Non-interest expense was $15.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $15.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 2.6%. Most significantly impacting non-interest expense in the comparative nine month periods were increases of $356,000 in salary expense due to annual salary increases and overtime pay from the core conversion in the first quarter of 2024, as well as increases of $124,000 in equipment expense and $196,000 in professional fees, primarily due to an increase in audit expenses. These increases were partially offset by decreases of $180,000 in employee benefits expense, due to a decline in medical claims expense, and $227,000 recorded in the 2023 period due to the merger and acquisition expense incurred in connection with the Path Valley branch acquisition.
An income tax provision of $767,000 was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to an income tax provision of $708,000 recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Juniata qualifies for a federal tax credit for investments in low-income housing partnerships. The tax credit decreased from $284,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $247,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to the completion of the amortization period for one of Juniata’s low-income housing partnership investments in January 2023.
Financial Results for the Quarter
Annualized return on average assets for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was 0.76%, a decrease of 10.6%, compared to 0.85% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Annualized return on average equity for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was 14.72%, a decrease of 25.7%, compared to 19.81% for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Net interest income was $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $5.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Average earning assets increased $11.2 million, or 1.3%, to $853.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to an increase of $30.2 million, or 5.9%, in average loans, partially offset by a decline of $19.9 million, or 6.1%, in average investment securities due primarily to principal paydowns on the mortgage-backed securities portfolio. Average interest bearing liabilities increased by $7.6 million, or 1.3%, compared to the corresponding 2023 period, primarily due to increases in average time deposits, repurchase agreements and short-term borrowings. The yield on earning assets increased 39 basis points, to 4.41%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to same period in 2023, while the cost to fund interest earning assets with interest bearing liabilities increased 51 basis points, to 2.38%. The net interest margin, on a fully tax equivalent basis, increased from 2.71% during the three months ended September 30, 2023, to 2.73% during the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Juniata recorded a provision for credit losses of $232,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to a provision for credit losses of $121,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the 2024 period, this increase was due primarily to an updated loss driver analysis for the allowance for credit losses calculation and not a result of deteriorated asset quality, which remains strong.
Non-interest income was $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of 11.1%, compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Most significantly impacting non-interest income in the comparative three month periods were increases of $117,000 in customer service fees and $84,000 in the change in value of equity securities. Partially offsetting these increases in the comparative three month periods was a decrease of $35,000 in fees derived from loan activity primarily due to decreases in title insurance commissions and the derivative credit adjustment.
Non-interest expense was $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 7.2%. Most significantly impacting non-interest expense in the comparative three month periods was an increase of $126,000 in employee benefits expense, due primarily to an increase in medical claims expenses, as well as an increase of $86,000 in both equipment expenses and professional fees. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $47,000 in the provision for unfunded commitments during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023.
An income tax provision of $270,000 was recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to an income tax provision of $310,000 recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2023.