10. Stock-Based Compensation
First Charter Comprehensive Stock Option Plan.In April 1992, the Corporation’s shareholders approved the First Charter Corporation Comprehensive Stock Option Plan (“Comprehensive Stock Option Plan”). Under the terms of the Comprehensive Stock Option Plan, stock options (which can be incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options) may be periodically granted to key employees of the Corporation or its subsidiaries. The terms and vesting schedules of options granted under the Comprehensive Stock Option Plan generally are determined by the Compensation Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors (“Compensation Committee”). However, no options may be exercisable prior to six months following the grant date, and certain additional restrictions, including the term and exercise price, apply with respect to any incentive stock options. Under the Comprehensive Stock Option Plan, 480,000 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, no shares were issued under this plan.
First Charter Corporation Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors.In April 1997, the Corporation’s shareholders approved the First Charter Corporation Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (“Director Plan”). Under the Director Plan, non-statutory stock options may be granted to non-employee Directors of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. The terms and vesting schedules of any options granted under the Director Plan generally are determined by the Compensation Committee. The exercise price for each option granted, however, is the fair value of the common stock as of the date of grant. A maximum of 180,000 shares are reserved for issuance under the Director Plan. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, no shares were issued under this plan.
2000 Omnibus Stock Option and Award Plan.In June 2000, the Corporation’s shareholders approved the First Charter Corporation 2000 Omnibus Stock Option and Award Plan (the “2000 Omnibus Plan”). Under the 2000 Omnibus Plan, 2.0 million shares of common stock were originally reserved for issuance. In April of 2005, the shareholders approved an amendment to the 2000 Omnibus Plan, authorizing an additional 1.5 million shares for issuance, for a total of 3.5 million shares. The 2000 Omnibus Plan permits the granting of stock options and nonvested shares to Directors and key employees. Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Corporation’s common stock at the date of grant; those stock option awards generally vest ratably over five years and have a 10-year contractual term. Nonvested shares are generally granted at a value equal to the market price of the Corporation’s common stock at the date of grant and vesting is based on either service or performance conditions. Service-based nonvested shares generally vest over three years. Performance-based nonvested shares are earned over three years upon meeting various performance goals as approved by the Compensation Committee, including cash return on equity, targeted charge-off levels, and earnings per share growth as measured against a group of selected peer companies. During the three months ended June 30, 2007, no shares were issued under this plan. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, 71,500 stock options, 21,000 service-based nonvested shares, and 54,600 performance-based nonvested shares were issued under this plan.
Restricted Stock Award Program.In April 1995, the Corporation’s shareholders approved the First Charter Corporation Restricted Stock Award Program (the “Restricted Stock Plan”). Awards of restricted stock (nonvested shares) may be made under the Restricted Stock Plan at the discretion of the Compensation Committee to key employees. Nonvested shares are granted at a value equal to the market price of the Corporation’s common stock at the date of grant and generally vest based on either three or five years of service. Under the Restricted Stock Plan, a maximum of 360,000 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, there were 18,732 and 89,935 service-based nonvested shares issued under this plan, respectively.
19
Stock-based compensation costs totaled $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007, which consisted of $32,000 related to stock options, $736,000 related to service-based nonvested shares, and $232,000 related to performance-based nonvested shares. For the six months ended June 30, 2007, stock-based compensation costs totaled $1.8 million, which consisted of $82,000 related to stock options, $1.3 million related to service-based nonvested shares, and $446,000 related to performance-based nonvested shares.
Stock-based compensation costs totaled $555,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2006, which consisted of $202,000 related to stock options, $246,000 related to service-based nonvested shares, and $107,000 related to performance-based nonvested shares. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, stock-based compensation costs totaled $1.1 million, which consisted of $481,000 related to stock options, $373,000 related to service-based nonvested shares, and $214,000 related to performance-based nonvested shares.
The fair value of each stock option award is estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following weighted-average assumptions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30 | | June 30 |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
|
Expected volatility | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 22.4 | % | | | 25.0 | % |
Expected dividend yield | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 3.2 | | | | 3.2 | |
Risk-free interest rate | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 4.8 | | | | 3.9 | |
Expected term (in years) | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 8.0 | | | | 7.0 | |
|
The Black-Scholes model incorporates assumptions to value stock-based awards. The risk-free rate of interest for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on a U.S. government instrument over the contractual term of the equity instrument. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Corporation’s stock.
Stock option activity under the Comprehensive Stock Option Plan, the Director Plan, and the 2000 Omnibus Plan at and for the six months ended June 30, 2007, follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | Weighted- | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Average | | |
| | | | | | Weighted- | | Remaining | | |
| | | | | | Average | | Contractual | | Aggregate |
| | | | | | Exercise | | Term | | Intrinsic |
| | Shares | | Price | | (in years) | | Value |
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2007 | | | 1,497,619 | | | $ | 20.57 | | | | | | | | | |
Granted | | | 71,500 | | | | 24.46 | | | | | | | | | |
Exercised | | | (56,960 | ) | | | 18.98 | | | | | | | $ | 297,893 | |
Forfeited or expired | | | (204,906 | ) | | | 25.79 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Outstanding at March 31, 2007 | | | 1,307,253 | | | $ | 20.03 | | | | 5.5 | | | $ | 3,093,754 | |
|
Exercisable at March 31, 2007 | | | 1,187,673 | | | $ | 19.62 | | | | 5.1 | | | $ | 3,093,754 | |
|
Weighted-average Black-Scholes fair value of options granted during the period | | | | | | $ | 5.63 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Outstanding at March 31, 2007 | | | 1,307,253 | | | $ | 20.03 | | | | | | | | | |
Granted | | | — | | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
Exercised | | | (60,338 | ) | | | 17.75 | | | | | | | $ | 239,159 | |
Forfeited or expired | | | (22,878 | ) | | | 22.76 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Outstanding at June 30, 2007 | | | 1,224,037 | | | $ | 20.09 | | | | 5.3 | | | $ | 1,501,676 | |
|
Exercisable at June 30, 2007 | | | 1,104,457 | | | $ | 19.65 | | | | 5.1 | | | $ | 1,501,676 | |
|
Weighted-average Black-Scholes fair value of options granted during the period | | | | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | |
|
20
No options were granted during the three months ended June 30, 2006. The weighted-average Black-Scholes fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2006, was $5.85, and the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $604,000 and $1.5 million, respectively.
Nonvested share activity under the Omnibus Plan and the Restricted Stock Plan at and for the six months ended June 30, 2007 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Service-Based | | Performance-Based |
| | | | | | Weighted- | | | | | | Weighted- |
| | | | | | Average | | | | | | Average |
| | | | | | Grant Date | | | | | | Grant Date |
| | Shares | | Fair Value | | Shares | | Fair Value |
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2007 | | | 215,663 | | | $ | 24.00 | | | | 52,100 | | | $ | 21.91 | |
Granted | | | 92,203 | | | | 24.34 | | | | 54,600 | | | | 22.70 | |
Vested | | | (5,342 | ) | | | 23.66 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Forfeited or expired | | | (13,262 | ) | | | 23.81 | | | | — | | | | — | |
|
Outstanding at March 31, 2007 | | | 289,262 | | | $ | 24.14 | | | | 106,700 | | | $ | 22.31 | |
Granted | | | 18,732 | | | | 20.64 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Vested | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,967 | ) | | | 22.13 | |
Forfeited or expired | | | (4,666 | ) | | | 23.88 | | | | (9,333 | ) | | | 22.41 | |
|
Outstanding at June 30, 2007 | | | 303,328 | | | $ | 23.92 | | | | 91,400 | | | $ | 22.32 | |
|
As of June 30, 2007, there was approximately $5.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to service-based nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Omnibus Plan and the Restricted Stock Plan. This cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.3 years. No share-based awards vested during the three months ended June 30, 2007. The total fair value of share-based awards that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2007, was $126,000.
As of June 30, 2007, there was $1.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to performance-based nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Omnibus Plan. This cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
The following table provides certain information about stock options outstanding at June 30, 2007:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Outstanding Options | | Options Exercisable |
| | | | | | Weighted-Average | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Remaining | | Weighted- | | | | | | Weighted- |
| | Number | | Contractual | | Average | | Number | | Average |
Range of Exercise Prices | | Outstanding | | Life (in years) | | Exercise Price | | Exercisable | | Exercise Price |
|
$5.01-10.00 | | | 3,400 | | | | 2.2 | | | $ | 9.04 | | | | 3,400 | | | $ | 9.04 | |
10.01 - 12.50 | | | 18,702 | | | | 1.5 | | | | 11.63 | | | | 18,702 | | | | 11.63 | |
12.51 - 15.00 | | | 63,160 | | | | 2.5 | | | | 14.43 | | | | 63,160 | | | | 14.43 | |
15.01 - 17.50 | | | 256,537 | | | | 4.0 | | | | 16.62 | | | | 256,537 | | | | 16.62 | |
17.51 - 20.00 | | | 262,845 | | | | 4.4 | | | | 18.44 | | | | 262,845 | | | | 18.44 | |
20.01 - 22.50 | | | 167,814 | | | | 6.4 | | | | 20.78 | | | | 167,814 | | | | 20.78 | |
22.51 - 25.00 | | | 422,514 | | | | 7.1 | | | | 23.83 | | | | 302,934 | | | | 23.71 | |
25.01 - 27.50 | | | 29,065 | | | | 2.7 | | | | 26.35 | | | | 29,065 | | | | 26.35 | |
|
Total | | | 1,224,037 | | | | 5.3 | | | $ | 20.09 | | | | 1,104,457 | | | $ | 19.65 | |
|
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11. Other Borrowings
A summary of other borrowings follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | June 30, 2007 | | December 31, 2006 |
| | | | | | Weighted- | | | | | | Weighted- |
| | | | | | Average | | | | | | Average |
| | | | | | Contractual | | | | | | Contractual |
(In thousands) | | Balance | | Rate | | Balance | | Rate |
|
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | $ | 216,152 | | | | 4.71 | % | | $ | 201,713 | | | | 4.60 | % |
Commercial paper | | | 77,844 | | | | 2.71 | | | | 38,191 | | | | 2.72 | |
Other short-term borrowings | | | 265,000 | | | | 5.30 | | | | 371,000 | | | | 5.35 | |
Long-term debt | | | 617,762 | | | | 5.13 | | | | 487,794 | | | | 4.79 | |
|
Total other borrowings | | $ | 1,176,758 | | | | 4.93 | % | | $ | 1,098,698 | | | | 4.87 | % |
|
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase represent short-term borrowings by the banking subsidiaries with maturities less than one year collateralized by a portion of the Corporation’s securities of the United States government or its agencies, which have been delivered to a third-party custodian for safekeeping. Securities with an aggregate carrying value of $194.2 million and $214.9 million at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, were pledged to secure securities sold under agreements to repurchase.
Federal funds purchased represent unsecured overnight borrowings from other financial institutions by the banking subsidiaries. At June 30, 2007, the Bank had federal funds back-up lines of credit totaling $363.0 million with $88.0 million outstanding. At December 31, 2006, the Bank had federal funds backup lines of credit totaling $188.2 million with $41.5 million outstanding.
The Corporation issues commercial paper as another source of short-term funding. It is purchased primarily by the Bank’s commercial clients. Commercial paper outstanding at June 30, 2007 was $77.8 million, compared to $38.2 million at December 31, 2006.
Other short-term borrowings consist of the FHLB borrowings with an original maturity of one year or less. FHLB borrowings are collateralized by securities from the Corporation’s investment portfolio, and a blanket lien on certain qualifying commercial and single-family loans held in the Corporation’s loan portfolio. At June 30, 2007, the Bank had $265.0 million of short-term FHLB borrowings, compared to $371.0 million at December 31, 2006.
Long-term borrowings represent FHLB borrowings with original maturities greater than one year and subordinated debentures related to trust preferred securities. At June 30, 2007, the Bank had $555.9 million of long-term FHLB borrowings, compared to $425.9 million at December 31, 2006. In addition, the Corporation had $61.9 million of outstanding subordinated debentures at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006.
The Corporation formed First Charter Capital Trust I and First Charter Capital Trust II, in June 2005 and September 2005, respectively; both are wholly-owned business trusts. First Charter Capital Trust I and First Charter Capital Trust II issued $35.0 million and $25.0 million, respectively, of trust preferred securities that were sold to third parties. The proceeds of the sale of the trust preferred securities were used to purchase the subordinated debentures (the “Notes”) discussed above from the Corporation, which are presented as long-term borrowings in the consolidated balance sheet and qualify for inclusion in Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes, subject to certain limitations.
22
The following table is a summary of the Corporation’s outstanding trust preferred securities and Notes as of June 30, 2007.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in thousands) |
| | | | Aggregate | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Principal | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Amount of | | Aggregate | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Trust | | Principal | | Stated | | Per Annum | | Interest | | |
| | | | Preferred | | Amount of | | Maturity of | | Interest Rate | | Payment | | Redemption |
Issuer | | Issuance Date | | Securities | | the Notes | | the Notes | | of the Notes | | Dates | | Period |
|
Capital Trust I | | June 2005 | | $ | 35,000 | | | $ | 36,083 | | | September 2035 | | 3 mo. LIBOR + 169 bps | | 3/15, 6/15, 9/15, 12/15 | | On or after 9/15/2010 |
Capital Trust II | | September 2005 | | | 25,000 | | | | 25,774 | | | December 2035 | | 3 mo. LIBOR + 142 bps | | 3/15, 6/15, 9/15, 12/15 | | On or after 12/15/2010 |
|
Total | | | | $ | 60,000 | | | $ | 61,857 | | | | | | | | | |
|
12. Commitments, Contingencies, and Off-Balance-Sheet Risk
Commitments and Off-Balance-Sheet Risk. The Corporation is party to various financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer so long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates and may require collateral from the borrower if deemed necessary by the Corporation. Included in loan commitments are commitments to cover customer deposit account overdrafts should they occur. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Corporation to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party up to a stipulated amount and with specified terms and conditions. Standby letters of credit are recorded as a liability by the Corporation at the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. The fair value and carrying value at June 30, 2007, of standby letters of credit issued or modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 was immaterial. Commitments to extend credit are not recorded as an asset or liability by the Corporation until the instrument is exercised. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for instruments reflected in the consolidated financial statements. The creditworthiness of each customer is evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
The Corporation’s maximum exposure is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Less than | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Timing not | | |
(In thousands) | | 1 year | | 1-3 Years | | 4-5 Years | | Over 5 Years | | determinable | | Total |
|
Loan commitments | | $ | 703,813 | | | $ | 118,172 | | | $ | 42,662 | | | $ | 59,637 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 924,284 | |
Lines of credit | | | 31,390 | | | | 1,639 | | | | 2,921 | | | | 455,613 | | | | — | | | | 491,563 | |
Standby letters of credit | | | 22,920 | | | | 3,548 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 26,468 | |
Anticipated tax settlements | | | 584 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,551 | | | | 11,135 | |
|
Total commitments | | $ | 758,707 | | | $ | 123,359 | | | $ | 45,583 | | | $ | 515,250 | | | $ | 10,551 | | | $ | 1,453,450 | |
|
Contingencies. The Corporation is under examination by the North Carolina Department of Revenue for tax years 1999 through 2004 and is subject to examination for subsequent tax years. Additional information regarding the examination is included inNote 2.
The Corporation and the Bank are defendants in certain claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate disposition of these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated operations, liquidity, or financial position of the Corporation or the Bank.
23
13. Regulatory Restrictions and Capital Ratios
The Corporation and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by bank regulatory agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Corporation’s financial position and operations. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Corporation and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Corporation and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of Total and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier I capital (as defined) to adjusted average assets (as defined). Management believes, as of June 30, 2007, that the Corporation and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
The Corporation’s and the Bank’s various regulators have issued regulatory capital requirements for U.S. banking organizations. Failure to meet the capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and discretionary actions by regulators that could have a material effect on the Corporation’s financial statements. At June 30, 2007, the Corporation and the Bank were classified as “well capitalized” under these regulatory frameworks. In the judgment of management, there have been no events or conditions since June 30, 2007, which would change the “well capitalized” status of the Corporation or the Bank.
The Corporation’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios follow:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | For Capital | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Adequacy Purposes | | To Be Well Capitalized |
| | Actual | | | | | | | | | | Minimum | | | | | | Minimum |
(Dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio |
|
At June 30, 2007: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leverage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 430,373 | | | | 8.97 | % | | $ | 192,023 | | | | 4.00 | % | | None | | None |
First Charter Bank | | | 411,177 | | | | 8.57 | | | | 191,914 | | | | 4.00 | | | $ | 239,893 | | | | 5.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tier I Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 430,373 | | | | 10.57 | % | | $ | 162,932 | | | | 4.00 | % | | None | | None |
First Charter Bank | | | 411,177 | | | | 10.10 | | | | 162,782 | | | | 4.00 | | | $ | 244,174 | | | | 6.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Risk-Based Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 475,358 | | | | 11.67 | % | | $ | 325,863 | | | | 8.00 | % | | None | | None |
First Charter Bank | | | 455,967 | | | | 11.20 | | | | 325,565 | | | | 8.00 | | | $ | 406,956 | | | | 10.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At December 31, 2006: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leverage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 428,135 | | | | 9.32 | % | | $ | 183,678 | | | | 4.00 | % | | None | | None |
First Charter Bank | | | 362,970 | | | | 8.36 | | | | 173,591 | | | | 4.00 | | | $ | 216,988 | | | | 5.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tier I Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 428,135 | | | | 10.53 | % | | $ | 162,614 | | | | 4.00 | % | | None | | None |
First Charter Bank | | | 362,970 | | | | 9.99 | | | | 145,275 | | | | 4.00 | | | $ | 217,913 | | | | 6.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Risk-Based Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 463,273 | | | | 11.40 | % | | $ | 325,228 | | | | 8.00 | % | | None | | None |
First Charter Bank | | | 393,664 | | | | 10.84 | | | | 290,550 | | | | 8.00 | | | $ | 363,188 | | | | 10.00 | % |
|
24
Tier 1 capital consists of total equity plus qualifying capital securities and minority interests, less unrealized gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive income, certain intangible assets, and adjustments related to the valuation of servicing assets and certain equity investments in nonfinancial companies (equity method investments).
The leverage ratio reflects Tier 1 capital divided by average total assets for the period. Average assets used in the calculation exclude certain intangible and servicing assets.
Total risk-based capital is comprised of Tier 1 capital plus qualifying subordinated debt and allowance for loan losses and a portion of unrealized gains on certain equity securities.
Both the Tier 1 and the total risk-based capital ratios are computed by dividing the respective capital amounts by risk-weighted assets, as defined.
The Corporation from time to time is required to maintain noninterest bearing reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank. The required reserve was $1.0 million at June 30, 2007.
Under current Federal Reserve regulations, a bank subsidiary is limited in the amount it may loan to its parent company and nonbank subsidiaries. Loans to a single affiliate may not exceed 10 percent and loans to all affiliates may not exceed 20 percent of the Bank’s capital stock, surplus, and undivided profits, plus the allowance for loan losses. Loans from the Bank to nonbank affiliates, including the parent company, are also required to be collateralized.
The primary source of funds available to the Corporation is the payment of dividends from the Bank. Dividends paid by a subsidiary bank to its parent company are also subject to certain legal and regulatory limitations.
14. Subsequent Event
On July 31, 2007, the General Assembly of North Carolina passed House Bill 1473 which includes a provision that disallows the deduction of dividends paid by captive real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) for the purposes of determining North Carolina taxable income. The Corporation, through its subsidiaries, participates in two entities classified as captive REITs from which the Corporation has historically received dividends which resulted in certain tax benefits taken within the Corporation’s tax returns and consolidated financial statements. This legislation is effective for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2007.
The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact that this legislation will have on the Corporation’s current and prior tax filings, as well as the related financial statement impact to the Corporation’s effective tax rate and uncertain tax positions. Assuming the legislation eliminates the deductibility of the REIT dividends for North Carolina state income tax purposes, the Corporation expects an increase in its effective tax rate for 2007 and subsequent fiscal years.
15. Business Segment Information
The Corporation operates one reportable segment, the Bank, the Corporation’s primary banking subsidiary. The Bank provides businesses and individuals with commercial, consumer and mortgage loans, deposit banking services, brokerage services, insurance products, and comprehensive financial planning solutions. The results of the Bank’s operations constitute a substantial majority of the consolidated net income, revenue and assets of the Corporation. Intercompany transactions and the Corporation’s revenue, expenses, assets (including cash, investment securities, and investments in venture capital limited partnerships) and liabilities (including commercial paper and subordinated debentures) are included in the “Other” category.
25
Information regarding the separate results of operations and assets for the Bank and Other for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Three Months Ended |
| | June 30, 2007 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Consolidated |
(In thousands) | | The Bank | | Other | | Eliminations | | Total |
|
Interest income | | $ | 78,280 | | | $ | 11 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 78,291 | |
Interest expense | | | 39,520 | | | | 1,227 | | | | — | | | | 40,747 | |
|
Net interest income (expense) | | | 38,760 | | | | (1,216 | ) | | | — | | | | 37,544 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 9,124 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,124 | |
Noninterest income | | | 20,109 | | | | 32 | | | | — | | | | 20,141 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 34,951 | | | | 256 | | | | — | | | | 35,207 | |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before | | | 14,794 | | | | (1,440 | ) | | | — | | | | 13,354 | |
income tax expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | 4,886 | | | | (482 | ) | | | — | | | | 4,404 | |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | 9,908 | | | $ | (958 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 8,950 | |
|
Average loans | | $ | 3,543,840 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,543,840 | |
Average assets | | | 4,861,455 | | | | 537,631 | | | | (524,344 | ) | | | 4,874,742 | |
Total assets | | | 4,898,290 | | | | 589,514 | | | | (571,083 | ) | | | 4,916,721 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Three Months Ended |
| | June 30, 2006 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Consolidated |
(In thousands) | | The Bank | | Other | | Eliminations | | Total |
|
Interest income | | $ | 63,653 | | | $ | 89 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 63,742 | |
Interest expense | | | 29,935 | | | | 1,160 | | | | — | | | | 31,095 | |
|
Net interest income (expense) | | | 33,718 | | | | (1,071 | ) | | | — | | | | 32,647 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 880 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 880 | |
Noninterest income (loss) | | | 16,301 | | | | (9 | ) | | | — | | | | 16,292 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 30,649 | | | | 39 | | | | — | | | | 30,688 | |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before | | | 18,490 | | | | (1,119 | ) | | | — | | | | 17,371 | |
income tax expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | 6,329 | | | | (383 | ) | | | — | | | | 5,946 | |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax | | | 12,161 | | | | (736 | ) | | | — | | | | 11,425 | |
Discontinued operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from discontinued operations | | | 50 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 50 | |
Income tax expense | | | 20 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 20 | |
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | | | 30 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 30 | |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | 12,191 | | | $ | (736 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 11,455 | |
|
Average loans | | $ | 3,030,815 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,030,815 | |
Average assets of continuing operations | | | 4,251,761 | | | | 417,805 | | | | (397,703 | ) | | | 4,271,863 | |
Average assets of discontinued operations | | | 2,482 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,482 | |
Total assets of continuing operations | | | 4,332,140 | | | | 443,647 | | | | (417,139 | ) | | | 4,358,648 | |
Total assets of discontinued operations | | | 2,583 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,583 | |
|
26
Information regarding the separate results of operations and assets for the Bank and Other for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30, 2007 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Consolidated |
(In thousands) | | The Bank | | Other | | Eliminations | | Total |
|
Interest income | | $ | 155,412 | | | $ | 93 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 155,505 | |
Interest expense | | | 78,742 | | | | 2,484 | | | | — | | | | 81,226 | |
|
Net interest income (expense) | | | 76,670 | | | | (2,391 | ) | | | — | | | | 74,279 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 10,490 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,490 | |
Noninterest income | | | 39,567 | | | | 140 | | | | — | | | | 39,707 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 70,661 | | | | 466 | | | | — | | | | 71,127 | |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense | | | 35,086 | | | | (2,717 | ) | | | — | | | | 32,369 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | 11,992 | | | | (929 | ) | | | — | | | | 11,063 | |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | 23,094 | | | $ | (1,788 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 21,306 | |
|
Average loans | | $ | 3,532,915 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,532,915 | |
Average assets | | | 4,858,766 | | | | 539,157 | | | | (525,001 | ) | | | 4,872,922 | |
Total assets | | | 4,898,290 | | | | 589,514 | | | | (571,083 | ) | | | 4,916,721 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30, 2006 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Consolidated |
(In thousands) | | The Bank | | Other | | Eliminations | | Total |
|
Interest income | | $ | 123,281 | | | $ | 107 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 123,388 | |
Interest expense | | | 56,411 | | | | 2,240 | | | | — | | | | 58,651 | |
|
Net interest income (expense) | | | 66,870 | | | | (2,133 | ) | | | — | | | | 64,737 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 2,399 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,399 | |
Noninterest income | | | 33,204 | | | | 79 | | | | — | | | | 33,283 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 61,327 | | | | 102 | | | | — | | | | 61,429 | |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense | | | 36,348 | | | | (2,156 | ) | | | — | | | | 34,192 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | 12,348 | | | | (734 | ) | | | — | | | | 11,614 | |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax | | | 24,000 | | | | (1,422 | ) | | | — | | | | 22,578 | |
Discontinued operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from discontinued operations | | | 198 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 198 | |
Income tax expense | | | 78 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 78 | |
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | | | 120 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 120 | |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | 24,120 | | | $ | (1,422 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 22,698 | |
|
Average loans | | $ | 2,988,596 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,988,596 | |
Average assets of continuing operations | | | 4,217,951 | | | | 417,950 | | | | (400,284 | ) | | | 4,235,617 | |
Average assets of discontinued operations | | | 2,511 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,511 | |
Total assets of continuing operations | | | 4,332,140 | | | | 443,647 | | | | (417,139 | ) | | | 4,358,648 | |
Total assets of discontinued operations | | | 2,583 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,583 | |
|
27
Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Factors that May Affect Future Results
The following discussion contains certain forward-looking statements about the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations, which are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s judgment only as of the date hereof. The Corporation undertakes no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events and circumstances that arise after the date hereof.
Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward- looking statements, and which may be beyond the Corporation’s control, include, among others, the following possibilities: (i) projected results in connection with management’s implementation of, or changes in, the Corporation’s business plan and strategic initiatives, including the Corporation’s various balance sheet initiatives; (ii) competitive pressure among financial services companies increases significantly; (iii) costs or difficulties related to the integration of acquisitions, including deposit attrition, customer retention and revenue loss, or expenses in general are greater than expected; (iv) general economic conditions, in the markets in which the Corporation does business, are less favorable than expected; (v) risks inherent in making loans, including repayment risks and risks associated with collateral values, are greater than expected, including the Penland loans described herein; (vi) changes in the interest rate environment, or interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, may reduce interest margins and affect funding sources; (vii) changes in market rates and prices may adversely affect the value of financial products; (viii) legislation or regulatory requirements or changes thereto, including changes in accounting standards, may adversely affect the businesses in which the Corporation is engaged; (ix) regulatory compliance cost increases are greater than expected; (x) the passage of future tax legislation, or any negative regulatory, administrative or judicial position, may adversely impact the Corporation; (xi) the Corporation’s competitors may have greater financial resources and may develop products that enable them to compete more successfully in the markets in which the Corporation operates; (xii) changes in the securities markets, including changes in interest rates, may adversely affect the Corporation’s ability to raise capital from time to time; (xiii) the material weaknesses in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting result in subsequent adjustments to management’s projected results; and (xiv) implementation of management’s plans to remediate the material weaknesses takes longer than expected and causes the Corporation to incur costs that are greater than expected.
First Charter Corporation (NASDAQ: FCTR) (hereinafter referred to as “First Charter,” the “Corporation,” or the “Registrant”), headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, is a regional financial services company with assets of $4.9 billion and is the holding company for First Charter Bank (the “Bank”). As of June 30, 2007, First Charter operated 58 financial centers, four insurance offices, and 138 ATMs throughout North Carolina and Georgia, and also operates loan origination offices in Asheville, North Carolina and Reston, Virginia. First Charter provides businesses and individuals with a broad range of financial services, including banking, financial planning, wealth management, investments, insurance, and mortgages. The results of operations of the Bank constitute the substantial majority of the consolidated net income, revenue, and assets of the Corporation.
The Corporation’s principal source of earnings is derived from net interest income. Net interest income is the interest earned on securities, loans, and other interest-earning assets less the interest paid for deposits and short- and long-term debt.
28
Another source of earnings for the Corporation is noninterest income. Noninterest income is derived largely from service charges on deposit accounts and other fee or commission-based services and products, including mortgage, wealth management, brokerage, and insurance. Other sources of noninterest income include securities gains or losses, gains from Small Business Administration loan sales, transactions involving bank-owned property, and income from Bank Owned Life Insurance (“BOLI”) policies.
Noninterest expense is the primary component of expense for the Corporation. Noninterest expense is primarily composed of corporate operating expenses, including salaries and benefits, occupancy and equipment, professional fees, and other operating expense. The provision for loan losses and income taxes are also considered material expenses.
The Community-Banking Model
The Bank follows a community-banking model. The community-banking model is focused on delivering a broad array of financial products and solutions to our clients with exceptional service and convenience at a fair price. It emphasizes local market decision-making and management whenever possible. Management believes this model works well against larger competitors that may have less flexibility, as well as local competition that may not have the array of products and services that the Bank offers. The Bank competes against four of the largest banks in the country, as well as other local banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, and finance companies. Management believes that by focusing on core values, striving to exceed our clients’ expectations, being an employer of choice and providing exceptional value to shareholders, the Corporation can achieve the profitability and growth goals it has set for itself.
Market Expansion
First Charter expanded into the Raleigh, North Carolina market with the opening of ade novo financial center in October 2005 and three additionalde novofinancial centers in mid-February, 2006. A fifthde novofinancial center opened in Raleigh in late-January 2007.
On November 1, 2006, the Corporation entered the greater Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan market with the acquisition of GBC Bancorp, Inc. (“GBC”) and its banking subsidiary, Gwinnett Banking Company (“Gwinnett Bank”), with financial centers located in Lawrenceville and Alpharetta, Georgia. By expanding into the greater Atlanta metropolitan market through this acquisition, the Corporation has been able to spread its credit risk over multiple market areas and states, as well as gain access to another large market area as a source of core deposits. Effective March 1, 2007, Gwinnett Bank was merged with and into the Bank.
Recent Challenges
During the fourth quarter of 2006, the Corporation closed two significant transactions, the acquisition of GBC and the sale of Southeastern Employee Benefits Services (“SEBS”), its employee benefits administration business. In addition, the Corporation was faced with several new accounting standards. The numerous challenges that these events posed for the Corporation were compounded by a key vacancy in the leadership of its accounting area and turnover within other key finance positions, and exposed certain material weaknesses in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. Management has begun to implement its remediation plan to address these material weaknesses (the “Remediation Plan”). SeeItem 4. Controls and Procedures.
For additional information with respect to the material weaknesses in the Corporation’s internal controls, and the Remediation Plan, refer to First Charter’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
29
During the second quarter of 2007, the North Carolina Attorney General obtained a court order to appoint a receiver to take control of a real estate venture in Western North Carolina. The Attorney General’s complaint alleges that various defendants, including real estate development companies, individuals, and an appraiser engaged in deceptive practices to induce consumers to obtain loans to purchase lots in The Village of Penland and related development projects (“Penland”) in the Spruce Pine, North Carolina area. These lots were allegedly priced based upon inflated appraisals. Several financial institutions, including First Charter, made loans in connection with these residential developments.
As of June 30, 2007, the Corporation had 70 loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $14.1 million to individual lot purchasers related to Penland. As previously disclosed, based on management’s assessment of probable incurred losses associated with the Penland loan portfolio, the Corporation recorded an additional $7.8 million provision for loan losses during the second quarter of 2007. As of June 30, 2007, no loans in the Penland loan portfolio had reached a 90-day past-due status. However, based on management’s assessment of the individual borrowers, $5.4 million of these loans were placed on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2007 and all of the previously recognized interest income related to these nonaccrual loans was reversed.
Financial Summary
The Corporation’s second quarter 2007 net income was $9.0 million, a 21.9 percent decrease, compared to $11.5 million for the second quarter of 2006. On a per share basis, net income was $0.26 per diluted share, compared to $0.37 per diluted share for the second quarter of 2006.
Total revenue on a tax-equivalent basis increased 17.8 percent to $58.3 million, compared to $49.5 million in the second quarter of 2006. Return on average tangible equity was 9.97 percent and return on average assets was 0.74 percent, compared to 14.97 percent and 1.07 percent, respectively, a year ago.
The financial results for 2007 include the financial performance and the effect of additional outstanding shares from the recent acquisition of GBC Bancorp, Inc., compared with two months of results in the 2006 fourth quarter and no impact for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
For the six months ended June 30, 2007 net income was $21.3 million, a 6.1 percent decrease, compared to $22.7 million from the same period a year ago. On a per share basis, net income was $0.61 per diluted share for the six months ended June 30, 2007, compared to $0.73 per diluted share for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
30
Table OneSelected Financial Data by Quarter
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended |
| | June 30 | | March 31 | | December 31 | | September 30 | | June 30 |
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | | 2007 | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 |
|
Income statement | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 78,291 | | | $ | 77,214 | | | $ | 74,456 | | | $ | 67,085 | | | $ | 63,742 | |
Interest expense | | | 40,747 | | | | 40,479 | | | | 38,441 | | | | 34,127 | | | | 31,095 | |
|
Net interest income | | | 37,544 | | | | 36,735 | | | | 36,015 | | | | 32,958 | | | | 32,647 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 9,124 | | | | 1,366 | | | | 1,486 | | | | 1,405 | | | | 880 | |
Noninterest income | | | 20,141 | | | | 19,566 | | | | 17,388 | | | | 17,007 | | | | 16,292 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 35,207 | | | | 35,920 | | | | 33,853 | | | | 29,655 | | | | 30,688 | |
|
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense | | | 13,354 | | | | 19,015 | | | | 18,064 | | | | 18,905 | | | | 17,371 | |
Income tax expense | | | 4,404 | | | | 6,659 | | | | 5,962 | | | | 6,223 | | | | 5,946 | |
|
Income from continuing operations, net of tax | | | 8,950 | | | | 12,356 | | | | 12,102 | | | | 12,682 | | | | 11,425 | |
Discontinued operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | (162 | ) | | | — | | | | 50 | |
Gain on sale | | | — | | | | — | | | | 962 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Income tax expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | 887 | | | | — | | | | 20 | |
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | | | — | | | | — | | | | (87 | ) | | | — | | | | 30 | |
|
Net income | | $ | 8,950 | | | $ | 12,356 | | | $ | 12,015 | | | $ | 12,682 | | | $ | 11,455 | |
|
Per common share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings per share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations, net of tax | | $ | 0.26 | | | $ | 0.36 | | | $ | 0.36 | | | $ | 0.41 | | | $ | 0.37 | |
Net income | | | 0.26 | | | | 0.36 | | | | 0.36 | | | | 0.41 | | | | 0.37 | |
Diluted earnings per share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations, net of tax | | | 0.26 | | | | 0.35 | | | | 0.36 | | | | 0.40 | | | | 0.37 | |
Net income | | | 0.26 | | | | 0.35 | | | | 0.36 | | | | 0.40 | | | | 0.37 | |
Average shares | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 34,697,944 | | | | 34,770,106 | | | | 33,268,542 | | | | 31,056,059 | | | | 31,058,858 | |
Diluted | | | 34,986,662 | | | | 35,084,640 | | | | 33,583,617 | | | | 31,426,563 | | | | 31,339,325 | |
Dividends declared | | | 0.195 | | | | 0.195 | | | | 0.195 | | | | 0.195 | | | | 0.195 | |
Period-end book value | | | 12.85 | | | | 12.97 | | | | 12.81 | | | | 11.20 | | | | 10.73 | |
|
Performance ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return on average equity(1) | | | 7.86 | % | | | 11.09 | % | | | 11.69 | % | | | 14.76 | % | | | 13.80 | |
Return on average assets(1) | | | 0.74 | | | | 1.03 | | | | 1.02 | | | | 1.16 | | | | 1.07 | |
Net yield on earning assets(1) | | | 3.42 | | | | 3.38 | | | | 3.40 | | | | 3.33 | | | | 3.36 | |
Average portfolio loans to average deposits | | | 109.50 | | | | 107.98 | | | | 105.88 | | | | 103.37 | | | | 108.27 | |
Average equity to average assets | | | 9.37 | | | | 9.28 | | | | 8.75 | | | | 7.86 | | | | 7.79 | |
Efficiency ratio(2) | | | 60.4 | | | | 63.1 | | | | 62.6 | | | | 52.6 | | | | 62.0 | |
|
Selected period-end balances | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Portfolio loans, net | | $ | 3,509,047 | | | $ | 3,494,015 | | | $ | 3,450,087 | | | $ | 3,061,864 | | | $ | 3,042,768 | |
Loans held for sale | | | 11,471 | | | | 13,691 | | | | 12,292 | | | | 10,923 | | | | 8,382 | |
Allowance for loan losses | | | 44,790 | | | | 35,854 | | | | 34,966 | | | | 29,919 | | | | 29,520 | |
Securities available for sale | | | 898,528 | | | | 897,762 | | | | 906,415 | | | | 899,120 | | | | 884,370 | |
Assets | | | 4,916,721 | | | | 4,884,495 | | | | 4,856,717 | | | | 4,382,507 | | | | 4,361,231 | |
Deposits | | | 3,230,346 | | | | 3,321,366 | | | | 3,248,128 | | | | 2,954,854 | | | | 2,988,802 | |
Other borrowings | | | 1,176,758 | | | | 1,044,229 | | | | 1,098,698 | | | | 1,031,798 | | | | 995,707 | |
Total liabilities | | | 4,470,893 | | | | 4,429,123 | | | | 4,409,355 | | | | 4,033,069 | | | | 4,027,333 | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 445,828 | | | | 455,372 | | | | 447,362 | | | | 349,438 | | | | 333,898 | |
Selected average balances | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Portfolio loans | | | 3,532,713 | | | | 3,510,437 | | | | 3,336,563 | | | | 3,070,286 | | | | 3,021,005 | |
Loans held for sale | | | 11,127 | | | | 11,431 | | | | 10,757 | | | | 8,792 | | | | 9,810 | |
Securities available for sale, at cost | | | 914,606 | | | | 926,970 | | | | 924,773 | | | | 923,293 | | | | 921,026 | |
Earning assets | | | 4,467,031 | | | | 4,463,161 | | | | 4,284,735 | | | | 4,013,745 | | | | 3,960,835 | |
Assets | | | 4,874,742 | | | | 4,871,083 | | | | 4,664,431 | | | | 4,336,270 | | | | 4,274,345 | |
Deposits | | | 3,226,308 | | | | 3,251,137 | | | | 3,151,120 | | | | 2,970,047 | | | | 2,790,197 | |
Other borrowings | | | 1,131,599 | | | | 1,113,191 | | | | 1,054,550 | | | | 984,504 | | | | 1,108,734 | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 456,634 | | | | 451,835 | | | | 407,929 | | | | 340,986 | | | | 332,987 | |
|
| | |
(1) | | Annualized. |
|
(2) | | Noninterest expense divided by the sum of taxable-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income less gain (loss) on sale of securities, net. Excludes the results of discontinued operations. |
31
Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
The Corporation’s significant accounting policies are described inNote 1of the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, on pages 69 to 76. These policies are essential in understanding management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations. Some of the Corporation’s accounting policies require significant judgment to estimate values of either assets or liabilities. In addition, certain accounting principles require significant judgment with respect to their application to complicated transactions to determine the most appropriate treatment.
The Corporation has identified three accounting policies as being critical in terms of judgments and the extent to which estimates are used: allowance for loan losses, income taxes, and identified intangible assets and goodwill. In many cases, there are numerous alternative judgments that could be used in the process of estimating values of assets or liabilities. Where alternatives exist, the Corporation has used the factors it believes represent the most reasonable value in developing the inputs for the valuation. Actual performance that differs from the Corporation’s estimates of the key variables could affect net income.
As previously discussed, the Corporation recorded an additional provision for loan losses related to the Penland in the second quarter 2007. The Corporation began evaluating its exposure to Penland in early June 2007 after the North Carolina Attorney General announced that he had obtained a court order to appoint a receiver to take control of the development. The Corporation continues to evaluate the Penland lot loan portfolio. Subsequent developments related to the Penland lot loans may have a significant impact on the provision for loan losses.
As described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements, on July 31, 2007 the General Assembly of North Carolina passed legislation which includes a provision that disallows the deduction of dividends paid by captive real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) for the purposes of determining North Carolina taxable income. The Corporation, through its subsidiaries, participates in two entities classified as captive REITs from which the Corporation has historically received dividends which resulted in certain tax benefits taken within the Corporation’s tax returns and consolidated financial statements. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact that this legislation will have on the Corporation’s current and prior tax filings, as well as the related financial statement impact to the Corporation’s effective tax rate and uncertain tax positions.
For more information on the Corporation’s critical accounting policies, refer to pages 29 to 31 of the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Net Interest Income and Margin
Net interest income, the difference between total interest income and total interest expense, is the Corporation’s principal source of earnings. An analysis of the Corporation’s net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis and average balance sheets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 is presented inTable TwoandTable Three. Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis is a non-GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) performance measure used by management in operating the business, which management believes provides investors with a more accurate picture of the interest margin for comparative purposes. The changes in net interest income (on a taxable-equivalent basis) for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 are analyzed inTable Four and Table Five. Except as noted, the discussion below is based on net interest income computed under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Net interest income increased to $37.5 million, representing a $4.9 million, or 15.0 percent, increase over the second quarter of 2006. The net interest margin (taxable-equivalent net interest income divided by average earning assets) increased six basis points to 3.42 percent in the second quarter of 2007 from 3.36 percent in the second quarter of 2006. The margin benefited from continued disciplined pricing of loans and deposits and a greater concentration of higher-yielding commercial loans relative to total
32
assets. Placing $5.4 million of the Penland lot loans on nonaccrual status in the second quarter of 2007 partially offset the increase in net interest income and reduced the margin by one basis point.
Compared to the second quarter of 2006, earning-asset yields increased 57 basis points to 7.08 percent. This increase was driven by several factors. First, loan yields increased 44 basis points to 7.61 percent. Second, securities yields increased 69 basis points to 5.06 percent. Third, the mix of higher-yielding (loan) assets improved as a result of the GBC acquisition and a smaller percentage of lower-yielding mortgage and consumer loans. Lastly, the percentage of investment securities average balances (which, typically, have lower yields than loans) to total earning-asset average balances, was reduced from 23.3 percent to 20.5 percent over the past year.
On the liability side of the balance sheet, the cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 60 basis points to 4.19 percent, compared to the second quarter of 2006. This increase was comprised of a 71 basis point increase in interest-bearing deposit costs to 3.82 percent, while other borrowing costs increased 49 basis points to 5.10 percent. During 2006, the Federal Reserve raised the rate that banks lend funds to each other (the Fed Funds rate) by 100 basis points. Also, as a result of deposit growth, the percentage of higher-cost, other borrowings average balances was reduced from 31.9 percent to 29.0 percent of total interest-bearing liabilities average balances over the past year.
For the six months ended June 30, 2007, net interest income increased to $74.3 million, representing a $9.5 million, or 14.7 percent, increase from the same period in 2006. The net interest margin increased two basis points to 3.40 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2007, compared to 3.38 percent in the same 2006 period. As discussed previously, the improvements in the margin stemmed from continued disciplined pricing of loans and deposits and a greater concentration of higher-yielding commercial loans relative to total assets.
Compared to the six months ended June 30, 2006, earning-asset yields increased 67 basis points to 7.07 percent. This increase was driven by two factors. First, loan yields increased 57 basis points to 7.61 percent and securities yields increased 66 basis points to 5.00 percent. Second, as discussed above, the mix of higher-yielding (loan) assets improved as a result of the GBC acquisition and a smaller percentage of lower-yielding mortgage and consumer loans. The percentage of investment securities average balances (which, typically, have lower yields than loans) to total earning-asset average balances, was reduced from 23.4 percent to 20.6 percent over the past year.
The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 76 basis points, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2006. This was comprised of an 86 basis point increase in interest-bearing deposit costs to 3.83 percent, while other borrowing costs increased 65 basis points to 5.09 percent. During 2006, the Federal Reserve raised the Fed Funds rate by 100 basis points. Also, as a result of deposit growth, the percentage of higher-cost, other borrowings average balances was reduced from 31.3 percent to 28.7 percent of total interest-bearing liabilities average balances over the past year.
33
Interest income and yields for earning-asset average balances, interest expense and rates paid on interest-bearing liability average balances, and the net interest margin for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follow:
Table TwoAverage Balances and Net Interest Income Analysis
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30 |
| | 2007 | | 2006 |
| | Daily | | Interest | | Average | | Daily | | Interest | | Average |
| | Average | | Income/ | | Yield/Rate | | Average | | Income/ | | Yield/Rate |
(Dollars in thousands) | | Balance | | Expense | | Paid(5) | | Balance | | Expense | | Paid (5) |
|
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and loans held for sale(1) (2) (3) (4) | | $ | 3,543,825 | | | $ | 67,243 | | | | 7.61 | % | | $ | 3,030,815 | | | $ | 54,167 | | | | 7.17 | % |
Securities — taxable(4) | | | 819,097 | | | | 10,130 | | | | 4.96 | | | | 819,886 | | | | 8,534 | | | | 4.16 | |
Securities — tax-exempt | | | 95,509 | | | | 1,428 | | | | 6.00 | | | | 101,140 | | | | 1,520 | | | | 6.01 | |
Federal funds sold | | | 3,777 | | | | 48 | | | | 5.31 | | | | 3,011 | | | | 37 | | | | 4.93 | |
Interest-bearing bank deposits | | | 4,808 | | | | 61 | | | | 5.01 | | | | 5,983 | | | | 60 | | | | 4.02 | |
|
Total earning assets | | | 4,467,016 | | | $ | 78,910 | | | | 7.08 | % | | $ | 3,960,835 | | | $ | 64,318 | | | | 6.51 | % |
Cash and due from banks | | | 80,864 | | | | | | | | | | | | 77,115 | | | | | | | | | |
Other assets | | | 326,862 | | | | | | | | | | | | 236,395 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total assets | | $ | 4,874,742 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 4,274,345 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Demand deposits | | $ | 413,534 | | | $ | 1,167 | | | | 1.13 | % | | $ | 367,146 | | | $ | 647 | | | | 0.71 | % |
Money market accounts | | | 608,489 | | | | 5,287 | | | | 3.48 | | | | 561,005 | | | | 4,454 | | | | 3.18 | |
Savings deposits | | | 114,656 | | | | 62 | | | | 0.22 | | | | 121,130 | | | | 65 | | | | 0.22 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 1,631,616 | | | | 19,848 | | | | 4.88 | | | | 1,312,993 | | | | 13,175 | | | | 4.02 | |
Retail other borrowings | | | 94,784 | | | | 774 | | | | 3.58 | | | | 142,645 | | | | 999 | | | | 2.81 | |
Wholesale other borrowings | | | 1,036,815 | | | | 13,609 | | | | 5.26 | | | | 966,089 | | | | 11,755 | | | | 4.88 | |
|
Total interest-bearing liabilities | | | 3,899,894 | | | | 40,747 | | | | 4.19 | % | | | 3,471,008 | | | | 31,095 | | | | 3.59 | % |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | | | 458,013 | | | | | | | | | | | | 427,923 | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 60,201 | | | | | | | | | | | | 42,427 | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 456,634 | | | | | | | | | | | | 332,987 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 4,874,742 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 4,274,345 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Net interest spread | | | | | | | | | | | 2.89 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 2.92 | % |
Contribution of noninterest bearing sources | | | | | | | | | | | 0.53 | | | | | | | | | | | | 0.44 | |
|
Net interest income/ yield on earning assets | | | | | | $ | 38,163 | | | | 3.42 | % | | | | | | $ | 33,223 | | | | 3.36 | % |
|
| | |
(1) | | The preceding analysis takes into consideration the principal amount of nonaccruing loans and only income actually collected and recognized on such loans. |
|
(2) | | Average loan balances are shown net of unearned income. |
|
(3) | | Includes amortization of deferred loan fees of $1,031 and $701 for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. |
|
(4) | | Yields on tax-exempt securities and loans are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis, assuming a Federal tax rate of 35 percent and applicable state taxes for 2007 and 2006. The adjustments made to convert to a taxable-equivalent basis were $619 and $576 for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. |
|
(5) | | Annualized. |
34
Interest income and yields for earning-asset average balances, interest expense and rates paid on interest-bearing liability average balances, and the net interest margin for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follow:
Table ThreeAverage Balances and Net Interest Income Analysis
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30 |
| | 2007 | | 2006 |
| | Daily | | Interest | | Average | | Daily | | Interest | | Average |
| | Average | | Income/ | | Yield/Rate | | Average | | Income/ | | Yield/Rate |
(Dollars in thousands) | | Balance | | Expense | | Paid(5) | | Balance | | Expense | | Paid (5) |
|
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and loans held for sale(1) (2) (3) (4) | | $ | 3,532,900 | | | $ | 133,482 | | | | 7.61 | % | | $ | 2,988,596 | | | $ | 104,473 | | | | 7.04 | % |
Securities — taxable(4) | | | 822,696 | | | | 20,079 | | | | 4.89 | | | | 814,175 | | | | 16,842 | | | | 4.14 | |
Securities — tax-exempt | | | 98,057 | | | | 2,919 | | | | 5.95 | | | | 103,735 | | | | 3,063 | | | | 5.91 | |
Federal funds sold | | | 6,410 | | | | 176 | | | | 5.59 | | | | 3,115 | | | | 73 | | | | 4.70 | |
Interest-bearing bank deposits | | | 5,028 | | | | 111 | | | | 4.44 | | | | 5,348 | | | | 99 | | | | 3.75 | |
|
Total earning assets | | | 4,465,091 | | | $ | 156,767 | | | | 7.07 | % | | $ | 3,914,969 | | | $ | 124,550 | | | | 6.40 | % |
Cash and due from banks | | | 80,116 | | | | | | | | | | | | 87,409 | | | | | | | | | |
Other assets | | | 327,715 | | | | | | | | | | | | 237,628 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total assets | | $ | 4,872,922 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 4,240,006 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Demand deposits | | $ | 406,584 | | | $ | 2,225 | | | | 1.10 | % | | $ | 361,693 | | | $ | 1,093 | | | | 0.61 | % |
Money market accounts | | | 625,342 | | | | 10,838 | | | | 3.49 | | | | 568,263 | | | | 8,306 | | | | 2.95 | |
Savings deposits | | | 113,826 | | | | 129 | | | | 0.23 | | | | 120,616 | | | | 130 | | | | 0.22 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 1,640,463 | | | | 39,712 | | | | 4.88 | | | | 1,316,992 | | | | 25,376 | | | | 3.89 | |
Retail other borrowings | | | 93,445 | | | | 1,437 | | | | 3.10 | | | | 135,903 | | | | 1,777 | | | | 2.64 | |
Wholesale other borrowings | | | 1,029,001 | | | | 26,885 | | | | 5.27 | | | | 943,392 | | | | 21,969 | | | | 4.70 | |
|
Total interest-bearing liabilities | | | 3,908,661 | | | | 81,226 | | | | 4.19 | % | | | 3,446,859 | | | | 58,651 | | | | 3.43 | % |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | | | 452,438 | | | | | | | | | | | | 420,364 | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 57,576 | | | | | | | | | | | | 40,392 | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 454,247 | | | | | | | | | | | | 332,391 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 4,872,922 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 4,240,006 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Net interest spread | | | | | | | | | | | 2.88 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 2.97 | % |
Contribution of noninterest bearing sources | | | | | | | | | | | 0.52 | | | | | | | | | | | | 0.41 | |
|
Net interest income/ yield on earning assets | | | | | | $ | 75,541 | | | | 3.40 | % | | | | | | $ | 65,899 | | | | 3.38 | % |
|
| | |
(1) | | The preceding analysis takes into consideration the principal amount of nonaccruing loans and only income actually collected and recognized on such loans. |
|
(2) | | Average loan balances are shown net of unearned income. |
|
(3) | | Includes amortization of deferred loan fees of $1,859 and $1,446 for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. |
|
(4) | | Yields on tax-exempt securities and loans are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis, assuming a Federal tax rate of 35 percent and applicable state taxes for 2007 and 2006. The adjustments made to convert to a taxable-equivalent basis were $1,262 and $1,162 for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. |
|
(5) | | Annualized. |
35
The following tables show changes in tax-equivalent interest income, interest expense, and tax-equivalent net interest income arising from rate and volume changes for major categories of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The change in interest not solely due to changes in volume or rate has been allocated in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.
Table FourVolume and Rate Variance Analysis
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended |
| | June 30 |
| | 2007 vs 2006 |
| | Due to Change in | | Net |
(In thousands) | | Volume | | Rate | | Change |
|
Increase (decrease) in tax-equivalent interest income | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and loans held for sale(1) | | $ | 9,583 | | | $ | 3,493 | | | $ | 13,076 | |
Securities — taxable(1) | | | (8 | ) | | | 1,604 | | | | 1,596 | |
Securities — tax-exempt | | | (84 | ) | | | (8 | ) | | | (92 | ) |
Federal funds sold | | | 10 | | | | 3 | | | | 13 | |
Interest-bearing bank deposits | | | (13 | ) | | | 13 | | | | — | |
|
Total | | $ | 9,488 | | | $ | 5,105 | | | $ | 14,593 | |
|
Increase (decrease) in interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Demand | | $ | 90 | | | $ | 430 | | | $ | 520 | |
Money market | | | 394 | | | | 439 | | | | 833 | |
Savings | | | (3 | ) | | | — | | | | (3 | ) |
Certificates of deposit | | | 3,559 | | | | 3,114 | | | | 6,673 | |
Retail other borrowings | | | (373 | ) | | | 149 | | | | (224 | ) |
Wholesale other borrowings | | | 893 | | | | 961 | | | | 1,854 | |
|
Total | | $ | 4,560 | | | $ | 5,093 | | | $ | 9,653 | |
|
Increase in tax-equivalent net interest income | | | | | | | | | | $ | 4,940 | |
|
| | |
(1) | | Income on tax-exempt securities and loans are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis. Refer toTable Twofor further details. |
36
Changes in net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
Table FiveVolume and Rate Variance Analysis
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30 |
| | 2007 vs 2006 |
| | Due to Change in | | Net |
(In thousands) | | Volume | | Rate | | Change |
|
Increase (decrease) in tax-equivalent interest income | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and loans held for sale(1) | | $ | 20,093 | | | $ | 8,916 | | | $ | 29,009 | |
Securities — taxable(1) | | | 178 | | | | 3,059 | | | | 3,237 | |
Securities — tax-exempt | | | (169 | ) | | | 25 | | | | (144 | ) |
Federal funds sold | | | 89 | | | | 16 | | | | 105 | |
Interest-bearing bank deposits | | | (6 | ) | | | 18 | | | | 12 | |
|
Total | | $ | 20,185 | | | $ | 12,034 | | | $ | 32,219 | |
|
Increase (decrease) in interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Demand | | $ | 150 | | | $ | 982 | | | $ | 1,132 | |
Money market | | | 889 | | | | 1,643 | | | | 2,532 | |
Savings | | | (8 | ) | | | 7 | | | | (1 | ) |
Certificates of deposit | | | 7,015 | | | | 7,322 | | | | 14,337 | |
Retail other borrowings | | | (618 | ) | | | 278 | | | | (340 | ) |
Wholesale other borrowings | | | 2,097 | | | | 2,819 | | | | 4,916 | |
|
Total | | $ | 9,525 | | | $ | 13,051 | | | $ | 22,576 | |
|
Increase in tax-equivalent net interest income | | | | | | | | | | $ | 9,643 | |
|
| | |
(1) | | Income on tax-exempt securities and loans are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis. Refer toTable Threefor further details. |
Noninterest Income
The major components of noninterest income are derived from service charges on deposit accounts, ATM, debit, and merchant fees, and mortgage, brokerage, insurance, and wealth management revenue. In addition, the Corporation realizes gains (and losses) on securities, equity investments, Small Business Administration loan sales, bank-owned property sales, and income from its BOLI policies.
Historical noninterest income and expense amounts have been restated to reflect the effect of reporting the previously announced sale of Southeastern Employee Benefits Services (SEBS) in the fourth quarter of 2006 as discontinued operations and to reflect the implementation of SAB 108 at year-end 2006.
37
Details of noninterest income follow for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006:
Table SixNoninterest Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | |
| | June 30 | | Increase / (Decrease) |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 | | Amount | | Percent |
|
Service charges on deposits | | $ | 7,942 | | | $ | 7,469 | | | $ | 473 | | | | 6.3 | % |
ATM, debit, and merchant fees | | | 2,636 | | | | 2,117 | | | | 519 | | | | 24.5 | |
Wealth management | | | 944 | | | | 693 | | | | 251 | | | | 36.2 | |
Equity method investment gains, net | | | 678 | | | | 11 | | | | 667 | | | | 6,063.6 | |
Mortgage services | | | 1,056 | | | | 812 | | | | 244 | | | | 30.0 | |
Gain on sale of Small Business Administration loans | | | 132 | | | | — | | | | 132 | | | | — | |
Brokerage services | | | 1,007 | | | | 692 | | | | 315 | | | | 45.5 | |
Insurance services | | | 3,422 | | | | 2,898 | | | | 524 | | | | 18.1 | |
Bank owned life insurance | | | 1,162 | | | | 850 | | | | 312 | | | | 36.7 | |
Property sale gains, net | | | 152 | | | | 107 | | | | 45 | | | | 42.1 | |
Securities gains, net | | | — | | | | 32 | | | | (32 | ) | | | (100.0 | ) |
Other | | | 1,010 | | | | 611 | | | | 399 | | | | 65.3 | |
|
Noninterest income from continuing operations | | | 20,141 | | | | 16,292 | | | | 3,849 | | | | 23.6 | |
Noninterest income from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | 844 | | | | (844 | ) | | | (100.0 | ) |
|
Total noninterest income | | $ | 20,141 | | | $ | 17,136 | | | $ | 3,005 | | | | 17.5 | % |
|
Selected items included in noninterest income for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follow. These items are considered non-core to the Corporation’s operations.
Table SevenSelected Items Included in Noninterest Income
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended |
| | June 30 |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 |
|
Securities gains, net | | $ | — | | | $ | 32 | |
Equity method investment gains , net | | | 678 | | | | 11 | |
Property sale gains, net | | | 152 | | | | 107 | |
Gains related to reinsurance arrangement | | | 288 | | | | — | |
|
Noninterest income from continuing operations for the second quarter of 2007 was $20.1 million, an increase of $3.8 million, or 23.6 percent, from $16.3 million in the second quarter of 2006. The primary factors for this increase include the following:
| • | | Revenue from deposit service charges was $0.5 million higher, principally reflecting a larger number of checking accounts. |
|
| • | | ATM, debit, and merchant card revenue was $0.5 million higher, reflecting both a larger number of accounts and transactions. |
|
| • | | Of the total $0.3 million increase in wealth management income, $0.2 million was related to transaction fees for a single estate. |
|
| • | | Equity method investment gains were $0.7 million higher in the 2007 second quarter. The returns on the equity method investments vary from period to period and income is recorded when earned. |
|
| • | | Mortgage services revenue increased $0.2 million, due to a rise in originations and sales. |
|
| • | | Although the Corporation originated SBA loans prior to the GBC acquisition, the Corporation retained these loans. Therefore, gains on SBA loan sales were $0.1 million in the 2007 second quarter, compared to no sales in the same 2006 period. |
38
| • | | Brokerage services revenue was $0.3 million higher in 2007 due to increased production from the addition of several financial consultants in the latter half of 2006. |
|
| • | | Insurance revenues increased $0.5 million in the second quarter of 2007, compared to the second quarter of 2006 as a result of the majority of contingency income being received in the first quarter of 2006, versus a more even distribution between the first and second quarters of 2007. |
|
| • | | The restructuring of $21.5 million of Bank Owned Life Insurance (BOLI) in mid-2006, the purchase of $10.0 million in new coverage, and the addition of $5.9 million of BOLI from GBC led to the $0.3 million increase in revenue between periods. |
Details of noninterest income follow for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006:
Table EightNoninterest Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended | | |
| | June 30 | | Increase / (Decrease) |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 | | Amount | | Percent |
|
Service charges on deposits | | $ | 15,332 | | | $ | 14,167 | | | $ | 1,165 | | | | 8.2 | % |
ATM, debit, and merchant fees | | | 5,080 | | | | 4,015 | | | | 1,065 | | | | 26.5 | |
Wealth management | | | 1,660 | | | | 1,393 | | | | 267 | | | | 19.2 | |
Equity method investment gains, net | | | 1,805 | | | | 556 | | | | 1,249 | | | | 224.6 | |
Mortgage services | | | 1,957 | | | | 1,335 | | | | 622 | | | | 46.6 | |
Gain on sale of Small Business Administration loans | | | 509 | | | | — | | | | 509 | | | | — | |
Brokerage services | | | 2,088 | | | | 1,403 | | | | 685 | | | | 48.8 | |
Insurance services | | | 7,056 | | | | 7,232 | | | | (176 | ) | | | (2.4 | ) |
Bank owned life insurance | | | 2,301 | | | | 1,677 | | | | 624 | | | | 37.2 | |
Property sale gains, net | | | 215 | | | | 188 | | | | 27 | | | | 14.4 | |
Securities gains/(losses), net | | | (11 | ) | | | 32 | | | | (43 | ) | | | (134.4 | ) |
Other | | | 1,715 | | | | 1,285 | | | | 430 | | | | 33.5 | |
|
Noninterest income from continuing operations | | | 39,707 | | | | 33,283 | | | | 6,424 | | | | 19.3 | |
Noninterest income from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | 1,809 | | | | (1,809 | ) | | | (100.0 | ) |
|
Total noninterest income | | $ | 39,707 | | | $ | 35,092 | | | $ | 4,615 | | | | 13.2 | % |
|
Selected items included in noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follow. These items are considered non-core to the Corporation’s operations.
Table NineSelected Items Included in Noninterest Income
| | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30 |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 |
|
Securities gains (losses), net | | $ | (11 | ) | | $ | 32 | |
Equity method investment gains, net | | | 1,805 | | | | 556 | |
Property sale gains, net | | | 215 | | | | 188 | |
Gains related to reinsurance arrangement | | | 288 | | | | 99 | |
|
Noninterest income from continuing operations increased $6.4 million, or 19.3 percent, to $39.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. The primary factors for this increase include the following:
| • | | Revenue from deposit service charges increased $1.2 million, principally reflecting a larger number of checking accounts. |
|
| • | | ATM, debit and merchant card services revenue was $1.1 million higher due to both a larger number of accounts and transactions. |
39
| • | | Equity method investment gains were $1.2 million higher in the six months ended June 30, 2007, versus the same period of 2006. The returns on the equity method investments vary from period to period and income is recorded when earned. |
|
| • | | Mortgage services revenue increased $0.6 million due to increased originations and sales. |
|
| • | | Although the Corporation originated SBA loans prior to the GBC acquisition, the Corporation retained these loans. Therefore, gains on SBA loan sales were $0.5 million in the first half of 2007, compared to no sales in the same 2006 period. |
|
| • | | Brokerage service revenue increased $0.7 million due to increased production from the addition of several financial consultants in the latter half of 2006. |
|
| • | | The previously mentioned restructuring of bank owned life insurance led to an increase of $0.6 million in revenue between the periods. |
|
| • | | These revenue increases and gains were partially offset by $0.2 million lower insurance services revenue, primarily due to less contingency income recognized in the first six months of 2007, compared with the first six months of 2006. |
Noninterest Expense
Details of noninterest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follow:
Table TenNoninterest Expense
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | |
| | June 30 | | Increase / (Decrease) |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 | | Amount | | Percent |
|
Salaries and employee benefits | | $ | 19,576 | | | $ | 16,343 | | | $ | 3,233 | | | | 19.8 | % |
Occupancy and equipment | | | 4,759 | | | | 4,826 | | | | (67 | ) | | | (1.4 | ) |
Data processing | | | 1,492 | | | | 1,448 | | | | 44 | | | | 3.0 | |
Marketing | | | 1,055 | | | | 1,196 | | | | (141 | ) | | | (11.8 | ) |
Postage and supplies | | | 1,164 | | | | 1,282 | | | | (118 | ) | | | (9.2 | ) |
Professional services | | | 3,181 | | | | 2,258 | | | | 923 | | | | 40.9 | |
Telecommunications | | | 519 | | | | 513 | | | | 6 | | | | 1.2 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 314 | | | | 107 | | | | 207 | | | | 193.5 | |
Foreclosed properties | | | 226 | | | | 418 | | | | (192 | ) | | | (45.9 | ) |
Other | | | 2,921 | | | | 2,297 | | | | 624 | | | | 27.2 | |
|
Noninterest expense from continuing operations | | | 35,207 | | | | 30,688 | | | | 4,519 | | | | 14.7 | |
Noninterest expense from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | 794 | | | | (794 | ) | | | (100.0 | ) |
|
Total noninterest expense | | $ | 35,207 | | | $ | 31,482 | | | $ | 3,725 | | | | 11.8 | % |
|
Full-time equivalent employees at June 30 | | | 1,109 | | | | 1,098 | | | | 11 | | | | 1.0 | % |
|
Efficiency ratio(1) | | | 60.4 | % | | | 62.0 | % | | | -1.6 | % | | | (2.6) | % |
|
| | |
(1) | | Noninterest expense divided by the sum of taxable-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income less securities gains (losses), net. Excludes the results of discontinued operations. |
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Selected items included in noninterest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follow:
Table ElevenSelected Items Included in Noninterest Expense
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended |
| | June 30 |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 |
|
Separation agreements | | $ | 183 | | | $ | — | |
GBC related executive retirement expense | | | 245 | | | | — | |
Reduction of incentive compensation | | | (518 | ) | | | — | |
Merger-related costs | | | — | | | | — | |
|
Noninterest expense from continuing operations for the 2007 second quarter was $35.2 million, a $4.5 million increase, compared to the second quarter of 2006. Of this increase, $3.2 million was attributable to salaries and employee benefits expense. Salaries and benefits expense increased in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to higher salaries and wages which were driven by an increased number of full-time equivalent employees as a result of the GBC acquisition, increased equity-based compensation, and offset partially by lower incentive compensation due to a reduction in earnings. Additionally, salaries and employee benefits expense included merger-related costs of $0.2 million, representing severance and other compensation-related bonuses for certain employees to remain with Gwinnett Bank for a period of transition following the acquisition. Professional fees increased $0.9 million primarily related to remediation efforts in connection with the Corporation’s internal control weaknesses, additional costs related to the Corporation’s delayed filing of Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2006, and costs associated with the previously disclosed first quarter 2007 audit committee inquiry. The Corporation expects that professional fees will decline over time to more historically normalized levels. Other noninterest expense increased $0.6 million between comparable quarters, principally consisting of increases in insurance, franchise tax, travel, and other miscellaneous operational expense.
Details of noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follow:
Table TwelveNoninterest Expense
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended | | |
| | June 30 | | Increase / (Decrease) |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 | | Amount | | Percent |
|
Salaries and employee benefits | | $ | 39,163 | | | $ | 33,543 | | | $ | 5,620 | | | | 16.8 | % |
Occupancy and equipment | | | 9,371 | | | | 9,531 | | | | (160 | ) | | | (1.7 | ) |
Data processing | | | 3,282 | | | | 2,858 | | | | 424 | | | | 14.8 | |
Marketing | | | 2,406 | | | | 2,484 | | | | (78 | ) | | | (3.1 | ) |
Postage and supplies | | | 2,336 | | | | 2,464 | | | | (128 | ) | | | (5.2 | ) |
Professional services | | | 6,767 | | | | 4,161 | | | | 2,606 | | | | 62.6 | |
Telecommunications | | | 1,190 | | | | 1,076 | | | | 114 | | | | 10.6 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 537 | | | | 209 | | | | 328 | | | | 156.9 | |
Foreclosed properties | | | 379 | | | | 472 | | | | (93 | ) | | | (19.7 | ) |
Other | | | 5,696 | | | | 4,631 | | | | 1,065 | | | | 23.0 | |
|
Noninterest expense from continuing operations | | | 71,127 | | | | 61,429 | | | | 9,698 | | | | 15.8 | |
Noninterest expense from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | 1,611 | | | | (1,611 | ) | | | (100.0 | ) |
|
Total noninterest expense | | $ | 71,127 | | | $ | 63,040 | | | $ | 8,087 | | | | 12.8 | % |
|
Full-time equivalent employees at June 30 | | | 1,109 | | | | 1,098 | | | | 11 | | | | 1.0 | % |
|
Efficiency ratio(1) | | | 61.7 | % | | | 62.0 | % | | | -0.3 | % | | | (0.5) | % |
|
| | |
(1) | | Noninterest expense divided by the sum of taxable-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income less securities gains (losses), net. Excludes the results of discontinued operations. |
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Selected items included in noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 follow:
Table ThirteenSelected Items Included in Noninterest Expense
| | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30 |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 |
|
Separation agreements | | $ | 241 | | | $ | 105 | |
GBC related executive retirement expense | | | 245 | | | | — | |
Reduction of incentive compensation | | | (518 | ) | | | — | |
Merger-related costs | | | 237 | | | | — | |
|
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Noninterest expense from continuing operations for the first six months of 2007 was $71.1 million, a $9.7 million increase over the same period of 2006. Of this increase, $5.6 million was attributable to salaries and employee benefits expense. Salaries and benefits expense increased in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to higher salaries and wages which were driven by an increased number of full-time equivalent employees as a result of the GBC acquisition, as well as normal salary increases, and offset partially by lower incentive compensation due to a reduction in earnings. Additionally, salaries and employee benefits expense included merger-related costs of $0.5 million, representing severance and other compensation-related bonuses for certain employees to remain with Gwinnett Bank for a period of transition following the acquisition as well as executive retirement expenses related to Gwinnett Bank. Professional Fees increased $2.6 million primarily related to remediation efforts in connection with the Corporation’s internal control weaknesses, additional costs related to the Corporation’s delayed filing of Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2006, and costs associated with the previously disclosed first quarter 2007 audit committee inquiry. The Corporation expects that professional fees will decline over time to more historically normalized levels. Data processing expense increased $0.4 million on a year-over-year basis for the second half of 2007 due to increased transaction volume. Other noninterest expense increased $1.1 million between compared periods, principally consisting of increases in insurance, franchise tax, travel and other miscellaneous operational expense.
Income Tax
Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2007, was $4.4 million, for an effective tax rate of 33.0 percent, compared with $5.9 million, for an effective tax rate of 34.3 percent in the second quarter of 2006. For the six months ended June 30, 2007, income tax expense was $11.1 million, for an effective tax rate of 34.2 percent, compared with $11.6 million, for an effective tax rate of 34.0 percent in the six months ended June 30, 2006. The effective tax rate decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 as a result of a higher proportion of tax-exempt income to total income.
The Corporation is under examination by the North Carolina Department of Revenue for tax years 1999 through 2004 and is subject to examination for subsequent tax years. The Corporation is also under routine examination by the Internal Revenue Service for the 2004 tax year. For additional information regarding these examinations refer toNote 2of the consolidated financial statements.
As described in Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements, on July 31, 2007, the General Assembly of North Carolina passed House Bill 1473 which includes a provision that disallows the deduction of dividends paid by captive real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) for the purposes of determining North Carolina taxable income. The Corporation, through its subsidiaries, participates in two entities classified as captive REITs from which the Corporation has historically received dividends which resulted in certain tax benefits taken within the Corporation’s tax returns and consolidated financial statements. This legislation is effective for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2007.
The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact that this legislation will have on the Corporation’s current and prior tax filings, as well as the related financial statement impact to the Corporation’s effective tax rate and uncertain tax positions. Assuming the legislation eliminates the deductibility of the REIT dividends for North Carolina state income tax purposes, the Corporation expects an increase in its effective tax rate for 2007 and subsequent fiscal years.
Securities Available for Sale
The securities portfolio, all of which is classified as available-for-sale, is a component of the Corporation’s Asset Liability Management (“ALM”) strategy. The decision to purchase or sell securities is based upon liquidity needs, changes in interest rates, changes in the Bank’s risk tolerance, the composition of the rest of the balance sheet, and other factors. Securities available-for-sale are accounted for at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded net of tax as a component of other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity unless the unrealized losses are considered other-than-temporary.
The fair value of the securities portfolio is determined by various third party sources. The valuation is determined as of the end of the reporting period based on available quoted market prices or quoted market prices for similar securities if a quoted market price is not available.
At June 30, 2007, securities available for sale were $898.5 million, compared to $906.4 million at December 31, 2006. Pretax unrealized net losses on securities available for sale were $14.4 million at June 30, 2007, compared to pretax unrealized net losses of $9.8 million at December 31, 2006. The unrealized losses in the securities portfolio have primarily resulted from the rise in interest rates. These unrealized losses have been partially offset by paydowns and maturities of existing securities, totaling $126.0 million, along with the sale of $25.2 million of securities.
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During the first half of 2007, proceeds from the aforementioned maturities, along with the sales, paydowns, and calls were used to purchase $148.1 million of securities, principally mortgage-backed and U.S. government agency securities. The asset-backed securities purchased are collateralized debt obligations, representing securitizations of financial company capital securities and were purchased for portfolio risk diversification and their higher yields.
The following table shows the carrying value of (i) U.S. government agency obligations, (ii) mortgage-backed securities, (iii) state, county, and municipal obligations, (iv) asset-backed securities, and (v) equity securities, which are primarily comprised of Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank stock.
Table FourteenInvestment Portfolio
| | | | | | | | |
| | June 30 | | December 31 |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 |
|
U.S. government agency obligations | | $ | 236,702 | | | $ | 275,394 | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 458,504 | | | | 412,020 | |
State, county, and municipal obligations | | | 92,189 | | | | 102,602 | |
Asset-backed securities | | | 56,057 | | | | 65,115 | |
Equity securities | | | 55,076 | | | | 51,284 | |
|
Total securities | | $ | 898,528 | | | $ | 906,415 | |
|
Loan Portfolio
The Corporation’s loan portfolio at June 30, 2007, consisted of six major categories: Commercial Non Real Estate, Commercial Real Estate, Construction, Mortgage, Home Equity, and Consumer. Pricing is driven by quality, loan size, loan tenor, prepayment risk, the Corporation’s relationship with the customer, competition, and other factors. The Corporation is primarily a secured lender in all of these loan categories. The terms of the Corporation’s loans are generally five years or less with the exception of home equity lines and residential mortgages, for which the terms can range out to 30 years. In addition, the Corporation has a program in which it buys and sells portions of loans (primarily originated in the Southeastern region of the United States), both participations and syndications, from key strategic partner financial institutions with which the Corporation has established relationships. This strategic partners’ portfolio includes commercial real estate, commercial non real estate, and construction loans. This program enables the Corporation to diversify both its geographic risk and its total exposure risk. From time to time, the Corporation also sources commercial real estate, commercial non real estate, construction, and consumer loans through correspondent relationships. As of June 30, 2007, the Corporation’s total loan portfolio included $336.5 million of loans originated through the strategic partners’ program and correspondent relationships.
Total portfolio loan average balances for the 2007 second quarter increased $511.7 million, or 16.9 percent, to $3.5 billion, compared to $3.0 billion for the 2006 second quarter. Included in the increase was approximately $337 million of total loans that were added as a result of the GBC acquisition during the fourth quarter of 2007. The increase in average loan balances was offset by $8 million of loan balances that were included in the sale of two financial centers during the third quarter of 2006. Commercial loan growth drove the increase, rising $598 million, or 36.5 percent, of which $322 million were added as a result of the GBC acquisition. The remaining growth of $276 million, or 16.9 percent, was the result of commercial lending growth in the Charlotte and Raleigh markets.
Consumer loan average balances decreased $42 million and mortgage loan average balances decreased $45 million compared to the 2006 second quarter. The consumer loan balance decline was driven, in part, by lower consumer borrowing costs of refinancing first mortgages relative to current rates on home equity products. The decline in mortgage loan balances was due to normal loan amortization and First Charter’s strategy of selling most of its new mortgage production in the secondary market. GBC had no residential mortgages on its balance sheet at the time of the acquisition.
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At June 30, 2007, Raleigh-related loans totaled $153.0 million, representing a $19.2 million increase from $133.8 million at December 31, 2006.
A summary of the composition of the loan portfolio follows:
Table FifteenLoan Portfolio Composition
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30 | | Percent of | | December 31 | | Percent of |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | Total Loans | | 2006 | | Total Loans |
|
Commercial real estate | | $ | 1,094,866 | | | | 30.8 | % | | $ | 1,034,317 | | | | 29.7 | % |
Commercial non real estate | | | 317,984 | | | | 8.9 | | | | 301,958 | | | | 8.7 | |
Construction | | | 859,301 | | | | 24.2 | | | | 793,294 | | | | 22.8 | |
Mortgage | | | 589,976 | | | | 16.6 | | | | 618,142 | | | | 17.7 | |
Consumer | | | 276,005 | | | | 7.8 | | | | 289,493 | | | | 8.3 | |
Home equity | | | 415,705 | | | | 11.7 | | | | 447,849 | | | | 12.8 | |
|
Total portfolio loans | | | 3,553,837 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 3,485,053 | | | | 100.0 | % |
Allowance for loan losses | | | (44,790 | ) | | | | | | | (34,966 | ) | | | | |
|
Portfolio loans, net | | $ | 3,509,047 | | | | | | | $ | 3,450,087 | | | | | |
|
Deposits
A summary of the composition of deposits follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | June 30 | | December 31 |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 |
|
Noninterest bearing demand | | $ | 480,078 | | | $ | 454,975 | |
Interest bearing demand | | | 427,899 | | | | 420,774 | |
Money market accounts | | | 587,691 | | | | 620,699 | |
Savings deposits | | | 114,245 | | | | 111,047 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 1,620,433 | | | | 1,640,633 | |
|
Total deposits | | $ | 3,230,346 | | | $ | 3,248,128 | |
|
Deposits totaled $3.2 billion at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006. Compared to June 30, 2006, deposits increased by $241.5 million, as a result of overall growth in interest checking balances, combined with the addition of $357.3 million of deposits acquired in the fourth quarter 2006 acquisition of GBC, offset partially by a relatively large number of CDs that matured during the first half of 2007. These maturities included a number of high-rate public fund CDs which the Corporation chose not to renew. Additionally, money market balances decreased $24.2 million from June 30, 2006 primarily due to interest rates on CDs being more favorable than money market rates.
Deposit balances in Raleigh were $53.8 million at June 30, 2007, an increase of $22.0 million from $31.8 million at December 31, 2006.
Deposit growth, particularly low-cost transaction (or core) deposit growth (money market, demand, and savings accounts), continues to be an area of emphasis for the Corporation. For the second quarter of 2007, core deposit average balances increased $117.5 million, or 8.0 percent, compared to the second quarter of 2006. This includes the benefit of the GBC acquisition which included $106.5 million of core deposits and the impact of First Charter’s sale of two financial centers in the third quarter of 2006 which involved the sale of $24 million of core deposits. The total core deposit increase was primarily driven by a $47.5 million, or 8.5 percent, increase in money market average balances, a $39.9 million, or 8.2
45
percent, increase in interest checking and savings average balances, and a $30.1 million, or 7.0 percent, increase in noninterest-bearing demand deposit average balances.
Certificate of deposit (CD) average balances for the second quarter of 2007 decreased $17.8 million from the fourth quarter of 2006 but grew $318.6 million from the second quarter of 2006. The decrease during the first half of 2007 was primarily due to a relatively large number of CDs that matured. These maturities included a number of high rate public fund CDs which First Charter chose not to renew. The increase in average balances over second quarter 2006 primarily related to the GBC acquisition which added $248.6 million of CD balances. Additionally, CD growth was somewhat offset by the sale of $14 million of CDs in conjunction with the previously mentioned financial center sale that occurred in the third quarter of 2006.
Other Borrowings
Other borrowings consist of federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreement to repurchase, commercial paper and other short- and long-term borrowings. Federal funds purchased represent unsecured overnight borrowings from other financial institutions by the Bank. At June 30, 2007, the Bank had federal funds back-up lines of credit totaling $363.0 million with $88.0 million outstanding, compared to similar lines of credit totaling $188.2 million with $41.5 million outstanding at December 31, 2006. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase represent short-term borrowings by the Bank with maturities less than one year collateralized by a portion of the Corporation’s United States government or agency securities. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $190.0 million at June 30, 2007, compared to $160.2 million at December 31, 2006. These borrowings are an important source of funding to the Corporation. Access to alternate short-term funding sources allows the Corporation to meet funding needs without relying on increasing deposits on a short-term basis.
The Corporation issues commercial paper as another source of short-term funding. It is purchased primarily by the Bank’s commercial deposit clients. Commercial paper outstanding at June 30, 2007 was $77.8 million, compared to $38.2 million at December 31, 2006.
Other short-term borrowings consist of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) borrowings with an original maturity of one year or less. FHLB borrowings are collateralized by securities from the Corporation’s investment portfolio, and a blanket lien on certain qualifying commercial and single-family loans held in the Corporation’s loan portfolio. At June 30, 2007, the Bank had $265.0 million of short-term FHLB borrowings, compared to the Bank’s $371.0 million at December 31, 2006. The Corporation, in its overall management of interest-rate risk, is opportunistic in evaluating alternative funding sources. While balancing the funding needs of the Corporation, management considers the duration of available maturities, the relative attractiveness of funding costs, and the diversification of funding sources, among other factors, in order to maintain flexibility in the nature of deposits and borrowings the Corporation holds at any given time.
Long-term borrowings represent FHLB borrowings with original maturities greater than one year and subordinated debentures related to trust preferred securities. At June 30, 2007, the Bank had $555.9 million of long-term FHLB borrowings, compared to $425.9 million at December 31, 2006. In addition, the Corporation had $61.9 million of outstanding subordinated debentures at June 30, 2007, and December 31, 2006.
The Corporation formed First Charter Capital Trust I and First Charter Capital Trust II, in June 2005 and September 2005, respectively; both are wholly-owned business trusts. First Charter Capital Trust I and First Charter Capital Trust II issued $35.0 million and $25.0 million, respectively, of trust preferred securities that were sold to third parties. The proceeds of the sale of the trust preferred securities were used to purchase subordinated debentures discussed above from the Corporation, which are presented as long-term borrowings in the consolidated balance sheet and qualify for inclusion in Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes, subject to certain limitations.
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The Corporation’s credit risk policy and procedures are centralized for every loan type. In addition, all mortgage, consumer, and home equity loans are centrally decisioned. All loans generally flow through an independent closing unit to ensure proper documentation. Loans originated by the Corporation’s Atlanta-based lenders are currently being processed and closed independently from the Corporation’s centralized credit structure. Finally, all known collection or problem loans are centrally managed by experienced workout personnel. To monitor the effectiveness of policies and procedures, Management maintains a set of asset quality standards for past due, nonaccrual, and watchlist loans and monitors the trends of these standards over time. These standards are approved by the Board of Directors and reviewed quarterly with the Board of Directors for compliance.
Loan Administration and Underwriting
The Bank’s Chief Risk Officer is responsible for the continuous assessment of the Bank’s risk profile as well as making any necessary adjustments to policies and procedures. Commercial loan relationships of less than $750,000 may be approved by experienced commercial loan officers, within their loan authority. Commercial and commercial real estate loans are approved by signature authority requiring at least two experienced officers for relationships greater than $750,000. The exceptions to this include City Executives and certain Senior Loan Officers who are authorized to approve relationships up to $1.0 million. An independent Risk Manager is involved in the approval of commercial and commercial real estate relationships that exceed $1.0 million. All relationships greater than $2.0 million receive a comprehensive annual review by either the senior credit analysts or lending officers of the Bank, which is then reviewed by the independent Risk Managers and/or the final approval officer with the appropriate signature authority. Relationships totaling $5.0 million or more are further reviewed by senior lending officers of the Bank, the Chief Risk Officer, and the Credit Risk Management Committee comprised of certain executive and senior management. In addition, relationships totaling $10.0 million or more are reviewed by the Board of Directors’ Credit and Compliance Committee. These oversight committees provide policy, process, product and specific relationship direction to the lending personnel. As of June 30, 2007, the Corporation had a legal lending limit of $68.4 million and a general target-lending limit of $10.0 million per relationship.
The Corporation’s loan portfolio consists of loans made for a variety of commercial and consumer purposes. Because commercial loans are made based to a great extent on the Corporation’s assessment of a borrower’s income, cash flow, character and ability to repay, such loans are viewed as involving a higher degree of credit risk than is the case with residential mortgage loans or consumer loans. To manage this risk, the Corporation’s commercial loan portfolio is managed under a defined process which includes underwriting standards and risk assessment, procedures for loan approvals, loan grading, ongoing identification and management of credit deterioration and portfolio reviews to assess loss exposure and to ascertain compliance with the Corporation’s credit policies and procedures.
During 2006, the Corporation implemented a new consumer loan platform to improve servicing for customers by providing loan officers with additional tools and real-time access to credit bureau information at the time of loan application. This platform also delivers increased reporting capabilities and improved credit risk management by having the Corporation’s policies embedded into the decision process while also managing approval authority limits for credit exposure and reporting.
In general, consumer loans (including mortgage and home equity) have a lower risk profile than commercial loans. Commercial loans (including commercial real estate, commercial non real estate and construction loans) are generally larger in size and more complex than consumer loans. Commercial real estate loans are deemed less risky than commercial non real estate and construction loans, because the collateral value of real estate generally maintains its value better than non real estate or construction collateral. Consumer loans, which are smaller in size and more geographically diverse across the Corporation’s entire primary market area, provide risk diversity across the portfolio. Because mortgage
47
loans are secured by first liens on the consumer’s residential real estate, they are the Corporation’s lowest risk profile loan type. Home equity loans are deemed less risky than unsecured consumer loans, as home equity loans and lines are secured by first or second deeds of trust on the borrower’s residential real estate. A centralized decision-making process is in place to control the risk of the consumer, home equity, and mortgage loan portfolio. The consumer real estate appraisal process is also centralized relative to appraisal engagement, appraisal review, and appraiser quality assessment. These processes are detailed in the underwriting guidelines, which cover each retail loan product type from underwriting, servicing, compliance issues and closing procedures.
Periodically, the Corporation finances consumer lot loans in association with developer lot loan programs. As previously disclosed, during the second quarter, the Bank identified a large exposure to undeveloped lots in real estate development projects in Spruce Pine, NC. As a result of this finding, policies and procedures associated with participation in developer lot programs have been enhanced to mitigate potential concentration and construction risk. Enhancements include: 1) commercial underwriting of development projects prior to entering into lot programs to identify potential construction risks, 2) modification of the consumer loan application to include the collection of data for developer, subdivision, and development status of the financed lot in order to provide improved concentration reporting, 3) adjustments in policy to restrict consumer loan origination to borrowers located in the Corporation’s primary markets, and 4) strengthened internal controls to enhance the Corporation’s ability to identify fraud.
At June 30, 2007, the substantial majority of the total loan portfolio, including the commercial and real estate portfolio, represented loans to borrowers within the Metro regions of Charlotte and Raleigh, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia. The diverse economic base of these regions tends to provide a stable lending environment; however, an economic downturn in the Charlotte region, the Corporation’s primary market area, could adversely affect its business.
Additionally, the Corporation’s loan portfolio consists of certain non-traditional loan products. Some of these products include interest-only loans, loans with initial interest rates that are below the market interest rate for the initial period of the loan-term and may increase when that period ends and loans with a high loan-to-value ratio. Based on the Corporation’s assessment, these products do not give rise to a concentration of credit risk.
Derivatives
The Corporation enters into interest rate swap agreements or other derivative transactions as business conditions warrant. As of June 30, 2007, and December 31, 2006, the Corporation had no interest rate swap agreements or other derivative transactions outstanding.
Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets are comprised of nonaccrual loans and other real estate owned (“OREO”). The nonaccrual status is determined after a loan is 90 days past due or when deemed not collectible in full as to principal or interest, unless in management’s opinion collection of both principal and interest is assured by way of collateralization, guarantees, or other security and the loan is in the process of collection. OREO represents real estate acquired through foreclosure or deed in lieu thereof and is generally carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to sell.
Management’s policy for any accruing loan greater than 90 days past due is to perform an analysis of the loan, including a consideration of the financial position of the borrower and any guarantor, as well as the value of the collateral, and use this information to make an assessment as to whether collectibility of the principal and interest appears probable. If such collectibility is not probable, the loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when management determines, based on an evaluation of the underlying collateral together with the borrower’s payment record and financial
48
condition, that the borrower has the ability and intent to meet the contractual obligations of the loan agreement. As of June 30, 2007, no loans were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest.
A summary of nonperforming assets follow:
Table SeventeenNonperforming Assets
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30 | | | March 31 | | | December 31 | | | September 30 | | | June 30 | |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
|
Nonaccrual loans | | $ | 17,387 | | | $ | 10,943 | | | $ | 8,200 | | | $ | 7,090 | | | $ | 7,763 | |
Loans 90 days or more past due accruing interest | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
|
Total nonperforming loans | | | 17,387 | | | | 10,943 | | | | 8,200 | | | | 7,090 | | | | 7,763 | |
Other real estate | | | 2,726 | | | | 6,330 | | | | 6,477 | | | | 5,601 | | | | 5,902 | |
|
Nonperforming assets | | $ | 20,113 | | | $ | 17,273 | | | $ | 14,677 | | | $ | 12,691 | | | $ | 13,665 | |
|
Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total portfolio loans | | | 0.49 | % | | | 0.31 | % | | | 0.24 | % | | | 0.23 | % | | | 0.25 | % |
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | | 0.41 | | | | 0.35 | | | | 0.30 | | | | 0.29 | | | | 0.31 | |
Total portfolio loans and other real estate owned | | | 0.57 | | | | 0.49 | | | | 0.42 | | | | 0.41 | | | | 0.44 | |
Net charge-offs to average portfolio loans | | | 0.02 | | | | 0.06 | | | | 0.08 | | | | 0.13 | | | | 0.11 | |
Allowance for loan losses to portfolio loans | | | 1.26 | | | | 1.02 | | | | 1.00 | | | | 0.97 | | | | 0.96 | |
Allowance for loan losses to net charge-offs | | | 59.40 | x | | | 18.50 | x | | | 13.56 | x | | | 7.50 | x | | | 8.51 | x |
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans | | | 2.58 | x | | | 3.28 | x | | | 4.26 | x | | | 4.22 | x | | | 3.80 | x |
|
Nonaccrual loans totaled $17.4 million, or 0.49 percent of total portfolio loans, at June 30, 2007, representing a $9.2 million increase from $8.2 million, or 0.24 percent of total portfolio loans at December 31, 2006, and a $9.6 million increase from $7.8 million, or 0.25 percent, of total portfolio loans at June 30, 2006. Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total loans and OREO increased to 0.57 percent at June 30, 2007, compared to 0.42 percent at December 31, 2006 and 0.44 percent at June 30, 2006.
During the second quarter of 2007, $5.4 million of Penland lot loans were placed on nonaccrual status. One commercial relationship was the principal contributor to the remaining increase in nonperforming loans between December 31, 2006, and June 30, 2007. As of December 31, 2006, management had identified a $2.8 million commercial acquisition and development loan as a potential problem loan. At that time, management anticipated the borrower would cure the delinquency to keep the loan from reaching 90 days past due. In January 2007, this loan became 90 days past due and was placed on nonaccrual status. During the first six months of 2007, payments of $0.3 million were received, and as of June 30, 2007, the outstanding balance on this loan was $2.5 million.
Nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2007 were concentrated 31 percent in the Penland lot loans and 33 percent in loans originated in the Atlanta market. There were no other significant geographic concentrations. Nonaccrual loans primarily consisted of loans secured by real estate, including single-family residential and development construction loans. Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of loans may increase or decrease as economic conditions change. Management takes current economic conditions into consideration when estimating the allowance for loan losses. SeeAllowance for Loan Lossesfor a more detailed discussion.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The Corporation’s allowance for loan losses consists of three components: (i) valuation allowances computed on impaired loans in accordance with SFAS 114,Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan – an Amendment to FASB Statements No. 5 and No. 15; (ii) valuation allowances determined by applying historical loss rates to those loans not specifically identified as impaired; and (iii) valuation allowances for factors which management believes are not reflected in the historical loss rates or that otherwise need to be considered when estimating the allowance for loan losses. These three components are estimated quarterly and, along with a narrative analysis, comprise the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses model. The resulting components are used by management to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Beginning January 1, 2007, the Corporation began including consumer and residential mortgage loans with outstanding principal balances of $150,000 or greater in its
49
computation of impaired loans calculated under SFAS 114. The application of this methodology conforms the consumer and residential mortgage loan analysis to the Corporation’s SFAS 114 analysis for commercial loans.
All estimates of loan portfolio risk, including the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, are subject to general and local economic conditions, among other factors, which are unpredictable and beyond the Corporation’s control. Because a significant portion of the loan portfolio is comprised of real estate loans and loans to area businesses, the Corporation is subject to risk in the real estate market and changes in the economic conditions in its primary market areas. Changes in these areas can increase or decrease the provision for loan losses.
During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Corporation made no changes to its estimated loss percentages for economic factors. As a part of its quarterly assessment of the allowance for loan losses, the Corporation reviews key local, regional and national economic information and assesses its impact on the allowance for loan losses. Based on its review for the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Corporation noted that economic conditions are mixed; however, management concluded that the impact on borrowers and local industries in the Corporation’s primary market areas did not change significantly during the period. Accordingly, the Corporation did not modify its loss estimate percentage attributable to economic factors in its allowance for loan losses model.
The Corporation continuously reviews its portfolio for any concentrations of loans to any one borrower or industry. To analyze its concentrations, the Corporation prepares various reports showing total risk concentrations to borrowers by industry, as well as reports showing total risk concentrations to one borrower. At the present time, the Corporation does not believe it has concentrations of risk in any one industry or specific borrower and, therefore, has made no allocations of allowances for loan losses for this factor for any of the periods presented.
The Corporation also monitors the amount of operational risk that exists in the portfolio. This would include the front-end underwriting, documentation and closing processes associated with the lending decision. During the quarter ended June 30, 2007, the Corporation increased the additional allocation for operational reserve on its consumer lot loan portfolio. This increase was tied to weaknesses uncovered in identifying and reporting consumer lot loan exposure. As previously discussed, steps have been taken to mitigate the increased risk identified. This was the only change to the additional allocation for operational reserve during the six months ended June 30, 2007.
50
Changes in the allowance for loan losses follow:
Table Eighteen
Allowance For Loan Losses
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30 | | June 30 |
(In thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
|
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 35,854 | | | $ | 29,505 | | | $ | 34,966 | | | $ | 28,725 | |
Charge-offs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial non real estate | | | 113 | | | | 108 | | | | 359 | | | | 359 | |
Commercial real estate | | | 127 | | | | 260 | | | | 140 | | | | 335 | |
Mortgage | | | 35 | | | | 10 | | | | 68 | | | | 21 | |
Home equity | | | 64 | | | | 447 | | | | 194 | | | | 948 | |
Consumer | | | 208 | | | | 310 | | | | 572 | | | | 701 | |
|
Total charge-offs | | | 547 | | | | 1,135 | | | | 1,333 | | | | 2,364 | |
|
Recoveries | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial non real estate | | | 229 | | | | 111 | | | | 317 | | | | 439 | |
Mortgage | | | 27 | | | | — | | | | 52 | | | | — | |
Consumer | | | 103 | | | | 159 | | | | 298 | | | | 321 | |
|
Total recoveries | | | 359 | | | | 270 | | | | 667 | | | | 760 | |
|
Net charge-offs | | | 188 | | | | 865 | | | | 666 | | | | 1,604 | |
|
Provision for loan losses | | | 9,124 | | | | 880 | | | | 10,490 | | | | 2,399 | |
|
Balance at end of period | | $ | 44,790 | | | $ | 29,520 | | | $ | 44,790 | | | $ | 29,520 | |
|
Average portfolio loans | | $ | 3,532,713 | | | $ | 3,021,004 | | | $ | 3,521,637 | | | $ | 2,980,344 | |
Net charge-offs to average portfolio loans (annualized) | | | 0.02 | | | | 0.11 | % | | | 0.04 | | | | 0.11 | % |
Allowance for loan losses to portfolio loans | | | 1.26 | | | | 0.96 | | | | 1.26 | | | | 0.96 | |
|
The allowance for loan losses was $44.8 million, or 1.26 percent of portfolio loans, at June 30, 2007, compared to $29.5 million, or 0.96 percent of portfolio loans, at June 30, 2006. The increase includes the previously discussed $7.8 million provision recorded in connection with the Penland lot loans. Additionally, the Corporation’s addition of GBC’s largely commercial lot loan portfolio, a smaller concentration of lower risk home equity and mortgage loan balances, and First Charter’s credit migration trends led to the higher allowance for loan loss ratio.
Management considers the allowance for loan losses adequate to cover inherent losses in the Corporation’s loan portfolio as of the date of the financial statements. Management believes it has established the allowance in consideration of the current and expected future economic environment. While management uses the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic and other conditions. Additionally, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Corporation’s allowances for loan losses. Such agencies may require the recognition of adjustments to the allowance based on their judgment of information available to them at the time of their examinations.
51
Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses is the amount charged to earnings, which is necessary to maintain an adequate and appropriate allowance for loan losses. Accordingly, the factors, which influence changes in the allowance for loan losses, have a direct effect on the provision for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses changes from period to period as a result of a number of factors, the most significant of which for the Corporation include the following: (i) changes in the amounts of loans outstanding, which are used to estimate current probable loan losses; (ii) current charge-offs and recoveries of loans; (iii) changes in impaired loan valuation allowances; (iv) changes in credit grades within the portfolio, which arise from a deterioration or an improvement in the performance of the borrower; (v) changes in loss percentages; and (vi) changes in the mix of types of loans. In addition, the Corporation considers other, more subjective factors, which impact the credit quality of the portfolio as a whole and estimates allocations of allowance for loan losses for these factors, as well. These factors include loan concentrations, economic conditions and operational risks. Changes in these components of the allowance can arise from fluctuations in the underlying percentages used as related loss estimates for these factors, as well as variations in the portfolio balances to which they are applied. The net change in all of these components of the allowance for loan losses results in the provision for loan losses. For a more detailed discussion of the Corporation’s process for estimating the allowance for loan losses, seeAllowance for Loan Losses.
The provision for loan losses was $9.1 million for the 2007 second quarter, while net charge-offs were $0.2 million, or 0.02 percent of average portfolio loans. For the same year-ago period, the provision for loan losses was $0.9 million and net charge-offs were $0.9 million, or 0.11 percent of average portfolio loans. For the six months ended June 30, 2007, the provision for loan losses was $10.5 million, while net charge-offs were $0.7 million, or 0.04 percent of average portfolio loans. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, the provision for loan losses was $2.4 million, while net charge-offs were $1.6 million, or 0.11 percent of average portfolio loans.
The provision for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 increased primarily as a result of recording an addition provision of $7.8 million related to the previously discussed Penland lot loans. The remainder of the increase was primarily due to a change in the composition of the loan portfolio as the percentage of commercial loans continues to increase.
Market Risk Management
Asset-Liability Management and Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the exposure of earnings and capital to changes in interest rates. The objective of Asset-Liability Management (“ALM”) is to quantify and manage the change in interest rate risk associated with the Corporation’s balance sheet. The management of the ALM program includes oversight from the Board of Director’s Asset and Liability Committee (“Board ALCO”) and the Management Asset and Liability Committee (“Management ALCO”). Two primary metrics used in analyzing interest rate risk are earnings at risk (“EAR”) and economic value of equity (“EVE”). The Board of Directors has established limits on the EAR and EVE risk measures. Management ALCO, comprised of select members of executive and senior management, is charged with measuring performance relative to those limits and reporting the Bank’s performance to Board ALCO. Interest rate risk is measured and monitored through simulation modeling. The process is validated regularly by an independent third party.
Both the EAR and the EVE risk measures were within policy guidelines as of June 30, 2007, and December 31, 2006.
Management considers EAR to be the best measure of short-term interest rate risk. This measure reflects the amount of net interest income that will be impacted by a change in interest rates over a 12- month time frame. A simulation model is used to run immediate and parallel changes in interest rates (rate
52
shocks) from a base scenario using implied forward rates. At a minimum, rate shock scenarios are run at plus and minus 100, 200, and 300 basis points. From time to time, additional simulations are run to assess risk from changes in the slope of the yield curve. The simulation model projects the net interest income over the next 12 months for each scenario using consistent balance sheet growth projections and calculates the percentage change from the base scenario. Board ALCO has approved a policy limit for the change in EAR over a 12-month period of minus 10 percent to a plus or minus 200 basis point shock to interest rates. At June 30, 2007, the estimated EAR to a 200 basis point increase in rates was plus 4.4 percent while the estimated EAR to a 200 basis point decrease in rates was minus 7.1 percent. This compares with plus 4.7 percent and minus 5.6 percent, respectively, at December 31, 2006. A change in the earning asset and funding mix contributed to the change in the EAR measures from December 31, 2006.
Management considers EVE to be the best measure of long-term interest rate risk. This measure reflects the amount of net equity that will be impacted by changes in interest rates. Through simulation modeling, the Corporation estimates the economic value of assets and the economic value of liabilities. The difference between these two measures is the EVE. The EVE is calculated for a series of scenarios in which current rates are shocked up and down by 100, 200, and 300 basis points and compared to a base scenario using the current yield curve. Board ALCO has approved a policy limit for the percentage change in EVE of minus 15 percent to a plus or minus 200 basis point shock to interest rates. At June 30, 2007, the estimated EVE to a 200 basis point increase in rates was minus 9.2 percent, while the estimated EVE to a 200 basis point decrease in rates was plus 3.6 percent. At December 31, 2006, EVE risk was minus 7.4 percent and plus 3.1 percent, respectively. Changes in market rates and prepayment expectations accounted for the majority of the change in the EVE measure from December 31, 2006.
The result of any simulation is inherently uncertain and will not precisely estimate the impact of changes in rates on net interest income or the economic value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from simulated results due to, but not limited to, the timing and magnitude of the change in interest rates, changes in management strategies, and changes in market conditions.
Table Nineteensummarizes, as of June 30, 2007, the expected maturities and weighted average effective yields and rates associated with certain of the Corporation’s significant non-trading financial instruments. Cash and cash equivalents, federal funds sold, and interest-bearing bank deposits are excluded fromTable Nineteenas their respective carrying values approximate fair value. These financial instruments generally expose the Corporation to insignificant market risk as they have either no stated maturities or an average maturity of less than 30 days and interest rates that approximate market rates. However, these financial instruments could expose the Corporation to interest rate risk by requiring more or less reliance on alternative funding sources, such as long-term debt. The mortgage-backed securities are shown at their weighted-average expected life, obtained from an independent evaluation of the average remaining life of each security based on expected prepayment speeds of the underlying mortgages at June 30, 2007. These expected maturities, weighted-average effective yields, and fair values would change if interest rates change. Expected maturities for indeterminate demand, money market and savings deposits are estimated based on historical average lives.
53
Table Nineteen
Market Risk
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | Expected Maturity |
(Dollars in thousands) | | Total | | 1 Year | | 2 Years | | 3 Years | | 4 Years | | 5 Years | | Thereafter |
|
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost | | $ | 735,571 | | | $ | 342,550 | | | $ | 217,796 | | | $ | 102,183 | | | $ | 41,777 | | | $ | 8,730 | | | $ | 22,535 | |
Weighted-average effective yield | | | 4.81 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 725,881 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Variable rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost | | $ | 177,313 | | | | 26,562 | | | | 26,393 | | | | 26,586 | | | | 9,626 | | | | 5,038 | | | | 83,108 | |
Weighted-average effective yield | | | 4.39 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 172,647 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and loans held for sale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Book value | | $ | 990,947 | | | | 232,169 | | | | 213,689 | | | | 171,377 | | | | 120,030 | | | | 121,088 | | | | 132,594 | |
Weighted-average effective yield | | | 7.15 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 976,903 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Variable rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Book value | | $ | 2,529,571 | | | | 1,287,254 | | | | 333,563 | | | | 194,519 | | | | 98,979 | | | | 72,320 | | | | 542,936 | |
Weighted-average effective yield | | | 7.83 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 2,527,403 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Book value | | $ | 1,620,433 | | | | 1,443,986 | | | | 152,169 | | | | 11,061 | | | | 6,742 | | | | 5,353 | | | | 1,122 | |
Weighted-average effective yield | | | 4.79 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 1,624,318 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Variable rate Book value | | $ | 1,129,834 | | | | 354,624 | | | | 250,258 | | | | 249,746 | | | | 122,553 | | | | 71,700 | | | | 80,953 | |
Weighted-average effective yield | | | 2.23 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 1,049,275 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term borrowings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Book value | | $ | 345,905 | | | | 200,056 | | | | 70,058 | | | | 25,062 | | | | 50,054 | | | | 22 | | | | 653 | |
Weighted-average effective yield | | | 4.65 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 339,224 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Variable rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Book value | | $ | 271,857 | | | | 185,000 | | | | 25,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 61,857 | |
Weighted-average effective yield | | | 5.32 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 271,486 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Off-Balance-Sheet Risk
The Corporation is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer so long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates and may require collateral from the borrower if deemed necessary by the Corporation. Included in loan commitments are commitments of $38.6 million to cover customer deposit account overdrafts should they occur. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Corporation to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party up to a stipulated amount and with specified terms and conditions. Standby letters of credit are recorded as a liability by the Corporation at the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. Commitments to extend credit are not recorded as an asset or liability by the Corporation until the instrument is exercised. Refer toNote 12of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of these commitments. The Corporation does not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, other than the trust preferred securities.
54
The following table presents, as of June 30, 2007, aggregated information and expected maturities of commitments.
Table Twenty
Commitments
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | Less than | | | | | | | | Timing not | | |
(In thousands) | | 1 year | | 1-3 Years | | 4-5 Years | | Over 5 Years | | determinable | | Total |
|
Loan commitments | | $ | 703,813 | | | $ | 118,172 | | | $ | 42,662 | | | $ | 59,637 | | | $ | — | | $ | 924,284 | |
Lines of credit | | | 31,390 | | | | 1,639 | | | | 2,921 | | | | 455,613 | | | | — | | | 491,563 | |
Standby letters of credit | | | 22,920 | | | | 3,548 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | 26,468 | |
Anticipated tax settlements | | | 584 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,551 | | | 11,135 | |
|
Total commitments | | $ | 758,707 | | | $ | 123,359 | | | $ | 45,583 | | | $ | 515,250 | | | $ | 10,551 | | $ | 1,453,450 | |
|
Commitments to extend credit, including loan commitments, standby letters of credit, anticipated tax settlements and commercial letters of credit do not necessarily represent future cash requirements, in that these commitments often expire without being drawn upon.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity is the ability to maintain cash flows adequate to fund operations and meet obligations and other commitments on a timely and cost-effective basis. Liquidity is provided by the ability to attract retail deposits, by current earnings, and by a strong capital base that enables the Corporation to use alternative funding sources that complement normal sources. Management’s asset-liability policy includes optimizing net interest income while continuing to provide adequate liquidity to meet continuing loan demand and deposit withdrawal requirements and to service normal operating expenses.
Liquidity is managed at two levels. The first is the liquidity of the Corporation. The second is the liquidity of the Bank. The management of liquidity at both levels is essential, because the Corporation and the Bank have different funding needs and sources, and each are subject to certain regulatory guidelines and requirements.
The primary source of funding for the Corporation includes dividends received from the Bank and proceeds from the issuance of common stock. In addition, the Corporation had commercial paper outstanding of $77.8 million at June 30, 2007. Primary uses of funds for the Corporation include repayment of commercial paper, share repurchases, operating expenses, and dividends paid to shareholders. During 2005, the Corporation issued trust preferred securities through specially formed trusts in an aggregate amount of $60.0 million. The proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities were used to purchase $61.9 million of subordinated debentures from the Corporation (the “Notes”). The Notes are presented as long-term borrowings in the consolidated balance sheet and are includable in Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes, subject to certain limitations.
Primary sources of funding for the Bank include customer deposits, wholesale deposits, other borrowings, loan repayments, and available-for-sale securities. The Bank has access to federal funds lines from various banks and borrowings from the Federal Reserve discount window. In addition to these sources, the Bank is a member of the FHLB, which provides access to FHLB lending sources. At June 30, 2007, the Bank had a maximum line of credit with the FHLB totaling $1.5 billion with $820.9 million outstanding. At June 30, 2007, the Bank also had $363.0 million of federal funds lines with $88.0 million outstanding. Primary uses of funds include repayment of maturing obligations and growing the loan portfolio.
Management believes the Corporation’s and the Bank’s sources of liquidity are adequate to meet loan demand, operating needs, and deposit withdrawal requirements.
55
Capital Management
The Corporation views capital as its most valuable and most expensive funding source. The objective of effective capital management is to generate above-market returns on equity to the Corporation’s shareholders while maintaining adequate regulatory capital ratios. Some of the Corporation’s primary uses of capital include funding growth, asset acquisition, dividend payments, and common stock repurchases.
Select capital measures follow:
Table Twenty-one
Capital Measures
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | June 30 | | December 31 |
| | 2007 | | 2006 |
(Dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio |
|
Total equity/total assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 445,828 | | | | 9.07 | % | | $ | 447,362 | | | | 9.21 | % |
First Charter Bank | | | 481,001 | | | | 9.82 | | | | 371,459 | | | | 8.45 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tangible equity/tangible assets(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 361,721 | | | | 7.48 | % | | $ | 362,294 | | | | 7.59 | % |
First Charter Bank | | | 396,894 | | | | 8.24 | | | | 351,246 | | | | 8.03 | |
|
| | |
(1) | | The tangible equity ratio excludes goodwill and other intangible assets from both the numerator and the denominator. |
Shareholders’ equity at June 30, 2007, decreased to $445.8 million, representing 9.1 percent of period-end total assets, compared to $447.4 million, or 9.2 percent, of period-end total assets at December 31, 2006. This decrease was primarily due to cash dividends of $0.39 per common share, which resulted in cash dividend declarations of $13.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and the repurchase of 500,000 shares of stock during the second quarter which decreased equity $10.6 million. In addition, accumulated other comprehensive loss (after-tax unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities) increased $2.8 million to $8.7 million at June 30, 2007, compared to $5.9 million at December 31, 2006. The decrease in shareholders’ equity was partially offset by net income of $21.3 million and $4.9 million of stock issued under stock-based compensation plans and the Corporation’s dividend reinvestment plan.
On January 23, 2002, the Corporation’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1.5 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock. As of June 30, 2007, the Corporation had repurchased all of shares of its common stock under this authorization, including 125,400 shares repurchased during the second quarter of 2007, at an average per-share price of $17.82, which has reduced shareholders’ equity by $27.1 million.
On October 24, 2003, the Corporation’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1.5 million additional shares of the Corporation’s common stock. During the quarter ending June 30, 2007, the Corporation repurchased 374,600 shares under this authorization at an average per-share price of $21.19, which has reduced shareholders’ equity by $8.0 million.
The Corporation has remaining authority to repurchase 1.1 million shares of its common stock.
During 2005, the Corporation issued trust preferred securities through specially formed trusts in an aggregate amount of $60.0 million. The proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities were used to purchase $61.9 million of subordinated debentures from the Corporation (the “Notes”). The Notes are presented as long-term borrowings in the consolidated balance sheet and are includable in Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes, subject to certain limitations.
The Corporation’s and the Bank’s various regulators have issued regulatory capital guidelines for U.S. banking organizations. Failure to meet the capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and
56
discretionary actions by regulators that could have a material effect on the Corporation’s financial position and results of operations. At June 30, 2007, the Corporation and the Bank were classified as “well capitalized” under these regulatory frameworks.
The Corporation’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios at June 30, 2007 follow:
Table Twenty-two
Capital Ratios
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | For Capital | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Adequacy Purposes | | To Be Well Capitalized |
| | Actual | | | | | | | | | | Minimum | | | | | | Minimum |
(Dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio |
|
|
Leverage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 430,373 | | | | 8.97 | % | | $ | 192,023 | | | | 4.00 | % | | None | | None |
First Charter Bank | | | 411,177 | | | | 8.57 | | | | 191,914 | | | | 4.00 | | | $ | 239,893 | | | | 5.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tier I Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 430,373 | | | | 10.57 | % | | $ | 162,932 | | | | 4.00 | % | | None | | None |
First Charter Bank | | | 411,177 | | | | 10.10 | | | | 162,782 | | | | 4.00 | | | $ | 244,174 | | | | 6.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Risk-Based Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Charter Corporation | | $ | 475,358 | | | | 11.67 | % | | $ | 325,863 | | | | 8.00 | % | | None | | None |
First Charter Bank | | | 455,967 | | | | 11.20 | | | | 325,565 | | | | 8.00 | | | $ | 406,956 | | | | 10.00 | % |
|
In the third quarter 2007, the Corporation anticipates opening a new branch in Cabarrus County, North Carolina. The opening of this branch will result in additional depreciation and related expenses. Opening this new branch is part of the Corporation’s growth strategy for generating new deposit growth and the related revenues associated with the accounts and other products.
Regulatory Recommendations
Management is not presently aware of any current recommendations to the Corporation or to the Bank by regulatory authorities, which if they were to be implemented, would have a material effect on the Corporation’s liquidity, capital resources, or operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Developments
Note 2to the consolidated financial statements discusses new accounting pronouncements adopted by the Corporation during 2007 and other recently issued pronouncements that have not yet been adopted by the Corporation. To the extent the adoption of new accounting pronouncements materially affects financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity, the effects are discussed in the applicable section ofManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsandNotes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
From time to time, the FASB issues exposure drafts for proposed statements of financial accounting standards. Such exposure drafts are subject to comment from the public, to revisions by the FASB and to final issuance by the FASB as statements of financial accounting standards. Management considers the effect of the proposed statements on the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and monitors the status of changes to and proposed effective dates of exposure drafts.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
SeeManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Market Risk Management — Asset-Liability Management and Interest Rate Riskon pages 52-54 for Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of June 30, 2007, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13(a)-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Registrant’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation and the identification of the material weaknesses in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting as described in the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 (the “Material Weaknesses”), the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Registrant in its reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Registrant’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
As disclosed inItem 9A. Controls and Proceduresof the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, management has begun to implement a comprehensive plan for remedying the Material Weaknesses (the “Remediation Plan”). In furtherance of the Remediation Plan, the following changes in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act), have occurred during or following the quarter ended June 30, 2007.
The Registrant has enhanced its internal governance and compliance function. Periodic and regular meetings are being held with the internal governance and compliance functions to discuss and coordinate operational, compliance and financial matters as well as the progress of the Remediation Plan.
| • | | The Registrant has reassessed, reviewed, and approved the charters that govern the internal governance and compliance functions which include, but are not limited to, the Disclosure Committee, Compliance Risk Committee, Asset and Liability Committee, Technology Steering Committee, Sarbanes Oxley Review Committee. Where deemed necessary, various amendments to these documents have also been adopted. The Registrant’s Management has communicated the charters to the respective internal governance and compliance functions. |
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| • | | These functions also have reassessed their reporting practices and have enhanced their evaluation processes. |
Except as discussed above, there have been no changes in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2007, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Corporation and the Bank are defendants in certain claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate disposition of these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated results of operations, liquidity, or financial condition of the Corporation or the Bank.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
As previously disclosed, on April 5, 2007, the Corporation filed its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. As a result of this filing, on April 9, 2007, NASDAQ notified the Corporation that it had regained compliance with NASDAQ Rule 4310 (c) (14). Consequently, the Corporation’s common stock is no longer subject to delisting by NASDAQ.
With the exception of the change noted above, there have been no material changes from those risk factors previously disclosed inItem 1A Risk Factorsof Part I of the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) Sale of Unregistered Equity Securities
As previously disclosed, on December 1, 2004, the Corporation, through First Charter Bank, its primary banking subsidiary, acquired substantially all of the assets of Smith & Associates Insurance Services Inc., a property and casualty insurance agency (the “Agency”), pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of the same date (the “Purchase Agreement”). No underwriters were used in connection with this transaction. In connection with this transaction, the Corporation has previously issued an aggregate of 42,198 shares of Common Stock valued at $1,112,000 to the Agency. On May 1, 2007, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and based upon the performance of the business for the period December 1, 2005 through November 30, 2006 the Corporation issued 10,632 additional shares of Common Stock valued at $256,000. The issuance of the shares in connection with this transaction was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in accordance with Section 4(2) thereof, as a transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering. The Purchase Agreement also contemplates one additional, subsequent issuance of Common Stock based upon the future performance of the acquired business. The Corporation presently expects the value of this future issuance, if earned, to total approximately $200,000.
(c) Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
The following table summarizes the Corporation’s repurchases of its common stock during the quarter ended June 30, 2007.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | Total Number of | | Maximum Number |
| | | | | | | | | | Shares Purchased | | of Shares |
| | Total Number | | Average Price | | as Part of | | That May Yet be |
| | of Shares | | Paid | | Publicly-Announced | | Purchased under |
Period | | Purchased | | Per Share | | Plans or Programs | | the Plans or Programs |
|
April 1, 2007 - April 30, 2007 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,625,400 | |
May 1, 2007 - May 31, 2007 | | | 243,500 | | | | 21.07 | | | | 243,500 | | | | 1,381,900 | |
June 1, 2007 - June 30, 2007 | | | 256,500 | | | | 21.25 | | | | 256,500 | | | | 1,125,400 | |
|
Total | | | 500,000 | | | | 21.20 | | | | 500,000 | | | | 1,125,400 | |
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On January 23, 2002, the Corporation’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan to acquire up to 1.5 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock from time to time. As of June 30, 2007, the Corporation had repurchased all shares under this authorization.
On October 24, 2003, the Corporation’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan to acquire up to an additional 1.5 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock from time to time. As of June 30, 2007, the Corporation had repurchased 374,600 shares under this authorization.
There were 500,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock repurchased during the three months ended June 30, 2007. The maximum number of shares that may yet be repurchased under the plans or programs was 1,125,400 at June 30, 2007. The October 24, 2003 stock repurchase authorization has no set expiration or termination date.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
(a) First Charter Corporation’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders was held on May 23, 2007.
(c) The following are the voting results on each matter (exclusive of procedural matters) submitted to the shareholders:
1. To elect five directors to the Corporation’s Board of Directors with terms expiring in 2010 and one director with a term expiring in 2008.
| | | | | | | | |
| | For | | Withheld |
Terms expiring in 2010 | | |
Jewell D. Hoover | | | 26,205,922 | | | | 912,047 | |
Walter H. Jones, Jr | | | 22,155,428 | | | | 4,962,541 | |
Samuel C. King, Jr. | | | 25,955,112 | | | | 1,162,857 | |
Jerry E. McGee | | | 25,988,347 | | | | 1,129,622 | |
John S. Poelker | | | 26,148,813 | | | | 969,156 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Term expiring in 2008 | | | | | | | | |
Richard F. Combs | | | 26,337,344 | | | | 780,625 | |
2. To ratify the action of the Corporation’s Audit Committee in appointing KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as their auditor for 2007.
| | | | |
For | | | 26,269,777 | |
Against | | | 720,111 | |
Abstain | | | 128,081 | |
Broker Non-Votes | | | — | |
Item 5. Other Information
Not Applicable.
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Item 6. Exhibits
| | |
Exhibit No. | | Description of Exhibits |
|
10.1 | | Transition Agreement, dated May 16, 2007, by and between the Registrant and Charles A. Caswell, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 16, 2007 |
| | |
10.2 | | Description of retention bonus compensation arrangement between the Registrant and Sheila A. Stoke, incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 16, 2007 |
| | |
12.1 | | Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges |
| | |
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| | |
31.2 | | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| | |
32.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| | |
32.2 | | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | |
| FIRST CHARTER CORPORATION (Registrant) | |
Date: August 8, 2007 | By: | /s/ Sheila A. Stoke | |
| | Sheila A. Stoke | |
| | Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller (Principal Financial Officer duly authorized to sign on behalf of the Registrant) | |
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