Cambridge Bancorp (CATC) 10-Q 2023 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________________ to __________________

Commission File Number: 001-38184

CAMBRIDGE BANCORP

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Massachusetts	04-2777442
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1336 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA	02138
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 876-5500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock	CATC	NASDAQ
(Title of each class)	(Trading symbol)	(Name of each exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 28, 2023 the registrant had 7,845,868 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

CAMBRIDGE BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income	2
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	4
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	53
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	53
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	54
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	54
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	54
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	54
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	54
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	54
Item 5.	Other Information	54
Item 6.	Exhibits	55
Signatures		56

i

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

CAMBRIDGE BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	(dollars in thousands, except share information)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,398		$	30,719
Investment securities
Available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost $172,568 and $182,027, respectively)		144,306			153,416
Held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value $839,025 and $885,586, respectively)		1,007,471			1,051,997
Total investment securities		1,151,777			1,205,413
Loans
Residential mortgage		1,617,194			1,648,838
Commercial mortgage		1,916,159			1,914,423
Home equity		95,975			111,351
Commercial and industrial		367,403			350,650
Consumer		28,495			37,594
Total loans		4,025,226			4,062,856
Less: allowance for credit losses on loans		(38,073	)		(37,774	)
Net loans		3,987,153			4,025,082
Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Stock, at cost		20,247			6,264
Bank owned life insurance		34,866			34,484
Banking premises and equipment, net		22,654			23,297
Right-of-use asset operating leases		23,111			25,098
Deferred income taxes, net		15,841			17,990
Accrued interest receivable		14,573			14,118
Goodwill		64,539			64,539
Merger-related intangibles, net		6,996			7,443
Other assets		114,467			105,290
Total assets	$	5,489,622		$	5,559,737
Liabilities
Deposits
Demand	$	1,059,563		$	1,366,395
Interest-bearing checking		1,171,164			908,961
Money market		981,304			1,162,773
Savings		593,210			790,628
Certificates of deposit		637,349			586,619
Total deposits		4,442,590			4,815,376
Borrowings		408,926			105,212
Operating lease liabilities		25,376			27,413
Other liabilities		85,726			94,184
Total liabilities		4,962,618			5,042,185
Shareholders’ Equity
Common stock, par value $1.00; Authorized: 10,000,000 shares; Outstanding: 7,845,868 shares and 7,796,440 shares, respectively		7,846			7,796
Additional paid-in capital		293,500			293,186
Retained earnings		246,428			237,369
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(20,770	)		(20,799	)
Total shareholders’ equity		527,004			517,552
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	5,489,622		$	5,559,737

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

1

CAMBRIDGE BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
	(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Interest and dividend income
Interest on taxable loans	$	47,731		$	30,235	$	93,064	$	58,639
Interest on tax-exempt loans		382			354		758		704
Interest on taxable investment securities		4,957			4,989		10,007		9,400
Interest on tax-exempt investment securities		570			627		1,155		1,281
Dividends on FHLB of Boston stock		340			32		412		57
Interest on overnight investments		164			42		490		96
Total interest and dividend income		54,144			36,279		105,886		70,177
Interest expense
Interest on deposits		20,040			1,844		35,984		3,740
Interest on borrowed funds		4,343			254		5,893		387
Total interest expense		24,383			2,098		41,877		4,127
Net interest and dividend income		29,761			34,181		64,009		66,050
Provision for (Release of) credit losses		80			—		140		(412	)
Net interest and dividend income after provision for (release of) credit losses		29,681			34,181		63,869		66,462
Noninterest income
Wealth management revenue		8,076			8,122		16,013		16,696
Deposit account fees		878			732		1,747		1,238
ATM/Debit card income		414			427		925		806
Bank owned life insurance income		192			1,343		379		1,530
Gain on loans sold, net		—			4		13		98
Loan related derivative income (loss)		(7	)		45		227		341
Other income		476			476		1,440		1,794
Total noninterest income		10,029			11,149		20,744		22,503
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits		16,984			17,048		35,472		34,439
Occupancy and equipment		3,571			3,613		7,318		7,155
Data processing		2,602			2,601		5,243		5,246
Professional services		863			1,070		1,986		2,134
Marketing		658			218		1,084		442
FDIC insurance		768			472		1,147		927
Non-operating expenses		3,491			246		3,915		246
Other expenses		1,408			1,029		2,508		1,583
Total noninterest expense		30,345			26,297		58,673		52,172
Income before income taxes		9,365			19,033		25,940		36,793
Income tax expense		2,250			5,375		6,409		9,819
Net income	$	7,115		$	13,658	$	19,531	$	26,974
Share data:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		7,837,708			6,981,907		7,816,611		6,959,856
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted		7,854,955			7,026,807		7,842,106		7,013,538
Basic earnings per share	$	0.91		$	1.95	$	2.50	$	3.86
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.91		$	1.94	$	2.49	$	3.83

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

2

CAMBRIDGE BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022			June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Net income	$	7,115		$	13,658		$	19,531		$	26,974
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Available for sale securities
Unrealized holding gains (losses)		(1,666	)		(4,137	)		276			(12,364	)
Total unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities		(1,666	)		(4,137	)		276			(12,364	)
Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges
Unrealized holding gains (losses)		(512	)		(257	)		(455	)		(1,483	)
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) realized in net income		104			(283	)		208			(724	)
Total unrealized losses on interest rate swaps		(408	)		(540	)		(247	)		(2,207	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(2,074	)		(4,677	)		29			(14,571	)
Comprehensive income	$	5,041		$	8,981		$	19,560		$	12,403

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

CAMBRIDGE BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	Three Months Ended
	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	7,001	$	228,538	$	211,730		$	(11,104	)	$	436,165
Net income		—		—		13,658			—			13,658
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—			(4,677	)		(4,677	)
Share based compensation and other share-based activity		6		1,380		—			—			1,386
Dividends declared ($0.64 per share)		—		—		(4,481	)		—			(4,481	)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	7,007	$	229,918	$	220,907		$	(15,781	)	$	442,051
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	7,834	$	292,250	$	244,561		$	(18,696	)	$	525,949
Net income		—		—		7,115			—			7,115
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—			(2,074	)		(2,074	)
Share based compensation and other share-based activity		12		1,250		—			—			1,262
Dividends declared ($0.67 per share)		—		—		(5,248	)		—			(5,248	)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	7,846	$	293,500	$	246,428		$	(20,770	)	$	527,004

	Six Months Ended
	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	6,968	$	229,205	$	202,874		$	(1,210	)	$	437,837
Net income		—		—		26,974			—			26,974
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—			(14,571	)		(14,571	)
Share based compensation and other share-based activity		39		713		—			—			752
Dividends declared ($1.28 per share)		—		—		(8,941	)		—			(8,941	)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	7,007	$	229,918	$	220,907		$	(15,781	)	$	442,051
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	7,796	$	293,186	$	237,369		$	(20,799	)	$	517,552
Net income		—		—		19,531			—			19,531
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—			29			29
Share based compensation and other share-based activity		50		314		—			—			364
Dividends declared ($1.34 per share)		—		—		(10,472	)		—			(10,472	)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	7,846	$	293,500	$	246,428		$	(20,770	)	$	527,004

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

CAMBRIDGE BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
	(dollars in thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	19,531		$	26,974
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for (Release of) credit losses		140			(412	)
Amortization (accretion) of deferred charges and fees, net		1,226			1,170
Depreciation (accretion), and amortization, net		639			268
Bank owned life insurance income		(379	)		(1,530	)
Share-based compensation and other share-based activity		365			752
Change in accrued interest receivable		(455	)		(899	)
Deferred income tax expense		2,166			2,872
Change in loans held for sale		—			1,490
Change in other assets, net		(9,191	)		(26,817	)
Change in other liabilities, net		(3,405	)		(2,008	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		10,637			1,860
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Origination of loans		(313,132	)		(624,799	)
Proceeds from principal payments of loans		346,435			445,460
Purchase of loans		—			(23,655	)
Proceeds from calls/maturities of securities available for sale		9,335			17,201
Purchase of securities available for sale		—			(10,170	)
Proceeds from calls/maturities of securities held to maturity		43,970			75,089
Purchase of securities held to maturity		—			(205,063	)
Death benefit on bank-owned life insurance		—			4,068
Redemption on bank-owned life insurance		—			10,811
(Purchase) redemption of FHLB of Boston stock		(13,983	)		(5,702	)
Purchase of banking premises and equipment		(911	)		(647	)
Net cash (provided by) used in investing activities		71,714			(317,407	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Change in demand, interest-bearing, money market and savings accounts		(423,516	)		(30,766	)
Change in certificates of deposit		50,602			(36,268	)
Change in borrowings		303,714			236,392
Cash dividends paid on common stock		(10,472	)		(8,941	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(79,672	)		160,417
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		2,679			(155,130	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		30,719			180,153
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	33,398		$	25,023
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	41,587		$	4,136
Income taxes		9,895			15,337

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

CAMBRIDGE BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cambridge Bancorp (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Cambridge Trust Company (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Cambridge Trust Company of New Hampshire Inc., CTC Security Corporation, and CTC Security Corporation III. References to the Company herein relate to the consolidated group of companies. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

The Company is a state-chartered, federally registered bank holding company headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts and was incorporated in 1983. The Company is the sole shareholder of the Bank, a Massachusetts trust company chartered in 1890, which is a commercial bank. The Company operates as a private bank offering a full range of private banking and wealth management services to its clients. The private banking business, the Company’s only reportable operating segment, is managed as a single strategic unit.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) and disclosures necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Interim results are not necessarily reflective of the results of the entire year.

For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 16, 2023.

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The allowance for credit losses is particularly subject to change.

3. Subsequent Events

Management has reviewed events occurring through August 3, 2023, the date the unaudited consolidated financial statements were available to be issued and determined that no other subsequent events occurred requiring adjustment to or disclosure in these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4. Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. This ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2023 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method. The amendments in this ASU allow multiple hedged layers to be designated for a single closed portfolio of financial assets or one or more beneficial interests secured by a portfolio of financial instruments. The amendments in this ASU also clarify the accounting for and promote consistency in the reporting of hedge basis adjustments applicable to both a single hedged layer and multiple hedged layers. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2023 and provided the additional disclosures required for the Company's fair value hedging relationships.

6

5. Cash and cash equivalents

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents totaled $33.4 million and $30.7 million, respectively. There were no amounts required to be maintained at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company pledged $500,000 to the New Hampshire Banking Department relating to Cambridge Trust Company of New Hampshire, Inc.’s operations in that state. The Company did not have any cash pledged as collateral to derivative counterparties at June 30, 2023, or at December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 16 - Derivative and Hedging Activities for a discussion of the Company’s derivative and hedging activities.

6. Investment Securities

Investment securities have been classified in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets according to management’s intent. The carrying amounts of securities and their approximate fair values were as follows:

	June 30, 2023									December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale securities
U.S. Government Sponsored    Enterprise obligations	$	22,997	$	—	$	(3,041	)	$	19,956	$	22,997	$	—	$	(3,264	)	$	19,733
Mortgage-backed securities		149,571		1		(25,222	)		124,350		158,034		3		(25,354	)		132,683
Corporate debt securities		—		—		—			—		996		4		—			1,000
Total available for sale securities	$	172,568	$	1	$	(28,263	)	$	144,306	$	182,027	$	7	$	(28,618	)	$	153,416
Held to maturity securities
U.S. Treasury Notes	$	4,005	$	—	$	(42	)	$	3,963	$	3,970	$	—	$	(18	)	$	3,952
Mortgage-backed securities		913,304		1		(160,034	)		753,271		951,372		4		(157,208	)		794,168
Corporate debt securities		250		—		(6	)		244		250		—		(6	)		244
Municipal securities		89,912		17		(8,382	)		81,547		96,405		88		(9,271	)		87,222
Total held to maturity securities	$	1,007,471	$	18	$	(168,464	)	$	839,025	$	1,051,997	$	92	$	(166,503	)	$	885,586
Total	$	1,180,039	$	19	$	(196,727	)	$	983,331	$	1,234,024	$	99	$	(195,121	)	$	1,039,002

All of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities have been issued by, or are collateralized by securities issued by, either the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae” or “GNMA”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae” or “FNMA”), or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac” or “FHLMC”).

The following tables show the Company’s securities with gross unrealized losses for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at June 30, 2023 or at December 31, 2022, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:

	June 30, 2023
	Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale securities
U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise    obligations	$	—	$	—		$	19,957	$	(3,041	)	$	19,957	$	(3,041	)
Mortgage-backed securities		164		(2	)		124,038		(25,220	)		124,202		(25,222	)
Total available for sale securities	$	164	$	(2	)	$	143,995	$	(28,261	)	$	144,159	$	(28,263	)
Held to maturity securities
U.S. Treasury Notes	$	3,963	$	(42	)	$	—	$	—		$	3,963	$	(42	)
Mortgage-backed securities		19,527		(1,183	)		733,229		(158,851	)		752,756		(160,034	)
Corporate debt securities		—		—			244		(6	)		244		(6	)
Municipal securities		30,290		(302	)		40,768		(8,080	)		71,058		(8,382	)
Total held to maturity securities	$	53,780	$	(1,527	)	$	774,241	$	(166,937	)	$	828,021	$	(168,464	)
Total	$	53,944	$	(1,529	)	$	918,236	$	(195,198	)	$	972,180	$	(196,727	)

7

	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale securities
U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise    obligations	$	10,722	$	(2,278	)	$	9,012	$	(986	)	$	19,734	$	(3,264	)
Mortgage-backed securities		41,832		(3,097	)		90,545		(22,257	)		132,377		(25,354	)
Total available for sale securities	$	52,554	$	(5,375	)	$	99,557	$	(23,243	)	$	152,111	$	(28,618	)
Held to maturity securities
U.S. Treasury Notes	$	3,952	$	(18	)	$	—	$	—		$	3,952	$	(18	)
Mortgage-backed securities		230,708		(22,362	)		562,835		(134,846	)		793,543		(157,208	)
Corporate debt securities		243		(6	)		—		—			243		(6	)
Municipal securities		51,969		(4,388	)		13,714		(4,883	)		65,683		(9,271	)
Total held to maturity securities	$	286,872	$	(26,774	)	$	576,549	$	(139,729	)	$	863,421	$	(166,503	)
Total	$	339,426	$	(32,149	)	$	676,106	$	(162,972	)	$	1,015,532	$	(195,121	)

As of June 30, 2023, 449 debt securities had gross unrealized losses, with an aggregate depreciation of 16.8% from the Company’s amortized cost basis. The largest unrealized dollar loss of any single security was $2.0 million, or 22.2% of its amortized cost. The largest unrealized loss percentage of any single security was 36.6% of its amortized cost, or $860,000.

The Company believes that the nature and duration of unrealized losses on its debt security positions are primarily a function of interest rate movements and changes in investment spreads and does not consider full repayment of principal on the reported debt obligations to be at risk. Since nearly all of these securities are rated “investment grade” and (a) the Company does not intend to sell these securities before recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities before recovery, the Company does not expect to suffer a credit loss as of June 30, 2023.

The Company had no pledged securities as collateral for repurchase agreements at June 30, 2023. The Company pledged U.S. Government obligations with an amortized cost of $9.1 million and a fair value of $8.0 million as collateral for repurchase agreements at December 31, 2022.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities, aggregated by the earlier of call date or contractual maturity, are shown below. Maturities of mortgage-backed securities do not take into consideration scheduled amortization or prepayments. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

8

	June 30, 2023
	Within One Year				After One, But Within Five Years				After Five, But Within Ten Years				After Ten Years				Total
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale securities
U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise obligations	$	—	$	—	$	9,997	$	9,096	$	5,000	$	4,416	$	8,000	$	6,444	$	22,997	$	19,956
Mortgage-backed securities		—		—		12,855		11,992		38,005		31,522		98,711		80,836		149,571		124,350
Corporate debt securities		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total available for sale securities	$	—	$	—	$	22,852	$	21,088	$	43,005	$	35,938	$	106,711	$	87,280	$	172,568	$	144,306
Held to maturity securities
U.S. Treasury Notes	$	994	$	991	$	3,011	$	2,972	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,005	$	3,963
Mortgage-backed securities		—		—		25,022		23,414		50,536		42,774		837,746		687,083		913,304		753,271
Corporate debt securities		250		244		—		—		—		—		—		—		250		244
Municipal securities		5,941		5,926		19,636		19,460		25,697		25,119		38,638		31,042		89,912		81,547
Total held to maturity securities	$	7,185	$	7,161	$	47,669	$	45,846	$	76,233	$	67,893	$	876,384	$	718,125	$	1,007,471	$	839,025
Total	$	7,185	$	7,161	$	70,521	$	66,934	$	119,238	$	103,831	$	983,095	$	805,405	$	1,180,039	$	983,331

There were no sales of investment securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 or June 30, 2022.

The Company monitors the credit quality of certain debt securities through the use of credit ratings among other factors on a quarterly basis. Credit ratings are opinions about the credit quality of a security and are utilized by the Company to make informed decisions. Investment grade securities are rated BBB-/Baa3 or higher and are generally considered to be of low risk. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively, the Company’s debt securities portfolio did not contain any securities below investment grade, as reported by major credit rating agencies. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, none of the Company's investment securities were delinquent or in non-accrual status.

The following tables summarize the credit rating of the Company’s debt securities portfolio at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

	June 30, 2023
	Mortgage-backed Securities (1)		Corporate Debt Securities		Municipal Securities		U.S. GSE Obligations		U.S. Treasury Notes		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale securities, at fair value
AAA/AA/A	$	124,350	$	—	$	—	$	19,956	$	—	$	144,306
BBB/BB/B		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total available for sale securities	$	124,350	$	—	$	—	$	19,956	$	—	$	144,306
Held to maturity securities, at amortized cost
AAA/AA/A	$	913,304	$	250	$	89,912	$	—	$	4,005	$	1,007,471
Total held to maturity securities	$	913,304	$	250	$	89,912	$	—	$	4,005	$	1,007,471

	December 31, 2022
	Mortgage-backed Securities (1)		Corporate Debt Securities		Municipal Securities		U.S. GSE Obligations		U.S. Treasury Notes		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale securities, at fair value
AAA/AA/A	$	132,683	$	—	$	—	$	19,733	$	—	$	152,416
BBB/BB/B		—		1,000		—		—		—		1,000
Total available for sale securities	$	132,683	$	1,000	$	—	$	19,733	$	—	$	153,416
Held to maturity securities, at amortized cost
AAA/AA/A	$	951,372	$	250	$	96,405	$	—	$	3,970	$	1,051,997
Total held to maturity securities	$	951,372	$	250	$	96,405	$	—	$	3,970	$	1,051,997

9

(1)

Includes agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises (“GSEs”) and U.S. government agencies, such as FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA that are not rated by Moody’s or Standard & Poor's. Each security contains a guarantee by the issuing U.S. GSE or agency and therefore carries an implicit guarantee of the U.S. government. These have been categorized as AAA/AA/A.

7. LOANS AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans outstanding are detailed by category as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage
Mortgages - fixed rate	$	805,220	$	902,968
Mortgages - adjustable rate		765,618		703,958
Construction		41,445		35,299
Deferred costs, net of unearned fees		4,911		6,613
Total residential mortgages		1,617,194		1,648,838
Commercial mortgage
Mortgages - non-owner occupied		1,634,435		1,592,732
Mortgages - owner occupied		168,478		183,591
Construction		110,971		135,782
Deferred costs, net of unearned fees		2,275		2,318
Total commercial mortgages		1,916,159		1,914,423
Home equity
Home equity - lines of credit		92,561		108,961
Home equity - term loans		3,156		2,098
Deferred costs, net of unearned fees		258		292
Total home equity		95,975		111,351
Commercial and industrial
Commercial and industrial		366,116		349,026
Paycheck Protection Program loans		841		1,384
Unearned fees, net of deferred costs		446		240
Total commercial and industrial		367,403		350,650
Consumer
Secured		26,734		35,679
Unsecured		1,745		1,897
Deferred costs, net of unearned fees		16		18
Total consumer		28,495		37,594
Total loans	$	4,025,226	$	4,062,856

Directors and officers of the Company and their associates are clients of, and have other transactions with the Company in the normal course of business. All loans and commitments included in such transactions were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons and do not involve more than normal risk of collection or present other unfavorable features.

Asset Quality

The Company’s philosophy toward managing its loan portfolios is predicated upon careful monitoring, which stresses early detection and response to delinquent and default situations. The Company seeks to make arrangements to resolve any delinquent or default situation over the shortest possible time frame. As a general rule, loans more than 90 days past due with respect to principal or interest are classified as non-accrual loans. The Company may use discretion regarding other loans over 90 days past due if the loan is well secured and/or in process of collection.

10

The following tables set forth information regarding non-performing loans disaggregated by loan category:

	June 30, 2023
	Residential Mortgage		Commercial Mortgage		Home Equity		Commercial and Industrial		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans:
Non-accrual loans	$	6,083	$	606	$	398	$	112	$	7,199
Total	$	6,083	$	606	$	398	$	112	$	7,199

	December 31, 2022
	Residential Mortgage		Commercial Mortgage		Home Equity		Commercial and Industrial		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans:
Non-accrual loans	$	4,733	$	311	$	722	$	73	$	5,839
Troubled debt restructurings		622		—		—		81	$	703
Total	$	5,355	$	311	$	722	$	154	$	6,542

Loan Modifications and Restructurings

The Company adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminates the recognition and measurement of TDRs. Due to the removal of the TDR designation, the Company evaluates all loan restructurings according to the accounting guidance for loan modifications to determine if the restructuring results in a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that result in a change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include situations where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and combinations of the listed modifications. Therefore, the disclosures related to loan restructurings are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows.
 

The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon origination. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the allowance for credit losses. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made at the time of a modification. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification.

At June 30, 2023, the Company had no loan modifications or restructurings due to borrower financial difficulty.

Foreclosure proceedings

As of June 30, 2023, there were two loans in process of foreclosure with a carrying value of approximately $628,000. Both of these loans are secured by one to four family residential property. As of December 31, 2022, there were no loans in process of foreclosure.

Loans by Credit Quality Indicator

With respect to residential mortgages, home equity, and consumer loans, the Company utilizes the following categories as indicators of credit quality:

•

Performing – These loans are accruing and are considered having low to moderate risk.

•

Non-performing – These loans are on non-accrual, are more than 90 days past due but are still accruing, or are restructured. These loans may contain greater than average risk.

11

With respect to commercial real estate mortgages and commercial and industrial loans, the Company utilizes a 10-grade internal loan rating system as an indicator of credit quality. The grades are as follows:

•

Loans rated 1-6 (Pass) – These loans are considered “pass” rated with low to moderate risk.

•

Loans rated 7 (Special Mention) – These loans have potential weaknesses warranting close attention, which, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the credit at some future date.

•

Loans rated 8 (Substandard) – These loans have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the debt under the original loan terms. Loss potential exists but is not identifiable in any one client.

•

Loans rated 9 (Doubtful) – These loans have pronounced weaknesses that make full collection highly questionable and improbable.

•

Loans rated 10 (Loss) – These loans are considered uncollectible and continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted.

The following tables contain period-end balances of loans receivable disaggregated by credit quality indicator:

	Credit Quality Indicator - by Origination Year as of June 30, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving loans amortized cost basis		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential Mortgage:
Current	$	35,475	$	336,012	$	516,545	$	284,119	$	114,442	$	324,518	$	—	$	1,611,111
Non-performing		—		—		—		200		1,276		4,607		—		6,083
Total	$	35,475	$	336,012	$	516,545	$	284,319	$	115,718	$	329,125	$	—	$	1,617,194
Current-period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Home equity:
Current	$	3,040	$	4,289	$	2,650	$	1,503	$	2,996	$	16,075	$	65,024	$	95,577
Non-performing		—		61		—		—		—		337		—		398
Total	$	3,040	$	4,350	$	2,650	$	1,503	$	2,996	$	16,412	$	65,024	$	95,975
Current-period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Consumer:
Current	$	3,852	$	10,154	$	4,841	$	3,244	$	698	$	5,121	$	585	$	28,495
Non-performing		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	3,852	$	10,154	$	4,841	$	3,244	$	698	$	5,121	$	585	$	28,495
Current-period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	25	$	—	$	25

12

	Credit Quality Indicator - by Origination Year as of June 30, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving loans amortized cost basis		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial Mortgage:
Credit risk profile by internally    assigned grade:
1-6 (Pass)	$	31,974	$	461,974	$	369,955	$	230,573	$	261,839	$	468,282	$	—	$	1,824,597
7 (Special Mention)		1,847		—		—		2,067		44,867		42,175		—		90,956
8 (Substandard)		—		—		—		—		—		606		—		606
9 (Doubtful)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
10 (Loss)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	33,821	$	461,974	$	369,955	$	232,640	$	306,706	$	511,063	$	—	$	1,916,159
Current-period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and Industrial:
Credit risk profile by internally    assigned grade:
1-6 (Pass)	$	31,393	$	137,643	$	56,468	$	69,581	$	23,972	$	43,827	$	459	$	363,343
7 (Special Mention)		60		858		151		110		195		123		10		1,507
8 (Substandard)		—		—		—		585		1,823		145		—		2,553
9 (Doubtful)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
10 (Loss)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	31,453	$	138,501	$	56,619	$	70,276	$	25,990	$	44,095	$	469	$	367,403
Current-period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	11

	Credit Quality Indicator - by Origination Year as of December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving loans amortized cost basis		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential Mortgage:
Current	$	314,599	$	511,217	$	276,698	$	113,251	$	77,620	$	350,098	$	—	$	1,643,483
Non-performing		—		—		206		315		684		4,150		—		5,355
Total	$	314,599	$	511,217	$	276,904	$	113,566	$	78,304	$	354,248	$	—	$	1,648,838
Home equity:
Current	$	3,611	$	—	$	—	$	58	$	360	$	481	$	106,119	$	110,629
Non-performing		—		—		—		—		—		—		722		722
Total	$	3,611	$	—	$	—	$	58	$	360	$	481	$	106,841	$	111,351
Consumer:
Current	$	13,214	$	8,482	$	5,353	$	444	$	2,078	$	7,424	$	599	$	37,594
Non-performing		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	13,214	$	8,482	$	5,353	$	444	$	2,078	$	7,424	$	599	$	37,594

13

	Credit Quality Indicator - by Origination Year as of December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving loans amortized cost basis		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial Mortgage:
Credit risk profile by internally    assigned grade:
1-6 (Pass)	$	411,927	$	330,593	$	222,073	$	260,588	$	125,398	$	489,564	$	—	$	1,840,143
7 (Special Mention)		—		—		4,562		41,578		21,697		6,132		—		73,969
8 (Substandard)		—		—		—		—		—		311		—		311
9 (Doubtful)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
10 (Loss)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	411,927	$	330,593	$	226,635	$	302,166	$	147,095	$	496,007	$	—	$	1,914,423
Commercial and Industrial:
Credit risk profile by internally    assigned grade:
1-6 (Pass)	$	128,301	$	67,727	$	62,025	$	28,557	$	18,794	$	36,836	$	475	$	342,715
7 (Special Mention)		—		4,211		130		161		407		121		10		5,040
8 (Substandard)		—		—		628		2,102		81		84		—		2,895
9 (Doubtful)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
10 (Loss)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	128,301	$	71,938	$	62,783	$	30,820	$	19,282	$	37,041	$	485	$	350,650

Delinquencies

The past due status of a loan is determined in accordance with its contractual repayment terms. All loan types are reported past due when one scheduled payment is due and unpaid for 30 days or more. Loan delinquencies can be attributed to many factors, such as but not limited to, a continuing weakness in, or deteriorating, economic conditions in the region in which the collateral is located, the loss of a tenant or lower lease rates for commercial borrowers, or the loss of income for consumers and the resulting liquidity impacts on the borrowers.

The following tables contain period-end balances of loans receivable disaggregated by past due status:

	June 30, 2023
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days or greater		Total Past Due		Current Loans		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	8,865	$	370	$	1,857	$	11,092	$	1,606,102	$	1,617,194
Commercial mortgage		9,919		—		—		9,919		1,906,240		1,916,159
Home equity		536		297		148		981		94,994		95,975
Commercial and industrial		82		472		—		554		366,849		367,403
Consumer		26		3		10		39		28,456		28,495
Total	$	19,428	$	1,142	$	2,015	$	22,585	$	4,002,641	$	4,025,226

	December 31, 2022
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days or Greater		Total Past Due		Current Loans		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	11,359	$	1,454	$	1,809	$	14,622	$	1,634,216	$	1,648,838
Commercial mortgage		—		—		—		—		1,914,423		1,914,423
Home equity		962		393		214		1,569		109,782		111,351
Commercial and industrial		65		269		—		334		350,316		350,650
Consumer		81		—		—		81		37,513		37,594
Total	$	12,467	$	2,116	$	2,023	$	16,606	$	4,046,250	$	4,062,856

There were no significant commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were on non-accrual status at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

14

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables present changes in the allowance for credit losses disaggregated by loan category:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Residential Mortgage		Commercial Mortgage			Home Equity			Commercial & Industrial		Consumer			Unfunded Commitments		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit loss:
Allowance for credit losses - loan    portfolio:
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	13,164	$	19,596		$	528		$	4,152	$	565		$	—	$	38,005
Charge-offs		—		—			—			—		(22	)		—		(22	)
Recoveries		—		—			—			9		1			—		10
Provision for (release of) credit    losses - loan portfolio		433		(297	)		(60	)		91		(87	)		—		80
Allowance for credit losses -    loan portfolio at June 30, 2023	$	13,597	$	19,299		$	468		$	4,252	$	457		$	—	$	38,073
Allowance for credit losses -    unfunded commitments:
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	1,931	$	1,931
Provision for (release of) credit    losses - unfunded commitments		—		—			—			—		—			—		—
Allowance for credit losses-    unfunded commitments at June 30, 2023	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	1,931	$	1,931
Total allowance for credit loss	$	13,597	$	19,299		$	468		$	4,252	$	457		$	1,931	$	40,004

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Residential Mortgage		Commercial Mortgage		Home Equity			Commercial & Industrial			Consumer			Unfunded Commitments			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit loss:
Allowance for credit losses - loan    portfolio:
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	13,321	$	19,086	$	573		$	4,153		$	641		$	—		$	37,774
Charge-offs		—		—		—			(11	)		(25	)		—			(36	)
Recoveries		—		—		—			19			11			—			30
Provision for (release of) credit    losses - loan portfolio		276		213		(105	)		91			(170	)		—			305
Allowance for credit losses -    loan portfolio at June 30, 2023	$	13,597	$	19,299	$	468		$	4,252		$	457		$	—		$	38,073
Allowance for credit losses -    unfunded commitments:
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	2,096		$	2,096
Provision for (release of) credit    losses - unfunded commitments		—		—		—			—			—			(165	)		(165	)
Allowance for credit losses-    unfunded commitments at June 30, 2023	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,931		$	1,931
Total allowance for credit loss	$	13,597	$	19,299	$	468		$	4,252		$	457		$	1,931		$	40,004

15

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Residential Mortgages			Commercial Mortgages		Home Equity		Commercial & Industrial			Consumer			Unfunded Commitments		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit loss:
Allowance for credit losses - loan    portfolio:
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	13,193		$	17,138	$	377	$	2,897		$	505		$	—	$	34,110
Charge-offs		—			—		—		(3	)		(3	)		—		(6	)
Recoveries		—			—		—		10			10			—		20
Provision for (release of) credit    losses - loan portfolio		(554	)		629		23		(52	)		(46	)		—		—
Allowance for credit losses - loan portfolio at June 30, 2022	$	12,639		$	17,767	$	400	$	2,852		$	466		$	—	$	34,124
Allowance for credit losses -    unfunded commitments:
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	1,371	$	1,371
Release of credit losses - unfunded commitments		—			—		—		—			—			—		—
Allowance for credit losses-    unfunded commitments at June 30, 2022		—			—		—		—			—			1,371		1,371
Total allowance for credit loss	$	12,639		$	17,767	$	400	$	2,852		$	466		$	1,371	$	35,495

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Residential Mortgages			Commercial Mortgages		Home Equity			Commercial & Industrial			Consumer			Unfunded Commitments			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit loss:
Allowance for credit losses - loan    portfolio:
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	13,383		$	17,133	$	406		$	2,989		$	585		$	—		$	34,496
Charge-offs		—			—		—			(3	)		(28	)		—			(31	)
Recoveries		—			—		—			46			12			—			58
Provision for (release of) credit    losses - loan portfolio		(744	)		634		(6	)		(180	)		(103	)		—			(399	)
Allowance for credit losses - loan portfolio at June 30, 2022	$	12,639		$	17,767	$	400		$	2,852		$	466		$	—		$	34,124
Allowance for credit losses -    unfunded commitments:
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,384		$	1,384
Release of credit    losses - unfunded commitments		—			—		—			—			—			(13	)		(13	)
Allowance for credit losses-    unfunded commitments at June 30, 2022		—			—		—			—			—			1,371			1,371
Total allowance for credit loss	$	12,639		$	17,767	$	400		$	2,852		$	466		$	1,371		$	35,495

8. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was 24.0% and 24.7% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was 28.2% and 26.7% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Net deferred tax assets totaled $15.8 million and $18.0 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company did not record a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

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The components of income tax expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023		2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Current income tax expense
Federal	$	1,998		$	3,868		$	3,032	$	4,963
State		745			1,595			1,211		1,984
Total current income tax expense	$	2,743		$	5,463		$	4,243	$	6,947
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Federal	$	(338	)	$	(61	)	$	1,537	$	1,964
State		(155	)		(27	)		629		908
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)		(493	)		(88	)		2,166		2,872
Total income tax expense	$	2,250		$	5,375		$	6,409	$	9,819

9. Pension and Retirement Plans

The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	Pension Plan						Supplemental Retirement Plan				Retirement Healthcare Plan
	2023			2022			2023		2022		2023			2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	68	$	98	$	4		$	6
Interest cost		450			345			100		71		5			5
Expected return on assets		(799	)		(1,002	)		—		—		—			—
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss		—			—			—		—		(5	)		—
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)	$	(349	)	$	(657	)	$	168	$	169	$	4		$	11

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	Pension Plan						Supplemental Retirement Plan				Retirement Healthcare Plan
	2023			2022			2023		2022		2023			2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	136	$	199	$	8		$	14
Interest cost		903			655			200		130		11			10
Expected return on assets		(1,602	)		(1,938	)		—		—		—			—
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss		—			—			—		—		(11	)		—
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)	$	(699	)	$	(1,283	)	$	336	$	329	$	8		$	24

The Company froze the accrual of benefits on the qualified defined benefit pension plan in 2017. The Company did not make any contributions to the qualified defined benefit pension plan during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, nor does it expect to make any contributions to the qualified defined benefit plan during the remainder of 2023.

Employee Profit-Sharing and 401(k) Plan

The Company maintains a Profit-Sharing Plan (“PSP”) that provides for deferral of federal and state income taxes on employee contributions allowed under Section 401(k) of federal law. The Company matches employee contributions up to 100% of the first 4% of each participant’s salary, eligible bonus, and eligible incentive. Employees are eligible to participate in the PSP on the first day of their initial date of service. Each year, the Company may also make a discretionary contribution to the PSP and employees are eligible to participate in the discretionary contribution portion of the PSP on the first day of their initial date of service. Additionally, employees

17

must be employed on the last day of the calendar year or retire at the normal retirement age of 65 during the calendar year to receive the discretionary contribution.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

The Company has an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) for its eligible employees. Employees are eligible to participate upon the attainment of age 21 and the completion of 12 months of service consisting of at least 1,000 hours. Purchases of the Company’s common stock by the ESOP will be funded by employer contributions or reinvestment of cash dividends.

Total expenses related to the PSP and ESOP for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 were $646,000 and $1.1 million, respectively. Total expenses related to the PSP and ESOP for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 were $1.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan

For executives participating in the Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“DC SERP”), the Company will make a discretionary contribution of up to 10% of each executive’s base salary and bonus to his or her account under the Company’s DC SERP. Total expenses related to the DC SERP for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was a credit of $16,000 and $68,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Total expenses related to the DC SERP for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, were $25,000 and $135,000, respectively.

10. share based compensation

Time Vested Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”) and Time Vested Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company issued the following RSAs and RSUs pursuant to the Cambridge Bancorp 2017 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). RSAs vest either over a three-year or five-year period. RSUs vest over a three-year period. The fair value of RSAs and RSUs are based upon the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the applicable grant. The holders of RSAs participate fully in the rewards of stock ownership of the Company, including voting and dividend rights. The holders of RSUs do not participate in the rewards of stock ownership of the Company until they are vested.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023				Six Months ended June 30, 2023
Type of Award	Shares Granted		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share at Grant Date		Shares Granted		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share at Grant Date
RSAs		510	$	49.15		13,675	$	82.73
RSUs		18,731	$	51.65		19,253	$	52.53

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (“PRSUs”)

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company granted PRSUs from the 2017 Plan, as shown in the table below. PRSUs are subject to a three-year performance period and are earned based on performance factors, as determined, at the time of grant.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023				Six Months ended June 30, 2023
Type of Award	Shares Granted		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share at Grant Date		Shares Granted		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share at Grant Date
PRSUs		22,895	$	51.65		27,554	$	55.13

The following table presents the pre-tax expense associated with all outstanding non-vested RSAs, RSUs, and PRSUs, and the related tax benefits recognized:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Share based compensation expense	$	603	$	943	$	1,170	$	1,591
Related tax benefits	$	168	$	263	$	327	$	444

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Share-based activity in the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity includes RSA, RSU, and PRSU expense, as well as expense related to the Company’s share-based compensation for directors and shares repurchased by the Company for shares tendered by employees to cover income tax liability as grants vest.

The 2017 Plan allows Directors of the Company to receive their annual retainer fee in the form of stock in the Company. The total shares issued under the 2017 Plan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was 12,195, respectively. The total shares issued under the 2017 Plan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was 6,617 and 6,776, respectively.

11. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk

To meet the financing needs of its clients, the Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business. These financial instruments are primarily comprised of commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell residential real estate mortgage loans, and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for loan commitments and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments assuming that the amounts are fully advanced, and that collateral or other security is of no value. The Company generally uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

Off-balance-sheet financial instruments with contractual amounts that present credit risk include the following:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Financial instruments whose contractual amount represents credit risk:
Commitments to extend credit:
Unused portion of existing lines of credit	$	1,038,589	$	1,073,567
Origination of new loans		39,349		25,411
Standby letters of credit		32,645		24,234
Financial instruments whose notional amount exceeds the amount of credit risk:
Commitments to sell residential mortgage loans		—		250

12. LEASES

Lease Commitments. The Company is obligated under various lease agreements covering its main office, branch offices, and other locations. These agreements are accounted for as operating leases and their terms expire between 2023 and 2032 and, in some instances, contain options to renew for periods up to 30 years.

The components of operating lease cost and other related information are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	1,673		$	1,743
Variable lease cost (cost excluded from lease payments)		7			1
Sublease income		(128	)		(17	)
Total operating lease cost	$	1,552		$	1,727
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities -    operating cash flows for operating leases	$	1,821		$	1,805
Operating Lease - operating cash flows (liability reduction)		1,637			1,586
Weighted average lease term - operating leases	5.18 Years			5.80 Years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases		3.06	%		2.97	%

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	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	3,411		$	3,486
Variable lease cost (cost excluded from lease payments)		14			2
Sublease income		(256	)		(33	)
Total operating lease cost	$	3,169		$	3,455
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities - operating cash flows for operating leases	$	3,664		$	3,638
Operating Lease - operating cash flows (liability reduction)		3,291			3,191
Weighted average lease term - operating leases	5.18 Years			5.80 Years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases		3.06	%		2.97	%

The total minimum lease payments due in future periods for lease agreements in effect at June 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Future Minimum
June 30, 2023	Lease Payments
	(dollars in thousands)
Remainder of 2023	$	3,552
2024		6,301
2025		5,314
2026		4,065
2027		2,267
Thereafter		5,962
Total minimum lease payments	$	27,461
Less: interest		(2,085	)
Total lease liability	$	25,376

Several of the Company’s lease agreements contain clauses calling for escalation of minimum lease payments contingent on increases in real estate taxes, gross income adjustments, percentage increases in the consumer price index, and certain ancillary maintenance costs. Total rental expense was $1.8 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. Total rental expense was $3.7 million for both the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.

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13. Shareholders’ Equity

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company and the Bank met all applicable minimum capital requirements and were considered “well-capitalized” by both the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).

	Actual					Minimum Capital Required For Capital Adequacy Plus Capital Conservation Buffer					Minimum To Be Well-Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
	(dollars in thousands)
At June 30, 2023
Cambridge Bancorp:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	516,242		14.1	%	$	384,543		10.5	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		476,239		13.0	%		311,297		8.5	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)		476,239		13.0	%		256,362		7.0	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		476,239		8.7	%		218,011		4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Cambridge Trust Company:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	494,631		13.5	%	$	384,507		10.5	%	$	366,198		10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		454,627		12.4	%		311,268		8.5	%		292,958		8.0	%
Common equity tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)		454,627		12.4	%		256,338		7.0	%		238,028		6.5	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		454,627		8.3	%		217,998		4.0	%		272,498		5.0	%

	Actual					Minimum Capital Required For Capital Adequacy Plus Capital Conservation Buffer					Minimum To Be Well-Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
	(dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2022
Cambridge Bancorp:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	506,239		13.5	%	$	393,285		10.5	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		466,369		12.5	%		318,373		8.5	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)		466,369		12.5	%		262,190		7.0	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		466,369		8.5	%		219,309		4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Cambridge Trust Company:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	490,175		13.1	%	$	393,246		10.5	%	$	374,520		10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		450,305		12.0	%		318,342		8.5	%		299,616		8.0	%
Common equity tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)		450,305		12.0	%		262,164		7.0	%		243,438		6.5	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		450,305		8.2	%		219,296		4.0	%		274,120		5.0	%

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14. Other Comprehensive INcome (LOSS)

The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) (“AOCL”) during the periods, by component, net of tax:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023									Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Before Tax Amount			Tax (Expense) or Benefit			Net-of-tax Amount			Before Tax Amount			Tax (Expense) or Benefit		Net-of-tax Amount
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale securities
Unrealized holding gains (losses)	$	(2,259	)	$	593		$	(1,666	)	$	(5,579	)	$	1,442	$	(4,137	)
Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow    hedges
Unrealized holding (losses) gains		(711	)		199			(512	)		(358	)		101		(257	)
Reclassification adjustment for (losses) income recognized in net income		145			(41	)		104			(391	)		108		(283	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(2,825	)	$	751		$	(2,074	)	$	(6,328	)	$	1,651	$	(4,677	)

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023									Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Before Tax Amount			Tax (Expense) or Benefit			Net-of-tax Amount			Before Tax Amount			Tax (Expense) or Benefit		Net-of-tax Amount
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale securities
Unrealized holding gains (losses)	$	349		$	(73	)	$	276		$	(16,595	)	$	4,231	$	(12,364	)
Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow    hedges													.
Unrealized holding (losses) gains		(633	)		178			(455	)		(2,058	)		575		(1,483	)
Reclassification adjustment for (losses) income recognized in net income		289			(81	)		208			(1,005	)		281		(724	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	5		$	24		$	29		$	(19,658	)	$	5,087	$	(14,571	)

Reclassifications out of AOCI and AOCL that have an impact on net income are presented below.

Three Months Ended
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022			Affected Line Item in the Statement where Net Income is Presented
	(dollars in thousands)
Unrealized (losses) gains on derivatives	$	(145	)	$	391		Interest on taxable loans
Tax benefit (expense)		41			(108	)	Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(104	)	$	283		Net income

Six Months Ended
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022			Affected Line Item in the Statement where Net Income is Presented
	(dollars in thousands)
Unrealized (losses) gains on derivatives	$	(289	)	$	1,005		Interest on taxable loans
Tax benefit (expense)		81			(281	)	Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(208	)	$	724		Net income

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15. Earnings per Share

The following represents a reconciliation between basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Earnings per common share - basic:
Numerator:
Net income	$	7,115		$	13,658		$	19,531		$	26,974
Less dividends and undistributed earnings allocated    to participating securities		(2	)		(43	)		(20	)		(122	)
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	7,113		$	13,615		$	19,511		$	26,852
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		7,838			6,982			7,817			6,960
Earnings per common share - basic	$	0.91		$	1.95		$	2.50		$	3.86
Earnings per common share - diluted:
Numerator:
Net income	$	7,115		$	13,658		$	19,531		$	26,974
Less dividends and undistributed earnings allocated    to participating securities		(2	)		(43	)		(20	)		(122	)
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	7,113		$	13,615		$	19,511		$	26,852
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		7,838			6,982			7,817			6,960
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents		17			45			25			54
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		7,855			7,027			7,842			7,014
Earnings per common share - diluted	$	0.91		$	1.94		$	2.49		$	3.83

16. Derivative AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company utilizes interest rate swaps and floors to mitigate exposure to interest rate risk and to facilitate the needs of its clients. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts principally related to the Company’s assets.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company uses interest rate floors to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. Interest rate floors designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates fall below the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and AOCL and subsequently reclassified into interest income in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized over the life of the hedge on a systematic and rational basis. The earnings recognition of excluded components is presented in interest income. Amounts reported in AOCI and AOCL related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income as interest payments are received on the Company’s variable-rate assets.

During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that $444,000 will be reclassified out of AOCI and AOCL into earnings, as a decrease to interest income.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain pools of fixed-rate assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate. The Company's interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.

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For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.

The Company recorded the following amounts on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:

Line Item in the Statement of Financial Position in Which the Hedged Item is Included	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Fixed Rate Assets	$	494,744	$	—	$	5,256	$	—
Total	$	494,744	$	—	$	5,256	$	—

These amounts include the amortized cost basis of closed portfolios of fixed rate residential loans used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolio anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedged period. At June 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $696.1 million; the cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was $5.3 million; and the notional amount of the designated hedged items were $500.0 million. The Company had no fair value hedges at December 31, 2022. The notional amounts of these agreements do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, thus, are not a measure of the potential loss exposure. At June 30, 2023, the Company’s fair value hedges had a weighted average remaining maturity of 1.78 years, and a weighted average fixed rate of 4.16%.
 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

Derivatives not designated as hedges result from a service the Company provides to certain clients. For the Company’s clients, these are interest rate swaps and risk participation agreements.

Interest Rate Swaps. The Company enters into interest rate swap contracts to help commercial loan borrowers manage their interest rate risk. The interest rate swap contracts with commercial loan borrowers allow them to convert floating-rate loan payments to fixed rate loan payments. When the Company enters into an interest rate swap contract with a commercial loan borrower, it simultaneously enters into a “mirror” swap contract with a third party. The third party exchanges the borrower’s fixed-rate loan payments for floating-rate loan payments. These derivatives are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. Because these derivatives have mirror-image contractual terms, the changes in fair value substantially offset each other through earnings. Fees earned in connection with the execution of derivatives related to this program are recognized in earnings through loan-related derivative income.

The credit risk associated with swap transactions is the risk of default by the counterparty. To minimize this risk, the Company enters into interest rate agreements only with highly rated counterparties that management believes to be creditworthy. The notional amounts of these agreements do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, thus, are not a measure of the potential loss exposure.

Risk Participation Agreements. The Company enters into risk participation agreements (“RPAs”) with other banks participating in commercial loan arrangements. Participating banks guarantee the performance on borrower-related interest rate swap contracts. RPAs are derivative financial instruments and are recorded at fair value. These derivatives are not designated as hedges and, therefore, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

Under a risk participation-out agreement, a derivative asset, the Company participates out a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position executed with the commercial borrower for a fee paid to the participating bank. Under a risk participation-in agreement, a derivative liability, the Company assumes, or participates in, a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position with the commercial borrower for a fee received from the other bank.

The following tables present the notional amount, the location, and fair values of derivative instruments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:

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	June 30, 2023
	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)					(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts-cash flow hedging relationships	$	250,000	Other Assets	$	1,333	$	—	Other Liabilities	$	—
Interest rate contracts-fair value hedging relationships		500,000	Other Assets		5,219		—	Other Liabilities		—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments				$	6,552				$	—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Loan related derivative contracts
Interest rate contracts	$	499,917	Other Assets	$	49,083	$	499,917	Other Liabilities	$	49,083
Risk participation agreements-out to counterparties		52,070	Other Assets		24		—	Other Liabilities		—
Risk participation agreements-in with counterparties		—	Other Assets		—		81,644	Other Liabilities		44
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments				$	49,107				$	49,127

	December 31, 2022
	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)					(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts-cash flow hedging relationships	$	250,000	Other Assets	$	1,966	$	—	Other Liabilities	$	—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments				$	1,966				$	—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Loan related derivative contracts
Interest rate contracts	$	499,619	Other Assets	$	50,784	$	499,619	Other Liabilities	$	50,784
Risk participation agreements-out to counterparties		46,604	Other Assets		23		—	Other Liabilities		—
Risk participation agreements-in with counterparties		—	Other Assets		—		71,046	Other Liabilities		43
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments				$	50,807				$	50,827

The following tables present the changes to AOCI and AOCL as a result of cash flow hedge accounting as of the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI - Included Component		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI - Excluded Component			Location of Gain or (Loss)	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Income			Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Income Included Component		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Income Excluded Component
	(dollars in thousands)									(dollars in thousands)
Interest rate contracts	$	(711	)	$	—	$	(711	)	Interest Income	$	(145	)	$	—	$	(145	)

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Included Component		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Excluded Component			Location of Gain or (Loss)	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Income			Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Income Included Component			Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Income Excluded Component
	(dollars in thousands)									(dollars in thousands)
Interest rate contracts	$	(633	)	$	—	$	(633	)	Interest Income	$	(289	)	$	(96	)	$	(193	)

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	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Included Component			Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Excluded Component			Location of Gain or (Loss)	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Included Component		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Excluded Component
	(dollars in thousands)										(dollars in thousands)
Interest rate contracts	$	(358	)	$	(101	)	$	(257	)	Interest Income	$	391	$	439	$	(48	)

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI - Included Component			Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI - Excluded Component			Location of Gain or (Loss)	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Included Component		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Excluded Component
	(dollars in thousands)										(dollars in thousands)
Interest rate contracts	$	(2,058	)	$	(2,012	)	$	(46	)	Interest Income	$	1,005	$	1,101	$	(96	)

The following table presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated statements of income as of the periods presented:

		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income
		Three Months Ended
		June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
	Location of Gain or (Loss)	(dollars in thousands)
Other contracts	Loan-related derivative income	$	(14	)	$	(33	)

		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income
		Six Months Ended
		June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
	Location of Gain or (Loss)	(dollars in thousands)
Other contracts	Loan-related derivative income	$	(31	)	$	(110	)

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

By entering into derivative transactions, the Company is exposed to credit risk to the extent that counterparties to the derivative contracts do not perform as required. Should a counterparty fail to perform under the terms of a derivative contract, the Company’s credit exposure on interest rate swaps is limited to the net positive fair value and accrued interest of all swaps with each counterparty. The Company seeks to minimize counterparty credit risk through credit approvals, limits, monitoring procedures, and obtaining collateral, where appropriate. Institutional counterparties must have an investment grade credit rating and be approved by the Company’s board of directors. As such, management believes the risk of incurring credit losses on derivative contracts with institutional counterparties is remote.

The Company has agreements with its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. In addition, the Company also has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution, then the counterparty could terminate the derivative position(s) and the Company would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements.

Balance Sheet Offsetting

Certain financial instruments may be eligible for offset in the consolidated balance sheet and/or subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements. The Company’s derivative transactions with institutional counterparties are generally executed under International Swaps and Derivative Association (“ISDA”) master agreements which include “right of set-off” provisions. In such cases there is generally a legally enforceable right to offset recognized amounts and there may be an intention to settle such amounts on a net basis. Generally, the Company does not offset such financial instruments for financial reporting purposes.

The following tables present the information about financial instruments that are eligible for offset in the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

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								Gross Amounts Not Offset
		Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset		Net Amounts Recognized		Financial Instruments		Collateral Pledged (Received)			Net Amount
		June 30, 2023
	(dollars in thousands)
Offsetting of Derivative Assets
Derivative Assets		$	55,660	$	—	$	55,660	$	109	$	(55,352	)	$	199
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities		$	49,083	$	—	$	49,083	$	109	$	—		$	48,974
								Gross Amounts Not Offset
		Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset		Net Amounts Recognized		Financial Instruments		Collateral Pledged (Received)			Net Amount
		December 31, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Offsetting of Derivative Assets
Derivative Assets		$	52,773	$	—	$	52,773	$	48	$	(52,130	)	$	595
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities		$	50,827	$	—	$	50,827	$	48	$	—		$	50,875

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, there were no derivatives in a net liability position related to these agreements.

17. Fair Value Measurements

The following is a summary of the carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s significant financial instruments as of the dates indicated:

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,398	$	33,398	$	30,719	$	30,719
Securities available for sale		144,306		144,306		153,416		153,416
Securities held to maturity		1,007,471		839,025		1,051,997		885,586
Loans, net		3,987,153		3,643,268		4,025,082		3,783,051
FHLB of Boston stock		20,247		20,247		6,264		6,264
Accrued interest receivable		14,573		14,573		14,118		14,118
Mortgage servicing rights		1,529		2,208		1,665		2,336
Interest rate contracts - cash flow hedge		1,333		1,333		1,966		1,966
Loan level interest rate swaps		49,083		49,083		50,784		50,784
Risk participation agreements out to counterparties		24		24		23		23
Interest rate contracts - fair value hedge		5,219		5,219		—		—
Financial liabilities
Deposits, excluding wholesale deposits		4,086,260		4,081,744		4,433,817		4,429,190
Wholesale deposits		356,330		356,084		381,559		381,505
Borrowings		408,926		407,551		105,212		105,202
Loan level interest rate swaps		49,083		49,083		50,784		50,784
Risk participation agreements in with counterparties		44		44		43		43

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The Company follows ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) for financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure requirements about fair value measurements. ASC 820, among other things, emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and states that a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. In addition, ASC 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the types of valuation information (“inputs”) are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

•

Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

•

Level 3 – Valuations derived from techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable in the markets and which reflect the Company’s market assumptions.

Under ASC 820, fair values are based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine fair value. If quoted prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuation techniques, such as matrix pricing or other models that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates. If observable market-based inputs are not available, the Company uses unobservable inputs to determine appropriate valuation adjustments using methodologies applied consistently over time.

Valuation techniques based on unobservable inputs are highly subjective and require judgments regarding significant matters, such as the amount and timing of future cash flows and the selection of discount rates that may appropriately reflect market and credit risks.

Changes in these judgments often have a material impact on the fair value estimates. In addition, since these estimates are as of a specific point in time, they are susceptible to material near-term changes. The fair values disclosed do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering significant holdings of financial instruments at bulk sale, nor do they reflect the possible tax ramifications or estimated transaction costs. Changes in economic conditions may also dramatically affect the estimated fair values.

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Securities available for sale, derivative instruments, and hedges are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as individually evaluated collateral dependent loans. The Company uses an exit price notion for its fair value disclosures.

The following tables summarize certain assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value as of June 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Measured on a recurring basis
Securities available for sale
U.S. GSE obligations	$	—	$	19,956	$	—	$	19,956
Mortgage-backed securities		—		124,350		—		124,350
Corporate debt securities		—		—		—		—
Other assets
Interest rate swaps with clients		—		49,083		—		49,083
Risk participation agreements -out to counterparties		—		24		—		24
Interest rate contracts - cash flow hedge		—		1,333		—		1,333
Interest rate contracts - fair value hedge		—		5,219		—		5,219
Other liabilities
Interest rate swaps with counterparties		—		49,083		—		49,083
Risk participation agreements-in with counterparties		—		44		—		44

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	Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Measured on a recurring basis
Securities available for sale
U.S. GSE obligations	$	—	$	19,733	$	—	$	19,733
Mortgage-backed securities		—		132,683		—		132,683
Corporate debt securities		—		1,000		—		1,000
Other assets
Interest rate swaps with clients		—		50,784		—		50,784
Risk participation agreements-out to counterparties		—		23		—		23
Interest rate contracts		—		1,966		—		1,966
Other liabilities
Interest rate swaps with counterparties		—		50,784		—		50,784
Risk participation agreements-in with counterparties		—		43		—		43

The following tables present the carrying value of assets held at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, which were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

	June 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Items recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Assets
Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans	$	—	$	—	$	89	$	89
Total	$	—	$	—	$	89	$	89

	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Items recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Assets
Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans		—		—		103		103
Total	$	—	$	—	$	103	$	103

Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans. Collateral dependent loans are carried at the lower of cost or fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell which approximates fair value. The Company uses the appraisal value of the collateral and applies certain adjustments depending on the nature, quality, and type of collateral securing the loan.

There were no transfers between levels for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 or June 30, 2022.

The following is a description of the principal valuation methodologies used by the Company to estimate the fair values of its financial instruments:

Investment Securities

For investment securities, fair values are primarily based upon valuations obtained from a national pricing service which uses matrix pricing with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived from, or corroborated by, observable market data. When available, quoted prices in active markets for identical securities are utilized.

Loans Held for Sale

For loans held for sale, fair values are estimated using projected future cash flows, discounted at rates based upon either trades of similar loans or mortgage-backed securities, or at current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for similar remaining maturities.

Loans

For most categories of loans, fair values are estimated using projected future cash flows, discounted at rates based upon current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings, and for similar remaining maturities. Projected estimated cash flows are adjusted for prepayment assumptions, liquidity premium assumptions, and credit loss assumptions. Loans that are deemed

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to be impaired in accordance with ASC 310, Receivables, are valued based upon the lower of cost or fair value of the underlying collateral.

Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLB of Boston”) Stock

The fair value of FHLB of Boston stock equals its carrying value since such stock is only redeemable at its par value.

Deposits

The fair value of non-maturity deposit accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. This amount does not take into account the value of the Bank’s long-term relationships with core depositors. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using a replacement cost of funds approach and is based upon rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Borrowings

For long-term borrowings, fair values are estimated using future cash flows, discounted at rates based upon current costs for debt securities with similar terms and remaining maturities.

Other Financial Assets and Liabilities

Cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest receivable, and short-term borrowings have fair values which approximate their respective carrying values because these instruments are payable on demand or have short-term maturities and present relatively low credit risk and interest rate risk.

Derivative Instruments and Hedges

The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings.

Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments

In the course of originating loans and extending credit, the Company will charge fees in exchange for its commitment. While these commitment fees have value, the Company has not estimated their value due to the short-term nature of the underlying commitments and their immateriality.

Values Not Determined

In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has not estimated fair values for non-financial assets, such as banking premises and equipment, goodwill, the intangible value of the Company’s portfolio of loans serviced for itself, and the intangible value inherent in the Company’s deposit relationships (i.e., core deposits), among others. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following analysis discusses the changes in financial condition and results of operation of Cambridge Bancorp (together with its bank subsidiary, unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company”) and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 16, 2023.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements about the Company and its industry involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Statements other than statements of current or historical fact, including statements regarding the Company’s future financial condition, results of operations, business plans, liquidity, cash flows, projected costs, and the impact of any laws or regulations applicable to the Company, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “plans,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “should,” and other similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from anticipated results. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

•

national, regional, and local economic conditions may be less favorable than expected, resulting in, among other things, increased charge-offs of loans, higher provisions for credit losses and/or reduced demand for the Company’s services;

•

disruptions to the credit and financial markets, either nationally or globally;

•

the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer confidence and on global and regional economies and economic activity;

•

a prolonged resurgence in the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic due to variants and mutations of the virus;

•

weakness in the real estate market, including the secondary residential mortgage market, which can affect, among other things, the value of collateral securing mortgage loans, mortgage loan originations and delinquencies, and profits on sales of mortgage loans;

•

legislative, regulatory, or accounting changes, including changes resulting from the adoption and implementation of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which may adversely affect the Company's business and/or competitive position, impose additional costs on the Company or cause the Company to change its business practices;

•

the Dodd-Frank Act’s consumer protection regulations which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations;

•

disruptions in the Company’s ability to access capital markets which may adversely affect its capital resources and liquidity;

•

effects of changes in amounts of deposits on the Company's funding costs and net interest margin;

•

changes in non-performing assets;

•

future provisions for credit losses;

•

the Company’s heavy reliance on communications and information systems to conduct its business and reliance on third parties and affiliates to provide key components of its business infrastructure, any disruptions of which could interrupt the Company's operations or increase the costs of doing business;

•

the failure of the Company’s financial reporting controls and procedures to prevent or detect all errors or fraud;

•

the Company’s dependence on the accuracy and completeness of information about clients and counterparties;

•

the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and its agencies;

•

the failure to satisfy capital adequacy and liquidity guidelines applicable to the Company;

•

downgrades in the Company’s credit rating;

•

changes in interest rates which could affect interest rate spreads and net interest income;

•

decrease in net interest margin due to increasing cost of funds in a rising interest rate environment;

•

costs and effects of litigation, regulatory investigations, or similar matters;

•

inability to realize expected cost savings or to implement integration plans and other adverse consequences associated with the Company's merger (the “Northmark Merger”) with Northmark Bank (“Northmark”).

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•

a failure by the Company to effectively manage the risks the Company faces, including credit, operational and cyber security risks;

•

increased pressures from competitors (both banks and non-banks) and/or an inability of the Company to remain competitive in the financial services industry, particularly in the markets which the Company serves, and keep pace with technological changes;

•

unpredictable natural or other disasters, which could adversely impact the Company’s clients or operations;

•

a loss of client deposits, which could increase the Company’s funding costs;

•

the disparate impact that can result from having loans concentrated by loan type, industry segment, borrower type or location of the borrower or collateral;

•

changes in the creditworthiness of clients;

•

increased credit losses or impairment of goodwill and other intangibles;

•

negative public opinion which could damage the Company’s reputation and adversely impact business and revenues;

•

the Company depends on the expertise of key personnel, and if these individuals leave or change their roles without effective replacements, operations may suffer;

•

the Company may not be able to hire or retain additional qualified personnel, including those acquired in previous acquisitions, and recruiting and compensation costs may increase as a result of turnover, both of which may increase costs and reduce profitability and may adversely impact the Company’s ability to implement the Company’s business strategies; and

•

changes in the Company’s accounting policies or in accounting standards which could materially affect how the Company reports financial results and condition.

Except as required by law, the Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to publicly release the result of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

OVERVIEW

The Company is a Massachusetts state-chartered, federally registered bank holding company headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Company is a Massachusetts corporation formed in 1983 and has one bank subsidiary: Cambridge Trust Company (the “Bank”), formed in 1890. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had total assets of approximately $5.5 billion. The Bank operates 22 full-service banking offices in Eastern Massachusetts and New Hampshire. As a private bank, the Company focuses on four core services that center around client needs. The Company’s core services include Wealth Management, Commercial Banking, Consumer Lending, and Personal Banking. The Bank’s clients consist primarily of consumers and small- and medium-sized businesses in the communities and surrounding areas throughout Massachusetts and New Hampshire.

The Company’s Wealth Management Group has five offices, two in Massachusetts in Boston and Wellesley, and three in New Hampshire in Concord, Manchester, and Portsmouth. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had Assets under Management and Administration of approximately $4.4 billion. The Wealth Management Group offers comprehensive investment management, as well as trust administration, estate settlement, and financial planning services. The Company’s wealth management clients value personal service and depend on the commitment and expertise of the Company’s experienced banking, investment, and fiduciary professionals.

The Wealth Management Group customizes its investment portfolios to help clients meet their long-term financial goals. Through development of an appropriate asset allocation and disciplined security and fund selection, the Bank’s in-house investment team targets long-term capital growth while seeking to minimize downside risk. The Company's internally developed, research-driven process is managed by a skilled team of portfolio managers and analysts. The Company builds portfolios consisting of the best investment ideas, focusing on individual global equities, fixed income securities, exchange-traded funds, and mutual funds.

The Company offers a wide range of services to commercial enterprises, non-profit organizations, and individuals. The Company emphasizes service to consumers and small- and medium-sized businesses in its market area. The Company originates commercial and industrial (“C&I”) loans, commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans, construction loans, consumer loans, and residential real estate loans (including one-to-four family and home equity lines of credit), and accepts savings, money market, time, and demand deposits. In addition, the Company offers a wide range of commercial and personal banking services which include cash management, online banking, mobile banking, and global payments.

The Company’s results of operations are largely dependent on net interest income, which is the difference between the interest earned on loans and securities and interest paid on deposits and borrowings, and non-interest income largely from its wealth management services. The results of operations are affected by the level of income and fees from loans, deposits, as well as operating expenses, the

32

provision for (release of) credit losses, the impact of federal and state income taxes, the relative levels of interest rates, and local and national economic activity.

Through the Bank, the Company focuses on wealth management, the commercial banking business, and private banking for clients, including residential lending and personal banking. Within the commercial loan portfolio, the Company has traditionally been a CRE lender. However, in recent years the Company has diversified commercial operations within the areas of C&I lending to include Renewable Energy, and Innovation Banking, which works with primarily New England-based entrepreneurs, and asset-based lending that helps companies throughout New England and New York grow by borrowing against existing assets. Through its renewable energy lending efforts, the Company provides financing for the developers and operators of commercial renewable energy projects.

Critical Accounting estimates

Estimates and assumptions are necessary in the application of certain accounting policies and can be susceptible to significant change. Critical accounting estimates are defined as those that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had, or could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition of results of operation. The Company considers the allowance for credit losses and income taxes to be its critical accounting estimates.

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report, for a detailed discussion of the Company’s critical accounting estimates.

Recent Accounting Developments

See Note 4 - Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Guidance to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022

General. Net income decreased by $6.5 million, or 47.9%, to $7.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to net income of $13.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to lower net interest and dividend income before the provision for (release of) credit losses of $4.4 million, lower noninterest income of $1.1 million, and higher noninterest expense of $4.0 million, partially offset by lower income tax expense of $3.1 million. Diluted earnings per share were $0.91 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to a diluted earnings per share of $1.94 for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Net Interest and Dividend Income. Net interest and dividend income before the provision for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 decreased by $4.4 million, or 12.9%, to $29.8 million, as compared to $34.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher costs of funds, partially offset by an increase in average earning assets and higher yield on earning assets.

•

Interest on loans increased by $17.5 million, or 57.3%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher yields combined with higher average loan balances.

•

Interest on deposits increased by $18.2 million, or 986.8%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher costs of deposits combined with higher average balances.

•

Interest on borrowed funds increased by $4.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher cost of borrowings combined with higher average balances.

Total average interest-earning assets increased by $446.0 million, or 9.3%, to $5.26 billion during the three months ended June 30, 2023, from $4.82 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to growth in the loan portfolio (both organic and as a result of the Northmark Bank merger). The Company’s net interest margin, on a fully taxable equivalent basis, decreased by 60 basis points to 2.26% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 2.86% for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher cost of deposits and higher borrowing expenses.

Interest and Dividend Income. Total interest and dividend income increased by $17.9 million, or 49.2%, to $54.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $36.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher asset yields combined with growth in the loan portfolio.

33

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $22.3 million to $24.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by a combination of higher costs of deposits, higher borrowing expenses, and higher average balances.

Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $694.7 million, or 22.9%, to $3.73 billion during the three months ended June 30, 2023, from $3.03 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in interest-bearing liabilities was driven by an increase in average certificates of deposit balances of $504.7 million (inclusive of a $122.6 million decrease in average wholesale certificates of deposits), an increase in average checking account balances of $407.3 million, and an increase in other borrowed funds of $290.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in average savings account balances of $275.1 million and a decrease in average money market accounts of $232.2 million. The cost of total deposits increased to 1.78% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, from 0.17% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The cost of total deposits excluding wholesale deposits was 1.52% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 0.17% for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Provision for (Release of) Credit Losses. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $80,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The Company did not record a provision for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The Company recorded net loan charge-offs of $12,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and net loan recoveries of $14,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Noninterest Income. Total noninterest income decreased by $1.1 million, or 10.0%, to $10.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $11.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily as a result of lower bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) income, partially offset by higher deposit account fees. Noninterest income was 25.2% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

•

BOLI income decreased by $1.2 million, or 85.7%, to $192,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to a gain related to a death benefit claim and a policy surrender that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2022, while no such benefit claims or policy surrenders occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

•

Deposit account fees increased by $146,000, or 19.9%, to $878,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $732,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to fee revenue from commercial deposit sweep products resulting from higher interest rates.

The categories of Wealth management revenues are shown in the following table:

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Wealth management revenues:
Trust and investment advisory fees	$	7,896	$	8,005
Financial planning fees and other service fees		180		117
Total wealth management revenues	$	8,076	$	8,122

The following table presents the changes in Wealth Management Assets under Management:

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Wealth Management Assets under Management
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	4,005,805		$	4,464,512
Gross client asset inflows		110,491			137,629
Gross client asset outflows		(178,777	)		(321,627	)
Net market impact		161,650			(435,521	)
Balance at the end of the period	$	4,099,169		$	3,844,993
Weighted average management fee		0.79	%		0.78	%

There were no significant changes to the wealth management average fee rates and fee structure for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.

34

Noninterest Expense. Total noninterest expense increased by $4.0 million, or 15.4%, to $30.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $26.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by increases in non-operating expenses, FDIC insurance, other expenses, and marketing.

•

Non-operating expenses increased by $3.2 million to $3.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $246,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to Northmark merger related expenses associated with the systems conversion that occurred during the second quarter of 2023.

•

Marketing expense increased by $440,000, or 201.8%, to $658,000, primarily due to timing of marketing spend.

•

Other expenses increased by $379,000, or 36.8%, to $1.4 million, primarily due to a combination of changes in net retirement benefit costs recorded in other expense combined with amortization of core deposit intangibles.

•

FDIC insurance increased by $296,000, or 62.7%, to $768,000, primarily due to an increase in insurance premium.

Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $5.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The Company’s effective tax rate was 24.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 28.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to tax expense associated with the surrender of BOLI policies during the quarter ended June 30, 2022, while no such tax expenses existed for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Results of Operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022

General. Net income decreased by $7.4 million, or 27.6%, to $19.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to net income of $27.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to higher noninterest expense of $6.5 million, lower net interest and dividend income before the provision for (release of) credit losses of $2.0 million, lower noninterest income of $1.8 million, partially offset by lower income tax expense of $3.4 million. Diluted earnings per share were $2.49 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to a diluted earnings per share of $3.83 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Net Interest and Dividend Income. Net interest and dividend income before the provision for (release of) credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 decreased by $2.0 million, or 3.1%, to $64.0 million, as compared to $66.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher cost of funds, partially offset by an increase in average earning assets and higher yields on earning assets.

•

Interest on loans increased by $34.5 million, or 58.1%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher yields combined with higher average loan balances.

•

Interest on investment securities increased by $481,000, or 4.5%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher yields.

•

Interest on deposits increased by $32.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher costs of deposits combined with higher average balances.

•

Interest on borrowed funds increased by $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher cost of borrowings combined with higher average balances.

Total average interest-earning assets increased by $501.9 million, or 10.5%, to $5.29 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $4.79 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to growth in the loan portfolio (both organic and as a result of the Northmark Bank merger). The Company’s net interest margin, on a fully taxable equivalent basis, decreased by 36 basis points to 2.44% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 2.80%. for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher cost of deposits and higher borrowing expenses.

Interest and Dividend Income. Total interest and dividend income increased by $35.7 million, or 50.9%, to $105.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $70.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher asset yields combined with growth in the loan portfolio.

35

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $37.8 million, or 914.7%, to $41.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $4.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by a combination of higher costs of deposits, higher borrowing expenses, and higher average balances.

Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $635.6 million or 21.0% to $3.67 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $3.03 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in interest-bearing liabilities was primarily driven by an increase in average certificates of deposit balances of $526.5 million (inclusive of a $427.0 million increase in average wholesale certificates of deposits), an increase in average checking account balances of $262.1 million, and an increase in average borrowings of $206.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in the average savings account balances of $213.9 million and a decrease in average money market accounts of $145.2 million. The average cost of deposits increased to 1.56% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from 0.17% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The cost of total deposits excluding wholesale deposits increased to 1.26% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 0.17% for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Provision for (Release of) Credit Losses. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $140,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to a release of provision for credit losses of $412,000, for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company recorded net loan charge-offs of $6,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to net loan recoveries of $27,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Noninterest Income. Total noninterest income decreased by $1.8 million, or 7.8%, to $20.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $22.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. This change was primarily the result of lower BOLI income, lower wealth management revenue, and lower other income, partially offset by higher deposit account fees. Noninterest income was 24.5% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

•

BOLI income decreased by $1.2 million, or 75.2%, to $379,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to a gain related to a death benefit claim and a policy surrender that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2022, while no such benefit claims or policy surrenders occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

•

Wealth management revenue decreased by $683,000.0 or 4.1%, to $16.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $16.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily due to the effect of lower wealth management assets in the first half of 2023 as compared to the comparative period in 2022. Wealth Management Assets under Management and Administration were $4.4 billion as of June 30, 2023, an increase of $299.5 million, or 7.4%, from $4.1 billion at December 31, 2022, primarily due to positive returns in both the bond and equity markets.

•

Other income decreased by $354,000, or 19.7%, to $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to lower income associated with success fees of Innovation Banking loans recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.

•

Deposit account fees increased by $509,000, or 41.1%, to $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to increased fee revenue from commercial deposit sweep products as a result of higher interest rates.

The categories of Wealth management revenues are shown in the following table:

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Wealth management revenues:
Trust and investment advisory fees	$	15,655	$	16,493
Financial planning fees and other service fees		358		203
Total wealth management revenues	$	16,013	$	16,696

36

The following table presents the changes in Wealth Management Assets under Management:

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Wealth Management Assets under Management
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	3,875,747		$	4,656,183
Gross client asset inflows		252,486			416,726
Gross client asset outflows		(314,361	)		(582,838	)
Net market impact		285,297			(645,078	)
Balance at the end of the period	$	4,099,169		$	3,844,993
Weighted average management fee		0.79	%		0.78	%

There were no significant changes to the wealth management average fee rates and fee structure for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.

Noninterest Expense. Total noninterest expense increased by $6.5 million, or 12.5%, to $58.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $52.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by increases in non-operating expenses, salary and benefits expense, and marketing expenses as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.

•

Non-operating expenses increased by $3.7 million to $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $246,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to merger related expenses associated with the Northmark systems conversion.

•

Salaries and employee benefits expense increased by $1.0 million, or 3.0%, to $35.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $34.4 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher overall staffing levels associated with the Northmark merger, normal merit increases, and increases in employee benefit costs.

•

Marketing expense increased by $642,000, or 145.2%, to $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $442,000, for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to timing of marketing spend.

Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $6.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $9.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company’s effective tax rate was 24.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 26.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to tax expense associated with the surrender of BOLI policies during the quarter ended June 30, 2022.

changes in Financial Condition

Total Assets. Total assets decreased by $70.1 million, or 1.3%, from $5.56 billion at December 31, 2022, to $5.49 billion at June 30, 2023.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents increased by $2.7 million, or 8.7%, from $30.7 million at December 31, 2022 to $33.4 million at June 30, 2023.

Investment Securities. The Company’s total investment securities portfolio decreased by $53.6 million, or 4.4%, from $1.21 billion at December 31, 2022 to $1.15 billion at June 30, 2023.

Loans. Total loans decreased by $37.6 million, or 0.9%, from $4.06 billion at December 31, 2022 to $4.03 billion at June 30, 2023.

•

Residential real estate loans decreased by $31.6 million, or 1.9%, from $1.65 billion at December 31, 2022 to $1.62 billion at June 30, 2023.

•

Commercial real estate loans increased by $1.7 million, or 0.1%, from $1.91 billion at December 31, 2022 to $1.92 billion at June 30, 2023.

•

Commercial and industrial loans increased by $16.8 million, or 4.8%, from $350.7 million at December 31, 2022 to $367.4 million at June 30, 2023.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance (BOLI). The Company invests in BOLI to help offset the costs of its employee benefit plan obligations. BOLI also generally provides noninterest income that is nontaxable. At June 30, 2023, the Company’s investment in BOLI was $34.9 million, representing an increase of $382,000 from $34.5 million at December 31, 2022, primarily due to the increases in the cash surrender value of the policies during the first quarter of 2023.

37

Deposits. Total deposits, inclusive of wholesale certificates of deposit, decreased by $372.8 million, or 7.7%, to $4.44 billion at June 30, 2023 from $4.82 billion at December 31, 2022. Excluding wholesale certificates of deposit, total deposits decreased by $347.6 million, or 7.8%, at June 30, 2023 from December 31, 2022.

•

Certificates of deposit totaled $637.3 million at June 30, 2023, representing an increase of $50.7 million, or 8.6%, from $586.6 million at December 31, 2022. Total wholesale certificates of deposit, which are included within certificates of deposit, were $356.3 million and $381.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

•

The cost of total deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was 1.56%, as compared to 0.17% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The cost of total deposits excluding wholesale certificates of deposit was 1.26% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 0.17% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. At June 30, 2023, the spot cost of non-wholesale deposits was 1.66%.

Borrowings. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, borrowings consisted of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLB of Boston”) and reverse repurchase agreements. Total borrowings increased by $303.7 million, or 288.7%, to $408.9 million at June 30, 2023, from $105.2 million at December 31, 2022, due to fluctuations in liquidity.

Shareholders’ Equity. Total shareholders’ equity increased by $9.5 million, or 1.8%, to $527.0 million at June 30, 2023, from $517.6 million at December 31, 2022. The Company’s equity increased primarily due to net income of $19.5 million, partially offset by dividend payments of $10.5 million.

The Company’s common equity to assets ratio increased to 9.60% at June 30, 2023, from 9.51% at December 31, 2022. The Company’s ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets increased to 8.41% at June 30, 2023, from 8.32% at December 31, 2022.

Book value per share increased to $67.17 at June 30, 2023, from $66.38 at December 31, 2022. Tangible book value per share increased to $58.05 at June 30, 2023, from $57.15 at December 31, 2022.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (“GAAP”) to Non-GAAP Reconciliations (dollars in thousands except per share data)

Statement on Non-GAAP Measures: The Company believes the presentation of the following non-GAAP financial measures provides useful supplemental information that is essential to an investor’s proper understanding of the results of operations and financial condition of the Company. Management uses non-GAAP financial measures in its analysis of the Company’s performance. These non-GAAP measures should not be viewed as substitutes for the financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.

		Three Months Ended									Six Months Ended
Operating Net Income / Operating Diluted Earnings Per Share		June 30,			March 31,			June 30,			June 30,			June 30,
		2023			2023			2022			2023			2022
		(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Net Income (a GAAP measure)		$	7,115		$	12,416		$	13,658		$	19,531		$	26,974
Less: Death benefits on bank owned life insurance ("BOLI") and policy surrender			—			—			(1,157	)		—			(1,157	)
Add: Merger and contractual termination expenses			3,491			424			246			3,915			246
Less: Tax effect of BOLI surrender			—			—			736			—			736
Less: Tax effect of non-operating expenses (1)	`		(976	)		(118	)		(63	)		(1,094	)		(63	)
Operating Net Income (a non-GAAP measure)		$	9,630		$	12,722		$	13,420		$	22,352		$	26,736
Less: Dividends and Undistributed Earnings    Allocated to Participating Securities (a non-GAAP measure)			(3	)		(26	)		(42	)		(23	)		(120	)
Operating Net Income Applicable to Common    Shareholders (a non-GAAP measure)		$	9,627		$	12,696		$	13,378		$	22,329		$	26,616
Weighted Average Diluted Shares			7,854,955			7,826,162			7,026,807			7,842,106			7,013,538
Operating Diluted Earnings Per Share    (a non-GAAP measure)		$	1.23		$	1.62		$	1.90		$	2.85		$	3.79

(1)

The net tax benefit associated with non-operating items is determined by assessing whether each non-operating item is included or excluded from net taxable income and applying the Company’s combined marginal tax rate to only those items included in net taxable income.

38

The following tables summarize the calculation of the Company’s tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per share for the periods indicated:

	June 30, 2023			March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022			June 30, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Tangible Common Equity:
Shareholders' equity (GAAP)	$	527,004		$	525,949		$	517,552		$	442,051
Less: Goodwill and acquisition related intangibles (GAAP)		(71,535	)		(71,758	)		(71,982	)		(54,348	)
Tangible Common Equity (a non-GAAP measure)	$	455,469		$	454,191		$	445,570		$	387,703
Total assets (GAAP)	$	5,489,622		$	5,528,584		$	5,559,737		$	5,057,935
Less: Goodwill and acquisition related intangibles (GAAP)		(71,535	)		(71,758	)		(71,982	)		(54,348	)
Tangible assets (a non-GAAP measure)	$	5,418,087		$	5,456,826		$	5,487,755		$	5,003,587
Tangible Common Equity Ratio (a non-GAAP    measure)		8.41	%		8.32	%		8.12	%		7.75	%
Tangible Book Value Per Share:
Tangible Common Equity (a non-GAAP measure)	$	455,469		$	454,191		$	445,570		$	387,703
Common shares outstanding		7,845,868			7,833,997			7,796,440			7,007,063
Tangible Book Value Per Share (a non-GAAP measure)	$	58.05		$	57.98		$	57.15		$	55.33

Investment Securities

The Company’s securities portfolio consists of securities available for sale (“AFS”) and securities held to maturity (“HTM”). The largest component of the securities portfolio is mortgage-backed securities, all of which are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.

Securities available for sale consist of certain U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises (“GSE”) obligations, U.S. GSE mortgage-backed securities and corporate debt securities. These securities are carried at fair value, and unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable income taxes, are recognized as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

The fair value of securities available for sale totaled $144.3 million and included gross unrealized gains of $1,000 and gross unrealized losses of $28.3 million at June 30, 2023. At December 31, 2022, the fair value of securities available for sale totaled $153.4 million and included gross unrealized gains of $7,000 and gross unrealized losses of $28.6 million.

Securities classified as held to maturity consist of certain U.S. GSE mortgage-backed securities, corporate debt securities, and state, county, and municipal securities. Securities held to maturity as of June 30, 2023 are carried at their amortized cost of $1.01 billion. At December 31, 2022, the amortized cost of securities held to maturity totaled $1.05 billion.

The following table sets forth the fair value of available for sale investment securities, the amortized costs of held to maturity investment securities, and the percentage distribution at the dates indicated:

	June 30,					December 31,
	2023					2022
	Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale securities
U.S. GSE obligations	$	19,956		14	%	$	19,733		13	%
Mortgage-backed securities		124,350		86	%		132,683		86	%
Corporate debt securities		—		—	%		1,000		1	%
Total securities available for sale	$	144,306		100	%	$	153,416		100	%
Held to maturity securities
U.S. Treasury Notes	$	4,005		—	%	$	3,970		—	%
Mortgage-backed securities		913,304		91	%		951,372		91	%
Corporate debt securities		250		—	%		250		—	%
Municipal securities		89,912		9	%		96,405		9	%
Total securities held to maturity	$	1,007,471		100	%	$	1,051,997		100	%
Total	$	1,151,777				$	1,205,413

39

The following table sets forth the composition and maturities of investment securities. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	June 30, 2023
	Within One Year					After One, But Within Five Years					After Five, But Within Ten Years					After Ten Years					Total
	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield (1)			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield (1)			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield (1)			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield (1)			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield (1)
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale    securities
U.S. GSE    obligations	$	—		—		$	9,997		0.5	%	$	5,000		2.3	%	$	8,000		2.6	%	$	22,997		1.6	%
Mortgage-backed    securities		—		—			12,855		1.9	%		38,005		1.5	%		98,711		1.7	%		149,571		1.6	%
Corporate debt    securities		—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—
Total available    for sale    securities	$	—		0.0	%	$	22,852		1.3	%	$	43,005		1.6	%	$	106,711		1.7	%	$	172,568		1.6	%
Held to maturity    securities
U.S. treasury Notes	$	994		4.3	%	$	3,011		4.2	%	$	—		0.0	%	$	—		0.0	%	$	4,005		4.2	%
Mortgage-backed    securities		—		—			25,022		2.5	%		50,536		1.7	%		837,746		1.8	%		913,304		1.9	%
Corporate debt    securities		250		2.0	%		—		—			—		—			—		—			250		2.0	%
Municipal    securities		5,941		3.7	%		19,636		3.6	%		25,697		3.2	%		38,638		2.7	%		89,912		3.1	%
Total held to    maturity    securities	$	7,185		3.7	%	$	47,669		3.0	%	$	76,233		2.2	%	$	876,384		1.9	%	$	1,007,471		2.0	%
Total	$	7,185		3.7	%	$	70,521		2.5	%	$	119,238		2.0	%	$	983,095		1.9	%	$	1,180,039		1.9	%

(1) Weighted Average Yield is shown on a fully taxable equivalent basis using a federal tax rate of 21%.

The Company did not record an allowance for credit losses on its investment securities as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The Company regularly reviews debt securities for expected credit loss using both qualitative and quantitative criteria, as necessary based on the composition of the portfolio at period end.

40

Loans

The Company’s lending activities are conducted principally in Eastern Massachusetts and Southern New Hampshire. The Company grants single- and multi-family residential loans, C&I loans, CRE loans, construction loans, and a variety of consumer loans. Most of the loans granted by the Company are secured by real estate collateral. Repayment of the Company’s residential loans is generally dependent on the health of the employment market in the borrowers’ geographic areas and that of the general economy, with liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral being typically viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. The repayment of C&I loans depends primarily on the cash flow and credit worthiness of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. As borrower cash flow may be difficult to predict, liquidation of the underlying collateral securing these loans is typically viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. However, collateral typically consists of equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, or other business assets that may fluctuate in value, so the liquidation of collateral in the event of default is often an insufficient source of repayment. For renewable energy loans, cash flow is generally dependent on energy output and is generated from the contracted sale of energy credits or wholesale energy sales as well as state mandated incentive programs. For Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans, the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) generally guarantees 100% of the PPP loans made to eligible borrowers. The entire principal amount of the borrower’s PPP loan, including any accrued interest, is eligible to be reduced by the loan forgiveness amount subject to program requirements. The Company’s CRE loans are primarily made based on the cash flow from the collateral property and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower, with liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral typically being viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. The Company’s construction loans are primarily made based on the borrower’s expected ability to execute and the future completed value of the collateral property, with sale of the underlying real estate collateral typically being viewed as the primary source of repayment.

The following table sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio at the dates indicated:

	June 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
	2023		% of Total			2022		% of Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage
Mortgages - fixed rate	$	805,220		20	%	$	902,968		22	%
Mortgages - adjustable rate		765,618		19	%		703,958		17	%
Construction		41,445		1	%		35,299		1	%
Deferred costs, net of unearned fees		4,911		0	%		6,613		0	%
Total residential mortgages		1,617,194		40	%		1,648,838		40	%
Commercial mortgage
Mortgages - non-owner occupied		1,634,435		41	%		1,592,732		39	%
Mortgages - owner occupied		168,478		4	%		183,591		5	%
Construction		110,971		3	%		135,782		3	%
Deferred costs, net of unearned fees		2,275		0	%		2,318		0	%
Total commercial mortgages		1,916,159		48	%		1,914,423		47	%
Home equity
Home equity - lines of credit		92,561		2	%		108,961		3	%
Home equity - term loans		3,156		0	%		2,098		0	%
Deferred costs, net of unearned fees		258		0	%		292		0	%
Total home equity		95,975		2	%		111,351		3	%
Commercial and industrial
Commercial and industrial		366,116		9	%		349,026		9	%
PPP loans		841		0	%		1,384		0	%
Unearned fees, net of deferred costs		446		0	%		240		0	%
Total commercial and industrial		367,403		9	%		350,650		9	%
Consumer
Secured		26,734		1	%		35,679		1	%
Unsecured		1,745		0	%		1,897		0	%
Deferred costs, net of unearned fees		16		0	%		18		0	%
Total consumer		28,495		1	%		37,594		1	%
Total loans	$	4,025,226		100	%	$	4,062,856		100	%

Residential Mortgage. Residential real estate loans held in portfolio were $1.62 billion at June 30, 2023, a decrease of $31.6 million, or 1.9%, from $1.65 billion at December 31, 2022, and consisted of one-to-four family residential mortgage loans or loans for the construction thereof. The residential mortgage portfolio represented 40% of total loans at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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The average loan balance outstanding in the residential portfolio was $517,000 and the largest individual residential mortgage loan outstanding was $5.5 million as of June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, this loan was performing in accordance with its original terms.

The Bank offers fixed and adjustable-rate residential mortgage and construction loans with maturities up to 30 years. One-to-four family residential mortgage loans are generally underwritten according to Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) guidelines and refer to loans that conform to such guidelines as “conforming loans.” The Bank generally originates and purchases both fixed and adjustable-rate mortgage loans in amounts up to the maximum conforming loan limits as established by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, which increased to $726,200 in 2023 from $647,200 in 2022, for one-unit properties. In addition, the Bank also offers loans above conforming lending limits typically referred to as “jumbo” loans and interest only loans. These loans are typically underwritten to jumbo conforming guidelines; however, the Bank may choose to hold a jumbo loan within its portfolio with underwriting criteria that does not exactly match conforming guidelines. The Bank may also, from time to time, purchase residential loans that are either jumbo, conforming, or meet its Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) requirements. Purchases have historically been made to satisfy CRA requirements for lending to low- and moderate-income borrowers within the Bank's CRA Assessment Area.

Generally, residential construction loans are based on complete value per plans and specifications, with loan proceeds used to construct the house for single family primary residence. Loans are provided for terms up to 12 months during the construction phase, with loan-to-values that generally do not exceed 80% on as complete basis. The loans then convert to permanent financing at terms up to 360 months.

The Company does not offer reverse mortgages, nor does it offer loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan. The Company does not offer “subprime loans” (loans that are made with low down payments to borrowers with weakened credit histories typically characterized by payment delinquencies, previous charge-offs, judgments, bankruptcies, or borrowers with questionable repayment capacity as evidenced by low credit scores or high debt-burden ratios) or Alt-A loans (defined as loans having less than full documentation).

Residential real estate loans are originated both for sale to the secondary market, as well as for retention in the Bank’s loan portfolio. The decision to sell a loan to the secondary market or retain within the portfolio is determined based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the Bank’s asset/liability position, the current interest rate environment, and client preference.

Indemnification. In general, the Company does not sell loans with recourse, except to the extent that it arises from standard loan-sale contract provisions. These provisions cover violations of representations and warranties and, under certain circumstances, first payment default by borrowers. These indemnifications may include the repurchase of loans by the Company and are considered customary provisions in the secondary market for conforming mortgage loan sales. Repurchases and losses have been rare, and no provision is made for losses at the time of sale. There were no such repurchases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023 or June 30, 2022.

The Company was servicing mortgage loans sold to others without recourse of approximately $182.5 million at June 30, 2023 and $191.9 million at December 31, 2022.

The table below presents residential real estate loan origination activity for the periods indicated:

	For the Six Month Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Originations for retention in portfolio	$	75,607	$	256,007
Originations for sale to the secondary market		420		4,515
Total	$	76,027	$	260,522

Loans are sold with servicing retained or released. The table below presents residential real estate loan sale activity for the periods indicated:

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Loans sold with servicing rights retained	$	420	$	5,834
Loans sold with servicing rights released		—		—
Total	$	420	$	5,834

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Loans sold with the retention of servicing typically result in the capitalization of servicing rights. Loan servicing rights are included in other assets and subsequently amortized as an offset to other income over the estimated period of servicing. The net balance of capitalized servicing rights totaled $1.5 million and $1.7 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Commercial Mortgage (“CRE”). CRE loans totaled $1.92 billion as of June 30, 2023, and $1.91 billion at December 31, 2022. The CRE loan portfolio represented 48% and 47% of total loans at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The average loan balance outstanding in this portfolio was $1.7 million, and the largest individual CRE loan outstanding was $28.7 million as of June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, this commercial mortgage was performing in accordance with its original terms.

CRE loans are secured by a variety of property types, inclusive of multi-family dwellings, retail facilities, office buildings, commercial mixed use, lodging, industrial and warehouse properties, and other specialized properties.

Generally, CRE loans are for terms of up to 10 years, with loan-to-values that generally do not exceed 75%. Amortization schedules are long-term, and thus, a balloon payment is generally due at maturity. Under most circumstances, the Bank will offer to rewrite or otherwise extend the loan at prevailing interest rates.

Generally, commercial construction loans are speculative in nature, with loan proceeds used to acquire and develop real estate property for sale or rental. Loans are typically provided for terms up to 36 months during the construction phase, with loan-to-values that generally do not exceed 75% on both an “as is” and “as complete and stabilized” basis. Construction projects are primarily for the development of residential property types, inclusive of one-to-four family and multifamily properties.

Home Equity. The home equity portfolio totaled $96.0 million and $111.4 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The home equity portfolio represented 2% and 3% of total loans at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. At June 30, 2023, the largest home equity line of credit was $3.5 million and had an outstanding balance of $1.5 million. At June 30, 2023, this line of credit was performing in accordance with its original terms.

Home equity lines of credit are extended as both first and second mortgages on owner-occupied residential properties in the Bank’s market area. Home equity lines of credit are generally underwritten with the same criteria that the Company uses to underwrite one-to-four family residential mortgage loans.

Home equity lines of credit are revolving lines of credit, which generally have a term between 15 and 20 years, with draws available for the first 10 years. The 15-year lines of credit are interest only during the first 10 years and amortize on a five-year basis thereafter. The 20-year lines of credit are interest only during the first 10 years and amortize on a 10-year basis thereafter. The Company generally originates home equity lines of credit with loan-to-value ratios of up to 80% when combined with the principal balance of the existing first mortgage loan, although loan-to-value ratios may occasionally exceed 80% on a case-by-case basis. Maximum combined loan-to-values are determined based on an applicant’s loan/line amount and the estimated property value. Lines of credit above $1.0 million generally will not exceed combined loan-to-value of 75%. Rates are adjusted monthly based on changes in a designated market index. The Company also offers home equity term loans, which are extended as second mortgages on owner-occupied residential properties in its market area. Home equity term loans are fixed rate second mortgage loans, which generally have a term between five and 20 years.

Commercial and Industrial (“C&I”). The C&I portfolio totaled $367.4 million and $350.7 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The C&I portfolio represented 9% of total loans at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The average loan balance outstanding in this portfolio was $594,000, and the largest individual C&I loan outstanding was $18.8 million as of June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, this loan was performing in accordance with its original terms.

The Company’s C&I loan clients represent various small- and middle-market established businesses involved in professional and financial services, accommodation and food services, utilities, health care, wholesale trade, manufacturing, distribution, retailing, and non-profits. Most clients are privately owned businesses with markets that range from local to national in scope. Many of the loans to this segment are secured by liens on corporate assets and the personal guarantees of the principals. The Company also makes loans to entrepreneurial and technology businesses, where regional economic strength or weakness impacts the relative risks in this loan category, in addition to renewable energy lending which is more specialized in nature. The Company has expanded its exposure within renewable energy lending but otherwise there are no significant concentrations in any one business sector, and loan risks are generally diversified among many borrowers.

At June 30, 2023, commercial solar loans totaled $123.7 million and the average loan balance outstanding in this portfolio was $1.9 million. The largest individual loan outstanding was $7.3 million and was performing in accordance with its original terms at June 30, 2023.

Consumer Loans. The consumer loan portfolio totaled $28.5 million at June 30, 2023 and $37.6 million at December 31, 2022. Consumer loans represented 1% of the total loan portfolio at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The average loan balance

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outstanding in this portfolio was $9,000 and the largest individual consumer loan outstanding was $2.0 million as of June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, this loan was performing in accordance with its original terms.

Consumer loans include secured and unsecured loans, lines of credit, and personal installment loans. Unsecured consumer loans generally have greater risk compared to longer-term loans secured by improved, owner-occupied real estate, particularly consumer loans that are secured by rapidly depreciable assets. The secured consumer loans and lines portfolio are generally fully secured by pledged assets, such as bank accounts or investments.

Loan Portfolio Maturities. The following table summarizes the dollar amount of loans maturing in the Company’s portfolio based on their loan type and contractual terms to maturity at June 30, 2023. The table does not include any estimate of prepayments, which can significantly shorten the average life of all loans and may cause the actual repayment experience to differ from that shown below. Demand loans, loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity, and overdraft loans are reported as being due in one year or less.

	June 30, 2023
	One Year or Less		One to Five Years		After Five Years through Fifteen Years		After Fifteen Years		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	2,020	$	13,806	$	88,690	$	1,512,678	$	1,617,194
Commercial mortgage		161,072		593,928		1,037,263		123,896		1,916,159
Home equity		1,777		11,557		34,833		47,808		95,975
Commercial and industrial		52,012		154,586		91,445		69,360		367,403
Consumer		27,795		380		320		—		28,495
Total	$	244,676	$	774,257	$	1,252,551	$	1,753,742	$	4,025,226

Loan Portfolio by Interest Rate Type. The following table summarizes the dollar amount of loans in the portfolio based on whether the loan has a fixed, adjustable, or floating rate of interest at June 30, 2023. Floating rate loans are tied to a market index while adjustable-rate loans are adjusted based on the contractual terms of the loan.

	June 30, 2023
	Fixed		Adjustable		Floating		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	828,819	$	788,375	$	—	$	1,617,194
Commercial mortgage		883,105		435,388		597,666		1,916,159
Home equity		2,957		650		92,368		95,975
Commercial and industrial		54,064		21,670		291,669		367,403
Consumer		922		—		27,573		28,495
Total	$	1,769,867	$	1,246,083	$	1,009,276	$	4,025,226

Non-performing Loans, modifications, and TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS (“TDRs”)

The composition of nonperforming loans is as follows:

	June 30,			December 31,
	2023			2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans	$	7,199		$	5,839
Troubled debt restructurings		—			703
Total non-performing loans	$	7,199		$	6,542
Non-performing loans as a percentage of gross loans		0.18	%		0.16	%
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total assets		0.13	%		0.12	%

Total non-performing loans increased by $657,000, or 10%, at June 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in residential and commercial loans on non-accrual, partially offset by a decrease in home equity loans on non-accrual.

The Company continues to closely monitor the portfolio of non-performing loans for which management has concerns regarding the ability of the borrowers to perform. The majority of the loans are secured by real estate and are considered to have adequate collateral value to cover the loan balances at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, although such values may fluctuate with changes in the

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economy and the real estate market. In addition to the monitoring and review of loan performance internally, the Company has contracted with an independent organization to review the Company’s C&I and CRE loan portfolios.

Non-accrual Loans. Loans are typically placed on non-accrual status when any payment of principal and/or interest is 90 days or more past due unless the collateral is sufficient to cover both principal and interest and the loan is in the process of collection. The Company monitors closely the performance of its loan portfolio. The status of delinquent loans, as well as situations identified as potential problems, is reviewed on a regular basis by management.

Modifications and Restructurings. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminates the recognition and measurement of a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). Due to the removal of the TDR designation, the Company evaluates all loan restructurings according to the accounting guidance for loan modifications to determine if the restructuring results in a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that result in a change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include situations where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and combinations of the listed modifications. Modification of a loan in lieu of aggressively enforcing the collection of the loan may benefit the Company by increasing the ultimate probability of collection.

Modified loans are classified as accruing or non-accruing based on management’s assessment of the collectability of the loan. Loans which are already on non-accrual status at the time of the modification generally remain on non-accrual status for approximately six months or longer before management considers such loans for return to accruing status. Accruing modified loans are placed into non-accrual status if and when the borrower fails to comply with the modification terms and management deems it unlikely that the borrower will return to a status of compliance in the near term.

At June 30, 2023, the Company had no loan modifications or restructurings due to borrower financial difficulty.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes information related to the Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans for the periods indicated:

	At and For the Six Months Ended			At and For the Year Ended
	June 30,			December 31,
	2023			2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Period-end loans outstanding (net of unearned fees and deferred costs)	$	4,025,226		$	4,062,856
Average loans outstanding (net of unearned fees and deferred costs)	$	4,033,401		$	3,600,815
Loans on non-accrual	$	7,199		$	5,839
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	$	38,073		$	37,774
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding - Total		(0.00	)%		0.00	%
Non-accrual loans to loans outstanding at period end		0.18	%		0.14	%
Ratio of allowance for credit losses on loans to loans on non-accrual		528.88	%		646.93	%
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to loans outstanding		0.95	%		0.93	%

The level of charge-offs depends on many factors, including the national and regional economy. Cyclical lagging factors may result in charge-offs being higher than historical levels. Although the allowance is allocated between categories, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses attributable to all loan categories. Management believes that the allowance for credit losses is adequate.

The following table presents the allocation of the allowance for credit losses for loans by loan category:

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Allowance Amount		% of Allowance			% of Total Loans			Allowance Amount		% of Allowance			% of Total Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgages	$	13,597		36	%		40	%	$	13,321		35	%		40	%
Commercial mortgages		19,299	51			48				19,086	50			47
Home equity		468	1			2				573	2			3
Commercial and industrial		4,252	11			9				4,153	11			9
Consumer		457	1			1				641	2			1
Total Allowance	$	38,073		100	%		100	%	$	37,774		100	%		100	%

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Sources of Funds

General. Deposits traditionally have been the Company's primary source of funds for its investment and lending activities. The Company also borrows from the FHLB of Boston or the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (“FRB of Boston”) and utilizes repurchase agreements and wholesale deposits to supplement cash flow needs, to lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk management purposes, and to manage its cost of funds. The Company’s additional sources of funds are scheduled payments and prepayments of principal and interest on loans and investment securities, fee income, and proceeds from the sales of loans and securities.

Deposits. The Company accepts deposits primarily from clients in the communities in which its branches and offices are located, as well as from small- and medium-sized businesses and other clients throughout its lending area. The Company relies on its competitive pricing and products, convenient locations, and client service to attract and retain deposits. The Company offers a variety of deposit accounts with a range of interest rates and terms. Deposit accounts consist of relationship checking for consumers and businesses, statement savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, interest on lawyer trust accounts, commercial and regular checking accounts, and individual retirement accounts. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current business strategies, market interest rates, liquidity requirements, and the Company's deposit growth goals. The Company may also access the wholesale deposit market for funding.

The following table sets forth the Company’s deposits for the periods indicated:

	June 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
	Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Demand deposits (non-interest bearing)	$	1,059,563		25.1	%	$	1,366,395		28.4	%
Interest-bearing checking		1,171,164		23.0			908,961		18.9
Money market		981,304		21.4			1,162,773		24.1
Savings		593,210		14.4			790,628		16.4
Retail certificates of deposit under $250,000		174,477		3.0			117,532		2.5
Retail certificates of deposit of $250,000 or greater		106,542		1.9			87,528		1.8
Wholesale certificates of deposit		356,330		11.2			381,559		7.9
Total	$	4,442,590		100.0	%	$	4,815,376		100.0	%

At June 30, 2023, the Company had a total of $281.0 million in certificates of deposit, excluding wholesale deposits, of which $222.6 million had remaining maturities of one year or less. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had a total of $356.3 million and $381.6 million of wholesale deposits, respectively.

Borrowings. Total borrowings were $408.9 million at June 30, 2023, an increase of $303.7 million, as compared to $105.2 million at December 31, 2022. The Company’s borrowings consisted of advances from the FHLB of Boston at June 30, 2023 and the FHLB of Boston and repurchase agreements at December 31, 2022. FHLB of Boston advances are collateralized by a blanket pledge agreement on the Company’s FHLB of Boston stock and residential mortgages held in the Bank’s portfolios.

The Company’s remaining borrowing capacity at the FHLB of Boston at June 30, 2023 was approximately $575.5 million. In addition, the Company has a $10.0 million line of credit with the FHLB of Boston and a $10 million line of credit with a correspondent bank.

In March 2023, the Federal Reserve Board announced the creation of a new Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”). The BTFP offers loans of up to one year in length to banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other eligible depository institutions pledging U.S. Treasuries, agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, and other qualifying assets as collateral. These assets will be valued at par.

The Company had no borrowings outstanding with the FRB of Boston at June 30, 2023. The Company’s borrowing capacity at the FRB of Boston at June 30, 2023 was approximately $1.82 billion, inclusive of approximately $177.3 million in estimated borrowing capacity through the FRB Term Funding program if the Company were to pledge assets under the BTFP.

The Company periodically enters into repurchase agreements with its larger deposit and commercial clients as part of its cash management services which are typically overnight borrowings. There were no repurchase agreements with clients at June 30, 2023. Repurchase agreements with clients totaled $5.0 million at December 31, 2022

Net Interest Margin

Net interest income represents the difference between interest earned, primarily on loans and investments, and interest paid on funding sources, primarily deposits and borrowings. Interest rate spread is the difference between the average rate earned on total interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on total interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is the amount of net interest income, on a fully

46

taxable-equivalent basis, expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The average rate earned on earning assets is the amount of annualized taxable equivalent interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities is equal to annualized interest expense as a percentage of average interest-bearing liabilities.

The following table sets forth the distribution of the Company’s daily average assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, and average rates earned or paid on a fully taxable equivalent basis for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023									March 31, 2023									June 30, 2022
	Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expenses (1)			Rate Earned/ Paid (1)			Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expenses (1)			Rate Earned/ Paid (1)			Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expenses (1)			Rate Earned/ Paid (1)
	(dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
Interest-earning assets
Loans (2)
Taxable	$	3,978,078		$	47,731			4.81	%	$	3,986,380		$	45,333			4.61	%	$	3,409,819		$	30,235			3.56	%
Tax-exempt		51,359			484			3.78			51,028			476			3.78			46,771			448			3.84
Securities available for    sale (3)
Taxable		175,361			693			1.59			180,510			713			1.60			198,985			671			1.35
Securities held to maturity
Taxable		927,768			4,264			1.84			948,233			4,337			1.85			1,012,604			4,318			1.71
Tax-exempt		93,420			721			3.10			95,212			740			3.15			101,029			794			3.15
Cash and cash equivalents		37,391			164			1.76			50,831			326			2.60			48,197			42			0.35
Total interest-earning    assets (4)		5,263,377			54,057			4.12	%		5,312,194			51,925			3.96	%		4,817,405			36,508			3.04	%
Non-interest-earning    assets		270,384									268,670									232,165
Allowance for credit losses		(38,099	)								(37,784	)								(34,368	)
Total assets	$	5,495,662								$	5,543,080								$	5,015,202
LIABILITIES AND    SHAREHOLDERS’    EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits
Checking accounts	$	1,150,334		$	4,985			1.74	%	$	880,040		$	2,025			0.93	%	$	743,030		$	50			0.03	%
Savings accounts		624,749			1,469			0.94			771,219			1,357			0.71			899,820			181			0.08
Money market accounts		970,828			7,292			3.01			1,129,934			6,462			2.32			1,203,020			1,531			0.51
Certificates of deposit		633,722			6,294			3.98			692,644			6,100			3.57			129,060			82			0.25
Total interest-bearing    deposits		3,379,633			20,040			2.38			3,473,837			15,944			1.86			2,974,930			1,844			0.25
Other borrowed funds		346,755			4,343			5.02			137,516			1,550			4.57			56,734			254			1.80
Total interest-bearing    liabilities		3,726,388			24,383			2.62	%		3,611,353			17,494			1.96	%		3,031,664			2,098			0.28	%
Non-interest-bearing    liabilities
Demand deposits		1,138,259									1,290,924									1,452,911
Other liabilities		105,249									120,877									93,966
Total liabilities		4,969,896									5,023,154									4,578,541
Shareholders’ equity		525,766									519,926									436,661
Total liabilities &    shareholders’    equity	$	5,495,662								$	5,543,080								$	5,015,202
Net interest income on a    fully taxable equivalent    basis					29,674									34,431									34,410
Less taxable equivalent    adjustment					(253	)								(255	)								(261	)
Net interest income				$	29,421								$	34,176								$	34,149
Net interest spread (5)								1.49	%								2.00	%								2.76	%
Net interest margin (6)								2.26	%								2.63	%								2.86	%

(1)

Annualized on a fully taxable equivalent basis calculated using a federal tax rate of 21%.

(2)

Non-accrual loans are included in average amounts outstanding.

(3)

Average balances of securities available for sale calculated utilizing amortized cost.

(4)

FHLB of Boston stock balance is excluded from interest-earning assets and dividend income is excluded from interest income.

(5)

Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets, inclusive of PPP loans outstanding during 2023 and 2022, and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(6)

Net interest margin represents net interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis as a percentage of average interest-earning assets, inclusive of PPP loans outstanding during 2023 and 2022.

47

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023									June 30, 2022
	Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expenses(1)			Rate Earned/ Paid (1)			Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expenses (1)			Rate Earned/ Paid (1)
	(dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
Interest-earning assets
Loans (2)
Taxable	$	3,982,206		$	93,064			4.71	%	$	3,362,216		$	58,639			3.52	%
Tax-exempt		51,195			960			3.78			46,736			891			3.84
Securities available for sale (3)
Taxable		177,921			1,407			1.59			201,078			1,321			1.32
Securities held to maturity
Taxable		937,944			8,600			1.85			975,034			8,079			1.67
Tax-exempt		94,311			1,462			3.13			102,922			1,622			3.18
Cash and cash equivalents		44,074			490			2.24			97,811			96			0.20
Total interest-earning assets (4)		5,287,651			105,983			4.04	%		4,785,797			70,648			2.98	%
Non-interest-earning assets		269,531									235,499
Allowance for credit losses		(37,943	)								(34,573	)
Total assets	$	5,519,239								$	4,986,723
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’    EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits
Checking accounts	$	1,015,934		$	7,011			1.39	%	$	753,808		$	94			0.03	%
Savings accounts		697,579			2,826			0.82			911,430			358			0.08
Money market accounts		1,049,941			13,753			2.64			1,195,141			3,101			0.52
Certificates of deposit		663,020			12,394			3.77			136,545			187			0.28
Total interest-bearing deposits		3,426,474			35,984			2.12	%		2,996,924			3,740			0.25	%
Other borrowed funds		242,713			5,893			4.90			36,663			387			2.13
Total interest-bearing liabilities		3,669,187			41,877			2.30	%		3,033,587			4,127			0.27	%
Non-interest-bearing liabilities
Demand deposits		1,214,170									1,420,839
Other liabilities		113,020									95,661
Total liabilities		4,996,377									4,550,087
Shareholders’ equity		522,862									436,636
Total liabilities & shareholders’ equity	$	5,519,239								$	4,986,723
Net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent    basis					64,106									66,521
Less taxable equivalent adjustment					(509	)								(528	)
Net interest income				$	63,597								$	65,993
Net interest spread (5)								1.74	%								2.70	%
Net interest margin (6)								2.44	%								2.80	%

(1)

Annualized on a fully taxable equivalent basis calculated using a federal tax rate of 21%.

(2)

Non-accrual loans are included in average amounts outstanding.

(3)

Average balances of securities available for sale calculated utilizing amortized cost.

(4)

FHLB of Boston stock balance is excluded from interest-earning assets and dividend income is excluded from interest income.

(5)

Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets, inclusive of PPP loans outstanding during 2023 and 2022, and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(6)

Net interest margin represents net interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis as a percentage of average interest-earning assets, inclusive of PPP loans outstanding during 2023 and 2022.

48

Rate/Volume Analysis

The following table describes the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected the Company’s interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to: (i) changes attributable to changes in volumes (changes in average balance multiplied by prior year average rate) and (ii) changes attributable to changes in rate (change in average interest rate multiplied by prior year average balance), while (iii) changes attributable to the combined impact of volumes and rates have been allocated proportionately to separate volume and rate categories.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023									Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Compared with									Compared with
	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022									Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Increase/(Decrease) Due to Change in									Increase/(Decrease) Due to Change in
	Volume			Rate			Total			Volume			Rate			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest income
Loans
Taxable	$	5,609		$	11,887		$	17,496		$	12,106		$	22,319		$	34,425
Tax-exempt		43			(7	)		36			84			(15	)		69
Securities available for sale
Taxable		(85	)		107			22			(163	)		249			86
Securities held to maturity
Taxable		(376	)		322			(54	)		(316	)		837			521
Tax-exempt		(59	)		(14	)		(73	)		(134	)		(26	)		(160	)
Cash and cash equivalents		(11	)		133			122			(80	)		474			394
Total interest income	$	5,121		$	12,428		$	17,549		$	11,497		$	23,838		$	35,335
Interest expense
Deposits
Checking accounts	$	42		$	4,893		$	4,935		$	44		$	6,873		$	6,917
Savings accounts		(72	)		1,360			1,288			(103	)		2,571			2,468
Money market accounts		(350	)		6,111			5,761			(421	)		11,073			10,652
Certificates of deposit		1,310			4,902			6,212			2,852			9,355			12,207
Total interest-bearing deposits		930			17,266			18,196			2,372			29,872			32,244
Other borrowed funds		3,025			1,064			4,089			4,472			1,034			5,506
Total interest expense	$	3,955		$	18,330		$	22,285		$	6,844		$	30,906		$	37,750
Change in net interest income	$	1,166		$	(5,902	)	$	(4,736	)	$	4,653		$	(7,068	)	$	(2,415	)

Excluding the impact of merger-related loan accretion, the adjusted net interest margin for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was 2.21%, representing a 60 basis point decrease from the adjusted net interest margin of 2.81% for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expenses			Rate Earned/ Paid
	(dollars in thousands)
Total interest-earning assets (GAAP)	$	5,263,377
Net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis (GAAP)			$	29,674
Net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis (GAAP)							2.26	%
Less: Accretion of loan fair value adjustments (GAAP)				(670	)		-0.05	%
Adjusted net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis (non-GAAP)	$	5,263,377	$	29,004			2.21	%

Excluding the impact of merger-related loan accretion, the adjusted net interest margin for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was 2.39%, representing a 35 basis point decrease from the adjusted net interest margin of 2.74% for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

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	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expenses			Rate Earned/ Paid
	(dollars in thousands)
Total interest-earning assets (GAAP)	$	5,287,651
Net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis (GAAP)			$	64,106
Net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis (GAAP)							2.44	%
Less: Accretion of loan fair value adjustments (GAAP)				(1,313	)		-0.05	%
Adjusted net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis (non-GAAP)	$	5,287,651	$	62,793			2.39	%

MArket Risk and Asset Liability Management

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. The Company’s market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in its investment, borrowing, lending and deposit gathering activities, and within the Company’s wealth management operations. To that end, management actively monitors and manages its interest rate risk exposure.

The Company’s profitability is affected by fluctuations in interest rates. A sudden and substantial change in interest rates may adversely impact the Company’s earnings to the extent that the interest rates borne by assets and liabilities do not change at the same speed, to the same extent, or on the same basis. The Company monitors the impact of changes in interest rates on its net interest income using several tools.

The Company’s primary objective in managing interest rate risk is to minimize the adverse impact of changes in interest rates on the Company’s net interest income and capital, while structuring the Company’s asset-liability structure to obtain the maximum yield-cost spread on that structure. The Company relies primarily on its asset-liability structure to control interest rate risk.

Interest Rate Sensitivity. The Company actively manages its interest rate sensitivity position. The objectives of interest rate risk management are to control exposure of net interest income to risks associated with interest rate movements and to achieve sustainable growth in net interest income. Responsibility for the management of the Company’s interest rate sensitivity position falls under the authority of the Company's Board of Directors (the “Board”) which, in turn, has assigned authority for its formulation, revision and administration to the Risk Committee of the Board who reviews, approves and reports on information provided by the Investment and Asset/Liability Committee (the “ALCO”). The Company manages interest rate sensitivity by changing the mix, pricing, and re-pricing characteristics of its assets and liabilities, through the management of its investment portfolio, its offerings of loan and selected deposit terms, and through wholesale funding. Wholesale funding consists of, but is not limited to, multiple sources, including borrowings with the FHLB of Boston, the FRB of Boston, and certificates of deposit from institutional brokers.

The Company uses several tools to manage its interest rate risk including interest rate sensitivity analysis, or gap analysis, market value of portfolio equity analysis, interest rate simulations under various rate scenarios, and net interest margin reports. The results of these reports are compared to limits established by the Company’s ALCO policies and appropriate adjustments may be made if the results are outside the established limits.

The following table demonstrates the annualized result of an interest rate simulation and the estimated effect that a parallel interest rate shift, or “instantaneous shock,” in the yield curve and subjective adjustments in deposit pricing might have on the Company’s projected net interest income over the next 12 and 24 months.

As of June 30, 2023:

	Year 1	Year 2
Change in Interest Rates (in Basis Points)	Percentage Change in Net Interest Income	Percentage Change in Net Interest Income
Parallel rate shocks
+300	(0.8)	12.3
+200	(0.6)	12.0
+100	(0.2)	12.4
–100	0.5	11.9
–200	(0.4)	9.5

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The following table demonstrates the annualized result of an interest rate simulation and the estimated effect that a gradual interest rate shift in the yield curve and subjective adjustments in deposit pricing might have on the Company’s projected net interest income over the next 12 and 24 months.

As of June 30, 2023:

	Year 1	Year 2
Change in Interest Rates (in Basis Points)	Percentage Change in Net Interest Income	Percentage Change in Net Interest Income
Gradual rate shifts
+200	(0.8)	10.9
–100	(1.8)	12.7
–200	(3.8)	11.4

These simulations assume that there is no growth in interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities over the next 12 and 24 months. The changes to net interest income shown above are in compliance with the Company’s policy guidelines.

These estimates of changes in the Company’s net interest income require us to make certain assumptions including loan- and mortgage-related investment prepayment speeds, reinvestment rates, deposit cost, deposit repricing, deposit maturities and decay rates. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the Company cannot precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. Although the analysis provides an indication of the Company's interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such estimates are not intended to, and do not, provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates and will differ from actual results.

Economic Value of Equity Analysis. The Company also analyzes the sensitivity of the Bank’s financial condition to changes in interest rates through its economic value of equity model. This analysis measures the difference between estimated changes in the present value of the Bank’s assets and estimated changes in the present value of the Bank’s liabilities assuming various changes in current interest rates.

The Bank’s economic value of equity analysis as of June 30, 2023, estimated that, in the event of an instantaneous 200 basis point increase in interest rates, the Bank would experience a 15.8% decrease in the economic value of equity for the next 12 months, resulting in an economic value of equity ratio of 11.4%. This shock scenario assumes an instantaneous increase in deposit and wholesale funding rates at June 30, 2023 levels with no benefit assumed of asset repricing into a higher rate environment. At the same date, the analysis estimated that, in the event of an instantaneous 200 basis point decrease in interest rates, the Bank would experience a 11.4% increase in the economic value of equity, resulting in an economic value of equity ratio of 13.3%. This shock scenario assumes an instantaneous decrease in deposit and wholesale funding rates at June 30, 2023 levels, while assets are valued in a lower rate environment. The falling rate shocks for the economic value of equity analysis result in improved valuations as the cost to replace the Bank’s core deposits is reduced but is more than offset by the increased value of the bank’s assets.

The estimates of changes in the economic value of the Company's equity require us to make certain assumptions including loan- and mortgage-related investment prepayment speeds, reinvestment rates, deposit cost, deposit repricing, deposit maturities and decay rates. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the Company cannot precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates on the economic value of its equity. Although the economic value of equity analysis provides an indication of the Company's interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such estimates are not intended to, and do not, provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on the economic value of the Company's equity and will differ from actual results.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices. The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP generally requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without consideration of changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of operations. Unlike industrial companies, the Company's assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature. As a result, generally speaking, changes in market interest rates have a greater impact on performance than the effects of inflation.

Liquidity. Liquidity is defined as the Company’s ability to generate adequate cash to meet its needs for day-to-day operations and material long- and short-term commitments. Liquidity risk is the risk of potential loss if the Company were unable to meet its funding requirements at a reasonable cost. The Company manages its liquidity based on demand and specific events and uncertainties to meet

51

current and future financial and contractual obligations of a short-term nature. The Company’s objective in managing liquidity is to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers, as well as increase to earnings enhancement opportunities in a changing marketplace.

The Company’s liquidity position is managed on a daily basis as part of the daily settlement function and continuously as part of the formal asset liability management process. The Bank’s liquidity is maintained by managing its core deposits as the primary source, selling investment securities, selling loans in the secondary market, borrowing from the FHLB of Boston and FRB of Boston, entering into repurchase agreements, and purchasing wholesale certificates of deposit as its secondary sources. At June 30, 2023, the Company had access to funds totaling $2.61 billion, inclusive of approximately $177.3 million estimated availability as part of the FRB’s BTFP.

The sources of funds for dividends paid by the Company are dividends received from the Bank and liquid funds held by the Company. The Company and the Bank are regulated enterprises and their abilities to pay dividends are subject to regulatory review and restriction. Certain regulatory and statutory restrictions exist regarding dividends, loans, and advances from the Bank to the Company. Generally, the Bank has the ability to pay dividends to the Company subject to minimum regulatory capital requirements.

Quarterly, the Risk Committee reviews the Company’s liquidity needs and reports any findings (if required) to the Board.

Capital Adequacy. Total shareholders’ equity was $527.0 million at June 30, 2023, as compared to $517.6 million at December 31, 2022. The Company’s equity increased primarily due to net income of $19.5 million, partially offset by dividend payments of $10.5 million. Based on past performance and current expectations, the Company believes that cash from operations, cash, cash equivalents, investments, and other sources of liquidity will satisfy its currently anticipated working capital needs, capital expenditures, and other liquidity requirements associated with its operations through the next 12 months and the reasonably foreseeable future.

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements. As of June 30, 2023, the Company and the Bank exceeded the regulatory minimum levels to be considered “well-capitalized.” See Note 13 - Shareholders’ equity to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of regulatory capital requirements.

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its clients. These financial instruments primarily include commitments to originate and sell loans, standby letters of credit, unused lines of credit, and unadvanced portions of construction loans. The instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheet. The contract or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Company has in these particular classes of financial instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for loan commitments, standby letters of credit and unadvanced portions of construction loans is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements. The Company's significant off-balance-sheet arrangements consist of the following:

•

commitments to originate and sell loans,

•

standby and commercial letters of credit,

•

unused lines of credit,

•

unadvanced portions of construction loans,

•

unadvanced portions of other loans,

•

loan related derivatives, and

•

risk participation agreements.

Off-balance-sheet arrangements are more fully discussed within Note 11 – Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk. to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

52

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

The information required by this item is included in Item 2 of this report under “Market Risk and Asset Liability Management.”

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of June 30, 2023, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2023 for recording, processing, summarizing, and reporting the information the Company is required to disclose in the reports it files under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

The effectiveness of a system of disclosure controls and procedures is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the soundness of the Company's systems, the possibility of human error, and the risk of fraud. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and the risk that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate over time. Due to such inherent limitations, there can be no assurance that any system of disclosure controls and procedures will be successful in preventing all errors or fraud or in making all material information known in a timely manner to the appropriate levels of management.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, there were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries may be parties to various claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of their normal business activities. Although the ultimate outcome of these suits, if any, cannot be ascertained at this time, it is the opinion of management that none of these matters, even if it resolved adversely to the Company, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position. The Company is not currently party to any material pending legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

For a discussion of the potential risks and uncertainties, please refer to the “Risk Factors” sections in the 2022 Annual Report and the Quarterly Report on Form for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023 (the “Prior Form 10-Q”), filed with the SEC on May 4, 2023, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Aside from the following risk factors, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2022 Annual Report and the Prior Form 10-Q.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following table sets forth the information regarding the Company’s repurchases of its common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2023:

	Total Number of Shares Repurchased (1)		Weighted Average Price Paid Per Share
Period
April 1 to April 30, 2023		—	$	—
May 1 to May 31, 2023		225	$	51.44
June 1 to June 30, 2023		—	$	—
Total		225

(1)

Shares repurchased by the Company relate to shares tendered by employees to pay their income tax liability on current period RSA, RSU, or PRSU vestings.

On March 14, 2023, the Board authorized a share repurchase program (the “2023 Repurchase Program”) to acquire from time to time up to 5.0% of the total number of outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock as of December 31, 2022, with such purchases occurring prior to March 13, 2024, provided that the aggregate purchase price does not exceed $32.4 million. The timing and amount of any shares of the Company’s common stock repurchased under the 2023 Repurchase Program will be determined by the Company’s management based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors. The 2022 Repurchase Program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The 2023 Repurchase Program replaces the 2022 Repurchase Program which expired on March 14, 2023. The Company did not repurchase any shares under its Repurchase Program during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 1-b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

54

Item 6. Exhibits.

Furnish the exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.601 of this chapter).

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	The cover page for the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, has been formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

* Filed herewith.

55

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	CAMBRIDGE BANCORP
August 3, 2023	By:	/s/ Denis K. Sheahan
		Denis K. Sheahan
		Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
August 3, 2023
	By:	/s/ Joseph P. Sapienza
		Joseph P. Sapienza
		Interim Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

56