Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans | Note 3. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables. For further discussion on the Company’s accounting policies and policy elections related to the accounting standard update refer to “Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” All loan information presented as of December 31, 2023, is in accordance with ASC 326. All loan information presented as of December 31, 2022, or a prior date is in accordance with previous applicable GAAP. The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated: December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 188,517 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 156,466 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 285,250 245,277 Multifamily 29,207 26,675 Construction and land development 107,179 77,944 Second mortgages 10,148 8,828 Equity lines of credit 55,981 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate 832,748 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 64,112 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 160,437 163,018 Other consumer loans 19,718 22,251 Other (1) 3,237 2,340 Total loans, net of deferred fees (2) 1,080,252 1,027,085 Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans 12,206 10,526 Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (2) $ 1,068,046 $ 1,016,559 (1) Overdrawn accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other catergory in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (2) Net deferred loan costs totaled $1.2 million and $1.0 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. The following table shows the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio, by class, as of December 31, 2023. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,194 $ - $ 368 $ 142 $ 186,813 $ 188,517 Commercial - owner occupied 100 - 322 - 156,044 156,466 Commercial - non-owner occupied - 896 - - 284,354 285,250 Multifamily - - - - 29,207 29,207 Construction and land development - - - - 107,179 107,179 Second mortgages 160 6 - - 9,982 10,148 Equity lines of credit 205 - - 46 55,730 55,981 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 1,659 $ 902 $ 690 $ 188 $ 829,309 $ 832,748 Commercial and industrial loans 527 427 306 - 62,852 64,112 Consumer automobile loans 3,254 706 661 - 155,816 160,437 Other consumer loans 634 264 123 - 18,697 19,718 Other 29 - - - 3,208 3,237 Total $ 6,103 $ 2,299 $ 1,780 $ 188 $ 1,069,882 $ 1,080,252 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccrual column and not also in its respective past due column. The following table shows the Company’s amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status as of January 1, 2023, as well as the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days and accruing as of December 31, 2023 by class of loan. Nonaccrual (dollars in thousands) January 1, 2023 December 31, 2023 Nonaccrual with no ACLL 90 Days and still Accruing Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 154 $ 142 $ - $ 368 Commercial - owner occupied - - - 322 Construction and land development 945 - - - Equity lines of credit - 46 - - Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,099 188 - 690 Commercial and industrial loans 144 - - 306 Consumer automobile loans - - - 661 Other consumer loans - - - 123 Total $ 1,243 $ 188 $ - $ 1,780 The Company’s loan portfolio may include certain loans modified, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company closely monitors the performance of modified loans to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. Upon the determination that all or a portion of a modified loan is uncollectible, that amount is charged against the ACL. The Company did not grant any such modifications during the year ended December 31, 2023. Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans ACLL is a material estimate for the Company. The Company estimates its ACLL on a quarterly basis. The Company models the ACLL using two primary segments, commercial and consumer. Within each segment, loan classes are further identified based on similar risk characteristics. The Company has identified the following classes within each segment: • Commercial : commercial and industrial, real estate - construction and land development, real estate – commercial (owner occupied and non-owner occupied), and other loans • Consumer : real estate – mortgage, and consumer loans Each portfolio class has risk characteristics as follows: • Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of a business. The repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision. • Real estate - construction and land development: Construction loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may at any point in time be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be the loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project. • Real estate - commercial: Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business if owner occupied. If non-owner occupied, the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flow from rent receipts. • Real estate - mortgage: Residential mortgage loans and equity lines of credit carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral. • Consumer loans: Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrowers and the value of the collateral. Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness, or personal bankruptcy. • Other loans: Other loans are loans to mortgage companies, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and loans to insurance, investment, and finance companies. These loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time, depend on interest rates, or fluctuate in active trading markets. The following tables presents the activity in the ACLL by portfolio class for the year ended December 31, 2023. Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction and Land Development Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate- Commercial (2) Consumer (3) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for credit losses on loans: Balance, beginning $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Day 1 impact of adoption of CECL (11 ) 19 87 1,048 (365 ) (137 ) - 641 Charge-offs (492 ) - - - (1,613 ) (298 ) - (2,403 ) Recoveries 69 - 42 - 506 59 - 676 Provision for loan losses 334 411 200 195 1,234 398 (6 ) 2,766 Ending Balance $ 573 $ 982 $ 2,904 $ 5,742 $ 1,827 $ 178 $ - $ 12,206 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The real estate-commerical segment included commerical-owner occupied and commercial non-owner occupied (3) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. The following table presents a breakdown of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated. Year Ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Provision for credit losses: Provision for loans $ 2,766 $ 1,706 Provison for (recovery of) unfunded commitments (165 ) - Total $ 2,601 $ 1,706 Credit Quality Indicators Credit quality indicators are utilized to help estimate the collectability of each loan. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. While other credit quality indicators are evaluated and analyzed as part of the Company’s credit risk management activities, the Company uses internally-assigned risk grades as the primary indicator to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company’s internally assigned risk grades are as follows: • Pass: Loans are of acceptable risk. • Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): Loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. • Substandard: Loans reflect significant deficiencies due to several adverse trends of a financial, economic or managerial nature. • Doubtful: Loans have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan with added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable or improbable. • Loss: Loans have been identified for charge-off because they are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings originated as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2023 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total Construction and land development Pass $ 40,168 $ 36,581 $ 25,770 $ 3,630 $ 297 $ 285 $ 448 $ 107,179 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total construction and land development $ 40,168 $ 36,581 $ 25,770 $ 3,630 $ 297 $ 285 $ 448 $ 107,179 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass $ 10,145 $ 33,720 $ 21,058 $ 13,708 $ 12,025 $ 56,978 $ 5,680 $ 153,314 OAEM - - - - 77 2,985 - 3,062 Substandard - - - - - 90 - 90 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied $ 10,145 $ 33,720 $ 21,058 $ 13,708 $ 12,102 $ 60,053 $ 5,680 $ 156,466 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied Pass $ 31,539 $ 53,217 $ 96,755 $ 38,704 $ 10,517 $ 51,451 $ 2,263 $ 284,446 OAEM - - - - 804 - - 804 Substandard - - - - - - - - Total commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 31,539 $ 53,217 $ 96,755 $ 38,704 $ 11,321 $ 51,451 $ 2,263 $ 285,250 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 18,248 $ 21,698 $ 4,300 $ 1,691 $ 2,192 $ 2,075 $ 13,908 $ 64,112 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total commercial and industrial $ 18,248 $ 21,698 $ 4,300 $ 1,691 $ 2,192 $ 2,075 $ 13,908 $ 64,112 Multifamily real estate Pass $ 6,568 $ 3,841 $ 2,151 $ 605 $ 5,955 $ 9,005 $ 1,082 $ 29,207 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total multifamily real estate $ 6,568 $ 3,841 $ 2,151 $ 605 $ 5,955 $ 9,005 $ 1,082 $ 29,207 Residential 1-4 family Pass $ 27,497 $ 41,062 $ 39,937 $ 26,368 $ 13,009 $ 52,148 $ 54,087 $ 254,108 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - 350 46 142 - 538 Total residential 1-4 family $ 27,497 $ 41,062 $ 39,937 $ 26,718 $ 13,055 $ 52,290 $ 54,087 $ 254,646 Consumer - automobile Pass $ 52,750 $ 83,885 $ 13,184 $ 4,152 $ 1,618 $ 4,848 $ - $ 160,437 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total consumer - automobile $ 52,750 $ 83,885 $ 13,184 $ 4,152 $ 1,618 $ 4,848 $ - $ 160,437 Consumer - other Pass $ 323 $ 765 $ 330 $ 109 $ 11 $ 16,089 $ 2,091 $ 19,718 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total consumer - other $ 323 $ 765 $ 330 $ 109 $ 11 $ 16,089 $ 2,091 $ 19,718 Other Pass $ 1,620 $ - $ 292 $ - $ - $ 1,325 $ - $ 3,237 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total other $ 1,620 $ - $ 292 $ - $ - $ 1,325 $ - $ 3,237 Total loans Pass $ 188,858 $ 274,769 $ 203,777 $ 88,967 $ 45,624 $ 194,204 $ 79,559 $ 1,075,758 OAEM - - - - 881 2,985 - 3,866 Substandard - - - 350 46 232 - 628 Total loans $ 188,858 $ 274,769 $ 203,777 $ 89,317 $ 46,551 $ 197,421 $ 79,559 $ 1,080,252 The following table details the current period gross charge-offs of loans by year of origination as of December 31, 2023: December 31, 2023 Current Period Charge-offs by Origination Year (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial and industrial $ - $ 436 $ 18 $ 21 $ - $ 17 $ - $ 492 Consumer - automobile 54 987 318 110 18 64 - 1,551 Consumer - other 5 - 5 - 3 49 - 62 Other (1) 277 21 - - - - - 298 Total $ 336 $ 1,444 $ 341 $ 131 $ 21 $ 130 $ - $ 2,403 (1) Gross charge-offs of other loans for the year ended December 31, 2023 As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no collateral dependent loans for which repayment was expected to be derived substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 The following table shows the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio, by class, as of December 31, 2022. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 290 $ - $ 525 $ 154 $ 168,279 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 20 - - - 184,566 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 206 - - - 245,071 245,277 Multifamily - - - - 26,675 26,675 Construction and land development - - - 945 76,999 77,944 Second mortgages 19 - - - 8,809 8,828 Equity lines of credit 56 288 - - 53,996 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 591 $ 288 $ 525 $ 1,099 $ 764,395 $ 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 221 284 23 144 71,906 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 1,538 221 212 - 161,047 163,018 Other consumer loans 445 372 80 - 21,354 22,251 Other 47 - - - 2,293 2,340 Total $ 2,842 $ 1,165 $ 840 $ 1,243 $ 1,020,995 $ 1,027,085 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccrual column and not also in its respective past due column. As of December 31, 2022, the Company measured the amount of impairment by evaluating loans either in their collective homogenous pools or individually. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the period presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. Impaired Loans by Class For the Year Ended As of December 31, 2022 December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 285 $ 44 $ 235 $ 21 $ 282 $ 7 Commercial 430 55 358 3 420 - Construction 1,321 829 191 6 1,208 3 Total mortgage loans on real estate 2,036 928 784 30 1,910 10 Commercial and industrial loans 144 144 - - 144 5 Total $ 2,180 $ 1,072 $ 784 $ 30 $ 2,054 $ 15 The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of December 31, 2022: Credit Quality Information As of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 188,025 $ - $ 492 $ 188,517 Commercial - owner occupied 153,314 3,062 90 156,466 Commercial - non-owner occupied 284,446 804 - 285,250 Multifamily 29,207 - - 29,207 Construction and land development 107,179 - - 107,179 Second mortgages 10,148 - - 10,148 Equity lines of credit 55,935 - 46 55,981 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 828,254 $ 3,866 $ 628 $ 832,748 Commercial and industrial loans 64,112 - - 64,112 Consumer automobile loans 160,437 - - 160,437 Other consumer loans 19,718 - - 19,718 Other 3,237 - - 3,237 Total $ 1,075,758 $ 3,866 $ 628 $ 1,080,252 The following tables presents the activity in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the Year ended December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate- Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Charge-offs (297 ) - (25 ) - (1,368 ) (332 ) - (2,022 ) Recoveries 134 - 61 22 648 112 - 977 Provision for loan losses 153 93 149 (310 ) 1,423 192 6 1,706 Ending Balance $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 6 $ 21 $ 3 $ - $ - $ - $ 30 Collectively evaluated for impairment 673 546 2,554 4,496 2,065 156 6 10,496 Ending Balance $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. |