Bank Loans | NOTE 7 – Bank Loans Our loan portfolio consists primarily of the following segments: Commercial and industrial (C&I). C&I loans primarily include commercial and industrial lending used for general corporate purposes, working capital and liquidity, and “event-driven." “Event-driven” loans support client merger, acquisition or recapitalization activities. C&I lending is structured as revolving lines of credit, letter of credit facilities, term loans and bridge loans. Risk factors considered in determining the allowance for corporate loans include the borrower’s financial strength, seniority of the loan, collateral type, leverage, volatility of collateral value, debt cushion, and covenants. Real Estate. Real estate loans include residential real estate non-conforming loans, residential real estate conforming loans, commercial real estate, and home equity lines of credit. The allowance methodology related to real estate loans considers several factors, including, but not limited to, loan-to-value ratio, FICO score, home price index, delinquency status, credit limits, and utilization rates. Securities-based loans. Securities-based loans allow clients to borrow money against the value of qualifying securities for any suitable purpose other than purchasing, trading, or carrying securities or refinancing margin debt. The majority of consumer loans are structured as revolving lines of credit and letter of credit facilities and are primarily offered through Stifel’s Pledged Asset ("SPA") program. The allowance methodology for securities-based lending considers the collateral type underlying the loan, including the liquidity and trading volume of the collateral, position concentration and other borrower specific factors such as personal guarantees. Construction and land. Short-term loans used to finance the development of a real estate project. Other. Other loans include consumer and credit card lending. The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major loan category in our bank loan portfolio at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands, except percentages) September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Balance Percent Balance Percent Commercial and industrial $ 4,080,939 37.9 % $ 3,438,953 35.3 % Residential real estate 3,804,836 35.4 3,309,548 33.9 Securities-based loans 1,841,516 17.1 2,098,211 21.5 Commercial real estate 386,957 3.6 428,549 4.4 Construction and land 532,319 5.0 398,839 4.1 Home equity lines of credit 67,386 0.6 51,205 0.5 Other 39,735 0.4 27,311 0.3 Gross bank loans 10,753,688 100.0 % 9,752,616 100.0 % Unamortized loan discount, net (2,260 ) (6,588 ) Loans in process 13,398 (27,717 ) Unamortized loan fees, net 47 1,310 Allowance for loan losses (114,113 ) (95,579 ) Loans held for investment, net $ 10,650,760 $ 9,624,042 At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Stifel Bancorp had loans outstanding to its executive officers and directors and executive officers and directors of certain affiliated entities in the amount of $21.8 At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had loans held for sale of $281.5 million and $389.7 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized gains of $15.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively, from the sale of originated loans, net of fees and costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized gains of $28.0 million and $7.7 million, respectively, from the sale of originated loans, net of fees and costs. Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted the new accounting standard for credit losses that requires evaluation of our loan portfolio for any expected losses with recognition of an allowance for credit losses, when applicable. For more information, see Note 1 – Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Accrued interest receivable for loans and loans held for sale at September 30, 2020 was $18.6 million and is reported in other assets on the consolidated statement of financial condition. The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30 , 2020 (in thousands) . Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Beginning Balance Provision Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Commercial and industrial $ 65,503 $ 10,303 $ (1 ) $ 4 $ 75,809 Residential real estate 24,043 (6,360 ) — — 17,683 Construction and land 13,075 (2,889 ) — — 10,186 Commercial real estate 10,647 (2,730 ) — — 7,917 Securities-based loans 1,807 95 — — 1,902 Home equity lines of credit 499 (205 ) — 87 381 Other 247 9 (22 ) 1 235 $ 115,821 $ (1,777 ) $ (23 ) $ 92 $ 114,113 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Beginning Balance CECL Adoption Provision Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Commercial and industrial $ 69,949 $ (19,940 ) $ 25,949 $ (153 ) $ 4 $ 75,809 Residential real estate 14,253 3,499 (69 ) — — 17,683 Construction and land 4,613 2,674 2,899 — — 10,186 Commercial real estate 3,564 791 3,562 — — 7,917 Securities-based loans 2,361 1,346 (1,805 ) — — 1,902 Home equity lines of credit 442 39 (188 ) — 88 381 Other 194 58 21 (40 ) 2 235 Unallocated 203 (203 ) — — — — $ 95,579 $ (11,736 ) $ 30,369 $ (193 ) $ 94 $ 114,113 The provision for unfunded lending commitments was a credit of $3.0 million and an expense of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively and are included in the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statement of operations. The expected credit losses for unfunded lending commitments, including standby letters of credit and binding unfunded loan commitments, are reported on the consolidated statement of financial condition in accounts payable and accrued expenses. The following table presents the recorded balances of loans and amount of allowance allocated based upon impairment method by portfolio segment at September 30, 2020 (in thousands) Allowance for Loan Losses Recorded Investment in Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment Collectively Evaluated for Impairment Total Individually Evaluated for Impairment Collectively Evaluated for Impairment Total Commercial and industrial $ 8,158 $ 67,651 $ 75,809 $ 13,084 $ 4,067,855 $ 4,080,939 Residential real estate 24 17,659 17,683 1,409 3,803,427 3,804,836 Securities-based loans — 1,902 1,902 — 1,841,516 1,841,516 Commercial real estate — 7,917 7,917 — 386,957 386,957 Construction and land — 10,186 10,186 — 532,319 532,319 Home equity lines of credit — 381 381 — 67,386 67,386 Other — 235 235 — 39,735 39,735 $ 8,182 $ 105,931 $ 114,113 $ 14,493 $ 10,739,195 $ 10,753,688 The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30 , 2019 (in thousands) . Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Beginning Balance Provision Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Commercial and industrial $ 69,263 $ (1,070 ) $ (21 ) $ — $ 68,172 Residential real estate 12,042 519 — 1 12,562 Securities-based loans 2,311 (130 ) — — 2,181 Commercial real estate 2,478 425 — — 2,903 Construction and land 2,402 865 — — 3,267 Home equity lines of credit 421 13 — 1 435 Other 179 38 (35 ) 13 195 Unallocated 1,376 269 — — 1,645 $ 90,472 $ 929 $ (56 ) $ 15 $ 91,360 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Beginning Balance Provision Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Commercial and industrial $ 68,367 $ (116 ) $ (79 ) $ — $ 68,172 Residential real estate 11,228 1,246 — 88 12,562 Securities-based loans 1,978 203 — — 2,181 Commercial real estate 1,778 1,125 — — 2,903 Construction and land 1,241 2,026 — — 3,267 Home equity lines of credit 310 123 — 2 435 Other 88 156 (87 ) 38 195 Unallocated 843 802 — — 1,645 $ 85,833 $ 5,565 $ (166 ) $ 128 $ 91,360 The following table presents the recorded balances of loans and amount of allowance allocated based upon impairment method by portfolio segment at December 31, 2019 (in thousands) Allowance for Loan Losses Recorded Investment in Loans Individually Evaluated Impairment Collectively Evaluated for Impairment Total Individually Evaluated for Impairment Collectively Evaluated for Impairment Total Commercial and industrial $ 8,158 $ 61,791 $ 69,949 $ 12,991 $ 3,425,962 $ 3,438,953 Residential real estate 24 14,229 14,253 1,412 3,308,136 3,309,548 Securities-based loans — 2,361 2,361 — 2,098,211 2,098,211 Commercial real estate — 3,564 3,564 — 428,549 428,549 Construction and land — 4,613 4,613 — 398,839 398,839 Home equity lines of credit — 442 442 184 51,021 51,205 Other — 194 194 — 27,311 27,311 Unallocated — 203 203 — — — $ 8,182 $ 87,397 $ 95,579 $ 14,587 $ 9,738,029 $ 9,752,616 At September 30, 2020, we had $14.5 million of impaired loans, net of discounts, which included $0.2 million in troubled debt restructurings. The specific allowance on impaired loans at September 30, 2020 was $8.2 million. At December 31, 2019, we had $14.6 million of impaired loans, net of discounts, which included $0.2 million in troubled debt restructurings. The specific allowance on impaired loans at December 31, 2019 was $8.2 million. The gross interest income related to impaired loans, which would have been recorded, had these loans been current in accordance with their original terms, and the interest income recognized on these loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, were insignificant to the consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), which among other things, provided optional, temporary relief from accounting for certain loan modifications as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). Under the CARES Act, TDR relief is available to banks for loan modifications related to the adverse effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic granted to borrowers that were current as of December 31, 2019. TDR relief applies to COVID-related modifications made from March 1, 2020, until the earlier of December 31, 2020, or 60 days following the termination of the national emergency declared by the President of the United States. We elected to apply the TDR relief provided by the CARES Act in the second quarter of 2020. The tables below present loans that were individually evaluated for impairment by portfolio segment at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, including the average recorded investment balance for the year to date period presented (in thousands) September 30, 2020 Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment with No Allowance Recorded Investment with Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Commercial and industrial $ 13,084 $ — $ 13,084 $ 13,084 $ 8,158 $ 13,085 Residential real estate 1,409 1,249 160 1,409 24 1,499 Home equity lines of credit — — — — — 61 Other 150 — — — — — Total $ 14,643 $ 1,249 $ 13,244 $ 14,493 $ 8,182 $ 14,645 December 31, 2019 Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment with No Allowance Recorded Investment with Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Commercial and industrial $ 12,991 $ 51 $ 12,940 $ 12,991 $ 8,158 $ 14,172 Residential real estate 1,412 1,412 — 1,412 24 1,231 Home equity lines of credit 184 184 — 184 — 184 Other 150 — — — — — Total $ 14,737 $ 1,647 $ 12,940 $ 14,587 $ 8,182 $ 15,587 The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by portfolio segment (in thousands) As of September 30, 2020 30 – 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Total Due Current Balance Total Commercial and industrial $ 144 $ 12,940 $ 13,084 $ 4,067,855 $ 4,080,939 Residential real estate 3,290 1,337 4,627 3,800,209 3,804,836 Securities-based loans — — — 1,841,516 1,841,516 Commercial real estate — — — 386,957 386,957 Construction and land — — — 532,319 532,319 Home equity lines of credit 686 — 686 66,700 67,386 Other 25 — 25 39,710 39,735 Total $ 4,145 $ 14,277 $ 18,422 $ 10,735,266 $ 10,753,688 As of September 30, 2020* Non-Accrual Restructured Nonperforming loans with no allowance Total Commercial and industrial $ 13,084 $ — $ — $ 13,084 Residential real estate — 160 1,249 1,409 Total $ 13,084 $ 160 $ 1,249 $ 14,493 * There were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at September 30, 2020. As of December 31, 2019 30 – 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Balance Total Commercial and industrial $ — $ 12,940 $ 12,940 $ 3,426,013 $ 3,438,953 Residential real estate 10,476 1,249 11,725 3,297,823 3,309,548 Securities-based loans — — — 2,098,211 2,098,211 Commercial real estate — — — 428,549 428,549 Construction and land — — — 398,839 398,839 Home equity lines of credit 83 184 267 50,938 51,205 Other 5 — 5 27,306 27,311 Total $ 10,564 $ 14,373 $ 24,937 $ 9,727,679 $ 9,752,616 As of December 31, 2019* Non-Accrual Restructured Total Commercial and industrial $ 12,940 $ — $ 12,940 Residential real estate 1,249 163 1,412 Home equity lines of credit 184 — 184 Total $ 14,373 $ 163 $ 14,536 * There were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at December 31, 2019. Credit quality indicators As of September 30, 2020, bank loans were primarily extended to non-investment grade borrowers. Substantially all of these loans align with the U.S. Federal bank regulatory agencies’ definition of Pass. Loans meet the definition of Pass when they are performing and do not demonstrate adverse characteristics that are likely to result in a credit loss. A loan is determined to be impaired when principal or interest becomes 90 days past due or when collection becomes uncertain. At the time a loan is determined to be impaired, the accrual of interest and amortization of deferred loan origination fees is discontinued (“non-accrual status”), and any accrued and unpaid interest income is reversed. We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency ratios are an indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within our loan portfolio. The level of nonperforming assets represents another indicator of the potential for future credit losses. Accordingly, key metrics we track and use in evaluating the credit quality of our loan portfolio include delinquency and nonperforming asset rates, as well as charge-off rates and our internal risk ratings of the loan portfolio. In general, we are a secured lender. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 98.6% and 98.3% of our loan portfolio was collateralized, respectively. Collateral is required in accordance with the normal credit evaluation process based upon the creditworthiness of the customer and the credit risk associated with the particular transaction. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass. A credit exposure rated pass has a continued expectation of timely repayment, all obligations of the borrower are current, and the obligor complies with material terms and conditions of the lending agreement. Special Mention. Extensions of credit that have potential weakness that deserve management’s close attention, and if left uncorrected may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position. Substandard. Obligor has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt and has a high probability of payment default with the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if noted deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Inherent weakness in the exposure makes the collection or repayment in full, based on existing facts, conditions and circumstances, highly improbable, and the amount of loss is uncertain. Substandard loans are regularly reviewed for impairment. Doubtful loans are considered impaired. When a loan is impaired the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or as a practical expedient, the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of our loan portfolio was as follows (in thousands) : As of September 30, 2020 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial and industrial $ 3,791,192 $ 120,663 $ 156,144 $ 12,940 $ 4,080,939 Residential real estate 3,802,942 645 — 1,249 3,804,836 Securities-based loans 1,841,516 — — — 1,841,516 Commercial real estate 385,645 1,168 144 — 386,957 Construction and land 498,079 14,240 20,000 — 532,319 Home equity lines of credit 66,920 466 — — 67,386 Other 39,735 — — — 39,735 Total $ 10,426,029 $ 137,182 $ 176,288 $ 14,189 $ 10,753,688 As of December 31, 2019 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial and industrial $ 3,365,800 $ 48,241 $ 11,972 $ 12,940 $ 3,438,953 Residential real estate 3,307,719 417 1,412 — 3,309,548 Securities-based loans 2,098,211 — — — 2,098,211 Commercial real estate 427,963 586 — — 428,549 Construction and land 398,839 — — — 398,839 Home equity lines of credit 51,021 — 184 — 51,205 Other 27,311 — — — 27,311 Total $ 9,676,864 $ 49,244 $ 13,568 $ 12,940 $ 9,752,616 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – September 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 466,481 $ 105,957 $ 2,355,918 $ 19,375 $ 11,154 $ 47,763 $ 784,544 $ 3,791,192 Special Mention — — 106,214 — — — 14,449 120,663 Substandard — — 146,584 — — 27 9,533 156,144 Doubtful — — — 12,940 — — — 12,940 $ 466,481 $ 105,957 $ 2,608,716 $ 32,315 $ 11,154 $ 47,790 $ 808,526 $ 4,080,939 Residential real estate: Pass $ 1,217,617 $ 964,320 $ 412,590 $ 326,393 $ 303,909 $ 578,113 $ — $ 3,802,942 Special Mention — — — 645 — — — 645 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — 149 — 1,100 — 1,249 $ 1,217,617 $ 964,320 $ 412,590 $ 327,187 $ 303,909 $ 579,213 $ — $ 3,804,836 Securities-based loans: Pass $ 21,968 $ 108,647 $ 25,825 $ 195 $ 300 $ 56,691 $ 1,627,890 $ 1,841,516 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ 21,968 $ 108,647 $ 25,825 $ 195 $ 300 $ 56,691 $ 1,627,890 $ 1,841,516 Commercial real estate: Pass $ 74,689 $ 158,422 $ 42,432 $ 52,387 $ 13,470 $ 43,469 $ 776 $ 385,645 Special Mention — — — — 1,168 — — 1,168 Substandard — — 144 — — — — 144 Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ 74,689 $ 158,422 $ 42,576 $ 52,387 $ 14,638 $ 43,469 $ 776 $ 386,957 Construction and land: Pass $ 44,892 $ 254,524 $ 111,147 $ 68,495 $ 6,852 $ 1,370 $ 10,799 $ 498,079 Special Mention — — 14,240 — — — — 14,240 Substandard — — 20,000 — — — — 20,000 Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ 44,892 $ 254,524 $ 145,387 $ 68,495 $ 6,852 $ 1,370 $ 10,799 $ 532,319 Home equity lines of credit: Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 66,920 $ 66,920 Special Mention — — — — — — 466 466 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 67,386 $ 67,386 Other: Pass $ — $ — $ 6 $ — $ 755 $ 20,049 $ 18,925 $ 39,735 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ — $ — $ 6 $ — $ 755 $ 20,049 $ 18,925 $ 39,735 |