Bank Loans | NOTE 8 – B ank Loans The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major loan category in our bank loan portfolio at December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except percentages) : December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Balance Percent Balance Percent Residential real estate $ 8,565,193 41.0 % $ 8,047,647 41.4 % Commercial and industrial 4,062,029 19.5 3,566,987 18.3 Fund banking 3,854,222 18.5 3,633,126 18.7 Securities-based loans 2,389,593 11.4 2,306,455 11.9 Construction and land 1,242,002 5.9 1,034,370 5.3 Commercial real estate 518,923 2.5 660,631 3.4 Home equity lines of credit 193,850 0.9 136,270 0.7 Other 53,933 0.3 55,981 0.3 Gross bank loans 20,879,745 100.0 % 19,441,467 100.0 % Loans in process/(unapplied loan payments), net ( 2,885 ) 1,108 Unamortized loan fees, net ( 5,756 ) ( 8,478 ) Allowance for loan losses ( 139,308 ) ( 128,292 ) Loans held for investment, net $ 20,731,796 $ 19,305,805 At December 31, 2024 and 2023, Stifel Bancorp had loans outstanding to its executive officers and directors and executive officers and directors of certain affiliated entities in the amount of $ 39.6 million and $ 46.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had loans held for sale of $ 579.0 million and $ 424.0 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, we recognized losses, included in other income in the consolidated statements of operations, of $ 5.0 million, $ 1.2 million, and $ 7.8 million, respectively, from the sale of originated loans, net of fees and costs. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, loans, primarily consisting of residential and commercial real estate loans of $ 7.9 billion and $ 7.4 billion, respectively, were pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank as collateral for borrowings. At December 31, 2024, loans of $ 2.5 billion were pledged with the Federal Reserve discount window. Accrued interest receivable for loans and loans held for sale at December 31, 2024 and 2023, was $ 92.6 million and $ 94.0 million, respectively, and is reported in other assets on the consolidated statement of financial condition. The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands) . Year Ended December 31, 2024 Beginning Provision Charge- Recoveries Ending Commercial and industrial $ 67,077 $ 35,369 $ ( 10,688 ) $ 940 $ 92,698 Commercial real estate 21,386 ( 13,329 ) ( 1,690 ) 1,690 8,057 Residential real estate 13,855 ( 2,794 ) — — 11,061 Construction and land 11,817 7,809 ( 6,760 ) — 12,866 Fund banking 10,173 619 — — 10,792 Securities-based loans 3,035 ( 118 ) — — 2,917 Home equity lines of credit 371 ( 54 ) — — 317 Other 578 177 ( 159 ) 4 600 $ 128,292 $ 27,679 $ ( 19,297 ) $ 2,634 $ 139,308 Year Ended December 31, 2023 Beginning Provision Charge- Recoveries Ending Commercial and industrial $ 54,143 $ 21,881 $ ( 9,100 ) $ 153 $ 67,077 Commercial real estate 12,897 8,489 — — 21,386 Residential real estate 20,441 ( 6,586 ) — — 13,855 Construction and land 8,568 3,249 — — 11,817 Fund banking 11,711 ( 1,538 ) — — 10,173 Securities-based loans 3,157 ( 122 ) — — 3,035 Home equity lines of credit 364 7 — — 371 Other 372 206 — — 578 $ 111,653 $ 25,586 $ ( 9,100 ) $ 153 $ 128,292 During the year ended December, 31, 2024, we recorded $ 25.4 million of net credit loss reserves, including $ 27.7 million of the reserve for credit losses for funded loans and $ 0.3 million related to employee retention awards, partially offset by a release of $ 2.6 million of the allowance for unfunded lending commitments. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded $ 25.0 million of net credit loss reserves, including $ 25.6 million of the reserve for credit losses for funded loans and $ 2.3 million related to uncollectible broker notes, partially offset by a release of $ 2.9 million of the allowance for unfunded lending commitments. For more information on our company’s credit loss accounting policies, including the allowance for credit losses, see Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. For more information on the reserve for unfunded lending commitments, see Note 24 – Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk. The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023, by portfolio segment (in thousands) : December 31, 2024 30-89 90 or More Total Past Current Total Residential real estate $ 12,057 $ 4,273 $ 16,330 $ 8,548,863 $ 8,565,193 Commercial and industrial 59,396 27,190 86,586 3,975,443 4,062,029 Fund banking — — — 3,854,222 3,854,222 Securities-based loans — — — 2,389,593 2,389,593 Construction and land — — — 1,242,002 1,242,002 Commercial real estate — — — 518,923 518,923 Home equity lines of credit 640 315 955 192,895 193,850 Other 7 78 85 53,848 53,933 Total $ 72,100 $ 31,856 $ 103,956 $ 20,775,789 $ 20,879,745 December 31, 2024 * Nonaccrual Nonperforming loans with no allowance Total Commercial and industrial $ 76,254 $ 13,504 $ 89,758 Construction and land — 41,412 41,412 Commercial real estate — 25,441 25,441 Residential real estate 1,433 2,463 3,896 Home equity lines of credit 201 114 315 Securities-based loans — — — Other 78 — 78 Total $ 77,966 $ 82,934 $ 160,900 * There were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at December 31, 2024. December 31, 2023 30-89 90 or More Total Past Current Total Residential real estate $ 15,312 $ 3,945 $ 19,257 $ 8,028,390 $ 8,047,647 Fund banking — — — 3,633,126 3,633,126 Commercial and industrial — 2,022 2,022 3,564,965 3,566,987 Securities-based loans — 3 3 2,306,452 2,306,455 Construction and land — — — 1,034,370 1,034,370 Commercial real estate — — — 660,631 660,631 Home equity lines of credit 570 87 657 135,613 136,270 Other 45 59 104 55,877 55,981 Total $ 15,927 $ 6,116 $ 22,043 $ 19,419,424 $ 19,441,467 December 31, 2023 * Nonaccrual Nonperforming loans with no allowance Total Commercial real estate $ 39,195 $ — $ 39,195 Residential real estate 3,090 1,000 4,090 Commercial and industrial — 2,022 2,022 Securities-based loans — 3 3 Home equity lines of credit 22 65 87 Other 59 — 59 Total $ 42,366 $ 3,090 $ 45,456 * There were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at December 31, 2023. On October 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs. See Note 2 for additional information about this guidance. Loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty which were modified during the year ended December 31, 2024, were $ 116.6 million. The gross interest income related to impaired loans, which would have been recorded, had these loans been current in accordance with their original terms, and the interest income recognized on these loans during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, were insignificant to the consolidated financial statements. Credit quality indicators As of December 31, 2024, bank loans were primarily extended to non-investment-grade borrowers. Substantially all of these loans align with the U.S. Federal bank regulatory agencies’ definition of Pass. Loans meet the definition of Pass when they are performing and do not demonstrate adverse characteristics that are likely to result in a credit loss. A loan is determined to be impaired when principal or interest becomes 90 days past due or when collection becomes uncertain. At the time a loan is determined to be impaired, the accrual of interest and amortization of deferred loan origination fees is discontinued (“nonaccrual status”), and any accrued and unpaid interest income is reversed. We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency ratios are an indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within our loan portfolio. The level of nonperforming assets represents another indicator of the potential for future credit losses. Accordingly, key metrics we track and use in evaluating the credit quality of our loan portfolio include delinquency and nonperforming asset rates, as well as charge-off rates and our internal risk ratings of the loan portfolio. In general, we are a secured lender. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, 96.8 % and 97.0 % of our loan portfolio was collateralized, respectively. Collateral is required in accordance with the normal credit evaluation process based upon the creditworthiness of the customer and the credit risk associated with the particular transaction. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass . A credit exposure rated pass has a continued expectation of timely repayment, all obligations of the borrower are current, and the obligor complies with material terms and conditions of the lending agreement. Special Mention . Extensions of credit that have potential weakness that deserve management’s close attention and, if left uncorrected, may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position. Substandard . Obligor has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt and has a high probability of payment default with the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if noted deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful . Inherent weakness in the exposure makes the collection or repayment in full, based on existing facts, conditions, and circumstances, highly improbable, and the amount of loss is uncertain. Substandard loans are regularly reviewed for impairment. Doubtful loans are considered impaired. When a loan is impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or as a practical expedient, the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Portfolio segments: Real Estate . Real estate loans include residential real estate non-conforming loans, residential real estate conforming loans, commercial real estate, and home equity lines of credit. The allowance methodology related to real estate loans considers several factors, including, but not limited to, loan-to-value ratio, FICO score, home price index, delinquency status, credit limits, and utilization rates. Commercial and industrial (“C&I”). C&I loans primarily include commercial and industrial lending used for general corporate purposes, working capital and liquidity, and “event-driven.” “Event-driven” loans support client merger, acquisition, or recapitalization activities. C&I lending is structured as revolving lines of credit, letter of credit facilities, term loans, and bridge loans. Risk factors considered in determining the allowance for corporate loans include the borrower’s financial strength, seniority of the loan, collateral type, leverage, volatility of collateral value, debt cushion, and covenants. Fund banking. Fund banking loans primarily include capital call lines of credit, also known as subscription lines of credit. These credit facilities are used by closed-end private investment funds (“Fund”) that have raised capital commitments from limited partners to effectively manage the Fund’s cash and bridge timing between the Fund’s investments and capital calls. The lines of credit are collateralized by a pledge of the limited partner’s contractually callable capital and the general partner’s right to call such capital as permitted in the Fund’s partnership agreement. Securities-based loans . Securities-based loans allow clients to borrow money against the value of qualifying securities for any suitable purpose other than purchasing, trading, or carrying securities or refinancing margin debt. The majority of consumer loans are structured as revolving lines of credit and letter of credit facilities and are primarily offered through Stifel’s Pledged Asset (“SPA”) program. The allowance methodology for securities-based lending considers the collateral type underlying the loan, including the liquidity and trading volume of the collateral, position concentration, and other borrower specific factors such as personal guarantees. Construction and land . Short-term loans used to finance the development of commercial real estate projects. Other. Other loans include consumer and credit card lending. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of our loan portfolio was as follows: (in thousands) : December 31, 2024 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Residential real estate $ 8,557,320 $ 3,600 $ 4,273 $ — $ 8,565,193 Commercial and industrial 3,662,866 169,637 152,515 77,011 4,062,029 Fund banking 3,854,222 — — — 3,854,222 Securities-based loans 2,389,593 — — — 2,389,593 Construction and land 1,200,590 — — 41,412 1,242,002 Commercial real estate 437,062 — 56,420 25,441 518,923 Home equity lines of credit 193,535 — 315 — 193,850 Other 53,855 — — 78 53,933 Total $ 20,349,043 $ 173,237 $ 213,523 $ 143,942 $ 20,879,745 December 31, 2023 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Residential real estate $ 8,042,246 $ 1,456 $ 3,945 $ — $ 8,047,647 Fund banking 3,633,126 — — — 3,633,126 Commercial and industrial 3,294,891 89,302 180,772 2,022 3,566,987 Securities-based loans 2,306,452 — — 3 2,306,455 Construction and land 963,083 71,287 — — 1,034,370 Commercial real estate 512,171 49,264 99,196 — 660,631 Home equity lines of credit 135,806 377 87 — 136,270 Other 55,922 — — 59 55,981 Total $ 18,943,697 $ 211,686 $ 284,000 $ 2,084 $ 19,441,467 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential real estate: Pass $ 1,224,441 $ 1,045,311 $ 2,460,371 $ 2,151,013 $ 841,193 $ 834,991 $ — $ 8,557,320 Special Mention — — 571 1,259 — 1,770 — 3,600 Substandard — — 3,113 — — 1,160 — 4,273 Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ 1,224,441 $ 1,045,311 $ 2,464,055 $ 2,152,272 $ 841,193 $ 837,921 $ — $ 8,565,193 Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 829,461 $ 517,003 $ 757,778 $ 604,932 $ 60,698 $ 100,820 $ 792,174 $ 3,662,866 Special Mention 31,293 3,926 28,187 27,610 12,988 — 65,633 169,637 Substandard — 6,081 43,953 31,593 722 — 70,166 152,515 Doubtful 2,211 — 21,683 43,949 — 3,200 5,968 77,011 $ 862,965 $ 527,010 $ 851,601 $ 708,084 $ 74,408 $ 104,020 $ 933,941 $ 4,062,029 Fund banking: Pass $ 29,000 $ 790 $ 41,664 $ — $ 473 $ — $ 3,782,295 $ 3,854,222 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ 29,000 $ 790 $ 41,664 $ — $ 473 $ — $ 3,782,295 $ 3,854,222 Securities-based loans: Pass $ 7,124 $ 14,535 $ 2,145 $ 2,123 $ 34,021 $ 36,572 $ 2,293,073 $ 2,389,593 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ 7,124 $ 14,535 $ 2,145 $ 2,123 $ 34,021 $ 36,572 $ 2,293,073 $ 2,389,593 Commercial real estate: Pass $ 4,768 $ 34,459 $ 248,632 $ 65,052 $ 29,156 $ 54,995 $ — $ 437,062 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 56,420 — — — — 56,420 Doubtful — — — 25,441 — — — 25,441 $ 4,768 $ 34,459 $ 305,052 $ 90,493 $ 29,156 $ 54,995 $ — $ 518,923 Construction and land: Pass $ 11,476 $ 250,836 $ 569,482 $ 197,971 $ 157,685 $ 13,140 $ — $ 1,200,590 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — 41,412 — 41,412 $ 11,476 $ 250,836 $ 569,482 $ 197,971 $ 157,685 $ 54,552 $ — $ 1,242,002 Home equity lines of credit: Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 193,535 $ 193,535 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 315 315 Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 193,850 $ 193,850 Other: Pass $ 2,587 $ — $ 3,990 $ — $ 10,000 $ 24,953 $ 12,325 $ 53,855 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — 78 78 $ 2,587 $ — $ 3,990 $ — $ 10,000 $ 24,953 $ 12,403 $ 53,933 |