| SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include MainSource Financial Group, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, together referred to as “the Company”. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.
The Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries include MainSource Bank (“the Bank”), MainSource Title, LLC, MainSource Insurance, LLC, Insurance Services Marketing, LLC, and MainSource Risk Management. In the second quarter of 2016, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding common shares of Cheviot Financial Corp, (“Cheviot”) and its subsidiary Cheviot Savings Bank. At the date of acquisition, Cheviot Savings Bank was merged into MainSource Bank. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding common shares of MBT Bancorp (“MBT”) and its subsidiary The Merchant’s Bank and Trust Company. At the date of acquisition, The Merchant’s Bank and Trust Company was merged into MainSource Bank. (See NOTE 26).
The Company provides financial services through its offices in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, and Kentucky. Its primary deposit products are checking, savings, and term certificate accounts, and its primary lending products are residential mortgage, commercial, and installment loans. Substantially all loans are secured by specific items of collateral including business assets, consumer assets and real estate. Other financial instruments which potentially represent concentrations of credit risk include deposit accounts in other financial institutions and federal funds sold. See the Loan Policy section for further discussion on loan information.
Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided and actual results could differ.
Cash Flows: Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, interest bearing deposits with other financial institutions with maturities under 90 days, money market funds and federal funds sold. Net cash flows are reported for loan and deposit transactions, federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements.
Interest-Bearing Time Deposits: Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions mature within one year and are carried at cost.
Securities: Securities are classified as available for sale when they might be sold before maturity. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax.
Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level‑yield method, which considers prepayments only on mortgage‑backed securities. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and are based on the amortized cost of the security sold. The Company evaluates securities for other‑than‑temporary impairment (“OTTI”) at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near‑term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: 1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and 2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. For equity securities, the entire amount of impairment is recognized through earnings.
Loans Held for Sale: Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or fair value in the aggregate, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings.
Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with servicing rights retained. The carrying value of mortgage loans sold is reduced by the amount allocated to the servicing right. Gains and losses on sales of mortgage loans are based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold.
Loans: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums or discounts, unearned interest, deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level‑yield method without anticipating prepayments.
For all classes of financing receivables, interest income is not reported when full loan repayment is in doubt, typically when the loan is impaired or payments are past due over 90 days. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. Loans are placed on non‑accrual or charged‑off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.
For all classes of financing receivables, interest accrued but not received for loans placed on non‑accrual is reversed against interest income. Payments received on such loans subsequent to being placed on non‑accrual are applied to the principal balance of the loans. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Non‑accrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. Troubled Debt Restructurings, (“TDRs”) normally follow the same guidelines as regular loans in placing on non‑accrual status.
Loans acquired in a business combination are designated as purchased loans. These loans are recorded at their fair value at acquisition date, factoring in credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. An allowance for loan losses is not carried over as of the acquisition date. Loans purchased with evidence of credit deterioration since origination for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are accounted for under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. Expected cash flows at the acquisition date in excess of the fair value of loans are considered to be accretable yield, which is recognized as interest income over the life of the loan using a level yield method.
Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged‑off.
The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent 3 years. However, a floor of 15 basis points of historical losses is used to reflect a minimum level of risk in a portfolio segment. This actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present. These economic factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. The allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment also consists of reserves on certain loans that are classified but determined not to be impaired based on an analysis which incorporates probability of default with a loss given default scenario.
For allowance purposes, the following portfolio segments have been identified: Commercial, Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”), Residential and Consumer. The classes within the Commercial portfolio are commercial and industrial and agricultural. The classes within the Commercial Real Estate portfolio are farm, hotel, construction and development, and other. The classes within the Residential portfolio are 1‑4 family and home equity. Finally, the classes within the Consumer portfolio are direct and indirect.
The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows:
Commercial
The commercial portfolio contains commercial and industrial and agricultural loans. Commercial loans are made to commercial customers for use in normal business operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchases, agricultural financing, or other projects and are repaid from operations of the business. The majority of these borrowers are customers doing business within the Company’s geographic regions. Commercial loans are generally underwritten individually and secured with the assets of the company and/or the personal guarantee of the business owners. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.
Commercial real estate
Commercial real estate loans consist of loans for income‑producing real estate properties and real estate developers. The Company mitigates its risk on these loans by requiring collateral values that exceed the loan amount and underwriting the loan with projected cash flow in excess of the debt service requirement. These loans are made to finance properties such as apartment buildings, office and industrial buildings, hotels, farm real estate, and retail shopping centers; and are repaid through cash flows related to the operation, sale, or refinance of the property.
Residential
The residential portfolio contains residential mortgage and home equity loans. Residential mortgage loans represent loans to consumers for the purchase or refinance of a residence. These loans are generally financed over a 15 to 30 year term, and in most cases, are extended to borrowers to finance their primary residence. Residential loans are secured by the residence being financed. For residential loans that are secured by 1‑4 family residences and are generally owner occupied, the Company generally establishes a maximum loan‑to‑value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity lending includes both home equity loans and lines‑of‑credit. This type of lending, which is secured by a first‑ or second‑ lien on the borrower’s residence, allows customers to borrow against the equity in their home. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Repayment can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.
Consumer
The consumer portfolio consists of direct and indirect installment loans. The largest percentage of the direct consumer loans are automobile loans and the automobile or other vehicle is normally used as collateral for the loan. The Company no longer writes any indirect loans. These loans are generally financed over a short (3‑7 year) time horizon. Similar to the residential loans above, repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.
All loans are charged off when the Company has determined that future collectability of the entire loan balance is doubtful. For commercial and commercial real estate loans, collateral dependent loans are written down to fair value less cost to sell.
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case‑by‑case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans, for which the terms have been modified, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial and commercial real estate loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and residential real estate loans for impairment disclosures. A specific reserve is established as a component of the allowance when a loan has been determined to be impaired for all commercial and commercial real estate relationships greater than $250.
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Stock: The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. FHLB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.
Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight‑line method with useful lives ranging from 30 to 39 years for buildings and 5 to 15 years for related components. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of its useful life or lease term. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight‑line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years.
Foreclosed Assets: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value net of estimated selling costs when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell. If fair value declines after acquisition, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Costs after acquisition are expensed.
Company Owned Life Insurance: The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain employees. Company owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.
Servicing Assets: Servicing rights are recognized separately when they are acquired through sales of loans. When mortgage loans are sold, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in mortgage banking in non‑interest income. Fair value is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into non‑interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.
Servicing assets are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into groupings based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances are reported with mortgage banking on the income statement. The fair values of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.
Servicing fee income, which is reported on the income statement as mortgage banking in non‑interest income, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal, or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. The amortization of mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income. Servicing fees totaled $2,653, $2,415 and $2,065 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Late fees and ancillary fees related to loan servicing are not material.
Mortgage Banking Derivatives: Commitments to fund mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as free standing derivatives. Fair values of interest rate locks are recorded at the time of commitment, adjusted for expected fall out before the loan is funded. The Company enters into forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans when interest rate locks are entered into, in order to hedge the change in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. The fair value of these forward commitments is estimated based on the change in mortgage interest rates from the date the commitment is entered into. Any changes are recorded in mortgage banking on the income statement. The amount of income/(expense) related to these derivatives was $(52), $(275), and $450 in 2016, 2015, and 2014 and is included in the “Gain from sale of mortgage loans and interest rate locks” in Note 14. See Note 14 for additional information on mortgage banking activities.
Transfers of Financial Assets: Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement or option to repurchase them before their maturity.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill resulting from business combinations prior to January 1, 2009 represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired tangible assets and liabilities and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill resulting from business combinations after January 1, 2009, is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually and more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. The Company has selected June 30 of each year as the date to perform its impairment review. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the Company’s balance sheet.
Other intangible assets consist largely of core deposit and acquired customer relationship intangibles arising from whole bank and branch acquisitions. They are initially measured at fair value and then are amortized on an accelerated method over their estimated useful lives, generally ten years.
Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments : Financial instruments include off‑balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.
Long‑term Assets: Premises and equipment and other long‑term assets are reviewed for impairment when events indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are recorded at fair value.
Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.
The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
Stock‑Based Compensation: Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. A Black‑Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight‑line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.
Retirement Plans: Employee 401(k) and profit sharing plan expense is the amount of matching contributions and discretionary contributions, respectively.
Earnings Per Common Share: Basic earnings per common share is net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share include the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under stock options as well as stock warrants issued as part of the Treasury Department’s Capital Purchase Program. Earnings and dividends per share are restated for all stock splits and dividends through the date of issuance of the financial statements.
Comprehensive Income: Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale which are also recognized as a separate component of equity.
Loss Contingencies: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are now any such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.
Restrictions on Cash: Cash on hand or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank is required to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements.
Equity: Stock dividends in excess of 20% are reported by transferring the par value of the stock issued from retained earnings to common stock. Stock dividends for 20% or less are reported by transferring the fair value, as of the ex‑dividend date, of the stock issued from retained earnings to common stock and additional paid‑in capital. Fractional share amounts are paid in cash with a reduction in retained earnings. Treasury stock is carried at cost and valued on an average cost basis.
Dividend Restriction: Banking regulations require banks to maintain certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid to the holding companies or by holding companies to shareholders.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 7. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.
Operating Segments: While the Company monitors the revenue streams of its various products and services, the identifiable segments are not material and operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company‑ wide basis. Accordingly, all of the Company’s financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.
Reclassifications: Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or shareholders’ equity.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards and Newly Issued Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards:
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606 ) ” ASU 2014-09 says that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved amendments deferring the effective date by one year. ASU 2014-09 is now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The amendments can be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this Update recognized at the date of initial application. Early application is permitted but not before the original public entity effective date, i.e ., annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company has determined that ASU No 2014-09 will not have a significant impact on its financial statements as a significant portion of the Company’s revenue is scoped out of the standard.
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) – Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments.” ASU 2015-16 requires that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. It also requires that the acquirer record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. This ASU requires an entity to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. ASU 2016-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years. This ASU should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of this ASU with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. The Company implemented this ASU with the acquisition of Cheviot Financial Corp in the second quarter of 2016.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01 “Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” ASU 2016-01 is intended to improve the recognition and measurement of financial instruments by requiring equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; requiring public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; requiring separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; eliminating the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured and amortized at cost on the balance sheet; and requiring a reporting organization to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the organization has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments should be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The amendments related to equity securities without readily determinable fair values (including disclosure requirements) should be applied prospectively to equity investments that exist as o |
