Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses The following tables present the categories of loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021: Total Loans Nonaccrual Loans ($ in thousands) December 2022 December 2021 December 2022 December 2021 Commercial & industrial $ 128,090 $ 122,250 $ 114 $ 143 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 110,848 118,891 - 88 Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied 301,787 262,277 210 466 Agricultural 64,388 57,403 - - Residential real estate 291,512 206,424 3,020 2,484 Home equity line of credit (HELOC) 45,061 41,682 310 464 Consumer 19,944 13,474 28 7 Total loans $ 961,630 $ 822,401 $ 3,682 $ 3,652 Net deferred costs (fees) $ 445 $ 313 Total loans, net deferred costs (fees) $ 962,075 $ 822,714 Allowance for loan losses $ (13,818 ) $ (13,805 ) The Company makes commercial, agri-business, consumer and residential loans to customers throughout its defined market area. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since a portion of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing and similar transactions. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Listed below is a summary of loan commitments, unused lines of credit and standby letters of credit as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. ($ in thousands) 2022 2021 Loan commitments and unused lines of credit $ 221,668 $ 219,618 Standby letters of credit 1,336 2,060 Totals $ 223,004 $ 221,678 The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial & Industrial and Agricultural Commercial & industrial and agricultural loans are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, and may include a personal guarantee. Short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. Commercial Real Estate (Owner and Nonowner Occupied) Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The characteristics of properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse, but with geographic location almost entirely in the Company’s market area. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography and risk grade criteria. In general, the Company avoids financing single purpose projects unless other underwriting factors are present to help mitigate risk. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate versus non-owner-occupied loans. Construction loans are underwritten utilizing feasibility studies, independent appraisal reviews and financial analysis of the developers and property owners. Construction loans are generally based on estimates of costs and value associated with the completed project. These estimates may be inaccurate. Construction loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, general economic conditions and the availability of long-term financing. Residential Real Estate, Home Equity Line of Credit (“HELOC”) and Consumer Residential and consumer loans consist of two segments – residential mortgage loans and personal loans. Residential mortgage loans are secured by 1-4 family residences and are generally owner-occupied, and the Company generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. HELOCs are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences, and consumer personal loans are secured by consumer personal assets, such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer personal loans are unsecured, such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas, such as unemployment levels. Repayment can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties. Risk is mitigated by the fact that these loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers. The following tables present the balance of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) and the recorded investment in loans based on portfolio segment and impairment method as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: ($ in thousands) Commercial Commercial Agricultural Residential Consumer Total Beginning balance $ 1,890 $ 6,781 $ 599 $ 3,515 $ 1,020 $ 13,805 Charge offs - - - - (34 ) (34 ) Recoveries - - - - 47 47 Provision (227 ) (501 ) 12 923 (207 ) - Ending balance $ 1,663 $ 6,280 $ 611 $ 4,438 $ 826 $ 13,818 December 31, 2022 Commercial Commercial Agricultural Residential Consumer Total Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ 138 $ 2 $ 140 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,663 $ 6,280 $ 611 $ 4,300 $ 824 $ 13,678 Totals $ 1,663 $ 6,280 $ 611 $ 4,438 $ 826 $ 13,818 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 204 $ 347 $ - $ 2,863 $ 114 $ 3,528 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 127,886 $ 412,288 $ 64,388 $ 288,649 $ 64,891 $ 958,102 Totals $ 128,090 $ 412,635 $ 64,388 $ 291,512 $ 65,005 $ 961,630 ($ in thousands) Commercial Commercial Agricultural Residential Consumer Total Beginning balance $ 3,074 $ 5,451 $ 496 $ 2,534 $ 1,019 $ 12,574 Charge offs - - - (43 ) (93 ) (136 ) Recoveries 227 - - 49 41 317 Provision (credit) (1,411 ) 1,330 103 975 53 1,050 Ending balance $ 1,890 $ 6,781 $ 599 $ 3,515 $ 1,020 $ 13,805 December 31, 2021 Commercial Commercial Agricultural Residential Consumer Total Allowance: Ending balance:individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 10 $ - $ 120 $ 3 $ 133 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,890 $ 6,771 $ 599 $ 3,395 $ 1,017 $ 13,672 Totals $ 1,890 $ 6,781 $ 599 $ 3,515 $ 1,020 $ 13,805 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 118 $ 354 $ - $ 2,307 $ 135 $ 2,914 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 122,132 $ 380,814 $ 57,403 $ 204,117 $ 55,021 $ 819,487 Totals $ 122,250 $ 381,168 $ 57,403 $ 206,424 $ 55,156 $ 822,401 Credit Risk Profile The Company categorizes loans into risk categories (loan grades) based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes loans with an outstanding balance greater than $100,000 and non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass (grades 1 – 4): Special Mention (grade 5): Substandard (grade 6): Doubtful (grade 7): Loss (grade 8): The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio based on rating category as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: ($ in thousands) December 31, 2022 Commercial Commercial Commercial Agricultural Residential real estate HELOC Consumer Total Pass (1 - 4) $ 127,424 $ 107,918 $ 296,518 $ 64,388 $ 288,172 $ 44,751 $ 19,915 $ 949,086 Special Mention (5) 394 2,930 4,899 - - - - 8,223 Substandard (6) 158 - 160 - 3,316 310 29 3,973 Doubtful (7) 114 - 210 - 24 - - 348 Loss (8) Total Loans $ 128,090 $ 110,848 $ 301,787 $ 64,388 $ 291,512 $ 45,061 $ 19,944 $ 961,630 December 31, 2021 Commercial Commercial Commercial Agricultural Residential HELOC Consumer Total Pass (1 - 4) $ 121,285 $ 111,232 $ 253,269 $ 57,403 $ 203,295 $ 41,218 $ 13,467 $ 801,169 Special Mention (5) 659 7,571 5,694 - - - - 13,924 Substandard (6) 188 - 2,848 - 3,102 464 7 6,609 Doubtful (7) 118 88 466 - 27 - - 699 Loss (8) - - - - - - - - Total Loans $ 122,250 $ 118,891 $ 262,277 $ 57,403 $ 206,424 $ 41,682 $ 13,474 $ 822,401 The Company evaluates the loan risk grading system definitions and allowance for loan loss methodology on an ongoing basis. The Company uses a five-year average of historical losses for the general component of the allowance for loan loss calculation. No significant changes were made to the loan risk grading system definitions and allowance for loan loss methodology during the periods presented. The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: ($ in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Greater Than Total Past Total Loans December 31, 2022 Past Due Past Due Past Due Due Current Receivable Commercial & industrial $ 23 $ 108 $ 114 $ 245 $ 127,845 $ 128,090 Commercial real estate - owner occupied - - - - 110,848 110,848 Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied 114 - 32 146 301,641 301,787 Agricultural - - - - 64,388 64,388 Residential real estate 98 411 1,287 1,796 289,716 291,512 HELOC 98 24 138 260 44,801 45,061 Consumer 61 26 22 109 19,835 19,944 Total Loans $ 394 $ 569 $ 1,593 $ 2,556 $ 959,074 $ 961,630 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Greater Than Total Past Total Loans December 31, 2021 Past Due Past Due Past Due Due Current Receivable Commercial & industrial $ 166 $ 25 $ 118 $ 309 $ 121,941 $ 122,250 Commercial real estate - owner occupied - - 88 88 118,803 118,891 Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied 221 233 246 700 261,577 262,277 Agricultural - - - - 57,403 57,403 Residential real estate 265 716 1,344 2,325 204,099 206,424 HELOC 53 80 248 381 41,301 41,682 Consumer 20 14 7 41 13,433 13,474 Total Loans $ 725 $ 1,068 $ 2,051 $ 3,844 $ 818,557 $ 822,401 All loans past due 90 days are systematically placed on nonaccrual status. A loan is considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance (ASC 310-10-35- 16), when based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans but also include loans modified in a Troubled Debt Restructure (“TDR”) where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The following tables present impaired loan activity for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: ($ in thousands) Recorded Unpaid Principal Related Average Recorded Interest Income December 31, 2022 Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 204 $ 627 $ - $ 650 $ 34 Commercial real estate - owner occupied - - - - - Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied 347 825 - 1,350 94 Agricultural - - - - - Residential real estate 1,491 1,558 - 1,793 65 HELOC 68 68 85 4 Consumer - - - - - With a specific allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial - - - - - Commercial real estate - owner occupied - - - - - Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied - - - - - Agricultural - - - - - Residential real estate 1,372 1,372 138 1,424 43 HELOC 46 46 2 51 2 Consumer - - - - - Totals: Commercial & industrial $ 204 $ 627 $ - $ 650 $ 34 Commercial real estate - owner occupied $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied $ 347 $ 825 $ - $ 1,350 $ 94 Agricultural $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Residential real estate $ 2,863 $ 2,930 $ 138 $ 3,217 $ 108 HELOC $ 114 $ 114 $ 2 $ 136 $ 6 Consumer $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - ($ in thousands) Recorded Unpaid Principal Related Average Recorded Interest Income December 31, 2021 Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 118 $ 204 $ - $ 217 $ 2 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 88 88 - 88 - Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied 223 223 - 357 28 Agricultural - - - - - Residential real estate 1,391 1,458 - 1,663 60 HELOC 33 33 41 2 Consumer - - - - - With a specific allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial - - - - - Commercial real estate - owner occupied - - - - - Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied 43 173 10 173 - Agricultural - - - - - Residential real estate 916 916 120 933 20 HELOC 102 102 3 124 5 Consumer - - - - - Totals: Commercial & industrial $ 118 $ 204 $ - $ 217 $ 2 Commercial real estate - owner occupied $ 88 $ 88 $ - $ 88 $ - Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied $ 266 $ 396 $ 10 $ 530 $ 28 Agricultural $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Residential real estate $ 2,307 $ 2,374 $ 120 $ 2,596 $ 80 HELOC $ 135 $ 135 $ 3 $ 165 $ 7 Consumer $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Impaired loans less than $100,000 are included in groups of homogenous loans. These loans are evaluated based on delinquency status. Interest income recognized on a cash basis does not materially differ from interest income recognized on an accrual basis. Troubled Debt Restructured Loans (TDRs) TDRs are modified loans where a concession was provided to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. Loan modifications are considered TDRs when the concessions provided are not available to the borrower through either normal channels or other sources. However, not all loan modifications are TDRs. TDR Concession Types The Company’s standards relating to loan modifications consider, among other factors, minimum verified income requirements, cash flow analysis, and collateral valuations. Each potential loan modification is reviewed individually and the terms of the loan are modified to meet a borrower’s specific circumstances at a point in time. All loan modifications, including those classified as TDRs, are reviewed and approved. The types of concessions provided to borrowers include: ● Interest rate reduction: A reduction of the stated interest rate to a nonmarket rate for the remaining original life of the debt. The Company also may grant interest rate concessions for a limited timeframe on a case by case basis. ● Amortization or maturity date change beyond what the collateral supports, including a change that does any of the following: (1) Lengthens the amortization period of the amortized principal beyond market terms. This concession reduces the minimum monthly payment and increases the amount of the balloon payment at the end of the term of the loan. Principal is generally not forgiven. (2) Reduces the amount of loan principal to be amortized. This concession also reduces the minimum monthly payment and increases the amount of the balloon payment at the end of the term of the loan. Principal is generally not forgiven. (3) Extends the maturity date or dates of the debt beyond what the collateral supports. This concession generally applies to loans without a balloon payment at the end of the term of the loan. In addition, there may be instances where renewing loans potentially require non- market terms and would then be reclassified as TDRs. ● Other: A concession that is not categorized as one of the concessions described above. These concessions include, but are not limited to: principal forgiveness, collateral concessions, covenant concessions, and reduction of accrued interest. Principal forgiveness may result from any TDR modification of any concession type. There were no new TDRs during the period ended December 31, 2022. The following table represents new TDR activity for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. ($ in thousands) Number of Pre- Post 2 $ 42 $ 42 Total modifications 2 $ 42 $ 42 Interest Term Combination Total HELOC $ - $ - $ 42 $ 42 Total modifications $ - $ - $ 42 $ 42 There were no TDRs modified during the past twelve months that have subsequently defaulted. The Company was an active participant in the PPP initiative as detailed in the discussion of financial results for 2021. The Company originated approximately 1,100 loans with a total balance of $111.4 million. As of December 31, 2022, only one PPP loan remained outstanding. Fees for PPP loan originations totaled $4.9 million, of which $0.1 million and $3.4 million were taken into income during 2022 and 2021, respectively. Related Party Loans Loans to directors and their related interests, including loans to companies for which directors are principal owners and executive officers are presented in the following table at December 31: ($ in thousands) 2022 2021 Balance at beginning of period $ 521 $ 1,164 Effect of change in compostioin of directors and executive officers 112 - New Term Loans - - Repayment of term loans (53 ) (46 ) Changes in balances of revolving lines of credit (59 ) (597 ) Balance at end of period $ 521 $ 521 |