Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | NOTE 5 Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The composition of the loan portfolio at December 31, by class and underlying specific portfolio type, was as follows: (Dollars in Millions) 2024 2023 Commercial Commercial $ 135,254 $ 127,676 Lease financing 4,230 4,205 Total commercial 139,484 131,881 Commercial Real Estate Commercial mortgages 38,619 41,934 Construction and development 10,240 11,521 Total commercial real estate 48,859 53,455 Residential Mortgages Residential mortgages 112,806 108,605 Home equity loans, first liens 6,007 6,925 Total residential mortgages 118,813 115,530 Credit Card 30,350 28,560 Other Retail Retail leasing 4,040 4,135 Home equity and second mortgages 13,565 13,056 Revolving credit 3,747 3,668 Installment 14,373 13,889 Automobile 6,601 9,661 Total other retail 42,326 44,409 Total loans $ 379,832 $ 373,835 Th e Company had loans of $127.6 billion at December 31, 2024, and $123.1 billion at December 31, 2023, pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and loans of $85.1 billion at December 31, 2024, and $82.8 billion at December 31, 2023, pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank. The Company offers a broad array of lending products to consumer and commercial customers, in various industries, across several geographical locations, predominately in the states in which it has Consumer and Business Banking offices. Collateral for commercial and commercial real estate loans may include marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, real estate, or the related property. Originated loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest and deferred fees and costs, and any partial charge-offs recorded. Purchased loans are recorded at fair value at the date of purchase. Net unearned interest and deferred fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums and discounts on purchased loans amounted to $2.5 billion at December 31, 2024 and $2.7 billion at December 31, 2023. The Company evaluates purchased loans for more-than-insignificant deterioration at the date of purchase in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Purchased loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration from origination are considered purchased credit deteriorated loans. All other purchased loans are considered non-purchased credit deteriorated loans. Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan and lease portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. The allowance considers expected losses for the remaining lives of the applicable assets, inclusive of expected recoveries. The allowance for credit losses is increased through provisions charged to earnings and reduced by net charge-offs. Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class was as follows: (Dollars in Millions) Commercial Commercial Real Estate Residential Mortgages Credit Other Total Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 2,119 $ 1,620 $ 827 $ 2,403 $ 870 $ 7,839 Add Provision for credit losses 608 53 (53) 1,464 166 2,238 Deduct Loans charged-off 652 229 13 1,406 313 2,613 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (100) (64) (22) (179) (96) (461) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 552 165 (9) 1,227 217 2,152 Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 2,175 $ 1,508 $ 783 $ 2,640 $ 819 $ 7,925 Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 2,163 $ 1,325 $ 926 $ 2,020 $ 970 $ 7,404 Add Change in accounting principle (a) — — (31) (27) (4) (62) Allowance for acquired credit losses (b) — 127 — — — 127 Provision for credit losses 270 431 41 1,259 274 2,275 Deduct Loans charged-off 389 281 129 1,014 478 2,291 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (75) (18) (20) (165) (108) (386) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 314 263 109 849 370 1,905 Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 2,119 $ 1,620 $ 827 $ 2,403 $ 870 $ 7,839 Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 1,849 $ 1,123 $ 565 $ 1,673 $ 945 $ 6,155 Add Allowance for acquired credit losses (b) 163 87 36 45 5 336 Provision for credit losses (c) 378 152 302 826 319 1,977 Deduct Loans charged-off (d) 319 54 13 696 418 1,500 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (92) (17) (36) (172) (120) (437) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 227 37 (23) 524 298 1,063 Other Changes — — — — (1) (1) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 2,163 $ 1,325 $ 926 $ 2,020 $ 970 $ 7,404 (a) Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted accounting guidance which removed the separate recognition and measurement of troubled debt restructurings. (b) Represents allowance for credit deteriorated and charged-off loans acquired from MUB. (c) Includes $662 million of provision for credit losses related to the acquisition of MUB. (d) Includes $179 million of total charge-offs primarily on loans previously charged-off by MUB, which were written up upon acquisition to unpaid principal balance as required by purchase accounting. The increase in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by loan portfolio growth. The following table provides a summary of loans charged-off by portfolio class and year of origination for the years ended December 31: (Dollars in Millions) Commercial Commercial Real Estate (a) Residential Mortgages (b) Credit Card (c) Other Retail (d) Total Loans 2024 Originated in 2024 $ 30 $ 117 $ — $ — $ 13 $ 160 Originated in 2023 84 51 — — 47 182 Originated in 2022 178 55 3 — 52 288 Originated in 2021 32 1 — — 40 73 Originated in 2020 12 1 — — 21 34 Originated prior to 2020 41 4 10 — 35 90 Revolving 275 — — 1,406 105 1,786 Total charge-offs $ 652 $ 229 $ 13 $ 1,406 $ 313 $ 2,613 2023 Originated in 2023 $ 48 $ 63 $ — $ — $ 57 $ 168 Originated in 2022 63 88 1 — 130 282 Originated in 2021 30 69 6 — 83 188 Originated in 2020 17 2 8 — 38 65 Originated in 2019 15 3 16 — 31 65 Originated prior to 2019 53 56 98 — 31 238 Revolving 163 — — 1,014 80 1,257 Revolving converted to term — — — — 28 28 Total charge-offs $ 389 $ 281 $ 129 $ 1,014 $ 478 $ 2,291 Note: Year of origination is based on the origination date of a loan, or for existing loans the date when the maturity date, pricing or commitment amount is amended. Predominantly all current year and near term loan origination years for gross charge-offs relate to existing loans that have had recent maturity date, pricing or commitment amount amendments. (a) Includes $91 million of 2023 charge-offs related to uncollectible amounts on acquired loans. (b) Includes $117 million of 2023 charge-offs related to balance sheet repositioning and capital management actions. (c) Predominantly all credit card loans are considered revolving loans. Includes an immaterial amount of charge-offs related to revolving converted to term loans. (d) Includes $192 million of 2023 charge-offs related to balance sheet repositioning and capital management actions. Credit Quality The credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolios is assessed as a function of net credit losses, levels of nonperforming assets and delinquencies, and credit quality ratings as defined by the Company. These credit quality ratings are an important part of the Company’s overall credit risk management process and evaluation of the allowance for credit losses. The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class, including the delinquency status of those that continue to accrue interest, and those that are nonperforming: Accruing (Dollars in Millions) Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Nonperforming (b) Total December 31, 2024 Commercial $ 138,362 $ 356 $ 96 $ 670 $ 139,484 Commercial real estate 47,948 78 9 824 48,859 Residential mortgages (a) 118,267 188 206 152 118,813 Credit card 29,487 428 435 — 30,350 Other retail 41,886 229 64 147 42,326 Total loans $ 375,950 $ 1,279 $ 810 $ 1,793 $ 379,832 December 31, 2023 Commercial $ 130,925 $ 464 $ 116 $ 376 $ 131,881 Commercial real estate 52,619 55 4 777 53,455 Residential mortgages (a) 115,067 169 136 158 115,530 Credit card 27,779 406 375 — 28,560 Other retail 43,926 278 67 138 44,409 Total loans $ 370,316 $ 1,372 $ 698 $ 1,449 $ 373,835 (a) At December 31, 2024, $660 million of loans 30–89 days past due and $2.3 billion of loans 90 days or more past due purchased and that could be purchased from GNMA mortgage pools under delinquent loan repurchase options whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, were classified as current, compared with $595 million and $2.0 billion at December 31, 2023, respectively. (b) Substantially all nonperforming loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023, had an associated allowance for credit losses. The Company recognized interest income on nonperforming loans of $29 million and $22 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, compared to what would have been recognized at the original contractual terms of the loans of $66 million and $49 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024, total nonperforming assets held by the Company were $1.8 billion, compared with $1.5 billion at December 31, 2023. Total nonperforming assets included $1.8 billion of nonperforming loans, $21 million of OREO and $18 million of other nonperforming assets owned by the Company at December 31, 2024, compared with $1.4 billion, $26 million and $19 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate held by the Company, and included in OREO, was $21 million, compared with $26 million at December 31, 2023. These amounts excluded $46 million and $47 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate related to mortgage loans whose payments are primarily insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. In addition, the amount of residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was $576 million and $728 million, respectively, of which $354 million and $487 million, respectively, related to loans purchased and that could be purchased from GNMA mortgage pools under delinquent loan repurchase options whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class and the Company’s internal credit quality rating: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Criticized Criticized (Dollars in Millions) Pass Special Mention Classified (a) Total Criticized Total Pass Special Mention Classified (a) Total Criticized Total Commercial Originated in 2024 $ 57,578 $ 503 $ 1,034 $ 1,537 $ 59,115 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Originated in 2023 19,128 173 564 737 19,865 43,023 827 856 1,683 44,706 Originated in 2022 19,718 231 370 601 20,319 40,076 274 632 906 40,982 Originated in 2021 4,677 60 92 152 4,829 9,219 117 154 271 9,490 Originated in 2020 2,737 68 68 136 2,873 3,169 92 71 163 3,332 Originated prior to 2020 4,075 8 75 83 4,158 5,303 30 209 239 5,542 Revolving (b) 27,344 169 812 981 28,325 26,213 362 1,254 1,616 27,829 Total commercial 135,257 1,212 3,015 4,227 139,484 127,003 1,702 3,176 4,878 131,881 Commercial real estate Originated in 2024 9,652 261 1,772 2,033 11,685 — — — — — Originated in 2023 5,213 42 760 802 6,015 8,848 465 2,206 2,671 11,519 Originated in 2022 9,047 661 913 1,574 10,621 11,831 382 1,141 1,523 13,354 Originated in 2021 6,515 100 196 296 6,811 9,235 500 385 885 10,120 Originated in 2020 2,954 29 137 166 3,120 3,797 51 87 138 3,935 Originated prior to 2020 7,868 119 471 590 8,458 10,759 458 619 1,077 11,836 Revolving 2,078 — 68 68 2,146 2,613 6 70 76 2,689 Revolving converted to term 3 — — — 3 2 — — — 2 Total commercial real estate 43,330 1,212 4,317 5,529 48,859 47,085 1,862 4,508 6,370 53,455 Residential mortgages (c) Originated in 2024 10,291 — — — 10,291 — — — — — Originated in 2023 8,764 — 11 11 8,775 9,734 — 5 5 9,739 Originated in 2022 28,484 — 43 43 28,527 29,146 — 17 17 29,163 Originated in 2021 34,694 — 35 35 34,729 36,365 — 16 16 36,381 Originated in 2020 13,748 — 16 16 13,764 14,773 — 9 9 14,782 Originated prior to 2020 22,463 — 264 264 22,727 25,202 — 262 262 25,464 Revolving — — — — — 1 — — — 1 Total residential mortgages 118,444 — 369 369 118,813 115,221 — 309 309 115,530 Credit card (d) 29,915 — 435 435 30,350 28,185 — 375 375 28,560 Other retail Originated in 2024 7,398 — 3 3 7,401 — — — — — Originated in 2023 3,966 — 9 9 3,975 5,184 — 4 4 5,188 Originated in 2022 4,085 — 11 11 4,096 5,607 — 12 12 5,619 Originated in 2021 6,537 — 14 14 6,551 10,398 — 15 15 10,413 Originated in 2020 2,715 — 6 6 2,721 4,541 — 9 9 4,550 Originated prior to 2020 2,828 — 15 15 2,843 4,008 — 20 20 4,028 Revolving 13,846 — 120 120 13,966 13,720 — 104 104 13,824 Revolving converted to term 731 — 42 42 773 735 — 52 52 787 Total other retail 42,106 — 220 220 42,326 44,193 — 216 216 44,409 Total loans $ 369,052 $ 2,424 $ 8,356 $ 10,780 $ 379,832 $ 361,687 $ 3,564 $ 8,584 $ 12,148 $ 373,835 Total outstanding commitments $ 778,155 $ 3,875 $ 10,441 $ 14,316 $ 792,471 $ 762,869 $ 5,053 $ 10,470 $ 15,523 $ 778,392 Note: Year of origination is based on the origination date of a loan, or for existing loans the date when the maturity date, pricing or commitment amount is amended. Predominantly all current year and nearer term loan origination years for criticized loans relate to existing loans that have had recent maturity date, pricing or commitment amount amendments. (a) Classified rating on consumer loans primarily based on delinquency status. (b) Includes an immaterial amount of revolving converted to term loans. (c) At December 31, 2024, $2.3 billion of GNMA loans 90 days or more past due and $1.4 billion of modified GNMA loans whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs were classified with a pass rating, compared with $2.0 billion and $1.2 billion at December 31, 2023, respectively. (d) Predominately all credit card loans are considered revolving loans. Includes an immaterial amount of revolving converted to term loans. Loan Modifications In certain circumstances, the Company may modify the terms of a loan to maximize the collection of amounts due when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties or is expected to experience difficulties in the near-term. The following table provides a summary of period-end balances of loans modified during the periods presented, by portfolio class and modification granted: Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in Millions) Interest Rate Reduction Payment Delay Term Extension Multiple Modifications (a) Total Modifications Percent of Class Total 2024 Commercial $ 77 $ 2 $ 526 $ — $ 605 .4 % Commercial real estate 43 — 1,107 70 1,220 2.5 Residential mortgages (b) — 79 17 23 119 .1 Credit card 414 11 — — 425 1.4 Other retail 7 3 125 4 139 .3 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 541 95 1,775 97 2,508 .7 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools (b) 1 1,215 292 407 1,915 1.6 Total loans $ 542 $ 1,310 $ 2,067 $ 504 $ 4,423 1.2 % 2023 Commercial $ 46 $ — $ 286 $ 33 $ 365 .3 % Commercial real estate — — 645 72 717 1.3 Residential mortgages (b) — 234 26 20 280 .2 Credit card 349 1 — — 350 1.2 Other retail 7 21 144 3 175 .4 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 402 256 1,101 128 1,887 .5 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools (b) — 1,263 255 321 1,839 1.6 Total loans $ 402 $ 1,519 $ 1,356 $ 449 $ 3,726 1.0 % (a) Includes $310 million of total loans receiving a payment delay and term extension, $155 million of total loans receiving an interest rate reduction and term extension and $39 million of total loans receiving an interest rate reduction, payment delay and term extension for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $329 million, $112 million and $8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. (b) Percent of class total amounts expressed as a percent of total residential mortgage loan balances. Loan modifications included in the table above exclude trial period arrangements offered to customers and secured loans to consumer borrowers that have had debt discharged through bankruptcy where the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt during the periods presented. At December 31, 2024, the balance of loans modified in trial period arrangements was $189 million, while the balance of secured loans to consumer borrowers that have had debt discharged through bankruptcy was not material. The following table summarizes the effects of loan modifications made to borrowers on loans modified: Year Ended December 31 Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Months of Term Extension 2024 Commercial (a) 20.3 % 11 Commercial real estate 3.2 13 Residential mortgages 1.1 90 Credit card 16.4 — Other retail 7.7 5 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools .6 110 2023 Commercial (a) 13.0 12 Commercial real estate 3.5 11 Residential mortgages 1.2 98 Credit card 15.4 — Other retail 7.9 4 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools .6 103 Note: The weighted-average payment deferral for all portfolio classes was less than $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Forbearance payments are required to be paid at the end of the original term loan. (a) The weighted-average interest rate reduction was primarily driven by commercial cards. Loans that receive a forbearance plan generally remain in default until they are no longer delinquent as the result of the payment of all past due amounts or the borrower receiving a term extension or modification. Therefore, loans only receiving forbearance plans are not included in the table below. The following table provides a summary of loan balances as of December 31, which were modified during the prior twelve months, by portfolio class and delinquency status: (Dollars in Millions) Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total 2024 Commercial $ 395 $ 26 $ 167 $ 588 Commercial real estate 875 26 319 1,220 Residential mortgages (a) 1,469 4 6 1,479 Credit card 302 73 39 414 Other retail 112 19 6 137 Total loans $ 3,153 $ 148 $ 537 $ 3,838 2023 Commercial $ 255 $ 12 $ 98 $ 365 Commercial real estate 524 — 193 717 Residential mortgages (a) 1,385 24 16 1,425 Credit card 251 67 32 350 Other retail 133 21 8 162 Total loans $ 2,548 $ 124 $ 347 $ 3,019 (a) At December 31, 2024, $442 million of loans 30-89 days past due and $324 million of loans 90 days or more past due purchased and that could be purchased from GNMA mortgage pools under delinquent loan repurchase options whose payments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, were classified as current, compared with $372 million and $175 million at December 31, 2023, respectively. The following table provides a summary of loans that defaulted (fully or partially charged-off or became 90 days or more past due) that were modified within twelve months prior to default. Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in Millions) Interest Rate Reduction Payment Delay Term Extension Multiple Modifications (a) 2024 Commercial $ 30 $ — $ 45 $ — Commercial real estate 43 — 137 — Residential mortgages — 3 — 3 Credit card 128 — — — Other retail 2 — 20 — Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 203 3 202 3 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 1 168 78 89 Total loans $ 204 $ 171 $ 280 $ 92 (a) Includes $81 million of total loans receiving a payment delay and term extension, $8 million of total loans receiving an interest rate reduction and term extension and $3 million of total loans receiving an interest rate reduction, payment delay and term extension. The following table provides a summary of loans that defaulted (fully or partially charged-off or became 90 days or more past due) that were modified on or after January 1, 2023, the date the Company adopted accounting guidance which removed the separate recognition and measurement of troubled debt restructurings, through December 31, 2023: Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in Millions) Interest Rate Reduction Payment Delay Term Extension Multiple Modifications (a) 2023 Commercial $ 7 $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate — — 1 — Residential mortgages — 8 2 1 Credit card 35 — — — Other retail 1 1 11 — Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 43 9 14 1 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools — 67 30 37 Total loans $ 43 $ 76 $ 44 $ 38 (a) Represents loans receiving a payment delay and term extension. |