Exhibit (17)(c)
PROSPECTUS
December 1, 2007
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved the fund’s shares as an investment or determined whether this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any statement to the contrary is a crime.

Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund
Class A, B, C and I Shares
INVESTMENT PRODUCTS: NOT FDIC INSURED Ÿ NO BANK GUARANTEE Ÿ MAY LOSE VALUE
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund
Contents
As part of a number of initiatives launched in 2006 to restructure and streamline the Legg Mason Partners fund complex, the fund assumed the assets and liabilities of a predecessor fund with the same name. The fund is now grouped for organizational and governance purposes with other Legg Mason Partners funds that are predominantly fixed-income-type funds. Any information in this Prospectus relating to the fund prior to April 16, 2007 refers to the fund’s predecessor.
Investments, risks and performance
Investment objective
The fund seeks high current income.
Principal investment strategies
Key investments
Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in high yield corporate bonds, debentures and notes. These securities are commonly known as “junk bonds” because they are rated in the lower rating categories of nationally and internationally recognized statistical rating organizations, or, if unrated, determined by the subadviser to be of similar credit quality. The fund will not purchase securities rated lower than B by both Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and the Standard & Poor’s Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. if, immediately after such purchase, more than 20% of the fund’s total assets are invested in such securities.
The fund may invest in fixed-income securities denominated either in U.S. dollars or foreign currencies, and may invest up to 40% of its assets in fixed-income securities issued by foreign companies, including those in emerging market countries. An emerging market country refers to a country which, at the time of investment, is represented in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index, or categorized by the World Bank, in its annual categorization, as middle or low-income.
The fund’s investments may be of any maturity. The fund may invest in zero coupon bonds, which trade at a discount from face value because no interest is paid until maturity.
Selection process
The portfolio managers attempt to minimize the risk of any individual security by diversifying the fund’s investments across a range of issues, industries and maturity dates. In selecting high yield corporate fixed-income securities, the portfolio managers consider and compare the relative yields of various types of obligations and employ a forward looking strategy seeking to identify companies that exhibit favorable earnings prospects or demonstrate a potential for higher ratings over time. The portfolio managers look for:
n | | Well-known companies with credit ratings within the upper- and middle-rated tiers of the high-yield debt market |
n | | “Fallen angels” or companies that are repositioning in the marketplace which the portfolio managers believe are temporarily undervalued |
n | | Younger companies with smaller capitalizations that have exhibited improving financial strength or improving credit ratings over time |
The portfolio managers also employ an active sell strategy to dispose of securities that have a rising risk of default due to material changes in management, operations, earnings or other internal or external factors.
Principal risks of investing in the fund
Investors could lose money on their investment in the fund, or the fund may not perform as well as other investments, if:
n | | The issuer of a security owned by the fund defaults on its obligation to pay principal and/or interest, or has its credit rating downgraded. This risk is greater for high income bonds than for bonds of higher credit quality |
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n | | Interest rates rise, causing the prices of fixed-income securities to decline and reducing the value of the fund’s portfolio |
n | | Foreign investments lose their value because of an increase in market interest rates in one or more regions, adverse governmental action or political, economic or market instability in a foreign country or region |
n | | An unhedged currency in which a security is priced declines in value relative to the U.S. dollar |
n | | The portfolio managers’ judgment about the attractiveness, relative yield, value or potential appreciation of a particular security proves to be incorrect |
Below investment grade fixed-income securities, commonly known as “junk bonds,” are speculative and their issuers may have diminished capacity to pay principal and interest. These securities have a higher risk of default, tend to be less liquid and may be more difficult to value. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are likely to weaken the capacity of issuers of these securities to make principal and interest payments. In addition, zero coupon bonds may be subject to greater fluctuations in market value than securities that pay interest periodically.
Some foreign countries in which the fund invests have less liquid and more volatile markets than markets in the U.S. In some foreign countries, there is also less information available about foreign issuers and markets because of less rigorous accounting and regulatory standards than in the U.S. Currency fluctuations could erase investment gains or add to investment losses. The risk of investing in foreign securities is greater in the case of less developed countries.
Who may want to invest
The fund may be an appropriate investment if you:
n | | Are seeking high current income |
n | | Are willing to accept the credit and interest rate risks of a fund that invests in high yield securities |
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Performance information
The following shows summary performance information for the fund in a bar chart and an Average Annual Total Returns table. The information provides an indication of the risks of investing in the fund by showing changes in its performance from year to year for the last ten calendar years and by showing how the fund’s average annual returns compare with the returns of a broad-based securities market index. The bar chart and the information below show performance of the fund’s Class B shares, but do not reflect the impact of sales charges (loads). If they did, the returns would be lower than those shown. Unlike the bar chart, the performance for Class A, B, C and I(1) shares in the Average Annual Total Returns table reflects the impact of the maximum sales charge (load) applicable to the respective classes, and, where indicated, the performance for Class B shares reflects the impact of taxes paid on distributions and the redemption of shares at the end of the period. The performance information shown below for the periods prior to April 16, 2007 is that of the fund’s predecessor. The fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how the fund will perform in the future.
Total Return for Class B Shares

Highest and lowest quarter returns (for periods shown in the bar chart):
Highest: 9.63% in 2nd quarter 2003; Lowest: (7.20)% in 3rd quarter 2001.
Year to date: 1.59% through 9/30/07.
(1) | | As of November 20, 2006, Class Y shares were renamed Class I shares. |
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Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2006)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | 1 Year | | | 5 Years | | | 10 Years | | | Inception Date |
Class B | | | | | | | | | | | 9/2/86 |
|
Return before taxes | | 6.55 | % | | 8.45 | % | | 4.04 | % | | |
|
Return after taxes on distributions(1) | | 3.71 | % | | 5.25 | % | | 0.59 | % | | |
|
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares(1) | | 4.15 | % | | 5.25 | % | | 1.23 | % | | |
|
Other Classes (Return before taxes only) | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Class A(2) | | 6.86 | % | | 8.18 | % | | 4.11 | % | | 11/6/92 |
|
Class C | | 10.11 | % | | 8.65 | % | | 4.10 | % | | 8/24/94 |
|
Class I(3) | | 11.87 | % | | 9.47 | % | | 4.91 | % | | 2/5/96 |
|
Citigroup High Yield Market 7-10 Year Index(4) | | 11.29 | % | | 8.78 | % | | 5.59 | % | | |
|
Lehman Brothers U.S. Corporate High Yield 2% Issuer Cap Index(5) | | 10.76 | % | | 10.20 | % | | 6.63 | % | | |
|
(1) | | After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and the after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases, the return after taxes may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of fund shares at the end of the measurement period. After-tax returns shown above are for Class B shares only. After-tax returns for other share classes will vary. |
(2) | | On November 20, 2006, the maximum initial sales charge on Class A shares was reduced for sales made on and after that date. The average annual returns for Class A shares in the table have been calculated as if the reduced maximum initial sales charge had been in effect for the entire period. |
(3) | | As of November 20, 2006, Class Y shares were renamed Class I shares. |
(4) | | The Citigroup High Yield Market 7-10 Year Index is an unmanaged broad-based index of high yield bonds with a remaining maturity of at least 7 years, but less than 10 years. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. An index does not reflect deductions for fees, expenses or taxes. |
(5) | | On September 24, 2007, the fund’s benchmark was changed from the Citigroup High Yield Market 7-10 Year Index to the Lehman Brothers U.S. Corporate High Yield 2% Issuer Cap Index to better reflect the composition of the fund’s portfolio holdings. The Lehman Brothers U.S. Corporate High Yield 2% Issuer Cap Index is an index of the 2% Issuer Cap component of the Lehman Brothers U.S. Corporate High Yield Index, which covers the U.S. dollar-denominated, non-investment grade fixed-rate, taxable corporate bond market. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. An index does not reflect deductions for fees, expenses or taxes. |
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Fee table
This table sets forth the fees and expenses you may pay if you invest in fund shares.
Shareholder Fees
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
(paid directly from your investment) | | Class A | | | Class B | | | Class C | | | Class I(1) |
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a % of offering price) | | 4.25 | % | | None | | | None | | | None |
|
Maximum contingent deferred sales charge (load) (as a % of the lower of net asset value at purchase or redemption) | | None | (2) | | 4.50 | % | | 1.00 | % | | None |
|
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
(paid by the fund as a % of net assets) | | Class A | | | Class B | | | Class C | | | Class I(1) | |
Management fees | | 0.60 | % | | 0.60 | % | | 0.60 | % | | 0.60 | % |
| |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | | 0.25 | % | | 0.75 | % | | 0.70 | % | | None | |
| |
Other expenses(3) | | 0.07 | % | | 0.05 | % | | 0.08 | % | | 0.02 | % |
| |
Total annual fund operating expenses | | 0.92 | % | | 1.40 | % | | 1.38 | % | | 0.62 | % |
| |
Less contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement(4) | | N/A | | | N/A | | | 0.00 | % | | N/A | |
| |
Net total annual fund operating expenses | | 0.92 | % | | 1.40 | % | | 1.38 | % | | 0.62 | % |
| |
Example
This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the fund with the costs of investing in other mutual funds. Your actual costs may be higher or lower. The example assumes:
n | | You invest $10,000 in the fund for the period shown |
n | | Your investment has a 5% return each year — the assumption of a 5% return is required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for purposes of this example and is not a prediction of the fund’s future performance |
n | | You reinvest all distributions and dividends without a sales charge |
n | | The fund’s operating expenses (after giving effect to the contractual fee waiver in effect through December 1, 2008) remain the same |
Number of Years You Own Your Shares
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | 1 year | | 3 years | | 5 years | | 10 years | |
Class A (with or without redemption) | | $ | 515 | | $ | 706 | | $ | 912 | | $ | 1,508 | |
| |
Class B (redemption at end of period) | | $ | 593 | | $ | 744 | | $ | 866 | | $ | 1,550 | (5) |
| |
Class B (no redemption) | | $ | 143 | | $ | 444 | | $ | 766 | | $ | 1,550 | (5) |
| |
Class C (redemption at end of period) | | $ | 240 | | $ | 437 | | $ | 755 | | $ | 1,657 | |
| |
Class C (no redemption) | | $ | 140 | | $ | 437 | | $ | 755 | | $ | 1,657 | |
| |
Class I(6) (with or without redemption) | | $ | 63 | | $ | 198 | | $ | 345 | | $ | 774 | |
| |
(1) | | As of November 20, 2006, Class Y shares were renamed Class I shares. Effective October 17, 2007, the fund’s Class I Shares were closed to all new purchases and incoming exchanges. |
(2) | | You may buy Class A shares in amounts of $1,000,000 or more at net asset value (without an initial sales charge), but if you redeem those shares within 12 months of their purchase, you will pay a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00%. |
(3) | | Class A and C shares include a fee for recordkeeping services. |
(4) | | Management has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses to limit total annual operating expenses (other than brokerage, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.38% for Class C shares until December 1, 2008. |
(5) | | Assumes conversion to Class A shares approximately eight years after purchase. |
(6) | | As of November 20, 2006, Class Y shares were renamed Class I shares. |
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More on the fund’s investments
The fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies are described under the section entitled “Investments, risks and performance” above. This section provides further information about the investment strategies that may be used by the fund.
The fund’s investment objective may be changed without shareholder approval.
Derivative contracts
The fund may, but need not, use derivative contracts, such as options on securities or currencies, forward foreign currency contracts, interest rate futures and options on interest rate futures, for any of the following purposes:
n | | To hedge against the economic impact of adverse changes in the market value of portfolio securities because of changes in interest rates or exchange rates or securities markets |
n | | As a substitute for buying or selling securities |
n | | As a cash flow management technique |
A derivative contract will obligate or entitle the fund to deliver or receive an asset or cash payment based on the change in value of one or more indices or securities. Even a small investment in derivative contracts can have a big impact on the fund’s currency, securities market or interest rate exposure. Therefore, using derivatives can disproportionately increase losses and reduce opportunities for gains when interest rates, exchange rates or securities markets are changing. The fund may not fully benefit from, or may lose money on, derivatives if changes in their value do not correspond as anticipated to changes in the value of the fund’s holdings. The other parties to certain derivative contracts present the same types of default risk as issuers of fixed-income securities. Derivatives can also make the fund less liquid and harder to value, especially in declining markets.
Equity securities
Although not a principal strategy of the fund, the fund may from time to time invest in common stock or other equity securities. In selecting equity securities for the fund’s portfolio, the portfolio managers consider both quantitative and qualitative factors, including potential for growth and dividend yield.
Investments in corporate loans
The fund may invest in corporate loans. The primary risk in an investment in corporate loans is that borrowers may be unable to meet their interest and/or principal payment obligations. The fund may acquire an interest in corporate loans by purchasing both participations in, and assignments of, portions of corporate loans from third parties. Corporate loans in which the fund may invest may be collateralized or uncollateralized and senior or subordinated. Investments in uncollateralized and/or subordinated loans entail a greater risk of nonpayment than do investments in corporate loans that hold a more senior position in the borrower’s capital structure or that are secured with collateral. The fund’s policy limiting its illiquid securities will be applicable to corporate loans, which are also subject to the risks generally associated with investments in illiquid securities.
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Convertible securities
The fund may invest in fixed-income securities that are convertible into shares of common stock of their issuer. These securities share investment characteristics of both fixed-income and equity securities. The value of a convertible security tends to vary more with fluctuations in the underlying common stock and less with fluctuations in interest rates, compared with fixed-income securities that are not convertible.
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
The fund may invest in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities may be issued by private companies, including government related entities such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or by agencies of the U.S. government and represent direct or indirect participations in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as installment sales or loan contracts, leases, credit card receivables and other categories of receivables. The value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may be impacted by changes in credit quality or value of the mortgage loans or other assets that support the securities.
Certain debt instruments may only pay principal at maturity or may only represent the right to receive payments of principal or payments of interest on underlying pools of mortgages or government securities, but not both. The value of these types of instruments may change more drastically than debt securities that pay both principal and interest during periods of changing interest rates. Interest-only and principal-only mortgage-backed securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the prepayment assumptions about those investments and income flows the fund receives from them. For mortgage derivatives and structured securities that have embedded leverage features, small changes in interest or prepayment rates may cause large and sudden price movements. Mortgage derivatives can also become illiquid and hard to value in declining markets.
Warrants and rights
The fund may invest in warrants and rights. Warrants and rights permit, but do not obligate, their holder to subscribe for other securities. Warrants and rights are subject to the same market risks as stocks, but may be more volatile in price. An investment in warrants or rights may be considered speculative. In addition, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities and a warrant or right ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date.
Credit quality
If, after purchase, the credit rating on a security is downgraded or the credit quality deteriorates, or if the maturity is extended, the fund’s portfolio managers will decide whether the security should be held or sold. Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults, the investors in a security held by the fund may become the holders of the underlying assets. In that case, the fund may become the holder of securities that it could not otherwise purchase at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or can be sold only at a loss. Ratings express only the opinion of the rating agency and are not guarantees of quality.
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In the event that a security is rated by different agencies and receives different ratings from these agencies, the fund will treat the security as being rated in the lower rating category received from the agency. Credit rating criteria is applied at the time the fund purchases a security and the fund may choose not to sell securities that are downgraded below investment grade after their purchases.
Defensive investing
The fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in any type of money market instruments and short-term debt securities or cash without regard to any percentage limitations. If the fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may be unable to achieve its investment objective.
Other investments
The fund may also use other strategies and invest in other securities that are described, along with their risks, in the fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). However, the fund might not use all of the strategies and techniques or invest in all of the types of securities described in this Prospectus or in the SAI. There also are many other factors, which are not described here, that could adversely affect your investment and that could prevent the fund from achieving its investment objective.
Portfolio holdings
The fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the fund’s portfolio securities are described in the SAI.
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Management
Manager and subadviser
Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA” or the “manager”) is the fund’s investment manager. LMPFA, with offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, is a recently-organized investment adviser that has been formed to serve as the investment manager of the fund and other Legg Mason-sponsored funds. LMPFA provides administrative and certain oversight services to the fund. As of September 30, 2007, LMPFA’s total assets under management were approximately $190 billion.
Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset”) and Western Asset Management Company Limited (“Western Asset Limited” and, together with Western Asset, the “subadvisers”) provide the day-to-day portfolio management of the fund as subadvisers. Western Asset, established in 1971, has offices at 385 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91101. Western Asset Limited has offices at 10 Exchange Place, London, England. Western Asset and Western Asset Limited act as investment advisers to institutional accounts, such as corporate pension plans, mutual funds and endowment funds. As of September 30, 2007, Western Asset’s total assets under management were approximately $457 billion, and Western Asset Limited’s total assets under management were approximately $100 billion.
LMPFA, Western Asset and Western Asset Limited are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”). Legg Mason, whose principal executive offices are at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is a global asset management company. As of September 30, 2007, Legg Mason’s asset management operation had aggregate assets under management of approximately $1.012 trillion.
Prior to August 1, 2006, Smith Barney Fund Management LLC (“SBFM”) was the fund’s investment manager. SBFM is also a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason.
Portfolio managers
The fund is managed by a team of portfolio managers, sector specialists and other investment professionals led by S. Kenneth Leech, Stephen A. Walsh, Michael C. Buchanan, Keith J. Gardner and Detlev S. Schlichter. The portfolio managers are responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management and oversight of the fund. Messrs. Leech, Walsh, and Buchanan have been portfolio managers of the fund since February 10, 2006 and Messrs. Schlichter and Gardner became portfolio managers of the fund on May 17, 2007. Each of the portfolio managers is a portfolio manager of Western Asset. The portfolio managers lead a larger team and their focus is on portfolio structure, including sector allocation, duration weighting and term structure decisions.
Messrs. Leech and Walsh are portfolio managers of Western Asset and have been employed by Western Asset for more than five years.
Mr. Buchanan is a portfolio manager with Western Asset. Mr. Buchanan joined Western Asset in 2005. Prior to this, Mr. Buchanan was a Managing Director with Credit Suisse Asset Management beginning in 2003. Mr. Buchanan was also Executive Vice President and Portfolio Manager for Janus Capital Management in 2003. Prior to that time, Mr. Buchanan was a Managing Director and head of High Yield Trading at Blackrock Financial Management since 1998.
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Mr. Gardner is a portfolio manager/research analyst with Western Asset and has been employed as portfolio manager/research analyst for Western Asset for more than five years.
Mr. Schlichter is a portfolio manager with Western Asset Limited and has been employed as a portfolio manager with Western Asset Limited for at least the past five years. Mr. Schlichter leads a team dedicated to the fund’s investments in non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities of non-U.S. issuers and currency transactions and has had such portfolio management and oversight responsibilities since February 1, 2006.
The SAI provides information about the compensation of the portfolio managers, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and any fund shares held by the portfolio managers.
Management fee
For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, the fund paid a fee, after waivers and reimbursements, of 0.59% of the fund’s average daily net assets for advisory and administrative services.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the fund’s management agreement and subadvisory agreements is available in the fund’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2006.
Distribution plan
Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS” or the “distributor”), a wholly-owned broker/dealer subsidiary of Legg Mason, serves as the fund’s sole and exclusive distributor.
The fund has adopted a shareholder services and distribution plan for each of its Class A, B and C shares. Under the plan, the fund pays distribution and/or service fees. The plan provides for payments, based on annualized percentages of average daily net assets, of up to 0.25% for Class A shares; up to 0.75% for Class B shares; and up to 0.70% for Class C shares. These fees are an ongoing expense and, over time, will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than other types of sales charges.
In addition, the distributor may make payments for distribution and/or shareholder servicing activities out of its past profits and other available sources. The distributor may also make payments to dealers for marketing, promotional or related expenses. The amount of these payments is determined by the distributor and may be substantial. The manager or an affiliate may make similar payments under similar arrangements.
The payments described in the paragraph above are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments.” The recipients of such payments may include the fund’s distributor, affiliates of the managers, broker/dealers, financial institutions and other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase shares of the fund. In some circumstances, such payments may create an incentive for an intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of the fund to you. Please contact your financial intermediary for details about revenue sharing payments it may receive.
Recent developments
On May 31, 2005, the SEC issued an order in connection with the settlement of an administrative proceeding against SBFM, the then-investment adviser or manager to the fund, and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“CGMI”), relating to the appointment of an affiliated transfer agent for the Smith Barney family of mutual funds, including the fund (the “Affected Funds”).
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The SEC order found that SBFM and CGMI willfully violated Section 206(1) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Advisers Act”). Specifically, the order found that SBFM and CGMI knowingly or recklessly failed to disclose to the boards of the Affected Funds in 1999 when proposing a new transfer agent arrangement with an affiliated transfer agent that: First Data Investors Services Group (“First Data”), the Affected Funds’ then-existing transfer agent, had offered to continue as transfer agent and do the same work for substantially less money than before; and that Citigroup Asset Management (“CAM”), the Citigroup business unit that, at the time, included the Affected Funds’ investment manager and other investment advisory companies, had entered into a side letter with First Data under which CAM agreed to recommend the appointment of First Data as sub-transfer agent to the affiliated transfer agent in exchange for, among other things, a guarantee by First Data of specified amounts of asset management and investment banking fees to CAM and CGMI. The order also found that SBFM and CGMI willfully violated Section 206(2) of the Advisers Act by virtue of the omissions discussed above and other misrepresentations and omissions in the materials provided to the Affected Funds’ boards, including the failure to make clear that the affiliated transfer agent would earn a high profit for performing limited functions while First Data continued to perform almost all of the transfer agent functions, and the suggestion that the proposed arrangement was in the Affected Funds’ best interests and that no viable alternatives existed.
SBFM and CGMI do not admit or deny any wrongdoing or liability. The settlement does not establish wrongdoing or liability for purposes of any other proceeding. The SEC censured SBFM and CGMI and ordered them to cease and desist from violations of Sections 206(1) and 206(2) of the Advisers Act. The order required Citigroup to pay $208.1 million, including $109 million in disgorgement of profits, $19.1 million in interest, and a civil money penalty of $80 million. Approximately $24.4 million has already been paid to the Affected Funds, primarily through fee waivers. The remaining $183.7 million, including the penalty, has been paid to the U.S. Treasury and will be distributed pursuant to a plan submitted for the approval of the SEC. At this time, there is no certainty as to how the above-described proceeds of the settlement will be distributed, to whom such distributions will be made, the methodology by which such distributions will be allocated, and when such distributions will be made. The order also required that transfer agency fees received from the Affected Funds since December 1, 2004, less certain expenses, be placed in escrow and provided that a portion of such fees might be subsequently distributed in accordance with the terms of the order. On April 3, 2006, an aggregate amount of approximately $9 million held in escrow was distributed to the Affected Funds.
The order required SBFM to recommend a new transfer agent contract to the Affected Funds’ boards within 180 days of the entry of the order; if a Citigroup affiliate submitted a proposal to serve as transfer agent or sub-transfer agent, SBFM and CGMI would have been required, at their expense, to engage an independent monitor to oversee a competitive bidding process. On November 21, 2005, and within the specified timeframe, the Affected Funds’ Boards selected a new transfer agent for the Affected Funds. No Citigroup affiliate submitted a proposal to serve as transfer agent. Under the order, SBFM also must comply with an amended version of a vendor policy that Citigroup instituted in August 2004.
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Although there can be no assurance, the manager does not believe that this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Affected Funds.
On December 1, 2005, Citigroup completed the sale of substantially all of its global asset management business, including SBFM, to Legg Mason.
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Choosing a class of shares to buy
Individual investors can generally choose among three classes of shares: Class A, B and C shares. Effective October 17, 2007, the fund’s Class I Shares were closed to all new purchases and incoming exchanges. Investors owning Class I shares on that date will be permitted to continue to add to their Class I share positions. Individual investors that held Class I (formerly Class Y) shares prior to November 20, 2006, may continue to invest in Class I shares. Institutional and retirement plan investors and clients of financial intermediaries should refer to “Retirement and institutional investors” below for a description of the classes available to them. Each class has different sales charges and expenses, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your needs.
When choosing which class of shares to buy, you should consider:
n | | How much you plan to invest |
n | | How long you expect to own the shares |
n | | The expenses paid by each class detailed in the Fee table and Example at the front of this Prospectus |
n | | Whether you qualify for any reduction or waiver of sales charges |
If you are choosing between Class A and Class B shares, it will in almost all cases be the more economical choice for you to purchase Class A shares if you plan to purchase shares in an amount of $100,000 or more (whether in a single purchase or through aggregation of eligible holdings). This is because of the reduced sales charge available on larger investments of Class A shares and the lower ongoing expenses of Class A shares compared to Class B shares.
If you intend to invest for only a few years, the effect of Class B contingent deferred sales charges on redemptions made within five years of purchase, as well as the effect of higher expenses of that class, might make an investment in Class C shares more appropriate. There is no initial sales charge on Class C shares, and the contingent deferred sales charge does not apply to shares redeemed one year or more after purchase.
However, if you plan to invest a large amount and your investment horizon is five years or more, Class C shares might not be as advantageous as Class A shares. The annual distribution and service fees on Class C shares may cost you more over the longer term than the front-end sales charge you would have paid for larger purchases of Class A shares.
You may buy shares from:
n | | Certain broker/dealers, financial intermediaries, financial institutions, the distributor’s financial advisors or registered representatives that have entered into an agreement to sell fund shares (each called a “Service Agent”) |
n | | The fund, but only if you are investing through certain qualified plans or Service Agents |
Different types of shareholder services may be available to you under arrangements offered by different Service Agents. In addition, these services may vary depending on the share class in which you choose to invest. In making your decision regarding which share class to buy, please keep in mind that your Service Agent may receive different compensation depending on the share class in which you invest. Investors should consult with their Service Agent about comparative pricing of shareholder services available to them under each available share class, the compensation that will be received by their Service Agent in connection with each available share class, and other factors that may be relevant to the investor’s choice of share class in which to invest.
14 Legg Mason Partners Funds
Not all classes of shares are available through each Service Agent. You should contact your Service Agent for further information about available share classes.
Investment minimums
Minimum initial and additional investment amounts vary depending on the class of shares you buy and the nature of your investment.
| | | | | | | | |
| |
| | Investment Minimum Initial/Additional Investments(1) |
| | Class A | | Class B | | Class C | | Class I(2) (formerly Y) |
General | | $500/$50 | | $500/$50 | | $500/$50 | | n/a |
|
IRAs and Uniform Gifts or Transfers to Minor Accounts | | $250/$50 | | $250/$50 | | $250/$50 | | n/a |
|
SIMPLE IRAs | | $1/$1 | | $1/$1 | | $1/$1 | | n/a |
|
Systematic Investment Plans | | $25/$25 | | $25/$25 | | $25/$25 | | n/a |
|
Clients of Eligible Financial Intermediaries | | $1/$1 | | n/a | | n/a | | None/None |
|
Retirement Plans with omnibus accounts held on the books of the fund | | None/None | | n/a | | None/None | | None/None |
|
Other Retirement Plans | | $50/$50 | | $50/$50 | | $50/$50 | | n/a |
|
Institutional Investors | | $500/$50 | | $500/$50 | | $500/$50 | | $1 million/None |
|
(1) | | Please refer to the section entitled “Retirement and institutional investors” below for additional information regarding the investment minimum and eligibility requirements for Retirement Plans, Institutional Investors and Clients of Eligible Financial Intermediaries. |
(2) | | Effective October 17, 2007, the fund’s Class I Shares were closed to all new purchases and incoming exchanges. |
More information about the fund’s classes of shares is available through the Legg Mason Partners Funds’ website. You’ll find detailed information about sales charges and ways you can qualify for reduced or waived sales charges, including:
n | | The front-end sales charges that apply to the purchase of Class A shares |
n | | The contingent deferred sales charges that apply to the redemption of Class B, Class C and certain Class A shares (redeemed within one year) |
n | | Who qualifies for lower sales charges on Class A shares |
n | | Who qualifies for a sales load waiver |
To access the website, go to http://www.leggmason.com/InvestorServices and click on the name of the fund.
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 15
Comparing the fund’s classes
The following table compares key features of the fund’s classes. You should review the Fee table and Example at the front of this Prospectus carefully before choosing your share class. Your Service Agent can help you decide which class meets your goals. Your Service Agent may receive different compensation depending upon which class you choose.
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | Class A | | Class B | | Class C | | Class I (formerly Y) |
Key features | | n Initial sales charge n You may qualify for reduction or waiver of initial sales charge n Generally lower annual expenses than Class B and Class C | | n No initial sales charge n Contingent deferred sales charge declines over time n Converts to Class A after approximately 8 years n Generally higher annual expenses than Class A | | n No initial sales charge n Contingent deferred sales charge for only 1 year n Does not convert to Class A n Generally higher annual expenses than Class A | | n Closed to all purchases and incoming exchanges n No initial or contingent deferred sales charge n Only offered to institutional and other eligible investors n Generally lower expenses than the other classes |
Initial sales charge | | Up to 4.25%; reduced or waived for large purchases and certain investors. No charge for purchases of $1 million or more | | None | | None | | None |
Contingent deferred sales charge | | 1.00% on purchases of $1 million or more if you redeem within 1 year of purchase; waived for certain investors | | Up to 4.50% charged when you redeem shares. This charge is reduced over time and there is no contingent deferred sales charge after 5 years; waived for certain investors | | 1.00% if you redeem within 1 year of purchase; waived for certain investors | | None |
Annual distribution and/or service fees | | 0.25% of average daily net assets | | 0.75% of average daily net assets | | 0.70% of average daily net assets | | None |
Exchange Privilege(1) | | Class A shares of most Legg Mason Partners Funds | | Class B shares of most Legg Mason Partners Funds | | Class C shares of most Legg Mason Partners Funds | | Class I shares of most Legg Mason Partners Funds |
(1) | | Ask your Service Agent about the Legg Mason Partners Funds available for exchange. |
16 Legg Mason Partners Funds
Sales charges
Class A shares
You buy Class A shares at the offering price, which is the net asset value plus a sales charge. You pay a lower rate as the size of your investment increases to certain levels called breakpoints. You do not pay a sales charge on the fund’s distributions or dividends you reinvest in additional Class A shares.
The table below shows the rate of sales charge you pay, depending on the amount you purchase. The table below also shows the amount of broker/dealer compensation that will be paid out of the sales charge if you buy shares from a Service Agent. For Class A shares sold directly by LMIS, LMIS will receive the sales charge imposed on purchases of Class A shares (or any contingent deferred sales charge paid on redemptions) and will retain the full amount of such sales charge. Service Agents will also receive a service fee payable on Class A shares at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets represented by the Class A shares serviced by them.
| | | | | | |
| | | |
Amount of investment | | Sales Charge as % of offering price | | Sales Charge as % of net amount invested | | Broker/Dealer Commission as % of offering price |
Less than $100,000 | | 4.25 | | 4.44 | | 4.00 |
|
$100,000 but less than $250,000 | | 3.50 | | 3.63 | | 3.00 |
|
$250,000 but less than $500,000 | | 2.50 | | 2.56 | | 2.00 |
|
$500,000 but less than $750,000 | | 2.00 | | 2.04 | | 1.60 |
|
$750,000 but less than $1 million | | 1.50 | | 1.52 | | 1.20 |
|
$1 million or more(1) | | -0- | | -0- | | up to 1.00 |
|
(1) | | The distributor may pay a commission of up to 1.00% to a Service Agent for purchase amounts of $1 million or more. In such cases, starting in the thirteenth month after purchase, the Service Agent will also receive an annual distribution/service fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets represented by the Class A shares held by its clients. Prior to the thirteenth month, the distributor will retain this fee. Where the Service Agent does not receive the payment of this commission, the Service Agent will instead receive the annual distribution/service fee starting immediately after purchase. Please contact your Service Agent for more information. |
Investments of $1,000,000 or more
You do not pay an initial sales charge when you buy $1,000,000 or more of Class A shares. However, if you redeem these Class A shares within one year of purchase, you will pay a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00%.
Qualifying for a reduced Class A sales charge
There are several ways you can combine multiple purchases of Class A shares of Legg Mason Partners Funds to take advantage of the breakpoints in the sales charge schedule. In order to take advantage of reductions in sales charges that may be available to you when you purchase fund shares, you must inform your Service Agent or Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services if you are eligible for a letter of intent or a right of accumulation and if you own shares of other Legg Mason Partners Funds that are eligible to be aggregated with your purchases. Certain records, such as account statements, may be necessary in order to verify your eligibility for reduced sales charges.
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 17
n | | Accumulation privilege – allows you to combine the current value of Class A shares of the fund with other shares of Legg Mason Partners Funds that are owned by |
| ¨ | | your spouse and children under the age of 21 |
with the dollar amount of your next purchase of Class A shares for purposes of calculating the initial sales charge.
Shares of certain money market funds advised by the manager or its affiliates (other than money market fund shares acquired by exchange from other Legg Mason Partners Funds offered with a sales charge), Legg Mason Partners S&P 500 Index Fund and Class O shares of Legg Mason Partners Equity Fund may not be combined.
If you hold shares of Legg Mason Partners Funds in accounts at two or more Service Agents, please contact your Service Agents to determine which shares may be combined.
Certain trustees and fiduciaries may be entitled to combine accounts in determining their sales charge.
n | | Letter of intent – allows you to purchase Class A shares of Legg Mason Partners Funds over a 13-month period and pay the same sales charge on Class A shares, if any, as if all the shares had been purchased at once. At the time you enter into the letter of intent, you select your asset goal amount. Generally, purchases of Legg Mason Partners Funds shares that are purchased during the 13-month period by |
| ¨ | | your spouse and children under the age of 21 |
are eligible for inclusion under the letter, based on the public offering price at the time of the purchase, and any capital appreciation on those shares. Purchases made 90 days prior to the 13-month period are also eligible to be treated as purchases made under the letter of intent. In addition, you can include towards your asset goal amount the current value of any eligible purchases that were made prior to the date of entering into the letter of intent and are still held.
Shares of certain money market funds advised by the manager or its affiliates (other than money market fund shares acquired by exchange from other Legg Mason Partners Funds offered with a sales charge), Legg Mason Partners S&P 500 Index Fund and Class O shares of Legg Mason Partners Equity Fund may not be credited toward your letter of intent asset goal.
If you hold shares of Legg Mason Partners Funds in accounts at two or more Service Agents, please contact your Service Agents to determine which shares may be credited toward your letter of intent asset goal.
If you do not meet your asset goal amount, shares in the amount of any sales charges due based on the amount of your actual purchases will be redeemed from your account.
Waivers for certain Class A investors
Class A initial sales charges are waived for certain types of investors, including:
n | | Employees of Service Agents having dealer, service or other selling agreements with the fund’s distributor |
n | | Investors who redeemed Class A shares of a Legg Mason Partners Fund in the past 60 days, if the investor’s Service Agent is notified |
n | | Directors and officers of any Legg Mason-sponsored fund |
18 Legg Mason Partners Funds
n | | Employees of Legg Mason and its subsidiaries |
n | | Investors investing through certain retirement plans |
If you qualify for a waiver of the Class A initial sales charge, you must notify your Service Agent or the transfer agent at the time of purchase and provide sufficient information at the time of purchase to permit verification that the purchase qualifies for the initial sales charge waiver.
If you want to learn about additional waivers of Class A initial sales charges, contact your Service Agent, consult the SAI or access at the Legg Mason Partners Funds’ website, http://www.leggmason.com/InvestorServices, and click on the name of the fund.
Class B shares
You buy Class B shares at net asset value without paying an initial sales charge. However, if you redeem your Class B shares within 5 years of your purchase payment, you will pay a contingent deferred sales charge. The contingent deferred sales charge decreases as the number of years since your purchase payment increases.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Year after purchase | | 1st | | | 2nd | | | 3rd | | | 4th | | | 5th | | | 6th through 8th | |
Contingent deferred sales charge | | 4.50 | % | | 4 | % | | 3 | % | | 2 | % | | 1 | % | | 0 | % |
| |
LMIS will generally pay Service Agents selling Class B shares a commission of up to 4.00% of the purchase price of the Class B shares they sell, and LMIS will retain the contingent deferred sales charges. Service Agents also receive an annual distribution/service fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets represented by the Class B shares serviced by them.
Class B conversion
After approximately 8 years, Class B shares automatically convert into Class A shares. This helps you because Class A shares have lower annual expenses. Your Class B shares will convert to Class A shares as follows:
| | | | |
| | |
Shares issued: At initial purchase | | Shares issued: On reinvestment of dividends and distributions | | Shares issued: Upon exchange from another Legg Mason Partners Fund |
Approximately 8 years after the date of purchase payment | | In same proportion as the number of Class B shares converting is to total Class B shares you own (excluding shares issued as dividends) | | On the date the shares originally acquired would have converted into Class A shares |
|
Class C shares
You buy Class C shares at net asset value without paying an initial sales charge. However, if you redeem your Class C shares within one year of purchase, you will pay a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00%.
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 19
LMIS will generally pay Service Agents selling Class C shares a commission of up to 0.75% of the purchase price of the Class C shares they sell, and LMIS will retain the contingent deferred sales charges and an annual distribution/service fee of up to 0.70% of the average daily net assets represented by the Class C shares serviced by these Service Agents until the thirteenth month after purchase. Starting in the thirteenth month after purchase, these Service Agents will receive an annual distribution/service fee of up to 0.70% of the average daily net assets represented by the Class C shares serviced by them.
Class I shares (formerly Class Y shares)
Class I shares are purchased at net asset value with no initial sales charge and no contingent deferred sales charge when redeemed. Effective October 17, 2007, the fund’s Class I Shares were closed to all new purchases and incoming exchanges. Investors owning Class I shares on that date will be permitted to continue to add to their Class I share positions.
20 Legg Mason Partners Funds
More about contingent deferred sales charges
The contingent deferred sales charge is based on the net asset value at the time of purchase or redemption, whichever is less, and therefore you do not pay a sales charge on amounts representing appreciation or depreciation.
In addition, you do not pay a contingent deferred sales charge:
n | | When you exchange shares for shares of another Legg Mason Partners Fund |
n | | On shares representing reinvested distributions and dividends |
n | | On shares no longer subject to the contingent deferred sales charge |
Each time you place a request to redeem shares, the fund will first redeem any shares in your account that are not subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and then the shares in your account that have been held the longest.
If you redeem shares of a Legg Mason Partners Fund and pay a contingent deferred sales charge, you may, under certain circumstances, reinvest all or part of the redemption proceeds within 60 days and receive pro rata credit for any contingent deferred sales charge imposed on the prior redemption. Please contact your Service Agent for additional information.
The fund’s distributor receives contingent deferred sales charges as partial compensation for its expenses in selling shares, including the payment of compensation to your Service Agent.
Contingent deferred sales charge waivers
The contingent deferred sales charge for each share class will generally be waived:
n | | On payments made through certain systematic withdrawal plans |
n | | On certain distributions from a retirement plan |
n | | For retirement plans with omnibus accounts held on the books of the fund |
n | | For involuntary redemptions of small account balances |
n | | For 12 months following the death or disability of a shareholder |
If you want to learn more about additional waivers of contingent deferred sales charges, contact your Service Agent, consult the SAI or access the Legg Mason Partners Funds’ website, http://www.leggmason.com/InvestorServices, and click on the name of the fund.
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 21
Retirement and institutional investors
Eligible investors
Retirement Plans
Retirement Plans with omnibus accounts held on the books of the fund can generally choose among two classes of shares: Class C and Class A shares.
“Retirement Plans” include 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit-sharing plans, non-qualified deferred compensation plans and other similar employer-sponsored retirement plans. Retirement Plans do not include individual retirement vehicles, such as traditional and Roth individual retirement accounts, Coverdell education savings accounts, individual 403(b)(7) custodial accounts, Keogh plans, SEPs, SARSEPs, SIMPLE IRAs, or Section 529 savings accounts. Although Retirement Plans with omnibus accounts held on the books of the fund are not subject to minimum initial investment requirements for any of these share classes, certain investment minimums may be imposed by a financial intermediary.
Other Retirement Plans
Other Retirement Plans can generally choose among three classes of shares: Class A, Class B and Class C. “Other Retirement Plans” include Retirement Plans investing through brokerage accounts, and also include certain Retirement Plans with direct relationships to the fund that are neither Institutional Investors nor investing through omnibus accounts. Individual retirement vehicles, such as IRAs, may also choose among these share classes. Other Retirement Plans and individual retirement vehicles are treated like individual investors for purposes of determining sales charges and any applicable sales charge reductions or waivers.
Clients of Eligible Financial Intermediaries
Clients of Eligible Financial Intermediaries may generally purchase Class A shares. “Clients of Eligible Financial Intermediaries” are investors who invest in the fund through financial intermediaries that offer their clients fund shares through investment programs as authorized by LMIS. Such investment programs may include fee-based advisory or brokerage account programs, and college savings vehicles such as Section 529 plans. The financial intermediary may impose separate investment minimums.
Institutional Investors
Investors owning Class I shares on or prior to October 17, 2007 are permitted to continue to add to their Class I share positions. Institutional Investors may also invest in Class A, B and C shares, which have different investment minimums and fees and expenses. “Institutional Investors” generally include corporations, banks, insurance companies, foundations, retirement plans and other similar entities with direct relationships to the fund.
Class C — Retirement Plans
Retirement Plans with omnibus accounts held on the books of the fund may buy Class C shares without paying a contingent deferred sales charge. LMIS does not pay Service Agents selling Class C shares to retirement plans with omnibus accounts held on the books
22 Legg Mason Partners Funds
of the fund a commission on the purchase price of Class C shares sold by them. Instead, immediately after purchase, LMIS will pay these Service Agents an annual distribution/service fee of up to 0.70% of the average daily net assets represented by the Class C shares serviced by them.
Class A – Retirement Plans
Retirement Plans with omnibus accounts held on the books of the fund may purchase Class A shares through programs sponsored by financial intermediaries. Under these programs, the initial sales charge and contingent deferred sales charge for Class A shares are waived where:
n | | Such Retirement Plan’s recordkeeper offers only load-waived shares, |
n | | Fund shares are held on the books of the fund through an omnibus account, and |
n | | The Retirement Plan has more than 100 participants, or has total assets exceeding $1 million |
LMIS does not pay Service Agents selling Class A shares to Retirement Plans with a direct omnibus relationship with the fund a commission on the purchase price of Class A shares sold by them. However, for certain Retirement Plans that are permitted to purchase shares at net asset value, LMIS may pay Service Agents commissions of up to 1.00% of the purchase price of Class A shares that are purchased with regular ongoing plan contributions. Please contact your Service Agent for more information.
Class I shares
On November 20, 2006, Class Y shares were renamed Class I shares. Effective October 17, 2007, the fund’s Class I Shares were closed to all new purchases and incoming exchanges. Investors owning Class I shares on that date will be permitted to continue to add to their Class I share positions.
Other considerations
Plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and other financial intermediaries may choose to impose qualification requirements for plans that differ from the fund’s share class eligibility standards. In certain cases, this could result in the selection of a share class with higher service and distribution-related fees than otherwise would have been charged. The fund is not responsible for, and has no control over, the decision of any plan sponsor, plan fiduciary or financial intermediary to impose such differing requirements. Please consult with your plan sponsor, plan fiduciary or financial intermediary for more information about available share classes.
With respect to Class A and Class C shares, as applicable, the fund may pay a fee for recordkeeping services performed for the share class.
Not all share classes may be made available by your Service Agent. Please contact your Service Agent for additional details.
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 23
Buying shares
| | |
Generally | | You may buy shares at their net asset value next determined after receipt by your Service Agent or the transfer agent of your purchase request in good order, plus any applicable sales charge. |
|
Through a Service Agent | | You should contact your Service Agent to open a brokerage account and make arrangements to buy shares. You must provide the following information for your order to be processed: n Class of shares being bought n Dollar amount or number of shares being bought n Account number (if existing account) Your Service Agent may charge an annual account maintenance fee. |
|
Through the fund | | Financial intermediary accounts, retirement plan accounts and certain other investors who are clients of certain Service Agents are eligible to buy shares directly from the fund. n Write the fund at the following address: Legg Mason Partners Funds c/o PFPC Inc. P.O. Box 9699 Providence, Rhode Island 02940-9699 n Enclose a check to pay for the shares. For initial purchases, complete and send an account application available upon request from Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services at the number below n Specify the name of the fund, the share class you wish to purchase and your account number (if existing account) n For more information, please call Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services at 800-451-2010 |
|
Through a systematic investment plan | | You may authorize your Service Agent or the transfer agent to transfer funds automatically from (i) a regular bank account, (ii) cash held in a brokerage account with a Service Agent, or (iii) certain money market funds, in order to buy shares on a regular basis. n Amounts transferred must be at least $25 n Amounts may be transferred monthly, every alternate month, quarterly, semi-annually or annually n If you do not have sufficient funds in your account on a transfer date, your Service Agent or the transfer agent may charge you a fee For more information, please contact your Service Agent or Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services or consult the SAI. |
24 Legg Mason Partners Funds
Exchanging shares
| | |
Generally | | You may exchange shares at their net asset value next determined after receipt by your Service Agent or the transfer agent of your exchange request in good order. |
|
Legg Mason Partners offers a distinctive family of funds tailored to help meet the varying needs of both large and small investors | | You should contact your Service Agent to exchange into other Legg Mason Partners Funds. Be sure to read the prospectus of the Legg Mason Partners Fund into which you are exchanging. An exchange is a taxable transaction, unless you are investing through a tax-qualified savings plan or account. n If you bought shares through a Service Agent, you may exchange shares only for shares of the same class of certain other Legg Mason Partners Funds made available for exchange by your Service Agent. Not all Legg Mason Partners Funds made available for exchange by your Service Agent may offer all classes. Please contact your Service Agent for more information about the funds and classes that are available for exchange n If you bought shares directly from the fund, you may exchange shares only for shares of the same class of another Legg Mason Partners Fund, other than shares of Legg Mason Partners S&P 500 Index Fund. Not all Legg Mason Partners Funds offer all classes n Not all Legg Mason Partners Funds may be offered in your state of residence. Contact your Service Agent or the transfer agent for further information n Exchanges of Class A, Class B and Class C shares are subject to minimum investment requirements (except for systematic investment plan exchanges), and all shares are subject to the other requirements of the fund into which exchanges are made n If you hold share certificates, the transfer agent must receive the certificates endorsed for transfer or with signed stock powers before the exchange is effective n The fund may suspend or terminate your exchange privilege if you engage in an excessive pattern of exchanges |
|
Sales charges | | In most instances, your shares will not be subject to an initial sales charge or a contingent deferred sales charge at the time of the exchange. Your contingent deferred sales charge (if any) will continue to be measured from the date of your original purchase of shares subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and you will be subject to the contingent deferred sales charge of the fund that you originally purchased. |
|
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 25
| | |
By telephone | | If you do not have a brokerage account with a Service Agent, you may be eligible to exchange shares through the fund. You must complete an authorization form to authorize telephone transfers. If eligible, you may make telephone exchanges on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open. Shareholders should call Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services at 800-451-2010 between 8:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time). You can make telephone exchanges only between accounts that have identical registrations. |
|
By mail | | If you do not have a brokerage account, contact your Service Agent or write to the fund at the address on the following page. |
|
Through a systematic exchange plan | | You may be permitted to schedule exchanges of shares of any class of the fund for shares of the same class of other Legg Mason Partners Funds. n Exchanges may be made monthly, every alternate month, quarterly, semi-annually or annually n A predetermined dollar amount of at least $25 per exchange is required For more information, please contact your Service Agent or Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services or consult your SAI. |
26 Legg Mason Partners Funds
Redeeming shares
| | |
Generally | | You may redeem shares at their net asset value next determined after receipt by your Service Agent or the transfer agent of your redemption request in good order, less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge. Contact your Service Agent to redeem shares of the fund. If you hold share certificates, the transfer agent must receive the certificates endorsed for transfer or with signed stock powers with a signature guarantee before you may redeem. If the shares are held by a fiduciary or corporation, other documents may be required. Your redemption proceeds will normally be sent within 3 business days after your request is received in good order, but in any event within 7 business days. Your redemption proceeds may be delayed for up to 10 days if your purchase was made by check. If you have a brokerage account with a Service Agent, your redemption proceeds will be sent to your Service Agent. In other cases, unless you direct otherwise, your redemption proceeds will be paid by check mailed to your address of record. |
|
By mail | | For accounts held directly at the fund, send written requests to the fund at the following address: Legg Mason Partners Funds c/o PFPC Inc. P.O. Box 9699 Providence, Rhode Island 02940-9699 Your written request must provide the following: n The name of the fund, the class of shares to be redeemed and your account number n The dollar amount or number of shares to be redeemed n Signature of each owner exactly as the account is registered n Signature guarantees, as applicable |
|
By telephone | | If you do not have a brokerage account with a Service Agent, you may be eligible to redeem shares (except those held in certain retirement plans) in amounts up to $50,000 per day through the fund. You must complete an authorization form to authorize telephone redemptions. If eligible, you may request redemptions by telephone on any day the NYSE is open. Shareholders should call Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services at 800-451-2010 between 8:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time). |
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 27
| | |
| | Your redemption proceeds can be sent by check to your address of record or by wire or electronic transfer (ACH) to a bank account designated on your authorization form. You must submit a new authorization form to change the bank account designated to receive wire or electronic transfers and you may be asked to provide certain other documents. The transfer agent may charge a fee on a wire or electronic transfer (ACH). |
|
Automatic cash withdrawal plans | | You can arrange for the automatic redemption of a portion of your shares monthly, every alternate month, quarterly, semi-annually or annually. To qualify, you must own shares of the fund with a value of at least $10,000 ($5,000 for retirement plan accounts) and each automatic redemption must be at least $50. If your shares are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge, the sales charge will be waived if your automatic redemptions are equal to or less than 2% per month of your account balance on the date the withdrawals commence, up to a maximum of 12% in one year. The following conditions apply: n Your shares must not be represented by certificates n All dividends and distributions must be reinvested For more information, please contact your Service Agent or consult the SAI. |
28 Legg Mason Partners Funds
Other things to know about transactions
When you buy, exchange or redeem shares, your request must be in good order. This means you have provided the following information, without which your request may not be processed:
n | | Class of shares being bought, and if you own more than one class, the class of shares being exchanged or redeemed |
n | | Dollar amount or number of shares being bought, exchanged or redeemed |
n | | Signature of each owner exactly as the account is registered (redemptions only) |
The fund’s transfer agent or Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that any telephone exchange or redemption request is genuine, which may include recording calls, asking the caller to provide certain personal identification information, sending you a written confirmation or requiring other confirmation procedures from time to time. If these procedures are followed, neither the fund nor its agents will bear any liability for such transactions.
Signature guarantees
To be in good order, your redemption request must include a signature guarantee if you:
n | | Are redeeming over $50,000 |
n | | Are sending signed share certificates or stock powers to the transfer agent |
n | | Instruct the transfer agent to mail the check to an address different from the one on your account registration |
n | | Changed your account registration or your address within 30 days |
n | | Want the check paid to someone other than the account owner(s) |
n | | Are transferring the redemption proceeds to an account with a different registration |
You can obtain a signature guarantee from most banks, dealers, brokers, credit unions and federal savings and loan institutions, but not from a notary public.
The fund has the right to:
n | | Suspend the offering of shares |
n | | Waive or change minimum and additional investment amounts |
n | | Reject any purchase or exchange order |
n | | Change, revoke or suspend the exchange privilege |
n | | Suspend telephone transactions |
n | | Suspend or postpone redemptions of shares on any day when trading on the NYSE is restricted, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC |
n | | Pay redemption proceeds by giving you securities. You may pay transaction costs to dispose of the securities |
Small account balances/Mandatory redemptions
If at any time the aggregate net asset value of the fund shares in your account is less than $500 for any reason (including solely due to declines in net asset value and/or failure to invest at least $500 within a reasonable period), the fund reserves the right to ask you to bring your account up to the applicable minimum investment amount as determined by
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 29
your Service Agent. In such case, you shall be notified in writing and will have 60 days to make an additional investment to bring your account value up to the required level. If you choose not to do so within this 60-day period, the fund may close your account and send you the redemption proceeds. In the event your account is closed due to a failure to increase your balance to the minimum required amount, you will not be eligible to have your account subsequently reinstated without imposition of any sales charges that may apply to your new purchase. The fund may, with prior notice, change the minimum size of accounts subject to mandatory redemption, which may vary by class, or implement fees for small accounts.
Subject to applicable law, the fund may, with prior notice, adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemptions of shares in certain circumstances.
For more information, please contact your Service Agent or Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services or consult the SAI.
Frequent purchases and redemptions of fund shares
Frequent purchases and redemptions of fund shares may interfere with the efficient management of a fund’s portfolio by its portfolio managers, increase portfolio transaction costs, and have a negative effect on the fund’s long-term shareholders. For example, in order to handle large flows of cash into and out of the fund, the portfolio managers may need to allocate more assets to cash or other short-term investments or sell securities, rather than maintaining full investment in securities selected to achieve the fund’s investment objective. Frequent trading may cause the fund to sell securities at less favorable prices. Transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions and market spreads, can detract from the fund’s performance. In addition, the return received by long-term shareholders may be reduced when trades by other shareholders are made in an effort to take advantage of certain pricing discrepancies, when, for example, it is believed that the fund’s share price, which is determined at the close of the NYSE on each trading day, does not accurately reflect the value of the fund’s portfolio securities. Funds investing in foreign securities have been particularly susceptible to this form of arbitrage, but other funds could also be affected.
Because of the potential harm to funds in the Legg Mason Partners Funds complex and their long-term shareholders, the Board of the fund has approved policies and procedures that are intended to discourage and prevent excessive trading and market timing abuses through the use of various surveillance techniques. Under these policies and procedures, the fund may limit additional exchanges or purchases of fund shares by shareholders who are believed by the manager to be engaged in these abusive trading activities in the fund or in other funds within the fund complex. In the event that an exchange request is rejected, the shareholder may nonetheless redeem its shares. The intent of the policies and procedures is not to inhibit legitimate strategies, such as asset allocation, dollar cost averaging, or similar activities that may nonetheless result in frequent trading of fund shares.
Under the fund’s policies and procedures, the fund reserves the right to restrict or reject purchases of shares (including exchanges) without prior notice whenever a pattern of excessive trading by a shareholder is detected within the fund complex. A committee established by the manager administers the policy. The policy provides that the committee will use its best efforts to restrict a shareholder’s trading privileges in the Legg Mason Partners
30 Legg Mason Partners Funds
Funds if that shareholder has engaged in a total of four or more “Round Trips” across all Legg Mason Partners Funds during any rolling 12-month period. However, the committee has the discretion to determine that restricting a shareholder’s trading privileges is not necessary (or that a new limit on Round Trips should be established for the shareholder) if it is determined that the pattern of trading is not abusive or harmful. In making such a determination, the committee will consider, among other things, the nature of the shareholder’s account, the reason for the frequent trading, the amount of trading and the particular funds in which the trading has occurred. Additionally, the committee has the discretion to make inquiries or to take action against any shareholder whose trading appears inconsistent with the frequent trading policy. Examples of the types of actions the committee may take to deter excessive trading in a shareholder account include restricting the shareholder from purchasing additional shares in a fund altogether or imposing other restrictions (such as requiring purchase orders to be submitted by mail) that would deter the shareholder from trading frequently in the funds.
A “Round Trip” is defined as a purchase (including subscriptions and exchanges) into a fund followed by a sale (including redemptions and exchanges) of the same or a similar number of shares out of the fund within 30 days of such purchase. Purchases and sales of the fund’s shares pursuant to an automatic investment plan or similar program for periodic transactions are not considered in determining Round Trips. For purposes of these policies and procedures, the Legg Mason Partners Funds complex also includes certain Western Asset funds and Barrett Opportunity Fund, but does not include money market funds in the fund complex.
The policies apply to any account, whether an individual account, accounts with financial intermediaries such as investment advisers, broker/dealers or retirement plan administrators, commonly called omnibus accounts, where the intermediary holds fund shares for a number of its customers in one account. The fund’s ability to monitor trading in omnibus accounts may, however, be severely limited due to the lack of access to an individual investor’s trading activity when orders are placed through these types of accounts. There may also be operational and technological limitations on the ability of the fund’s service providers to identify or terminate frequent trading activity within the various types of omnibus accounts. The fund’s distributor has entered into agreements with intermediaries requiring the intermediaries to, among other things, help identify frequent trading activity and to prohibit further purchases or exchanges by a shareholder identified as having engaged in frequent trading. These agreements took effect on October 16, 2007.
The fund’s policies also require personnel such as portfolio managers and investment staff to report any abnormal or otherwise suspicious investment activity, and prohibits short-term trades by such personnel for their own account in mutual funds managed by the manager and its affiliates, other than money market funds. The fund has also adopted policies and procedures to prevent the selective release of information about the fund’s portfolio holdings, as such information may be used for market-timing and similar abusive practices.
The fund’s policies provide for ongoing assessment of the effectiveness of current policies and surveillance tools, and the Board reserves the right to modify these or adopt additional policies and restrictions in the future. Shareholders should be aware, however, that any surveillance techniques currently employed by the fund or other techniques that may
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 31
be adopted in the future may not be effective, particularly where the trading takes place through certain types of omnibus accounts. As noted above, if the fund is unable to detect and deter trading abuses, the fund’s performance, and its long-term shareholders, may be harmed. In addition, shareholders may be harmed by the extra costs and portfolio management inefficiencies that result from frequent trading of fund shares, even when the trading is not for abusive purposes. Furthermore, the fund may not apply its policies consistently or uniformly, resulting in the risk that some shareholders may be able to engage in frequent trading while others will bear the costs and effects of that trading. The fund will provide advance notice to shareholders and prospective investors of any specific restrictions on the trading of fund shares that the Board may adopt in the future.
Share certificates
The fund does not issue share certificates. If you currently hold share certificates of the fund, such certificates will continue to be honored. If you would like to return your share certificates to the fund and hold your shares in uncertificated form, please contact your Service Agent or Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services.
Record ownership
If you hold shares through a Service Agent, your Service Agent may establish and maintain your account and be the shareholder of record. In the event that the fund holds a shareholder meeting, your Service Agent, as record holder, will vote your shares in accordance with your instructions. If you do not give your Service Agent voting instructions, your Service Agent may nonetheless, under certain circumstances, be entitled to vote your shares.
32 Legg Mason Partners Funds
Dividends, distributions and taxes
Dividends and distributions
The fund generally pays dividends, if any, monthly and typically makes capital gain distributions, if any, once a year. The fund may pay additional distributions and dividends at other times if necessary for the fund to avoid a federal tax. The fund expects distributions to be primarily from income and capital gain. Capital gain distributions and dividends are reinvested in additional fund shares of the same class you hold. You do not pay a sales charge on reinvested distributions or dividends. Alternatively, you can instruct your Service Agent or Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services to have your distributions and/or dividends paid in cash. You can change your choice at any time to be effective as of the next distribution or dividend.
Taxes
The following discussion is very general. Because each shareholder’s circumstances are different and special tax rules may apply, you should consult your tax adviser about your investment in the fund.
In general, you will have to pay federal income taxes, as well as any state and local taxes, when you redeem shares, exchange shares or receive a distribution (whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares). Any tax liability that you owe as a result of any of these taxable events is your responsibility. The federal income tax treatment of redemptions, exchanges and distributions is summarized in the following table:
| | |
| |
Transaction | | Federal tax status |
Redemption or exchange of shares | | Usually capital gain or loss; long-term only if shares owned more than one year |
|
Distributions of net capital gain (excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) | | Long-term capital gain |
|
Distribution of qualified dividend income | | Qualified dividend income |
|
Other ordinary dividends (including distributions of net short-term capital gain) | | Ordinary income |
|
Distributions of net capital gain are taxable to you as long-term capital gain regardless of how long you have owned your shares. If the fund receives any qualified dividend income, then distributions of such income received by a non-corporate shareholder may qualify for a reduced tax rate, provided that the shareholder satisfies certain holding period requirements. Qualified dividend income generally is income derived from dividends from a U.S. corporation; dividends from certain foreign corporations may also qualify.
You may want to avoid buying shares when the fund is about to declare a capital gain distribution or a dividend, because it will be taxable to you even though it may effectively be a return of a portion of your investment.
After the end of each year, your Service Agent or the fund will provide you with information about the distributions and dividends you received and any redemptions of shares during the previous year. If you are neither a citizen nor a resident of the United States, the fund will withhold federal income tax at the rate of 30% (or such lower rate as
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 33
may be determined in accordance with any applicable treaty) on ordinary dividends and other payments that are subject to such withholding. Distributions that are designated as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends” are generally exempt from such withholding for taxable years of the fund beginning before January 1, 2008. The fund currently does not expect to designate any distributions as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends.”
If you do not provide the fund with your correct taxpayer identification number and any required certifications, you will be subject to backup withholding at the rate of 28% on your distributions, dividends, and redemption proceeds. Backup withholding will not, however, be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax applicable to shareholders who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States.
34 Legg Mason Partners Funds
Share price
You may buy, exchange or redeem shares at their net asset value, next determined after receipt of your request in good order, plus any applicable sales charge. The fund’s net asset value per share is the value of its assets minus its liabilities divided by the number of shares outstanding. Net asset value is calculated separately for each class of shares. The fund calculates its net asset value every day the NYSE is open. This calculation is done when regular trading closes on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time). The NYSE is closed on certain holidays listed in the SAI.
The Board has approved procedures to be used to value the fund’s securities for the purposes of determining the fund’s net asset value. The valuation of the securities of the fund is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board. The Board has delegated certain valuation functions for the fund to the manager.
The fund generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The fund’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of when the London Stock Exchange closes, which is usually at 12 noon Eastern time, as the manager believes that these valuations typically reflect the largest trading volume in the foreign currency markets. A material change in the value of currency during the period between the close of the London Stock Exchange and the calculation of the fund’s net asset value on the same date is considered a significant event, as described below, in response to which the fund may use fair valuation procedures to value the affected investments. The market price for debt obligations is generally the price supplied by an independent third party pricing service approved by the Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. Short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment’s fair value. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed by the manager to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more broker/dealers that make a market in the security. When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the manager believes that they are unreliable, the manager may price securities using fair value procedures approved by the Board. Because the fund invests in securities of issuers located in emerging markets and securities rated below investment grade — some of which may be thinly traded, for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable — the fund may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid, such as securities of large capitalization domestic issuers. The fund may also use fair value procedures if the manager determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the fund’s net asset value is calculated. In particular, the value of foreign securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are valued, but before the fund prices its shares.
Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 35
no assurance that the fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the fund determines its net asset value.
In order to buy, redeem or exchange shares at that day’s price, you must place your order with your Service Agent or the transfer agent before the NYSE closes. If the NYSE closes early, you must place your order prior to the actual closing time.
It is the responsibility of the Service Agents to transmit all orders to buy, exchange or redeem shares to the transfer agent on a timely basis.
36 Legg Mason Partners Funds
Financial highlights
The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the performance of each class for the past five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single share. Total return represents the rate that a shareholder would have earned (or lost) on a fund share assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions. The information in the following tables has been derived from the predecessor fund’s financial statements.
These financial statements have been audited by KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the fund’s financial statements, is included in the annual report (available upon request). The financial information shown below for the period prior to April 16, 2007 is that of the fund’s predecessor. As of April 29, 2004, Class L shares of the fund were renamed Class C shares. As of November 20, 2006, Class Y shares were renamed Class I shares.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For a Class A share outstanding throughout each year ended July 31, unless otherwise noted: | |
| | | | | |
Class A Shares(1) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | | $6.64 | | | $6.94 | | | $6.79 | | | $6.62 | | | $5.97 | |
| |
Income (Loss) From Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | 0.52 | | | 0.53 | | | 0.52 | | | 0.55 | | | 0.62 | |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) | | (0.07 | ) | | (0.30 | ) | | 0.16 | | | 0.23 | | | 0.69 | |
| |
Total Income From Operations | | 0.45 | | | 0.23 | | | 0.68 | | | 0.78 | | | 1.31 | |
| |
Less Distributions From: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | (0.53 | ) | | (0.53 | ) | | (0.53 | ) | | (0.59 | ) | | (0.61 | ) |
Return of capital | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (0.02 | ) | | (0.05 | ) |
| |
Total Distributions | | (0.53 | ) | | (0.53 | ) | | (0.53 | ) | | (0.61 | ) | | (0.66 | ) |
| |
Net Asset Value, End of Year | | $6.56 | | | $6.64 | | | $6.94 | | | $6.79 | | | $6.62 | |
| |
Total Return(2) | | 6.75 | % | | 3.38 | % | | 10.26 | %(3) | | 12.16 | % | | 23.23 | % |
| |
Net Assets, End of Year (millions) | | $310 | | | $347 | | | $397 | | | $438 | | | $421 | |
| |
Ratios to Average Net Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross expenses | | 0.94 | %(4) | | 0.94 | % | | 0.98 | % | | 1.03 | % | | 1.07 | % |
Net expenses | | 0.94 | (4)(5) | | 0.92 | (5) | | 0.96 | (5) | | 1.03 | | | 1.07 | |
Net investment income | | 7.54 | | | 7.77 | | | 7.47 | | | 7.97 | | | 9.76 | |
| |
Portfolio Turnover Rate | | 63 | % | | 55 | % | | 18 | % | | 44 | % | | 53 | % |
| |
(1) | | Per share amounts have been calculated using the average shares method. |
(2) | | Performance figures may reflect fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. In the absence of fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements, the total return would have been lower. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. |
(3) | | The prior investment manager fully reimbursed the Fund for losses incurred resulting from an investment transaction error. Without this reimbursement, total return would not have changed. |
(4) | | Included in the expense ratios are certain non-recurring restructuring (and reorganization, if applicable) fees that were incurred by the Fund during the period. Without these fees, the gross and net expense ratios would both have been 0.92%. |
(5) | | Reflects fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. |
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 37
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For a Class B share outstanding throughout each year ended July 31, unless otherwise noted: | |
| | | | | |
Class B Shares(1) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | | $6.67 | | | $6.97 | | | $6.82 | | | $6.64 | | | $5.99 | |
| |
Income (Loss) From Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | 0.49 | | | 0.49 | | | 0.48 | | | 0.51 | | | 0.59 | |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) | | (0.06 | ) | | (0.30 | ) | | 0.16 | | | 0.25 | | | 0.68 | |
| |
Total Income From Operations | | 0.43 | | | 0.19 | | | 0.64 | | | 0.76 | | | 1.27 | |
| |
Less Distributions From: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | (0.51 | ) | | (0.49 | ) | | (0.49 | ) | | (0.56 | ) | | (0.57 | ) |
Return of capital | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (0.02 | ) | | (0.05 | ) |
| |
Total Distributions | | (0.51 | ) | | (0.49 | ) | | (0.49 | ) | | (0.58 | ) | | (0.62 | ) |
| |
Net Asset Value, End of Year | | $6.59 | | | $6.67 | | | $6.97 | | | $6.82 | | | $6.64 | |
| |
Total Return(2) | | 6.25 | % | | 2.87 | % | | 9.65 | %(3) | | 11.72 | % | | 22.45 | % |
| |
Net Assets, End of Year (millions) | | $118 | | | $180 | | | $273 | | | $353 | | | $392 | |
| |
Ratios to Average Net Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross expenses | | 1.42 | %(4) | | 1.46 | % | | 1.49 | % | | 1.55 | % | | 1.57 | % |
Net expenses | | 1.42 | (4)(5) | | 1.44 | (5) | | 1.47 | (5) | | 1.55 | | | 1.57 | |
Net investment income | | 7.06 | | | 7.22 | | | 6.95 | | | 7.46 | | | 9.31 | |
| |
Portfolio Turnover Rate | | 63 | % | | 55 | % | | 18 | % | | 44 | % | | 53 | % |
| |
(1) | | Per share amounts have been calculated using the average shares method. |
(2) | | Performance figures may reflect fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. In the absence of fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements, the total return would have been lower. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. |
(3) | | The prior investment manager fully reimbursed the Fund for losses incurred resulting from an investment transaction error. Without this reimbursement, total return would not have changed. |
(4) | | Included in the expense ratios are certain non-recurring restructuring (and reorganization, if applicable) fees that were incurred by the Fund during the period. Without these fees, the gross and net expense ratios would both have been 1.40%. |
(5) | | Reflects fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. |
38 Legg Mason Partners Funds
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For a Class C share outstanding throughout each year ended July 31, unless otherwise noted: | |
| | | | | |
Class C Shares(1) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | | $6.67 | | | $6.98 | | | $6.82 | | | $6.65 | | | $6.00 | |
| |
Income (Loss) From Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | 0.49 | | | 0.50 | | | 0.49 | | | 0.52 | | | 0.59 | |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) | | (0.06 | ) | | (0.31 | ) | | 0.17 | | | 0.24 | | | 0.69 | |
| |
Total Income From Operations | | 0.43 | | | 0.19 | | | 0.66 | | | 0.76 | | | 1.28 | |
| |
Less Distributions From: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | (0.51 | ) | | (0.50 | ) | | (0.50 | ) | | (0.57 | ) | | (0.58 | ) |
Return of capital | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (0.02 | ) | | (0.05 | ) |
| |
Total Distributions | | (0.51 | ) | | (0.50 | ) | | (0.50 | ) | | (0.59 | ) | | (0.63 | ) |
| |
Net Asset Value, End of Year | | $6.59 | | | $6.67 | | | $6.98 | | | $6.82 | | | $6.65 | |
| |
Total Return(2) | | 6.31 | % | | 2.78 | % | | 9.90 | %(3) | | 11.64 | % | | 22.55 | % |
| |
Net Assets, End of Year (millions) | | $255 | | | $142 | | | $191 | | | $230 | | | $217 | |
| |
Ratios to Average Net Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross expenses | | 1.39 | %(4) | | 1.39 | % | | 1.42 | % | | 1.48 | % | | 1.50 | % |
Net expenses | | 1.36 | (4)(5)(6) | | 1.37 | (5) | | 1.40 | (5) | | 1.48 | | | 1.50 | |
Net investment income | | 7.10 | | | 7.30 | | | 7.02 | | | 7.53 | | | 9.31 | |
| |
Portfolio Turnover Rate | | 63 | % | | 55 | % | | 18 | % | | 44 | % | | 53 | % |
| |
(1) | | Per share amounts have been calculated using the average shares method. |
(2) | | Performance figures may reflect fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. In the absence of fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements, the total return would have been lower. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. |
(3) | | The prior investment manager fully reimbursed the Fund for losses incurred resulting from an investment transaction error. Without this reimbursement, total return would not have changed. |
(4) | | Included in the expense ratios are certain non-recurring restructuring (and reorganization, if applicable) fees that were incurred by the Fund during the period. Without these fees, the gross and net expense ratios would have been 1.38 % and 1.34%, respectively. |
(5) | | Reflects fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. |
(6) | | As a result of a contractual expense limitation, effective March 16, 2007 through December 1, 2008, the ratio of expenses, other than interest, brokerage, taxes and extraordinary expenses, to average net assets of Class C shares will not exceed 1.38%. |
Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund 39
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For a Class I share outstanding throughout each year ended July 31, unless otherwise noted: | |
| | | | | |
Class I Shares(1)(2) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | | $6.68 | | | $6.98 | | | $6.82 | | | $6.65 | | | $6.00 | |
| |
Income (Loss) From Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | 0.54 | | | 0.53 | | | 0.54 | | | 0.56 | | | 0.65 | |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) | | (0.07 | ) | | (0.28 | ) | | 0.17 | | | 0.25 | | | 0.68 | |
| |
Total Income From Operations | | 0.47 | | | 0.25 | | | 0.71 | | | 0.81 | | | 1.33 | |
| |
Less Distributions From: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | (0.56 | ) | | (0.55 | ) | | (0.55 | ) | | (0.62 | ) | | (0.63 | ) |
Return of capital | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (0.02 | ) | | (0.05 | ) |
| |
Total Distributions | | (0.56 | ) | | (0.55 | ) | | (0.55 | ) | | (0.64 | ) | | (0.68 | ) |
| |
Net Asset Value, End of Year | | $6.59 | | | $6.68 | | | $6.98 | | | $6.82 | | | $6.65 | |
| |
Total Return(3) | | 6.90 | % | | 3.67 | % | | 10.72 | %(4) | | 12.46 | % | | 23.58 | % |
| |
Net Assets, End of Year (millions) | | $7 | | | $7 | | | $148 | | | $178 | | | $159 | |
| |
Ratios to Average Net Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross expenses | | 0.65 | %(5) | | 0.62 | % | | 0.62 | % | | 0.71 | % | | 0.73 | % |
Net expenses | | 0.65 | (5)(6) | | 0.62 | (6) | | 0.60 | (6) | | 0.71 | | | 0.73 | |
Net investment income | | 7.72 | | | 7.66 | | | 7.81 | | | 8.30 | | | 10.14 | |
| |
Portfolio Turnover Rate | | 63 | % | | 55 | % | | 18 | % | | 44 | % | | 53 | % |
| |
(1) | | Per share amounts have been calculated using the average shares method. |
(2) | | As of November 20, 2006, Class Y shares were renamed Class I shares. |
(3) | | Performance figures may reflect fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. In the absence of fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements, the total return would have been lower. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. |
(4) | | The prior investment manager fully reimbursed the Fund for losses incurred resulting from an investment transaction error. Without this reimbursement, total return would not have changed. |
(5) | | Included in the expense ratios are certain non-recurring restructuring (and reorganization, if applicable) fees that were incurred by the Fund during the period. Without these fees, the gross and net expense ratios would both have been 0.62%. |
(6) | | Reflects fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. |
40 Legg Mason Partners Funds
(Investment Company Act
file no. 811-04254)
FD0220 12/07

Legg Mason Partners
High Income Fund
You may visit the fund’s website at http://www.leggmason.com/InvestorServices for a free copy of a Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) or an Annual or Semi-Annual Report, or to request other information.
Shareholder reports Additional information about the fund’s investments is available in the fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders. In the fund’s Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the fund’s performance.
The fund sends only one report to a household if more than one account has the same last name and same address. Contact your Service Agent or Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services if you do not want this policy to apply to you.
Statement of additional information The SAI provides more detailed information about the fund and is incorporated by reference into (is legally a part of) this Prospectus.
You can make inquiries about the fund or obtain shareholder reports or the SAI (without charge) by contacting your Service Agent, by calling Legg Mason Partners Shareholder Services at 800-451-2010, or by writing to the fund at Legg Mason Partners Funds, 125 Broad Street, New York, New York 10004.
Information about the fund (including the SAI) can be reviewed and copied at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (the “SEC”) Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained for a duplicating fee by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
If someone makes a statement about the fund that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the fund nor the distributor are offering to sell shares of the fund to any person to whom the fund may not lawfully sell its shares.
December 1, 2007
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
LEGG MASON PARTNERS CORE BOND FUND
LEGG MASON PARTNERS DIVERSIFIED STRATEGIC INCOME FUND
LEGG MASON PARTNERS HIGH INCOME FUND
LEGG MASON PARTNERS MUNICIPAL HIGH INCOME FUND
125 Broad Street
New York, New York 10004
(800) 451-2010
This Statement of Additional Information (this “SAI”) is not a prospectus and is meant to be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses of Legg Mason Partners Core Bond Fund (“Core Bond Fund”), Legg Mason Partners Diversified Strategic Income Fund (“Diversified Strategic Income Fund”), Legg Mason Partners High Income Fund (“High Income Fund”) and Legg Mason Partners Municipal High Income Fund (“Municipal High Income Fund” and, together with Core Bond Fund, Diversified Strategic Income Fund and High Income Fund, the “funds”), each dated December 1, 2007, each as amended or supplemented from time to time, and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into each of the prospectuses. As part of a number of initiatives launched in 2006 to restructure and streamline the Legg Mason Partners fund complex, each of the funds assumed the assets and liabilities of a predecessor fund with the same name. The funds are now grouped for organizational and governance purposes with other Legg Mason Partners funds that are predominantly fixed-income-type funds, and are series of Legg Mason Partners Income Trust (the “Trust”), a Maryland business trust. Certain historical information contained in this SAI is that of the funds’ predecessors.
Additional information about a fund’s investments is available in the fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. These reports contain financial statements that are incorporated herein by reference. Each fund’s prospectus and copies of these reports may be obtained free of charge by contacting the distributor’s financial advisor or registered representative, broker/dealer, financial intermediary or financial institution that has entered into an agreement with the funds’ distributor (each called a “Service Agent”), or by writing or calling the Trust at the address or telephone number set forth above. Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS”), a wholly-owned broker/dealer subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”), serves as each fund’s sole and exclusive distributor.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| | |
Management | | 2 |
Investment Management and Other Services | | 13 |
Portfolio Manager Disclosure | | 19 |
Investment Objectives and Management Policies | | 25 |
Risk Factors | | 54 |
Investment Policies | | 57 |
Portfolio Transactions | | 61 |
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings | | 64 |
Purchase of Shares | | 67 |
Redemption of Shares | | 72 |
Exchange Privilege | | 74 |
Distributor | | 75 |
Valuation of Shares | | 80 |
Taxes | | 80 |
Additional Information | | 88 |
Fund Shares | | 94 |
Financial Statements | | 96 |
Appendix A—Western Asset Management Company and Western Asset Management Company Limited Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures | | A-1 |
Appendix B—Description of Ratings | | B-1 |
This SAI is NOT a prospectus and is authorized for distribution to prospective investors only if preceded or accompanied by an effective prospectus.
1
MANAGEMENT
The business affairs of the funds are managed by or under the direction of the Board of Trustees (the “Board”). The Board elects officers who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the funds and who execute policies authorized by the Board.
The current Trustees, including the Trustees of the funds who are not “interested persons” of the funds (the “Independent Trustees”), as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and executive officers of the funds, their years of birth, their principal occupations during at least the past five years (their titles may have varied during that period), the number of funds associated with Legg Mason the Trustees oversee, and other board memberships they hold are set forth below. The address of each Trustee is c/o R. Jay Gerken, 620 8th Avenue, New York, New York 10018.
The following information relates to the Trust’s recently elected Board of Trustees.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Name and Year of Birth | | Position(s) with Fund | | Term of Office* and Length of Time Served** | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | | Number of Funds in Fund Complex to be Overseen by Trustee | | Other Board Memberships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
Independent Trustees: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Elliott J. Berv Born 1943 | | Trustee | | Since 1989 | | President and Chief Executive Officer, Catalyst (consulting) (since 1984); Chief Executive Officer, Rocket City Enterprises (media) (2000 to 2005) | | 66 | | Board Member, American Identity Corp. (doing business as Morpheus Technologies) (biometric information management) (since 2001); Director, Lapoint Industries (industrial filter company) (since 2002); Director, Alzheimer’s Association (New England Chapter) (since 1998) |
| | | | | |
A. Benton Cocanougher Born 1938 | | Trustee | | Since 1991 | | Dean Emeritus and Professor, Texas A&M University (since 2004); former Interim Chancellor, Texas A&M University System (2003 to 2004); former Special Advisor to the President, Texas A&M University (2002 to 2003); former Dean and Professor of Marketing, College and Graduate School of Business of Texas A&M University (1987 to 2001) | | 66 | | None |
2
| | | | | | | | | | |
Name and Year of Birth | | Position(s) with Fund | | Term of Office* and Length of Time Served** | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | | Number of Funds in Fund Complex to be Overseen by Trustee | | Other Board Memberships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
Jane F. Dasher Born 1949 | | Trustee | | Since 1999 | | Chief Financial Officer, Korsant Partners, LLC (a family investment company) | | 66 | | None |
| | | | | |
Mark T. Finn Born 1943 | | Trustee | | Since 1989 | | Adjunct Professor, College of William & Mary (since 2002); Principal/Member, Balvan Partners (investment management) (since 2002); Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Owner, Vantage Consulting Group, Inc. (investment management) (since 1988); formerly, Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer, Lindner Asset Management Company (mutual fund company) (1999 to 2001); formerly, General Partner and Shareholder, Greenwich Ventures LLC (investment partnership) (1996 to 2001) | | 66 | | None |
| | | | | |
Rainer Greeven Born 1936 | | Trustee | | Since 1994 | | Attorney, Rainer Greeven PC; President and Director, 62nd Street East Corporation (real estate) (since 2002) | | 66 | | None |
3
| | | | | | | | | | |
Name and Year of Birth | | Position(s) with Fund | | Term of Office* and Length of Time Served** | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | | Number of Funds in Fund Complex to be Overseen by Trustee | | Other Board Memberships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
Stephen Randolph Gross Born 1947 | | Trustee | | Since 1986 | | Chairman, HLB Gross Collins, P.C. (accounting and consulting firm) (since 1979); Treasurer, Coventry Limited, Inc. (Senior Living Facilities) (since 1985); formerly, Managing Director, Fountainhead Ventures, L.L.C. (technology accelerator) (1998 to 2003); formerly, Treasurer, Hank Aaron Enterprises (fast food franchise) (1985 to 2001); formerly, Partner, Capital Investment Advisory Partners (leverage buyout consulting) (2000 to 2002); formerly, Secretary, Carint N.A. (manufacturing) (1998 to 2002) | | 66 | | Director, Andersen Calhoun (assisted living) (since 1987); formerly, Director, United Telesis, Inc. (telecommunications) (1997 to 2002); formerly, Director, ebank Financial Services, Inc. (1997 to 2004) |
| | | | | |
Richard E. Hanson, Jr. Born 1941 | | Trustee | | Since 1985 | | Retired; formerly, Headmaster, The New Atlanta Jewish Community High School, Atlanta, Georgia (1996 to 2000) | | 66 | | None |
| | | | | |
Diana R. Harrington Born 1940 | | Trustee | | Since 1992 | | Professor, Babson College (since 1992) | | 66 | | None |
| | | | | |
Susan M. Heilbron Born 1945 | | Trustee | | Since 1994 | | Independent Consultant (since 2001); formerly, President, Lacey & Heilbron (communications consulting) (1990 to 2002) | | 66 | | None |
4
| | | | | | | | | | |
Name and Year of Birth | | Position(s) with Fund | | Term of Office* and Length of Time Served** | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | | Number of Funds in Fund Complex to be Overseen by Trustee | | Other Board Memberships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
Susan B. Kerley Born 1951 | | Trustee | | Since 1992 | | Investment Consulting Partner, Strategic Management Advisers, LLC (investment consulting) (since 1990) | | 66 | | Chairman and Independent Board Member of Eclipse Fund, Inc. and Eclipse Funds (which trade as Mainstay Funds) (currently supervises 16 investment companies in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex) (since 1991) |
| | | | | |
Alan G. Merten Born 1941 | | Trustee | | Since 1990 | | President, George Mason University (since 1996) | | 66 | | Director, Cardinal Financial Corporation (since November 2006); Trustee, First Potomac Realty Trust (since 2005); Director, Xybernaut Corporation (information technology) (2004 to 2006); Director, Digital Net Holdings, Inc. (2003 to 2004); Director, Comshare, Inc. (information technology) (1985 to 2003); Director, BTG, Inc. (information systems) (1997 to 2001) |
| | | | | |
R. Richardson Pettit Born 1942 | | Trustee | | Since 1990 | | Formerly, Duncan Professor of Finance, University of Houston (1977 to 2006) | | 66 | | None |
5
| | | | | | | | | | |
Name and Year of Birth | | Position(s) with Fund | | Term of Office* and Length of Time Served** | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | | Number of Funds in Fund Complex to be Overseen by Trustee | | Other Board Memberships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
Interested Trustee: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
R. Jay Gerken, CFA† Born 1951 | | Trustee, President, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | | Since 2002 | | Managing Director, Legg Mason & Co., LLC (“Legg Mason & Co.”); Chairman of the Board and Trustee/Director of 150 funds associated with Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”) or the “manager” and its affiliates; President, LMPFA (since 2006); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; formerly, Chairman, Smith Barney Fund Management LLC (“SBFM”) and Citi Fund Management, Inc. (“CFM”) (2002 to 2005); formerly, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Travelers Investment Adviser Inc. (2002 to 2005) | | 133 | | Former trustee, Consulting Group Capital Markets Fund (2002-2006) |
* | Each Trustee serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal. |
** | Indicates the earliest year in which the Trustee became a Board member for a fund in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex. |
† | Mr. Gerken is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, because of his position with the manager and/or certain of its affiliates. |
6
| | | | | | |
Name, Year of Birth and Address | | Position(s) with Fund | | Term of Office* and Length of Time Served** | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Officers: | | | | | | |
| | | |
R. Jay Gerken, CFA Born 1951 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018 | | Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer | | Since 2002 | | Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co.; Chairman of the Board and Trustee/Director of 150 funds associated with LMPFA and its affiliates; President, LMPFA (since 2006); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates. Previously, Chairman of SBFM and CFM (2002 to 2005); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Travelers Investment Adviser Inc. (2002 to 2005) |
| | | |
Ted P. Becker Born 1951 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018 | | Chief Compliance Officer | | Since 2006 | | Director of Global Compliance at Legg Mason (2006 to present); Managing Director of Compliance at Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to present); Chief Compliance Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2006); Chief Compliance Officer of LMPFA and certain affiliates; Managing Director of Compliance at Citigroup Asset Management (“CAM,” a group of affiliated investment advisers, which included SBFM, Smith Barney Asset Management and CFM and other affiliated investment advisory entities) (2002 to 2005). |
| | | |
John Chiota Born 1968 300 First Stamford Place Stamford, CT 06902 | | Chief Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer | | Since 2006 | | Vice President of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Vice President at CAM (since 2004); Chief Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2006). Prior to August 2004, Chief Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer of TD Waterhouse |
| | | |
David Castano Born: 1971 Legg Mason 125 Broad Street 10th Floor New York, NY 10004 | | Controller | | Since 2007 | | Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (since 2007); Formerly, Assistant Treasurer of Lord Abbett mutual funds (from 2004 to 2006); Supervisor at UBS Global Asset Management (from 2003 to 2004). Accounting Manager at Citigroup Asset Management (prior to 2003) |
7
| | | | | | |
Name, Year of Birth and Address | | Position(s) with Fund | | Term of Office* and Length of Time Served** | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Matthew Plastina Born 1970 Legg Mason 125 Broad Street 10th Floor New York, NY 10004
| | Controller | | Since 2007 | | Assistant Vice President of Legg Mason or its predecessor (since 1999); Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (since 2007); Formerly, Assistant Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (from 2002 to 2007) |
| | | |
Robert I. Frenkel Born 1954 300 First Stamford Place Stamford, CT 06902 | | Secretary and Chief Legal Officer | | Since 2003 | | Managing Director and General Counsel of Global Mutual Funds for Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Managing Director and General Counsel of Global Mutual Funds for CAM (since 2000); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2003). Previously, Secretary of CFM (2001 to 2004) |
| | | |
Frances M. Guggino Born 1957 125 Broad Street New York, NY 10004 | | Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer | | Since 2004 | | Director of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Director at CAM (1992 to 2005); Treasurer and/or Controller of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Treasurer and/or Controller of certain funds associated with CAM (1992 to 2005) |
| | | |
Thomas C. Mandia Born 1962 300 First Stamford Place Stamford, CT 06902 | | Assistant Secretary | | Since 2000 | | Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel for CAM (since 1992); Assistant Secretary of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. |
* | Each officer serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal. |
** | Indicates the earliest year in which the officer took office for any funds in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex. |
Officers of the funds receive no compensation from the funds, although they may be reimbursed by the funds for reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses for attending Board meetings.
8
The Board has four standing Committees: the Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Investment and Performance Committee (referred to as the Performance Committee) and Pricing Committee. Each of the Audit, Governance, Nominating and Performance Committees is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The Pricing Committee is composed of the Chairman of the Board and one Independent Trustee.
The Audit Committee oversees, among other things, the scope of the funds’ audit, the funds’ accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls. The primary purposes of the Board’s Audit Committee are to assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for oversight of the integrity of the accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices of the funds, and the qualifications and independence of the funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee approves, and recommends to the Independent Trustees for their ratification, the selection, appointment, retention or termination of the funds’ independent registered public accounting firm and approves the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the funds by the independent registered public accounting firm and all permissible non-audit services provided by the funds’ independent registered public accounting firm to its manager and any affiliated service providers if the engagement relates directly to the funds’ operations and financial reporting.
The Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things, recommending candidates to fill vacancies on the Board. The Governance Committee may consider nominees recommended by a shareholder. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send recommendations to the Trust’s Secretary that include all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of Trustees. A recommendation must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected by the shareholders.
The Governance Committee identifies potential nominees through its network of contacts and may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm. The committee meets to discuss and consider such candidates’ qualifications and then chooses a candidate by majority vote. The committee does not have specific, minimum qualifications for nominees, nor has it established specific qualities or skills that it regards as necessary for one or more of the Trustees to possess (other than any qualities or skills that may be required by applicable law, regulation or listing standard). However, in evaluating a person as a potential nominee to serve as a Trustee, the Governance Committee may consider the following factors, among any others it may deem relevant:
| • | | whether or not the person is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, and whether the person is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a Trustee; |
| • | | whether or not the person has any relationships that might impair his or her independence, such as any business, financial or family relationships with fund management, the investment adviser, service providers or their affiliates; |
| • | | whether or not the person serves on boards of, or is otherwise affiliated with, competing financial service organizations or their related mutual fund complexes; |
| • | | whether or not the person is willing to serve, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of a Trustee; |
| • | | the contribution which the person can make to the Board (or, if the person has previously served as a Trustee, the contribution which the person made to the Board during his or her previous term of service), with consideration being given to the person’s business and professional experience, education and such other factors as the committee may consider relevant; |
| • | | the character and integrity of the person; and |
| • | | whether or not the selection and nomination of the person would be consistent with the requirements of the retirement policies of the Trust, as applicable. |
9
The Performance Committee is charged with, among other things, reviewing investment performance. The Performance Committee also assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for the review and negotiation of the funds’ investment management and subadvisory arrangements.
The Pricing Committee is charged with determining the fair value prices for securities when required.
As indicated above, the Board is recently elected and is newly constituted as the Board that oversees all of the fixed-income-type funds in the fund complex. All members of the Board previously have served on boards of Legg Mason Partners funds. The newly constituted Board met three times during the fund’s last fiscal year. The Audit, Governance, Performance and Pricing Committees are recently established committees of this Board and met 1,1,1 and 4 times, respectively, during the funds’ last fiscal year.
The following table shows the amount of equity securities owned by the Trustees in the funds and other investment companies in the fund complex supervised by the Trustees as of December 31, 2006.
| | | | |
Name of Trustee | | Dollar Range of Equity(1) Securities in Each Fund | | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity(1) Securities In Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee |
Independent Trustees: | | | | |
Elliott J. Berv | | A | | A |
A. Benton Cocanougher | | A | | C |
Jane F. Dasher | | (2) | | E |
Mark T. Finn | | A | | C |
Rainer Greeven | | A | | A |
Stephen Randolph Gross | | A | | A |
Richard E. Hanson, Jr. | | A | | E |
Diana R. Harrington | | A | | C |
Susan M. Heilbron | | A | | A |
Susan B. Kerley | | A | | B |
Alan G. Merten | | A | | B |
R. Richardson Pettit | | A | | C |
| | |
Interested Trustee: | | | | |
R. Jay Gerken | | A | | E |
(1) | The dollar ranges are as follows: |
A = None
B = $1-$10,000
C = $10,001-$50,000
D = $50,001-$100,000
E = Over $100,000
(2) | Core Bond Fund (B), Diversified Strategic Income Fund (B), High Income Fund (B) and Municipal High Income Fund (B). |
As of December 31, 2006, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of the manager, Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset”), Western Asset Management Company Limited, or distributors of the funds, or in a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the manager, subadvisers or the distributors of the funds.
Information regarding compensation paid by the funds to their recently elected Board and to their prior Board is set forth below. The Independent Trustees receive a fee for each meeting of the Board and committee meetings attended and are reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings.
10
Mr. Gerken, an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, does not receive compensation from the funds for his service as Trustee, but may be reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings.
Each fund pays a pro rata share of the Trustee fees based upon asset size. Each of the funds currently pays each of the Trustees who is not a director, officer or employee of the manager or any of its affiliates its pro rata share of: an annual fee of $100,000, plus $15,000 for each regularly scheduled Board meeting attended in person, $2,500 for each committee meeting attended in person, and $1,000 for certain telephonic Board and committee meetings in which that Trustee participates. The lead Independent Trustee will receive an additional $25,000 per year and the Chairs of the Audit Committee and Performance Committee will each receive an additional $15,000 per year.
Information as to compensation paid to the Trustees for the calendar year ended December 31, 2006 and the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007 is shown on the following pages:
Recently Elected Board
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Name of Trustee | | Aggregate Compensation from the Funds for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | Total Pension or Retirement Benefits Paid as Part of Fund Expenses(1) | | | Total Compensation from Fund Complex Paid to Trustee(1)(2) | | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(1) |
| Diversified Strategic Income | | High Income | | Municipal High Income | | Core Bond | | | |
Independent Trustees: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Elliott J. Berv | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | | (2) | | $ | 154,500 | | 37 |
A. Benton Cocanougher | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | | (2) | | $ | 161,000 | | 37 |
Jane F. Dasher | | $ | 4,205 | | $ | 4,197 | | $ | 4,172 | | $ | 2,563 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 86,100 | | 27 |
Mark T. Finn | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | | (2) | | $ | 179,385 | | 37 |
Rainer Greeven | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 74,000 | | 11 |
Stephen Randolph Gross | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | | (2) | | $ | 191,000 | | 37 |
Richard E. Hanson, Jr. | | $ | 4,013 | | $ | 4,013 | | $ | 4,013 | | $ | 2,413 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 80,900 | | 27 |
Diana R. Harrington | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | | (2) | | $ | 159,625 | | 37 |
Susan M. Heilbron | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 66,200 | | 11 |
Susan B. Kerley | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | | (2) | | $ | 173,000 | | 37 |
Alan G. Merten | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | | (2) | | $ | 148,500 | | 37 |
R. Richardson Pettit | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | | (2) | | $ | 154,500 | | 37 |
| | | | | | | |
Interested Trustee: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
R. Jay Gerken | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | 162 |
11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Name of Trustee | | Aggregate Compensation from the Funds for the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2007 | | Total Pension or Retirement Benefits Paid as Part of Fund Expenses | | | Total Compensation from Fund Complex Paid to Trustee(1)(2) | | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
| Diversified Strategic Income | | High Income | | Municipal High Income | | Core Bond | | | |
Independent Trustees: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Elliott J. Berv | | $ | 460 | | $ | 366 | | $ | 235 | | $ | 107 | | | | (2) | | $ | 164,000 | | 66 |
A. Benton Cocanougher | | $ | 525 | | $ | 417 | | $ | 269 | | $ | 0 | | | | (2) | | $ | 184,000 | | 66 |
Jane F. Dasher | | $ | 3,385 | | $ | 3,197 | | $ | 2,429 | | $ | 1,600 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 136,675 | | 66 |
Mark T. Finn | | $ | 460 | | $ | 235 | | $ | 235 | | $ | 107 | | | | (2) | | $ | 184,500 | | 66 |
Rainer Greeven | | $ | 460 | | $ | 366 | | $ | 235 | | $ | 107 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 129,000 | | 66 |
Stephen Randolph Gross | | $ | 499 | | $ | 397 | | $ | 255 | | $ | 116 | | | | (2) | | $ | 189,697 | | 66 |
Richard E. Hanson, Jr. | | $ | 3,025 | | $ | 2,391 | | $ | 2,260 | | $ | 1,332 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 128,775 | | 66 |
Diana R. Harrington | | $ | 499 | | $ | 397 | | $ | 255 | | $ | 116 | | | | (2) | | $ | 181,250 | | 66 |
Susan M. Heilbron | | $ | 460 | | $ | 366 | | $ | 235 | | $ | 107 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 129,100 | | 66 |
Susan B. Kerley | | $ | 460 | | $ | 366 | | $ | 235 | | $ | 107 | | | | (2) | | $ | 170,000 | | 66 |
Alan G. Merten | | $ | 460 | | $ | 366 | | $ | 235 | | $ | 0 | | | | (2) | | $ | 170,000 | | 66 |
R. Richardson Pettit | | $ | 460 | | $ | 366 | | $ | 235 | | $ | 107 | | | | (2) | | $ | 164,000 | | 66 |
| | | | | | | |
Interested Trustee: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
R. Jay Gerken(3) | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | 133 |
(1) | Messrs. Greeven and Gross also received $5,000 and $12,000, respectively, during 2006 for attending on behalf of their former Boards an additional meeting relating to the selection of service providers for the funds in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex. These amounts were paid by the manager or its affiliates, and not by the funds. |
(2) | Pursuant to prior retirement plans, certain Trustees have received benefits as follows: Mr. Berv: $307,130; Mr. Cocanougher: $503,114; Mr. Finn: $306,079; Mr. Gross: $318,788; Ms. Harrington: $348,670; Ms. Kerley: $217,984; Mr. Merten: $405,257; and Mr. Pettit: $424,976. Each fund formerly overseen by these Trustees paid a pro rata share (based upon asset size) of these benefits. Legg Mason or its affiliates have reimbursed these funds an amount equal to 50% of these benefits. |
(3) | Mr. Gerken was not compensated for his services as a Trustee because of his affiliation with the manager. |
Prior Board
For the year ended December 31, 2006, the former trustees of the funds were paid the compensation listed below for service as Trustees.
12
Prior Board
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Name of Trustee | | Aggregate Compensation from the Funds for Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | Total Pension or Retirement Benefits Paid as Part of Fund Expenses(2) | | | Total Compensation from Fund Complex Paid to Trustee in Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | Number of Funds for Which Trustee Served Within Fund Complex |
| Diversified Strategic Income | | High Income | | Municipal High Income | | Core Bond | | | |
Independent Trustees: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leopold Abraham II | | $ | 4,163 | | $ | 4,163 | | $ | 4,163 | | $ | 2,463 | | | | (2) | | $ | 79,900 | | 27 |
Jane Dasher | | $ | 4,205 | | $ | 4,197 | | $ | 4,172 | | $ | 2,563 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 86,100 | | 27 |
Richard E. Hanson, Jr. | | $ | 4,013 | | $ | 4,013 | | $ | 4,013 | | $ | 2,413 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 80,900 | | 27 |
Paul Hardin | | $ | 4,000 | | $ | 4,000 | | $ | 4,000 | | $ | 2,400 | | | | (2) | | $ | 146,800 | | 34 |
Roderick C. Rasmussen | | $ | 4,000 | | $ | 4,000 | | $ | 4,000 | | $ | 2,400 | | | | (2) | | $ | 80,000 | | 27 |
John P. Toolan | | $ | 3,855 | | $ | 3,847 | | $ | 3,822 | | $ | 2,313 | | | | (2) | | $ | 80,900 | | 27 |
| | | | | | | |
Interested Trustee: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
R. Jay Gerken(3) | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | 162 |
(1) | During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2006, the following former Trustees received the following payments for their service as emeritus trustees: Mr. Allan J. Bloostein: $4,976; and Mr. Donald R. Foley: $9,080. |
(2) | Pursuant to prior emeritus retirement plans, the following former Trustees have received benefits (calculated on a net present value basis) as follows: Mr. Abraham: $288,607; Mr. Bloostein: $439,878; Mr. Foley: $245,580; Mr. Hardin: $539,396; Mr. Rasmussen: $288,607; and Mr. Toolan: $288,607. Benefits under the emeritus retirement plans are paid in quarterly installments unless the Trustee elected to receive them in a lump sum at net present value. Each fund no longer overseen by these Trustees paid its pro rata share (based on asset size) of these aggregate benefits. Legg Mason or its affiliates have reimbursed the funds an amount equal to 50% of these benefits. None of these benefits were paid during the period covered by this table. |
(3) | Mr. Gerken was not compensated for his service as Trustee because of his affiliation with the manager. |
As of October 4, 2007, all Trustees and officers as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each fund.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES
Manager
Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA” or the “manager”) serves as investment manager to each fund pursuant to an investment management agreement (each, a “Management Agreement”) with each fund. LMPFA, with offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, is a recently-organized investment adviser that has been formed to serve as the investment manager of the funds and other Legg Mason-sponsored funds. LMPFA is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. Legg Mason, whose principal executive offices are at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is a global asset management company. As of September 30, 2007, Legg Mason’s asset management operation had aggregate assets under management of approximately $1.012 trillion. LMPFA provides administrative and certain oversight services to the funds.
Under each Management Agreement, subject to the supervision and direction of the Board, the manager is delegated the responsibility of managing the fund’s portfolio in accordance with the fund’s stated investment objective and policies, making investment decisions for the fund and placing orders to purchase and sell securities. The manager also performs administrative and management services necessary for the operation of a fund, such as (i) supervising the overall administration of the fund, including negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billings of, the fund’s transfer agent, shareholder servicing agents, custodian and other independent contractors or agents, (ii) providing certain compliance, fund accounting, regulatory reporting and tax reporting services, (iii) preparing or participating in the preparation of Board materials, registration statements, proxy statements and reports and other communications to shareholders, (iv) maintaining the fund’s existence, and (v) maintaining the registration and qualification of the fund’s shares under federal and state laws.
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Each Management Agreement has an initial term ending November 30, 2007 and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), and (b) in either event, by a majority of the Independent Trustees with such Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose.
Each Management Agreement provides that the manager may render services to others. Each Management Agreement is terminable without penalty on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice by the fund when authorized either by a vote of holders of shares representing a majority of the voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) or by a vote of a majority of the Trustees, or by the manager on not less than 90 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment as defined in the 1940 Act. Each Management Agreement provides that neither the manager nor its personnel shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of security transactions for the fund, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or reckless disregard of its or their obligations and duties.
For its services under each Management Agreement, LMPFA receives an investment management fee that is calculated daily and paid monthly according to the following schedule:
| | | | | |
Fund | | Average Daily Net Assets (if Applicable) | | Investment Management Fee Rate | |
Core Bond Fund* | | First $1 billion | | 0.550 | % |
| | Next $1 billion | | 0.525 | % |
| | Next $3 billion | | 0.500 | % |
| | Next $5 billion | | 0.475 | % |
| | Over $10 billion | | 0.450 | % |
| | |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | First $1 billion | | 0.650 | % |
| | Next $1 billion | | 0.625 | % |
| | Next $3 billion | | 0.600 | % |
| | Next $5 billion | | 0.575 | % |
| | Over $10 billion | | 0.550 | % |
| | |
High Income Fund | | N/A | | 0.600 | % |
| | |
Municipal High Income Fund | | First $1 billion | | 0.550 | % |
| | Next $1 billion | | 0.525 | % |
| | Next $3 billion | | 0.500 | % |
| | Next $5 billion | | 0.475 | % |
| | Over $10 billion | | 0.450 | % |
* | These fees became effective as of November 20, 2006. For the period from December 1, 2005 through November 19, 2006, the management fees payable by Core Bond Fund were calculated based on the fund’s average daily net assets as follows: 0.650% on the first $1 billion; 0.625% on the next $1 billion; 0.600% on the next $3 billion; 0.575% on the next $5 billion; and 0.550% on assets over $10 billion. |
For the period from December 1, 2005 through July 31, 2006, Smith Barney Fund Management LLC (“SBFM”) served as the manager to each fund pursuant to a prior management agreement. Fees payable to SBFM under each prior management agreement were payable on the same schedules described above.
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Prior to December 1, 2005, SBFM served as the adviser and administrator to each fund pursuant to a prior advisory and administration agreement and received separate investment advisory and administration fees. The fees payable by each fund to SBFM under its prior advisory and administration agreement were computed daily and paid monthly at the following annual rates of the applicable fund’s average daily net assets:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Average Daily Net Assets (if Applicable) | | Advisory Fee Rate | | | Administration Fee Rate | | | Total Advisory Fee and Administration Fee Rate | |
Core Bond Fund | | First $1 billion | | 0.650 | % | | None | | | 0.650 | % |
| | Next $1 billion | | 0.625 | % | | None | | | 0.625 | % |
| | Next $3 billion | | 0.600 | % | | None | | | 0.600 | % |
| | Next $5 billion | | 0.575 | % | | None | | | 0.575 | % |
| | Over $10 billion | | 0.550 | % | | None | | | 0.550 | % |
| | | | |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | First $1 billion | | 0.450 | % | | 0.200 | % | | 0.650 | % |
| | Next $1 billion | | 0.450 | % | | 0.175 | % | | 0.625 | % |
| | Next $3 billion | | 0.450 | % | | 0.150 | % | | 0.600 | % |
| | Next $5 billion | | 0.450 | % | | 0.125 | % | | 0.575 | % |
| | Over $10 billion | | 0.450 | % | | 0.100 | % | | 0.550 | % |
| | | | |
High Income Fund | | N/A | | 0.500 | % | | 0.100 | % | | 0.600 | % |
| | | | |
Municipal High Income Fund | | First $1 billion | | 0.400 | % | | 0.150 | % | | 0.550 | % |
| | Next $1 billion | | 0.400 | % | | 0.125 | % | | 0.525 | % |
| | Next $3 billion | | 0.400 | % | | 0.100 | % | | 0.500 | % |
| | Next $5 billion | | 0.400 | % | | 0.075 | % | | 0.475 | % |
| | Over $10 billion | | 0.400 | % | | 0.050 | % | | 0.450 | % |
Prior to October 1, 2005, with respect to Core Bond Fund, Diversified Strategic Income Fund and Municipal High Income Fund, the fees payable by each fund to SBFM under its prior advisory and administration agreement were computed daily and paid monthly at the following annual rates of the applicable fund’s daily net assets:
| | | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Advisory Fee Rate | | | Administration Fee Rate | | | Total Advisory Fee and Administration Fee Rate | |
Core Bond Fund | | 0.65 | % | | None | | | 0.65 | % |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | 0.45 | % | | 0.20 | % | | 0.65 | % |
Municipal High Income Fund | | 0.40 | % | | 0.20 | % | | 0.60 | % |
For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2005, and for the period from August 1, 2005 through November 30, 2005, each fund paid SBFM the following advisory fees under a prior advisory agreement. For the period from December 1, 2005 through July 31, 2006, each fund paid SBFM the following management fees under a prior management agreement. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, each fund paid LMPFA the following management fees under the current management agreement:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Advisory Fees Payable For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2005 | | Advisory Fees Payable for the Period from August 1, 2005 through November 30, 2005 | | Management Fees Payable for the Period from December 1, 2005 through July 31, 2006 | | Management Fees Payable For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2007 |
| | | |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 1,372,877 | | $ | 462,367 | | $ | 839,180 | | $ | 1,169,183 |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 5,118,516 | | $ | 1,491,813 | | $ | 3,723,428 | | $ | 5,363,267 |
High Income Fund | | $ | 5,701,186 | | $ | 1,489,688 | | $ | 2,916,242 | | $ | 4,182,696 |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 1,440,035 | | $ | 457,578 | | $ | 1,308,985 | | $ | 2,326,353 |
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For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the following advisory/management fees for the funds were waived:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fund | | For the Fiscal year Ended July 31, 2005 | | For the Fiscal year Ended July 31, 2006 | | For the Fiscal year Ended July 31, 2007 |
| Amounts Waived | | Amounts Reimbursed | | Amounts Waived | | Amounts Reimbursed | | Amounts Waived | | Amounts Reimbursed |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 34,741 | | N/A | | $ | 4,550 | | $ | 24,741 | | | N/A | | $ | 15,431 |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 348,636 | | N/A | | $ | 20,145 | | $ | 113,651 | | $ | 47,984 | | $ | 12,729 |
High Income Fund | | $ | 250,826 | | N/A | | $ | 16,904 | | $ | 134,148 | | $ | 65,467 | | $ | 15,142 |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 58,564 | | N/A | | $ | 7,375 | | $ | 26,115 | | | N/A | | $ | 11,808 |
For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2005, and for the period from August 1, 2005 through November 30, 2005, the funds paid SBFM administration fees as follows:
| | | | | | | |
Fund | | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2005: | | | For the Period from August 1, 2005 through November 30, 2005 |
Core Bond Fund | | | N/A | | | | N/A |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 2,274,896 | (1) | | $ | 663,028 |
High Income Fund | | $ | 1,140,237 | | | $ | 297,934 |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 720,017 | | | $ | 115,336 |
(1) | For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2005, SBFM waived administration fees in the amount of $29,452 for the Diversified Strategic Income Fund. |
Subadvisers
Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset”) serves as subadviser to each fund and Western Asset Management Company Limited (“Western Asset Limited” and, together with Western Asset, the “subadvisers”) serves as an additional subadviser to Diversified Strategic Income Fund and High Income Fund. Western Asset, established in 1971, has offices at 385 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91101. Western Asset Limited has offices at 10 Exchange Place, London, England. Western Asset and Western Asset Limited act as investment advisers to institutional accounts, such as corporate pension plans, mutual funds and endowment funds. As of September 30, 2007, Western Asset’s total assets under management were approximately $457 billion, and Western Asset Limited’s total assets under management were approximately $100 billion.
References in this SAI to a fund’s subadviser mean the subadviser or subadvisers of the applicable fund referenced above. Each of Western Asset and Western Asset Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason.
Each subadviser serves as subadviser pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement (each, a “Sub-Advisory Agreement”).
Under each Sub-Advisory Agreement, subject to the supervision and direction of the Board and the manager, the subadviser will manage the fund’s portfolio (or allocated portion thereof) in accordance with the fund’s stated investment objective and policies, assist in supervising all aspects of the fund’s operations, make investment decisions for the fund, place orders to purchase and sell securities, and employ professional portfolio managers and securities analysts who provide research services to the fund.
Each Sub-Advisory Agreement has an initial term ending November 30, 2007 and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the Board
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or by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), and (b) in either event, by a majority of the Independent Trustees with such Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The Board or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) may terminate a Sub-Advisory Agreement without penalty, in each case on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice to the subadviser. A subadviser may terminate a Sub-Advisory Agreement on 90 days’ written notice to the fund and the manager. The manager and the subadviser may terminate a Sub-Advisory Agreement upon their mutual written consent. Each Sub-Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of assignment by the subadviser and shall not be assignable by the manager without the consent of the subadviser.
As compensation for its sub-advisory services, (i) the manager will pay to Western Asset a fee equal to 70% of the management fee paid to LMPFA by the applicable funds, net of expense waivers and reimbursements, and (ii) Western Asset will pay to Western Asset Limited a fee equal to 0.30% of the assets of Diversified Strategic Income Fund or High Income Fund that are allocated to Western Asset Limited, in each case, net of expense waivers and reimbursements.
For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, the manager paid fees to Western Asset equal to $818,428, $3,726,986, $2,883,063 and $1,628,447 for its services relating to Core Bond Fund, Diversified Strategic Income Fund, High Income Fund and Municipal High Income Fund, respectively. Western Asset paid fees to Western Asset Limited equal to $7,783 and $0 for its services relating to the Diversified Strategic Income Fund and High Income Fund, respectively for its services relating to each fund.
Prior to August 1, 2006, Legg Mason International Equities Limited (formerly Citigroup Asset Management Limited) served as subadviser to Diversified Strategic Income Fund pursuant to a written agreement effective March 14, 2003. Under this prior agreement, as compensation for sub-advisory services, SBFM paid Legg Mason International Equities Limited a fee of 0.10% from SBFM’s fee.
For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2005 and 2006, SBFM paid Legg Mason International Equities Limited sub-advisory fees of $1,137,448 and $904,349, respectively.
Expenses
In addition to amounts payable under its Management Agreement and 12b-1 plans (as discussed below), each fund is responsible for its own expenses, including, among other things: interest; taxes; governmental fees; voluntary assessments and other expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations; organization costs of the fund; the cost (including brokerage commissions, transaction fees or charges, if any) in connection with the purchase or sale of the fund’s securities and other investments and any losses in connection therewith; fees and expenses of custodians, transfer agents, registrars, independent pricing vendors or other agents; legal expenses; loan commitment fees; expenses relating to share certificates; expenses relating to the issuing and redemption or repurchase of the fund’s shares and servicing shareholder accounts; expenses of registering and qualifying the fund’s shares for sale under applicable federal and state law; expenses of preparing, setting in print, printing and distributing prospectuses and statements of additional information and any supplements thereto, reports, proxy statements, notices and dividends to the fund’s shareholders; costs of stationery; website costs; costs of meetings of the Board or any committee thereof, meetings of shareholders and other meetings of the fund; Board fees; audit fees; travel expenses of officers, Trustees and employees of the fund, if any; and the fund’s pro rata portion of premiums on any fidelity bond and other insurance covering the fund and its officers, Trustees and employees; litigation expenses and any non-recurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including, without limitation, those relating to actions, suits or proceedings to which the fund is a party and the legal obligation which the fund may have to indemnify the fund’s Trustees and officers with respect thereto.
Management may agree to waive fees and/or reimburse operating expenses for one or more classes of shares, either through contractual or voluntary arrangements. Any such waivers and/or reimbursements are
17
described in each fund’s prospectus. The contractual and voluntary fee waivers and/or reimbursements do not cover extraordinary expenses, such as (a) any expenses or charges related to litigation, derivative actions, demand related to litigation, regulatory or other government investigations and proceedings, “for cause” regulatory inspections and indemnification or advancement of related expenses or costs, to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time, (b) transaction costs (such as brokerage commissions and dealer and underwriter spreads) and taxes, and (c) other extraordinary expenses as determined for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time. Without limiting the foregoing, extraordinary expenses are generally those that are unusual or expected to recur only infrequently, and may include such expenses, by way of illustration, as (i) expenses of the reorganization, restructuring, redomiciling or merger of a fund or class or the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets of another fund or class, (ii) expenses of holding, and soliciting proxies for, a meeting of shareholders of a fund or class (except to the extent relating to routine items such as the election of board members or the approval of the independent registered public accounting firm), and (iii) expenses of converting to a new custodian, transfer agent or other service provider, in each case to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time.
Custodian and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as the custodian of each fund. State Street, among other things, maintains a custody account or accounts in the name of each fund; receives and delivers all assets for the fund upon purchase and upon sale or maturity; collects and receives all income and other payments and distributions on account of the assets of the fund; and makes disbursements on behalf of the fund. State Street neither determines a fund’s investment policies, nor decides which securities the fund will buy or sell. For its services, State Street receives a monthly fee based upon the daily average market value of securities held in custody and also receives securities transaction charges, including out-of-pocket expenses. Each fund may also periodically enter into arrangements with other qualified custodians with respect to certain types of securities or other transactions such as repurchase agreements or derivatives transactions. State Street may also act as each fund’s securities lending agent and in that case would receive a share of the income generated by such activities.
PFPC Inc. (“PFPC” or “ transfer agent”), located at P.O. Box 9699, Providence, Rhode Island 02940-9699, serves as each fund’s transfer agent. Under the transfer agency agreement, the transfer agent maintains the shareholder account records for each fund, handles certain communications between shareholders and a fund and distributes dividends and distributions payable by a fund. For these services, the transfer agent receives a monthly fee computed on the basis of the number of shareholder accounts it maintains for the applicable fund during the month, and is reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. Prior to January 1, 2006, Citicorp Trust Bank, fsb served as the funds’ transfer agent and PFPC served as the funds’ sub-transfer agent.
Counsel
Bingham McCutchen LLP, located at 150 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as counsel to each fund.
Sullivan & Worcester LLP, 1666 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, serves as counsel to each of the Independent Trustees of the Board.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, 345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10154, has been selected to audit and report upon the funds’ financial statements and financial highlights for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2008.
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Code of Ethics
Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the Trust, the manager, subadvisers and distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics that permit personnel to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by each fund. All personnel must place the interests of clients first and avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with the duty to make decisions in the best interests of the clients. All personal securities transactions by employees must adhere to the requirements of the Code of Ethics and must be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest, the appearance of such a conflict, or the abuse of an employee’s position of trust and responsibility.
Copies of the Codes of Ethics of the Trust, the manager, the subadvisers and the distributor are on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
Proxy Voting Guidelines and Procedures
Although individual Trustees may not agree with particular policies or votes by the manager or subadvisers, the Board has delegated proxy voting discretion to the manager, believing that the manager and/or the subadvisers should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.
LMPFA delegates the responsibility for voting proxies for the funds to the subadvisers through its contracts with the subadvisers. The subadvisers will use their own Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures to vote proxies. Accordingly, LMPFA does not expect to have proxy-voting responsibility for the funds. Should LMPFA become responsible for voting proxies for any reason, such as the inability of a subadviser to provide investment advisory services, LMPFA shall utilize the proxy voting guidelines established by the most recent subadviser to vote proxies until a new subadviser is retained. In the case of a material conflict between the interests of LMPFA (or its affiliates if such conflict is known to persons responsible for voting at LMPFA) and the funds, the board of directors of LMPFA shall consider how to address the conflict and/or how to vote the proxies. LMPFA shall maintain records of all proxy votes in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations, to the extent that LMPFA votes proxies. LMPFA shall be responsible for gathering relevant documents and records related to proxy voting from the subadvisers and providing them to the funds as required for the funds to comply with applicable rules under the 1940 Act.
Each subadviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures govern in determining how proxies relating to the funds’ portfolio securities are voted and are attached as Appendix A to this SAI. Information regarding how each fund voted proxies (if any) relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge (1) by calling (888) 425-6432, (2) on the funds’ website at http://www.leggmason.com/InvestorServices, and (3) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
PORTFOLIO MANAGER DISCLOSURE
Portfolio Managers
The following tables set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio managers for each of the funds. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of July 31, 2007.
Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers
The table below identifies, for each portfolio manager, the number of accounts (other than the fund with respect to which information is provided) for which he has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts.
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| | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Portfolio Manager(s) | | Registered Investment Companies | | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | Other Accounts |
Core Bond Fund | | S. Kenneth Leech | | 115 registered investment companies with $110.60 billion in total assets under management | | 224 other pooled investment vehicles with $197.28 billion in assets | | 1,103 other account with $303.63 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.78 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Stephen A. Walsh | | 115 registered investment companies with $110.60 billion in total assets under management | | 224 other pooled investment vehicles with $197.28 billion in assets | | 1,103 other accounts with $303.63 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.78 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Carl L. Eichstaedt | | 12 registered investment companies with $3.13 billion in total assets under management | | 1 other pooled investment vehicle with $0.40 billion in assets | | 108 other accounts with $22.51 billion in total assets under management (of which 3 other accounts with $1.09 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Edward A. Moody | | 3 registered investment companies with $0.78 billion in total assets under management | | 1 other pooled investment vehicle with $0.09 billion in assets | | 98 other accounts with $18.90 billion in total assets under management (of which 8 other accounts with $3.05 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Mark Lindbloom | | 6 registered investment companies with $2.76 billion in total assets under management | | 4 other pooled investment vehicles with $0.32 billion in assets | | 40 other accounts with $8.10 billion in total assets under management (of which 4 other accounts with $1.24 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | S. Kenneth Leech | | 115 registered investment companies with $109.99 billion in total assets under management | | 224 other pooled investment vehicles with $197.28 billion in assets | | 1,103 other accounts with $303.63 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.78 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Stephen A. Walsh | | 115 registered investment companies with $109.99 billion in total assets under management | | 224 other pooled investment vehicles with $197.28 billion in assets | | 1,103 other accounts with $303.63 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.78 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Keith J. Gardner | | 7 registered investment companies with $1.32 billion in total assets under management | | 6 other pooled investment vehicles with $1.52 billion in assets | | 1 other accounts with $0.14 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $0.01 billion in total assets under management pays a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Michael C. Buchanan | | 14 registered investment companies with $7.75 billion in total assets under management | | 5 other pooled investment vehicles with $4.19 billion in assets | | 12 other accounts with $1.13 billion in total assets under management |
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| | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Portfolio Manager(s) | | Registered Investment Companies | | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | Other Accounts |
| | Mark Lindbloom | | 6 registered investment companies with $2.76 billion in total assets under management | | 4 other pooled investment vehicles with 0.32 billion in assets | | 40 other accounts with $8.10 billion in total assets under management (of which 4 other accounts with $1.24 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Detlev Schlichter | | 2 registered investment companies with $0.20 billion in total assets under management | | 23 other pooled investment vehicles with $4.41 billion in assets | | 67 other accounts with $25.72 billion in total assets under management (of which 18 other accounts with $6.99 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Edward A. Moody | | 3 registered investment companies with $0.78 billion in total assets under management | | 1 other pooled investment vehicle with $0.09 billion in assets | | 98 other accounts with $18.90 billion in total assets under management (of which 8 other accounts with $3.05 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Carl L. Eichstaedt | | 13 registered in investment companies with $3.35 billion in total assets under management | | 1 other pooled investment vehicle with $0.40 billion in assets | | 108 other accounts with $22.5 billion in total assets under management (of which 3 other accounts with $1.09 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
High Income Fund | | S. Kenneth Leech | | 115 registered investment companies with $110.12 billion in total assets under management | | 224 other pooled investment vehicles with $197.28 billion in assets | | 1,103 other accounts with $303.63 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.78 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Stephen A. Walsh | | 115 registered investment companies with $110.12 billion in total assets under management | | 224 other pooled investment vehicles with $197.28 billion in assets | | 1,103 other accounts with $303.63 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.78 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Michael C. Buchanan | | 13 registered investment companies with $7.06 billion in total assets under management | | 5 other pooled investment vehicles with $4.19 billion in assets | | 12 other accounts with $1.13 billion in total assets under management |
| | | | |
| | Keith J. Gardner | | 7 registered investment companies with $1.32 billion in total assets under management | | 6 other pooled investment vehicles with $1.52 billion in assets | | 1 other accounts with $0.014 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $0.01 billion in total assets under management pays a performance fee) |
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| | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Portfolio Manager(s) | | Registered Investment Companies | | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | Other Accounts |
| | Detlev S. Schlichter | | 2 registered investment companies with $0.20 billion in total assets under management | | 23 other pooled investment vehicles with $4.41 billion in assets under management | | 67 other accounts with $25.72 billion in total assets under management (of which 18 other accounts with $6.99 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
Municipal High Income Fund | | S. Kenneth Leech | | 115 registered investment companies with $110.34 billion in total assets under management | | 224 other pooled investment vehicles with $197.28 billion in assets under management | | 1,103 other accounts with $303.63 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.78 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Stephen A. Walsh | | 115 registered investment companies with $110.34 billion in total assets under management | | 224 other pooled investment vehicles with $197.28 billion in assets under management | | 1,103 other accounts with $303.63 billion in total assets under management (of which 97 other accounts with $33.78 billion in total assets under management pay a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Joseph P. Deane | | 23 registered investment companies with $19.54 billion in total assets under management | | 1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.13 billion in assets under management | | 22 other accounts with $1.96 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $0.33 billion in total assets under management pays a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | David T. Fare | | 23 registered investment companies with $19.54 billion in total assets under management | | 1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.13 billion in assets under management | | 22 other accounts with $1.96 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $0.33 billion in total assets under management pays a performance fee) |
| | | | |
| | Robert Amodeo | | 23 registered investment companies with $19.54 billion in total assets under management | | 1 other pooled investment vehicles with $8.13 billion in assets under management | | 22 other accounts with $1.96 billion in total assets under management (of which 1 other account with $0.33 billion in total assets under management pays a performance fee) |
Portfolio Manager Compensation
Each subadviser’s compensation system assigns each employee a total compensation “target” and a respective cap, which are derived from annual market surveys that benchmark each role with its job function and peer universe. This method is designed to reward employees with total compensation reflective of the external market value of their skills, experience and ability to produce desired results. Standard compensation includes competitive base salaries, generous employee benefits and a retirement plan.
In addition, each subadviser’s employees are eligible for bonuses. These are structured to closely align the interests of employees with those of the subadviser, and are determined by the professional’s job function and pre-tax performance as measured by a formal review process. All bonuses are completely discretionary. One of the principal factors considered is a portfolio manager’s investment performance versus appropriate peer groups
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and benchmarks (e.g., a securities index and, with respect to a fund, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s prospectus to which the fund’s average annual returns are compared or, if none, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s annual report). A subadviser may also measure a portfolio manager’s pre-tax investment performance against other benchmarks, as it determines appropriate. Because portfolio managers are generally responsible for multiple accounts (including the funds) with similar investment strategies, they are compensated on the performance of the aggregate group of similar accounts, rather than a specific account. A smaller portion of a bonus payment is derived from factors that include client service, business development, length of service to the investment manager, management or supervisory responsibilities, contributions to developing business strategy and overall contributions to a subadviser’s business.
Finally, in order to attract and retain top talent, all professionals are eligible for additional incentives in recognition of outstanding performance. These were determined based upon the factors described above and include Legg Mason stock options and long-term incentives that vest over a set period of time past the award date.
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Potential conflicts of interest may arise when a fund’s portfolio managers also have day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other funds or other accounts, as is the case for all of the portfolio managers listed in the table above.
The manager, the subadvisers and the funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the manager or a subadviser and the individuals that it employs. For example, each of the manager and each subadviser seeks to minimize the effects of competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by assigning portfolio managers to manage funds and accounts that share a similar investment style. The manager and subadvisers have also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair allocation of limited investment opportunities among multiple funds and accounts. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the manager, the subadvisers and the funds will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear. These potential conflicts include:
Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. As a result, the portfolio manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as might be the case if he or she were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single fund. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts overseen by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.
Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and/or accounts, the opportunity may be allocated among these several funds or accounts, which may limit a fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity.
Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds and/or accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the funds and/or accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and/or accounts.
Selection of Brokers/Dealers. Portfolio managers may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds and/or accounts that they
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supervise. In addition to executing trades, some brokers and dealers provide portfolio managers with brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might have otherwise been available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the portfolio manager determine in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the fund, a decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds and/or accounts managed.
Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages. If the structure of the investment manager’s management fee and/or the portfolio manager’s compensation differs among funds and/or accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager might be motivated to help certain funds and/or accounts over others. The portfolio manager might be motivated to favor funds and/or accounts in which he or she has an interest or in which the investment manager and/or its affiliates have interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain assets under management or to enhance the portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager in affording preferential treatment to those funds and/or accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.
Related Business Opportunities. The investment manager or its affiliates may provide more services (such as distribution or recordkeeping) for some types of funds or accounts than for others. In such cases, a portfolio manager may benefit, either directly or indirectly, by devoting disproportionate attention to the management of funds and/or accounts that provide greater overall returns to the investment manager and its affiliates.
Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership
The table below identifies ownership of portfolio securities by each portfolio manager.
| | | | |
Fund | | Portfolio Manager | | Dollar Range of Ownership of Securities |
Core Bond Fund | | S. Kenneth Leech | | None |
| | |
| | Stephen A. Walsh | | None |
| | |
| | Carl L. Eichstaedt | | None |
| | |
| | Edward A. Moody | | None |
| | |
| | Mark Lindbloom | | None |
| | |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | S. Kenneth Leech | | None |
| | |
| | Stephen A. Walsh | | None |
| | |
| | Keith J. Gardner | | None |
| | |
| | Michael C. Buchanan | | None |
| | |
| | Mark Lindbloom | | None |
| | |
| | Detlev Schlichter | | None |
| | |
| | Edward A. Moody | | None |
| | |
| | Carl L. Eichstaedt | | None |
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| | | | |
Fund | | Portfolio Manager | | Dollar Range of Ownership of Securities |
High Income Fund | | S. Kenneth Leech | | None |
| | |
| | Stephen A. Walsh | | None |
| | |
| | Michael C. Buchanan | | None |
| | |
| | Detlev S. Schlichter | | None |
| | |
| | Keith J. Gardner | | None |
| | |
Municipal High Income Fund | | S. Kenneth Leech | | None |
| | |
| | Stephen A. Walsh | | None |
| | |
| | Robert E. Amodeo | | None |
| | |
| | Joseph P. Deane | | None |
| | |
| | David T. Fare | | None |
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Each of the funds is registered under the 1940 Act as an open-end, diversified management investment company.
Each fund’s prospectus discusses the fund’s investment objective and policies. The following discussion supplements the description of each fund’s investment policies in its prospectus.
Core Bond Fund
Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies
The fund seeks to maximize total return consisting of capital appreciation and income.
Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in debt and fixed-income securities of various maturities, which may include the following:
| • | | Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; |
| • | | U.S. dollar denominated debt securities issued or guaranteed by other national governments, their agencies, instrumentalities and political sub-divisions, as well as securities of supranational organizations; |
| • | | U.S. dollar denominated corporate debt securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers; |
| • | | Mortgage-related securities issued by various governmental and nongovernmental entities; |
| • | | Asset-backed securities; |
| • | | Convertible securities; |
| • | | Securitized participations in loans; |
In addition, the fund may invest in warrants.
The fund anticipates that all securities it purchases will be investment grade, i.e., rated at the time of investment BBB/Baa or higher by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) or, if not rated by any NRSRO, determined by the subadviser to be of comparable quality.
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The average modified duration of the fund is generally expected to range within 20% of the duration of the domestic bond market as a whole, typically 3 to 6 years, depending on the portfolio managers’ expectation regarding interest rates. Generally, “duration” is a measure of the expected life of a fixed-income security on a cash flow basis. Duration takes the time intervals over which the interest and principal payments are scheduled and weights each by the present value of the cash to be received at the corresponding future point in time. Modified duration measures the expected sensitivity of a security’s market price to changes in interest rates, taking into account the effects of the security’s structural complexities. If the portfolio managers expect interest rates to rise, which would negatively impact the value of the fund’s fixed-income investments, they will be permitted to decrease the duration of the fund. Conversely, if the portfolio managers expect interest rates to fall, they will be permitted to increase the duration of the fund.
U.S. Treasury securities in which the fund may invest include stripped U.S. Treasury securities, or STRIPS, and inflation index linked securities. U.S. government securities, including mortgage pools issued by instrumentalities of the U.S. government, held by the fund are not necessarily guaranteed or backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and are subject to credit risk, meaning that it is possible that the issuers of these securities will be unable to make required payments. Although payments of principal and interest on mortgage pools issued by some U.S. agencies are guaranteed, this guarantee does not apply to losses resulting from declines in their market values.
The fund may invest in all types of dollar-denominated debt securities of non-U.S. governmental issuers. These sovereign debt securities may include:
| • | | Fixed-income securities issued or guaranteed by governments, governmental agencies or instrumentalities and their political subdivisions; |
| • | | Fixed-income securities issued by government-owned, controlled or sponsored entities; |
| • | | Interests in entities organized and operated for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of instruments issued by any of the above issuers; |
| • | | Brady bonds, which are debt securities issued under the framework of the Brady Plan as a means for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness; |
| • | | Participations in loans between governments and financial institutions; and |
| • | | Fixed-income securities issued by supranational entities such as the World Bank or the European Economic Community. A supranational entity is a bank, commission or company established or financially supported by the national governments of one or more countries to promote reconstruction or development. |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund
Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies
The fund seeks high current income.
The fund invests generally in a globally diverse portfolio of fixed-income securities. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests primarily in bonds and related investments. The portfolio managers have broad discretion to allocate the fund’s assets among the following segments of the global market for fixed-income securities, with no specified minimum investment in any segment:
| • | | U.S. government obligations; |
| • | | Investment and non-investment grade U.S. and foreign corporate debt; |
| • | | Mortgage- and asset-backed securities; and |
| • | | Investment and non-investment grade sovereign debt, including, without limit, issuers in emerging markets. |
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The portfolio managers allocate and reallocate the fund’s assets from time to time among the types of fixed-income securities described above based on their analysis of economic and market conditions and the relative returns and risks then represented by each type.
The fund will invest primarily in intermediate-term securities, although the fund may invest in securities of any maturity. As a result, the effective duration of the fund’s portfolio is normally expected to be between three and seven years.
Up to 50% of the fund’s assets may be invested in U.S. or foreign securities rated below investment grade by a NRSRO or, if unrated, determined by the subadviser to be of comparable quality. These securities are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” The fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in debt of issuers located in emerging market countries (as defined under “Securities of Emerging Market Countries” below) that is rated below investment grade.
If, after purchase, the credit rating on a security is downgraded or the credit quality deteriorates, or if the maturity is extended, the fund’s portfolio managers will decide whether the security should be held or sold. Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults, the investors in a security held by the fund may become the holders of the underlying assets. In that case, the fund may become the holder of securities that it could not otherwise purchase at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or can be sold only at a loss.
In the event that a security is rated by different agencies and receives different ratings from these agencies, the fund will treat the security as being rated in the higher rating category received from an agency.
High Income Fund
Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies
The fund seeks high current income.
Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in high yield corporate bonds, debentures and notes. These securities are commonly known as “junk bonds” because they are rated in the lower rating categories of NRSROs and internationally recognized statistical rating organizations, or, if unrated, determined by the subadviser to be of similar credit quality. The fund will not purchase securities rated lower than B by both Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and the Standard & Poor’s Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. if, immediately after such purchase, more than 20% of the fund’s total assets are invested in such securities.
The fund may invest in fixed-income securities denominated either in U.S. dollars or foreign currencies, and may invest up to 40% of its assets in fixed-income securities issued by foreign companies, including those in emerging market countries (as defined under “Securities of Emerging Market Countries” below).
The fund’s investments may be of any maturity, but under normal conditions, the fund expects to maintain an average weighted maturity between 5 and 10 years. The fund may invest in zero coupon bonds, which trade at a discount from face value because no interest is paid until maturity.
Municipal High Income Fund
Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies
The fund seeks to maximize current income exempt from regular federal income tax.
Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in intermediate-term and long-term municipal securities rated medium investment grade,
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low investment grade or below investment grade by a NRSRO, or if unrated, of comparable quality. This policy may not be changed without a shareholder vote. Municipal securities include bonds and leases issued by any of the 50 states and certain other municipal issuers, political subdivisions, agencies and public authorities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax (but may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax). The fund may invest in municipal securities that have remaining maturities ranging from 1 to more than 30 years at the time of purchase. Investment grade bonds are those rated in any of the four highest long-term rating categories, or if unrated, determined by the subadviser to be of comparable quality. The fund may invest up to 50% of its assets in obligations rated below investment grade or, if unrated, determined by the subadviser to be of comparable quality. These securities are commonly known as “junk bonds” because they are rated in the lower rating categories by a NRSRO or, if unrated, determined by the subadviser to be of similar credit quality.
Additional Information
Each fund’s principal investment strategies are described above. The following provides additional information about these principal strategies and describes other investment strategies that may be used by the funds.
U.S. Government Securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the United States government or one of its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities (“U.S. government securities”) in which the funds may invest include debt obligations of varying maturities issued by the United States Treasury or issued or guaranteed by an agency or instrumentality of the United States government, including the FHA, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, SBA, GNMA, General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, FHLMC, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, FNMA, Maritime Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, District of Columbia Armory Board, Student Loan Marketing Association and Resolution Trust Company. Direct obligations of the United States Treasury include bills, certificates of indebtedness, notes and bonds which differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of issuance. These instruments are direct obligations of the United States government and, as such, are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Because the United States government is not obligated by law to provide support to an instrumentality that it sponsors, the funds will not invest in obligations issued by an instrumentality of the United States government unless the subadviser determines that the instrumentality’s credit risk does not make its securities unsuitable for investment by a fund.
Bank Obligations. Domestic commercial banks organized under federal law are supervised and examined by the Comptroller of the Currency and are required to be members of the Federal Reserve System and to be insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). Domestic banks organized under state law are supervised and examined by state banking authorities, but are members of the Federal Reserve System only if they elect to join. Most state banks are insured by the FDIC (although such insurance may not be of material benefit to a fund, depending upon the principal amount of CDs of each held by the fund) and are subject to federal examination and to a substantial body of Federal law and regulation. As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic branches of domestic banks are, among other things, generally required to maintain specified levels of reserves, and are subject to other supervision and regulation designed to promote financial soundness.
Obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks, such as CDs and time deposits, may be general obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and governmental regulation. Obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks are subject to different risks than are those of U.S. banks or U.S. branches of foreign banks. These risks include foreign economic and political developments, foreign governmental restrictions that may adversely affect payment of principal and interest on the obligations, foreign exchange controls and foreign withholding and other taxes on interest income. Foreign branches of U.S. banks are not necessarily subject to the same or similar regulatory requirements that apply to U.S. banks, such as mandatory reserve requirements, loan limitations and accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping requirements. In addition, less information may be publicly available about a foreign
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branch of a U.S. bank than about a U.S. bank. CDs issued by wholly owned Canadian subsidiaries of U.S. banks are guaranteed as to repayment of principal and interest, but not as to sovereign risk, by the U.S. parent bank.
Obligations of U.S. branches of foreign banks may be general obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by federal and state regulation as well as governmental action in the country in which the foreign bank has its head office. A U.S. branch of a foreign bank with assets in excess of $1 billion may or may not be subject to reserve requirements imposed by the Federal Reserve System or by the state in which the branch is located if the branch is licensed in that state. In addition, branches licensed by the Comptroller of the Currency and branches licensed by certain states (“State Branches”) may or may not be required to: (a) pledge to the regulator by depositing assets with a designated bank within the state, an amount of its assets equal to 5% of its total liabilities; and (b) maintain assets within the state in an amount equal to a specified percentage of the aggregate amount of liabilities of the foreign bank payable at or through all of its agencies or branches within the state. The deposits of State Branches may not necessarily be insured by the FDIC. In addition, there may be less publicly available information about a U.S. branch of a foreign bank than about a U.S. bank.
In view of the foregoing factors associated with the purchase of CDs and time deposits issued by foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks, the subadviser will carefully evaluate such investments on a case-by-case basis.
Debt Obligations Generally. The funds may invest in a variety of debt and fixed income securities. These securities share three principal risks: First, the level of interest income generated by the fund’s fixed income investments may decline due to a decrease in market interest rates. Thus, when fixed income securities mature or are sold, they may be replaced by lower-yielding investments. Second, their values fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Thus, a decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of the fund’s fixed income investments. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of the fund’s fixed income investments will generally decline. The magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater when the fund’s duration or average maturity is longer. Changes in the value of portfolio securities will not affect interest income from those securities, but will be reflected in the fund’s net asset value. In addition, certain fixed income securities are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer of securities will be unable to pay principal and interest when due, or that the value of the security will suffer because investors believe the issuer is unable to pay.
Pay-In-Kind. The funds may invest in pay-in-kind securities, which pay all or a portion of their interest in the form of debt or equity securities. Pay-in-kind securities have characteristics similar to those of zero coupon securities, but interest on such securities may be paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash.
Deferred Interest Bonds. The Municipal High Income Fund may invest in deferred interest bonds, which are debt obligations that generally provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins and that are issued at a significant discount from face value. The original discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until the first interest accrual date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Although this period of delay is different for each deferred interest bond, a typical period is approximately one-third of the bond’s term to maturity. Such investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its initial need for cash to meet debt service, but some also provide a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash.
Zero Coupon Bonds. A zero coupon bond pays no interest in cash to its holder during its life, although interest is accrued during that period. Its value to an investor consists of the difference between its face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was acquired, which is generally an amount significantly less than its face value (sometimes referred to as a “deep discount” price). Because such securities usually trade at a deep discount, they will be subject to greater fluctuations of market value in response to changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities which make periodic distributions of interest. On the other hand,
29
because there are no periodic interest payments to be reinvested prior to maturity, zero coupon securities eliminate reinvestment risk and lock in a rate of return to maturity. Diversified Strategic Income and High Income Funds also may invest in payment-in-kind bonds, which, like zero coupon bonds, make no cash payment until maturity. The funds may also invest in hybrid zero coupon securities which possess qualities of both zero coupon and coupon bonds.
Ratings as Investment Criteria. In general, the ratings of NRSROs represent the opinions of these agencies as to the quality of securities that they rate. Such ratings, however, are relative and subjective, are not absolute standards of quality and do not evaluate the market value risk of the securities. These ratings will be used by the funds as initial criteria for the selection of portfolio securities, but the funds also will rely upon the independent advice of the subadviser to evaluate potential investments. Among the factors that will be considered are the long-term ability of the issuer to pay principal and interest and general economic trends. Appendix B to this SAI contains further information concerning the rating categories of NRSROs and their significance.
In the event that a security is rated by different agencies and receives different ratings from these agencies, Diversified Strategic Income Fund and Core Bond Fund will treat the security as being rated in the higher rating category received by an agency and the High Income Fund will treat the security as being rated in the lower rating category received by the agency.
If, after purchase, the credit rating on a security is downgraded or the credit quality deteriorates, or if the maturity is extended, a fund’s portfolio managers will decide whether the security should be held or sold. Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults, the investors in a security held by a fund may become the holders of underlying assets. In that case, the fund may become the holder of securities that it could not otherwise purchase at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or can be sold only at a loss.
Forward Commitments and When-Issued Securities. The funds may enter into commitments to purchase securities on a “forward commitment” basis, including purchases on a “when-issued” basis or a “to be announced” basis. When such transactions are negotiated, certain terms may be fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities takes place at a later date. Such securities are often the most efficiently priced and have the best liquidity in the bond market. During the period between a commitment and settlement, no payment is made by the purchaser for the securities purchased and, thus, no interest accrues to the purchaser from the transaction. In a “to be announced” transaction, a fund commits to purchase securities for which all specific information is not yet known at the time of the trade, particularly the exact face amount in forward commitment mortgage-backed securities transactions.
The funds may sell the securities subject to a forward commitment purchase, which may result in a gain or loss. When a fund purchases securities on a forward commitment basis, it assumes the risks of ownership, including the risk of price fluctuation, at the time of purchase, not at the time of receipt. Purchases of forward commitment securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to deliver after the value of the securities has risen. Depending on market conditions, a fund’s forward commitment purchases could cause its net asset value to be more volatile. A fund may also enter into a forward commitment to sell securities it owns and will generally do so only with the intention of actually delivering the securities. The use of forward commitments enables a fund to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. In a forward sale, a fund does not participate in gains or losses on the security occurring after the commitment date. Forward commitments to sell securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to take delivery after the value of the securities has declined.
Forward commitment transactions involve additional risks similar to those associated with investments in options and futures contracts.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. Three basic types of mortgage-backed securities are currently available for investments: (a) those issued or guaranteed by the United States government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, primarily consisting of securities either guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage
30
Association (“GNMA”) or issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”); (b) those issued by private issuers that represent an interest in or are collateralized by mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by the United States government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities; and (c) those issued by private issuers that represent an interest in or are collateralized by whole mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities without a United States government guarantee but usually having some form of private credit enhancement.
Asset-Backed Securities. An asset-backed security represents an interest in a pool of assets such as receivables from credit card loans, automobile loans and other trade receivables. Changes in the market’s perception of the asset backing the security, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the loan pool, the originator of the loans, or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement, will all affect the value of an asset-backed security, as will the exhaustion of any credit enhancement. The risks of investing in asset-backed securities ultimately depend upon the payment of the consumer loans by the individual borrowers. In its capacity as purchaser of an asset-backed security, a fund would generally have no recourse to the entity that originated the loans in the event of default by the borrower. Additionally, in the same manner as described above under “Mortgage-Related Securities” with respect to prepayment of a pool of mortgage loans underlying mortgage- related securities, the loans underlying asset-backed securities are subject to prepayments, which may shorten the weighted average life of such securities and may lower their return.
Each fund may purchase commercial paper, including asset-backed commercial paper (“ABCP”) that is issued by structured investment vehicles or other conduits. These conduits may be sponsored by mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies, hedge funds, private equity firms and special purpose finance entities. ABCP typically refers to a debt security with an original term to maturity of up to 270 days, the payment of which is supported by cash flows from underlying assets, or one or more liquidity or credit support providers, or both. Assets backing ABCP, which may be included in revolving pools of assets with large numbers of obligors, include credit card, car loan and other consumer receivables and home or commercial mortgages, including subprime mortgages. The repayment of ABCP issued by a conduit depends primarily on the cash collections received from the conduit’s underlying asset portfolio and the conduit’s ability to issue new ABCP. Therefore, there could be losses to a fund investing in ABCP in the event of credit or market value deterioration in the conduit’s underlying portfolio, mismatches in the timing of the cash flows of the underlying asset interests and the repayment obligations of maturing ABCP, or the conduit’s inability to issue new ABCP. To protect investors from these risks, ABCP programs may be structured with various protections, such as credit enhancement, liquidity support, and commercial paper stop-issuance and wind-down triggers. However there can be no guarantee that these protections will be sufficient to prevent losses to investors in ABCP.
Some ABCP programs provide for an extension of the maturity date of the ABCP if, on the related maturity date, the conduit is unable to access sufficient liquidity through the issue of additional ABCP. This may delay the sale of the underlying collateral and a fund may incur a loss if the value of the collateral deteriorates during the extension period. Alternatively, if collateral for ABCP commercial paper deteriorates in value, the collateral may be required to be sold at inopportune times or at prices insufficient to repay the principal and interest on the ABCP. ABCP programs may provide for the issuance of subordinated notes as an additional form of credit enhancement. The subordinated notes are typically of a lower credit quality and have a higher risk of default. A fund purchasing these subordinated notes will therefore have a higher likelihood of loss than investors in the senior notes.
Asset-backed securities are relatively new and untested instruments and may be subject to greater risk of default during periods of economic downturn than other securities, including mortgage-backed securities, which could result in possible losses to a fund. In addition, the secondary market for ABSs may not be as liquid as the market for other securities, including mortgage-backed securities, which may result in a fund’s experiencing difficulty in valuing asset-backed securities.
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Mortgage-Backed Securities and Asset-Backed Securities issued by Nongovernmental Entities. Certain of the mortgage-backed securities, as well as certain of the asset-backed securities, in which a fund may invest will be issued by private issuers, and therefore may have exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. Such mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities may take a form similar to the pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the United States, or may be structured in a manner similar to the other types of mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed securities described below. Private issuers include originators of or investors in mortgage loans and receivables such as savings and loan associations, savings banks, commercial banks, investment banks, finance companies and special purpose finance subsidiaries of these types of institutions.
Unlike mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its sponsored entities, mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers do not have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee, but may have credit enhancement provided by external entities such as banks or financial institutions or achieved through the structuring of the transaction itself.
In addition, mortgage-backed securities that are issued by private issuers are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-backed securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying private mortgage-backed securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Privately issued pools more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value mortgages and manufactured housing loans. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a private-label mortgage-backed securities pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had in many cases higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements.
The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-backed securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments may include a general economic turndown, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate, or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable rate mortgages.
If a fund purchases subordinated mortgage-backed securities, the subordinated mortgage-backed securities may serve as a credit support for the senior securities purchased by other investors. In addition, the payments of principal and interest on these subordinated securities generally will be made only after payments are made to the holders of securities senior to the fund’s securities. Therefore, if there are defaults on the underlying mortgage loans, the fund will be less likely to receive payments of principal and interest, and will be more likely to suffer a loss. Privately issued mortgage-backed securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, mortgage-backed securities held in a fund’s portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
Credit Enhancements. Credit enhancements for certain mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities issued by nongovernmental entities typically are provided by external entities such as banks or financial institutions or by the structure of a transaction itself. Credit enhancements provided for certain mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities issued by non-governmental entities typically take one of two forms: (a) liquidity protection or (b) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity
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administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the receipt of payments on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from default ensures ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. This protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of these approaches. The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information with respect to the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquencies or losses in excess of those anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in a security. A fund will not pay any additional fees for credit support, although the existence of credit support may increase the price of a security. The subadviser will monitor, on an ongoing basis, the creditworthiness of the providers of credit enhancement for such mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities held by a fund.
Examples of such credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include “senior-subordinated securities” (multiple class securities with one or more classes being senior to other subordinated classes as to the payment of principal and interest, with the result that defaults on the underlying assets are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class), creation of “reserve funds” (in which case cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying assets, are held in reserve against future losses) and “overcollateralization” (in which case the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying assets exceeds that required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). A fund may purchase subordinated securities that, as noted above, may serve as a form of credit support for senior securities purchased by other investors.
Forward Roll Transactions (Diversified Strategic Income and Core Bond Funds). In order to enhance current income, these funds may enter into forward roll transactions with respect to mortgage-related securities issued by GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC. In a forward roll transaction, a fund sells a mortgage security to a financial institution, such as a bank or broker/dealer, and simultaneously agrees to repurchase a similar security from the institution at a later date at an agreed-upon price. The mortgage securities that are repurchased will bear the same interest rate as those sold, but generally will be collateralized by different pools of mortgages with different prepayment histories than those sold. During the period between the sale and repurchase, the fund will not be entitled to receive interest and principal payments on the securities sold. Proceeds of the sale will be invested in short-term instruments, particularly repurchase agreements, and the income from these investments, together with any additional fee income received on the sale, will generate income for the fund exceeding the yield on the securities sold. Forward roll transactions involve the risk that the market value of the securities the fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price of those securities. At the time a fund enters into forward roll transactions, it will place in a segregated account with the fund’s custodian cash, U.S. government securities, equity securities or debt securities of any grade having a value equal to or greater than the fund’s purchase commitments, provided such securities have been determined by the subadviser to be liquid and unencumbered and are marked to market daily pursuant to guidelines established by the Board. The fund will subsequently monitor the account to insure that such equivalent value is maintained.
Taxable Municipal Obligations (Core Bond Fund). Core Bond Fund may invest in a diversified portfolio of taxable long-term investment-grade securities issued by or on behalf of states and municipal governments, U.S. territories and possessions of the United States and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities and political subdivisions (“Taxable Municipal Obligations”). The Taxable Municipal Obligations in which the fund may invest are within the four highest ratings of Moody’s (Aaa, Aa, A, Baa) or S&P (AAA, AA, A, BBB). Although securities rated in these categories are commonly referred to as investment grade, securities rated Baa are considered by Moody’s to have speculative characteristics. In addition, changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make principal and interest payments than is the case with higher-grade securities. Furthermore, the market for Taxable Municipal Obligations is relatively small, which may result in a lack of liquidity and in price volatility of those securities. Interest on Taxable Municipal Obligations is includable in gross income for regular federal income tax purposes. While interest on Taxable Municipal Obligations may be exempt from personal taxes imposed by the state within which the obligation is issued, such interest will nevertheless generally be subject to all other state and local income and franchise taxes.
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Municipal Securities (Principally Municipal High Income Fund). For purposes of this SAI, “municipal securities” shall collectively refer to debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and their political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, or multi-state agencies or authorities. Municipal securities include long-term obligations, often called municipal bonds, as well as short-term notes, participation certificates, municipal leases, custodial receipts and tax-exempt commercial paper.
Municipal Bonds. Municipal bonds generally are understood to include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including construction of a wide range of public facilities, refunding of outstanding obligations, payment of general operating expenses and extensions of loans to public institutions and facilities. The two principal classifications of municipal bonds are “general obligation” bonds and “revenue” or “specific obligation” bonds, which include “industrial revenue bonds” and “private activity bonds.” General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of interest and the repayment of principal, and, accordingly, the capacity of the issuer of a general obligation bond as to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal when due is affected by the issuer’s maintenance of its tax base. Revenue or specific obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special tax or other specific revenue source, such as from the users of the facility being financed; accordingly, the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the revenue or special obligation bond is a function of the economic viability of such facility or such revenue source. Although the ratings of S&P, Fitch or Moody’s of tax-exempt securities are relative and subjective, and are not absolute standards of quality, such ratings reflect the assessment of S&P, Fitch or Moody’s, as the case may be, at the time of issuance of the rating, of the economic viability of the issuer or the special revenue source with respect to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation, but do not reflect an assessment of the market value of the obligation. The rating agencies undertake no obligation to update their ratings of securities. See Appendix B.
The funds may purchase tender option bonds. A tender option bond is a municipal bond (generally held pursuant to a custodial arrangement) having a relatively long maturity and bearing interest at a fixed rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates, that has been coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a financial institution, pursuant to which such institution grants the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the institution generally receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the municipal bond’s fixed coupon rate and the rate, as determined by a remarketing or similar agent, that would cause the securities, coupled with the tender option, to trade at par. Thus, after payment of this fee, the security holder would effectively hold a demand obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term tax-exempt rate.
The funds may purchase inverse floating obligations and residual interest bonds which represent interests in tax-exempt securities and which pay interest rates that vary inversely to changes in the interest rates of specified short-term tax-exempt securities or an index of short-term tax-exempt securities. An investment in inverse floaters or residual interest bonds may involve greater risk than an investment in a fixed-rate municipal bond. Because changes in the interest rate on the other securities or index inversely affect the residual interest paid, the value of an the inverse floater or residual interest bond is generally more volatile than that of a fixed-rate municipal bond.
The funds may invest in private activity bonds. Interest income on certain types of private activity bonds issued after August 7, 1986 to finance non-governmental activities is a specific tax preference item for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”). Individual and corporate shareholders may be subject to a federal AMT to the extent a fund’s dividends are derived from interest on those bonds. Dividends derived from interest income on Municipal bonds are a component of the “adjusted current earnings” adjustment item for purposes of the federal corporate AMT.
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The yield on municipal bonds is dependent on a variety of factors, including general economic and monetary conditions, general money market factors, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the financial condition of the issuer, the size of a particular offering, maturity of the obligation offered and the rating of the issue. Municipal bonds also may be subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. The possibility also exists that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of any one or more issuers to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its or their municipal bonds may be materially and adversely affected.
Municipal Leases. The funds may invest in “municipal leases,” which are obligations issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of equipment or facilities. The interest on such obligations is, in the opinion of counsel to the issuers, excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is ordinarily backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In addition to the “non-appropriation” risk, these securities represent a relatively new type of financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with more conventional bonds. Although “nonappropriation” lease obligations are often secured by the underlying property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult. In evaluating municipal lease obligations, the subadviser will consider such factors as it deems appropriate, which may include: (a) whether the lease can be canceled; (b) the ability of the lease obligee to direct the sale of the underlying assets; (c) the general creditworthiness of the lease obligor; (d) the likelihood that the municipality will discontinue appropriating funding for the leased property in the event such property is no longer considered essential by the municipality; (e) the legal recourse of the lease obligee in the event of such a failure to appropriate funding; (f) whether the security is backed by a credit enhancement such as insurance; and (g) any limitations which are imposed on the lease obligor’s ability to utilize substitute property or services rather than those covered by the lease obligation.
The funds may invest in debt obligations which are repayable out of revenue streams generated from economically-related projects or facilities or debt obligations whose issuers are located in the same state. Sizeable investments in such obligations could involve an increased risk to a fund should any of the related projects or facilities experience financial difficulties.
Variable-Rate Demand Notes (Principally Municipal High Income Fund). Municipal Securities purchased by the funds may include variable-rate demand notes issued by industrial development authorities and other governmental entities. Although variable-rate demand notes are frequently not rated by credit rating agencies, unrated notes purchased by the fund will be determined by the subadviser to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to instruments rated “high quality” (that is, within the two highest ratings) by any NRSRO. In addition, while no active secondary market may exist with respect to a particular variable-rate demand note purchased by a fund, the fund may, upon the notice specified in the note, demand payment of the principal of and accrued interest on the note at any time and may resell the note at any time to a third party. The absence of such an active secondary market, however, could make it difficult for a fund to dispose of the variable-rate demand note in the event that the issuer of the note defaulted on its payment obligations, and the fund could, for this or other reasons, suffer a loss to the extent of the default.
Stand-by Commitments (Principally Municipal High Income Fund). The funds may acquire “stand-by commitments” with respect to municipal securities held in its portfolio. Under a stand-by commitment, a dealer agrees to purchase, at the fund’s option, specified municipal securities at a specified price. A fund may pay for stand-by commitments either separately in cash or by paying a higher price for the securities acquired with the
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commitment, thus increasing the cost of the securities and reducing the yield otherwise available for them. The funds intend to enter into stand-by commitments only with brokers, dealers and banks that, in the view of the subadviser, present minimal credit risks. In evaluating the creditworthiness of the issuer of a stand-by commitment, the subadviser will periodically review relevant financial information concerning the issuer’s assets, liabilities and contingent claims. A fund will acquire stand-by commitments solely to facilitate portfolio liquidity and does not intend to exercise its rights thereunder for trading purposes.
Participation Certificates (Principally Municipal High Income Fund). Participation certificates are obligations issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of equipment and facilities. They may represent participations in a lease, an installment purchase contract or a conditional sales contract.
Custodial Receipts and Certificates (Principally Municipal High Income Fund). The funds may acquire custodial receipts or certificates underwritten by securities dealers or banks that evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain municipal obligations. The underwriter of these certificates or receipts typically purchases municipal obligations and deposits the obligations in an irrevocable trust or custodial account with a custodian bank, which then issues receipts or certificates that evidence ownership of the periodic unmatured coupon payments and the final principal payment on the obligations.
Although under the terms of a custodial receipt, funds would be typically authorized to assert its rights directly against the issuer of the underlying obligation, the fund could be required to assert through the custodian bank those rights as may exist against the underlying issuer. Thus, in the event the underlying issuer fails to pay principal and/or interest when due, a fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the fund had purchased a direct obligation of the issuer. In addition, in the event that the trust or custodial account in which the underlying security has been deposited is determined to be an association taxable as a corporation, instead of a non-taxable entity, the yield on the underlying security would be reduced in recognition of any taxes paid.
Collateralized Debt Obligations. The funds may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities. CDOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust or other special purpose entity (“SPE”) which is typically backed by a diversified pool of fixed income securities (which may include high risk, below investment grade securities). A CLO is a trust or other SPE that is typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and non-U.S. senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Although certain CDOs may receive credit enhancement in the form of a senior-subordinate structure, over-collateralization or bond insurance, such enhancement may not always be present, and may fail to protect a fund against the risk of loss on default of the collateral. Certain CDOs may use derivatives contracts to create “synthetic” exposure to assets rather than holding such assets directly. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses, which are in addition to those of a fund.
Repurchase Agreements. The funds may engage in repurchase agreements with certain member banks of the Federal Reserve System and with certain dealers on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s list of reporting dealers. Under the terms of a typical repurchase agreement, the fund would acquire an underlying debt obligation for a relatively short period (usually not more than one week) subject to an obligation of the seller to repurchase, and the fund to resell, the obligation at an agreed-upon price and time, thereby determining the yield during the fund’s holding period. This arrangement results in a fixed rate of return that is not subject to market fluctuations during the fund’s holding period. The value of the underlying securities will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including interest. Repurchase agreements could involve certain risks in the event of default or insolvency of the other party, including possible delays or restrictions upon the fund’s ability to dispose of the underlying securities, the risk of a possible decline in the value of the underlying securities during the period in which the fund seeks to assert its right to them, the risk of incurring expenses
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associated with asserting those rights and the risk of losing all or part of the income from the agreement. The subadviser, acting under the supervision of the Board, reviews on an ongoing basis the value of the collateral and creditworthiness of those banks and dealers with which the funds enter into repurchase agreements to evaluate potential risks.
Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC, the funds, along with other affiliated entities managed by the manager, may transfer uninvested cash balances into one or more joint repurchase accounts. These balances are invested in one or more repurchase agreements, secured by U.S. government securities. Securities that are collateral for repurchase agreements are financial assets subject to the fund’s entitlement orders through its securities account at its custodian bank until the agreements mature. Each joint repurchase agreement requires that the market value of the collateral be sufficient to cover payments of interest and principal; however, in the event of default by the other party to the agreement, retention or sale of the collateral may be subject to legal proceedings.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements (Diversified Strategic Income and Core Bond Funds). These funds may enter into reverse repurchase agreement transactions with member banks of the Federal Reserve System and certain dealers on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s list of reporting dealers. A reverse repurchase agreement, which is considered a borrowing by the fund, involves a sale by the fund of securities that it holds concurrently with an agreement by the fund to repurchase the same securities at an agreed-upon price and date. The fund typically will invest the proceeds of a reverse repurchase agreement in money market instruments or repurchase agreements maturing not later than the expiration of the reverse repurchase agreement. This use of the proceeds is known as leverage. The funds will enter into a reverse repurchase agreement for leverage purposes only when the interest income to be earned from the investment of the proceeds is greater than the interest expense of the transaction. The funds also may use the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements to provide liquidity to meet redemption requests when the sale of a fund’s securities is considered to be disadvantageous.
Lending of Portfolio Securities (Diversified Strategic Income, High Income and Core Bond Funds). Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements, these funds may lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations meeting capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Board. A fund will not lend portfolio securities to affiliates of the manager unless it has applied for and received specific authority to do so from the SEC. Loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized by cash, letters of credit or U.S. government securities which are maintained at all times in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the loaned securities. From time to time, a fund may pay to the borrower and/or a third party which is unaffiliated with the fund or Legg Mason and is acting as a “finder” a part of the interest earned from the investment of collateral received for securities loaned. Generally, the borrower will be required to make payments to a fund in lieu of any dividends a fund would have otherwise received had it not loaned the shares to the borrower. Any such payments, however, will not be treated as “qualified dividend income” for purposes of determining what portion of the fund’s regular dividends (as defined below) received by individuals may be taxed at the rates generally applicable to long-term capital gains (see “Taxes” below).
By lending its securities, a fund can increase its income by continuing to receive interest on the loaned securities as well as by either investing the cash collateral in short-term instruments or obtaining yield in the form of interest paid by the borrower when U.S. government securities are used as collateral. A fund will comply with the following conditions whenever its portfolio securities are loaned: (a) the fund must receive at least 100% cash collateral or equivalent securities from the borrower; (b) the borrower must increase such collateral whenever the market value of the securities loaned rises above the level of such collateral; (c) the fund must be able to terminate the loan at any time; (d) the fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or other distributions on the loaned securities, and any increase in market value; (e) the fund may pay only reasonable custodian fees in connection with the loan; and (f) voting rights on the loaned securities may pass to the borrower; provided, however, that if a material event adversely affecting the investment in the loaned securities occurs, the fund must terminate the loan and regain the right to vote the securities. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of secured credit, consist of a possible delay in receiving additional
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collateral or in the recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. Loans will be made to firms deemed by the subadviser to be of good standing and will not be made unless, in the judgment of the subadviser, the consideration to be earned from such loans would justify the risk.
Medium-, Low- and Unrated Securities (Diversified Strategic Income, High Income and Municipal High Income Funds). These funds may invest in medium- or low-rated securities and unrated securities of comparable quality. Generally, these securities offer a higher current yield than the yield offered by higher-rated securities, but involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss of income and principal, including the probability of default by or bankruptcy of the issuers of such securities. Medium- and low-rated and comparable unrated securities: (a) will likely have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of the rating organization, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions and (b) are predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. Thus, it is possible that these types of factors could, in certain instances, reduce the value of securities held by a fund with a commensurate effect on the value of the fund’s shares.
While the market values of medium- and low-rated and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities, the market values of certain of these securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher-rated securities. In addition, medium- and low-rated and comparable unrated securities generally present a higher degree of credit risk. Issuers of medium- and low-rated and comparable unrated securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater because medium- and low-rated and comparable unrated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. A fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. In addition, the markets in which medium- and low-rated or comparable unrated securities are traded generally are more limited than those in which higher-rated securities are traded. The existence of limited markets for these securities may restrict the availability of securities for a fund to purchase and also may have the effect of limiting the ability of the fund to: (a) obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing securities and calculating net asset value, and (b) sell securities at their fair value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or the financial markets. A major economic recession could likely disrupt severely the market for medium- and low-securities and adversely affect the value of such securities. Any such economic downturn also could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon.
Fixed-income securities, including medium- and low-rated and comparable unrated securities, frequently have call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders, such as a fund. If an issuer exercises these rights during periods of declining interest rates, the fund may have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return to the fund.
Securities that are rated Ba by Moody’s or BB by S&P have speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Securities that are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable investment and assurance of interest and principal payments over any long period of time may be small. Securities that are rated Caa or CCC are of poor standing. These issues may be in default or present elements of danger may exist with respect to principal or interest.
In light of the risks described above, the subadviser, in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issue, whether rated or unrated, will take various factors into consideration, which may include, as applicable, the issuer’s financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, the operating history of and the community support for the facility financed by the issue, the ability of the issuer’s management and regulatory matters.
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Subordinated Securities (Diversified Strategic Income, High Income and Municipal High Income Funds). The funds may also invest in securities which are subordinated or “junior” to more senior securities of the issuer, or which represent interests in pools of such subordinated or junior securities. Such securities may include so-called “high yield” or “junk” bonds (i.e., bonds that are rated below investment grade by a rating agency or that are of equivalent quality) and preferred stock. Under the terms of subordinated securities, payments that would otherwise be made to their holders may be required to be made to the holders of more senior securities, and/or the subordinated or junior securities may have junior liens, if they have any rights at all, in any collateral (meaning proceeds of the collateral are required to be paid first to the holders of more senior securities). As a result, subordinated or junior securities will be disproportionately adversely affected by a default or even a perceived decline in creditworthiness of the issuer.
Derivative Instruments—Options, Futures and Other Strategies
General. Each fund may invest in certain options, futures contracts (sometimes referred to as “futures”), options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, indexed securities and other derivative instruments (collectively, “Financial Instruments”) to, among other things, attempt to hedge its investments or attempt to enhance its return or yield through non-hedging strategies. Except as otherwise provided in the Prospectus, this SAI or by applicable law, each fund may purchase and sell any type of Financial Instrument.
The use of Financial Instruments is subject to applicable regulations of the SEC, the several exchanges upon which they are traded and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. In addition, a fund’s ability to use Financial Instruments may be limited by tax considerations.
Hedging strategies can be broadly categorized as “short hedges” and “long hedges.” A short hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential declines in the value of one or more investments held in a fund’s portfolio. Thus, in a short hedge the fund takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the opposite direction of the price of the investment being hedged.
Conversely, a long hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential increases in the acquisition cost of one or more investments that a fund intends to acquire. Thus, in a long hedge, the fund takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the same direction as the price of the prospective investment being hedged. A long hedge is sometimes referred to as an anticipatory hedge. In an anticipatory hedge transaction, a fund does not own a corresponding security and, therefore, the transaction does not relate to the portfolio security that the fund owns. Rather, it relates to a security that the fund intends to acquire. If the fund does not complete the hedge by purchasing the security it anticipated purchasing, the effect on the fund’s portfolio is the same as if the transaction were entered into for speculative purposes.
Financial Instruments on securities generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in one or more particular securities positions that a fund owns or intends to acquire. Financial Instruments on indices, in contrast, generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in market sectors in which the fund has invested or expects to invest. Financial Instruments on debt securities generally are used to hedge either individual securities or broad debt market sectors.
In addition to the instruments, strategies and risks described below, the subadviser expects to discover additional opportunities in connection with Financial Instruments and other similar or related techniques. These new opportunities may become available as the subadviser develops new techniques, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new Financial Instruments or other techniques are developed. The subadviser may utilize these opportunities to the extent that they are consistent with a fund’s investment objective and permitted by its investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities. A fund might not use any of these strategies, and there can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed.
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Risks. The use of Financial Instruments involves special considerations and risks, certain of which are described below, and may result in losses to a fund. In general, these techniques may increase the volatility of a fund and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed. Even a small investment in derivatives may magnify or otherwise increase investment losses to a fund. A fund’s use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders.
Successful use of most Financial Instruments depends upon the subadviser’s ability to predict movements of the overall securities, currency and interest rate markets, which requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. The prices of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in abnormal market conditions. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy will succeed, and use of Financial Instruments could result in a loss, regardless of whether the intent was to reduce risk or increase return. A fund might be required to maintain assets as “cover,” maintain segregated accounts or make margin payments when it takes positions in Financial Instruments involving obligations to third parties (i.e., Financial Instruments other than purchased options). If a fund were unable to close out its positions in such Financial Instruments, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. These requirements might impair the fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require that the fund sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time.
A fund’s ability to close out a position in a Financial Instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (the “counterparty”) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to the fund.
Certain Risks Associated with Hedging Strategies. There might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of a Financial Instrument and price movements of the investments being hedged. For example, if the value of a Financial Instrument used in a short hedge increased by less than the decline in value of the hedged investment, the hedge would not be fully successful. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the investments being hedged, such as speculative or other pressures on the markets in which Financial Instruments are traded. The effectiveness of hedges using Financial Instruments on indices will depend on the degree of correlation between price movements in the index and price movements in the securities or other assets being hedged.
Because there are a limited number of types of exchange-traded Financial Instruments, it is likely that the standardized contracts available will not match a fund’s current or anticipated investments exactly. Each fund may invest in Financial Instruments based on securities with different issuers, maturities or other characteristics from the securities in which it typically invests, which involves a risk that the position in Financial Instruments will not track the performance of the fund’s other investments.
Prices of Financial Instruments can also diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments match a fund’s portfolio investments well. Prices of Financial Instruments are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect correlation may also result from differing levels of demand in the markets for Financial Instruments and the securities markets, from structural differences in how Financial Instruments and securities are traded, or from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts. A fund may purchase or sell Financial Instruments with a greater or lesser value than the securities it wishes to hedge or intends to purchase in order to attempt to compensate for differences in volatility between the contract and the securities, although this may not be successful in all cases. If price changes in the fund’s positions in Financial Instruments are poorly correlated with its other investments, the positions may fail to produce anticipated gains or result in losses that are not offset by gains in other investments.
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If successful, the above-discussed strategies can reduce risk of loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price movements. However, such strategies can also reduce opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements. For example, if a fund entered into a short hedge because its subadviser projected a decline in the price of a security in the fund’s portfolio, and the price of that security increased instead, the gain from that increase might be wholly or partially offset by a decline in the price of the Financial Instrument. Moreover, if the price of the Financial Instrument declined by more than the increase in the price of the security, the fund could suffer a loss. In either such case, the fund would have been in a better position had it not attempted to hedge at all.
Cover. Transactions using Financial Instruments, other than purchased options, expose a fund to an obligation to another party. Each fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so require, segregate on its books cash or liquid assets in the prescribed amount as determined daily. Each fund may cover such transactions using other methods currently or as may be permitted in the future under the 1940 Act or orders issued by the SEC thereunder. For these purposes, interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff may be taken into account when deemed appropriate by a fund.
Assets used as cover cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding Financial Instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a fund’s assets to cover in accounts could impede portfolio management or the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Options. A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. Purchasers of options pay an amount, known as a premium, to the option writer in exchange for the right under the option contract.
Each fund may purchase call options for any purpose. For example, a call option may be purchased by a fund as a long hedge. Call options also may be used as a means of participating in an anticipated price increase of a security on a more limited risk basis than would be possible if the security itself were purchased. In the event of a decline in the price of the underlying security, use of this strategy would serve to limit a fund’s potential loss to the option premium paid; conversely, if the market price of the underlying security increases above the exercise price and the fund either sells or exercises the option, any profit realized would be reduced by the premium.
Each fund may purchase put options for any purpose. For example, a put option may be purchased by the fund as a short hedge. The put option enables a fund to sell the underlying security at the predetermined exercise price; thus the potential for loss to the fund below the exercise price is limited to the option premium paid. If the market price of the underlying security is higher than the exercise price of the put option, any profit the fund realizes on the sale of the security would be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount for which the put option may be sold.
Writing put or call options can enable a fund to enhance income or yield by reason of the premiums paid by the purchasers of such options. However, a fund may also suffer a loss as a result of writing options. For example, if the market price of the security underlying a put option declines to less than the exercise price of the option, minus the premium received, the fund would suffer a loss.
Writing call options can serve as a limited short hedge, because declines in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency appreciates to a price higher than the exercise price of the call option, it can be expected that the option will be exercised and the fund will be obligated to sell the security or currency at less than its market value. If the call option is an over the counter (“OTC”) option, the securities or other assets used as cover may be considered illiquid.
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Writing put options can serve as a limited long hedge because increases in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency depreciates to a price lower than the exercise price of the put option, it can be expected that the put option will be exercised and a fund will be obligated to purchase the security or currency at more than its market value. If the put option is an OTC option, the securities or other assets used as cover may be considered illiquid.
The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investment, the historical price volatility of the underlying investment and general market conditions.
A fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into a closing transaction. For example, a fund may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option; this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, a fund may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit a fund to realize profits or limit losses on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration.
A type of put that each fund may purchase is an “optional delivery standby commitment,” which is entered into by parties selling debt securities to the fund. An optional delivery standby commitment gives a fund the right to sell the security back to the seller on specified terms. This right is provided as an inducement to purchase the security.
Risks of Options on Securities. Options may result in a fund’s net asset value being more sensitive to changes in the value of the related instrument. A fund may purchase or write both exchange-traded and OTC options. Exchange-traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between a fund and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when a fund purchases an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty from whom it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by the fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.
A fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the existence of a liquid market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be no assurance that a fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option position at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, a fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration, if at all.
If a fund were unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, due to the absence of a secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option written by a fund could cause material losses because the fund would be unable to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option expires or is exercised.
Options have varying expiration dates. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to or above the current market value of the underlying security or other instrument. Options purchased by a fund that expire unexercised have no value, and the fund will realize a loss in the amount of the premium paid and any transaction costs. If an option written by a fund expires unexercised, the fund realizes a gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. Transaction costs must be included in these calculations.
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Options on Indices. Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on securities or futures contracts except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities or futures contracts. When a fund writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the call times a specified multiple (“multiplier”), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference. When a fund buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights as to such call as are indicated above. When a fund buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the fund’s exercise of the put, to deliver to the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When a fund writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the fund to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.
Risks of Options on Indices. The risks of investment in options on indices may be greater than options on securities. Because index options are settled in cash, when a fund writes a call on an index it cannot provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities. A fund can offset some of the risk of writing a call index option by holding a diversified portfolio of securities similar to those on which the underlying index is based. However, a fund cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities as underlie the index and, as a result, bears a risk that the value of the securities held will vary from the value of the index.
Even if a fund could assemble a portfolio that exactly reproduced the composition of the underlying index, it still would not be fully covered from a risk standpoint because of the “timing risk” inherent in writing index options. When an index option is exercised, the amount of cash that the holder is entitled to receive is determined by the difference between the exercise price and the closing index level on the date when the option is exercised. As with other kinds of options, a fund, as a call writer, will not learn that the fund has been assigned until the next business day at the earliest. The time lag between exercise and notice of assignment poses no risk for the writer of a covered call on a specific underlying security, such as common stock, because there the writer’s obligation is to deliver the underlying security, not to pay its value as of a fixed time in the past. So long as the writer already owns the underlying security, it can satisfy its settlement obligations by simply delivering it, and the risk that its value may have declined since the exercise date is borne by the exercising holder. In contrast, even if the writer of an index call holds securities that exactly match the composition of the underlying index, it will not be able to satisfy its assignment obligations by delivering those securities against payment of the exercise price. Instead, it will be required to pay cash in an amount based on the closing index value on the exercise date. By the time it learns that it has been assigned, the index may have declined, with a corresponding decline in the value of its portfolio. This “timing risk” is an inherent limitation on the ability of index call writers to cover their risk exposure by holding securities positions.
If a fund has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of the underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall out-of-the-money, the fund will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.
OTC Options. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows a fund great flexibility to tailor the option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded. In addition, OTC options are considered illiquid by the SEC.
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Generally, OTC non-U.S. currency options used by a fund are European-style options. This means that the option is only exercisable immediately prior to its expiration. This is in contrast to American-style options, which are exercisable at any time prior to the expiration date of the option.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. A financial futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of Financial Instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month for a stated price. A financial futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of Financial Instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month at a stated price. A fund may invest in single security futures contracts to the extent permitted by applicable law. Options on futures give the purchaser the right to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option. The purchase of futures or call options on futures can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures or the purchase of put options on futures can serve as a short hedge. Writing call options on futures contracts can serve as a limited short hedge, using a strategy similar to that used for writing call options on securities or indices. Similarly, writing put options on futures contracts can serve as a limited long hedge. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts can also be purchased and sold to attempt to enhance income or yield. To the extent permitted by applicable law and a fund’s investment policies, a fund may also write call and put options on futures contracts that are not covered.
In addition, futures strategies can be used to manage the average duration of a fund’s fixed-income portfolio. If the subadviser wishes to shorten the average duration of a fund’s fixed-income portfolio, the fund may sell a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or purchase a put option on that futures contract. If the subadviser wishes to lengthen the average duration of a fund’s fixed-income portfolio, the fund may buy a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or sell a put option thereon.
Futures contracts may also be used for non-hedging purposes, such as to simulate full investment in underlying securities while retaining a cash balance for portfolio management purposes, as a substitute for direct investment in a security, to facilitate trading, to reduce transaction costs, or to seek higher investment returns when a futures contract or option is priced more attractively than the underlying security or index.
No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract a fund is required to deposit “initial margin.” Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to a fund at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, a fund may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.
Subsequent “variation margin” payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as “marking-to-market.” Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of a fund’s obligations to or from a futures broker. When a fund purchases an option on a futures contract, the premium paid plus transaction costs is all that is at risk. However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of an option on a futures contract would result in a loss to a fund when the use of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the value of the securities or currencies being hedged. In contrast, when a fund purchases or sells a futures contract or writes a call or put option thereon, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If a fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.
Although some futures and options on futures call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities or currencies, generally those contracts are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures or options (involving the same currency or underlying security and delivery month). If an
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offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a fund realizes a gain, or if it is more, the fund realizes a loss. If an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a fund realizes a gain, or if it is less, the fund realizes a loss. A fund will also bear transaction costs for each contract, which will be included in these calculations. Positions in futures and options on futures may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract or options position.
Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If a fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it could incur substantial losses. The fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.
Each fund is operated by a person who has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”), and, therefore, such person is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA.
Risks of Futures Contracts and Options Thereon. The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets (including the options on futures market), due to differences in the natures of those markets, are subject to the following factors, which may create distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of general interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market trends by the subadviser may still not result in a successful transaction. Of course, the subadviser may be incorrect in its expectations as to the extent of various interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market movements or the time span within which the movements take place.
Index Futures. The risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the price of index futures and movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge increases as the composition of a fund’s portfolio diverges from the securities included in the applicable index. The price of the index futures may move more than or less than the price of the securities being hedged. If the price of the index futures moves less than the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective, but if the price of the securities being hedged has moved in an unfavorable direction, a fund would be in a better position than if it had not hedged at all. If the price of the securities being hedged has moved in a favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the futures contract. If the price of the futures contract moves more than the price of the securities, a fund will experience either a loss or a gain on the futures contract that will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of the securities being hedged and movements in the price of the index futures, a fund may buy or sell index futures in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of the
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securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the prices of such securities being hedged is more than the historical volatility of the prices of the securities included in the index. It is also possible that, where a fund has sold index futures contracts to hedge against decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of the securities held in the fund may decline. If this occurred, the fund would lose money on the futures contract and also experience a decline in value of its portfolio securities. However, while this could occur for a very brief period or to a very small degree, over time the value of a diversified portfolio of securities will tend to move in the same direction as the market indices on which the futures contracts are based.
Where index futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities before a fund is able to invest in them in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline instead. If the fund then concludes not to invest in them at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities it had anticipated purchasing.
To the extent such instruments are permitted by applicable law and a fund’s investment policies, a fund may invest in security futures. Such investments are expected to be subject to risks similar to those of index future investing.
Non-U.S. Currency Hedging Strategies—Special Considerations (Diversified Strategic Income Fund and High Income Fund). Each fund may invest in securities that are denominated in non-U.S. currencies and may engage in a variety of non-U.S. currency exchange transactions to protect against uncertainty in the level of future exchange rates or to earn additional income. A fund may use options and futures contracts, swaps and indexed notes relating to non-U.S. currencies as described above and forward currency contracts, as described below, to attempt to hedge against movements in the values of the non-U.S. currencies in which the fund’s securities are denominated or to attempt to enhance income or yield. Currency hedges can protect against price movements in a security that a fund owns or intends to acquire that are attributable to changes in the value of the currency in which it is denominated. Such hedges do not, however, protect against price movements in the securities that are attributable to other causes.
A fund might seek to hedge against changes in the value of a particular currency when no Financial Instruments on that currency are available or such Financial Instruments are more expensive than certain other Financial Instruments. In such cases, the fund may seek to hedge against price movements in that currency by entering into transactions using Financial Instruments on another currency or a basket of currencies, the value of which the fund’s subadviser believes will have a high degree of correlation to the value of the currency being hedged. The risk that movements in the price of the Financial Instrument will not correlate perfectly with movements in the price of the currency subject to the hedging transaction is magnified when this strategy is used.
The value of Financial Instruments on non-U.S. currencies depends on the value of the underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Because non-U.S. currency transactions occurring in the interbank market might involve substantially larger amounts than those involved in the use of such Financial Instruments, a fund could be disadvantaged by having to deal in the odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying non-U.S. currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for non-U.S. currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information generally is representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus might not reflect odd-lot transactions where rates might be less favorable. The interbank market in non-U.S. currencies is a global, round-the-clock market. To the extent the U.S. options or futures markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements might take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the markets for the Financial Instruments until they reopen.
Settlement of hedging transactions involving non-U.S. currencies might be required to take place within the country issuing the underlying currency. Thus, a fund might be required to accept or make delivery of the
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underlying non-U.S. currency in accordance with any U.S. or non-U.S. regulations regarding the maintenance of non-U.S. banking arrangements by U.S. residents and might be required to pay any fees, taxes and charges associated with such delivery assessed in the issuing country.
Options on non-U.S. currencies also have the risks of options on securities. See “Risks of Options on Securities” above.
Forward Currency Contracts (Diversified Strategic Income Fund and High Income Fund). Each fund may enter into forward currency contracts to purchase or sell non-U.S. currencies for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars or another non-U.S. currency. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (term) from the date of the forward currency contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the forward currency contract. These forward currency contracts are traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. Forward currency contracts may be used to attempt to hedge currency exposure or to enhance return or yield.
Such transactions may serve as long hedges; for example, a fund may purchase a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar price of a security denominated in a non-U.S. currency that a fund intends to acquire. Forward currency contract transactions may also serve as short hedges; for example, a fund may sell a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the proceeds from the anticipated sale of a security, dividend or interest payment denominated in a non-U.S. currency.
Each fund may also use forward currency contracts to hedge against a decline in the value of existing investments denominated in non-U.S. currency. For example, if a fund owned securities denominated in euros, it could enter into a forward currency contract to sell euros in return for U.S. dollars to hedge against possible declines in the euro’s value. Such a hedge, sometimes referred to as a “position hedge,” would tend to offset both positive and negative currency fluctuations, but would not offset changes in security values caused by other factors. A fund could also hedge the position by selling another currency expected to perform similarly to the Euro. This type of hedge, sometimes referred to as a “proxy hedge,” could offer advantages in terms of cost, yield or efficiency, but generally would not hedge currency exposure as effectively as a simple hedge into U.S. dollars. Proxy hedges may result in losses if the currency used to hedge does not perform similarly to the currency in which the hedged securities are denominated.
The cost to a fund of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts are usually entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. When a fund enters into a forward currency contract, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.
As is the case with futures contracts, parties to forward currency contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, similar to closing transactions on futures contracts, by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty. Thus, there can be no assurance that a fund will in fact be able to close out a forward currency contract at a favorable price prior to maturity. In addition, in the event of insolvency of the counterparty, a fund might be unable to close out a forward currency contract at any time prior to maturity, if at all. In either event, a fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position, and would continue to be required to maintain the required cover.
The precise matching of forward currency contract amounts and the value of the securities involved generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the non-U.S. currency, will
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change after the forward currency contract has been established. Thus, a fund might need to purchase or sell non-U.S. currencies in the spot (cash) market to the extent such non-U.S. currencies are not covered by forward currency contracts. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain. In addition, although forward currency contracts limit the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies, at the same time they limit any potential gain that might result should the value of the currencies increase.
Successful use of forward currency contracts depends on the subadviser’s skill in analyzing and predicting currency values. Forward currency contracts may substantially change a fund’s exposure to changes in currency exchange rates and could result in losses to the fund if currencies do not perform as the fund’s subadviser anticipates. There is no assurance that the subadviser’s use of forward currency contracts will be advantageous to the fund or that the subadviser will hedge at an appropriate time.
Combined Positions. A fund may purchase and write options in combination with each other, or in combination with other Financial Instruments, to adjust the risk and return characteristics of its overall position. For example, a fund may purchase a put option and write a call option on the same underlying instrument, in order to construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract. Another possible combined position would involve writing a call option at one strike price and buying a call option at a lower price, in order to reduce the risk of the written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.
Turnover. A fund’s options and futures activities may affect its turnover rate and brokerage commission payments. The exercise of calls or puts written by a fund, and the sale or purchase of futures contracts, may cause it to sell or purchase related investments, thus increasing its turnover rate. Once a fund has received an exercise notice on an option it has written, it cannot effect a closing transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver or receive the underlying securities at the exercise price. The exercise of puts purchased by a fund may also cause the sale of related investments, also increasing turnover; although such exercise is within the fund’s control, holding a protective put might cause it to sell the related investments for reasons that would not exist in the absence of the put. Each fund will pay a brokerage commission each time it buys or sells a put or call or purchases or sells a futures contract. Such commissions may be higher than those that would apply to direct purchases or sales.
Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars. Each fund may enter into swaps, caps, floors and collars to preserve a return or a spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the fund anticipates purchasing at a later date or to attempt to enhance yield. A swap involves the exchange by a fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive cash flows, e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed-rate payments. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the cap. The purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the floor. A collar combines elements of a cap and a floor.
Swap agreements, including caps, floors and collars, can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a fund’s investments and its share price and yield because, and to the extent, these agreements affect a fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates, non-U.S. currency values, mortgage-backed security values, corporate borrowing rates or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates.
Swap agreements will tend to shift a fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options.
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If a counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, a fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may be limited by applicable law in the case of a counterparty’s insolvency.
Each fund may enter into credit default swap contracts for investment purposes. As the seller in a credit default swap contract, a fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or a non- U.S. corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, a fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap which may be significantly larger than the fund’s cost to enter into the credit default swap.
Each fund may also purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities held in its portfolio, in which case the fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (or, as applicable, a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve credit risk – that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to a fund in the event of a default.
The net amount of the excess, if any, of a fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap will be accrued on a daily basis, depending on whether a threshold amount (if any) is exceeded, and an amount of cash or liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value approximately equal to the accrued excess will be maintained as collateral. Each fund will also maintain collateral with respect to its total obligations under any swaps that are not entered into on a net basis, and will maintain collateral as required by SEC guidelines from time to time with respect to caps and floors written by the fund.
Flexibility. Generally, the foregoing is not intended to limit a fund’s investment flexibility, unless such a limitation is expressly stated, and therefore will be construed by each fund as broadly as possible. Statements concerning what a fund may do are not intended to limit other any activity. Each fund maintains the flexibility to use Financial Instruments for any purpose consistent with applicable law and any express limitations in the SAI or the Prospectus.
Investment Company Securities (Core Bond Fund). Subject to applicable statutory and regulatory limitations, the fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, including shares of other mutual funds, closed-end funds, and unregistered investment companies. Investments in other investment companies are subject to the risk of the securities in which those investment companies invest. In addition, to the extent the fund invests in securities of other investment companies, fund shareholders would indirectly pay a portion of the operating costs of such companies in addition to the expenses of the fund’s own operation. These costs include management, brokerage, shareholder servicing and other operational expenses.
The fund may invest in shares of mutual funds or unit investment trusts that are traded on a stock exchange, called exchange-traded funds or ETFs. Typically an ETF seeks to track the performance of an index, such as the S&P 500, the NASDAQ 100, the Lehman Treasury Bond Index, or more narrow sector or foreign indices, by holding in its portfolio either the same securities that comprise the index, or a representative sample of the index. Investing in an ETF will give the fund exposure to the securities comprising the index on which the ETF is based.
Unlike shares of typical mutual funds or unit investment trusts, shares of ETFs are designed to be traded throughout a trading day, bought and sold based on market values and not at net asset value. For this reason, shares could trade at either a premium or discount to net asset value. However, the portfolios held by index-based ETFs are publicly disclosed on each trading day, and an approximation of actual net asset value is disseminated throughout
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the trading day. Because of this transparency, the trading prices of index based ETFs tend to closely track the actual net asset value of the underlying portfolios and the fund will generally gain or lose value depending on the performance of the index. However, gains or losses on the fund’s investment in ETFs will ultimately depend on the purchase and sale price of the ETF. In the future, as new products become available, the fund may invest in ETFs that are actively managed. Actively managed ETFs will likely not have the transparency of index-based ETFs, and therefore, may be more likely to trade at a discount or premium to actual net asset values.
The fund may invest in closed-end investment companies which hold securities of U.S. and/or non-U.S. issuers. Because shares of closed-end funds trade on an exchange, investments in closed-end investment funds may entail the additional risk that the market value of such investments may be substantially less than their net asset value.
Foreign Investments (Core Bond, Diversified Strategic Income and High Income Funds). Investors should recognize that investing in foreign companies involves certain considerations which are not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. Since these funds (other than Core Bond Fund) may invest in securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and may temporarily hold funds in bank deposits or other money market investments denominated in foreign currencies, a fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by exchange control regulations or changes in the exchange rate between such currencies and the dollar. A change in the value of a foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the dollar value of the fund’s total assets denominated in that foreign currency. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may also affect the value of dividends and interest earned, gains and losses realized on the sale of securities and net investment income and gain, if any, to be distributed to shareholders by the fund.
The rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and other currencies is determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets. Changes in the exchange rate may result over time from the interaction of many factors directly or indirectly affecting economic conditions and political developments in other countries. Of particular importance are rates of inflation, interest rate levels, the balance of payments and the extent of government surpluses or deficits in the Unites States and the particular foreign country. All these factors are in turn sensitive to the monetary, fiscal and trade policies pursued by the governments of the United States and other foreign countries important to international trade and finance. Government intervention may also play a significant role. National governments rarely voluntarily allow their currencies to float freely in response to economic forces. Sovereign governments use a variety of techniques, such as intervention by a country’s central bank or imposition of regulatory controls or taxes, to affect the exchange rates of their currencies.
Certain securities held by the funds will not be registered with, nor the issuers thereof be subject to reporting requirements of, the SEC. Accordingly, there may be less publicly available information about the securities and about the foreign company or government issuing them than is available about a domestic company or government entity. Foreign issuers are generally not subject to uniform financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. In addition, with respect to some foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets of the fund, political or social instability, or domestic developments which could affect U.S. investments in those countries. Moreover, individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions. The funds may invest in securities of foreign governments (or agencies or instrumentalities thereof), and many, if not all, of the foregoing considerations apply to such investments as well.
Securities of some foreign companies are less liquid, and their prices are more volatile, than securities of comparable domestic companies. Certain foreign countries are known to experience long delays between the trade and settlement dates of securities purchased or sold. Due to the increased exposure of a fund to market and foreign exchange fluctuations brought about by such delays, and to the corresponding negative impact on fund liquidity, the funds will avoid investing in countries which are known to experience settlement delays which may expose the fund to unreasonable risk of loss.
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The interest payable on a fund’s foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, which will reduce the fund’s return on its investments. Additionally, the operating expenses of the funds can be expected to be higher than those of an investment company investing exclusively in U.S. securities, since the costs of investing in foreign securities, such as custodial costs, valuation costs and communication costs, are higher than the costs of investing exclusively in U.S. securities.
The funds may also purchase American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), American Depository Debentures, American Depository Notes, American Depository Bonds, European Depository Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depository Receipts (“GDRs”), or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign companies. ADRs are publicly traded on exchanges or over-the-counter in the United States and are issued through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” arrangements. In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depository’s transaction fees, whereas under an unsponsored arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes no obligation and the depository’s transaction fees are paid by the ADR holders. In addition, less information is available in the United States about an unsponsored ADR than about a sponsored ADR, and the financial information about a company may not be as reliable for an unsponsored ADR as it is for a sponsored ADR. The fund may invest in ADRs through both sponsored and unsponsored arrangements.
Eurodollar or Yankee Obligations (Diversified Strategic Income, High Income and Core Bond Funds). These funds may invest in Eurodollar and Yankee obligations. Eurodollar bank obligations are dollar denominated debt obligations issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Yankee obligations are dollar denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign issuers. Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a foreign government might prevent dollar denominated funds from flowing across its borders. Other risks include: adverse political and economic developments in a foreign country; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes; and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.
Securities of Emerging Market Countries (Diversified Strategic Income and High Income Funds). These funds may invest in securities of emerging market countries. For purposes of this SAI, emerging markets include any country, which at the time of investment, is represented in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index or is categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle- or low-income. The JP Morgan EMBI Global Index country and regional composition currently includes 27 countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, Russia, Venezuela, Philippines, Poland, Malaysia, Panama, Bulgaria, Nigeria, China, Ecuador, Peru, Columbia, Morocco, Greece, Turkey, Hungary, Croatia, Lebanon, South Africa, Algeria, Thailand, Chile and Cote d’Ivoire. The World Bank’s list of countries categorized as low- or middle-income includes a total of 152 counties in its index, including the 27 countries included in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index. Investing in the equity and fixed-income markets of developing countries involves exposure to economic structures that are generally less diverse and mature, and to political systems that can be expected to have less stability, than those of developed countries. Historical experience indicates that the market of developing countries have been more volatile than the markets of the more mature economies of developed countries.
Foreign Government Securities of Emerging Markets (Diversified Strategic Income and High Income Funds). Among the foreign government securities in which the funds may invest are those issued by countries with developing economies, i.e., countries in the initial stages of their industrialization cycles. Investing in securities of countries with developing economies involves exposure to economic structures that are generally less diverse and less mature, and to political systems that can be expected to have less stability, than those of developed countries. The markets of countries with developing economies historically have been more volatile than markets of the more mature economies of developed countries, but often have provided higher rates of return to investors.
Convertible Securities and Synthetic Convertible Securities (Diversified Strategic Income, High Income and Core Bond Funds). Convertible securities are fixed-income securities that may be converted at either a stated price or stated rate into underlying shares of common stock. Convertible securities have general characteristics
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similar to both fixed-income and equity securities. Although to a lesser extent than with fixed-income securities generally, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stocks and, therefore, also will react to variations in the general market for equity securities. A unique feature of convertible securities is that as the market price of the underlying common stock declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying common stock. When the market price of the underlying common stock increases, the prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying common stock. While no securities investments are without risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than investments in common stock of the same issuer.
As fixed-income securities, convertible securities are investments which provide for a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks. Of course, like all fixed-income securities, there can be no assurance of current income because the issuers of the convertible securities may default on their obligations. Convertible securities, however, generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality because of the potential for capital appreciation. A convertible security, in addition to providing fixed-income, offers the potential for capital appreciation through the conversion feature, which enables the holder to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. However, there can be no assurance of capital appreciation because securities prices fluctuate.
Convertible securities generally are subordinated to other similar but non-convertible securities of the same issuer, although convertible bonds, as corporate debt obligations, enjoy seniority in right of payment to all equity securities, and convertible preferred stock is senior to common stock of the same issuer. Because of the subordination feature, however, convertible securities typically have lower ratings than similar non-convertible securities.
Unlike a convertible security which is a single security, a synthetic convertible security is comprised of two distinct securities that together resemble convertible securities in certain respects. Synthetic convertible securities are created by combining non-convertible bonds or preferred shares with common stocks, warrants or stock call options. The options that will form elements of synthetic convertible securities will be listed on a securities exchange or on Nasdaq. The two components of a synthetic convertible security, which will be issued with respect to the same entity, generally are not offered as a unit, and may be purchased and sold by a fund at different times. Synthetic convertible securities differ from convertible securities in certain respects, including that each component of a synthetic convertible security has a separate market value and responds differently to market fluctuations. Investing in synthetic convertible securities involves the risk normally involved in holding the securities comprising the synthetic convertible security.
Rule 144A Securities. The funds may purchase Rule 144A Securities, which are unregistered securities restricted to purchase by “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). Because Rule 144A Securities are freely transferable among qualified institutional buyers, a liquid market may exist among such buyers. The Board has adopted guidelines and delegated to the subadviser the daily function of determining and monitoring liquidity of Rule 144A Securities. However, the Board maintains sufficient oversight and is ultimately responsible for the liquidity determinations. Investments in restricted securities such as Rule 144A Securities could have the effect of increasing the level of illiquidity in a fund to the extent that there is temporarily no market for these securities among qualified institutional buyers.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (Diversified Strategic Income Fund). The fund may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in either real estate or real estate related loans. The value of the REIT is affected by changes in the value of the properties owned by the REIT or security mortgage loans held by the REIT. A REIT is dependent upon cash flow from its investments to repay financing costs and the management skill of the REIT’s manager. REITs are also subject to risks generally associated with investments in real estate.
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Restricted and Illiquid Securities (all funds). Restricted securities are securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale, such as private placements. Such restrictions might prevent the sale of restricted securities at a time when the sale would otherwise be desirable. To the extent required by applicable law and SEC guidance, no securities for which there is not a readily available market (“illiquid securities”) will be acquired by a fund if such acquisition would cause the aggregate value of illiquid securities to exceed 15% of the fund’s net assets. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, and a fund may have difficulty disposing of such securities promptly.
Corporate Loans (Core Bond Fund (solely with respect to loan participations) and High Income and Diversified Strategic Income Funds). Each of these funds may invest in corporate loans. Corporate loans are negotiated and underwritten by a bank or syndicate of banks and other institutional investors. A fund may acquire an interest in corporate loans through the primary market by acting as one of a group of lenders of a corporate loan. The primary risk in an investment in corporate loans is that the borrower may be unable to meet its interest and/or principal payment obligations. The occurrence of such default with regard to a corporate loan in which the fund had invested would have an adverse affect on the fund’s net asset value. Corporate loans in which the funds may invest may be collateralized or uncollateralized and senior or subordinate. Investments in uncollateralized and/or subordinate loans entail a greater risk of nonpayment than do investments in corporate loans which hold a more senior position in the borrower’s capital structure or that are secured with collateral.
The funds may also acquire an interest in corporate loans by purchasing both participations (“Participations”) in and assignments (“Assignments”) of portions of corporate loans from third parties. By purchasing a Participation, a fund acquires some or all of the interest of a bank or other lending institution in a loan to a corporate borrower. The Participations typically will result in the fund’s having a contractual relationship only with the lender and not the borrower. The fund will have the right to receive payments or principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the Participation and only upon receipt by the lender of the payments from the borrower. In connection with purchasing Participations, a fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the Participation. As a result, the fund will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the Participation. The funds will acquire Participations only if the lender interpositioned between the funds and the borrower is determined by management to be creditworthy.
When a fund purchases Assignments from lenders, the funds will acquire direct rights against the borrower on the loan. However, since Assignments are arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and assignors, the rights and obligations acquired by the fund as the purchaser of an Assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigned lender.
In addition, the funds may have difficulty disposing of their investments in corporate loans. The liquidity of such securities is limited and the funds anticipate that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. The lack of a liquid secondary market could have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and on a fund’s ability to dispose of particular Assignments or Participations when necessary to meet the fund’s liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The lack of a liquid secondary market for corporate loans also may make it more difficult for a fund to assign a value to those securities for purposes of valuing the fund’s investments and calculating its net asset value. Each fund’s policy limiting its illiquid securities will be applicable to investments in corporate loans.
Preferred Stocks and Equity Securities. The funds may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock pays dividends at a specified rate and has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of an issuer’s assets but is junior to the debt securities of the issuer in those same respects. The market prices of preferred stocks are subject to changes in interest rates and are more sensitive to changes in an issuer’s creditworthiness than are the prices of debt securities. Shareholders of preferred stock may suffer a loss of value
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if dividends are not paid. Under ordinary circumstances, preferred stock does not carry voting rights. In addition, the funds may receive stocks or warrants as result of an exchange or tender of fixed-income securities.
Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Investments. Each fund may invest or hold cash or other short-term investments, including commercial paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies. The funds may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to the private placement exemption in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. Section 4(2) paper is restricted as to disposition under federal securities laws in that any resale must similarly be made in an exempt transaction. The funds may or may not regard such securities as illiquid, depending on the circumstances of each case. A fund may also invest in obligations (including certificates of deposit, demand and time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of banks and savings and loan institutions.
Temporary Investments. Each fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in any type of money market instruments and short-term debt securities or cash without regard to any percentage limitations. If a fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may be unable to achieve its investment objective.
Other Investments. In addition to the foregoing, a fund may investment in instruments that exist or that may develop in the future if the manager or subadviser, as applicable believes such instruments to be commensurate with appropriate risk assumption and pursuit of the fund’s objective.
RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors are intended to supplement the risks described above and in the funds’ prospectuses.
General. Investors should realize that risk of loss is inherent in the ownership of any securities and that each fund’s net asset value will fluctuate, reflecting fluctuations in the market value of its portfolio positions.
Warrants. Because a warrant does not carry with it the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that the warrant holder is entitled to purchase, and because a warrant does not represent any rights to the assets of the issuer, a warrant may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying security and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. Investments in warrants, valued at the lower of cost or market, may not exceed 10% of the value of a fund’s total assets. Included within that amount, but not to exceed 5% of the value of the fund’s total assets, may be warrants that are not listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) or the American Stock Exchange. Warrants acquired by a fund in units or attached to securities may be deemed to be without value.
Securities of Unseasoned Issuers. Securities of unseasoned issuers in which the funds may invest may have limited marketability and, therefore, may be subject to wide fluctuations in market value. In addition, certain securities may be issued by companies that lack a significant operating history and are dependent on products or services without an established market share.
Fixed-Income Securities. Investments in fixed-income securities may subject the funds to risks, including the following:
Interest Rate Risk: When interest rates decline, the market value of fixed-income securities tends to increase. Conversely, when interest rates increase, the market value of fixed-income securities tends to decline. The volatility of a security’s market value will differ depending upon the security’s duration, the issuer and the type of instrument.
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Default Risk/Credit Risk: Investments in fixed-income securities are subject to the risk that the issuer of the security could default on its obligations, causing a fund to sustain losses on such investments. A default could impact both interest and principal payments.
Call Risk and Extension Risk: Fixed-income securities may be subject to both call risk and extension risk. Call risk exists when the issuer may exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation earlier than scheduled, which would cause cash flows to be returned earlier than expected. This typically results when interest rates have declined and a fund will suffer from having to reinvest in lower yielding securities. Extension risk exists when the issuer may exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation later than scheduled, which would cause cash flows to be returned later than expected. This typically results when interest rates have increased, and a fund will suffer from the inability to invest in higher yielding securities.
Lower Rated Fixed-Income Securities. Securities which are rated BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody’s are generally regarded as having adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal, but may have some speculative characteristics. Securities rated below Baa by Moody’s or BBB by S&P have predominantly speculative characteristics, including the possibility of default or bankruptcy of the issuers of such securities, market price volatility based upon interest rate sensitivity, questionable creditworthiness and relative liquidity of the secondary trading market. Because high yield bonds (“junk bonds”) have been found to be more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments and less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, an economic downturn could disrupt the market for high yield bonds and adversely affect the value of outstanding bonds and the ability of issuers to repay principal and interest. In addition, in a declining interest rate market, issuers of high yield bonds may exercise redemption or call provisions, which may force a fund, to the extent it owns such securities, to replace those securities with lower yielding securities. This could result in a decreased return.
Repurchase Agreements. A fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the underlying securities, including the risk of a possible decline in the value of the underlying securities during the period in which the fund seeks to assert its rights to them, the risk of incurring expenses associated with asserting those rights and the risk of losing all or a part of the income from the agreement.
Foreign Securities. Investments in securities of foreign issuers involve certain risks not ordinarily associated with investments in securities of domestic issuers. Such risks include fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, future political and economic developments, and the possible imposition of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions. Since each fund (except Municipal High Income Fund) may invest in securities denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in foreign currency exchange rates will, to the extent the fund does not adequately hedge against such fluctuations, affect the value of securities in its portfolio and the unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments so far as U.S. investors are concerned. In addition, with respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, political or social instability or diplomatic developments which could adversely affect investments in those countries.
There may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a U.S. company, and foreign companies may not be subject to accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to or as uniform as those of U.S. companies. Foreign securities markets, while growing in volume, have, for the most part, substantially less volume than U.S. markets, and securities of many foreign companies are less liquid and their price more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Transaction costs on foreign securities markets are generally higher than in the U.S. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers than there is in the U.S. A fund might have greater difficulty taking appropriate legal action in foreign courts. Dividend and interest income from foreign securities will generally be subject to withholding taxes by the country in which the issuer is located and may not be recoverable by the fund. Capital gains are also subject to taxation in some foreign countries.
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Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities. Payments of principal of and interest on mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities are made more frequently than are payments on conventional debt securities. In addition, holders of mortgage-backed securities and of certain asset-backed securities (such as asset-backed securities backed by home equity loans) may receive unscheduled payments of principal at any time representing prepayments on the underlying mortgage loans or financial assets. When the holder of the security attempts to reinvest prepayments or even the scheduled payments of principal and interest, it may receive a rate of interest that is higher or lower than the rate on the mortgage-backed security or asset-backed security originally held. To the extent that mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed securities are purchased by a fund at a premium, mortgage foreclosures and principal prepayments may result in a loss to the extent of the premium paid. If mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed securities are bought at a discount, however, both scheduled payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments will increase current and total returns and will accelerate the recognition of income which, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income.
Asset-backed securities may present certain risks not relevant to mortgage-backed securities. Although asset-backed securities are a growing sector of the financial markets, they are relatively new instruments and may be subject to a greater risk of default during periods of economic downturn than asset-backed securities. In addition, assets underlying asset-backed securities such as credit card receivables are generally unsecured, and debtors are entitled to the protection of various state and federal consumer protection laws, some of which provide a right of set-off that may reduce the balance owed.
Currency Risks. The U.S. dollar value of securities denominated in a foreign currency will vary with changes in currency exchange rates, which can be volatile. Accordingly, changes in the value of the currency in which a fund’s investments are denominated relative to the U.S. dollar will affect the fund’s net asset value. Exchange rates are generally affected by the forces of supply and demand in the international currency markets, the relative merits of investing in different countries and the intervention or failure to intervene of U.S. or foreign governments and central banks. However, currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on factors intrinsic to a country’s economy. Some emerging market countries also may have managed currencies, which are not free floating against the U.S. dollar. In addition, emerging markets are subject to the risk of restrictions upon the free conversion of their currencies into other currencies. Any devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar in the currencies in which a fund’s securities are quoted would reduce the fund’s net asset value per share.
Special Risks of Countries in the Asia Pacific Region. Certain of the risks associated with international investments are heightened for investments in these countries. For example, some of the currencies of these countries have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and adjustments have been made periodically in certain of such currencies. Certain countries, such as Indonesia, face serious exchange constraints. Jurisdictional disputes also exist, for example, between South Korea and North Korea.
Securities of Developing/Emerging Markets Countries. A developing or emerging markets country generally is considered to be a country that is in the initial stages of its industrialization cycle. Investing in the equity markets of developing countries involves exposure to economic structures that are generally less diverse and mature, and to political systems that can be expected to have less stability, than those of developed countries. Historical experience indicates that the markets of developing countries have been more volatile than the markets of the more mature economies of developed countries; however, such markets often have provided higher rates of return to investors.
One or more of the risks discussed above could affect adversely the economy of a developing market or a fund’s investments in such a market. In Eastern Europe, for example, upon the accession to power of Communist regimes in the past, the governments of a number of Eastern European countries expropriated a large amount of property. The claims of many property owners against those governments may remain unsettled. There can be no assurance that any investments that a fund might make in such emerging markets would not be expropriated, nationalized or otherwise confiscated at some time in the future. In such an event, the fund could lose its entire investment in the market involved. Moreover, changes in the leadership or policies of such markets could halt the expansion or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring in certain of these markets and adversely affect existing investment opportunities.
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Many of a fund’s investments in the securities of emerging markets may be unrated or rated below investment grade. Securities rated below investment grade (and comparable unrated securities) are the equivalent of high yield, high risk bonds, commonly known as “junk bonds.” Such securities are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations and involve major risk exposure to adverse business, financial, economic, or political conditions.
Derivative Instruments. In accordance with its investment policies, each fund may invest in certain derivative instruments, which are securities or contracts that provide for payments based on or “derived” from the performance of an underlying asset, index or other economic benchmark. Please see “Derivative Instruments—Options, Futures and Other Strategies for a discussion of risks associated with derivative instruments.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are subject both to the stock market risk associated with equity securities and to the credit and interest rate risks associated with fixed-income securities. As the market price of the equity security underlying a convertible security falls, the convertible security tends to trade on the basis of its yield and other fixed-income characteristics. As the market price of such equity security rises, the convertible security tends to trade on the basis of its equity conversion features.
Preferred Stocks. Preferred stocks, like common stocks, represent an equity ownership in an issuer, but generally have a priority claim over common stocks, but not over debt, with respect to dividend payments and upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the issuer. Therefore, preferred stock is subject to the credit risk of the issuer, but because of its subordinate position to debt obligations of the issuer, the deterioration of the credit of an issuer is likely to cause greater decreases in the value of preferred stock than in more senior debt obligations.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Trust has adopted the fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies below with respect to the funds for the protection of shareholders. Fundamental investment policies may not be changed without the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a fund, defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting power present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the voting power of the fund are present in person or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the voting power of the fund.
If any percentage restriction described below is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values or assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction.
Fundamental Investment Policies
The Trust’s fundamental policies with respect to each fund are as follows:
1. The fund may not borrow money except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
2. The fund may not engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
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3. The fund may lend money or other assets to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
4. The fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
5. The fund may not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
6. The fund may purchase or sell commodities or contracts related to commodities to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
7. Except as permitted by exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, the Fund may not make any investment if, as a result, the fund’s investments will be concentrated in any one industry.
8. With respect only to Municipal High Income Fund, under normal market conditions, the fund will invest at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in intermediate-term and long-term municipal securities rated medium investment grade, low investment grade or below investment grade by a NRSRO, or, if unrated, of comparable quality.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (1) above, the 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires the fund to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the fund’s total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Certain trading practices and investments, such as reverse repurchase agreements, may be considered to be borrowings and thus subject to the 1940 Act restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Borrowing, especially when used for leverage, may cause the value of a fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the fund did not borrow. This is because borrowing tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the fund’s portfolio holdings. Borrowed money thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay borrowings, the funds may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the funds. There also are costs associated with borrowing money, and these costs would offset and could eliminate a fund’s net investment income in any given period. Currently, none of the funds contemplates borrowing money for leverage, but if a fund does so, it will not likely do so to a substantial degree. The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to permit the funds to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (2) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, the 1940 Act permits a fund to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of the fund’s underwriting commitments, when added to the value of the fund’s investments in issuers where the fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.
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Under the 1933 Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer’s registration statement or prospectus. Securities purchased from an issuer and not registered for sale under the 1933 Act are considered restricted securities. There may be a limited market for these securities. If these securities are registered under the 1933 Act, they may then be eligible for sale but participating in the sale may subject the seller to underwriter liability. These risks could apply to a fund investing in restricted securities. Although it is not believed that the application of the 1933 Act provisions described above would cause a fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (2) above will be interpreted not to prevent the funds from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the funds may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (3) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. (A repurchase agreement is an agreement to purchase a security, coupled with an agreement to sell that security back to the original seller on an agreed-upon date at a price that reflects current interest rates. The SEC frequently treats repurchase agreements as loans.) While lending securities may be a source of income to a fund, as with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the underlying securities should the borrower fail financially. However, loans would be made only when the fund’s manager or a subadviser believes the income justifies the attendant risks. The funds also will be permitted by this policy to make loans of money, including to other funds. A fund would have to obtain exemptive relief from the SEC to make loans to other funds. The policy in (3) above will be interpreted not to prevent the funds from purchasing or investing in debt obligations and loans. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments, as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (4) above, “senior securities” are defined as fund obligations that have a priority over the fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a fund from issuing senior securities except that the fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose. A fund also may borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes, and these borrowings are not considered senior securities. The issuance of senior securities by a fund can increase the speculative character of the fund’s outstanding shares through leveraging. Leveraging of a fund’s portfolio through the issuance of senior securities magnifies the potential for gain or loss on monies, because even though the fund’s net assets remain the same, the total risk to investors is increased to the extent of the fund’s gross assets. The policy in (4) above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth in (5) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning real estate; however, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. Investing in real estate may involve risks, including that real estate is generally considered illiquid and may be difficult to value and sell. Owners of real estate may be subject to various liabilities, including environmental liabilities. To the extent that investments in real estate are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a fund’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets (10% of net assets for money market funds). The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent the funds from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, or real estate investment trust securities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth in (6) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related
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to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). However, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. To the extent that investments in commodities are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a fund’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets (10% of net assets for money market funds). If a fund were to invest in a physical commodity or a physical commodity-related instrument, the fund would be subject to the additional risks of the particular physical commodity and its related market. The value of commodities and commodity-related instruments may be extremely volatile and may be affected either directly or indirectly by a variety of factors. There also may be storage charges and risks of loss associated with physical commodities. The policy in (6) above will be interpreted to permit investments in exchange traded funds that invest in physical and/or financial commodities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (7) above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. A fund that invests a significant percentage of its total assets in a single industry may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting that industry and may be more risky than a fund that does not concentrate in an industry. The policy in (7) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; securities of foreign governments; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to the funds as to how to classify issuers within or among industries.
The funds’ fundamental policies are written and will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
Under the non-fundamental investment policies adopted by the Trust, each fund is prohibited from:
1. Investing in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development programs, except that Diversified Strategic Income Fund and High Income Fund may invest in the securities of companies that invest in or sponsor those programs.
2. Writing or selling puts, calls, straddles, spreads or combinations thereof, except as permitted under the fund’s investment objective and policies.
3. Making investments for the purpose of exercising control or management.
4. Purchasing or retaining securities of any company if, to the knowledge of the Trust, any of the Trust’s officers or Trustees or any officer or director of the manager individually owns more than 1/2 of 1% of the outstanding securities of such company and together they own beneficially more than 5% of the securities.
5. Investing in warrants other than those acquired by the fund as part of a unit or attached to securities at the time of purchase (except as permitted under a fund’s investment objective and policies) if, as a result, the investments (valued at the lower of cost or market) would exceed 5% of the value of the fund’s total assets. At no time may more than 2% of the fund’s total assets be invested in warrants not listed on a recognized U.S. or foreign stock exchange, to the extent permitted by applicable state securities laws.
6. Investing in securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
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Diversification
Each of the funds is currently classified as a diversified fund under the 1940 Act. This means that none of the funds may purchase securities of an issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) if, with respect to 75% of the fund’s total assets, (a) more than 5% of the fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer, or (b) the fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. With respect to the remaining 25% of its total assets, a fund can invest more than 5% of its assets in one issuer. Under the 1940 Act, no fund can change its classification from diversified to non-diversified without shareholder approval.
Portfolio Turnover
For reporting purposes, a fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the subadviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.
In the event that portfolio turnover increases, this increase necessarily results in correspondingly greater transaction costs which must be paid by the fund. To the extent portfolio trading results in realization of net short-term capital gains, shareholders will be taxed on such gains at ordinary tax rates (except shareholders who invest through individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and other retirement plans which are not taxed currently on accumulations in their accounts).
For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2006 and 2007 the portfolio turnover rates were as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: | |
Fund | | 2006 | | | 2007 | |
Core Bond Fund† | | 249 | % | | 373 | %* |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund† | | 202 | % | | 198 | % |
High Income Fund | | 55 | % | | 63 | % |
Municipal High Income Fund | | 13 | % | | 10 | % |
† | Excluding mortgage dollar roll transactions. If mortgage dollar roll transactions had been included for the Core Bond Fund, the portfolio turnover rate would have been 258% and 586% for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. If mortgage dollar roll transactions had been included for the Diversified Strategic Income Fund, the portfolio turnover rate would have been 513% and 344% for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
* | The increase in portfolio turnover rate during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007 is attributable to the change of the Core Bond Fund’s strategy to implement an intermediate duration core bond strategy. |
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Subject to such policies as may be established by the Board from time to time, each fund’s subadviser is primarily responsible for the fund’s portfolio decisions and the placing of the fund’s portfolio transactions. With respect to Diversified Strategic Income Fund and High Income Fund, decisions to buy and sell domestic securities for the fund are made by Western Asset, which is also responsible for placing these transactions; the responsibility to make investment decisions with respect to foreign securities and to place these transactions rests with Western Asset Limited.
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Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. There is generally no stated commission in the case of securities traded in the over-the-counter market, but the price of those securities includes an undisclosed commission or mark-up. Over-the-counter purchases and sales are transacted directly with principal market makers except where it is believed that better prices and executions may be obtained elsewhere. The cost of securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriting commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased from and sold to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down. During the three most recent fiscal years, none of the funds paid any brokerage commissions.
Pursuant to each Management Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement, each of the manager and each subadviser is authorized to place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for a fund either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer, foreign currency dealer, futures commission merchant or others selected by it. The general policy of the manager and each subadviser in selecting brokers and dealers is to obtain the best results achievable in the context of a number of factors which are considered both in relation to individual trades and broader trading patterns, including the reliability of the broker/dealer, the competitiveness of the price and the commission, the research services received and whether the broker/dealer commits its own capital.
In connection with the selection of such brokers or dealers and the placing of such orders, subject to applicable law, brokers or dealers may be selected who also provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) to the funds and/or the other accounts over which the manager, a subadviser or their its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The manager and subadvisers are authorized to pay a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for a fund which is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the manager or a subadviser determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer. This determination may be viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities that the manager or a subadviser and their affiliates have with respect to accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. The manager and/or subadvisers may also have arrangements with brokers pursuant to which such brokers provide research services to the manager or subadvisers in exchange for a certain volume of brokerage transactions to be executed by such brokers. While the payment of higher commissions increases a fund’s costs, neither the manager nor any subadviser believes that the receipt of such brokerage and research services significantly reduces its expenses as manager or subadviser. Arrangements for the receipt of research services from brokers may create conflicts of interest.
Research services furnished to the manager or a subadviser by brokers who effect securities transactions for a fund may be used by the manager or subadviser in servicing other investment companies and accounts which it manages. Similarly, research services furnished to the manager or subadvisers by brokers who effect securities transactions for other investment companies and accounts which the manager or subadvisers manage may be used by the manager or subadvisers in servicing a fund. Not all of these research services are used by the manager or subadvisers in managing any particular account, including the funds.
For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, the funds did not direct any amounts to brokerage transactions related to research services and did not pay any brokerage commissions related to research services.
Each fund contemplates that, consistent with the policy of obtaining the best net results, brokerage transactions may be conducted through “affiliated broker/dealers,” as defined in the 1940 Act. The Board has adopted procedures in accordance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act to ensure that all brokerage commissions paid to such affiliates are reasonable and fair in the context of the market in which such affiliates operate.
Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid
For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2005 and 2006, none of the funds paid brokerage commissions.
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For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, the funds paid the following in brokerage commissions:
| | | |
Fund | | Brokerage Commissions for the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2007 |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 2,781 |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 156,908 |
High Income Fund | | | N/A |
Municipal High Income Fund | | | N/A |
As of December 1, 2005, LMIS became an underwriter of each fund under the 1940 Act. For the period from December 1, 2005 through July 31, 2006 and for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, none of the funds paid any brokerage commissions to LMIS or its affiliates.
In certain instances, there may be securities that are suitable as an investment for a fund as well as for one or more of a manager’s or subadviser’s other clients. Investment decisions for each fund and for the manager’s or a subadviser’s other clients are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. It may develop that a particular security is bought or sold for only one client even though it might be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when several clients receive investment advice from the same manager, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. It is recognized that in some cases this system could adversely affect the price of or the size of the position obtainable in a security for a fund. When purchases or sales of the same security for a fund and for other portfolios managed by the manager or a subadviser occur contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantages available to large volume purchases or sales.
During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, the Core Bond Fund purchased securities issues by the following regular broker/dealers of the fund, which had the following values as of July 31, 2007:
| | | | | |
Name of Regular Broker or Dealer or Parent (Issuer) | | Type of Security Owned | | Value of Securities Owned at End of Current Period (000’s omitted) |
Morgan Stanley | | Debt | | $ | 6,617,996 |
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | | Debt | | $ | 5,534,067 |
Banc of America Securities LLC | | Debt | | $ | 4,948,043 |
Bear Stearns & Co., Inc. | | Debt | | $ | 3,435,945 |
Lehman Brothers Inc. | | Debt | | $ | 2,244,751 |
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | | Debt | | $ | 1,686,369 |
Nomura Securities International, Inc. | | Debt | | $ | 680,963 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | Debt | | $ | 488,588 |
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During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, the Diversified Strategic Income Fund purchased securities issues by the following regular broker/dealers of the fund, which had the following values as of July 31, 2007:
| | | | | |
Name of Regular Broker or Dealer or Parent (Issuer) | | Type of Security Owned | | Value of Securities Owned at End of Current Period (000’s omitted) |
Morgan Stanley | | Debt | | $ | 10,573,697 |
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | | Debt | | $ | 9,037,442 |
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | | Debt | | $ | 2,840,065 |
Banc of America LLC | | Debt | | $ | 1,886,136 |
Lehman Brothers Inc. | | Debt | | $ | 1,867,004 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | Debt | | $ | 342,012 |
During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, the High Income Fund purchased securities issues by the following regular broker/dealers of the fund, which had the following values as of July 31, 2007:
| | | | | |
Name of Regular Broker or Dealer or Parent (Issuer) | | Type of Security Owned | | Value of Securities Owned at End of Current Period (000’s omitted) |
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | | Debt | | $ | 3,566,218 |
As of July 31, 2007, Municipal High Income Fund did not own any securities issued by a regular broker/dealer.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
For funds in the Legg Mason Partners family of funds, each fund’s board of trustees has adopted policies and procedures developed by LMPFA with respect to the disclosure of the funds’ portfolio securities and any ongoing arrangements to make available information about each fund’s portfolio securities. The policy requires that consideration always be given as to whether disclosure of information about any fund’s portfolio holdings is in the best interests of such fund’s shareholders, and that any conflicts of interest between the interests of the fund’s shareholders and those of LMPFA, the funds’ distributor or their affiliates, be addressed in a manner that places the interests of fund shareholders first. The policy provides that information regarding a fund’s portfolio holdings may not be shared with non-Legg Mason employees, with investors or potential investors (whether individual or institutional), or with third parties unless it is done for legitimate fund business purposes and in accordance with the policy.
LMPFA’s policy generally provides for the release of details of securities positions once they are considered “stale.” Data is considered stale 25 calendar days following quarter-end for funds other than money market funds, and 25 calendar days following month-end with respect to money market funds. LMPFA believes that this passage of time prevents a third party from benefiting from an investment decision made by a fund that has not been fully reflected by the market.
Under the policy, a fund’s complete list of holdings (including the size of each position) may be made available to investors, potential investors, third parties and non-Legg Mason employees with simultaneous public disclosure at least 25 days after calendar quarter end, except in the case of a money market fund’s holdings, which may be released with simultaneous public disclosure at least 25 days after month end. Typically, simultaneous public disclosure is achieved by the filing of Form N-Q or Form N-CSR in accordance with SEC rules, provided that such filings may not be made until 25 days following quarter-end and/or posting the information to LMPFA or the funds’ Internet site that is accessible by the public, or through public release by a third party vendor.
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The policy permits the release of limited portfolio holdings information that is not yet considered stale in a number of situations, including:
1. A fund’s top ten securities, current as of month-end, and the individual size of each such security position may be released at any time following month-end with simultaneous public disclosure.
2. A fund’s top ten securities positions (including the aggregate but not individual size of such positions) may be released at any time with simultaneous public disclosure.
3. A list of securities (that may include fund holdings together with other securities) followed by a portfolio manager (without position sizes or identification of particular funds) may be disclosed to sell-side brokers at any time for the purpose of obtaining research and/or market information from such brokers.
4. A trade in process may be discussed only with counterparties, potential counterparties and others involved in the transaction (i.e., brokers and custodians).
5. A fund’s sector weightings, yield and duration (for fixed income funds), performance attribution (e.g. analysis of the fund’s out-performance or underperformance of its benchmark based on its portfolio holdings) and other summary and statistical information that does not include identification of specific portfolio holdings may be released, even if non-public, if such release is otherwise in accordance with the policy’s general principles.
6. A fund’s portfolio holdings may be released on an as-needed basis to its legal counsel, counsel to its Independent Trustees and its independent public accounting firm, in required regulatory filings or otherwise to governmental agencies and authorities.
Under the policy, if information about a fund’s portfolio holdings is released pursuant to an ongoing arrangement with any party, a fund must have a legitimate business purpose for the release of the information, and either party receiving the information must be under a duty of confidentiality, or the release of non-public information must be subject to trading restrictions and confidential treatment to prohibit the entity from sharing with an unauthorized source or trading upon any non-public information provided. Neither a fund, nor Legg Mason nor any other affiliated person may receive compensation or any other consideration in connection with such arrangements. Ongoing arrangements to make available information about a fund’s portfolio securities will be reviewed at least annually by a fund’s board of trustees.
The approval of a fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, or designee, must be obtained before entering into any new ongoing arrangement or altering any existing ongoing arrangement to make available portfolio holdings information, or with respect to any exceptions to the policy. Any exceptions to the policy must be consistent with the purposes of the policy. Exceptions are considered on a case-by-case basis and are granted only after a thorough examination and consultation with LMPFA’s legal department, as necessary. Exceptions to the policies are reported to the fund’s board of trustees at its next regularly scheduled meeting.
Currently, the Funds typically disclose their complete portfolio holdings approximately 25 days after calendar quarter-end on Legg Mason’s website, http://www.leggmason.com/InvestorServices.
Set forth below is a list, as of August 31, 2007, of those parties with whom LMPFA, on behalf of the Funds, has authorized ongoing arrangements that include the release of portfolio holdings information, the frequency of the release under such arrangements, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The parties identified below as recipients are service providers, fund rating agencies, consultants and analysts.
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| | | | |
Recipient | | Frequency | | Delay Before Dissemination |
State Street Bank & Trust Co. (Fund Custodian and Accounting Agent) | | Daily | | None |
Institutional Shareholder Services (Proxy voting services) | | As necessary | | None |
Bloomberg | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Lipper | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
S&P | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Morningstar | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Vestek | | Daily | | None |
Factset | | Daily | | None |
The Bank of New York | | Daily | | None |
Thomson | | Semi-annually | | None |
Dataware | | Daily | | None |
ITG | | Daily | | None |
Portfolio holdings information for a Fund may also be released from time to time pursuant to ongoing arrangements with the following parties:
| | | | |
Recipient | | Frequency | | Delay Before Dissemination |
Baseline | | Daily | | None |
Frank Russell | | Monthly | | 1 Day |
Callan | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Mercer | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
eVestment Alliance | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
CRA RogersCasey | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Cambridge Associates | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Marco Consulting | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Wilshire | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Informa Investment Services (Efron) | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
CheckFree (Mobius) | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Nelsons Information | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Investor Tools | | Daily | | None |
Advent | | Daily | | None |
BARRA | | Daily | | None |
Plexus | | Quarterly (Calendar) | | Sent 1-3 business days following the end of a Quarter |
Elkins/McSherry | | Quarterly (Calendar) | | Sent 1-3 business days following the end of a Quarter |
Quantitative Services Group | | Daily | | None |
AMBAC | | Daily | | None |
Deutsche Bank | | Monthly | | 6-8 business days |
Fitch | | Monthly | | 6-8 business days |
Liberty Hampshire | | Weekly and Month End | | None |
Sun Trust | | Weekly and Month End | | None |
New England Pension Consultants | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Evaluation Associates | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
Watson Wyatt | | Quarterly | | 25 Days after Quarter End |
S&P (Rating Agency) | | Weekly Tuesday Night* | | 1 business day* |
Moody’s (Rating Agency) | | Monthly* | | 6-8 business days* |
Electra Information Systems | | Daily | | None |
SunGard | | Daily | | None |
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PURCHASE OF SHARES
General
Investors may purchase shares from a Service Agent. In addition, certain investors, including retirement plans purchasing through certain Service Agents, may purchase shares directly from the fund. When purchasing shares of the fund, investors must specify whether the purchase is for Class A, B, C, R or I* shares, as applicable. Service Agents may charge their customers an annual account maintenance fee in connection with a brokerage account through which an investor purchases or holds shares. Accounts held directly at the transfer agent are not subject to a maintenance fee.
For additional information regarding applicable investment minimums and eligibility requirements, please see each fund’s prospectus.
There are no minimum investment requirements for purchases of Class A shares by (i) current and retired board members of Legg Mason, (ii) current and retired board members of any fund advised by LMPFA (such board members, together with board members of Legg Mason, are referred to herein as “Board Members”), (iii) current employees of Legg Mason and its subsidiaries, (iv) the “immediate families” of such persons (“immediate families” are such person’s spouse, including the surviving spouse of a deceased Board Member, and children under the age of 21), and (v) a pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons. Each fund reserves the right to waive or change minimums, to decline any order to purchase its shares and to suspend the offering of shares from time to time.
Share certificates for the funds will no longer be issued. If you currently hold share certificates of a fund, such certificates will continue to be honored.
Purchase orders received by a fund or a Service Agent prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE on any day the fund calculates its net asset value are priced according to the net asset value determined on that day (the “trade date”). Orders received by a Service Agent prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE on any day the fund calculates its net asset value are priced according to the net asset value determined on that day, provided the order is received by the fund’s agent prior to its close of business.
Systematic Investment Plan. Shareholders may make additions to their accounts at any time by purchasing shares through a service known as the Systematic Investment Plan. Under the Systematic Investment Plan, the distributor or the transfer agent is authorized through preauthorized transfers of at least $25 on a monthly, quarterly, every alternate month, semi-annual or annual basis to charge the shareholder’s account held with a bank or other financial institution as indicated by the shareholder, to provide for systematic additions to the shareholder’s fund account. A shareholder who has insufficient funds to complete the transfer will be charged a fee of up to $25 by the distributor or the transfer agent. Additional information is available from a fund or a Service Agent.
Sales Charge Alternatives
The following classes of shares are available for purchase. See each fund’s prospectus for a discussion of who is eligible to purchase certain classes and of factors to consider in selecting which class of shares to purchase.
Class A Shares. Class A shares are sold to investors at the public offering price, which is the net asset value (“NAV”) plus an initial sales charge, as described in each fund’s prospectus.
* | As of November 20, 2006, Class Y shares were renamed Class I shares. Core Bond Fund does not offer Class I shares. Effective October 17, 2007, High Income Fund’s Class I shares were closed to all new purchases and incoming exchanges. |
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Members of the selling group may receive a portion of the sales charge as described in each fund’s prospectus and may be deemed to be underwriters of the applicable fund, as defined in the 1933 Act. Sales charges are calculated based on the aggregate of purchases of Class A shares of the applicable fund made at one time by any “person,” which includes an individual and his or her spouse and children under the age of 21, or a trustee or other fiduciary of a single trust estate or single fiduciary account. For additional information regarding sales charge reductions, see “Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions” below.
Purchases of Class A shares of $1,000,000 or more will be made at NAV without any initial sales charge, but will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% on redemptions made within 12 months of purchase. The contingent deferred sales charge is waived in the same circumstances in which the contingent deferred sales charge applicable to Class B and Class C shares is waived. See “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Provisions” and “Waivers of Contingent Deferred Sales Charge” below.
Class B and C Shares. Class B and Class C shares are sold without an initial sales charge but are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge payable upon certain redemptions. See “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Provisions” below.
Class R and I shares. Class R and Class I* shares are sold at NAV with no initial sales charge on purchases and no contingent deferred sales charge upon redemption.
Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions
Initial Sales Charge Waivers. Purchases of Class A shares may be made at NAV without an initial sales charge in the following circumstances:
| (a) | sales to (i) current and retired Board Members, (ii) current employees of Legg Mason and its subsidiaries, (iii) the “immediate families” of such persons (“immediate families” are such person’s spouse, including the surviving spouse of a deceased Board Member, and children under the age of 21), and (iv) a pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons; |
| (b) | sales to any employees of Service Agents having dealer, service or other selling agreements with the funds’ distributor or otherwise having an arrangement with any such Service Agent with respect to sales of fund shares, and by the immediate families of such persons or by a pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons (providing the purchase is made for investment purposes and such securities will not be resold except through redemption or repurchase); |
| (c) | offers of Class A shares to any other investment company to effect the combination of such company with the fund by merger, acquisition of assets or otherwise; |
| (d) | purchases by shareholders who have redeemed Class A shares in the fund (or Class A shares of another Legg Mason Partners fund that is offered with a sales charge) and who wish to reinvest their redemption proceeds in the fund, provided the reinvestment is made within 60 calendar days of the redemption; |
| (e) | purchases by accounts managed by registered investment advisory subsidiaries of Citigroup Inc. (“Citigroup”); |
| (f) | purchases by certain separate accounts used to fund unregistered variable annuity contracts; and |
* | Effective October 17, 2007, High Income Fund’s Class I shares were closed to all new purchases and incoming exchanges. Shareholders owning Class I shares on that date will be permitted to continue to add to their Class I share positions. |
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| (g) | purchases by investors participating in “wrap fee” or asset allocation programs or other fee-based arrangements sponsored by (affiliated and non-affiliated) broker/dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with LMIS. |
In order to obtain such discounts, the purchaser must provide sufficient information at the time of purchase to permit verification that the purchase qualifies for the elimination of the sales charge.
Accumulation Privilege. Please see each fund’s prospectus for information regarding accumulation privileges.
Letter of Intent—helps you take advantage of breakpoints in Class A sales charges. You may purchase Class A shares of Legg Mason Partners funds over a 13-month period and pay the same sales charge, if any, as if all shares had been purchased at once. You have a choice of five Asset Level Goal amounts, as follows:
| | |
(1) $100,000 | | (4) $750,000 |
(2) $250,000 | | (5) $1,000,000 |
(3) $500,000 | | |
Each time you make a Class A purchase under a Letter of Intent, you will be entitled to the sales charge that is applicable to the amount of your Asset Level Goal. For example, if your Asset Level Goal is $100,000, any Class A investments you make under a Letter of Intent would be subject to the sales charge of the specific fund you are investing in for purchases of $100,000. Sales charges and breakpoints vary among the Legg Mason Partners funds.
When you enter into a Letter of Intent, you agree to purchase in Eligible Accounts over a 13-month period Eligible Fund Purchases in an amount equal to the Asset Level Goal you have selected, less any Eligible Prior Purchases. For this purpose, shares are valued at the public offering price (including any sales charge paid) calculated as of the date of purchase, plus any appreciation in the value of the shares as of the date of calculation, except for Eligible Prior Purchases, which are valued at current value as of the date of calculation. Your commitment will be met if at any time during the 13-month period the value, as so determined, of eligible holdings is at least equal to your Asset Level Goal. All reinvested dividends and distributions on shares acquired under the Letter of Intent will be credited towards your Asset Level Goal. You may include any Eligible Fund Purchases towards the Letter of Intent, including shares of classes other than Class A shares. However, a Letter of Intent will not entitle you to a reduction in the sales charge payable on any shares other than Class A shares, and if the shares are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge, you will still be subject to that contingent deferred sales charge with respect to those shares. You must make reference to the Letter of Intent each time you make a purchase under the Letter of Intent.
Eligible Fund Purchases. Generally, any shares of a Legg Mason Partners fund may be credited towards your Asset Level Goal. Shares of certain money market funds advised by the manager or its affiliates (except for money market fund shares acquired by exchange from other Legg Mason Partners funds offered with a sales charge), Legg Mason Partners S&P 500 Index Fund and Class O shares of Legg Mason Partners Equity Fund are not eligible. This list may change from time to time. Investors should check with their Service Agent to see which funds may be eligible.
Eligible Accounts. Purchases may be made through any account in your name, or in the name of your spouse or your children under the age of 21. You may need to provide certain records, such as account statements, in order to verify your eligibility for reduced sales charges. Contact your Service Agent to see which accounts may be credited toward your Asset Level Goal.
Eligible Prior Purchases. You may also credit towards your Asset Level Goal any Eligible Fund Purchases made in Eligible Accounts at any time prior to entering into the Letter of Intent that have not been sold or redeemed, based on the current price of those shares as of the date of calculation.
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Purchases made 90 days prior to the 13-month period are also eligible to be treated as purchases made under the Letter of Intent. Any Eligible Fund Purchases in Eligible Accounts made during that period will count towards your Asset Level Goal and will also be eligible for the lower sales charge applicable to your Asset Level Goal. You will be credited by way of additional shares at the current offering price for the difference between (a) the aggregate sales charges actually paid for those eligible shares, and (b) the aggregate applicable sales charges for your Asset Level Goal.
Increasing the Amount of the Letter of Intent. You may at any time increase your Asset Level Goal. You must, however, contact your Service Agent, or if you purchase your shares directly through PFPC, contact PFPC prior to making any purchases in an amount in excess of your current Asset Level Goal. Upon such an increase, you will be credited by way of additional shares at the then current offering price for the difference between (a) the aggregate sales charges actually paid for shares already purchased under the Letter of Intent, and (b) the aggregate applicable sales charges for the increased Asset Level Goal. The 13-month period during which the Asset Level Goal must be achieved will remain unchanged.
Sales and Exchanges. Shares acquired pursuant to a Letter of Intent, other than Escrowed Shares, as defined below, may be redeemed or exchanged at any time, although any shares that are redeemed prior to meeting your Asset Level Goal will no longer count towards meeting your Asset Level Goal. However, complete liquidation of purchases made under a Letter of Intent prior to meeting the Asset Level Goal will result in the cancellation of the Letter of Intent. See “Failure to Meet Asset Level Goal” below. Exchanges in accordance with a fund’s prospectus are permitted, and shares so exchanged will continue to count towards your Asset Level Goal, as long as the exchange results in an Eligible Fund Purchase.
Cancellation of Letter of Intent. You may cancel a Letter of Intent by notifying your Service Agent in writing, or if you purchase your shares directly through PFPC, by notifying PFPC in writing. The Letter of Intent will be automatically cancelled if all shares are sold or redeemed as set forth above. See “Failure to Meet Asset Level Goal” below.
Escrowed Shares. Shares equal in value to 5% of your Asset Level Goal as of the date of your Letter of Intent (or the date of any increase in the amount of the Letter of Intent) is accepted, will be held in escrow during the term of your Letter of Intent . The Escrowed Shares will be included in the total shares owned as reflected in your account statement and any dividends and capital gains distributions applicable to the Escrowed Shares will be credited to your account and counted towards your Asset Level Goal or paid in cash upon request. The Escrowed Shares will be released from escrow if all the terms of your Letter of Intent are met.
Failure to Meet Asset Level Goal. If the total assets under your Letter of Intent within its 13-month term are less than your Asset Level Goal or you elect to liquidate all of your holdings or cancel the Letter of Intent before reaching your Asset Level Goal, you will be liable for the difference between (a) the sales charge actually paid, and (b) the sales charge that would have applied if you had not entered into the Letter of Intent. You may, however, be entitled to any breakpoints that would have been available to you under the accumulation privilege. An appropriate number of shares in your account will be redeemed to realize the amount due. For these purposes, by entering into a Letter of Intent, you irrevocably appoint your Service Agent, or if you purchase your shares directly through PFPC, PFPC, as your attorney-in-fact for the purposes of holding the Escrowed Shares and surrendering shares in your account for redemption. If there are insufficient assets in your account, you will be liable for the difference. Any Escrowed Shares remaining after such redemption will be released to your account.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Provisions
“Contingent deferred sales charge shares” are: (a) Class B shares; (b) Class C shares; and (c) Class A shares that were purchased without an initial sales charge but are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. A contingent deferred sales charge may be imposed on certain redemptions of these shares.
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Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge will be assessed on the NAV at the time of purchase or redemption, whichever is less.
Class C shares and Class A shares that are contingent deferred sales charge shares are subject to a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge if redeemed within 12 months of purchase. In circumstances in which the contingent deferred sales charge is imposed on Class B shares, the amount of the charge will depend on the number of years since the shareholder made the purchase payment from which the amount is being redeemed, as further discussed in each fund’s prospectus. Solely for purposes of determining the number of years since a purchase payment, all purchase payments made during a month will be aggregated and deemed to have been made on the last day of the preceding statement month.
Class B shares will convert automatically to Class A shares approximately 8 years after the date on which they were purchased and thereafter will no longer be subject to any distribution fees. There will also be converted at that time such proportion of Class B dividend shares (Class B shares that were acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and distributions) owned by the shareholder as the total number of his or her Class B shares converting at the time bears to the total number of outstanding Class B shares (other than Class B dividend shares) owned by the shareholder.
In determining the applicability of any contingent deferred sales charge, it will be assumed that a redemption is made first of shares representing capital appreciation, next of shares representing the reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions, next of shares that are not subject to the contingent deferred sales charge and finally of other shares held by the shareholder for the longest period of time. The length of time that contingent deferred sales charge shares acquired through an exchange have been held will be calculated from the date the shares exchanged were initially acquired in one of the other Legg Mason Partners Funds. For federal income tax purposes, the amount of the contingent deferred sales charge will reduce the gain or increase the loss, as the case may be, on the amount realized on redemption. The funds’ distributor receives contingent deferred sales charges in partial consideration for its expenses in selling shares.
Waivers of Contingent Deferred Sales Charge
The contingent deferred sales charge will be waived on: (a) exchanges (see “Exchange Privilege” below); (b) automatic cash withdrawals in amounts equal to or less than 2% per month of the shareholder’s account balance at the time the withdrawals commence, up to a maximum of 12% in one year (see “Automatic Cash Withdrawal Plan” below); (c) redemptions of shares within 12 months following the death or disability (as defined in the Code) of the shareholder; (d) mandatory post-retirement distributions from retirement plans or IRAs commencing on or after attainment of age 70 1/2 (except that shareholders who purchased shares subject to a contingent deferred sales charge prior to May 23, 2005 will be “grandfathered” and will be eligible to obtain the waiver at age 59 1/2 by demonstrating such eligibility at the time of redemption); (e) involuntary redemptions; (f) redemptions of shares to effect a combination of the fund with any investment company by merger, acquisition of assets or otherwise; (g) tax-free returns of an excess contribution to any retirement plan; and (h) certain redemptions of shares of a fund in connection with lump-sum or other distributions made by eligible retirement plans or redemptions of shares by participants in certain “wrap fee” or asset allocation programs sponsored by broker/dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the distributor or the manager.
As of November 20, 2006, the contingent deferred sales charge is waived on new Class C shares purchased by retirement plan omnibus accounts held on the books of a fund.
A shareholder who has redeemed shares from other Legg Mason Partners funds may, under certain circumstances, reinvest all or part of the redemption proceeds within 60 days and receive pro rata credit for any contingent deferred sales charge imposed on the prior redemption.
Contingent deferred sales charge waivers will be granted subject to confirmation by the distributor or the transfer agent of the shareholder’s status or holdings, as the case may be.
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REDEMPTION OF SHARES
General
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed (a) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closings), (b) when trading in the markets the applicable fund normally utilizes is restricted, or an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, so that disposal of a fund’s investments or determination of net asset value is not reasonably practicable, or (c) for such other periods as the SEC by order may permit for protection of a fund’s shareholders.
If the shares to be redeemed were issued in certificate form, the certificates must be endorsed for transfer (or be accompanied by an endorsed stock power) and must be submitted to PFPC together with the redemption request. Any signature appearing on a share certificate, stock power or written redemption request in excess of $50,000 must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution such as a domestic bank, savings and loan institution, domestic credit union, member bank of the Federal Reserve System or member firm of a national securities exchange. Written redemption requests of $50,000 or less do not require a signature guarantee unless more than one such redemption request is made in any ten-day period. Redemption proceeds will be mailed to an investor’s address of record. The transfer agent may require additional supporting documents for redemptions made by corporations, executors, administrators, trustees or guardians. A redemption request will not be deemed properly received until the transfer agent receives all required documents in proper form.
If a shareholder holds shares in more than one class, any request for redemption must specify the class being redeemed. In the event of a failure to specify which class, or if the investor owns fewer shares of the class than specified, the redemption request will be delayed until the transfer agent receives further instructions. The redemption proceeds will be remitted on or before the seventh business day following receipt of proper tender, except on days on which the NYSE is closed or as permitted under the 1940 Act, in extraordinary circumstances. Redemption proceeds for shares purchased by check, other than a certified or official bank check, will be remitted upon clearance of the check, which may take up to ten days. Each Service Agent is responsible for transmitting promptly orders for its customers.
The Service Agent may charge you a fee for executing your order. The amount and applicability of such a fee is determined and disclosed to its customers by each Service Agent.
The funds no longer issue share certificates. If you currently hold share certificates of a fund, such certificates will continue to be honored. If you hold share certificates, it will take longer to exchange or redeem shares.
Additional Information Regarding Telephone Redemption and Exchange Program. Neither a fund nor its agents will be liable for following instructions communicated by telephone that are reasonably believed to be genuine. Each fund and its agents will employ procedures designed to verify the identity of the caller and legitimacy of instructions (for example, a shareholder’s name and account number will be required and phone calls may be recorded). Each fund reserves the right to suspend, modify or discontinue the telephone redemption and exchange program or to impose a charge for this service at any time following at least 7 days’ prior notice to shareholders.
Automatic Cash Withdrawal Plan
An automatic cash withdrawal plan (the “Withdrawal Plan”) is available to shareholders, as described in a fund’s prospectus. To the extent withdrawals under the Withdrawal Plan exceed dividends, distributions and appreciation of a shareholder’s investment in a fund, there will be a reduction in the value of the shareholder’s investment, and continued withdrawal payments may reduce the shareholder’s investment and ultimately exhaust it. Withdrawal payments should not be considered as income from investment in a fund. Furthermore, as it
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generally would not be advantageous to a shareholder to make additional investments in a fund at the same time that he or she is participating in the Withdrawal Plan, purchases by such shareholders in amounts of less than $5,000 will not ordinarily be permitted. The Withdrawal Plan will be carried over on exchanges between funds or classes of a fund. All dividends and distributions on shares in the Withdrawal Plan are reinvested automatically at net asset value in additional shares of the fund.
Shareholders who wish to participate in the Withdrawal Plan and who hold their shares in certificate form must deposit their share certificates with the transfer agent as agent for Withdrawal Plan members. For additional information shareholders should contact their Service Agent. A shareholder who purchases shares directly through the transfer agent may continue to do so and applications for participation in the Withdrawal Plan must be received by the transfer agent no later than the eighth day of the month to be eligible for participation beginning with that month’s withdrawal.
Distributions in Kind
If the Board determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a fund to make a redemption payment wholly in cash, a fund may pay, in accordance with SEC rules, any portion of a redemption in excess of the lesser of $250,000 or 1.00% of the fund’s net assets by a distribution in kind of fund securities in lieu of cash. If a redemption is paid in portfolio securities, such securities will be valued in accordance with the procedures described under “Share price” in the applicable fund’s prospectus. Securities issued as a distribution in kind may incur brokerage commissions when shareholders subsequently sell those securities.
Determination of Public Offering Price
Each fund offers its shares to the public on a continuous basis. The public offering price for each class of shares of a fund, as applicable, is equal to the net asset value per share at the time of purchase, plus for Class A shares an initial sales charge based on the aggregate amount of the investment. A contingent deferred sales charge, however, is imposed on certain redemptions of Class A, B and C shares.
Set forth below is an example of the method of computing the offering price of the Class A shares of each fund as of July 31, 2007:
| | | |
Core Bond Fund: | | | |
| |
Class A (based on a net asset value of $11.50 and a maximum initial sales charge of 4.25%) | | $ | 12.01 |
| |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund: | | | |
| |
Class A (based on a net asset value of $6.52 and a maximum initial sales charge of 4.25%) | | $ | 6.81 |
| |
High Income Fund: | | | |
| |
Class A (based on a net asset value of $6.56 and a maximum initial sales charge of 4.25%) | | $ | 6.85 |
| |
Municipal High Income Fund: | | | |
| |
Class A (based on a net asset value of $15.01 and a maximum initial sales charge of 4.25%) | | $ | 15.68 |
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EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
General
The exchange privilege enables shareholders to acquire shares of the same class in a fund with different investment objectives when they believe that a shift between funds is an appropriate investment decision. This privilege is available to shareholders residing in any state in which the fund shares being acquired may legally be sold. Prior to any exchange, the shareholder should obtain and review a copy of the current prospectus of each fund into which an exchange is being considered. Prospectuses may be obtained from a Service Agent.
Upon receipt of proper instructions and all necessary supporting documents, shares submitted for exchange are redeemed at the then-current net asset value and the proceeds are immediately invested in shares of the fund being acquired at that fund’s then current net asset value. The distributor reserves the right to reject any exchange request. The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated at any time after written notice to shareholders.
Class A, R and I Exchanges. Class A, R and I shareholders of a fund who wish to exchange all or a portion of their shares for shares of the respective class in another fund may do so without imposition of any charge.
Class B Exchanges. Class B shares of a fund may be exchanged for other Class B shares without a contingent deferred sales charge. Upon an exchange, the new Class B shares will be deemed to have been purchased on the same date as the Class B shares of the fund that have been exchanged.
Class C Exchanges. Class C shares of a fund may be exchanged for other Class C shares without a contingent deferred sales charge. Upon an exchange, the new Class C shares will be deemed to have been purchased on the same date as the Class C shares of the fund that have been exchanged.
Additional Information Regarding Exchanges
The funds are not designed to provide investors with a means of speculation on short-term market movements. A pattern of frequent exchanges by investors can be disruptive to efficient portfolio management and, consequently, can be detrimental to a fund and its shareholders. See “Frequent purchases and redemptions of fund shares” in each fund’s prospectus.
During times of drastic economic or market conditions, a fund may suspend the exchange privilege temporarily without notice and treat exchange requests based on their separate components—redemption orders with a simultaneous request to purchase the other fund’s shares. In such a case, the redemption request would be processed at the fund’s next determined net asset value but the purchase order would be effective only at the net asset value next determined after the fund being purchased formally accepts the order, which may result in the purchase being delayed.
Certain shareholders may be able to exchange shares by telephone. See each fund’s prospectus for additional information. Exchanges will be processed at the net asset value next determined. Redemption procedures discussed above are also applicable for exchanging shares, and exchanges will be made upon receipt of all supporting documents in proper form. If the account registration of the shares of the fund being acquired is identical to the registration of the shares of the fund exchanged, no signature guarantee is required.
This exchange privilege may be modified or terminated at any time, and is available only in those jurisdictions where such exchanges may legally be made. Before making any exchange, shareholders should contact the transfer agent or, if they hold fund shares through a Service Agent, their Service Agent, to obtain more information and prospectuses of the funds to be acquired through the exchange. An exchange is treated as a sale of the shares exchanged and could result in taxable gain or loss to the shareholder making the exchange.
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DISTRIBUTOR
LMIS, a wholly-owned broker/dealer subsidiary of Legg Mason, located at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, serves as the sole and exclusive distributor of each fund pursuant to a written agreement dated December 1, 2005, (as amended, the “distribution agreement”).
The distributor’s obligation is an agency or “best efforts” arrangement under which the distributor is required to take and pay only for such shares of a fund as may be sold to the public. The distributor is not obligated to sell any stated number of shares. Each distribution agreement is renewable from year to year if approved (a) by the Trustees or by a vote of a majority of a fund’s outstanding voting securities, and (b) by the affirmative vote of a majority of Trustees who are not parties to such agreement or interested persons of any party by votes cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose. Each distribution agreement provides that it will terminate if assigned. The distribution agreements may be terminated without penalty by either party on 60 days’ written notice.
LMIS may be deemed to be an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act.
Prior to December 1, 2007, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“CGMI”), an indirect subsidiary of Citigroup Inc., served as a co-distributor of each of the funds along with LMIS, and PFS Investments Inc. (“PFS”) served as an additional co-distributor of Diversified Strategic Income Fund.
Services and Distribution Plan Arrangements
The Trust has adopted a shareholder services and distribution plan (the “Distribution Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act with respect to the Class A, B, C and R shares of each fund.
Under the Distribution Plan, each fund pays service and/or distribution fees to LMIS for services it provides and expenses it bears with respect to the distribution of Class A, B, C and R shares and providing services to Class A, B, C and R shareholders. The distributor will provide the Board with periodic reports of amounts expended under the Distribution Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. In addition, each fund pays service and/or distribution fees accrued daily and payable monthly, calculated at annual rates as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Service Fee As a Percentage of Daily Net Assets | | | Distribution Fee As a Percentage of Daily Net Assets | | | Total Service and Distribution Fee As a Percentage of Daily Net Assets | |
Core Bond Fund | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | 0.25 | % | | N/A | | | 0.25 | % |
Class B | | 0.25 | % | | 0.50 | % | | 0.75 | % |
Class C | | 0.25 | % | | 0.45 | % | | 0.70 | % |
Class R | | 0.25 | % | | 0.25 | % | | 0.50 | % |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | 0.25 | % | | N/A | | | 0.25 | % |
Class B | | 0.25 | % | | 0.50 | % | | 0.75 | % |
Class C | | 0.25 | % | | 0.45 | % | | 0.70 | % |
High Income Fund | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | 0.25 | % | | N/A | | | 0.25 | % |
Class B | | 0.25 | % | | 0.50 | % | | 0.75 | % |
Class C | | 0.25 | % | | 0.45 | % | | 0.70 | % |
Municipal High Income Fund | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | 0.15 | % | | N/A | | | 0.15 | % |
Class B | | 0.15 | % | | 0.50 | % | | 0.65 | % |
Class C | | 0.15 | % | | 0.55 | % | | 0.70 | % |
Fees under the Distribution Plan may be used to make payments to the distributor for distribution services, to Service Agents in respect of the sale of shares of the funds, and to other parties in respect of the sale of shares of the funds, and to make payments for advertising, marketing or other promotional activity, and payments for
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preparation, printing and distribution of prospectuses, statements of additional information and reports for recipients other than regulators and existing shareholders. The funds also may make payments to the distributor, Service Agents and others for providing personal service or the maintenance of shareholder accounts. The amounts paid to each recipient may vary based upon certain factors, including, among other things, the levels of sales of fund shares and/or shareholder services provided.
The Distribution Plan also provides that the distributor and Services Agents may receive all or a portion of the sales charges paid by Class A, Class B, Class C and Class R investors.
The Distribution Plan permits the funds to pay fees to the distributor, Service Agents and others as compensation for their services, not as reimbursement for specific expenses incurred. Thus, even if their expenses exceed the fees provided for by the Distribution Plan, the fund will not be obligated to pay more than those fees and, if their expenses are less than the fees paid to them, they will realize a profit. A fund may pay the fees to the distributor and others until the Distribution Plan or distribution agreement is terminated or not renewed. In that event, the distributor’s or other recipient’s expenses in excess of fees received or accrued through the termination date will be the distributor’s or other recipient’s sole responsibility and not obligations of the fund. In their annual consideration of the continuation of the Distribution Plan for the funds, the Trustees will review the Distribution Plan and the expenses for each class within each of the funds separately.
The Distribution Plan also recognizes that various service providers to the funds, such as the manager, may make payments for distribution-related expenses out of their own resources, including past profits, or payments received from the funds for other purposes, such as management fees, and that the funds’ distributor or Service Agents may from time to time use their own resources for distribution-related services, in addition to the fees paid under the Distribution Plan. The Distribution Plan specifically provides that, to the extent that such payments might be deemed to be indirect financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of the funds within the context of Rule 12b-1, then the payments are deemed to be authorized by the Distribution Plan, if permitted by applicable law.
As contemplated by the Distribution Plan, the distributor acts as an agent of each fund in connection with the offering of shares of the fund pursuant to the distribution agreement.
For the fiscal year end July 31, 2007, LMIS incurred distribution expenses for advertising, printing and mailing prospectuses, support services and overhead expenses and compensation to Service Agents and third parties as expressed in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Financial Consultant Compensation | | Third Party Service Fees | | Branch Expenses | | Marketing Expense | | Printing Expense | | Total Current Expense |
Core Bond Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | $ | 0 | | $ | 76,625 | | N/A | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 76,625 |
Class B | | $ | 94,046 | | $ | 25,298 | | N/A | | $ | 4,797 | | $ | 135 | | $ | 124,276 |
Class C | | $ | 39,518 | | $ | 43,499 | | N/A | | $ | 40,713 | | $ | 1,024 | | $ | 124,754 |
Class R | | $ | 0 | | $ | 87 | | N/A | | $ | 420 | | $ | 3 | | $ | 509 |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | $ | 0 | | $ | 252,200 | | N/A | | $ | 27,792 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 279,992 |
Class B | | $ | 268,020 | | $ | 55,631 | | N/A | | $ | 150,537 | | $ | 1,427 | | $ | 475,615 |
Class C | | $ | 36,777 | | $ | 125,794 | | N/A | | $ | 110,649 | | $ | 2,425 | | $ | 275,645 |
High Income Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | $ | 0 | | $ | 157,999 | | N/A | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 157,999 |
Class B | | $ | 432,107 | | $ | 75,258 | | N/A | | $ | 21,952 | | $ | 4,095 | | $ | 533,413 |
Class C | | $ | 66,009 | | $ | 178,056 | | N/A | | $ | 568,096 | | $ | 6,908 | | $ | 819,069 |
Municipal High Income Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | $ | 0 | | $ | 180,521 | | N/A | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 180,521 |
Class B | | $ | 112,474 | | $ | 12,127 | | N/A | | $ | 12,704 | | $ | 90 | | $ | 137,395 |
Class C | | $ | 95,844 | | $ | 39,198 | | N/A | | $ | 125,160 | | $ | 688 | | $ | 260,889 |
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For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, CGMI incurred distribution expenses for advertising, printing and mailing prospectuses, support services and overhead expense and compensation to Service Agents as expressed in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Financial Consultant Compensation | | Third Party Service Fees | | Branch Expenses | | Marketing Expense | | Printing Expense | | Total Current Expenses |
Core Bond Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | $ | 55,312 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 79,762 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 135,074 |
Class B | | $ | 23,061 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 34,061 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 57,122 |
Class C | | $ | 87,443 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 121,974 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 209,417 |
Class R | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | $ | 374,592 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 526,035 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 900,627 |
Class B | | $ | 72,787 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 101,505 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 174,292 |
Class C | | $ | 255,542 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 345,118 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 600,660 |
High Income Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | $ | 278,064 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 388,282 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 666,346 |
Class B | | $ | 117,571 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 165,755 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 283,326 |
Class C | | $ | 439,749 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 609,661 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 1,049,410 |
Municipal High Income Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | $ | 127,582 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 180,612 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 308,194 |
Class B | | $ | 18,903 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 26,461 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 45,364 |
Class C | | $ | 45,020 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 60,881 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 105,901 |
For the fiscal year end July 31, 2007, PFS incurred distribution expenses for advertising, printing and mailing prospectuses, support services and overhead expense and compensation to Service Agents as expressed in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fund | | Financial Consultant Compensation | | Third Party Service Fees | | Branch Expenses | | Marketing Expense | | Printing Expense | | Total Current Expense |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A | | $ | 135,899 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 129,029 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 264,928 |
Class B | | $ | 152,413 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 42,731 | | $ | 5,665 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 200,809 |
Dealer reallowances are described in each fund’s prospectus.
Under its terms, the Distribution Plan continues in effect for one year and thereafter for successive annual periods, provided such continuance is approved annually by vote of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Plan. The Distribution Plan may not be amended to increase the amount of the service and distribution fees without shareholder approval, and all amendments of the Distribution Plan also must be approved by the Trustees, including all of the Independent Trustees, in the manner described above. The Distribution Plan may be terminated with respect to a class at any time, without penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or, with respect to each fund, by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of that fund (as defined in the 1940 Act).
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Sales Charges
The following expenses were incurred during the periods indicated:
Initial Sales Charges
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Class A(1) | |
| | CGMI and LMIS | |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: | |
Fund | | 2005(2) | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 274,349 | | $ | 29,361 | | $ | 103,648 | (3) |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 104,734 | | $ | 24,227 | | $ | 75,747 | (4) |
High Income Fund | | $ | 206,977 | | $ | 32,957 | | $ | 111,939 | (5) |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 99,595 | | $ | 14,301 | | $ | 239,287 | (6) |
| |
| | PFS | |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: | |
Fund | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 654,846 | | $ | 212,407 | | $ | 689,977 | |
(1) | As of November 20, 2006, the initial sales charges schedule on purchases of Class A shares changed. |
(2) | All initial sales charges paid during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2005 were paid to CGMI. |
(3) | With respect to the Core Bond Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $13,724 was paid to LMIS and $89,924 was paid to CGMI. |
(4) | With respect to the Diversified Strategic Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $9,519 was paid to LMIS and $66,228 was paid to CGMI. |
(5) | With respect to the High Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $12,785 was paid to LMIS and $99,154 was paid to CGMI. |
(6) | With respect to the Municipal High Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $18,652 was paid to LMIS and $220,635 was paid to CGMI. |
Contingent Deferred Sales Charges
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Class A | |
| | CGMI and LMIS | |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: | |
Fund | | 2005(1) | | 2006 | | | 2007 | |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 11,619 | | $ | 275 | | | $ | 286 | (2) |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 682 | | $ | 27 | | | $ | 471 | (3) |
High Income Fund | | $ | 9,406 | | $ | 352 | | | $ | 295 | (4) |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 29,430 | (5) |
(1) | All contingent deferred sales charges paid during the fiscal year ended July 31 2005 were paid to CGMI. |
(2) | With respect to the Core Bond Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $286 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
(3) | With respect to the Diversified Strategic Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $471 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
(4) | With respect to the High Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $295 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
(5) | With respect to the Municipal High Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $29,430 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Class A |
| | PFS |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: |
Fund | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 2,652 |
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| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Class B | |
| | CGMI and LMIS | |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: | |
Fund | | 2005(1) | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 161,738 | | $ | 33,421 | | $ | 85,491 | (2) |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 246,394 | | $ | 49,746 | | $ | 108,266 | (3) |
High Income Fund | | $ | 680,829 | | $ | 145,901 | | $ | 259,806 | (4) |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 79,000 | | $ | 19,996 | | $ | 44,426 | (5) |
(1) | All contingent deferred sales charges paid during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2005 were paid to CGMI. |
(2) | With respect to the Core Bond Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $85,491 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
(3) | With respect to the Diversified Strategic Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $108,266 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
(4) | With respect to the High Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $259,806 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
(5) | With respect to the Municipal High Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $44,426 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | PFS | |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: | |
Fund | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | | $75,786 | | $26,056 | | | $61,227 | |
| |
| | Class C | |
| | CGMI and LMIS | |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: | |
Fund | | 2005{1} | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 6,000 | | $1,916 | | $ | 4,640 | (2) |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 7,906 | | $1,209 | | $ | 1,676 | (3) |
High Income Fund | | $ | 20,990 | | $1,776 | | $ | 12,825 | (4) |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 494 | | $1,200 | | $ | 11,453 | (5) |
(1) | All contingent deferred sales charges paid during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2005 were paid to CGMI. |
(2) | With respect to the Core Bond Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $4,640 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
(3) | With respect to the Diversified Strategic Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $1,676 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
(4) | With respect to the High Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $12,825 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
(5) | With respect to the Municipal High Income Fund, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2007, $11,453 was paid to LMIS and $0 was paid to CGMI. |
Service and Distribution Plan Fees
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Class A |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: |
Fund | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 172,679 | | $ | 204,812 | | $ | 260,064 |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 1,473,612 | | $ | 1,418,448 | | $ | 1,409,011 |
High Income Fund | | $ | 1,082,456 | | $ | 922,604 | | $ | 863,710 |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 419,257 | | $ | 399,903 | | $ | 510,546 |
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| | | | | | | | | |
| | Class B |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: |
Fund | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 648,916 | | $ | 493,189 | | $ | 325,655 |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 2,070,935 | | $ | 1,376,109 | | $ | 931,523 |
High Income Fund | | $ | 2,407,311 | | $ | 1,664,989 | | $ | 1,150,003 |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 365,058 | | $ | 302,301 | | $ | 263,044 |
| |
| | Class C |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: |
Fund | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 |
Core Bond Fund | | $ | 389,327 | | $ | 367,883 | | $ | 375,452 |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 942,730 | | $ | 829,468 | | $ | 817,247 |
High Income Fund | | $ | 1,537,146 | | $ | 1,148,008 | | $ | 1,348,892 |
Municipal High Income Fund | | $ | 170,389 | | $ | 166,680 | | $ | 294,242 |
| |
| | Class R |
| | For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31: |
Fund | | | | 2007 | | |
Core Bond Fund | | | | | $ | 138 | | | |
VALUATION OF SHARES
The net asset value per share of each class is calculated on each day, Monday through Friday, except days on which the NYSE is closed. The NYSE currently is scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas, and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of these holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Because of the differences in distribution fees and class-specific expenses, the per share net asset value of each class may differ. Please see each fund’s prospectus for a description of procedures used by the fund in valuing its assets.
TAXES
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal (and, where noted, state and local) income tax considerations affecting each fund and its shareholders. The discussion is very general. Each current and prospective shareholder is therefore urged to consult his own tax adviser with respect to the specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in a fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
The Funds and Their Investments
Each fund will be treated as a separate taxpayer for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Each fund has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify each year, as a “regulated investment company” or “RIC” under Subchapter M of the Code. To so qualify, a fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities, foreign currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies or net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than
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partnerships that derives 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditional permitted mutual fund income); and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the fund’s assets is represented by cash, securities of other regulated investment companies, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, any two or more issuers that the fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships.”
A fund’s investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly traded partnerships, may result in that fund being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
As a regulated investment company, a fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., generally, the taxable income of a RIC other than its net capital gain, plus or minus certain other adjustments), and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. Each fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders.
On July 31, 2007, the unused capital loss carryforwards, by fund, were approximately as follows: Core Bond Fund, $2,664,841 Diversified Strategic Income Fund, $323,929,098; High Income Fund, $655,556,449 and Municipal High Income Fund, $63,100,052. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, these amounts are available to be applied against future capital gains, if any, realized by the fund that has the carryforwards prior to the expiration of the applicable carryforward. The carryforwards expire as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | 2014 |
Core Bond Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,664,841 | | | |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | $ | 64,084,372 | | $ | 100,900,760 | | $ | 120,890,366 | | $ | 38,053,600 | | | | | | | | | |
High Income Fund | | $ | 53,168,760 | | $ | 143,558,396 | | $ | 302,952,815 | | $ | 139,767,629 | | $ | 16,108,849 | | | | | | |
Municipal High Income Fund | | | | | | | | $ | 1,263,689 | | $ | 3,834,151 | | $ | 11,653,755 | | $ | 25,925,282 | | $ | 20,423,175 |
The Code imposes a 4% nondeductible excise tax on a fund to the extent it does not distribute by the end of any calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for that year and (ii) 98% of its capital gain net income (both long-term and short-term) for the one-year period ending, as a general rule, on October 31 of that year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each fund anticipates that it will pay such dividends and will make such distributions as are necessary in order to avoid the application of this excise tax.
If, in any taxable year, a fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code or fails to meet the distribution requirement, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the fund in computing its taxable income. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, the fund’s distributions, including distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividend income for federal income tax purposes to the extent of the fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits. However, such dividends would be eligible, subject to any generally applicable limitations (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the
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case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if a fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a regulated investment company. If a fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.
A fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, foreign currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on foreign currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the fund, and defer fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require a fund to “mark-to-market” certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause a fund to recognize income prior to the receipt of cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. In order to distribute this income and avoid a tax on the applicable fund, that fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss. Each fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon securities, foreign currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the fund as a regulated investment company.
A fund’s investment in so-called “section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most foreign currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most stock indices, are subject to special tax rules. All section 1256 contracts held by a fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the fund from positions in section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” or part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year).
A fund may be required to treat amounts as taxable income or gain, subject to the distribution requirements referred to above, even though no corresponding amounts of cash are received concurrently, as a result of (1) mark-to-market, constructive sale or rules applicable to PFICs (as defined below) or partnerships or trusts in which the fund invests or to certain options, futures or forward contracts, or “appreciated financial positions” or (2) the inability to obtain cash distributions or other amounts due to currency controls or restrictions on repatriation imposed by a foreign country with respect to the fund’s investments (including through depositary receipts) in issuers in such country or (3) tax rules applicable to debt obligations acquired with “original issue discount,” including zero-coupon or deferred payment bonds and pay-in-kind debt obligations, or to market discount if an election is made with respect to such market discount. In order to distribute this income and avoid
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a tax on the applicable fund, that fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss. A fund might also meet the distribution requirements by borrowing the necessary cash, thereby incurring interest expenses.
Foreign Investments. Dividends or other income (including, in some cases, capital gains) received by a fund from investments in foreign securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. The funds do not expect to be eligible to elect to treat any foreign taxes they pay as paid by their shareholders. If a fund is not eligible, its shareholders will not be entitled to credits for such taxes on their own tax returns. Foreign taxes paid by a fund will reduce the return from the fund’s investments.
Under Section 988 of the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, gains or losses on foreign currency, foreign currency forward contracts, certain foreign currency options or futures contracts and the disposition of debt securities denominated in foreign currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies. If a fund purchases shares in certain foreign investment entities, called “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”), it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
If a fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to distribute this income and avoid a tax on the applicable fund, that fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss. In order to make the “qualified electing fund” election, the fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, a fund may make a mark-to-market election that will result in the fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased all of the PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years of the fund, unless revoked with the consent of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”). By making the election, a fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The fund may have to distribute such excess income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax. In order to distribute this income and avoid a tax on the applicable fund, that fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss.
Each of the funds will make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effect of these rules.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders
Dividends and Distributions. Dividends and other distributions by a fund are generally treated under the Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or
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distribution declared by a fund in October, November or December to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month which is actually paid during the following January shall be deemed to have been paid by the fund and received by each shareholder on December 31 of the year in which the dividend is declared.
Each fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income, and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (currently at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the fund upon timely filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a fund designates as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares, and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the fund. Such distributions will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. All other dividends of a fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income.
Special rules, however, apply to regular dividends paid to individuals. Such a dividend, with respect to taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, may be subject to tax at the rates generally applicable to long-term capital gains for individuals (currently at a maximum rate of 15%), provided that the individual receiving the dividend satisfies certain holding period and other requirements. Dividends subject to these special rules are not actually treated as capital gains, however, and thus are not included in the computation of an individual’s net capital gain and generally cannot be used to offset capital losses. The long-term capital gains rates will apply to the portion of the regular dividends paid by a fund to an individual in a particular taxable year that is attributable to qualified dividend income received by the fund in that taxable year if such qualified dividend income accounts for less than 95% of the fund’s gross income (ignoring gains attributable to the sale of stocks and securities except to the extent net short-term capital gain from such sales exceeds net long-term capital loss from such sales) for that taxable year. For this purpose, “qualified dividend income” generally means income from dividends received by a fund from U.S. corporations and qualified foreign corporations, provided that the fund satisfies certain holding period requirements in respect of the stock of such corporations and has not hedged its position in the stock in certain ways. However, qualified dividend income does not include any dividends received from tax-exempt corporations. Also, dividends received by a fund from a REIT or another regulated investment company generally are qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are made out of qualified dividend income received by such a REIT or other regulated investment company. In the case of securities lending transactions, payments in lieu of dividends are not qualified dividend income. If a shareholder elects to treat fund dividends as investment income for purposes of the limitation on the deductibility of investment interest, such dividends would not be qualified dividend income.
Each fund or your Service Agent will send you information after the end of each year setting forth the amount of dividends paid by us that are eligible for the reduced rates.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital
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loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period or (ii) in an amount greater than or equal to 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in his shares of the fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds his shares of the fund as capital assets). Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive, and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by a fund that are attributable to dividends received by the fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the federal dividends-received deduction for corporations.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares just purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a fund is the holder of record of any stock on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such stock, such dividends will be included in the fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such stock became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the stock would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends) or (b) the date the fund acquired such stock. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
On May 21, 2007, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal in Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis, a case concerning the validity of statutes that create a state tax exemption for interest from municipal securities. The Kentucky Court of Appeals had held that Kentucky’s statute, which provided an exemption for interest earned on municipal securities of Kentucky issuers while taxing interest earned on municipal securities of issuers in other states, violated the Interstate Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. If the Supreme Court were to adopt the reasoning of the Kentucky Court of Appeals, its decision would affect the state tax status of fund distributions. It is unclear how such a decision would affect the market for municipal securities, but it could adversely affect the value of securities held by the fund, and therefore the value of the fund’s shares. Such a decision could also prompt legislation at the state level that would have further impacts upon the taxability of fund distributions and upon the market for municipal securities. The case was argued before the Supreme Court on November 5, 2007, but no decision has yet been issued.
Sales of Shares. Upon the sale or exchange of his shares, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and his or her basis in the shares. A redemption of shares by a fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the fund, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of a fund share held by the shareholder for six months or fewer will be disallowed to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends received by the shareholder with respect to such shares and, to the extent not disallowed, will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder (or amounts credited to the shareholder as an undistributed capital gain) with respect to such shares.
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If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a fund and disposes of those shares within 90 days and then acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain or loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis in the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents a shareholder from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting his or her investment within a family of mutual funds.
Municipal High Income Fund. Exempt-interest dividends paid by Municipal High Income Fund are exempt from regular federal income taxes. Because the fund will distribute exempt-interest dividends, interest on indebtedness incurred by shareholders, directly or indirectly, to purchase or carry shares of the fund will not be deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As discussed above, if a shareholder redeems or exchanges shares of the fund with respect to which he receives an exempt-interest dividend before holding the shares for more than six months, no loss will be allowed on the redemption or exchange to the extent of the exempt-interest dividend received. Also, that portion of any dividend from the fund which represents income from private activity bonds (other than those issued for charitable, educational and certain other purposes) held by the fund may not retain its tax-exempt status in the hands of a shareholder who is a “substantial user” of a facility financed by such bonds or a person “related” to such substantial user. Some or all of the exempt-interest dividends distributed by a fund may be a specific preference item, or a component of an adjustment item, for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. Investors receiving social security or railroad retirement benefits should be aware that exempt-interest dividends received from the fund may under certain circumstances cause up to one-half of such retirement benefits to be subject to federal income tax. In addition, receipt of dividends and distributions from the fund may affect the federal “excess net passive income” tax liability of a shareholder of a Subchapter S corporation. If the fund receives taxable investment income, it will designate as taxable the same percentage of each dividend as the fund’s actual taxable income bears to the total investment income earned by the fund during the period for which the dividend is paid. Therefore, the percentage of each dividend designated as taxable, if any, may vary.
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers as to whether they are (i) “substantial users” with respect to a facility or “related” to such users within the meaning of the Code or (ii) subject to a federal alternative minimum tax or the federal “excess net passive income” tax.
Backup Withholding. A fund may be required to withhold federal income tax at the rate of 28% (“backup withholding”) from dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds payable to non-corporate shareholders who fail to provide the fund with their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have already been subject to the 30% withholding tax described below under “Non-U.S. Shareholders.”
Notices. Shareholders will receive, if appropriate, various written notices after the close of a fund’s taxable year regarding the U.S. federal income tax status of certain dividends, distributions and deemed distributions that were paid (or that are treated as having been paid) by the fund to its shareholders during the preceding taxable year.
Other Taxes. Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not
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excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Non-U.S. Shareholders
Dividends by a fund paid to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be determined in accordance with any applicable treaty) on ordinary dividends and other payments that are subject to such withholding. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide any IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to backup withholding at the appropriate rate.
In general, United States federal withholding tax will not apply to any gain or income realized by a non-U.S. shareholder in respect of any distributions of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, exempt-interest dividends or upon the sale or other disposition of shares of the fund.
For fund taxable years beginning before January 1, 2008, the 30% withholding tax will not apply to dividends that a fund designates as (a) interest-related dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from a fund’s “qualified net interest income,” or (b) short-term capital gain dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from a fund’s “qualified short-term gain.” “Qualified net interest income” is a fund’s net income derived from interest and from original issue discount, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. “Qualified short-term gain” generally means the excess of the net short-term capital gain of a fund for the taxable year over its net long-term capital loss, if any. The funds currently do not expect to designate any distributions as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends.” In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form).
Special rules apply to foreign persons who receive distributions from the fund that are attributable to gain from “U.S. real property interests” (“USRPIs”). The Code defines USRPIs to include direct holdings of U.S. real property and any interest (other than an interest solely as a creditor) in domestic corporations that are “U.S. real property holding corporations” during a specified time period. The Code defines a U.S. real property holding corporation as any corporation if the fair market value of its USRPIs equals or exceed 50% of the fair market value of the sum of its USRPIs, its interests in real property located outside of the U.S., and any other of its assets used or held for use in a trade or business. For this purpose, an interest in a foreign corporation may be a USRPI. In general, the distribution of gains from USRPIs to foreign shareholders is subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding at a rate of 35% and obligates such foreign shareholder to file a U.S. tax return. To the extent a distribution to a foreign shareholder is attributable to gains from the sale or exchange of USRPIs recognized by a REIT or (for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2008) a RIC, the Code treats that gain as the distribution of gain from a USRPI to a foreign shareholder, which would be subject to U.S. withholding tax of 35% and would result in U.S. tax filing obligations for the foreign shareholder.
However, a foreign shareholder achieves a different result with respect to the gains from the sale of USRPIs if the REIT or RIC is less than 50% owned by foreign persons at all times during the testing period, or if such gain is realized from the sale of any class of stock in a REIT which is regularly traded on an established US securities market and the REIT shareholder owned less than 5% of such class of stock at all times during the taxable year. In such event, the gains are treated as dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder.
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The foregoing is only a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences (and, where noted, state and local tax consequences) affecting the funds and their shareholders. Prospective shareholders are advised to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in a fund.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Trust
The certificate of trust to establish Legg Mason Partners Income Trust (referred to in this section as the trust) was filed with the State of Maryland on October 4, 2006. On April 16, 2007, each fund was redomiciled as a series of the trust. Prior to the date hereof, each fund was a series of Legg Mason Partners Income Funds, a Massachusetts business trust.
Each of the funds is a series of the trust, a Maryland business trust. A Maryland business trust is an unincorporated business association that is established under, and governed by, Maryland law. Maryland law provides a statutory framework for the powers, duties, rights and obligations of the board of trustees (referred to in this section as the trustees) and shareholders of the trust, while the more specific powers, duties, rights and obligations of the trustees and the shareholders are determined by the trustees as set forth in the trust’s declaration of trust (referred to in this section as the declaration). Some of the more significant provisions of the declaration are described below.
Shareholder Voting. The declaration provides for shareholder voting as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable laws but otherwise permits, consistent with Maryland law, actions by the trustees without seeking the consent of shareholders. The trustees may, without shareholder approval, amend the declaration or authorize the merger or consolidation of the trust into another trust or entity, reorganize the trust, or any series or class into another trust or entity or a series or class of another entity, sell all or substantially all of the assets of the trust or any series or class to another entity, or a series or class of another entity, or terminate the trust or any series or class.
None of the funds is required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders, but each of the funds will call special meetings of shareholders whenever required by the 1940 Act or by the terms of the declaration. The declaration provides for “dollar-weighted voting” which means that a shareholder’s voting power is determined, not by the number of shares he or she owns, but by the dollar value of those shares determined on the record date. All shareholders of all series and classes of the trust vote together, except where required by the 1940 Act to vote separately by series or by class, or when the trustees have determined that a matter affects only the interests of one or more series or classes of shares.
Election and Removal of Trustees. The declaration provides that the trustees may establish the number of trustees and that vacancies on the board may be filled by the remaining trustees, except when election of trustees by the shareholders is required under the 1940 Act. Trustees are then elected by a plurality of votes cast by shareholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present. The declaration also provides that a mandatory retirement age may be set by action of two-thirds of the trustees and that trustees may be removed, with or without cause, by a vote of shareholders holding two-thirds of the voting power of the trust, or by a vote of two-thirds of the remaining trustees. The provisions of the declaration relating to the election and removal of trustees may not be amended without the approval of two-thirds of the trustees.
Amendments to the Declaration. The trustees are authorized to amend the declaration without the vote of shareholders, but no amendment may be made that impairs the exemption from personal liability granted in the declaration to persons who are or have been shareholders, trustees, officers or, employees of the trust or that limit the rights to indemnification or insurance provided in the declaration with respect to actions or omissions of persons entitled to indemnification under the declaration prior to the amendment.
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Issuance and Redemption of Shares. Each of the funds may issue an unlimited number of shares for such consideration and on such terms as the trustees may determine. Shareholders are not entitled to any appraisal, preemptive, conversion, exchange or similar rights, except as the trustees may determine. Each of the funds may involuntarily redeem a shareholder’s shares upon certain conditions as may be determined by the trustees, including, for example, if the shareholder fails to provide a fund with identification required by law, or if a fund is unable to verify the information received from the shareholder. Additionally, as discussed below, shares may be redeemed in connection with the closing of small accounts.
Disclosure of Shareholder Holdings. The declaration specifically requires shareholders, upon demand, to disclose to the applicable fund information with respect to the direct and indirect ownership of shares in order to comply with various laws or regulations, and a fund may disclose such ownership if required by law or regulation.
Small Accounts. The declaration provides that a fund may close out a shareholder’s account by redeeming all of the shares in the account if the account falls below a minimum account size (which may vary by class) that may be set by the trustees from time to time. Alternately, the declaration permits a fund to assess a fee for small accounts (which may vary by class) and redeem shares in the account to cover such fees, or convert the shares into another share class that is geared to smaller accounts.
Series and Classes. The declaration provides that the trustees may establish series and classes in addition to those currently established and to determine the rights and preferences, limitations and restrictions, including qualifications for ownership, conversion and exchange features, minimum purchase and account size, expenses and charges, and other features of the series and classes. The trustees may change any of those features, terminate any series or class, combine series with other series in the trust, combine one or more classes of a series with another class in that series or convert the shares of one class into another class. Each share of each of the funds, as a series of the trust, represents an interest in the fund only and not in the assets of any other series of the trust.
Shareholder, Trustee and Officer Liability. The declaration provides that shareholders are not personally liable for the obligations of a fund and requires the fund to indemnify a shareholder against any loss or expense arising from any such liability. In addition, the fund will assume the defense of any claim against a shareholder for personal liability at the request of the shareholder. The declaration further provides that a trustee acting in his or her capacity of trustee is not personally liable to any person other than the trust or its shareholders, for any act, omission, or obligation of the trust. Further, a trustee is held to the same standard of conduct as a director of a Maryland corporation. This requires that a trustee perform his or her duties in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the trust or a series thereof, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. The declaration also permits the limitation of a trustee’s liability to the full extent provided under Maryland law.
Under current Maryland law, a trustee is liable to the trust or its shareholders for monetary damages only (a) to the extent that it is proved that he or she actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property, or services or (b) to the extent that a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the trustee is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding that the trustee’s action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding. The declaration requires the trust to indemnify any persons who are or who have been trustees, officers or employees of the trust for any liability for actions or failure to act except to the extent prohibited by applicable federal law. In making any determination as to whether any person is entitled to the advancement of expenses in connection with a claim for which indemnification is sought, such person is entitled to a rebuttable presumption that he or she did not engage in conduct for which indemnification is not available.
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The declaration provides that any trustee who serves as chair of the board or of a committee of the board, lead independent trustee, or audit committee financial expert, or in any other similar capacity will not be subject to any greater standard of care or liability because of such position.
Derivative Actions. The declaration provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative actions by shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to the fund or its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a demand by three unrelated shareholders must first be made on the fund’s trustees. The declaration details various information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgements that must be included in the demand. Following receipt of the demand, the trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by an additional 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the trustees who are considered independent for the purposes of considering the demand determine that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of a fund, the trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the fund. The declaration further provides that shareholders owning shares representing at least 5% of the voting power of the affected fund must join in bringing the derivative action. If a demand is rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by a fund in connection with the consideration of the demand, if in the judgment of the independent trustees, the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is brought in violation of the declaration, the shareholders bringing the action may be responsible for the fund’s costs, including attorneys’ fees.
The declaration further provides that the fund shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining shareholder only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that a fund is obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. The declaration also requires that actions by shareholders against the fund be brought only in federal court in Baltimore, Maryland, or if not permitted to be brought in federal court, then in state court in Baltimore, Maryland, and that the right to jury trial be waived to the full extent permitted by law.
Annual and Semi-Annual Reports
Each fund sends its shareholders a semi-annual report and an audited annual report, which include listings of investment securities held by the fund at the end of the period covered. In an effort to reduce the funds’ printing and mailing costs, each fund consolidates the mailing of its semi-annual and annual reports by household. This consolidation means that a household having multiple accounts with the identical address of record will receive a single copy of each report. In addition, each fund also consolidates the mailing of its prospectus so that a shareholder having multiple accounts (that is, individual, IRA and/or Self-Employed Retirement Plan accounts) will receive a single prospectus annually. Shareholders who do not want this consolidation to apply to their accounts should contact their Service Agent or the transfer agent.
Legal Matters
Beginning in June 2004, class action lawsuits alleging violations of the federal securities laws were filed against CGMI and a number of its then affiliates, including SBFM, which were then investment adviser or manager to certain of the funds (the “Managers”), substantially all of the mutual funds then managed by the Managers (the “Defendant Funds”), and Board Members of the Defendant Funds (collectively, the “Defendants”). The complaints alleged, among other things, that CGMI created various undisclosed incentives for its brokers to sell Smith Barney and Salomon Brothers funds. In addition, according to the complaints, the Managers caused the Defendant Funds to pay excessive brokerage commissions to CGMI for steering clients towards proprietary funds. The complaints also alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duty to the Defendant Funds by
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improperly charging Rule 12b-1 fees and by drawing on fund assets to make undisclosed payments of soft dollars and excessive brokerage commissions. The complaints also alleged that the Defendant Funds failed to adequately disclose certain of the allegedly wrongful conduct. The complaints sought injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, rescission of the Defendant Funds’ contracts with the Managers, recovery of all fees paid to the Managers pursuant to such contracts and an award of attorneys’ fees and litigation expenses.
On December 15, 2004, a consolidated amended complaint (the “Complaint”) was filed alleging substantially similar causes of action. On May 27, 2005, all of the Defendants filed motions to dismiss the Complaint. On July 26, 2006, the court issued a decision and order (1) finding that plaintiffs lacked standing to sue on behalf of the shareholders of the Defendant Funds in which none of the plaintiffs had invested, including Core Bond Fund and Municipal High Income Fund, and dismissing those Defendant Funds from the case (although stating that they could be brought back into the case if standing as to them could be established), and (2) other than one stayed claim, dismissing all of the causes of action against the remaining Defendants, with prejudice, except for the cause of action under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act, which the court granted plaintiffs leave to replead as a derivative claim.
On October 16, 2006, plaintiffs filed their Second Consolidated Amended Complaint (“Second Amended Complaint”) which alleges derivative claims on behalf of nine funds identified in the Second Amended Complaint under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act, against Citigroup Asset Management, Salomon Brothers Asset Management Inc, SBFM and CGMI as investment advisers to the identified funds, as well as CGMI as a distributor for the identified funds (collectively, the “Second Amended Complaint Defendants”). None of the funds was identified in the Second Amended Complaint. The Second Amended Complaint alleges no claims against any of the Funds or any of their Board Members. Under Section 36(b), the Second Amended Complaint alleges similar facts and seeks similar relief against the Second Amended Complaint Defendants as the Complaint. The Defendants have filed a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint. It is uncertain when the court will decide the motion. No assurances can be given as to the outcome of the matter.
Additional lawsuits arising out of these circumstances and presenting similar allegations and requests for relief may be filed against the Defendant Funds in the future.
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On May 31, 2005, the SEC issued an order in connection with the settlement of an administrative proceeding against SBFM, the then-investment adviser or manager to the funds, and CGMI, relating to the appointment of an affiliated transfer agent for the Smith Barney family of mutual funds, including the funds (the “Affected Funds”).
The SEC order found that SBFM and CGMI willfully violated Section 206(1) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Advisers Act”). Specifically, the order found that SBFM and CGMI knowingly or recklessly failed to disclose to the boards of the Affected Funds in 1999 when proposing a new transfer agent arrangement with an affiliated transfer agent that: First Data Investors Services Group (“First Data”), the Affected Funds’ then-existing transfer agent, had offered to continue as transfer agent and do the same work for substantially less money than before; and that CAM, the Citigroup business unit that, at the time, included the Affected Funds’ investment manager and other investment advisory companies, had entered into a side letter with First Data under which CAM agreed to recommend the appointment of First Data as sub-transfer agent to the affiliated transfer agent in exchange for, among other things, a guarantee by First Data of specified amounts of asset management and investment banking fees to CAM and CGMI. The order also found that SBFM and CGMI willfully violated Section 206(2) of the Advisers Act by virtue of the omissions discussed above and other misrepresentations and omissions in the materials provided to the Affected Funds’ boards, including the failure to make clear that the affiliated transfer agent would earn a high profit for performing limited functions while First Data continued to perform almost all of the transfer agent functions, and the suggestion that the proposed arrangement was in the Affected Funds’ best interests and that no viable alternatives existed. SBFM and CGMI do not admit or deny any wrongdoing or liability. The settlement does not establish wrongdoing or liability for purposes of any other proceeding.
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The SEC censured SBFM and CGMI and ordered them to cease and desist from violations of Sections 206(1) and 206(2) of the Advisers Act. The order required Citigroup to pay $208.1 million, including $109 million in disgorgement of profits, $19.1 million in interest, and a civil money penalty of $80 million. Approximately $24.4 million has already been paid to the Affected Funds, primarily through fee waivers. The remaining $183.7 million, including the penalty, has been paid to the U.S. Treasury and will be distributed pursuant to a plan submitted for the approval of the SEC. At this time, there is no certainty as to how the above-described proceeds of the settlement will be distributed, to whom such distributions will be made, the methodology by which such distributions will be allocated, and when such distributions will be made. The order also required that transfer agency fees received from the Affected Funds since December 1, 2004, less certain expenses, be placed in escrow and provided that a portion of such fees might be subsequently distributed in accordance with the terms of the order. On April 3, 2006, an aggregate amount of approximately $9 million held in escrow was distributed to the Affected Funds.
The order required SBFM to recommend a new transfer agent contract to the Affected Funds’ boards within 180 days of the entry of the order; if a Citigroup affiliate submitted a proposal to serve as transfer agent or sub-transfer agent, SBFM and CGMI would have been required, at their expense, to engage an independent monitor to oversee a competitive bidding process. On November 21, 2005, and within the specified timeframe, the Affected Funds’ Boards selected a new transfer agent for the Affected Funds. No Citigroup affiliate submitted a proposal to serve as transfer agent. Under the order, SBFM also must comply with an amended version of a vendor policy that Citigroup instituted in August 2004.
Although there can be no assurance, the manager does not believe that this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Affected Funds.
On December 1, 2005, Citigroup completed the sale of substantially all of its global asset management business, including SBFM, to Legg Mason.
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Beginning in August 2005, five class action lawsuits alleging violations of federal securities laws and state law were filed against CGMI and SBFM (collectively, the “Defendants”) based on the May 31, 2005 settlement order issued against the Defendants by the SEC as described above. The complaints seek injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, removal of SBFM as the investment manager for the Smith Barney family of funds, rescission of the funds’ management and other contracts with SBFM, recovery of all fees paid to SBFM pursuant to such contracts, and an award of attorneys’ fees and litigation expenses.
On October 5, 2005, a motion to consolidate the five actions and any subsequently filed, related action was filed. That motion contemplates that a consolidated amended complaint alleging substantially similar causes of action will be filed in the future.
On September 26, 2007, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued an order dismissing the consolidated complaint.
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As previously disclosed, on September 16, 2005 the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission informed Smith Barney Fund Management LLC (“SBFM”) and Salomon Brothers Asset Management (“SBAM”), that the staff was considering recommending administrative proceedings against SBFM and SBAM for alleged violations of Section 19(a) and 34(b) of the Investment Company Act (and related Rule 19a-1). On
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September 27, 2007, SBFM and SBAM, without admitting or denying any findings therein, consented to the entry of an order by the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the disclosure by certain other funds that are closed-end funds of the sources of distributions paid by the funds between 2001 and 2004. Each of SBFM and SBAM agreed to pay a fine of $450,000, for which it was indemnified by Citigroup, Inc., its former parent. It is not expected that this matter will adversely impact the funds or their current investment adviser.
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On or about May 30, 2006, John Halebian, a purported shareholder of Citi New York Tax Free Reserves, a series of Legg Mason Partners Money Market Trust, formerly a series of CitiFunds Trust III (the “Subject Trust”), filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the independent trustees of the Subject Trust (Elliott J. Berv, Donald M. Carlton, A. Benton Cocanougher, Mark T. Finn, Stephen Randolph Gross, Diana R. Harrington, Susan B. Kerley, Alan G. Merten and R. Richardson Pettit). The Subject Trust is also named in the complaint as a nominal defendant.
The complaint alleges both derivative claims on behalf of the Subject Trust and class claims on behalf of a putative class of shareholders of the Subject Trust in connection with the 2005 sale of Citigroup’s asset management business to Legg Mason and the related approval of new investment advisory agreements by the trustees and shareholders. In the derivative claim, the plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the independent trustees breached their fiduciary duty to the Subject Trust and its shareholders by failing to negotiate lower fees or seek competing bids from other qualified investment advisers in connection with Citigroup’s sale to Legg Mason. In the claims brought on behalf of the putative class of shareholders, the plaintiff alleges that the independent trustees violated the proxy solicitation requirements of the 1940 Act, and breached their fiduciary duty to shareholders, by virtue of the voting procedures, including “echo voting,” used to obtain approval of the new investment advisory agreements and statements made in a proxy statement regarding those voting procedures. The plaintiff alleges that the proxy statement was misleading because it failed to disclose that the voting procedures violated the 1940 Act. The relief sought includes an award of damages, rescission of the advisory agreement, and an award of costs and attorney fees.
In advance of filing the complaint, Mr. Halebian’s lawyers made written demand for relief on the Board of the Subject Trust, and the Board’s independent trustees formed a demand review committee to investigate the matters raised in the demand, and subsequently in the complaint, and recommend a course of action to the Board. The committee, after a thorough review, has determined that the independent trustees did not breach their fiduciary duties as alleged by Mr. Halebian, and that the action demanded by Mr. Halebian would not be in the best interests of the Subject Trust. The Board of the Subject Trust (the trustee who is an “interested person” of the Subject Trust, within the meaning of the 1940 Act, having recused himself from the matter), after receiving and considering the committee’s report and based upon the findings of the committee, subsequently also has so determined and, adopting the recommendation of the committee, has directed counsel to move to dismiss Mr. Halebian’s complaint. A motion to dismiss was filed on October 23, 2006. Opposition papers were filed on or about December 7, 2006. The complaint was dismissed on July 31, 2007. Mr. Halebian has filed a notice of appeal.
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The foregoing speaks only as of the date of this SAI. Additional lawsuits presenting allegations and requests for relief arising out of or in connection with any of the foregoing matters may be filed against these and related parties in the future.
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FUND SHARES
The funds offer shares currently classified into classes as follows:
| | | |
Fund | | Classes Currently Offered | |
Core Bond Fund** | | A, B, C and R | |
Diversified Strategic Income Fund | | A, B, C and I | * |
High Income Fund*** | | A, B, C and I | * |
Municipal High Income Fund | | A, B, C and I | * |
* | As of November 20, 2006, Class Y shares were renamed Class I shares. |
** | Effective June 18, 2007, Core Bond Fund’s Class I shares were closed to all purchases and incoming exchanges. |
*** | Effective October 17, 2007, the fund’s Class I Shares will be closed to all new purchases and incoming exchanges. Investors owning Class I shares on that date will be permitted to continue to add to their Class I share positions. |
As of October 4, 2007, the following persons owned of record the amounts indicated of the shares of each fund:
| | | | | | | |
Fund | | Class | | Percent (%) | | | Name and Address |
CORE BOND FUND | | A | | 6.1634 | % | | CITISTREET RETIREMENT TRUST ACCOUNT CITIGROUP INSTITUTIONAL TRUST 400 ATRIUM DR SOMERSET NJ 08873-4172 |
| | | |
CORE BOND FUND | | R | | 100 | % | | CITISTREET RETIREMENT SERVICES CITIGROUP INSTITUTIONAL TRUST 400 ATRIUM DRIVE SOMERSET NJ 08873 |
| | | |
CORE BOND FUND | | C | | 10.779 | % | | MLPF&S FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DRIVE EAST 3RD FLOOR JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246 |
| | | |
| | | | 9.896 | % | | MORGAN STANLEY & CO INC ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS OPERATIONS HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA TWO 2ND FLOOR JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 |
| | | |
DIVERSIFIED STRATEGIC INCOME FUND | | A | | 15.469 | % | | PFPC BROKERAGE SERVICES MAIN OFFICE FBO PRIMERICA FINANCIAL SERVICES 760 MOORE ROAD KING OF PRUSSIA PA 19406 |
| | | |
| | A | | 6.775 | % | | CITISTREET RETIREMENT TRUST ACCOUNT: CITIGROUP INSTITUTIONAL TRUST 400 ATRIUM DR SOMERSET NJ 08873-4172 |
| | | |
| | B | | 24.985 | % | | PFPC BROKERAGE SERVICES MAIN OFFICE FBO PRIMERICA FINANCIAL SERVICES 760 MOORE ROAD KING OF PRUSSIA PA 19406 |
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| | | | | | | |
Fund | | Class | | Percent (%) | | | Name and Address |
| | I | | 37.070 | % | | SMITH BARNEY CHARITABLE INVESTMENT FUND BALANCED POOL ATTN: LAURIE HESSLEIN 388 GREENWICH STREET - 17 FL NEW YORK NY 10013-2375 |
| | | |
| | | | 27.622 | % | | LEGG MASON PARTNERS LIFESTYLE SERIES INC INCOME FD 125 BROAD ST NEW YORK NY 10004-2400 |
| | | |
| | | | 17.589 | % | | SMITH BARNEY CHARITABLE INVESTMENT FUND GROWTH POOL ATTN: LAURIE HESSLEIN 388 GREENWICH STREET - 17TH FL |
| | | |
| | | | 13.149 | % | | SMITH BARNEY CHARITABLE INVESTMENT FUND CONSERVATIVE POOL ATTN: LAURIE HESSLEIN 388 GREENWICH STREET - 17TH FL NEW YORK NY 10013-2375 |
| | | |
HIGH INCOME FUND | | A | | 6.259 | | | INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL INSTITUTION ATTN: CONTROLLER P O BOX 675828 RANCHO SANTA FE CA 92067-5828 |
| | | |
| | I | | 64.141 | % | | NATIONWIDE TRUST CO CUSTODIAN FOR LEGG MASON PROFIT SHARING AND 401K PLAN 98 SAN JACINTO BLVD STE 1100 AUSTIN TX 78701-4255 |
| | | |
MUNI HIGH INCOME FUND | | A | | 6.899 | % | | MLPF&S FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DRIVE EAST 3RD FLOOR JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246 |
| | | |
| | C | | 23.505 | % | | MLPF&S FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DRIVE EAST 3RD FLOOR JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246 |
| | | |
| | I | | 19.297 | % | | U/W/O MRS JANE B. STEINER 50TH FLOOR-ONE SHELL SQUARE MR. GENE FENDLER TTEE |
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements of each fund’s predecessor (for each fund, Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of July 31, 2007, Statement of Operations for the year ended July 31, 2007, Statements of Changes in Net Assets for each of the years in the two-year period ended July 31, 2007, Financial Highlights for each of the years in the five-year period ended July 31, 2007, and Notes to Financial Statements along with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, each of which is included in the Annual Report to Shareholders) are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The Annual Reports were filed on October 4, 2007, Accession Numbers:
Core Bond Fund—0001133228-07-000294
Diversified Strategic Income Fund—0001193125-07-213079
High Income Fund—0001193125-07-213350
Municipal High Income Fund—0001133228-07-000293
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APPENDIX A
Western Asset Management Company and Western Asset Management Company Limited
(together, “Western Asset” or the “Firm”)
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
Background
An investment adviser is required to adopt and implement policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The authority to vote the proxies of our clients is established through investment management agreements or comparable documents. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities have been established for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the investment manager.
Policy
As a fixed-income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.
While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).
In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset Management Company Limited) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.
Procedure
Responsibility and Oversight
The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.
Client Authority
At account start-up, or upon amendment of an IMA, the applicable client IMA are similarly reviewed. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Client Account Transition Team maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.
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Proxy Gathering
Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.
Proxy Voting
Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:
a. Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.
b. Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.
c. Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)
d. If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.
e. Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.
f. Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.
Timing
Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.
Recordkeeping
Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:
a. A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.
b. Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.
c. A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.
d. Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.
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e. A proxy log including:
1. Issuer name;
2. Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;
3. Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;
4. A brief identification of the matter voted on;
5. Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;
6. Whether a vote was cast on the matter;
7. A record of how the vote was cast; and
8. Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.
Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.
Disclosure
Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part II of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.
Conflicts of Interest
All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:
1. Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;
2. Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and
3. Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.
Voting Guidelines
Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.
Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.
I. Board Approved Proposals
The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate
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governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:
1. Matters relating to the Board of Directors
Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:
a. Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.
b. Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.
c. Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.
d. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.
2. Matters relating to Executive Compensation
Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:
a. Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.
b. Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.
c. Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.
d. Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.
3. Matters relating to Capitalization
The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.
a. Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.
b. Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).
c. Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.
4. Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions
Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.
5. Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures
Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:
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a. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.
b. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.
6. Other Business Matters
Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.
a. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.
b. Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.
II. Shareholder Proposals
SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:
1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.
2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.
3. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.
III. Voting Shares of Investment Companies
Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.
1. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.
2. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.
IV. Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers
In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers - i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.
1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.
2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.
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3. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.
4. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.
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APPENDIX B
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
The ratings of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group and Fitch Ratings represent their opinions as to the quality of various debt obligations. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, debt obligations with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while debt obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield. As described by the rating agencies, ratings are generally given to securities at the time of issuances. While the rating agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Long-Term Obligation Ratings:
Moody’s long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A—Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa—Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers “1”, “2” and “3” to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier “1” indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier “2” indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier “3” indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s US Municipal and Tax Exempt Ratings:
Municipal Ratings are opinions of the investment quality of issuers and issues in the US municipal and tax-exempt markets. As such, these ratings incorporate Moody’s assessment of the default probability and loss severity of these issuers and issues. The default and loss content for Moody’s municipal long-term rating scale differs from Moody’s general long-term rating scale. (Please refer to Corporate Equivalent Ratings under Policies and Procedures.)
Municipal Ratings are based upon the analysis of four primary factors relating to municipal finance: economy, debt, finances, and administration/management strategies. Each of the factors is evaluated individually and for its effect on the other factors in the context of the municipality’s ability to repay its debt.
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Municipal Long-Term Rating Definitions:
Aaa—Issuers or issues rated Aaa demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Aa—Issuers or issues rated Aa demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
A—Issuers or issues rated A present above-average creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Baa—Issuers or issues rated Baa represent average creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax- exempt issuers or issues.
Ba—Issuers or issues rated Ba demonstrate below-average creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
B—Issuers or issues rated B demonstrate weak creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax- exempt issuers or issues.
Caa—Issuers or issues rated Caa demonstrate very weak creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Ca—Issuers or issues rated Ca demonstrate extremely weak creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
C—Issuers or issues rated C demonstrate the weakest creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers “1”, “2” and “3” to each generic rating category from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier “1” indicates that the issuer or obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier “2” indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier “3” indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s US Municipal Short-Term Debt And Demand Obligation Ratings:
There are three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and are divided into three levels—”MIG 1” through “MIG 3.” In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated “SG,” or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation.
MIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
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Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Demand Obligation Ratings:
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating. When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG 1. VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.
VMIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Short-Term Prime Ratings:
Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers.
P-1—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings:
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations: (1) likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; (2) nature of and provisions of the obligation; and (3) protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.
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The issue rating definitions are expressed in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.
AAA—An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA—An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A—An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB—An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C—Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB—An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B—An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC—An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC—An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C—A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘C’ rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A ‘C’ also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.
D—An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard &
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Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings:
A-1—Short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2—Short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3—Short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B—A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B-1—A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-2—A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-3—A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
C—A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D—A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or Minus (–): The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (–) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
N.R.: This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
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Active Qualifiers (Currently applied and/or outstanding)
i: This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of interest are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of principal on the obligation. The ‘i’ subscript indicates that the rating addresses the interest portion of the obligation only. The ‘i’ subscript will always be used in conjunction with the ‘p’ subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of principal. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of “AAAp NRi” indicating that the principal portion is rated “AAA” and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.
L: Ratings qualified with ‘L’ apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.
p: This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The ‘p’ subscript indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only. The ‘p’ subscript will always be used in conjunction with the ‘i’ subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of interest. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of “AAAp NRi” indicating that the principal portion is rated “AAA” and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.
pi: Ratings with a ‘pi’ subscript are based on an analysis of an issuer’s published financial information, as well as additional information in the public domain. They do not, however, reflect in-depth meetings with an issuer’s management and are therefore based on less comprehensive information than ratings without a ‘pi’ subscript. Ratings with a ‘pi’ subscript are reviewed annually based on a new year’s financial statements, but may be reviewed on an interim basis if a major event occurs that may affect the issuer’s credit quality.
pr: The letters ‘pr’ indicate that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.
preliminary: Preliminary ratings are assigned to issues, including financial programs, in the following circumstances. Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation and legal opinions. Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt and approval by Standard & Poor’s of appropriate documentation. Changes in the information provided to Standard & Poor’s could result in the assignment of a different rating. In addition, Standard & Poor’s reserves the right not to issue a final rating. Preliminary ratings are assigned to Rule 415 Shelf Registrations. As specific issues, with defined terms, are offered from the master registration, a final rating may be assigned to them in accordance with Standard & Poor’s policies. The final rating may differ from the preliminary rating.
t: This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks: Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.
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Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Ratings of Notes:
A Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment:
—Amortization schedule—the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
—Source of payment—the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1—Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2—Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3—Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Ratings of Commercial Paper:
A Standard & Poor’s commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from “A” for the highest-quality obligations to “D” for the lowest. These categories are as follows:
A-1—This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.
A-2—Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated ‘A-1’.
A-3—Issues carrying this designation have an adequate capacity for timely payment. They are, however, more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
B—Issues rated ‘B’ are regarded as having only speculative capacity for timely payment.
C—This rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations with a doubtful capacity for payment.
D—Debt rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when interest payments of principal payments are not made on the date due, even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes such payments will be made during such grace period.
Description of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group’s Dual Ratings:
Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure.
The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term debt rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the commercial paper rating symbols for the put option (for example, “AAA/A-1+”). With short- term demand debt, Standard & Poor’s note rating symbols are used with the commercial paper rating symbols (for example, “SP-1+/A-1+”).
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Description of Fitch Ratings International Long-Term Credit Ratings:
International Long-Term Credit Ratings (“LTCR”) may also be referred to as “Long-Term Ratings.” When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations. The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings.
Investment Grade
AAA—Highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA—Very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A—High credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB—Good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment-grade category.
Speculative Grade
BB—Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.
B—Highly speculative. For issuers and performing obligations, ‘B’ ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. For individual obligations, ‘B’ ratings may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘RR1’ (outstanding).
CCC—For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘RR2’ (superior), or ‘RR3’ (good) or ‘RR4’ (average).
CC—For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR4’ (average) or ‘RR5’ (below average).
C—For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘RR6’ (poor).
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RD—Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.
D—Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following: (i) failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation; (ii) the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; or (iii) the distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.
Issuers will be rated ‘D’ upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of ‘C’ to ‘B’ ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the ‘B’ or ‘CCC-C’ categories.
Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.
Description of Fitch Ratings International Short-Term Credit Ratings:
The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for U.S. public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus places greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.
F1—Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2—Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
F3—Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non investment grade.
B—Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C—High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D—Default. Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
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Notes to Fitch Ratings International Long-Term and Short-Term Credit Ratings:
The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’, or to Short-term ratings other than ‘F1’. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)
Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as “Positive”, indicating a potential upgrade, “Negative”, for a potential downgrade, or “Evolving”, if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.
Rating Outlook: An Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are ‘stable’ could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.
Program ratings (such as the those assigned to MTN shelf registrations) relate only to standard issues made under the program concerned; it should not be assumed that these ratings apply to every issue made under the program. In particular, in the case of non-standard issues, i.e. those that are linked to the credit of a third party or linked to the performance of an index, ratings of these issues may deviate from the applicable program rating.
Variable rate demand obligations and other securities which contain a short-term ‘put’ or other similar demand feature will have a dual rating, such as AAA/F1+. The first rating reflects the ability to meet long-term principal and interest payments, whereas the second rating reflects the ability to honor the demand feature in full and on time.
Fitch’s ratings on U.S. public finance debt securities measure credit quality relative of other U.S. public finance debt securities. Loss rates of most Fitch-related U.S. public finance debt securities have historically been significantly lower, and are expected to continue to be significantly lower, then other debt instruments rated comparably by Fitch.
Interest Only: Interest Only ratings are assigned to interest strips. These ratings do not address the possibility that a security holder might fail to recover some or all of its initial investment due to voluntary or involuntary principal repayments.
Principal Only: Principal Only ratings address the likelihood that a security holder will receive their initial principal investment either before or by the scheduled maturity date.
Rate of Return: Ratings also may be assigned to gauge the likelihood of an investor receiving a certain predetermined internal rate of return without regard to the precise timing of any cash flows.
‘PIF’: The tranche has reached maturity and has been “paid-in-full”, regardless of whether it was amortized or called early. As the issue no longer exists, it is therefore no longer rated.
‘NR’: Denotes that Fitch Ratings does not publicly rate the associated issue or issuer.
‘Withdrawn’: Indicates that the rating has been withdrawn and is no longer maintained by Fitch.
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