UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Investment Company Act file number 811-01466
Pioneer Fund
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
60 State Street, Boston, MA 02109
(Address of principal executive offices) (ZIP code)
Christopher J. Kelley, Amundi Asset Management, Inc.,
60 State Street, Boston, MA 02109
(Name and address of agent for service)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 742-7825
Date of fiscal year end: December 31, 2022
Date of reporting period: January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022
Form N-CSR is to be used by management investment companies to file reports with the Commission not later than 10 days after the transmission to stockholders of any report that is required to be transmitted to stockholders under Rule 30e-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (17 CFR 270.30e-1). The Commission may use the information provided on Form N-CSR in its regulatory, disclosure review, inspection, and policymaking roles.
A registrant is required to disclose the information specified by Form N-CSR, and the Commission will make this information public. A registrant is not required to respond to the collection of information contained in Form N-CSR unless the Form displays a currently valid Office of Management and Budget (“OMB”) control number. Please direct comments concerning the accuracy of the information collection burden estimate and any suggestions for reducing the burden to Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549-0609. The OMB has reviewed this collection of information under the clearance requirements of 44 U.S.C. ss. 3507.
ITEM 1. | REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS. |
A: PIODX | C: PCODX | K: PIOKX | R: PIORX | Y: PYODX |
Head of the Americas, President and CEO of US
Amundi Asset Management US, Inc.
February 2023
Q | How did the Fund perform over the 12-month period ended December 31, 2022? |
A | Pioneer Fund’s Class A shares returned -19.47% at net asset value during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2022, while the Fund’s benchmark, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (the S&P 500), returned -18.11%. During the same 12-month period, the average return of the 1,358 mutual funds in Morningstar’s Large Blend Funds Category was -16.96%. |
Q | How would you describe the market for equities during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2022? |
A | The 12-month period ended December 31, 2022 featured heavy equity-market volatility, persistently high inflation readouts, and rising interest rates, all of which combined to lead to a broad retreat in the performance of domestic equities. |
In response to high levels of inflation not seen in roughly 40 years, the US Federal Reserve (Fed) began raising the target range for the federal funds rate in March 2022, and also ended its pandemic-era quantitative easing (bond purchase) program. The Fed increased the federal funds rate’s target range seven times between March and December 2022, including four consecutive increases of 75 basis points (bps) each from June to November 2022, an unprecedented occurrence (a basis point is equal to 1/100th of a percentage point). The Fed also enacted another 50-bps increase in interest rates in December, just before the end of the period. | |
The decline in the domestic equity market was particularly concentrated within growth stocks, which dramatically |
underperformed value stocks for the 12-month period. The broad US equity market, as measured by the S&P 500, registered a total return of -18.11% over the 12-month period, a significant drop-off from the 28.71% return the S&P 500 generated over the previous 12-month period ended December 31, 2021. | |
Market participants preferred value stocks over growth stocks during the past year, as shares of growth-oriented companies – which can be susceptible to rising interest rates, given that higher rates have tended to erode the value of those companies’ earnings over the longer term – were shunned by investors in response to the Fed’s attempts to combat inflation by increasing the federal funds target range. | |
During the 12-month period, the yield on the 10-year US Treasury bond rose from 1.51% (as of December 31, 2021) to 3.88% (as of December 31, 2022). That development presented a significant headwind to the performance of growth stocks, and particularly shares of those growth-oriented companies with high valuations based largely on future earnings. | |
Among the worst performers over the past year were the mega-cap technology stocks that had fared well during the COVID-19 pandemic in a stay-at-home environment. The four largest stocks in the S&P 500 – Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, and Amazon.com – all fell by well over 20%. | |
Only two sectors in the S&P 500 managed to eke out positive returns for the year: energy and utilities. Meanwhile, consumer discretionary, communication services, and information technology were the worst performers in the S&P 500, each declining by between 28% and 39% for the 12-month period ended December 31, 2022. | |
Q | Which of your investment decisions either contributed positively to, or detracted from, the Fund’s benchmark-relative performance during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2022? |
A | The Fund underperformed the S&P 500 for the 12 months ended December 31, 2022. Style preference was the primary driver of the Fund’s benchmark-relative underperformance for the full calendar year as ‒ consistent with our investment philosophy – the portfolio was underweight versus the benchmark to low- |
price-to-earnings (P/E) stocks in favor of what we saw as higher-quality companies that we believe can sustain profits through a period of high inflation and declining economic growth. For the 12-month period ended December 31, 2022, low-P/E stocks outperformed as interest rates as well as the cost of capital have risen. On the other hand, the Fund’s relative performance for the calendar year benefited from an underweight to stocks in the highest-P/E quintile within the S&P 500, due to our valuation discipline, which became an even bigger factor in the fourth quarter. However, the underweight to low-P/E stocks still offset that positive contribution and accounted for all of the Fund’s relative underperformance for the full 2022 calendar year. (P/E Ratio reflects the price of a stock divided by its earnings per share. Cost of capital represents a calculation of the minimum return a company would need to justify a capital-budgeting project, such as building a new factory.) | |
At the sector level, stock selection results in the health care and financials sectors were the biggest drags on the Fund’s relative returns. Meanwhile, stock selections in the communication services and information technology sectors benefited relative performance. With regard to sector allocation, the portfolio’s overweight to the underperforming communication services sector detracted from the Fund’s relative returns, while an overweight to the strong-performing energy sector contributed positively to relative performance. Given its environmental, social, and governance (ESG) orientation, we have been selective with regard to the portfolio’s energy exposure, favoring companies that have been responsibly helping to meet short-term and longer-term energy demand. We favored the sector this past year, due to what we believe are attractive valuations amidst rising energy prices, though we have reduced the Fund’s energy positions more recently. With regard to individual positions, portfolio holdings that were key detractors from the Fund’s benchmark-relative returns for the 12-month period included Alphabet, Elanco Animal Health, and Live Nation Entertainment. Alphabet’s share price was caught in the downdraft that affected the four largest mega-cap stocks in the S&P 500 during the period (discussed earlier), as investors sought out value over growth in an environment featuring rising interest rates. Elanco Animal Health was another detractor from the Fund’s relative |
results for the period. While we have avoided investing the Fund in what we regard as distressed-value companies, as they do not meet our investment criteria, we will at times hold value stocks in the portfolio that can require more patience for the investment thesis to play out. | |
Elanco, an animal health provider, is an example. Our investment thesis for Elanco is that new products could lead to higher revenue growth and improved profitability. So far, the company has not delivered, which has caused the stock to underperform the broader market. However, we continue to believe that if Elanco is successful with both its new product-launch cycle and cost-cutting measures, investors’ concerns could abate. In communication services, the portfolio’s position in Live Nation Entertainment hindered the Fund’s relative performance over the 12-month period. Despite producing good results in its most recent quarter, driven by a strong summer season, Live Nation’s shares underperformed in the wake of scrutiny over the handling of ticket presales for an upcoming Taylor Swift tour. We continue to hold the shares in the portfolio, and believe the recent issues do not present a long-term challenge to the sustainability of Live Nation’s business. | |
Holdings of energy stocks contributed positively to the Fund’s relative results for the 12-month period – including positions in Schlumberger and EOG Resources – as did lack of exposure to Tesla. Schlumberger is a leading oilfield services company. The shares made a significant, positive contribution to the Fund’s relative performance during the 12-month period, as oil prices remained high due to tight supply and geopolitical tensions. Schlumberger is a dominant firm in the oilfield services space and is widely regarded as the technology leader, allowing the company to attain premium pricing and maintain a competitive edge. We believe Schlumberger emerged from the recent down cycle for energy firms as a leaner, less capital-intensive company, which could lead to a more sustainable business over the long-term. The company also plays a critical role in addressing climate change by helping oil and gas companies improve operational efficiency while reducing or avoiding emissions and lowering water usage. Schlumberger has been making investments in businesses that support clean energy, carbon capture services, |
and geothermal energy. EOG Resources is a low-cost oil and gas producer, which outperformed for the full 12-month period, mainly due to the sharp increase in energy prices seen earlier in the year. While the elevated prices have subsided, they have remained relatively high. Finally, lack of exposure to S&P 500 component Tesla benefited the Fund’s relative performance for the period. Even despite its recent underperformance, Tesla has remained one of the highest-valuation stocks in the industry, and remains squarely within the top quintile of the S&P 500. Tesla faced a slew of difficulties in 2022, including missed sales estimates, falling demand amid recession fears and interest-rate hikes, heightened competition, and continued pandemic-induced production challenges. Investors have also grown concerned over CEO Elon Musk’s purchase of Twitter, and whether he is dedicating too much of his time to that endeavor. We continue to believe that Tesla remains overvalued. | |
Q | Did the Fund have any exposure to derivative securities during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2022? |
A | No, the Fund had no exposure to derivatives during the period. |
Q | Could you discuss the Fund’s commitment to ESG investing? |
A | We consider environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in our fundamental research and investment selection processes. We believe this information helps us gain a more complete understanding of a company and its business. We have historically followed ESG criteria in managing the Fund. However, ESG investment criteria were formally incorporated into the Fund’s prospectus on July 1, 2018. The Fund generally will not invest in companies significantly involved in certain business activities, including but not limited to, the production of alcohol, tobacco products, and certain controversial military weapons, and the operation of thermal coal mines and gambling casinos and other gaming businesses. We also consider pertinent ESG information, including ESG ratings, in seeking to avoid investing in companies perceived to have the most ESG-related risk. |
Q | What is your outlook as the Fund enters a new fiscal year? |
A | We anticipate continued market volatility as the Fed raises interest rates, inflation concerns persist, and the Russia-Ukraine |
conflict continues. However, we have grown more optimistic as equity valuations have become much more attractive, and we think a recession, if it occurs, is likely to be a shallow one, given the financial health of consumers. We believe US equities remain the best risk-reward opportunity globally. | |
We believe maintaining balanced exposures to stocks that we think may benefit from higher prices and interest rates, such as shares of banks and energy firms; to reasonably priced growth stocks, such as shares of semiconductor companies; and to more defensively oriented stocks, is the ideal approach in the current investment environment. By comparison, we believe equities of hyper-growth, unprofitable companies could be vulnerable to valuation compression if interest rates continue to rise. We also think low-quality, distressed-value stocks may underperform, especially shares of companies with excessive debt loads. | |
As of the end of December, the portfolio’s largest overweights relative to the S&P 500 were to the materials, communication services, and information technology sectors, though we have decreased the size of the overweight to information technology, somewhat. Despite its weak performance in 2022, we continue to believe the communication services sector has a favorable risk-reward profile, given potential long-term secular drivers for companies in the sector, such as artificial intelligence. The portfolio’s biggest underweight positions versus the benchmark are in the consumer-related sectors, due to concerns about sluggish unit-volume growth, and valuations. The Fund is also slightly underweight to financials, though it is overweight to banks, with a preference for regional banks. The Fund also continues to have no exposure to the real estate and utilities sectors, which have tended to be interest-rate sensitive. |
(As a percentage of total investments)* | ||
1. | Alphabet, Inc., Class A | 6.91% |
2. | Apple, Inc. | 5.03 |
3. | Microsoft Corp. | 4.73 |
4. | Analog Devices, Inc. | 4.64 |
5. | Truist Financial Corp. | 4.37 |
6. | Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 4.27 |
7. | International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. | 4.22 |
8. | EOG Resources, Inc. | 4.02 |
9. | Caterpillar, Inc. | 3.53 |
10. | KLA Corp. | 3.33 |
* | Excludes short-term investments and all derivative contracts except for options purchased. The Fund is actively managed, and current holdings may be different. The holdings listed should not be considered recommendations to buy or sell any securities. |
Class | 12/31/22 | 12/31/21 |
A | $29.27 | $37.80 |
C | $23.04 | $30.10 |
K | $29.89 | $38.56 |
R | $29.36 | $37.91 |
Y | $29.88 | $38.55 |
Class | Net Investment Income | Short-Term Capital Gains | Long-Term Capital Gains |
A | $0.1686 | $0.1075 | $0.9337 |
C | $0.0073 | $0.1075 | $0.9337 |
K | $0.2610 | $0.1075 | $0.9337 |
R | $0.0204 | $0.1075 | $0.9337 |
Y | $0.2610 | $0.1075 | $0.9337 |
Performance Update | 12/31/22 | Class A Shares |
Average Annual Total Returns (As of December 31, 2022) | |||
Period | Net Asset Value (NAV) | Public Offering Price (POP) | S&P 500 Index |
10 Years | 12.38% | 11.71% | 12.56% |
5 Years | 10.42 | 9.12 | 9.42 |
1 Year | -19.47 | -24.11 | -18.11 |
Expense Ratio (Per prospectus dated May 1, 2022) |
Gross |
1.06% |
Performance Update | 12/31/22 | Class C Shares |
Average Annual Total Returns (As of December 31, 2022) | |||
Period | If Held | If Redeemed | S&P 500 Index |
10 Years | 11.49% | 11.49% | 12.56% |
5 Years | 9.55 | 9.55 | 9.42 |
1 Year | -20.10 | -20.87 | -18.11 |
Expense Ratio (Per prospectus dated May 1, 2022) |
Gross |
1.83% |
Performance Update | 12/31/22 | Class K Shares |
Average Annual Total Returns (As of December 31, 2022) | ||
Period | Net Asset Value (NAV) | S&P 500 Index |
10 Years | 12.49% | 12.56% |
5 Years | 10.64 | 9.42 |
1 Year | -19.22 | -18.11 |
Expense Ratio (Per prospectus dated May 1, 2022) | |
Gross | Net |
0.73% | 0.61% |
Performance Update | 12/31/22 | Class R Shares |
Average Annual Total Returns (As of December 31, 2022) | ||
Period | Net Asset Value (NAV) | S&P 500 Index |
10 Years | 11.92% | 12.56% |
5 Years | 9.96 | 9.42 |
1 Year | -19.86 | -18.11 |
Expense Ratio (Per prospectus dated May 1, 2022) |
Gross |
1.45% |
Performance Update | 12/31/22 | Class Y Shares |
Average Annual Total Returns (As of December 31, 2022) | ||
Period | Net Asset Value (NAV) | S&P 500 Index |
10 Years | 12.69% | 12.56% |
5 Years | 10.73 | 9.42 |
1 Year | -19.23 | -18.11 |
Expense Ratio (Per prospectus dated May 1, 2022) | |
Gross | Net |
0.81% | 0.61% |
(1) | ongoing costs, including management fees, distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees, and other Fund expenses; and |
(2) | transaction costs, including sales charges (loads) on purchase payments. |
(1) | Divide your account value by $1,000 Example: an $8,600 account value ÷ $1,000 = 8.6 |
(2) | Multiply the result in (1) above by the corresponding share class’s number in the third row under the heading entitled “Expenses Paid During Period” to estimate the expenses you paid on your account during this period. |
Share Class | A | C | K | R | Y |
Beginning Account Value on 7/1/22 | $1,000.00 | $1,000.00 | $1,000.00 | $1,000.00 | $1,000.00 |
Ending Account Value (after expenses) on 12/31/22 | $1,006.30 | $1,002.50 | $1,007.90 | $1,004.00 | $1,007.90 |
Expenses Paid During Period* | $4.60 | $8.58 | $3.09 | $7.12 | $3.09 |
* | Expenses are equal to the Fund’s annualized expense ratio of 0.91%, 1.70%, 0.61%, 1.41%, and 0.61% for Class A, Class C, Class K, Class R, and Class Y shares, respectively, multiplied by the average account value over the period, multiplied by 184/365 (to reflect the one-half year period). |
Share Class | A | C | K | R | Y |
Beginning Account Value on 7/1/22 | $1,000.00 | $1,000.00 | $1,000.00 | $1,000.00 | $1,000.00 |
Ending Account Value (after expenses) on 12/31/22 | $1,020.62 | $1,016.64 | $1,022.13 | $1,018.10 | $1,022.13 |
Expenses Paid During Period* | $4.63 | $8.64 | $3.11 | $7.17 | $3.11 |
* | Expenses are equal to the Fund’s annualized expense ratio of 0.91%, 1.70%, 0.61%, 1.41%, and 0.61% for Class A, Class C, Class K, Class R, and Class Y shares, respectively, multiplied by the average account value over the period, multiplied by 184/365 (to reflect the one-half year period). |
Shares | Value | |||||
UNAFFILIATED ISSUERS — 100.1% | ||||||
Common Stocks — 99.4% of Net Assets | ||||||
Air Freight & Logistics — 2.8% | ||||||
1,049,329 | United Parcel Service, Inc., Class B | $ 182,415,353 | ||||
Total Air Freight & Logistics | $182,415,353 | |||||
Banks — 9.7% | ||||||
7,085,208 | Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | $ 278,944,639 | ||||
463,689 | PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. | 73,235,040 | ||||
6,620,259 | Truist Financial Corp. | 284,869,745 | ||||
Total Banks | $637,049,424 | |||||
Biotechnology — 3.0% | ||||||
164,476(a) | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | $ 118,667,789 | ||||
271,747(a) | Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 78,475,099 | ||||
Total Biotechnology | $197,142,888 | |||||
Capital Markets — 1.5% | ||||||
570,519 | CME Group, Inc. | $ 95,938,475 | ||||
Total Capital Markets | $95,938,475 | |||||
Chemicals — 4.2% | ||||||
2,628,465 | International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. | $ 275,568,271 | ||||
Total Chemicals | $275,568,271 | |||||
Construction Materials — 3.3% | ||||||
635,927 | Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. | $ 214,924,248 | ||||
Total Construction Materials | $214,924,248 | |||||
Electrical Equipment — 1.3% | ||||||
319,929 | Rockwell Automation, Inc. | $ 82,404,113 | ||||
Total Electrical Equipment | $82,404,113 | |||||
Energy Equipment & Services — 1.2% | ||||||
1,404,143 | Schlumberger, Ltd. | $ 75,065,485 | ||||
Total Energy Equipment & Services | $75,065,485 | |||||
Entertainment — 4.0% | ||||||
1,235,682 | Electronic Arts, Inc. | $ 150,975,627 | ||||
1,607,566(a) | Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. | 112,111,653 | ||||
Total Entertainment | $263,087,280 | |||||
Food & Staples Retailing — 2.7% | ||||||
388,248 | Costco Wholesale Corp. | $ 177,235,212 | ||||
Total Food & Staples Retailing | $177,235,212 | |||||
Health Care Equipment & Supplies — 1.0% | ||||||
849,056 | Medtronic Plc | $ 65,988,632 | ||||
Total Health Care Equipment & Supplies | $65,988,632 |
Shares | Value | |||||
Health Care Providers & Services — 2.4% | ||||||
289,831 | UnitedHealth Group, Inc. | $ 153,662,600 | ||||
Total Health Care Providers & Services | $153,662,600 | |||||
Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure — 1.4% | ||||||
34(a) | Booking Holdings, Inc. | $ 68,520 | ||||
1,147,643(a) | Planet Fitness, Inc., Class A | 90,434,268 | ||||
Total Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure | $90,502,788 | |||||
Interactive Media & Services — 6.9% | ||||||
5,111,056(a) | Alphabet, Inc., Class A | $ 450,948,471 | ||||
Total Interactive Media & Services | $450,948,471 | |||||
Internet & Direct Marketing Retail — 2.1% | ||||||
1,656,785(a) | Amazon.com, Inc. | $ 139,169,940 | ||||
Total Internet & Direct Marketing Retail | $139,169,940 | |||||
IT Services — 3.7% | ||||||
1,541,363(a) | Akamai Technologies, Inc. | $ 129,936,901 | ||||
532,422 | Visa, Inc., Class A | 110,615,995 | ||||
Total IT Services | $240,552,896 | |||||
Life Sciences Tools & Services — 4.4% | ||||||
669,947 | Danaher Corp. | $ 177,817,332 | ||||
199,746 | Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. | 109,998,125 | ||||
Total Life Sciences Tools & Services | $287,815,457 | |||||
Machinery — 3.5% | ||||||
962,408 | Caterpillar, Inc. | $ 230,554,460 | ||||
Total Machinery | $230,554,460 | |||||
Metals & Mining — 2.9% | ||||||
5,006,202 | Freeport-McMoRan, Inc. | $ 190,235,676 | ||||
Total Metals & Mining | $190,235,676 | |||||
Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — 4.0% | ||||||
2,027,647 | EOG Resources, Inc. | $ 262,620,839 | ||||
Total Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels | $262,620,839 | |||||
Personal Products — 0.6% | ||||||
164,651 | Estee Lauder Cos., Inc., Class A | $ 40,851,560 | ||||
Total Personal Products | $40,851,560 | |||||
Pharmaceuticals — 4.1% | ||||||
8,871,805(a) | Elanco Animal Health, Inc. | $ 108,413,457 | ||||
431,263 | Eli Lilly & Co. | 157,773,256 | ||||
Total Pharmaceuticals | $266,186,713 |
Shares | Value | |||||
Road & Rail — 1.5% | ||||||
468,747 | Union Pacific Corp. | $ 97,063,441 | ||||
Total Road & Rail | $97,063,441 | |||||
Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment — 11.1% | ||||||
1,844,068 | Analog Devices, Inc. | $ 302,482,474 | ||||
575,487 | KLA Corp. | 216,975,864 | ||||
247,856 | Lam Research Corp. | 104,173,877 | ||||
682,465 | NVIDIA Corp. | 99,735,435 | ||||
Total Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment | $723,367,650 | |||||
Software — 6.7% | ||||||
387,079(a) | Adobe, Inc. | $ 130,263,696 | ||||
1,286,643 | Microsoft Corp. | 308,562,724 | ||||
Total Software | $438,826,420 | |||||
Specialty Retail — 2.5% | ||||||
526,558 | Home Depot, Inc. | $ 166,318,610 | ||||
Total Specialty Retail | $166,318,610 | |||||
Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals — 5.0% | ||||||
2,527,716 | Apple, Inc. | $ 328,426,140 | ||||
Total Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals | $328,426,140 | |||||
Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods — 1.9% | ||||||
1,055,344 | NIKE, Inc., Class B | $ 123,485,801 | ||||
Total Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods | $123,485,801 | |||||
Total Common Stocks (Cost $5,346,909,788) | $6,497,408,843 | |||||
Principal Amount USD ($) | ||||||
U.S. Government and Agency Obligations — 0.4% of Net Assets | ||||||
28,000,000(b) | U.S. Treasury Bills, 1/3/23 | $ 28,000,000 | ||||
Total U.S. Government and Agency Obligations (Cost $27,994,550) | $28,000,000 | |||||
Shares | Value | |||||
SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS — 0.3% of Net Assets | ||||||
Open-End Fund — 0.3% | ||||||
19,182,152(c) | Dreyfus Government Cash Management, Institutional Shares, 4.19% | $ 19,182,152 | ||||
$ 19,182,152 | ||||||
TOTAL SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS (Cost $19,182,152) | $19,182,152 | |||||
TOTAL INVESTMENTS IN UNAFFILIATED ISSUERS — 100.1% (Cost $5,394,086,490) | $ 6,544,590,995 | |||||
OTHER ASSETS AND LIABILITIES — (0.1)% | $ (6,248,532) | |||||
net assets — 100.0% | $6,538,342,463 | |||||
(a) | Non-income producing security. |
(b) | Security issued with a zero coupon. Income is recognized through accretion of discount. |
(c) | Rate periodically changes. Rate disclosed is the 7-day yield at December 31, 2022. |
Aggregate gross unrealized appreciation for all investments in which there is an excess of value over tax cost | $1,491,354,148 |
Aggregate gross unrealized depreciation for all investments in which there is an excess of tax cost over value | (418,621,006) |
Net unrealized appreciation | $1,072,733,142 |
Level 1 | – | unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical securities. |
Level 2 | – | other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.). See Notes to Financial Statements — Note 1A. |
Level 3 | – | significant unobservable inputs (including the Adviser's own assumptions in determining fair value of investments). See Notes to Financial Statements — Note 1A. |
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |
Common Stocks | $6,497,408,843 | $ — | $— | $6,497,408,843 |
U.S. Government and Agency Obligations | — | 28,000,000 | — | 28,000,000 |
Open-End Fund | 19,182,152 | — | — | 19,182,152 |
Total Investments in Securities | $ 6,516,590,995 | $ 28,000,000 | $ — | $ 6,544,590,995 |
ASSETS: | |
Investments in unaffiliated issuers, at value (cost $5,394,086,490) | $6,544,590,995 |
Cash | 3,111,615 |
Receivables — | |
Fund shares sold | 4,625,141 |
Dividends | 6,582,270 |
Interest | 212,576 |
Due from the Adviser | 134,381 |
Other assets | 42,363 |
Total assets | $6,559,299,341 |
LIABILITIES: | |
Payables — | |
Investment securities purchased | $ 11,149,749 |
Fund shares repurchased | 7,415,630 |
Distributions | 13,122 |
Transfer agent fees | 687,066 |
Management fees | 444,341 |
Administrative expenses | 210,159 |
Distribution fees | 157,961 |
Accrued expenses | 878,850 |
Total liabilities | $ 20,956,878 |
NET ASSETS: | |
Paid-in capital | $5,489,129,922 |
Distributable earnings | 1,049,212,541 |
Net assets | $6,538,342,463 |
NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE: | |
No par value (unlimited number of shares authorized) | |
Class A (based on $5,425,590,158/185,363,954 shares) | $ 29.27 |
Class C (based on $70,521,056/3,060,863 shares) | $ 23.04 |
Class K (based on $24,417,937/816,963 shares) | $ 29.89 |
Class R (based on $39,075,648/1,331,130 shares) | $ 29.36 |
Class Y (based on $978,737,664/32,752,735 shares) | $ 29.88 |
MAXIMUM OFFERING PRICE PER SHARE: | |
Class A (based on $29.27 net asset value per share/100%-5.75% maximum sales charge) | $ 31.06 |
INVESTMENT INCOME: | ||
Dividends from unaffiliated issuers | $ 103,220,599 | |
Interest from unaffiliated issuers | 113,851 | |
Total Investment Income | $ 103,334,450 | |
EXPENSES: | ||
Management fees | ||
Basic fees | $ 43,415,910 | |
Performance adjustment | 3,140,616 | |
Administrative expenses | 2,650,590 | |
Transfer agent fees | ||
Class A | 1,643,712 | |
Class C | 54,270 | |
Class K | 147 | |
Class R | 129,627 | |
Class Y | 1,193,046 | |
Distribution fees | ||
Class A | 15,138,080 | |
Class C | 733,878 | |
Class R | 220,843 | |
Shareowner communications expense | 1,468,507 | |
Custodian fees | 67,200 | |
Registration fees | 239,252 | |
Professional fees | 429,232 | |
Printing expense | 51,479 | |
Officers' and Trustees' fees | 430,194 | |
Insurance expense | 73,314 | |
Miscellaneous | 376,215 | |
Total expenses | $ 71,456,112 | |
Less fees waived and expenses reimbursed by the Adviser | (7,993,612) | |
Net expenses | $ 63,462,500 | |
Net investment income | $ 39,871,950 | |
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS: | ||
Net realized gain (loss) on: | ||
Investments in unaffiliated issuers | $ 104,975,505 | |
Change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on: | ||
Investments in unaffiliated issuers | $(1,782,635,369) | |
Other assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies | (17,932) | $ (1,782,653,301) |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | $(1,677,677,796) | |
Net decrease in net assets resulting from operations | $(1,637,805,846) |
Year Ended 12/31/22 | Year Ended 12/31/21 | |
FROM OPERATIONS: | ||
Net investment income (loss) | $ 39,871,950 | $ 11,543,013 |
Net realized gain (loss) on investments | 104,975,505 | 986,621,605 |
Change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments | (1,782,653,301) | 809,560,232 |
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations | $ (1,637,805,846) | $ 1,807,724,850 |
DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREOWNERS: | ||
Class A ($1.21 and $6.12 per share, respectively) | $ (219,241,127) | $(1,010,859,218) |
Class C ($1.05 and $6.07 per share, respectively) | (2,997,578) | (13,102,837) |
Class K ($1.30 and $6.24 per share, respectively) | (1,123,443) | (3,899,854) |
Class R ($1.06 and $6.07 per share, respectively) | (1,361,320) | (7,616,576) |
Class Y ($1.30 and $6.25 per share, respectively) | (43,517,373) | (122,877,629) |
Total distributions to shareowners | $ (268,240,841) | $(1,158,356,114) |
FROM FUND SHARE TRANSACTIONS: | ||
Net proceeds from sales of shares | $ 968,687,599 | $ 911,450,636 |
Reinvestment of distributions | 254,172,530 | 1,119,214,479 |
Cost of shares repurchased | (1,133,640,529) | (797,597,277) |
Net increase in net assets resulting from Fund share transactions | $ 89,219,600 | $ 1,233,067,838 |
Net increase (decrease) in net assets | $(1,816,827,087) | $ 1,882,436,574 |
NET ASSETS: | ||
Beginning of year | $ 8,355,169,550 | $ 6,472,732,976 |
End of year | $ 6,538,342,463 | $ 8,355,169,550 |
Year Ended 12/31/22 Shares | Year Ended 12/31/22 Amount | Year Ended 12/31/21 Shares | Year Ended 12/31/21 Amount | |
Class A | ||||
Shares sold | 4,710,877 | $ 155,695,652 | 4,774,807 | $ 184,797,026 |
Reinvestment of distributions | 6,973,038 | 212,189,265 | 26,809,757 | 977,906,785 |
Less shares repurchased | (16,715,618) | (544,094,409) | (14,443,854) | (559,328,470) |
Net increase (decrease) | (5,031,703) | $(176,209,492) | 17,140,710 | $ 603,375,341 |
Class C | ||||
Shares sold | 937,948 | $ 24,312,640 | 997,310 | $ 31,934,161 |
Reinvestment of distributions | 121,628 | 2,914,475 | 436,704 | 12,686,105 |
Less shares repurchased | (667,268) | (16,971,621) | (424,443) | (13,543,064) |
Net increase | 392,308 | $ 10,255,494 | 1,009,571 | $ 31,077,202 |
Class K | ||||
Shares sold | 543,295 | $ 18,287,008 | 493,429 | $ 19,899,034 |
Reinvestment of distributions | 36,074 | 1,123,443 | 104,525 | 3,895,644 |
Less shares repurchased | (462,429) | (15,074,731) | (260,650) | (10,162,797) |
Net increase | 116,940 | $ 4,335,720 | 337,304 | $ 13,631,881 |
Class R | ||||
Shares sold | 273,249 | $ 9,019,772 | 230,786 | $ 9,070,044 |
Reinvestment of distributions | 44,591 | 1,361,320 | 208,369 | 7,616,576 |
Less shares repurchased | (368,049) | (11,996,539) | (484,649) | (18,550,962) |
Net decrease | (50,209) | $ (1,615,447) | (45,494) | $ (1,864,342) |
Class Y | ||||
Shares sold | 22,298,302 | $ 761,372,527 | 16,876,332 | $ 665,750,371 |
Reinvestment of distributions | 1,174,541 | 36,584,027 | 3,141,442 | 117,109,369 |
Less shares repurchased | (16,619,530) | (545,503,229) | (4,897,440) | (196,011,984) |
Net increase | 6,853,313 | $ 252,453,325 | 15,120,334 | $ 586,847,756 |
Year Ended 12/31/22 | Year Ended 12/31/21 | Year Ended 12/31/20 | Year Ended 12/31/19 | Year Ended 12/31/18 | |
Class A | |||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ 37.80 | $ 34.54 | $ 29.58 | $ 24.76 | $ 28.81 |
Increase (decrease) from investment operations: | |||||
Net investment income (loss) (a) | $ 0.17 | $ 0.05 | $ 0.16 | $ 0.25 | $ 0.29 |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (7.49) | 9.33 | 6.81 | 7.34 | (0.54) |
Net increase (decrease) from investment operations | $ (7.32) | $ 9.38 | $ 6.97 | $ 7.59 | $ (0.25) |
Distributions to shareowners: | |||||
Net investment income | $ (0.17) | $ (0.05) | $ (0.15) | $ (0.24) | $ (0.28) |
Net realized gain | (1.04) | (6.07) | (1.86) | (2.53) | (3.52) |
Total distributions | $ (1.21) | $ (6.12) | $ (2.01) | $ (2.77) | $ (3.80) |
Net increase (decrease) in net asset value | $ (8.53) | $ 3.26 | $ 4.96 | $ 4.82 | $ (4.05) |
Net asset value, end of period | $ 29.27 | $ 37.80 | $ 34.54 | $ 29.58 | $ 24.76 |
Total return (b) | (19.47)% | 27.81% | 23.90% | 31.00% | (1.74)% |
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets | 0.91% | 0.94% | 1.04% | 1.04% | 0.96% |
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets | 0.51% | 0.13% | 0.52% | 0.86% | 0.98% |
Portfolio turnover rate | 57% | 89% | 91% | 71% | 60% |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $5,425,590 | $7,196,933 | $5,984,206 | $5,144,683 | $4,264,175 |
Ratios with no waiver of fees and assumption of expenses by the Adviser and no reduction for fees paid indirectly: | |||||
Total expenses to average net assets | 1.00% | 1.06% | 1.08% | 1.04% | 0.96% |
Net investment income (loss) to average net assets | 0.42% | 0.01% | 0.48% | 0.86% | 0.98% |
(a) | The per-share data presented above is based on the average shares outstanding for the period presented. |
(b) | Assumes initial investment at net asset value at the beginning of each period, reinvestment of all distributions, the complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of each period and no sales charges. Total return would be reduced if sales charges were taken into account. |
Year Ended 12/31/22 | Year Ended 12/31/21 | Year Ended 12/31/20 | Year Ended 12/31/19 | Year Ended 12/31/18 | |
Class C | |||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ 30.10 | $ 28.70 | $ 24.90 | $ 21.22 | $ 25.17 |
Increase (decrease) from investment operations: | |||||
Net investment income (loss) (a) | $ (0.07)(b) | $ (0.20)(b) | $ (0.07)(b) | $ 0.01 | $ 0.04 |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (5.94) | 7.67 | 5.74 | 6.27 | (0.42) |
Net increase (decrease) from investment operations | $ (6.01) | $ 7.47 | $ 5.67 | $ 6.28 | $ (0.38) |
Distributions to shareowners: | |||||
Net investment income | $ (0.01) | $ — | $ (0.01) | $ (0.07) | $ (0.05) |
Net realized gain | (1.04) | (6.07) | (1.86) | (2.53) | (3.52) |
Total distributions | $ (1.05) | $ (6.07) | $ (1.87) | $ (2.60) | $ (3.57) |
Net increase (decrease) in net asset value | $ (7.06) | $ 1.40 | $ 3.80 | $ 3.68 | $ (3.95) |
Net asset value, end of period | $ 23.04 | $ 30.10 | $ 28.70 | $ 24.90 | $ 21.22 |
Total return (c) | (20.10)% | 26.79% | 22.99% | 29.92% | (2.52)% |
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets | 1.70% | 1.71% | 1.81% | 1.84% | 1.76% |
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets | (0.26)% | (0.63)% | (0.25)% | 0.05% | 0.15% |
Portfolio turnover rate | 57% | 89% | 91% | 71% | 60% |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $70,521 | $80,320 | $47,608 | $40,142 | $37,237 |
Ratios with no waiver of fees and assumption of expenses by the Adviser and no reduction for fees paid indirectly: | |||||
Total expenses to average net assets | 1.80% | 1.83% | 1.85% | 1.84% | 1.76% |
Net investment income (loss) to average net assets | (0.36)% | (0.75)% | (0.29)% | 0.05% | 0.15% |
(a) | The per-share data presented above is based on the average shares outstanding for the period presented. |
(b) | The amount shown for a share outstanding does not correspond with net investment gain (loss) in the Statement of Operations for the period due to timing of the sales and repurchase of shares. |
(c) | Assumes initial investment at net asset value at the beginning of each period, reinvestment of all distributions, the complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of each period and no sales charges. Total return would be reduced if sales charges were taken into account. |
Year Ended 12/31/22 | Year Ended 12/31/21 | Year Ended 12/31/20 | 12/30/19* to 12/31/19 | |
Class K | ||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ 38.56 | $ 35.13 | $ 30.04 | $ 30.12 |
Increase (decrease) from investment operations: | ||||
Net investment income (loss) (a) | $ 0.28 | $ 0.19 | $ 0.26 | $ 0.00(b) |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (7.65) | 9.48 | 6.93 | (0.08) |
Net increase (decrease) from investment operations | $ (7.37) | $ 9.67 | $ 7.19 | $ (0.08) |
Distributions to shareowners: | ||||
Net investment income | $ (0.26) | $ (0.17) | $ (0.24) | $ — |
Net realized gain | (1.04) | (6.07) | (1.86) | — |
Total distributions | $ (1.30) | $ (6.24) | $ (2.10) | $ — |
Net increase (decrease) in net asset value | $ (8.67) | $ 3.43 | $ 5.09 | $ (0.08) |
Net asset value, end of period | $ 29.89 | $ 38.56 | $ 35.13 | $ 30.04 |
Total return (c) | (19.22)% | 28.23% | 24.33% | 33.04%(d) |
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets | 0.61% | 0.61% | 0.69% | 0.67%(e) |
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets | 0.84% | 0.48% | 0.85% | 1.28%(e) |
Portfolio turnover rate | 57% | 89% | 91% | 71%(d) |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $24,418 | $26,995 | $12,743 | $13,025 |
Ratios with no waiver of fees and assumption of expenses by the Adviser and no reduction for fees paid indirectly: | ||||
Total expenses to average net assets | 0.71% | 0.73% | 0.73% | 0.67%(e) |
Net investment income (loss) to average net assets | 0.74% | 0.36% | 0.81% | 1.28%(e) |
* | Class K commenced operations on December 30, 2019. |
(a) | The per-share data presented above is based on the average shares outstanding for the period presented. |
(b) | Amount is less than $0.01. |
(c) | Assumes initial investment at net asset value at the beginning of each period, reinvestment of all distributions and the complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of each period. |
(d) | Not annualized. |
(e) | Annualized. |
Year Ended 12/31/22 | Year Ended 12/31/21 | Year Ended 12/31/20 | Year Ended 12/31/19 | Year Ended 12/31/18 | |
Class R | |||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ 37.91 | $ 34.73 | $ 29.74 | $ 24.89 | $ 28.93 |
Increase (decrease) from investment operations: | |||||
Net investment income (loss) (a) | $ 0.00(b) | $ (0.10)(c) | $ 0.04 | $ 0.13 | $ 0.17 |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (7.49) | 9.35 | 6.85 | 7.37 | (0.53) |
Net increase (decrease) from investment operations | $ (7.49) | $ 9.25 | $ 6.89 | $ 7.50 | $ (0.36) |
Distributions to shareowners: | |||||
Net investment income | $ (0.02) | $ — | $ (0.04) | $ (0.12) | $ (0.16) |
Net realized gain | (1.04) | (6.07) | (1.86) | (2.53) | (3.52) |
Total distributions | $ (1.06) | $ (6.07) | $ (1.90) | $ (2.65) | $ (3.68) |
Net increase (decrease) in net asset value | $ (8.55) | $ 3.18 | $ 4.99 | $ 4.85 | $ (4.04) |
Net asset value, end of period | $ 29.36 | $ 37.91 | $ 34.73 | $ 29.74 | $ 24.89 |
Total return (d) | (19.86)% | 27.28% | 23.41% | 30.45% | (2.12)% |
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets | 1.41% | 1.33% | 1.44% | 1.45% | 1.37% |
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets | 0.01% | (0.27)% | 0.13% | 0.44% | 0.57% |
Portfolio turnover rate | 57% | 89% | 91% | 71% | 60% |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $39,076 | $52,370 | $49,550 | $48,363 | $44,314 |
Ratios with no waiver of fees and assumption of expenses by the Adviser and no reduction for fees paid indirectly: | |||||
Total expenses to average net assets | 1.50% | 1.45% | 1.47% | 1.45% | 1.37% |
Net investment income (loss) to average net assets | (0.08)% | (0.39)% | 0.10% | 0.44% | 0.57% |
(a) | The per-share data presented above is based on the average shares outstanding for the period presented. |
(b) | Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | The amount shown for a share outstanding does not correspond with net investment gain (loss) in the Statement of Operations for the period due to timing of the sales and repurchase of shares. |
(d) | Assumes initial investment at net asset value at the beginning of each period, reinvestment of all distributions and the complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of each period. |
Year Ended 12/31/22 | Year Ended 12/31/21 | Year Ended 12/31/20 | Year Ended 12/31/19 | Year Ended 12/31/18 | |
Class Y | |||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ 38.55 | $ 35.13 | $ 30.04 | $ 25.11 | $ 29.17 |
Increase (decrease) from investment operations: | |||||
Net investment income (loss) (a) | $ 0.28 | $ 0.19 | $ 0.27 | $ 0.32 | $ 0.35 |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (7.65) | 9.48 | 6.92 | 7.45 | (0.55) |
Net increase (decrease) from investment operations | $ (7.37) | $ 9.67 | $ 7.19 | $ 7.77 | $ (0.20) |
Distributions to shareowners: | |||||
Net investment income | $ (0.26) | $ (0.18) | $ (0.24) | $ (0.31) | $ (0.34) |
Net realized gain | (1.04) | (6.07) | (1.86) | (2.53) | (3.52) |
Total distributions | $ (1.30) | $ (6.25) | $ (2.10) | $ (2.84) | $ (3.86) |
Net increase (decrease) in net asset value | $ (8.67) | $ 3.42 | $ 5.09 | $ 4.93 | $ (4.06) |
Net asset value, end of period | $ 29.88 | $ 38.55 | $ 35.13 | $ 30.04 | $ 25.11 |
Total return (b) | (19.23)% | 28.20% | 24.33% | 31.31% | (1.56)% |
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets | 0.61% | 0.61% | 0.71% | 0.81% | 0.77% |
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets | 0.84% | 0.48% | 0.84% | 1.09% | 1.17% |
Portfolio turnover rate | 57% | 89% | 91% | 71% | 60% |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $978,738 | $998,552 | $378,626 | $107,783 | $95,481 |
Ratios with no waiver of fees and assumption of expenses by the Adviser and no reduction for fees paid indirectly: | |||||
Total expenses to average net assets | 0.82% | 0.81% | 0.83% | 0.81% | 0.77% |
Net investment income (loss) to average net assets | 0.63% | 0.28% | 0.72% | 1.09% | 1.17% |
(a) | The per-share data presented above is based on the average shares outstanding for the period presented. |
(b) | Assumes initial investment at net asset value at the beginning of each period, reinvestment of all distributions and the complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of each period. |
A. | Security Valuation |
The net asset value of the Fund is computed once daily, on each day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open, as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. | |
Equity securities that have traded on an exchange are valued by using the last sale price on the principal exchange where they are traded. Equity securities that have not traded on the date of valuation, or securities for which sale prices are not available, generally are valued using the mean between the last bid and asked prices or, if both last bid and asked prices are not available, at the last quoted bid price. Last sale and bid and asked prices are provided by independent third party pricing services. In the case of equity securities not traded on an exchange, prices are typically determined by independent third party pricing services using a variety of techniques and methods. |
The value of foreign securities is translated into U.S. dollars based on foreign currency exchange rate quotations supplied by a third party pricing source. Trading in non-U.S. equity securities is substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of the NYSE. The values of such securities used in computing the net asset value of the Fund's shares are determined as of such times. The Adviser may use a fair value model developed by an independent pricing service to value non-U.S. equity securities. | |
Shares of open-end registered investment companies (including money market mutual funds) are valued at such funds' net asset value. | |
Securities for which independent pricing services or broker-dealers are unable to supply prices or for which market prices and/or quotations are not readily available or are considered to be unreliable are valued by a fair valuation team comprised of certain personnel of the Adviser. Effective September 8, 2022, the Adviser is designated as the valuation designee for the Fund pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. The Adviser’s fair valuation team is responsible for monitoring developments that may impact fair valued securities. | |
Inputs used when applying fair value methods to value a security may include credit ratings, the financial condition of the company, current market conditions and comparable securities. The Adviser may use fair value methods if it is determined that a significant event has occurred after the close of the exchange or market on which the security trades and prior to the determination of the Fund's net asset value. Examples of a significant event might include political or economic news, corporate restructurings, natural disasters, terrorist activity or trading halts. Thus, the valuation of the Fund's securities may differ significantly from exchange prices, and such differences could be material. | |
B. | Investment Income and Transactions |
Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date, except that certain dividends from foreign securities where the ex-dividend date may have passed are recorded as soon as the Fund becomes aware of the ex-dividend data in the exercise of reasonable diligence. | |
Interest income, including interest on income-bearing cash accounts, is recorded on the accrual basis. Dividend and interest income are reported net of unrecoverable foreign taxes withheld at the applicable country rates and net of income accrued on defaulted securities. |
Interest and dividend income payable by delivery of additional shares is reclassified as PIK (payment-in-kind) income upon receipt and is included in interest and dividend income, respectively. | |
Security transactions are recorded as of trade date. Gains and losses on sales of investments are calculated on the identified cost method for both financial reporting and federal income tax purposes. | |
C. | Foreign Currency Translation |
The books and records of the Fund are maintained in U.S. dollars. Amounts denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates. | |
Net realized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, if any, represent, among other things, the net realized gains and losses on foreign currency exchange contracts, disposition of foreign currencies and the difference between the amount of income accrued and the U.S. dollars actually received. Further, the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on investments are not segregated on the Statement of Operations from the effects of changes in the market prices of those securities, but are included with the net realized and unrealized gain or loss on investments. | |
D. | Federal Income Taxes |
It is the Fund's policy to comply with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to regulated investment companies and to distribute all of its net taxable income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareowners. Therefore, no provision for federal income taxes is required. As of December 31, 2022, the Fund did not accrue any interest or penalties with respect to uncertain tax positions, which, if applicable, would be recorded as an income tax expense on the Statement of Operations. Tax returns filed within the prior three years remain subject to examination by federal and state tax authorities. | |
The amount and character of income and capital gain distributions to shareowners are determined in accordance with federal income tax rules, which may differ from U.S. GAAP. Distributions in excess of net investment income or net realized gains are temporary over distributions for financial statement purposes resulting from differences in the recognition or classification of income or distributions for financial statement and tax purposes. Capital accounts within the financial statements are adjusted for permanent book/tax differences to reflect tax character, but are not adjusted for temporary differences. |
At December 31, 2022, the Fund deferred $26,089,706 of short-term Post-October losses, which will be recognized by the Fund as occurring at the start of the next fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. | |
The tax character of distributions paid during the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, was as follows: |
2022 | 2021 | |
Distributions paid from: | ||
Ordinary income | $ 63,506,166 | $ 441,139,710 |
Long-term capital gains | 204,734,675 | 717,216,404 |
Total | $ 268,240,841 | $1,158,356,114 |
2022 | |
Distributable earnings/(losses): | |
Undistributed ordinary income | $ 2,569,105 |
Net unrealized appreciation | 1,072,733,142 |
Qualified late year loss deferral | (26,089,706) |
Total | $ 1,049,212,541 |
E. | Fund Shares |
The Fund records sales and repurchases of its shares as of trade date. The Distributor earned $327,763 in underwriting commissions on the sale of Class A shares during the year ended December 31, 2022. |
F. | Class Allocations |
Income, common expenses and realized and unrealized gains and losses are calculated at the Fund level and allocated daily to each class of shares based on its respective percentage of adjusted net assets at the beginning of the day. | |
Distribution fees are calculated based on the average daily net asset value attributable to Class A, Class C and Class R shares of the Fund, respectively (see Note 5). Class K and Class Y shares do not pay distribution fees. All expenses and fees paid to the Fund's transfer agent for its services are allocated among the classes of shares based on the number of accounts in each class and the ratable allocation of related out-of-pocket expenses (see Note 4). | |
Distributions to shareowners are recorded as of the ex-dividend date. Distributions paid by the Fund with respect to each class of shares are calculated in the same manner and at the same time, except that net investment income dividends to Class A, Class C, Class K, Class R and Class Y shares can reflect different transfer agent and distribution expense rates. | |
G. | Risks |
The value of securities held by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions, such as real or perceived adverse economic, political or regulatory conditions, recessions, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, inflation, changes in interest rates, armed conflict including Russia's military invasion of Ukraine, sanctions against Russia, other nations or individuals or companies and possible countermeasures, lack of liquidity in the bond markets or adverse investor sentiment. In the past several years, financial markets have experienced increased volatility, depressed valuations, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. These conditions may continue, recur, worsen or spread. Recently, inflation and interest rates have increased and may rise further. These circumstances could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund's investments, impair the Fund's ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the Fund's performance. Raising the ceiling on U.S. government debt has become increasingly politicized. Any failure to increase the ceiling on U.S. government debt could lead to a default on U.S. government obligations, with unpredictable consequences for economies and markets. | |
The global pandemic of the novel coronavirus respiratory disease designated COVID-19 has resulted in major disruption to economies and |
markets around the world, including the United States. Global financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and severe losses, and trading in many instruments has been disrupted. Liquidity for many instruments has been greatly reduced for periods of time. Some sectors of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large losses. These circumstances may continue to affect adversely the value and liquidity of the Fund's investments. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Russian securities have lost all, or nearly all, their market value. Other securities or markets could be similarly affected by past or future political, geopolitical or other events or conditions. | |
Governments and central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, have taken extraordinary and unprecedented actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets. These actions have resulted in significant expansion of public debt, including in the U.S. The consequences of high public debt, including its future impact on the economy and securities markets, may not be known for some time. | |
The U.S. and other countries are periodically involved in disputes over trade and other matters, which may result in tariffs, investment restrictions and adverse impacts on affected companies and securities. For example, the U.S. has imposed tariffs and other trade barriers on Chinese exports, has restricted sales of certain categories of goods to China, and has established barriers to investments in China. Trade disputes may adversely affect the economies of the U.S. and its trading partners, as well as companies directly or indirectly affected and financial markets generally. If the political climate between the U.S. and China does not improve or continues to deteriorate, if China were to attempt unification of Taiwan by force, or if other geopolitical conflicts develop or get worse, economies, markets and individual securities may be severely affected both regionally and globally, and the value of the Fund's assets may go down. | |
At times, the Fund’s investments may represent industries or industry sectors that are interrelated or have common risks, making the Fund more susceptible to any economic, political, or regulatory developments or other risks affecting those industries and sectors. | |
The Fund’s investments in foreign markets and countries with limited developing markets may subject the Fund to a greater degree of risk than investments in a developed market. These risks include disruptive political or economic conditions, military conflicts and sanctions, terrorism, sustained economic downturns, financial instability, less liquid trading markets, extreme price volatility, currency risks, reduction of government or central bank support, inadequate accounting |
standards, tariffs, tax disputes or other tax burdens, nationalization or expropriation of assets, and the imposition of adverse governmental laws, arbitrary application of laws and regulations or lack of rule of law and investment and repatriation restrictions. Lack of information and less market regulation also may affect the value of these securities. Withholding and other non-U.S. taxes may decrease the Fund’s return. Non-U.S. issuers may be located in parts of the world that have historically been prone to natural disasters. Investing in depositary receipts is subject to many of the same risks as investing directly in non-U.S. issuers. Depositary receipts may involve higher expenses and may trade at a discount (or premium) to the underlying security. | |
Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. In response to the military action by Russia, various countries, including the U.S., the United Kingdom, and European Union issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia and Belarus and certain companies and individuals. Since then, Russian securities have lost all, or nearly all, their market value, and many other issuers, securities and markets have been adversely affected. The United States and other countries may impose sanctions on other countries, companies and individuals in light of Russia’s military invasion. The extent and duration of the military action or future escalation of such hostilities, the extent and impact of existing and future sanctions, market disruptions and volatility, and the result of any diplomatic negotiations cannot be predicted. These and any related events could have a significant impact on the value and liquidity of certain Fund investments, on Fund performance and the value of an investment in the Fund, particularly with respect to securities and commodities, such as oil, natural gas and food commodities, as well as other sectors with exposure to Russian issuers or issuers in other countries affected by the invasion, and are likely to have collateral impacts on market sectors globally. | |
The Fund may invest in REIT securities, the value of which can fall for a variety of reasons, such as declines in rental income, fluctuating interest rates, poor property management, environmental liabilities, uninsured damage, increased competition, or changes in real estate tax laws. | |
With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. While the Fund’s Adviser has established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, limit or mitigate, such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by service |
providers to the Fund such as the Fund’s custodian and accounting agent, and the Fund’s transfer agent. In addition, many beneficial owners of Fund shares hold them through accounts at broker-dealers, retirement platforms and other financial market participants over which neither the Fund nor the Adviser exercises control. Each of these may in turn rely on service providers to them, which are also subject to the risk of cyber-attacks. Cybersecurity failures or breaches at the Adviser or the Fund’s service providers or intermediaries have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value, impediments to trading, the inability of Fund shareowners to effect share purchases, redemptions or exchanges or receive distributions, loss of or unauthorized access to private shareowner information and violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, or additional compliance costs. Such costs and losses may not be covered under any insurance. In addition, maintaining vigilance against cyber-attacks may involve substantial costs over time, and system enhancements may themselves be subject to cyber-attacks. | |
The Fund’s prospectus contains unaudited information regarding the Fund’s principal risks. Please refer to that document when considering the Fund’s principal risks. |
Shareowner Communications: | |
Class A | $1,384,464 |
Class C | 14,194 |
Class K | 2,999 |
Class R | 3,196 |
Class Y | 63,654 |
Total | $1,468,507 |
March 1, 2023
Amundi Asset Management US, Inc.
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
Ernst & Young LLP
Amundi Distributor US, Inc.
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.
Name, Age and Position Held With the Trust | Term of Office and Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During At Least The Past Five Years | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During At Least The Past Five Years |
Thomas J. Perna (72) Chairman of the Board and Trustee | Trustee since 2006. Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal. | Private investor (2004 – 2008 and 2013 – present); Chairman (2008 – 2013) and Chief Executive Officer (2008 – 2012), Quadriserv, Inc. (technology products for securities lending industry); and Senior Executive Vice President, The Bank of New York (financial and securities services) (1986 – 2004) | Director, Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (investor communications and securities processing provider for financial services industry) (2009 – present); Director, Quadriserv, Inc. (2005 – 2013); and Commissioner, New Jersey State Civil Service Commission (2011 – 2015) |
John E. Baumgardner, Jr. (71)* Trustee | Trustee since 2019. Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal. | Of Counsel (2019 – present), Partner (1983-2018), Sullivan & Cromwell LLP (law firm). | Chairman, The Lakeville Journal Company, LLC, (privately-held community newspaper group) (2015-present) |
Diane Durnin (65) Trustee | Trustee since 2019. Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal. | Managing Director - Head of Product Strategy and Development, BNY Mellon Investment Management (investment management firm) (2012-2018); Vice Chairman – The Dreyfus Corporation (2005 – 2018): Executive Vice President Head of Product, BNY Mellon Investment Management (2007-2012); Executive Director- Product Strategy, Mellon Asset Management (2005-2007); Executive Vice President Head of Products, Marketing and Client Service, Dreyfus Corporation (investment management firm) (2000-2005); Senior Vice President Strategic Product and Business Development, Dreyfus Corporation (1994-2000) | None |
Name, Age and Position Held With the Trust | Term of Office and Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During At Least The Past Five Years | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During At Least The Past Five Years |
Benjamin M. Friedman (78) Trustee | Trustee since 2008. Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal. | William Joseph Maier Professor of Political Economy, Harvard University (1972 – present) | Trustee, Mellon Institutional Funds Investment Trust and Mellon Institutional Funds Master Portfolio (oversaw 17 portfolios in fund complex) (1989 - 2008) |
Craig C. MacKay (59) Trustee | Trustee since 2021. Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal. | Partner, England & Company, LLC (advisory firm) (2012 – present); Group Head – Leveraged Finance Distribution, Oppenheimer & Company (investment bank) (2006 – 2012); Group Head – Private Finance & High Yield Capital Markets Origination, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey (investment bank) (2003 – 2006); and Founder and Chief Executive Officer, HNY Associates, LLC (investment bank) (1996 – 2003) | Director, Equitable Holdings, Inc. (financial services holding company) (2022 – present); Board Member of Carver Bancorp, Inc. (holding company) and Carver Federal Savings Bank, NA (2017 – present); Advisory Council Member, MasterShares ETF (2016 – 2017); Advisory Council Member, The Deal (financial market information publisher) (2015 – 2016); Board Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Danis Transportation Company (privately-owned commercial carrier) (2000 – 2003); Board Member and Chief Financial Officer, Customer Access Resources (privately-owned teleservices company) (1998 – 2000); Board Member, Federation of Protestant Welfare Agencies (human services agency) (1993 – present); and Board Treasurer, Harlem Dowling Westside Center (foster care agency) (1999 – 2018) |
Name, Age and Position Held With the Trust | Term of Office and Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During At Least The Past Five Years | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During At Least The Past Five Years |
Lorraine H. Monchak (66) Trustee | Trustee since 2017. (Advisory Trustee from 2014 - 2017). Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal. | Chief Investment Officer, 1199 SEIU Funds (healthcare workers union pension funds) (2001 – present); Vice President – International Investments Group, American International Group, Inc. (insurance company) (1993 – 2001); Vice President Corporate Finance and Treasury Group, Citibank, N.A. (1980 – 1986 and 1990 – 1993); Vice President – Asset/Liability Management Group, Federal Farm Funding Corporation (government-sponsored issuer of debt securities) (1988 – 1990); Mortgage Strategies Group, Shearson Lehman Hutton, Inc. (investment bank) (1987 – 1988); Mortgage Strategies Group, Drexel Burnham Lambert, Ltd. (investment bank) (1986 – 1987) | None |
Marguerite A. Piret (74) Trustee | Trustee since 1982. Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal. | Chief Financial Officer, American Ag Energy, Inc. (controlled environment and agriculture company) (2016 – present); President and Chief Executive Officer, Metric Financial Inc. (formerly known as Newbury Piret Company) (investment banking firm) (1981 – 2019) | Director of New America High Income Fund, Inc. (closed-end investment company) (2004 – present); and Member, Board of Governors, Investment Company Institute (2000 – 2006) |
Name, Age and Position Held With the Trust | Term of Office and Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During At Least The Past Five Years | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During At Least The Past Five Years |
Fred J. Ricciardi (75) Trustee | Trustee since 2014. Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal. | Private investor (2020 – present); Consultant (investment company services) (2012 – 2020); Executive Vice President, BNY Mellon (financial and investment company services) (1969 – 2012); Director, BNY International Financing Corp. (financial services) (2002 – 2012); Director, Mellon Overseas Investment Corp. (financial services) (2009 – 2012); Director, Financial Models (technology) (2005-2007); Director, BNY Hamilton Funds, Ireland (offshore investment companies) (2004-2007); Chairman/Director, AIB/BNY Securities Services, Ltd., Ireland (financial services) (1999-2006); Chairman, BNY Alternative Investment Services, Inc. (financial services) (2005-2007) | None |
* Mr. Baumgardner is Of Counsel to Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, which acts as counsel to the Independent Trustees of each Pioneer Fund. |
Name, Age and Position Held With the Trust | Term of Office and Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During At Least The Past Five Years | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During At Least The Past Five Years |
Lisa M. Jones (60)** Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | Trustee since 2017. Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal | Director, CEO and President of Amundi US, Inc. (investment management firm) (since September 2014); Director, CEO and President of Amundi Asset Management US, Inc. (since September 2014); Director, CEO and President of Amundi Distributor US, Inc. (since September 2014); Director, CEO and President of Amundi Asset Management US, Inc. (since September 2014); Chair, Amundi US, Inc., Amundi Distributor US, Inc. and Amundi Asset Management US, Inc. (September 2014 – 2018); Managing Director, Morgan Stanley Investment Management (investment management firm) (2010 – 2013); Director of Institutional Business, CEO of International, Eaton Vance Management (investment management firm) (2005 – 2010); Director of Amundi Holdings US, Inc. (since 2017) | Director of Clearwater Analytics (provider of web-based investment accounting software for reporting and reconciliation services) (September 2022 – present) |
Kenneth J. Taubes (64)** Trustee | Trustee since 2014. Serves until a successor trustee is elected or earlier retirement or removal | Director and Executive Vice President (since 2008) and Chief Investment Officer, U.S. (since 2010) of Amundi US, Inc. (investment management firm); Director and Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, U.S. of Amundi US (since 2008); Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, U.S. of Amundi Asset Management US, Inc. (since 2009); Portfolio Manager of Amundi US (since 1999); Director of Amundi Holdings US, Inc. (since 2017) | None |
** Ms. Jones and Mr. Taubes are Interested Trustees because they are officers or directors of the Fund’s investment adviser and certain of its affiliates. |
Name, Age and Position Held With the Trust | Term of Office and Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During At Least The Past Five Years | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During At Least The Past Five Years |
Christopher J. Kelley (58) Secretary and Chief Legal Officer | Since 2003. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Vice President and Associate General Counsel of Amundi US since January 2008; Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of all of the Pioneer Funds since June 2010; Assistant Secretary of all of the Pioneer Funds from September 2003 to May 2010; Vice President and Senior Counsel of Amundi US from July 2002 to December 2007 | None |
Thomas Reyes (60) Assistant Secretary | Since 2010. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Assistant General Counsel of Amundi US since May 2013 and Assistant Secretary of all the Pioneer Funds since June 2010; Counsel of Amundi US from June 2007 to May 2013 | None |
Heather L. Melito-Dezan (46) Assistant Secretary | Since 2022. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Director - Trustee and Board Relationships of Amundi US since September 2019; Private practice from 2017 – 2019. | None |
Anthony J. Koenig, Jr. (59) Treasurer and Chief Financial and Accounting Officer | Since 2021. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Managing Director, Chief Operations Officer and Fund Treasurer of Amundi US since May 2021; Treasurer of all of the Pioneer Funds since May 2021; Assistant Treasurer of all of the Pioneer Funds from January 2021 to May 2021; and Chief of Staff, US Investment Management of Amundi US from May 2008 to January 2021 | None |
Luis I. Presutti (57) Assistant Treasurer | Since 2000. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Director – Fund Treasury of Amundi US since 1999; and Assistant Treasurer of all of the Pioneer Funds since 1999 | None |
Gary Sullivan (64) Assistant Treasurer | Since 2002. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Senior Manager – Fund Treasury of Amundi US since 2012; and Assistant Treasurer of all of the Pioneer Funds since 2002 | None |
Antonio Furtado (40) Assistant Treasurer | Since 2020. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Fund Oversight Manager – Fund Treasury of Amundi US since 2020; Assistant Treasurer of all of the Pioneer Funds since 2020; and Senior Fund Treasury Analyst from 2012 - 2020 | None |
Name, Age and Position Held With the Trust | Term of Office and Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During At Least The Past Five Years | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During At Least The Past Five Years |
Michael Melnick (51) Assistant Treasurer | Since 2021. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Vice President - Deputy Fund Treasurer of Amundi US since May 2021; Assistant Treasurer of all of the Pioneer Funds since July 2021; Director of Regulatory Reporting of Amundi US from 2001 – 2021; and Director of Tax of Amundi US from 2000 - 2001 | None |
John Malone (52) Chief Compliance Officer | Since 2018. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Managing Director, Chief Compliance Officer of Amundi US Asset Management; Amundi Asset Management US, Inc.; and the Pioneer Funds since September 2018; Chief Compliance Officer of Amundi Distributor US, Inc. since January 2014. | None |
Brandon Austin (50) Anti-Money Laundering Officer | Since 2022. Serves at the discretion of the Board | Director, Financial Security – Amundi Asset Management; Anti-Money Laundering Officer of all the Pioneer Funds since March 2022: Director of Financial Security of Amundi US since July 2021; Vice President, Head of BSA, AML and OFAC, Deputy Compliance Manager, Crédit Agricole Indosuez Wealth Management (investment management firm) (2013 – 2021) | None |
new accounts, prospectuses, applications
and service forms
account information and transactions
Retirement plans information | 1-800-622-0176 |
P.O. Box 9897
Providence, RI 02940-8097
Our toll-free fax | 1-800-225-4240 |
Our internet e-mail address | us.askamundi@amundi.com (for general questions about Amundi only) |
60 State Street
Boston, MA 02109
60 State Street, Boston, MA 02109
Underwriter of Pioneer Mutual Funds, Member SIPC
© 2023 Amundi Asset Management US, Inc. 18627-17-0223
ITEM 2. | CODE OF ETHICS. |
(a) Disclose whether, as of the end of the period covered by the report, the registrant has adopted a code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, regardless of whether these individuals are employed by the registrant or a third party. If the registrant has not adopted such a code of ethics, explain why it has not done so.
The registrant has adopted, as of the end of the period covered by this report, a code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and controller.
(b) For purposes of this Item, the term “code of ethics” means written standards that are reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:
(1) Honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;
(2) Full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a registrant files with, or submits to, the Commission and in other public communications made by the registrant;
(3) Compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules, and regulations;
(4) The prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the code; and
(5) Accountability for adherence to the code.
(c) The registrant must briefly describe the nature of any amendment, during the period covered by the report, to a provision of its code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, regardless of whether these individuals are employed by the registrant or a third party, and that relates to any element of the code of ethics definition enumerated in paragraph (b) of this Item. The registrant must file a copy of any such amendment as an exhibit pursuant to Item 10(a), unless the registrant has elected to satisfy paragraph (f) of this Item by posting its code of ethics on its website pursuant to paragraph (f)(2) of this Item, or by undertaking to provide its code of ethics to any person without charge, upon request, pursuant to paragraph (f)(3) of this Item.
The registrant has made no amendments to the code of ethics during the period covered by this report.
(d) If the registrant has, during the period covered by the report, granted a waiver, including an implicit waiver, from a provision of the code of ethics to the registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, regardless of whether these individuals are employed by the registrant or a third party, that relates to one or more of the items set forth in paragraph (b) of this Item, the registrant must briefly describe the nature of the waiver, the name of the person to whom the waiver was granted, and the date of the waiver.
Not applicable.
(e) If the registrant intends to satisfy the disclosure requirement under paragraph (c) or (d) of this Item regarding an amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of its code of ethics that applies to the
registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and that relates to any element of the code of ethics definition enumerated in paragraph (b) of this Item by posting such information on its Internet website, disclose the registrant’s Internet address and such intention.
Not applicable.
(f) The registrant must:
(1) File with the Commission, pursuant to Item 12(a)(1), a copy of its code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, as an exhibit to its annual report on this Form N-CSR (see attachment);
(2) Post the text of such code of ethics on its Internet website and disclose, in its most recent report on this Form N-CSR, its Internet address and the fact that it has posted such code of ethics on its Internet website; or
(3) Undertake in its most recent report on this Form N-CSR to provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of such code of ethics and explain the manner in which such request may be made. See Item 10(2)
ITEM 3. | AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT. |
(a) (1) Disclose that the registrant’s Board of Trustees has determined that the registrant either:
(i) Has at least one audit committee financial expert serving on its audit committee; or
(ii) Does not have an audit committee financial expert serving on its audit committee.
The registrant’s Board of Trustees has determined that the registrant has at least one audit committee financial expert.
(2) If the registrant provides the disclosure required by paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this Item, it must disclose the name of the audit committee financial expert and whether that person is “independent.” In order to be considered “independent” for purposes of this Item, a member of an audit committee may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the Board of Trustees, or any other board committee:
(i) Accept directly or indirectly any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the issuer; or
(ii) Be an “interested person” of the investment company as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Act (15 U.S.C. 80a-2(a)(19)).
Mr. Fred J. Ricciardi, an independent Trustee, is such an audit committee financial expert.
(3) If the registrant provides the disclosure required by paragraph (a)(1) (ii) of this Item, it must explain why it does not have an audit committee financial expert.
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES. |
(a) Disclose, under the caption AUDIT FEES, the aggregate fees billed for each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of the registrant’s annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.
The audit fees for the Fund were $27,961 payable to Ernst & Young LLP for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $26,010 for the year ended December 31, 2021.
(b) Disclose, under the caption AUDIT-RELATED FEES, the aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for assurance and related services by the principal accountant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit of the registrant’s financial statements and are not reported under paragraph (a) of this Item. Registrants shall describe the nature of the services comprising the fees disclosed under this category.
There were no audit-related services in 2022 or 2021.
(c) Disclose, under the caption TAX FEES, the aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning. Registrants shall describe the nature of the services comprising the fees disclosed under this category.
The Fund paid aggregate non-audit fees to Ernst & Young LLP for tax services of $8,803 and $8,189 during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(d) Disclose, under the caption ALL OTHER FEES, the aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for products and services provided by the principal accountant, other than the services reported in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this Item. Registrants shall describe the nature of the services comprising the fees disclosed under this category.
There were no other fees in 2022 or 2021.
(e) (1) Disclose the audit committee’s pre-approval policies and procedures described in paragraph (c)(7) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.
PIONEER FUNDS
APPROVAL OF AUDIT, AUDIT-RELATED, TAX AND OTHER SERVICES
PROVIDED BY THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR
SECTION I - POLICY PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY
The Pioneer Funds recognize the importance of maintaining the independence of their outside auditors. Maintaining independence is a shared responsibility involving Amundi Asset Management US, Inc., the audit committee and the independent auditors.
The Funds recognize that a Fund’s independent auditors: 1) possess knowledge of the Funds, 2) are able to incorporate certain services into the scope of the audit, thereby avoiding redundant work, cost and disruption of Fund personnel and processes, and 3) have expertise that has value to the Funds. As a result, there are situations where it is desirable to use the Fund’s independent auditors for services in addition to the annual audit and where the potential for conflicts of interests are minimal. Consequently, this policy, which is intended to comply with Rule 210.2-01(C)(7), sets forth guidelines and procedures to be followed by the Funds when retaining the independent audit firm to perform audit, audit-related tax and other services under those circumstances, while also maintaining independence.
Approval of a service in accordance with this policy for a Fund shall also constitute approval for any other Fund whose pre-approval is required pursuant to Rule 210.2-01(c)(7)(ii).
In addition to the procedures set forth in this policy, any non-audit services that may be provided consistently with Rule 210.2-01 may be approved by the Audit Committee itself and any pre-approval that may be waived in accordance with Rule 210.2-01(c)(7)(i)(C) is hereby waived.
Selection of a Fund’s independent auditors and their compensation shall be determined by the Audit Committee and shall not be subject to this policy.
SECTION II - POLICY | ||||
SERVICE CATEGORY | SERVICE CATEGORY DESCRIPTION | SPECIFIC PRE-APPROVED SERVICE SUBCATEGORIES | ||
I. AUDIT SERVICES | Services that are directly related to performing the independent audit of the Funds | • Accounting research assistance
• SEC consultation, registration statements, and reporting | ||
• Tax accrual related matters | ||||
• Implementation of new accounting standards | ||||
• Compliance letters (e.g. rating agency letters) | ||||
• Regulatory reviews and assistance regarding financial matters | ||||
• Semi-annual reviews (if requested) | ||||
• Comfort letters for closed end offerings | ||||
II. AUDIT-RELATED SERVICES | Services which are not prohibited under Rule 210.2-01(C)(4) (the “Rule”) and are related extensions of the audit services support the audit, or use the knowledge/expertise gained from the audit procedures as a foundation to complete the project. In most cases, if the Audit-Related Services are not performed by the Audit firm, the scope of the Audit Services would likely increase. The Services are typically well-defined and governed by accounting professional standards (AICPA, SEC, etc.) | • AICPA attest and agreed-upon procedures
• Technology control assessments
• Financial reporting control assessments
• Enterprise security architecture assessment |
AUDIT COMMITTEE APPROVAL POLICY | AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORTING POLICY | |
• “One-time” pre-approval for the audit period for all pre-approved specific service subcategories. Approval of the independent auditors as auditors for a Fund shall constitute pre approval for these services. | • A summary of all such services and related fees reported at each regularly scheduled Audit Committee meeting. | |
• “One-time” pre-approval for the fund fiscal year within a specified dollar limit for all pre-approved specific service subcategories | • A summary of all such services and related fees (including comparison to specified dollar limits) reported quarterly. |
• Specific approval is needed to exceed the pre-approved dollar limit for these services (see general Audit Committee approval policy below for details on obtaining specific approvals) | ||
• Specific approval is needed to use the Fund’s auditors for Audit-Related Services not denoted as “pre-approved”, or to add a specific service subcategory as “pre-approved” |
SECTION III - POLICY DETAIL, CONTINUED
SERVICE CATEGORY | SERVICE CATEGORY DESCRIPTION | SPECIFIC PRE-APPROVED SERVICE SUBCATEGORIES | ||
III. TAX SERVICES | Services which are not prohibited by the Rule, if an officer of the Fund determines that using the Fund’s auditor to provide these services creates significant synergy in the form of efficiency, minimized disruption, or the ability to maintain a desired level of confidentiality. | • Tax planning and support
• Tax controversy assistance
• Tax compliance, tax returns, excise tax returns and support
• Tax opinions |
AUDIT COMMITTEE APPROVAL POLICY | AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORTING POLICY | |
• “One-time” pre-approval for the fund fiscal year within a specified dollar limit | • A summary of all such services and related fees (including comparison to specified dollar limits) reported quarterly. | |
• Specific approval is needed to exceed the pre-approved dollar limits for these services (see general Audit Committee approval policy below for details on obtaining specific approvals) | ||
• Specific approval is needed to use the Fund’s auditors for tax services not denoted as pre-approved, or to add a specific service subcategory as “pre-approved” |
SECTION III - POLICY DETAIL, CONTINUED
SERVICE CATEGORY | SERVICE CATEGORY DESCRIPTION | SPECIFIC PRE-APPROVED SERVICE SUBCATEGORIES | ||
IV. OTHER SERVICES
A. SYNERGISTIC, UNIQUE QUALIFICATIONS | Services which are not prohibited by the Rule, if an officer of the Fund determines that using the Fund’s auditor to provide these services creates significant synergy in the form of efficiency, minimized disruption, the ability to maintain a desired level of confidentiality, or where the Fund’s auditors posses unique or superior qualifications to provide these services, resulting in superior value and results for the Fund. | • Business Risk Management support
• Other control and regulatory compliance projects |
AUDIT COMMITTEE APPROVAL POLICY | AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORTING POLICY | |
• “One-time” pre-approval for the fund fiscal year within a specified dollar limit | • A summary of all such services and related fees (including comparison to specified dollar limits) reported quarterly. | |
• Specific approval is needed to exceed the pre-approved dollar limits for these services (see general Audit Committee approval policy below for details on obtaining specific approvals) | ||
• Specific approval is needed to use the Fund’s auditors for “Synergistic” or “Unique Qualifications” Other Services not denoted as pre-approved to the left, or to add a specific service subcategory as “pre-approved” |
SECTION III - POLICY DETAIL, CONTINUED
SERVICE CATEGORY | SERVICE CATEGORY DESCRIPTION | SPECIFIC PROHIBITED SERVICE SUBCATEGORIES | ||
PROHIBITED SERVICES | Services which result in the auditors losing independence status under the Rule. | 1. Bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements of the audit client* | ||
2. Financial information systems design and implementation* | ||||
3. Appraisal or valuation services, fairness* opinions, or contribution-in-kind reports | ||||
4. Actuarial services (i.e., setting actuarial reserves versus actuarial audit work)* | ||||
5. Internal audit outsourcing services* | ||||
6. Management functions or human resources | ||||
7. Broker or dealer, investment advisor, or investment banking services | ||||
8. Legal services and expert services unrelated to the audit | ||||
9. Any other service that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board determines, by regulation, is impermissible |
AUDIT COMMITTEE APPROVAL POLICY | AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORTING POLICY | |
• These services are not to be performed with the exception of the(*) services that may be permitted if they would not be subject to audit procedures at the audit client (as defined in rule 2-01(f)(4)) level the firm providing the service. | • A summary of all services and related fees reported at each regularly scheduled Audit Committee meeting will serve as continual confirmation that has not provided any restricted services. |
GENERAL AUDIT COMMITTEE APPROVAL POLICY:
• | For all projects, the officers of the Funds and the Fund’s auditors will each make an assessment to determine that any proposed projects will not impair independence. |
• | Potential services will be classified into the four non-restricted service categories and the “Approval of Audit, Audit-Related, Tax and Other Services” Policy above will be applied. Any services outside the specific pre-approved service subcategories set forth above must be specifically approved by the Audit Committee. |
• | At least quarterly, the Audit Committee shall review a report summarizing the services by service category, including fees, provided by the Audit firm as set forth in the above policy. |
(2) Disclose the percentage of services described in each of paragraphs (b) through (d) of this Item that were approved by the audit committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.
Non-Audit Services
Beginning with non-audit service contracts entered into on or after May 6, 2003, the effective date of the new SEC pre-approval rules, the Trust’s audit committee is required to pre-approve services to affiliates defined by SEC rules to the extent that the services are determined to have a direct impact on the operations or financial reporting of the Trust. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no services provided to an affiliate that required the Trust’s audit committee pre-approval.
(f) If greater than 50 percent, disclose the percentage of hours expended on the principal accountants engagement to audit the registrant’s financial statements for the most recent fiscal year that were attributed to work performed by persons other than the principal accountant’s full-time, permanent employees.
N/A
(g) Disclose the aggregate non-audit fees billed by the registrants accountant for services rendered to the registrant, and rendered to the registrants investment adviser (not including any sub-adviser whose role is primarily portfolio management and is subcontracted with or overseen by another investment adviser), and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant for each of the last two fiscal years of the registrant.
The Fund paid aggregate non-audit fees to Ernst & Young LLP for tax services of $8,803 and $8,189 during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(h) Disclose whether the registrants audit committee of the Board of Trustees has considered whether the provision of non-audit services that were rendered to the registrants investment adviser (not including any subadviser whose role is primarily portfolio management and is subcontracted with or overseen by another investment adviser), and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant that were not pre-approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant’s independence.
The Fund’s audit committee of the Board of Trustees has considered whether the provision of non-audit services that were rendered to the Affiliates (as defined) that were not pre- approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant’s independence.
ITEM 5. | AUDIT COMMITTEE OF LISTED REGISTRANTS |
(a) If the registrant is a listed issuer as defined in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.10A-3), state whether or not the registrant has a separately-designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(58)(A)). If the registrant has such a committee, however designated, identify each committee member. If the entire board of directors is acting as the registrant’s audit committee as specified in Section 3(a)(58)(B) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(58)(B)), so state.
N/A
(b) If applicable, provide the disclosure required by Rule 10A-3(d) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.10A-3(d)) regarding an exemption from the listing standards for audit committees.
N/A
ITEM 6. | SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS. |
File Schedule of Investments in securities of unaffiliated issuers as of the close of the reporting period as set forth in 210.1212 of Regulation S-X [17 CFR 210.12-12], unless the schedule is included as part of the report to shareholders filed under Item 1 of this Form.
Included in Item 1
ITEM 7. | DISCLOSURE OF PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES. |
A closed-end management investment company that is filing an annual report on this Form N-CSR must, unless it invests exclusively in non-voting securities, describe the policies and procedures that it uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the company uses when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of its shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the company’s investment adviser; principal underwriter; or any affiliated person (as defined in Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a-2(a)(3)) and the rules thereunder) of the company, its investment adviser, or its principal underwriter, on the other. Include any policies and procedures of the company’s investment adviser, or any other third party, that the company uses, or that are used on the company’s behalf, to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities.
Not applicable to open-end management investment companies.
ITEM 8. | PORTFOLIO MANAGERS OF CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES. |
(a) If the registrant is a closed-end management investment company that is filing an annual report on this Form N-CSR, provide the following information:
(1) State the name, title, and length of service of the person or persons employed by or associated with the registrant or an investment adviser of the registrant who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the registrant’s portfolio (“Portfolio Manager”). Also state each Portfolio Manager’s business experience during the past 5 years.
Not applicable to open-end management investment companies.
ITEM 9. | PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANY AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS. |
(a) If the registrant is a closed-end management investment company, in the following tabular format, provide the information specified in paragraph (b) of this Item with respect to any purchase made by or on behalf of the registrant or any affiliated purchaser, as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.10b-18(a)(3)), of shares or other units of any class of the registrant’s equity securities that is registered by the registrant pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 781).
Not applicable to open-end management investment companies.
ITEM 10. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS. |
Describe any material changes to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees to the registrant’s board of directors, where those changes were implemented after the registrant last provided disclosure in response to the requirements of Item 407(c)(2)(iv) of Regulation S-R(17 CFR 229.407)(as required by Item 22(b)(15)) of Schedule 14A (17 CFR 240.14a-101), or this Item.
There have been no material changes to the procedures by which the shareholders may recommend nominees to the registrant’s board of directors since the registrant last provided disclosure in response to the requirements of Item 407(c)(2)(iv) of Regulation S-R of Schedule 14(A) in its definitive proxy statement, or this item.
ITEM 11. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. |
(a) Disclose the conclusions of the registrant’s principal executive and principal financials officers, or persons performing similar functions, regarding the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Act (17 CFR 270.30a-3(c))) as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of the report that includes the disclosure required by this paragraph, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 30a-3(b) under the Act (17 CFR 270.30(a)-3(b) and Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13a-15(b) or 240.15d-15(b)).
The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report.
(b) Disclose any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Act (17CFR 270.30a-3(d)) that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
There were no significant changes in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 12. | Disclosure of Securities Lending Activities for Closed-End Management Investment Companies. |
(a) If the registrant is a closed-end management investment company, provide the following dollar amounts of income and compensation related to the securities lending activities of the registrant during its most recent fiscal year:
N/A
(1) Gross income from securities lending activities;
N/A
(2) All fees and/or compensation for each of the following securities lending activities and related services: any share of revenue generated by the securities lending program paid to the securities lending agent(s) (revenue split); fees paid for cash collateral management services (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split; administrative fees that are not included in the revenue split; fees for indemnification that are not included in the revenue split; rebates paid to borrowers; and any other fees relating to the securities lending program that are not included in the revenue split, including a description of those other fees;
N/A
(3) The aggregate fees/compensation disclosed pursuant to paragraph (2); and
N/A
(4) Net income from securities lending activities (i.e., the dollar amount in paragraph (1) minus the dollar amount in paragraph (3)).
If a fee for a service is included in the revenue split, state that the fee is included in the revenue split.
N/A
(b) If the registrant is a closed-end management investment company, describe the services provided to the registrant by the securities lending agent in the registrants most recent fiscal year.
N/A
ITEM 13. | EXHIBITS. |
(a) File the exhibits listed below as part of this Form. Letter or number the exhibits in the sequence indicated.
SIGNATURES
[See General Instruction F]
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
(Registrant) Pioneer Fund
By (Signature and Title)* /s/ Lisa M. Jones
Lisa M. Jones, President and Chief Executive Officer
Date March 8, 2023
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
By (Signature and Title)* /s/ Lisa M. Jones
Lisa M. Jones, President and Chief Executive Officer
Date March 8, 2023
By (Signature and Title)* /s/ Anthony J. Koenig, Jr.
Anthony J. Koenig, Jr., Managing Director, Chief Operations Officer & Treasurer of the Funds
Date March 8, 2023
* | Print the name and title of each signing officer under his or her signature. |