Emerging Markets Growth FundSM
Seeks long-term growth of capital by investing in companies operating in developing countries around the world
Semi-annual report for the six months ended December 31, 2006
Dear shareholders:
Emerging markets equities made a steady recovery from the slide in mid-2006 to end the reporting period with substantial gains. For the six-month period ended December 31, 2006, the net asset value of the Emerging Markets Growth Fund rose 26.7% with distributions reinvested. The MSCI Emerging Markets IndexSM gained 23.3% with net dividends reinvested over the same period.
Although market liquidity and low long-term interest rates contributed to investor enthusiasm for emerging markets equities, the key drivers behind the recovery appeared to be the faster economic expansion and higher corporate earnings growth of emerging markets compared to developed markets.
Market review
The market’s advance was broad-based. Shares of companies with substantial businesses in domestic economies led the markets, while cyclical industries such as energy and information technology lagged. The telecommunication services and financial sectors were the largest contributors to the market’s gains. Utilities, industrials and consumer staples stocks also had solid returns.
Telecommunication services stocks rose in Indonesia, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Mexico — markets where wireless service providers have experienced rapid growth. Existing phone subscribers have increased their use of mobile phone services while new subscribers have been added at a rapid clip.
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EMGF total returns vs. MSCI Emerging Markets Index
for periods ended 12/31/06 (with distributions reinvested)
| | | | | | MSCI | | | |
| | | Emerging | | | | | | Emerging | | | | |
| | | Markets | | | | | | Markets | | | | |
| | Growth Fund | | | Annualized | | | Index* | | | Annualized | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
6 months | | | + 26.7 | % | | — | % | | + 23.3 | % | | — | % |
12 months | | | + 36.5 | | | — | | | + 32.2 | | | — | |
3 years | | | +128.1 | | | +31.6 | | | +122.4 | | | +30.5 | |
5 years | | | +211.2 | | | +25.5 | | | +225.1 | | | +26.6 | |
10 years | | | +204.1 | | | +11.8 | | | +141.3 | | | + 9.2 | |
Lifetime | | | +3,468.2 | | | +19.0 | | | —† | | | —† | |
(since 5/30/86) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
*Returns for MSCI Emerging Markets Index reflect gross dividends through December 31, 2000, and net dividends thereafter. The index is unmanaged and does not reflect sales charges, commissions or expenses.
† MSCI Emerging Markets Index did not start until December 31, 1987.
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Telecommunication services providers also benefited from falling prices of handsets and telecommunications equipment. Russia’s Vimpel-Communications rose 72%, India’s Bharti Airtel gained 77%, South Africa’s MTN advanced 63% and Telekomunikasi Indonesia rose 42%. These fast-growing markets also piqued the interest of large Western mobile phone companies. U.K.-based Vodafone made an offer for Hutchison Essar in India and found itself bidding against India-based competitor Reliance Communications.
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Percentage changes for markets and stock prices are in U.S. dollars and are for the six-month period ended December 31, 2006, unless otherwise noted.
Figures shown are past results and are not predictive of results in future periods. The results shown are before taxes on fund distributions and sale of fund shares. Current and future results may be lower or higher than those shown. Share prices and returns will vary, so investors may lose money. Investing for short periods makes losses more likely. Investments are not FDIC-insured, nor are they deposits of or guaranteed by a bank or any other entity. For current information and month-end results, please call 800/421-0180, ext. 96245. Investing outside the United States, especially in developing markets, is subject to additional risks, such as currency and price fluctuations, political instability, differing securities regulations and periods of illiquidity, which are detailed in the fund’s prospectus.
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Banks and other consumer lending companies are also benefiting from rapid economic growth in the large emerging markets economies. Financial stocks rose 106% in Russia, 68% in India, 65% in China and 32% in Brazil. A string of high-profile initial public offerings (IPOs) from China buoyed its financials sector. The highlight was a $21.9 billion offering from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. China accounted for approximately half of the $93 billion in emerging markets IPOs in 2006. Shares of financial firms in the more mature markets of South Korea and Taiwan rose 7% and 9%, respectively.
In the technology world, optimism about a new cycle of growth from a spectrum of new products boosted stocks of Taiwanese companies that supply the components and products to brand-name global companies. Hon Hai Precision, which manufactures personal computers, PDAs (personal digital assistants) and other technology products, rose 39%. Foxconn International, a subsidiary of Hon Hai specializing in the manufacture of mobile phones for companies like Motorola, gained 53%. Meanwhile, Indian technology service providers benefited from better pricing power and simultaneous business growth. Infosys Technologies, among the largest Indian IT service providers, rose 51%. However, the outlook was less positive when it came to the traditional DRAM (dynamic random access memory) chip market. Investors appeared to worry that after a relatively strong cycle, demand for DRAM chips may be petering out. Common shares of Samsung Electronics, the largest manufacturer of these computer chips, rose only 4%. Samsung is also one of the largest producers of TFT LCD (thin film transistor liquid crystal display) television screens, where profit margins were eroded by declining prices for these flat panels. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing, the large Taiwanese semiconductor foundry, advanced 15%.
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10 largest equity holdings | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | Percent of gain/loss | |
| | Percent of | | for the 6 months | |
| | net assets as | | ended 12/31/06* | |
| | | of 12/31/06 | | (in U.S. dollars) | |
| | | | | | | |
Samsung Electronics | | | 2.9 | % | | 4.4 | % |
Hon Hai Precision | | | 2.6 | | | 38.6 | |
América Móvil | | | 2.5 | | | 33.0 | |
Taiwan Semiconductor | | | 2.2 | | | 14.7 | |
Kookmin Bank | | | 2.1 | | | -2.2 | |
Telekomunikasi Indonesia | | | 2.1 | | | 41.6 | |
Wal-Mart de México | | | 2.0 | | | 59.3 | |
Infosys Technologies | | | 1.8 | | | 51.4 | |
Orascom Construction | | | 1.4 | | | 56.8 | |
Teva Pharmaceutical | | | 1.3 | | | -1.6 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | | 20.9 | % | | | |
*The percentage change reflects the increase or decrease in the market price per share of respective equity securities held in the portfolio for the entire period. The actual gain or loss on the total position in the fund may differ from the percentage shown.
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The automobiles industry was a weak area of the market. South Korean car manufacturers dominate the industry in the emerging markets, and a strong won currency dented profit margins in local currency terms. Hyundai Motor shares declined 15% while Kia Motors fell 16%. Meanwhile, global pharmaceutical companies gained ground in their battle against emerging markets generic drug manufacturers, protecting both their patents and profit margins, which dampened results for the emerging markets generic drug manufacturers. Teva Pharmaceutical, the largest generics drug manufacturer, fell 2%.
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Where the fund’s assets are invested | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Percent of net assets | | | | | Value of holdings | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 12/31/06 | |
| | | 12/31/05 | | | 6/30/06 | | | 12/31/06 | | | 6/30/06 | | | 12/31/06 | | | (in thousands) | |
Asia-Pacific | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
China | | | 4.1 | % | | 7.3 | % | | 9.6 | % | | 9.4 | % | | 11.8 | % | $ | 1,280,461 | |
Hong Kong | | | 1.5 | | | 1.6 | | | 1.5 | | | — | | | — | | | 202,615 | |
India | | | 7.9 | | | 5.5 | | | 6.5 | | | 6.1 | | | 6.6 | | | 870,549 | |
Indonesia | | | 3.0 | | | 4.0 | | | 3.4 | | | 1.5 | | | 1.6 | | | 454,068 | |
Malaysia | | | 3.2 | | | 3.2 | | | 3.9 | | | 2.7 | | | 2.6 | | | 516,171 | |
Philippines | | | .3 | | | .3 | | | .8 | | | .4 | | | .5 | | | 108,048 | |
Singapore | | | .1 | | | — | | | .2 | | | — | | | — | | | 29,443 | |
South Korea | | | 20.1 | | | 16.5 | | | 11.0 | | | 17.9 | | | 15.5 | | | 1,465,191 | |
Taiwan | | | 11.3 | | | 11.1 | | | 11.9 | | | 13.7 | | | 12.5 | | | 1,580,805 | |
Thailand | | | 1.7 | | | 2.5 | | | 1.5 | | | 1.6 | | | 1.5 | | | 194,711 | |
Vietnam | | | .1 | | | .2 | | | .4 | | | — | | | — | | | 46,436 | |
| | | 53.3 | | | 52.2 | | | 50.7 | | | 53.3 | | | 52.6 | | | 6,748,498 | |
Latin America | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Argentina | | | .9 | | | .4 | | | .4 | | | .8 | | | .8 | | | 56,221 | |
Brazil | | | 10.4 | | | 9.3 | | | 9.6 | | | 11.0 | | | 10.5 | | | 1,278,462 | |
Chile | | | .5 | | | .3 | | | .5 | | | 1.6 | | | 1.5 | | | 62,683 | |
Colombia | | | .8 | | | .4 | | | .3 | | | .3 | | | .3 | | | 41,301 | |
Costa Rica | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 395 | |
Dominican Republic | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,464 | |
Mexico | | | 7.0 | | | 6.6 | | | 7.7 | | | 5.7 | | | 6.2 | | | 1,025,675 | |
Peru | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | .5 | | | .5 | | | 7,276 | |
Venezuela | | | .2 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,544 | |
| | | 19.9 | | | 17.1 | | | 18.6 | | | 19.9 | | | 19.8 | | | 2,475,021 | |
Eastern Europe and Middle East | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Croatia | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Czech Republic | | | — | | | — | | | .1 | | | .8 | | | .8 | | | 7,874 | |
Hungary | | | .2 | | | .1 | | | .4 | | | 1.0 | | | 1.1 | | | 47,368 | |
Israel | | | 4.1 | | | 2.9 | | | 2.5 | | | 2.7 | | | 2.3 | | | 337,736 | |
Kazakhstan | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | .2 | | | — | | | — | | | 33,859 | |
Oman | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | — | | | — | | | 13,175 | |
Poland | | | .1 | | | — | | | .4 | | | 1.7 | | | 1.7 | | | 52,345 | |
Russia | | | 3.4 | | | 5.6 | | | 5.3 | | | 8.8 | | | 10.6 | | | 704,735 | |
Sri Lanka | | | — | | | — | | | .1 | | | — | | | — | | | 8,018 | |
Turkey | | | 3.1 | | | 2.6 | | | 3.4 | | | 1.5 | | | 1.4 | | | 456,170 | |
United Arab Emirates | | | — | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | — | | | — | | | 18,584 | |
| | | 11.2 | | | 11.6 | | | 12.6 | | | 16.5 | | | 17.9 | | | 1,679,864 | |
Africa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Egypt | | | 1.6 | | | 1.9 | | | 2.0 | | | .7 | | | .8 | | | 268,611 | |
Morocco | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | .3 | | | .3 | | | 13,432 | |
South Africa | | | 8.5 | | | 9.5 | | | 8.7 | | | 8.9 | | | 8.3 | | | 1,154,383 | |
| | | 10.2 | | | 11.5 | | | 10.8 | | | 9.9 | | | 9.4 | | | 1,436,426 | |
Other markets2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Canada | | | .4 | | | .5 | | | .4 | | | | | | | | | 50,971 | |
Luxembourg | | | — | | | .2 | | | — | | | | | | | | | — | |
Netherlands | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | .2 | | | | | | | | | 24,341 | |
Sweden | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | .1 | | | | | | | | | 15,228 | |
United Kingdom | | | .7 | | | .7 | | | .7 | | | | | | | | | 91,693 | |
United States of America | | | .4 | | | .4 | | | .6 | | | | | | | | | 82,283 | |
| | | 1.7 | | | 2.0 | | | 2.0 | | | | | | | | | 264,516 | |
Multinational | | | .5 | | | .4 | | | .5 | | | | | | | | | 67,749 | |
Other3 | | | 1.4 | | | 1.2 | | | 1.1 | | | | | | | | | 149,049 | |
Cash & equivalents less liabilities | | | 1.8 | | | 4.0 | | | 3.7 | | | | | | | | | 491,234 | |
Total net assets | | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | | | | | | | $ | 13,312,357 | |
1 MSCI Emerging Markets Index also includes Jordan (0.2% at 6/30/06 and 0.1% at 12/31/06) and Pakistan (0.2% at 6/30/06 and 0.2% at 12/31/06).
A dash indicates that the market is not included in the index. Source: MSCI.
2 Includes investments in companies incorporated in the region that have significant operations in emerging markets.
3 Includes stocks in initial period of acquisition.
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Energy prices softened, partly on expectations that global economic growth could decelerate following steady tightening of monetary policy in the U.S. and Europe, as well as tougher credit conditions in several emerging markets. Against this backdrop, energy stocks trailed the broader markets. Russia’s efforts to reassert greater state control over oil assets appeared to add to investor nervousness. Majority state-owned Gazprom bought back control of the strategic oil fields development project in Sakhalin Island from Royal Dutch Shell and its partners. Gazprom American Depositary Receipts rose 9% while shares of LUKOIL, Russia’s largest oil producer, rose 5%. During the period, Gazprom increased the availability of its shares to foreign investors, making it the largest stock in the MSCI EM Index by market capitalization.
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Percent change in key markets* | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | Six months ended 12/31/06 | |
| | | Expressed | | | Expressed | |
| | | in U.S. | | | in local | |
| | | dollars | | | currency | |
| | | | | | | |
Asia-Pacific | | | | | | | |
China | | | 47.8 | % | | 48.0 | % |
India | | | 37.3 | | | 32.0 | |
Indonesia | | | 41.3 | | | 37.2 | |
Malaysia | | | 27.9 | | | 22.8 | |
Pakistan | | | .9 | | | 2.0 | |
Philippines | | | 52.6 | | | 40.8 | |
South Korea | | | 10.5 | | | 8.3 | |
Taiwan | | | 16.0 | | | 16.8 | |
Thailand | | | 8.6 | | | 2.9 | |
| | | | | | | |
Latin America | | | | | | | |
Argentina | | | 24.7 | | | 24.0 | |
Brazil | | | 22.7 | | | 21.1 | |
Chile | | | 28.3 | | | 26.5 | |
Colombia | | | 40.8 | | | 22.2 | |
Mexico | | | 37.3 | | | 31.7 | |
Peru | | | 26.4 | | | 25.5 | |
Venezuela | | | 19.5 | | | 55.2 | |
| | | | | | | |
Eastern Europe and Middle East | | | | | | | |
Czech Republic | | | 23.5 | | | 15.5 | |
Hungary | | | 35.4 | | | 16.5 | |
Israel | | | 11.0 | | | 6.3 | |
Poland | | | 29.6 | | | 18.1 | |
Russia | | | 17.7 | | | 17.5 | |
Turkey | | | 23.5 | | | 10.2 | |
| | | | | | | |
Africa | | | | | | | |
Egypt | | | 47.1 | | | 46.0 | |
Morocco | | | 16.7 | | | 13.7 | |
South Africa | | | 20.1 | | | 18.7 | |
| | | | | | | |
Other markets | | | | | | | |
Jordan | | | -9.6 | | | -9.5 | |
| | | | | | | |
Emerging Markets | | | | | | | |
Growth Fund | | | 26.7 | | | | |
*Including reinvestment of net dividends. All indexes are compiled by MSCI and are unmanaged.
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Mergers-and-acquisitions (M&A) activity was brisk in the materials sector and went two ways — emerging markets companies looking to acquire assets abroad and global firms seeking a bigger market share in developing markets. Mexico’s Cemex bid for Australian cement maker Rinker, Holcim increased its stake in India’s Gujarat Ambuja Cement and India’s Tata Steel made an offer for Britain’s Corus. Brazil’s iron ore producer, Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), outbid rivals to acquire Canadian nickel miner Inco.
China and India both managed to sustain high economic growth rates that appeared to impress investors. The MSCI China Index advanced 48%, notching the highest return among emerging markets after the Philippines. Indian stocks were also a draw, although the market’s high valuation tempered investor enthusiasm. Indonesia was another strong market in Asia, supported by reasonable valuations, an improving economy and greater political stability brought by President Susilo Yudhoyono. The MSCI Indonesia Index rose 41%.
Authorities in India and China made efforts to prevent their fast-growing economies from developing excesses, restraining credit to areas such as real estate. Monetary authorities across emerging markets struggled to find the right balance between fostering economic growth, keeping inflation in check, avoiding liquidity-driven asset bubbles and preventing excessive currency appreciation to keep exports competitive. Many central banks raised short-term interest rates to keep inflationary pressures at bay, and some raised reserve ratio requirements against deposits to reduce what they saw as excess market liquidity. However, the higher real interest rates offered by emerging markets attracted foreign investors, who borrowed in low-yielding currencies like the yen and invested in higher yielding emerging markets. The result was a steady decline in local long-term bond yields for many economies, which in turn lowered borrowing costs for the corporate sector.
In an extraordinary action, the Bank of Thailand imposed a 30% withholding requirement on some capital inflows in December in an apparent bid to stem speculation in the baht. An immediate sharp decline in financial assets forced authorities to rescind capital restrictions on equity investments, but some other limitations were kept in place. The controls were imposed just three months after the government of Prime Minister Thakshin Shinawatra was ousted in a military coup.
Overall, political developments had a muted impact on markets. Independent central banks, high foreign exchange reserves and manageable public debt levels seemed to immunize financial markets against politics to a degree. Eastern European markets were supported by stronger currencies, improving fiscal finances and tentative signs of more stable politics. Latin America pulled through a series of presidential elections with mixed results. Ecuador’s president sought to renegotiate the country’s debt and Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez entered his third term as president. In Mexico, Felipe Calderón won a narrow victory over populist Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Brazil re-elected Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who promised to persist with orthodox macroeconomic policies.
Portfolio review
Fund results were strong for the six-month period ended December 31, 2006, and were higher than those of the fund’s benchmark, the MSCI EM Index. Stock selection played a key role, and the fund’s choice of stocks in several sectors contributed to returns, especially those in information technology, consumer staples and industrials. Stock selection was also good in several markets, including Mexico, Russia and Taiwan. On the other hand, stock selection was poor in the financials and health care sectors, as well as in China and South Africa, dampening results relative to the index.
Some of the fund’s most successful investments of the period were in the cement industry, including China’s Anhui Conch Cement, up 105%, and India’s Gujarat Ambuja Cement, which rose 47%. The rise in infrastructure spending in many developing economies and ongoing consolidation in the industry buoyed cement stocks. Fund investments in construction companies with large projects in the Middle East also rose, including Egypt’s Orascom Construction, up 57%, and South Africa’s Murray & Roberts, which advanced 61%. Several South African gold stocks declined as the price of gold fluctuated during the period.
Stock selection within energy was also favorable, as we held few of the large integrated Russian oil producers. Our investment in China Shenhua Energy also helped returns. China’s largest coal producer, Shenhua rose 30%, benefiting from rising coal prices and strong domestic demand. On the other hand, South African energy company Sasol, another fund holding, declined 4%.
Our telecommunication services investments were largely in the rapidly growing markets of Mexico, Indonesia, India and Russia, where telecommunications stocks rose. Wireless market penetration is still low in these markets and cellular providers continue to enjoy substantial revenue and earnings growth. However, we had fewer investments in wireless service providers in China and South Africa, which also fared well.
Several of the fund’s investments in retail stocks also had good returns. These included multiline retailers Grupo Famsa in Mexico, Lojas Renner in Brazil and Shopper’s Stop in India. Wal-Mart de México, Massmart in South Africa, X-5 Retail in Russia and Migros in Turkey also contributed to fund results. The portfolio continued to invest in a wide group of retail companies. As the emerging economies modernize, retail chains are increasing their presence in the food, apparel and personal care areas, enjoying revenue and earnings growth.
Our selection of stocks in the financials area was a detractor to relative results. We had reduced investments in shares of Brazilian and Indian banks in 2005 and early 2006 on the view that, after sharp gains, the valuations of these stocks were not as attractive as opportunities in other areas. However, many of these stocks continued to rise through the period, supported by economic expansion and, in Brazil, declining short-term rates. In addition, the fund’s investment in South Korean banks, particularly Kookmin Bank, also detracted from results. Kookmin’s shares declined 2%, hurt partly by the unraveling of the bank’s planned acquisition of U.S.-based investor Lone Star Funds’ stake in Korea Exchange Bank.
During the period, the fund increased its investments in China. It also invested in IPOs from China on a selective basis. Many of the fund’s investments in China have been in medium-sized private enterprises rather than the large state-owned companies. Fund managers continue to be optimistic about the long-term prospects of many Chinese companies, which are attracting high-quality management and have shown greater attention to profitability. Although the Chinese economy could decelerate from its heady growth pace, we believe that long-term prospects remain good. We reduced investments in South Korea, primarily by trimming investments in technology companies, including Samsung Electronics and LG.Philips LCD. On the other hand, we increased investments in Taiwanese and Indian technology companies, where fund managers saw greater opportunity. Hon Hai Precision, Infosys Technologies and Foxconn International were among the fund’s top contributors, while the investment in LG.Philips LCD was a detractor.
Outlook
Following a four-year bull run, it is unlikely that emerging markets equities will match the 36% average annualized returns of the past four years, at least in the near term. Nevertheless, we believe the long-term outlook for emerging markets remains quite positive, despite some short-term risks.
The market’s advance has been accompanied by substantial improvements in the macroeconomic policies of developing countries, and more significantly in the aggregate profitability of the corporate sector. Supported by rapid economic growth, productivity gains and a robust global economy, the average earnings growth rate for the emerging markets has been notably higher compared to developed markets. Indeed, growth in the emerging markets this decade has averaged more than twice that of the developed world.
Despite the recent sharp gains, emerging markets appear attractive on almost every significant financial measure, both historically and relatively. Price/earnings ratio and price-to-book value are lower than developed markets while return-on-equity and earnings growth have been higher for several years.
That said, stocks are always susceptible to correction after a sharp rise, and emerging markets securities are no exception. The market’s near 25% drop in mid-2006 reminded us that sharp price declines are always possible. A surge in market liquidity worldwide has lifted prices of most financial assets, including emerging markets equities, and several markets, including India, now appear expensive. The easy absorption of $93 billion in IPOs into the marketplace may be another sign that investors might have gotten ahead of themselves.
A deceleration in rapidly-growing economies is another risk. The measures taken by monetary authorities in China, India and South Korea to restrain credit to rapidly-appreciating areas of the economy could have a near-term dampening effect on demand even though it may strengthen long-term prospects by restraining economic excesses. We believe that any market pull-back triggered by a decline in liquidity or other adverse global financial conditions will be most acute among sectors that have benefited the most from this phenomenon, including energy, commodities and other cyclical areas. Hence, we believe sectors of the market characterized by strong cash flow, steady earnings growth, high dividend yield and secular long-term demand expansion offer the best opportunities.
The emergence of a credit culture among consumers, a steady rise in employment that is less and less dependent on exports and a cyclical upturn in many Asian economies should sustain domestic consumption even in the face of any slowdown in the major Western economies. Industries such as telecommunication services, entertainment, travel, food and retailing will likely benefit from this trend.
Another area that could be a positive surprise is the resurgence of investment in infrastructure. The modernization of infrastructure took a backseat over the last decade as governments emphasized trimming budgets, lowering public debt, building foreign exchange reserves and improving public finances. However, nearly a decade after the Asian financial crisis, there is a growing need for upgrading infrastructure for these economies to stay competitive. Conditions seem ripe for a revival: public finances are much improved, interest rates are low and inflation is within manageable limits. An increase in infrastructure spending should in turn spur private investment.
This view of the markets and economies is currently reflected in the fund’s holdings, with its large investments in consumer staples and consumer discretionary stocks on the one hand, and industrials such as cement, engineering, construction and power equipment companies on the other.
The opening of developing countries and their greater integration in the world has created new trade patterns and given a boost to the global economy. This growth is not the result of excessive demand but rather driven by supply-side improvements, i.e., gains in productivity and cost containment.
In periods of such profound change, asset classes can experience several years of positive momentum. This happened with U.S. small caps in the decade from 1973 to 1983 and the 12-year bull market in Japanese equities from 1978 to 1989. We would argue that the changes underway in the emerging markets are no less profound and they could experience many years of positive momentum, although any such extended period will generally be marked by intervals of volatility.
We look forward to reporting to you in another six months.
Sincerely,
/s/ Shaw B. Wagener
Shaw B. Wagener
President
December 31, 2006
The investment landscape
The geographic concentrations of assets found in Emerging Markets Growth Fund’s portfolio rarely reflect a predetermined decision to concentrate our investment in a particular country or region. More often, these concentrations result from buy-and-sell decisions made on a stock by stock basis, based on intensive, proprietary research. While the emphasis of that research is on companies, the fund’s portfolio managers and analysts also keep a close eye on political and macroeconomic considerations that can affect the fund’s holdings. Here is our view of the investment landscape in the fund’s five largest areas of concentration for the six-month period ended December 31, 2006. The five markets account for 51% of net assets.
Taiwan (11.9% of net assets)
Taiwanese stocks rose 16% during the period. The materials sector led the market with a 23% return, particularly cement companies, while financial companies trailed with a 9% gain.
Technology stocks, which account for 58% of the MSCI Taiwan Index, rose 18%, but results varied widely by stock. Contract electronics manufacturer Hon Hai Precision rose 39% and its mobile phone-making subsidiary Foxconn International gained 53%. MediaTek, which designs chips for an array of consumer products including handsets and PCs, advanced 23%.
Technology heavyweight Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSMC) had less stellar returns, gaining 15%. TSMC has a more mature business than many other Taiwanese technology companies. Nevertheless, as the world’s largest foundry of made-to-order chips, it maintains a dominant presence in several areas of technology. TSMC said it expects demand for personal computers and handsets to rebound in 2007. It also indicated that it was exploring an entry into the rapidly-growing NAND flash memory market. NAND flash memory chips have less capacity than traditional DRAM chips but also use less power and are installed in many portable devices.
Many technology companies were reducing or were considering eliminating the practice of awarding employee bonuses in the form of bonus shares. Investors have long objected to the practice, since it dilutes the ownership stake of existing shareholders. As technology companies do away with this form of compensation, investors have been encouraged to take a fresh look at the valuation of Taiwanese technology companies. Investment returns for the Taiwan technology sector outpaced South Korea’s by a wide margin during the period. The rise in foreign investor interest was also underscored by the bid by private equity firm Carlyle Group to acquire Taiwan’s Advanced Semiconductor Engineering.
Shares of financial companies had the lowest returns. The financial sector is emerging from a consumer credit crisis and loan growth has been expectedly modest. Competition continues to affect margins while many banks grapple with the requirement to increase provisioning for credit losses. Nevertheless, the worst of the consumer-lending crisis appears to be over.
The central bank raised interest rates in December to 2.75%. Despite domestic expansion, private consumption has remained the weak spot in the economy, contracting 1.4% in the third quarter compared to the prior quarter. On the bright side, technology exports showed signs of picking up, especially in electronics and telecom products.
On the political front, the government of President Chen Shui-bian won a narrow victory in key local elections, gaining a reprieve from almost unabated criticism from the opposition. A corruption scandal involving the son-in-law of the president had plunged the ruling party into one of the worst crises it has experienced since it was founded 20 years ago. In November, opposition parties failed for a third time to pass a bill that would allow a referendum on President Chen’s removal from office.
South Korea (11.0% of net assets)
South Korean stocks rose 11%, among the lowest returns in Asia. Information technology, financials and automobiles stocks held back market returns, while industrials, utilities, steel and chemicals stocks led the market.
The economy sustained modest and balanced growth with a rise in industrial production and exports. A stronger Korean won had limited impact on exports, which grew 15% in 2006 over the previous year. However, profit margins in local currency terms were lower for some companies. The two major automobile manufacturers — Hyundai Motor and Kia Motors — also faced stiffer competition from Japanese manufacturers.
The central bank showed a high degree of vigilance against inflation and potential asset bubbles, attempting to curb lending to the hot real estate sector. It also raised reserve ratio requirements against foreign currency deposits to contain appreciation of the won, which gained 2% against the U.S. dollar in the six-month period and 8% over the last 12 months.
Among financial stocks, Kookmin Bank reported a lower net interest margin, slower profit growth and a slight rise in loan loss provisions for the third quarter of 2006. Kookmin’s inability to complete a transaction with U.S.-based investor Lone Star Funds to acquire Korea Exchange Bank (KEB) disappointed investors at multiple levels. The acquisition of KEB would have given Kookmin a substantially larger business profile in corporate lending, foreign exchange and overseas operations. It would have also restored Kookmin’s dominant size within the Korean market. The process by which the transaction was delayed and ultimately scuttled raised questions for investors about the foreign investment process and the influence of politics upon it. Kookmin, whose shares declined 2% over the period, remains the largest retail franchise in South Korea. Insurance and brokerage stocks had better results. Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance rose 29%, and Daewoo Securities gained 31%.
Samsung Electronics, the largest stock in the MSCI Korea Index, had low single-digit returns. Investors appeared to worry that the DRAM chip market could slow after the recent boom in the industry. However, Samsung said it expects to increase the sale of traditional memory chips next year, partly driven by an increase in demand for personal computers. An investigation by U.S. federal authorities into price-fixing for TFT flat panels used for computer monitors and televisions also appeared to hurt shares of Samsung Electronics and LG.Philips LCD. In addition, LG.Philips LCD shares were pressured by a decline in profits and profit margins, and its ADR shares fell 17%. The company invested heavily in plants that specialize in making 42-inch flat panel TVs; however consumer preference has centered around 40-inch and 46-inch TVs, areas of the TV market dominated by Samsung Electronics of South Korea and Sony of Japan.
Shares of automobile manufacturers Hyundai Motor and Kia Motors fell on concerns that the two companies face greater competition from rivals in overseas markets at a time when profitability in local terms is being dented by the strong won currency. Hyundai sells about 70% of its cars overseas while Kia sells 80% of them abroad. Domestic demand for cars was modest at best. There were bright spots in the South Korean market as well. Hankook Tire rose 45%, Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction advanced 31% and Hyundai Development gained 41%.
China (9.6% of net assets)
A robust economy, the success of a large number of initial public offerings (IPOs) and the government’s astute handling of excesses in the economy supported the stock market. The MSCI China Index rose 48% during the period, the best returns among the major emerging markets. Telecommunication services and financials stocks led the way. Several stocks rose more than 100% during the period, including China Life Insurance, China Mengniu Dairy, Anhui Conch Cement and Baoshan Iron & Steel.
China tapped into positive investor sentiment with more than $46 billion in IPOs in 2006, approximately half of the total emerging markets IPOs in the year. The highlight was a $21.9 billion offering from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China in November — the largest-ever stock sale in the global capital markets. The government has been steadily selling a part of its ownership of banks to the capital markets, thereby transferring some of the risk in the financial system to the public markets. The IPOs and overall share price gains have raised substantially the market capitalization of the MSCI China Index, which accounted for 11.8% of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index at the end of the period compared to 7.6% at the end of 2005.
In the second quarter, China’s GDP expanded 11.3% over the same period in the prior year, and the government took a series of steps to prevent pockets of excess in the economy. The People’s Bank of China raised reserve ratio requirements four times since June 2006, bringing it to 9.5% effective January 15, 2007. The central bank appeared to be concerned about excess liquidity in the financial system, especially given the sustained high external trade surplus.
In November, the government temporarily raised export taxes on 110 categories of energy, metals and related items in an effort to ease the country’s record trade surplus and meet domestic demand for commodities.
In M&A activity, CITIC Group announced plans to buy Nations Energy’s Kazakhstan oil assets, and the country’s top steelmaker, Shanghai’s Baosteel Group, invited two of its top Asian rivals to buy stakes in its long-awaited overseas listing. Several Western companies sought to increase their presence in China’s rapidly-growing retail market. Wal-Mart Stores agreed to acquire Trust-Mart, a closely held Taiwan retailer with large operations in China, and Home Depot was to buy Chinese home-improvement chain Home Way. British retailer Tesco increased its stake in China’s Hymall superstores.
A survey by the National Bureau of Statistics of large industrial companies showed that profits for January through November of 2006 rose 31% over the same period in the prior year, with oil, gas and mining companies benefiting from high commodity prices. The statistics bureau’s survey also showed that the profits of state companies are not rising as fast as those of private or foreign-owned companies.
Brazil (9.6% of net assets)
Brazilian stocks rose nearly 23% in broad-based gains. Consumer stocks led the market as the economy picked up momentum and domestic consumer demand strengthened. The industrials and financials sectors also performed well. Financial stocks were led by Unibanco: its global depositary receipts rose 40%.
An expansion in consumer credit offered by banks and retailers fueled consumer spending, boosting profits for a wide range of consumer companies, including retailers, personal care and beverage companies. Brazil’s two largest e-commerce companies, Submarino and Lojas Americanas, rose 63% and 55%, respectively. The two companies merged in December, creating the largest online retailer in the country.
Commodity stocks rose, spurred by M&A activity that highlighted the global scramble for natural resources. Brazil’s CVRD acquired Canadian nickel miner Inco, outbidding U.S. and Canadian competitors. In December, CVRD obtained an increase in the contract price for iron ore from China’s major steel maker Baosteel, potentially setting a benchmark for global iron ore prices in 2007.
The central bank trimmed the Selic rate by 200 basis points, from 15.25% in June to 13.25% in December. The Brazilian real maintained its ground against the U.S. dollar during the period, appreciating 1% despite the series of rate cuts. Consumer price inflation slowed in 2006 for the fourth consecutive year, opening the door for further rate cuts in 2007.
Incumbent president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of the Workers’ Party won the second round of Brazil’s presidential elections by a significant margin against centrist challenger Geraldo Alckmin. President da Silva signaled he would continue conservative fiscal and monetary policies in his second term. However, the deep party divisions will make it potentially more difficult for the administration to obtain legislative approval for any substantial economic reforms.
President da Silva’s first term was marked by fiscal tightening and real interest rates were among the highest in the world. Those factors, combined with lack of progress on tax reform, held back economic growth and GDP expanded only an average of 2.8% a year. With fiscal accounts in better shape and the central bank easing monetary policy over the past year, the economy started to show some signs of rejuvenation. GDP growth accelerated to a 3.2% annualized rate year-over-year in the third quarter, compared to 1.2% in the second quarter. However, labor and tax costs in Brazil — among some of the highest in the world — remain a challenge.
South Africa (8.7% of net assets)
South African stocks rose more than 20% for the period. Financial assets, including stocks and the currency, rose as investors overcame concerns about rising inflation and slowing consumption. Third-quarter GDP dipped slightly to 4.7% annualized, but investors appeared to revise their outlook for economic growth upward, based on a combination of strong commodity prices and capital inflows.
The slight softening of the economy underscored the structural improvements in South Africa’s economy, which in the past has been characterized by more severe boom and bust cycles. The government of President Thabo Mbeki has shown an impressive ability to balance the dynamics of a fairly ambitious social agenda with orthodox macroeconomic policies.
During the seven years of Mbeki’s administration, South Africa has managed to integrate increasing numbers of black South Africans into the corporate sector (especially the mining industry) and make some progress on containing the spread of the HIV virus. However, the next few years could see greater emphasis on politics. Although presidential elections will not take place until 2009, a power struggle over who will be Mbeki’s successor has already begun within the African National Congress, the dominant political party in South Africa.
The South African government began ramping up spending on infrastructure. With South Africa scheduled to host soccer’s World Cup in 2010, the government has outlined an ambitious infrastructure spending program that is expected to enhance growth. The combination of government spending on infrastructure and rising capital expenditures in the private sector could offset potential slackening in consumer demand in the face of higher interest rates.
The central bank raised key interest rates 200 basis points, from 7.0% in June to 9.0% in December, stemming the slide of the rand that took place in the first half of 2006. The rand appreciated about 2% against the U.S. dollar in the six-month reporting period, although it depreciated 9% over the course of 2006.
The current account deficit declined slightly to 5.2% of GDP in the third quarter of 2006 after nearing a 24-year high. While the large deficit remains a concern for investors, many expect the weaker rand to boost exports and contribute toward narrowing the deficit.
The industrials sector performed well for the period, with construction companies Murray & Roberts gaining 61% and Aveng rising 60%. Telecommunication services was the best-performing sector. MTN Group, the large South African telecommunication provider that services most of the population, rose 63%, reporting substantially higher revenues after announcing its acquisition of Lebanon’s Investcom.
The materials sector rose 6% over the period, with companies reporting mixed results. The stocks of several gold mining companies declined as gold prices fluctuated after hitting a 26-year high in May, but shares of platinum producers rose, supported by higher platinum prices. Energy was the weakest sector, posting the only negative returns. Sasol, which specializes in converting coal and natural gas to liquid petroleum, declined 4%.
About the fund and its adviser
Emerging Markets Growth Fund was organized in 1986 by the International Finance Corporation (IFC), an affiliate of the World Bank, as a vehicle for investing in the securities of companies based in developing countries. The premise behind the formation of the fund was that rapid growth in these countries could create very attractive investment opportunities. It also was felt that the availability of equity capital would stimulate the development of capital markets and encourage countries to liberalize their investment regulations.
An affiliate of Capital International, Inc., the fund’s current investment adviser, was selected by the IFC from a number of global investment firms to manage the fund. Capital International is one of The Capital Group Companies.SM These companies form one of the world’s most experienced investment advisory organizations, with roots dating back to 1931. These companies have been involved in international investing since the 1950s. Capital International employs a research-driven approach. Along with its institutional management affiliates, Capital International maintains a global investment intelligence network that continues to grow and currently employs more than 125 investment professionals based on three continents. They include analysts and portfolio managers, born in over 27 countries, who speak a variety of languages. These professionals travel millions of miles each year, keeping a close watch on industry trends and government actions and scrutinizing thousands of companies.
Over time, the fund’s adviser has devoted increased resources to the task of evaluating and managing investments in developing countries. Currently, there are 23 analysts covering these countries, compared with four in 1986; 19 of these analysts also manage a portion of the fund. Most of the fund’s assets are managed by the seven portfolio managers.
Capital International’s research effort focuses heavily on sectors as well as on individual countries. It is an intensive effort that combines company and industry analysis with a political and macroeconomic overview, and we believe it has given Emerging Markets Growth Fund a competitive edge.
Investment portfolio
unaudited