Exhibit E.1
Access, Offloading and Storage Specifications
Site Access Roads:
1.
On-site Access Roads shall be 16 feet wide with additional 3-foot compacted shoulders on each side (for a total width including the shoulders of 22 feet) and shall have a minimum inside turning radius of 130 feet.
2.
Compaction should be adequate for a 15 metric ton per axel load, with a maximum 2 feet 3 inch deviation in any 98-foot span.
3.
Access Roads shall be graded so as to self drain.
4.
To accommodate long loads, intersections of new Access Roads and existing highways shall be modified by construction of temporary gravel Access Roads with a minimum inside turning radius at the access of 150 feet and suitable culverts.
5.
Any change of slope on a vertical curve shall not exceed 1% every 50 feet.
Storage Specifications:
See attached Nacelle Transport Instruction and Freewheeling Instruction. The Nacelle Transport Instruction shall be applicable to Buyer only following the earlier of (i) transfer of title of the Turbine Equipment pursuant to Section 8.1 of the Agreement and (ii) any delivery of the Turbine Equipment to an Alternate Delivery Location.
MG&E Turbine Supply Agreement, Exhibit E.2
Exhibit E.2
Fiber Cable Handling Instructions
Class 1
Item no. 951471.R0
2003-12-10
Fiber Cable Handling
and Installation
VestasOnline™
WWW.VESTAS.COM
Vestas Wind Systems A/S
Smed Soerensens Vej 5
DK-6950 Ringkoebing
SF# 1091496
Page 1 of 7
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ..............................................................................1
Fiber cable handling and installation requirements ......................2
1.
Installation practices ........................................................................2
2.
Labelling ..........................................................................................2
3.
Optical fiber cable types ..................................................................3
4.
Optical loss in fiber components .....................................................3
5.
Connectors ......................................................................................3
6.
Inspection and testing .....................................................................4
7.
Calculating budget and fiber distances ...........................................4
8.
Definitions .......................................................................................6
Page 2 of 7
Fiber cable handling and installation requirements
1. Installation practices
Instructions in the data sheet from the producer of the cable should always be
followed. The data sheet informs you about
minimum bending radius, tensile
strength and temperature conditions, etc.
Buried cables must be put in cable conduits. To ease repair or replacement in case
of a breakdown it is recommended to pull the cables into tubes. It is a
requirement
that fiber cables must always be
at least 10 meters
longer than the
actual distance between cable termination points. The reason for this excessive
length is that in case of a break, you will be able to pull some of the surplus fiber
out to the place where the fault occurred. This results in only having to make one
splice on the cable instead of two (especially convenient if tubes are used). In the
wind turbines, the excessive length is also required to ensure that the fiber cable
can be routed in a safe and correct manner from the bottom of the turbines to the
turbine controller cabinet, and to ensure that there is enough cable for splicing
and mounting of connectors.
The following is to be considered when selecting the fiber cable type:
- What type of fiber is needed (Single-Mode/Multi-Mode, depending on
distance)?
- How many fibers are needed in each cable section?
- Indoor cable: demands regarding fire, smoke emission, halogen free cables, etc.?
- O
utdoor cable: is moisture and rodent protection needed (glass or metal
protection – metal protection is only recommended if required by local
demands); will overhead cables be used (high tension, UV resistant, etc.)?
-
Loose buffer
cable types
must
be used for outdoor purposes and tight-buffered
cable may be used for indoor purposes (patch cables).
In case of underground splicing, you must use closures that are environmentally
sealed and are approved for underground use.
2. Labelling
All installed cables shall be labelled at both ends with an appropriate labelling
system. Label lettering shall be clearly legible black lettering on a white or
yellow background. In all practical instances, labels shall be oriented such that
the label can be read without moving the cable to which the label is affixed.
Labelling shall be as follows:
---
“WT1 – WT2” --------------------------/~/------------------------“WT1-WT2”----
The text indicates “to – from” on each end (the ‘from’ indicates where the fiber
comes from, and ‘to’ indicates where the fiber shall go to. The ‘to’ part is always
placed at the end of the fiber.
[_______]
Item no. 951471.R0
Class: I
Date: 2003-12-10
SF# 1091496
7
3. Optical fiber cable
The accepted fiber cable types for use in Vestas communication systems are
types
listed below. All fiber equipment (switches, converters etc.) used by Vestas is
operating at 1300 nm - except long-haul equipment that operates at 1550 nm.
Type
Core
Switch
Min. Bandwidth (MM)
Max.
of
Cladding
Max. Attentuation
power
2)
Max. Dispersion (SM)
length
1)
cable
diameter
budget
µ
Multi-Mode
3)
50/125
m
1300nm:
1 dB/km
800 MHz*km
8 dB
5,000 m
µ
62.5/125
m
1300nm:
1 dB/km
500 MHz*km
11 dB
4,000 m
µ
Single-Mode
9
/125
m
1300 nm:
0.4 dB/km
3.5 ps/nm*km
16 dB
32,500 m
1550 nm: 0.25 dB/km
19 ps/nm*km
29 dB
86,600 m
1)
For 100 Mbit/s switch equipment. See data sheet for 1 Gbit/s equipment.
2)
Theoretical max. length of cable without any splicing.
3)
50/125 m or 62.5/125 m Multi-Mode cable may be used, 50/125 m is recommended.
µ
µ
µ
4. Optical loss in fiber
Each splicing, connector or patching in the fiber system introduces a certain
components
amount of loss. The maximum allowable loss is as follows.
Loss in:
Multi-Mode
Single-Mode
Splicing
0.
1
dB
0.
1 dB
0.
4 dB
0
.4 dB
[_______]
Connector
4)
4)
Loss is for each connector (a patch is 2 connectors, a switch/cable connection is also 2 connectors)
Fiber optic installations depend on the cleaning of the connectors, which means
that every time a connector is taken out of its place, it has to be cleaned before
being put back in place again. This operation is done with Isopropyl alcohol and
special lens-cleaning tissues. It is also necessary always to mount the dust caps
on adapters and connectors when not in use.
5. Connectors
The type of connectors to be mounted on fibers must be agreed upon in each
specific project. Connectors of type
SC
, push-pull connectors, are recommended
in EIA/TIA standards and are
preferred
by Vestas. The normal line of interface
between cable contractor (if not Vestas) and Vestas is the Patch box connector
adapters in the Patch box delivered from Vestas. Connectors may come with
different polishing techniques, Physical Contact (PC), Ultra Physical Contact
(UPC) and Angled Physical Contact (APC). The type used by Vestas shall be of
Physical Contact (PC) type, also sometimes referred to as SC/PC for the SC
connector type.
7
6.
Inspection and
When the installation and the termination of the fiber is completed, all the fibers
testing
must be measured at two wavelengths:
- Multi-Mode at 850/1300 nm,
- S
ingle-Mode at 1310/1550 nm
These measurements are always taken point-to-point. All fibers must be tested
individually with following measurement methods (normally both methods are
required by Vestas):
-
Power-through test (attenuation)
-
is done with an Optical Loss Test Set. This
is an end-to-end test with an optical source at one end and a power meter at
other end. This test method is used to measure every single stretch of fiber
cable. Measurements must be taken in both directions and measurements must
be taken at two wavelengths.
-
OTDR bi-directional verify
- measured with an OTDR measurement
instrument. This test method is used for measurement on cables with one or
more splicings to verify the quality of the splicing. It is also useful to verify that
cable bends are not to tight etc. Measurements must be taken in both directions
and measurements must be taken at two wavelengths.
NOTE:
All cable connection descriptions, attenuation measurements and OTDR reports
have to be delivered to Vestas and the customer as documentation on the fiber
installation. As minimum this report includes for each fiber: end-to-end distance,
total loss and measurement report. The OTDR report must contain an attenuation
curve (OTDR trace) and must include additionally information on attenuations
in each peak point (splicing, patch-connection, bend, etc.). Reports may be
delivered in printed form or electronically (MS Word, MS Excel or PDF format
preferred).
7. Calculating budget
The ideal method for determining the optical loss is to actually measure the loss
and fiber distances
once the fiber has been laid. However, for the initial fiber design, the loss must
be calculated. You should always test and validate the loss once the fiber is laid.
Note that all calculations assume the Full Duplex (FDX) mode of operation,
which is used in Vestas’ communication systems.
Two calculations can be made:
signal loss
through a known length of fiber and
with a known number of splicings and connections, or
maximum fiber distance
given a known power budget and assumed maximum loss in splicings and
connections.
Calculating maximum signal loss is simply the sum of all worst-case variables
within each fiber segment. The numbers shown in the tables in section 2 and 3
above are the maximum allowable loss, used in the following calculations
[_______]
7
Page 5 of 7
Signal Loss [dB]
= (Fiber AttenuationH km)
+
(Splice AttenuationH # of splices)
+
(Connector AttenuationH # of connectors)
+
(Safety Margin, normally 3 dB)
The Signal Loss may not exceed the Power Budget of the switch equipment used
(see values in section 3. Optical fiber cable types).
For a given power budget - and making some assumptions about the number of
splices and connections - you can also estimate the distance you can run a fiber
of particular specifications. Calculation of
Net Power Budget
may be done as
follows, and afterwards the
maximum cable distance
can be calculated:
Net Power Budget [dB]
= (Power budget from switch)
-
(Losses from splicesH # of splices)
-
(Losses from connectorsH # of connectors)
-
(Safety margin, normally 3 dB)
Max. cable distance
[km]
= Net Power Budget / Fiber Attenuation
PB
Multi-Mode cable tends to disperse a light wave unevenly and can create a form
of timing jitter as the data traverses the cable. This modal dispersion tends to
create data errors as the data rate increases.
In addition to calculating budget across Multi-Mode fiber, you also need to
calculate the losses resulting from modal dispersion. The maximum link distance
due to data rate restrictions for Multi-Mode fibers is as follows:
Max. cable distance
[km]
=Bandwidth of fiber / Signal Rate
MD
where signal rate for different data rates is as follows:
Standard
Actual Signal Rate
Data Rate (Mbps)
10
BaseFL
20 MHz
10
10
0BaseFX, 100BaseSX
125 MHz
100
For example, assuming you are using 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet with an actual bit
rate of 125 MHz across a 62.5/125 m Multi-Mode fiber at 1300 nm. The modal
µ
dispersion of 1300 nm Multi-Mode cable is 500 MHz*km minimum and will
result in the maximum distance due to modal dispersion:
Max. Distance
[km]=500 [MHz*km] / 125 [MHz]= 4 [km]
MD
The
maximum acceptable length of your fiber
will be the
least
of the max.
cable distances calculated above.
SF# 1091496
7
8. Definitions
ITU G 652
Defines the specification for standard Single-Mode optical fiber.
ITU G 653
Defines the specifications for dispersion shifted Single-Mode optical fiber.
ITU G 655
Defines the specifications for non-zero dispersion shifted fiber.
EIA/TIA
The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) is a national trade organization that
includes the full spectrum of U.S. manufacturers, representing more than 80% of
the $430 billion electronics industry. The Telecommunications Industry
Association (TIA), formed in 1984, as a non-profit making organisation owned
by its members, is the prime national trade association for the
telecommunications industry in Great Britain. TIA’s role is to improve the
competitiveness, global business development, technical and quality standards
and staff competence of its members.
Dispersion
Multi-Mode dispersion (Modal dispersion) and spectral dispersion cause
Dispersion. Modal dispersion occurs in Multi-Mode cables where there are
higher order and lower order modes so the same signal will be delayed by
different amounts resulting in the spreading of the pulse. This effect does not
occur in Single-Mode fibers. Spectral dispersion occurs in MM and SM cables
because different wavelengths are travelling at different velocities through a
medium. The factors affecting dispersion are fiber cable length, fiber
specifications, data rate and wavelength. Other dispersions may occur are
Chromatic Dispersion, Polarisation Mode Dispersion, etc.
Dispersion is measured in
ps/km*nm
which represents the amount of pulse
spread from an ideal pulse for every km of fiber and every nm of wavelength
change.
LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen), FRNC (Flame Retardant Non Corrosive),
LSHN (Low Smoke Non Halogen)
Cable materials for both indoor and outdoor use that do not emit toxic smoke if
burning.
OTDR
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, used to measure the length of a cable, and
detect any flaws in it. Can also be used to measure end-to-end loss, although less
accurately than a power meter.
OLTS
Optical Loss Test Sets: Optical Source and Power Meter used to measure the
end-to-end loss through a fiber optic strand, or system of cable, connectors and
patch cables. Measurements are more accurate than an OTDR.
[_______]
7
Bandwidth
Fiber bandwidth is given in MHz*km. A product of frequency and distance,
bandwidth scales with distance: if you halve the distance, you double the
frequency. If you double the distance, you halve the frequency.
Attenuation
Attenuation is loss of power. During transit, light pulses lose some of their
energy. Attenuation for a fiber is specified in decibels per kilometre (dB/km).
Attenuation varies with the wavelength of light. There are three low-loss
"windows" of interest: 850 nm, 1300 nm, and 1550 nm. The 850-nm window is
perhaps the most widely used because 850-nm devices are inexpensive. The
1300nm window offers lower loss, but at a modest increase in the cost of LEDs.
The 1550nm window today is mainly of interest for long-distance
telecommunications applications.
Loose Buffer
The fiber is contained in a plastic tube for protection. To secure better
waterproofing protection to the fiber, the space between the tubes is sometimes
gel-filled. Typical application is outdoor installations. One drawback of the loose
buffer construction is a larger bending radius.
Tight Buffer
Buffer layers of plastic and yarn material are applied over the fiber. Results in a
smaller cable diameter with a smaller bending radius.
[__________]