Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Oct. 31, 2013 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
Principles of Consolidation | ' |
Principles of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash equivalents are comprised of certain highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. The Company had $17,952 and $25,143 in cash and cash equivalents at October 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
Inventory | ' |
Inventory - Inventory is stated at the lower of cost [determined on a first-in, first-out basis] or market. Inventory consists of purchased laboratory supplies, which is used in our various testing laboratories. |
Property and Equipment | ' |
Property and Equipment - Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which generally range from 2 to 15 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the lease or improvement, which is typically five years. |
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The statements of operations reflect depreciation expense related to property and equipment of $18,745, $16,082 and $13,684 for the years ended October 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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On sale or retirement, the asset cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts, and any related gain or loss is reflected in general and administrative expenses. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. |
Goodwill | ' |
Goodwill - Effective November 1, 2011, the Company adopted revised Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) rules promulgated under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-08 issued on September 15, 2011, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Testing Goodwill for Impairment. Under these simplified goodwill impairment testing rules the Company assessed qualitative factors to determine whether events and circumstances lead to the conclusion that it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test have occurred and determined that no such events had occurred. Under ASU No. 2011-08, entities are not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless they conclude that it is more likely than not that the unit’s carrying value is greater than its fair value based on an assessment of events and circumstances. The “more likely than not” threshold is when there is a likelihood of more than 50% that a reporting unit’s carrying value is greater than its fair value. No impairment loss was recognized in the years ended October 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. |
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The balance sheet reflects prior Goodwill accumulated amortization of $2,401 as of October 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
Other Intangible Assets | ' |
Other Intangible Assets - Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method. The estimated useful life of costs capitalized is evaluated for each specific project when completed, at which time such costs begin to be amortized. The statements of operations reflect amortization expense related to intangible assets of $994, $581, and $1,322 for the years ended October 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The balance sheet reflects accumulated amortization of $8,846, and $7,852 as of October 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively. During the 2013 and 2012 fiscal years, the Company did not write off any intangible assets. |
New Accounting pronouncements | ' |
New Accounting pronouncements |
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Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The Company adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-7: Health Care Entities (Topic 954) — Presentation and Disclosure of Patient Service Revenue, Provision for Bad Debts, and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for Certain Health Care Entities commencing with the current fiscal year, the first year such standard is required for the Company. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. |
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Although this update does not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements as a whole, it requires that we adjust our presentation of our statement of operations along with prior periods presented in this report to maintain comparability. As the result of this change in presentation, our “Net Revenues”, “Gross Profit on Revenues” and our “General and Administrative Expenses” would change while our “Operating Income”, “Net Income” and “Earnings per Share” will remain the same. The presentation is adjusted for a portion of our “Bad Debt Expense” that is now reported in our Net Revenues as required under ASU No. 2011-7. |
Accounting for Revenue | ' |
Accounting for Revenue |
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Service revenues are principally generated from laboratory testing services including chemical diagnostic tests such as blood analysis, urine analysis and genetic testing among others. Service revenues are recognized at the time the testing services are performed and are reported at their estimated net realizable amounts. |
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Service revenues before provision for bad debts are determined utilizing gross service revenues net of contractual adjustments and discounts. Even though it is the responsibility of the patient to pay for laboratory service bills, most individuals in the United States have an agreement with a third party payor such as Medicare, Medicaid or a commercial insurance provider to pay all or a portion of their healthcare expenses. The majority of services provided by Bio-Reference Laboratories, Inc. (“BRLI”) are to patients covered under a third party payor contract. In certain cases, the individual has no insurance or does not provide insurance information and in other cases tests are performed under contract to a professional organization (such as physicians, hospitals, and clinics) which reimburses BRLI directly. In the remainder of the cases, BRLI is provided the third party billing information and seeks payment from the third party under the terms and conditions of the third party payor for health service providers like BRLI. Each of these third party payors may differ not only with regard to rates, but also with regard to terms and conditions of payment and providing coverage (reimbursement) for specific tests. Estimated revenues are established based on a series of highly complex procedures and judgments that require industry specific healthcare experience and an understanding of payor methods and trends. We review our calculations on a monthly basis in order to make certain that we are properly allowing for the uncollectable portion of our gross billings due to the contractual adjustments and discounts and that our estimates remain sensitive to variances and changes within our payor groups. The contractual allowance calculation is made on the basis of historical allowance rates for the various specific payor groups on a monthly basis with a greater weight being given to the most recent trends This process is adjusted based on recent changes in underlying contract provisions and shifts in the testing being performed. This calculation is routinely analyzed by BRLI on the basis of actual allowances issued by payors and the actual payments made to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed. The table below shows the adjustments made to gross service revenues to arrive at net revenues, the amount reported on our statement of operations. |
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| | ($) | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | October 31, | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | |
Gross Service Revenues | | 3,524,108 | | 3,052,431 | | 2,482,349 | |
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Contractual Adjustments and Discounts: | | | | | | | |
Medicare/Medicaid Portion | | 354,638 | | 320,697 | | 293,874 | |
All Other Third Party Payors* | | 2,393,872 | | 2,070,073 | | 1,629,833 | |
Total Contractual Adjustments and Discounts | | 2,748,510 | | 2,390,770 | | 1,923,707 | |
Service Revenues Net of Contractual Adjustments and Discounts | | 775,598 | | 661,661 | | 558,642 | |
Patient Service Revenue Provision for Bad Debts** | | 60,244 | | 47,406 | | 36,561 | |
Net Revenues | | 715,354 | | 614,255 | | 522,081 | |
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Percent of Contractual Allowances, Discounts and Patient Service Provision for Bad Debts to Gross Revenue. | | 79.7 | % | 79.9 | % | 79 | % |
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* All Other Third Party and Direct Payors consists of almost eight hundred distinct payors, including commercial health insurers and administrators as well as professionally billed accounts such as physicians, hospitals, clinics and other direct billed accounts. |
** Represents the amount of Bad Debt Expense that is now required to be presented as a deduction from patient service revenue (net of contractual allowances and discounts) pursuant to ASU No. 2011-7. |
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When new business is received by BRLI, service revenues net of contractual adjustments and discounts are calculated by reducing gross service revenues by the estimated contractual allowance. The Patient Service Revenue Provision for Bad Debts represents the amount of bad debt expense expected to occur on patient service revenue based upon our experience. The remaining bad debt expense is presented as part of operating expenses. The bad debt expense presented as part of operating expense represents the bad debt expense related to receivables from service revenues determined after taking into account our ability to collect on such revenue. BRLI recognized the amounts in subsequent periods for actual allowances/discounts to gross service revenue; bad debt may have been adjusted over the same periods of time to maintain an accurate balance between net revenues and actual revenues. Management has reviewed the allowances/discounts recognized in subsequent periods and believes the amounts to be immaterial. A number of proposals for legislation or regulation continue to be under discussion which could have the effect of substantially reducing Medicare reimbursements for clinical laboratories or introducing cost sharing to beneficiaries. Depending upon the nature of regulatory action, if any, which is taken and the content of legislation, if any, which is adopted, the Company could experience a significant decrease in revenues from Medicare and Medicaid, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company is unable to predict, however, the extent to which such actions will be taken. |
Accounting for Contractual Credits and Doubtful Accounts | ' |
Accounting for Contractual Credits and Doubtful Accounts |
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It is typically the responsibility of the patient to pay for laboratory service bills. Most individuals in the United States have an agreement with a third party payor such as Medicare, Medicaid or commercial insurance to pay all or a portion of their healthcare expenses; this represents the major portion of payment for all services provided by BRLI. In certain cases, the individual has no insurance or does not provide insurance information; in the remainder of the cases, BRLI is provided the third party billing information, usually by the referring physician, and seeks payment from the third party under the terms and conditions of the third party payor for health service providers like BRLI. Each of these third party payors may differ not only with regard to rates, but also with regard to terms and conditions of payment and coverage of specific tests. BRLI routinely reviews the reimbursement policies and subsequent payments and collection rates from these different types of payors. Contractual adjustments and discounts are recorded as reductions to gross service revenues and are collectively referred to as the contractual allowance. BRLI has not been required to record an adjustment in a subsequent period related to revenue recorded in a prior period which was material in nature. Aging of accounts receivable is monitored by billing personnel and follow-up activities including collection efforts are conducted as necessary. BRLI writes off receivables against the allowance for doubtful accounts when they are deemed uncollectible. For client billing, accounts are written off when all reasonable collection efforts prove to be unsuccessful. Patient accounts, where the patient is directly responsible for all or a remainder portion of the account after partial payment or denial by a third party payor, are written off after the normal dunning cycle has occurred, although these may be subsequently transferred to a third party collection agency after being written off. Third party payor accounts are written off when they exceed the payer’s timely filing limits. Accounts Receivable on the balance sheet is net of the following amounts for contractual credits and doubtful accounts: |
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| | ($) | | | |
| | October 31, | | October 31, | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | | |
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Contractual Credits/Discounts | | 342,297 | | 267,921 | | | |
Doubtful Accounts | | 89,261 | | 51,274 | | | |
Total Allowance | | 431,558 | | 319,195 | | | |
Current Income Taxes | ' |
Current Income Taxes — The Company recognizes interest and penalties on settlement of tax liabilities in its income from operations. For the fiscal years 2011 through 2013, no material amounts for interest and penalties have been recorded. |
Deferred Income Taxes | ' |
Deferred Income Taxes - Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. |
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The Company adopted GAAP guidance with respect to uncertain tax positions when it became effective. Under these rules the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it meets the more-likely-than-not criteria (over 50% likelihood) of being realized on an examination by taxing authorities. For the years ended October 31, 2011 through October 31, 2013 the Company had no material uncertain tax positions to report. |
Earnings Per Share | ' |
Earnings Per Share - Basic earnings per share [“EPS”] reflects the amount of income attributable to each share of common stock based on average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects Basic EPS while giving effect to all potential dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period, such as common shares that could result from the exercise or conversion of securities into common stock. The computation of Diluted EPS is calculated by using the treasury stock method, which assumes that any proceeds obtained from the exercise of such dilutive securities would be used to purchase common stock at the average market price of the common stock during the period. This reduces the gross number of dilutive shares by the number of shares purchasable from the proceeds of the securities assumed to be exercised. Securities whose conversion would have an anti-dilutive effect on EPS are not assumed converted. Securities that could potentially dilute earnings in the future are disclosed in Note 10. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Recoverability and Impairment of Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets | ' |
Recoverability and Impairment of Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets — The Company evaluates the possible impairment of its long-lived assets under the provisions of FASB codification 350-30-35 and 360-10-35. The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets on an annual basis. Evaluation of possible impairment is based on the Company’s ability to recover the asset from the expected future pretax cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If the expected undiscounted pretax cash flows are less than the carrying amount of such asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and carrying amount of the asset. No impairment loss was recognized in the fiscal years ended October 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. |
Advertising Costs | ' |
Advertising Costs -Advertising costs are expensed when incurred. Advertising costs amounted to approximately $3,200, $2,366 and $2,026 for the years ended October 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
Other Income | ' |
Other Income — During the year the Company recorded a loss of $450on its investment in IncellDx. The loss represents the Company’s share of IncellDX undistributed net loss under the equity method of accounting. During the year ended October 31, 2013 the Company received a refund of $1,062 for its New York State clinical laboratory inspection fee that was included in other income. |
Subsequent Events | ' |
Subsequent Events — The management considered subsequent events through the date the financial statements are issued as defined in FASB Codification 855-10-50. |