6.91	%		222			288			(66	)
Loans, net of unearned income		4,839,322			138,255		3.81	%		4,510,715			119,503		3.53	%		18,752			9,850			8,902
Total interest earning assets		5,896,877			167,566		3.79	%		6,059,716			134,518		2.96	%		33,048			2,122			30,926
Allowance for credit losses on loans		(46,812	)							(46,225	)
Cash & non-interest earning assets		173,523								196,333
Total assets	$	6,023,588							$	6,209,824
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Deposits:
Interest bearing checking accounts	$	1,088,859			217		0.03	%	$	1,199,154			129		0.01	%		88			(16	)		104
Money market accounts		613,119			4,954		1.08	%		771,301			661		0.11	%		4,293			(243	)		4,536
Savings		1,363,052			1,824		0.18	%		1,557,503			519		0.04	%		1,305			(105	)		1,410
Time deposits		1,343,762			26,525		2.64	%		971,539			1,728		0.24	%		24,797			915			23,882
Total interest bearing deposits		4,408,792			33,520		1.02	%		4,499,497			3,037		0.09	%		30,483			551			29,932
Short-term borrowings		121,911			808		0.89	%		194,228			532		0.37	%		276			(364	)		640
Total interest bearing liabilities		4,530,703			34,328		1.01	%		4,693,725			3,569		0.10	%		30,759			187			30,572
Demand deposits		793,890								836,953
Other liabilities		81,771								81,780
Shareholders' equity		617,224								597,366
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	6,023,588							$	6,209,824
Net interest income , tax equivalent					133,238								130,949				$	2,289		$	1,935		$	354
Net interest spread							2.78	%							2.86	%
Net interest margin (net interest income to total interest earning assets)							3.01	%							2.88	%
Tax equivalent adjustment					-								-
Net interest income				$	133,238							$	130,949

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The information presented in the "Liquidity and Interest Rate Sensitivity" section of Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

As detailed in the Annual Report to Shareholders as of December 31, 2022, the Company is subject to interest rate risk as its principal market risk.  As noted in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the three-month and nine-month month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company continues to respond to changes in interest rates in such a way that positions the Company to meet short term earning goals and also allows the Company to respond to changes in interest rates in the future.  Consequently, for the third quarter of 2023, the Company had an average balance of Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments of $494.6 million compared to $918.9 million in the third quarter of 2022.  As investment opportunities present themselves, management plans to invest funds from the Federal Funds sold and other short-term investment portfolio into the securities available for sale, securities held to maturity and loan portfolios.  TrustCo does not engage in activities involving interest rate swaps, forward placement contracts, or any other instruments commonly referred to as “derivatives.”  Additional disclosure of interest rate risk can be found under “Liquidity and Interest Rate Sensitivity” and “Asset/Liability Management” in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section of this document.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.  An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based upon this evaluation of those disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company concluded, as of the end of the period covered by this report, that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files and submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.

In designing and evaluating the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.  Further, no evaluation of a cost-effective system of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, will be detected.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The nature of TrustCo’s business generates a certain amount of litigation against TrustCo and its subsidiaries involving matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management of TrustCo, there are no proceedings pending to which TrustCo or any of its subsidiaries is a party, or of which its property is the subject which, if determined adversely to TrustCo or such subsidiaries, would be material in relation to TrustCo’s consolidated shareholders’ equity and financial condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in the Company involves risks, including the risks discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K, which risk factors have not materially changed except as set forth below. The risk factors below supersede the similarly captioned risk factors set forth in the 2022 Form 10-K and supplement the other risk factors in the 2022 Form 10-K. The risk factors below reflect modifications to the nature of the risks that have developed since the date on which the 2022 Form 10-K was filed.

Instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The macroeconomic environment in the United States is susceptible to global events and volatility in financial markets. The stock and credit markets have been experiencing significant variations in volatility levels in recent years. In some cases, the markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices and credit availability for certain issuers without regard to those issuers’ underlying financial strength. Current volatility levels have diminished significantly from the peak, but a return to higher levels could cause the Company to experience an adverse effect, which may be material, on our ability to access capital and on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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Additionally, ongoing military conflicts (such as the conflicts in Ukraine and in Israel and its surrounding areas) has lead, and could continue to lead, to significant market and other disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices and supply of energy resources, instability in financial markets, supply chain interruptions, political and social instability, changes in consumer or purchaser preferences as well as increase in cyberattacks and espionage.  In addition, global demand for products continues to exceed supply during the economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, creating inflationary pressures which, in turn, may adversely impact consumer and business confidence, and adversely affect the economy as well as our financial condition and results. Furthermore, trade negotiations between the U.S. and other nations remain uncertain and could adversely impact economic and market conditions for the Company, our customers, and counterparties.

Actions taken by the Federal Reserve Board, including changes in its target funds rate, balance sheet management and lending facilities are beyond our control and difficult to predict. These actions can affect interest rates and the value of financial instruments and other assets and liabilities and can impact our borrowers. Sudden changes in monetary policy, for example, in response to high inflation, have led and may in the future lead to financial market volatility, increases in market interest rates and a continued flattening or inversion of the yield curve. Higher inflation, or volatility and uncertainty related to inflation, could reduce demand for our products, adversely affect the creditworthiness of our borrowers or result in lower values for our investment securities and other interest-earning assets.

Any downgrade in the credit rating of the U.S. government or default by the U.S. government as a result of political conflicts over legislation to raise the U.S. government’s debt limit may have a material adverse effect on us.

Recent federal budget deficit concerns and political conflict over legislation to raise the U.S. government’s debt limit have increased the possibility of a default by the U.S. government on its debt obligations, related credit-rating downgrades, or an economic recession in the United States. Many of our investment securities are issued by the U.S. government, including certain government agencies and sponsored entities. As a result of uncertain domestic political conditions, including the possibility of the federal government defaulting on its obligations for a period of time due to debt ceiling limitations or other unresolved political issues, investments in financial instruments issued or guaranteed by the federal government may pose liquidity risks. In connection with prior political disputes over U.S. fiscal and budgetary issues leading to the U.S. government shutdown in 2011, Standard & Poor’s lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. from AAA to AA+. On August 1, 2023, Fitch Ratings also downgraded its U.S. long-term sovereign credit rating from AAA to AA+. A downgrade, or a similar action by other rating agencies, in response to current political dynamics, as well as sovereign debt issues facing the governments of other countries, could generally have a material adverse impact on financial markets and economic conditions in the U.S. and worldwide and, therefore, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.

Recent events relating to the failures of certain banking entities in March and April 2023, including Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, Silvergate Capital Corp., First Republic Bank, and Credit Suisse, has caused general uncertainty and concern regarding the liquidity adequacy of the banking sector as a whole. Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, or other relationships. We have exposure to many different counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, banks, investment banks, mutual funds, and other institutional entities. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, have led to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or by other institutions. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty or client. Any such losses could be material and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.  In addition, in May 2023, the FDIC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking which would implement a special assessment on banks with total assets greater than $5.0 billion to recover the cost associated with protecting uninsured depositors following the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.  We anticipate increased regulatory scrutiny and new regulations directed towards regional banks similar in size to us, designed to address the recent negative developments in the banking industry, all of which may increase our costs of doing business and reduce our profitability.

Any government shutdown could adversely affect the U.S. and global economy and our liquidity, financial condition and earnings.

Disagreement over the federal budget has previously caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time. An extended period of shutdown of portions of the U.S. federal government could negatively impact the financial performance of certain customers and could negatively impact customers’ future access to certain loan and guaranty programs. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in interest rates, including recent and possible future increases fueled by inflation, may significantly impact our financial condition and results of operations

Like other financial institutions, we are subject to interest rate risk. Our primary source of income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on loans and investments, and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. The level of net interest income is primarily a function of the average balance of our interest-earning assets, the average balance of our interest-bearing liabilities, and the spread between the yield on such assets and the cost of such liabilities. These factors are influenced by both the pricing and mix of our interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by such external factors as the local economy, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the Federal Open Market Committee of the FRB (the “FOMC”), and market interest rates.

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Over any specific period of time, our interest-earning assets may be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest-bearing liabilities, or vice-versa. In addition, the individual market interest rates underlying our loan and deposit products may not change to the same degree over a given time period. In any event, if market interest rates should move contrary to our position, earnings may be negatively affected.  Commencing in March 2022, the FOMC increased the target range for the Federal Funds rate seven times in 2022 and four times in 2023 by a total of 525 basis points, to a range of 5.25% to 5.50% as of September 30, 2023.  All of these increases were expressly made in response to inflationary pressures, which are currently expected to continue. In its September and October 2023 “Beige Books”, the FRB noted that overall economic growth was modest during July and August and that there has been little to no change in overall economic activity since then. Regional banks continued to report ongoing declines in loan demand, tighter credit conditions, and narrowing loan spreads. Furthermore, while most banks reported higher deposit rates, delinquency rates edged up. In addition, inflationary pressures moderated somewhat but remained widespread while conditions in the broad finance sector weakened slightly during the last reporting period.

There can be no assurances as to any future FOMC conduct. If the FOMC further increases the targeted Federal Funds rates, overall interest rates likely will rise, which will positively impact our interest income but may further negatively impact the entire national economy, including the housing industry in the markets we serve, by reducing refinancing activity and new home purchases. In addition, deflationary pressures, while possibly lowering our operational costs, could have a significant negative effect on our borrowers and the values of collateral securing loans, which could negatively affect our financial performance. A significant portion of our loans have fixed interest rates (or, if adjustable, are initially fixed for periods of five to 10 years) and longer terms than our deposits and borrowings. Our net interest income could be adversely affected if the rates we pay on deposits and borrowings increase more rapidly than the rates we earn on loans.

We also are subject to reinvestment risk associated with changes in interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect the average life of loans and mortgage-related securities. Increases in interest rates may decrease loan demand and/or may make it more difficult for borrowers to repay adjustable rate loans. Decreases in interest rates often result in increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities, as borrowers refinance their loans to reduce borrowing costs. Under these circumstances, we are subject to reinvestment risk to the extent that we are unable to reinvest the cash received from such prepayments in loans or other investments that have interest rates that are comparable to the interest rates on existing loans and securities. Conversely, increases in interest rates often result in slowed prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities, reducing cash flows and reinvestment opportunities.

Changes in interest rates also affect the value of the Bank’s interest-earning assets, and in particular the Bank’s securities portfolio. Generally, the value of fixed-rate securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates. Unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale are reported as a separate component of equity, net of tax. Decreases in the fair value of securities available for sale resulting from increases in interest rates could have an adverse effect on shareholders’ equity.

Inflationary pressures and rising prices may affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Inflation rose sharply at the end of 2021 and has remained at an elevated level through 2022 and 2023.  Small to medium-sized businesses may be impacted more during periods of high inflation as they are not able to leverage economics of scale to mitigate cost pressures compared to larger businesses. Consequently, the ability of our business customers to repay their loans may deteriorate, and in some cases this deterioration may occur quickly, which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, a prolonged period of inflation could cause wages and other costs to the Company to increase, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Share Repurchase Program

The following table provides certain information with respect to the Company’s purchases of its common shares during the three months ended September 30, 2023:

Period	Total numbers of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs		Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (1)
July 1, 2023 through July 31, 2023		-	$	-		-		200,000
August 1, 2023 through August 31, 2023		-		-		-		200,000
September 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023		-		-		-		200,000
Total		-	$	-		-		200,000

(1) On March 17, 2023 the Company’s Board of Directors authorized, and the Company announced, another share repurchase program of up to 200,000 shares, or approximately 1% of its currently outstanding common stock.  There were no repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

(a) None.

(b) None.

(c) During the period covered by this report, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (each as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).

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Item 6. Exhibits

Reg S-K (Item 601)

Exhibit No.	Description
3(a)	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TrustCo Bank Corp NY, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 5, 2021.
3(b)	Amended and Restated Bylaws of TrustCo Bank Corp NY, effective October 17, 2023, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 17, 2023.
15	Crowe LLP Letter Regarding Unaudited Interim Financial Information
31(a)	Rule 13a-15(e)/15d-15(e) Certification of Robert J. McCormick, principal executive officer.
31(b)	Rule 13a-15(e)/15d-15(e) Certification of Michael M. Ozimek, principal financial officer.
32	Section 1350 Certifications of Robert J. McCormick, principal executive officer and Michael M. Ozimek, principal financial officer.
101	Sections of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language), submitted in the following files:
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	TrustCo Bank Corp NY
	By: /s/ Robert J. McCormick
	Robert J. McCormick
	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
	By: /s/ Michael M. Ozimek
	Michael M. Ozimek
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Date:  November 8, 2023

78