The following table summarizes our consolidated operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. Refer to the Segments section for a more complete discussion of operating results by line of business.
Servicing continues to be our most profitable segment in spite of the negative impact of higher delinquencies and lower float balances. Higher delinquencies and lower prepayment speeds have resulted in increased interest expense related to the financing of higher servicing advance balances and reduced float income and other revenues. This was offset somewhat by lower amortization of MSRs due to the decline in prepayment speeds. The results for Loans and Residuals were impacted by lower interest income attributed to reduced balances of loans held for resale and subordinates and residuals. The first quarter 2008 results for Asset Management Vehicles primarily reflects our 25% share of the net losses incurred by OSI and ONL and affiliates, largely resulting from charges to reduce loans, real estate and residual securities to their fair values. The improvement in results for Technology Products is primarily due to our 46% share of an increase in the earnings of BMS Holdings. The first quarter 2008 results for Financial Services include the results of NCI, which we acquired on June 6, 2007. Corporate Items and Other results for the first quarter of 2008 include the expenses we incurred related to the “going private” transaction and the unrealized loss on auction rate securities.
Total revenues increased by $13,268, or 12%, in the first quarter of 2008 as compared to the first quarter of 2007 principally because of the acquisition of NCI which added $18,427 of revenues to the Financial Services segment. Revenue of the Servicing segment decreased by $5,085, or 6%, in the first quarter of 2008 primarily due to declines in float earnings and servicing fees, offset in part by the impact from sales of foreclosed real estate. Float earnings declined by $6,305 because of lower average float balances as a consequence of lower mortgage prepayments speeds and higher delinquencies. Servicing fees declined by $3,177 on a declining portfolio. Higher delinquencies also impacted the recognition of servicing fee revenues principally because residential servicing fees are generally not earned until payments are collected. We estimate that for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007, revenue excludes $3,701 and $2,131, respectively, of uncollected servicing fees related to delinquent borrower payments.
Total operating expenses were $4,984, or 6%, higher in the first quarter of 2008. Financial Services segment operating expenses increased by $16,961 largely because of the acquisition of NCI which added $17,069 of operating expenses to this segment in the first quarter of 2008. Operating expenses of Corporate Items and Other increased by $6,423 primarily because of $9,532 of costs related to the proposed “going private” transaction which was mutually withdrawn in March 2008. Operating expenses of the Servicing segment declined by $20,575, or 33%, primarily due to an $18,250 decline in the amortization of MSRs. Slower actual and projected prepayment speeds have reduced the rate of MSR amortization as we expect to earn the servicing income over a longer period of time.
Income from operations improved by $8,284, or 29%, including a $15,491, or 53%, improvement by Servicing.
Other expense, net increased by $17,980 in the first quarter of 2008 as a result of several significant factors. The cost of financing residential servicing advances increased because of the growth in these assets and higher facility fees charged by lenders, resulting in a $10,550, or 103%, increase in interest expense on secured borrowings of the Servicing segment. The Loans and Residuals segment suffered a decline in interest income largely as a result of our sale of the UK residuals in the second quarter of 2007. Other expense, net in Corporate Items and Other increased by $11,650 primarily because of an unrealized loss of $8,939 on auction rate securities reflecting illiquidity in the auction rate securities market. These declines were partially offset by a $7,058 increase in other income, net in the Technology Products segment due to a $7,643 increase in our equity in the earnings of BMS Holdings. The earnings of BMS Holdings reflect significant gains on derivative financial instruments offset in part by unrealized losses on auction rate securities. The derivatives at BMS are intended to hedge against a decline in interest rates.
Changes in Financial Condition
Total assets grew by $359,065, or 15%, in the first quarter of 2008. This increase was primarily due to a $274,739 increase in trading securities, a $60,441 increase in cash, a $30,489 increase in total advances and a $16,827 increase in other assets, partly offset by a $10,524 decline in mortgage servicing rights. The increase in trading securities is primarily due to our investment of Investment Line funds in auction rate securities, which had a fair value of $289,044 at March 31, 2008. The increase in other assets is primarily due to a $13,168 increase in the balance of debt service accounts related to advance funding facilities. Although the rate of amortization has slowed, mortgage servicing rights declined because we did not make any significant additions to our residential servicing portfolio during the first quarter of 2008.
Total liabilities increased by $350,727, or 19%, in the first quarter of 2008. This increase was largely the result of an Investment Line balance of $283,836 related to auction rate securities and a $66,720 increase in amounts due under match funded liabilities that reflects our increased utilization of available borrowing capacity.
At March 31, 2008, we had $594,395 of stockholders’ equity, an $8,249 increase over December 31, 2007 that was primarily due to net income of $5,930 for the first quarter of 2008 and the expiration of stock-based awards.
Liquidity
Cash totaled $174,684 at March 31, 2008, a $60,441 increase as compared to December 31, 2007 due to continued control over operating expenses coupled with limited acquisitions of mortgage servicing rights and the optimization of borrowing under our advance facilities. We have realigned our Pooling and Servicing agreements among our advance financing facilities to maximize the advance rates that are available under the facilities. Collections on residential loans serviced for others were $3,072,811 in the first quarter of 2008, down 34% from the $4,686,086 we collected in the first quarter of 2007 and down 14% from the $3,553,128 collected in the fourth quarter of 2007. Servicer liabilities, which represent cash collected from borrowers but not yet remitted to securitization trusts, have declined by $15,029 from December 31, 2007 to March 31, 2008 while total advances have increased by $30,489 during the same period, principally in our Servicing segment. Although Servicing advances have grown in the first quarter of 2008, the 2% increase represents a significant slowdown as compared to the 25% increase during the fourth quarter of 2007. Management initiatives to modify loans and sell more real estate are the primary reasons for this improvement.
Our borrowings as of March 31, 2008 include $283,836 borrowed under an Investment Line from JPMorgan Chase. The amount of credit available under this line is based on projected custodial balances and has historically been repaid in full at the end of each month. The proceeds from the line can only be used to purchase permitted investments including student loan-backed auction rate securities that are rated AAA. At March 31, 2008, we were unable to liquidate our investment in auction rate securities because of failed auctions. As a result, we could not fully paydown our borrowing under the investment line. On March 28, 2008, we executed an amendment to the Investment Line with JPMorgan Chase that eliminated the requirement that borrowings be paid off at quarter end which resulted in our reporting a liability under the line. We were required to paydown $14,197 of principal at March 31, 2008. On April 30, 2008, we made an additional paydown of $14,597. Although the Investment Line matures on June 30, 2007, we anticipate that we will be successful in negotiating an extension. However, we also anticipate that we will be required to make an additional paydown at that time in an amount approximately equal to the March and April paydowns.
Excluding borrowings under the Investment Line, our borrowings have increased by $86,266 since December 31, 2007, including $125,196 related to our Servicing segment, $66,720 of which resulted from increased borrowings on our advance facilities. The increased borrowing to support the Servicing segment was offset by declines of $22,785 and $15,891 in borrowings by the Loans and Residuals segment and Corporate Items and Other, respectively. The declines were the result of both a decrease in the funding available from the lenders and a decline in the balances of loans held for resale and trading securities that are pledged to secure these borrowings.
Excluding the Investment Line, our total maximum borrowing capacity was $1,530,628 as of March 31, 2008, a decrease of $115,390 as compared to December 31, 2007. This decrease is primarily due to a $91,101 decrease in borrowing capacity of the Servicing segment and a $24,000 decline in borrowing capacity of the Loans and Residuals segment. The decrease in Servicing borrowing capacity is primarily the result of the payoff of a $100,000 term note under one match funded facility that had entered its amortization period in January 2008 and the partial pay down of the $200,000 variable funding note under another match funded facility that entered its amortization period in March 2008. Since the variable funding note had entered its amortization period, no additional borrowing under the facility was available even though the balance outstanding is less than the maximum borrowing capacity of the facility. During February 2008, we negotiated the renewal of another match funded facility and increased the borrowing capacity under that facility from $140,000 to $200,000. We also extended the stated maturity of the facility to March 2011.
In April 2008, we closed a new $300,000 match funded facility and paid in full the balance outstanding under the $200,000 variable funding note that had entered its amortization period in March 2008. These changes bring our maximum borrowing capacity to $1,681,729. The new facility matures in April 2009 and bears interest at 250 basis points above 1-Month LIBOR.
At March 31, 2008, excluding the Investment Line, $122,893 of our total maximum borrowing capacity remained unused, including $113,643 attributed to the Servicing business. Of the unused borrowing capacity, approximately $400 was collateralized and readily available.
25
Financing costs have returned to historic levels that existed prior to 2005. During 2006 and through the early part of 2007, financing costs had come down sharply. However, in the latter part of 2007, credit spreads widened once again because of liquidity constraints and have contributed to the increase in our financing costs.
Outlook
For the remainder of 2008, we expect to make selective additions to our servicing portfolio, and, therefore, revenues may decline as a result of the net runoff of the portfolio. The rate of growth in our advances and delinquency rates has slowed through the first quarter of 2008. We expect the trend toward reduced or negative growth in servicing advances to continue in 2008. The decline in float balances has also slowed as compared to the declines experienced in 2007. Our outlook on prepayment speeds is that they will remain at or near current levels in 2008. Based on the prepayment speed outlook, we expect current float balances to remain constant relative to UPB levels.
SEGMENTS
The following section provides: (1) a discussion of changes in the financial condition of our business segments during the three months ended March 31, 2008, and (2) a discussion of the results of continuing operations of our business segments for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.
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| | Ocwen Asset Management | | Ocwen Solutions | | | | | | | | | | |
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March 31, 2008 | | Servicing | | Loans and Residuals | | Asset Management Vehicles | | Technology Products | | Mortgage Services | | Financial Services | | Corporate Items and Other | | Corporate Eliminations | | Business Segments Consolidated | |
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Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash | | $ | 22 | | $ | 141 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 5,698 | | $ | — | | $ | 168,823 | | $ | — | | $ | 174,684 | |
Cash held for clients | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 445 | | | — | | | (445 | ) | | — | |
Trading securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Auction rate | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 289,044 | | | — | | | 289,044 | |
Other investment grade | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 21,743 | | | — | | | 21,743 | |
Subordinates and residuals | | | — | | | 5,968 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 222 | | | — | | | 6,190 | |
Loans held for resale | | | — | | | 67,880 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 67,880 | |
Advances | | | 287,962 | | | 6,900 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 86 | | | — | | | 294,948 | |
Match funded advances | | | 1,154,525 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,154,525 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | 181,758 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5,013 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 186,771 | |
Receivables | | | 20,074 | | | 2,178 | | | 1,062 | | | 4,638 | | | 5,126 | | | 6,129 | | | 42,929 | | | (9,417 | ) | | 72,719 | |
Deferred tax asset, net | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 177,880 | | | — | | | 177,880 | |
Goodwill and intangibles | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,618 | | | — | | | 52,021 | | | 3,423 | | | — | | | 57,062 | |
Premises and equipment | | | 82 | | | 63 | | | — | | | 6,359 | | | 75 | | | 4,417 | | | 23,035 | | | — | | | 34,031 | |
Investment in subsidiaries | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,120,244 | | | (1,120,244 | ) | | — | |
Investment in unconsolidated entities | | | — | | | — | | | 66,288 | | | 13,552 | | | — | | | — | | | 80 | | | 751 | | | 80,671 | |
Other assets | | | 99,801 | | | 9,755 | | | — | | | 936 | | | 215 | | | 1,810 | | | 19,665 | | | 3,431 | | | 135,613 | |
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Total assets | | $ | 1,744,224 | | $ | 92,885 | | $ | 67,350 | | $ | 27,103 | | $ | 16,127 | | $ | 64,822 | | $ | 1,867,174 | | $ | (1,125,924 | ) | $ | 2,753,761 | |
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Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Match funded liabilities | | $ | 1,068,123 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 1,068,123 | |
Lines of credit and other secured borrowings | | | 319,452 | | | 23,687 | | | — | | | — | | | 3,983 | | | — | | | 14,785 | | | (2,385 | ) | | 359,522 | |
Investment line | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 283,836 | | | — | | | 283,836 | |
Servicer liabilities | | | 189,350 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 105 | | | — | | | 189,455 | |
Cash due to clients | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 445 | | | — | | | (445 | ) | | — | |
Debt securities | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 150,279 | | | — | | | 150,279 | |
Other liabilities | | | 19,383 | | | 3,007 | | | 22 | | | 3,432 | | | 3,232 | | | 9,360 | | | 70,394 | | | (2,747 | ) | | 106,083 | |
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Total liabilities | | $ | 1,596,308 | | $ | 26,694 | | $ | 22 | | $ | 3,432 | | $ | 7,215 | | $ | 9,805 | | $ | 519,399 | | $ | (5,577 | ) | $ | 2,157,298 | |
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| | Ocwen Asset Management | | Ocwen Solutions | | | | | | | | | | |
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Three months ended March 31, 2008 | | Servicing | | Loans and Residuals | | Asset Management Vehicles | | Technology Products | | Mortgage Services | | Financial Services | | Corporate Items and Other | | Corporate Eliminations | | Business Segments Consolidated | |
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Revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Servicing and subservicing fees | | $ | 80,337 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 1,473 | | $ | 16,978 | | $ | 2 | | $ | (576 | ) | $ | 98,214 | |
Process management fees | | | 6,175 | | | — | | | — | | | 3,103 | | | 15,151 | | | 2,521 | | | — | | | — | | | 26,950 | |
Other revenues | | | — | | | — | | | 1,051 | | | 8,123 | | | 131 | | | — | | | 3 | | | (6,221 | ) | | 3,087 | |
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Total revenue | | | 86,512 | | | — | | | 1,051 | | | 11,226 | | | 16,755 | | | 19,499 | | | 5 | | | (6,797 | ) | | 128,251 | |
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Operating expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation and benefits | | | 9,867 | | | 6 | | | 734 | | | 2,695 | | | 2,866 | | | 9,520 | | | 3,714 | | | — | | | 29,402 | |
Amortization of servicing rights | | | 13,804 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 210 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 14,014 | |
Servicing and origination | | | 3,786 | | | 54 | | | — | | | — | | | 7,485 | | | 3,085 | | | 1 | | | — | | | 14,411 | |
Technology and communications | | | 2,219 | | | 20 | | | 61 | | | 4,401 | | | 914 | | | 1,978 | | | 786 | | | (5,109 | ) | | 5,270 | |
Professional services | | | 2,366 | | | 69 | | | 12 | | | 4 | | | 398 | | | 707 | | | 11,419 | | | (226 | ) | | 14,749 | |
Occupancy and equipment | | | 3,386 | | | 90 | | | 22 | | | 707 | | | 290 | | | 1,081 | | | 957 | | | — | | | 6,533 | |
Other operating expenses | | | 6,378 | | | 4,122 | | | 27 | | | 1,075 | | | 1,356 | | | 2,637 | | | (8,241 | ) | | (194 | ) | | 7,160 | |
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Total operating expenses | | | 41,806 | | | 4,361 | | | 856 | | | 8,882 | | | 13,519 | | | 19,008 | | | 8,636 | | | (5,529 | ) | | 91,539 | |
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Income (loss) from operations | | | 44,706 | | | (4,361 | ) | | 195 | | | 2,344 | | | 3,236 | | | 491 | | | (8,631 | ) | | (1,268 | ) | | 36,712 | |
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Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 399 | | | 3,656 | | | — | | | — | | | 39 | | | 13 | | | 706 | | | — | | | 4,813 | |
Interest expense | | | (23,005 | ) | | (856 | ) | | — | | | (164 | ) | | (122 | ) | | (492 | ) | | (399 | ) | | — | | | (25,038 | ) |
Loss on trading securities | | | — | | | (1,032 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (10,991 | ) | | — | | | (12,023 | ) |
Loss on loans held for resale, net | | | — | | | (1,045 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,045 | ) |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | | | — | | | — | | | (1,682 | ) | | 7,886 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 751 | | | 6,955 | |
Other, net | | | (525 | ) | | 4 | | | (125 | ) | | (455 | ) | | (6 | ) | | 11 | | | (347 | ) | | 517 | | | (926 | ) |
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Other income (expense), net | | | (23,131 | ) | | 727 | | | (1,807 | ) | | 7,267 | | | (89 | ) | | (468 | ) | | (11,031 | ) | | 1,268 | | | (27,264 | ) |
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Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | | $ | 21,575 | | $ | (3,634 | ) | $ | (1,612 | ) | $ | 9,611 | | $ | 3,147 | | $ | 23 | | $ | (19,662 | ) | $ | — | | $ | 9,448 | |
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Management decided during the fourth quarter of 2007 to sell its investment in BOK. We have reclassified the operating results of BOK, which are included in Corporate Items and Other, to discontinued operations. See Note 4 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Servicing
Through this segment, we earn fees by providing services to owners of residential mortgage loans, primarily subprime mortgage loans. We also provide services to owners of foreclosed real estate, including the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”). Because of the low return on equity, we elected not to submit a bid for the VA contract. Our existing contract is to terminate on July 24, 2008, in accordance with its terms.
Our largest source of revenue with respect to servicing rights is the servicing fees that we earn pursuant to servicing and subservicing agreements. Servicing fees are generally earned as a percentage of UPB.The servicing and subservicing fees are supplemented by related income including late fees from borrowers who are delinquent in remitting their monthly mortgage payments, Speedpay® fees from borrowers who pay by telephone or through the Internet and interest earned on loan payments that we have collected but have not yet remitted to the owner of the mortgage (float earnings). The key business drivers in this segment are prepayment speed, aggregate UPB and delinquencies.
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The following table provides key business drivers and other selected revenue and expense items of our residential servicing business at or for the three months ended March 31:
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Average UPB of loans and real estate serviced | | $ | 51,754,789 | | $ | 54,429,046 | | | (5 | )% |
Prepayment speed (average CPR) | | | 23 | % | | 26 | % | | (12 | ) |
UPB of non-performing loans and real estate serviced as a percentage of total at March 31 (1) (2) | | | 22 | % | | 15 | % | | 47 | |
Average number of loans and real estate serviced | | | 401,623 | | | 473,400 | | | (15 | ) |
Number of non-performing loans and real estate serviced as a percentage of total at March 31 (1) (2) | | | 17 | % | | 15 | % | | 13 | |
Average float balances | | $ | 408,800 | | $ | 927,200 | | | (56 | ) |
Average balance of advances and match funded advances | | $ | 1,380,316 | | $ | 767,570 | | | 80 | |
Average balance of MSRs | | $ | 188,831 | | $ | 193,783 | | | (3 | ) |
Collections on loans serviced for others | | $ | 3,072,811 | | $ | 4,686,086 | | | (34 | ) |
Servicing and subservicing fees (excluding float and ancillary income) | | $ | 55,187 | | $ | 58,329 | | | (5 | ) |
Float earnings | | $ | 4,433 | | $ | 10,738 | | | (59 | ) |
Amortization of servicing rights | | $ | 13,804 | | $ | 32,054 | | | (57 | ) |
Interest expense on match funded liabilities and lines of credit | | $ | 20,789 | | $ | 10,239 | | | 103 | |
Compensating interest expense | | $ | 1,110 | | $ | 2,530 | | | (56 | ) |
Operating expenses directly related to loss mitigation activities | | $ | 6,778 | | $ | 4,356 | | | 56 | |
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(1) | Excluding real estate serviced pursuant to our contract with the VA. |
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(2) | At December 31, 2007, the UPB of non-performing assets comprised 20% of the total, and the number of non-performing assets serviced comprised 16% of the total. |
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| The following table sets forth information regarding residential loans and real estate serviced for others: |
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| | Loans (2) | | Real Estate (4) | | Total (1)(3)(5) | |
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| | Amount | | Count | | Amount | | Count | | Amount | | Count | |
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March 31, 2008: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Performing | | $ | 38,573,686 | | | 328,783 | | $ | — | | | — | | $ | 38,573,686 | | | 328,783 | |
Non-performing | | | 7,294,604 | | | 48,623 | | | 4,256,286 | | | 26,298 | | | 11,550,890 | | | 74,921 | |
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| | $ | 45,868,290 | | | 377,406 | | $ | 4,256,286 | | | 26,298 | | $ | 50,124,576 | | | 403,704 | |
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December 31, 2007: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Performing | | $ | 42,389,849 | | | 356,937 | | $ | — | | | — | | $ | 42,389,849 | | | 356,937 | |
Non-performing | | | 7,433,386 | | | 54,330 | | | 3,722,750 | | | 24,349 | | | 11,156,136 | | | 78,679 | |
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| | $ | 49,823,235 | | | 411,267 | | $ | 3,722,750 | | | 24,349 | | $ | 53,545,985 | | | 435,616 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
March 31, 2007: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Performing | | $ | 47,151,975 | | | 404,430 | | $ | — | | | — | | $ | 47,151,975 | | | 404,430 | |
Non-performing | | | 7,014,054 | | | 61,024 | | | 1,692,937 | | | 15,960 | | | 8,706,991 | | | 76,984 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | $ | 54,166,029 | | | 465,454 | | $ | 1,692,937 | | | 15,960 | | $ | 55,858,966 | | | 481,414 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(1) At March 31, 2008, we serviced 277,660 subprime loans and real estate with a UPB of $40,161,725 as compared to 292,148 with a UPB of $41,947,660 at December 31, 2007. At March 31, 2007, we serviced 309,174 subprime loans and real estate with a UPB of $42,888,432. Subprime loans represent residential loans we service that were made to borrowers who generally did not qualify under guidelines of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (nonconforming loans).
(2) Performing loans include those loans that are current or have been delinquent for less than 90 days in accordance with their original terms and those loans for which borrowers are making scheduled payments under forbearance or bankruptcy plans. We consider all other loans to be non-performing. The increase in non-performing loans at March 31, 2008 as compared to March 31, 2007 is a result of an increase in the average age of our portfolio, the poor performance of 2006 originations, an increase in the number and level of adjustable rate mortgage (“ARM”) resets and a slow down in home price appreciation amongst other factors.
(3) We serviced under subservicing contracts 121,725 residential loans with a UPB of $11,967,956 as of March 31, 2008. This compares to 147,570 residential loans with a UPB of $15,539,986 as of December 31, 2007 and 128,898 residential loans and real estate with a UPB of $12,325,969 at March 31, 2007.
(4) Real estate includes $804,814, $798,148 and $679,807 of foreclosed residential properties serviced for the VA at March 31, 2008, December 31, 2007 and March 31, 2007, respectively.
28
(5) The average UPB of assets serviced during the three months ended March 31, 2008, December 31, 2007 and March 31, 2007 was $51,754,789, $55,253,914 and $54,429,046, respectively.
The following table sets forth information regarding the changes in our portfolio of residential assets serviced for others:
| | | | | | | |
| | Amount | | Count | |
| |
| |
| |
Servicing portfolio at December 31, 2006 | | $ | 52,834,028 | | | 473,665 | |
Additions | | | 8,822,610 | | | 53,340 | |
Runoff | | | (5,797,672 | ) | | (45,591 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Servicing portfolio at March 31, 2007 | | | 55,858,966 | | | 481,414 | |
Additions | | | 4,598,313 | | | 26,926 | |
Runoff | | | (6,621,362 | ) | | (53,085 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Servicing portfolio at June 30, 2007 | | | 53,835,917 | | | 455,255 | |
Additions | | | 6,555,924 | | | 42,435 | |
Runoff | | | (3,977,609 | ) | | (33,904 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Servicing portfolio at September 30, 2007 | | | 56,414,232 | | | 463,786 | |
Additions | | | 1,097,703 | | | 7,008 | |
Runoff | | | (3,965,950 | ) | | (35,178 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Servicing portfolio at December 31, 2007 | | $ | 53,545,985 | | | 435,616 | |
Additions | | | 518,439 | | | 4,483 | |
Runoff | | | (3,939,848 | ) | | (36,395 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Servicing portfolio at March 31, 2008 | | $ | 50,124,576 | | | 403,704 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Additions primarily represent servicing purchased from the owners of the mortgages and servicing obtained by entering into subservicing agreements with other entities that own the MSRs. The market for the acquisition of servicing rights to subprime mortgage loans began to slow down in the latter part of 2007. Because of the turmoil in the credit markets, we have been cautious in our acquisition of MSRs, and we did not make any significant additions to our residential servicing portfolio during the first quarter of 2008. Our success in the Servicing business is in part dependent on our ability to accurately price MSRs. Runoff includes principal repayments on loans, servicing transfers and other asset resolutions.
Comparative selected balance sheet data is as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Advances | | $ | 287,962 | | $ | 285,929 | |
Match funded advances | | | 1,154,525 | | | 1,126,097 | |
Mortgage servicing rights (Residential) | | | 181,758 | | | 191,935 | |
Debt service accounts | | | 90,987 | | | 77,819 | |
Other | | | 28,992 | | | 26,724 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total assets | | $ | 1,744,224 | | $ | 1,708,504 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Match funded liabilities | | $ | 1,068,123 | | $ | 1,001,403 | |
Lines of credit and other secured borrowings | | | 319,452 | | | 260,976 | |
Servicer liabilities | | | 189,350 | | | 204,484 | |
Other | | | 19,383 | | | 23,636 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total liabilities | | $ | 1,596,308 | | $ | 1,490,499 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Advances and Match Funded Advances.During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the combined balance of advances and match funded advances increased by $30,461, or 2%. Although advance requirements remain high as a result of high delinquencies and slow prepayments, the rate of advance growth has slowed in the first quarter of 2008 as compared to the rate of growth in the latter half of 2007 due in part to the initiatives we implemented late in 2007. See Notes 6 and 7 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details of the composition of advances and match funded advances.
Mortgage Servicing Rights. The unamortized balance of residential MSRs is primarily related to subprime residential loans. Residential MSRs declined by $10,177 during the first three months of 2008 as amortization of $13,804 exceeded purchases of $3,627. At March 31, 2008, we serviced residential loans under 506 servicing agreements for 45 investors. This compares to 509 servicing agreements for 45 investors at December 31, 2007. See Note 8 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on mortgage servicing rights.
Match Funded Liabilities. The $66,720 increase in match funded liabilities during the first three months of 2008 primarily reflects the utilization of unused borrowing capacity, offset in part by our repayment in full of a $100,000 term note that began its amortization period in January 2008. At March 31, 2008, 93% of match funded advances were funded through borrowings as compared to 89% at December 31, 2007. Unused borrowing capacity under match funded liabilities declined from $233,039 at December 31, 2007 to $78,095 at March 31, 2008. Our maximum borrowing capacity under match funded liabilities was $1,138,899 at March 31, 2008, as compared to $1,230,000 at December 31, 2007, a decrease of $91,101. The decline in borrowing capacity reflects the payoff of the $100,000 term note and the paydown of a variable funding note under another facility that entered its amortization period in March 2008. These declines have been partly offset by a $60,000 increase in borrowing capacity under a third facility. See Note 11 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the terms and balances of our match funded liabilities.
29
Lines of Credit and Other Secured Borrowings. As of March 31, 2008, the maximum borrowing capacity under our senior secured credit agreement was $355,000 which is unchanged from December 31, 2007. Borrowings under this agreement may be secured by MSRs, advances on loans serviced for others, receivables and mortgage loans. The $58,476 increase in the amount outstanding under this facility during the first three months of 2008 reflects our utilization of the borrowing capacity to fund advances and purchase MSRs. Unused borrowing capacity under this agreement declined from $94,024 at December 31, 2007 to $35,548 at March 31, 2008. See Note 12 to our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the terms and balances of our lines of credit and other secured borrowings.
Servicer Liabilities. Servicer liabilities represent amounts we have collected, primarily from residential borrowers whose loans we service, which we will deposit in custodial accounts, pay directly to an investment trust or refund to borrowers. Custodial accounts are excluded from our balance sheet. The balance of servicer liabilities at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 consisted primarily of borrower payments due to custodial accounts. Servicer liabilities declined by $15,029 during the first quarter of 2008 largely due to a $36,017 decline in the amount of borrower payments due to custodial accounts. This decline reflects the impact of low collection volume due to low prepayment speeds and high delinquencies. See Note 14 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details of the principal components of servicer liabilities.
Comparative selected operations data for the three months ended March 31 is as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Revenue: | | | | | | | |
Servicing and subservicing fees | | $ | 80,337 | | $ | 88,933 | |
Process management fees | | | 6,175 | | | 2,656 | |
Other | | | — | | | 8 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total revenue | | | 86,512 | | | 91,597 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | |
Compensation and benefits | | | 9,867 | | | 8,393 | |
Amortization of servicing rights | | | 13,804 | | | 32,054 | |
Servicing and origination | | | 3,786 | | | 7,840 | |
Other | | | 14,349 | | | 14,095 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total operating expenses | | | 41,806 | | | 62,382 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Income from operations | | | 44,706 | | | 29,215 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | |
Interest expense: | | | | | | | |
Match funded liabilities | | | (17,700 | ) | | (8,042 | ) |
Lines of credit and other secured borrowings | | | (3,089 | ) | | (2,197 | ) |
Other | | | (2,216 | ) | | (1,091 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | (23,005 | ) | | (11,330 | ) |
Other | | | (126 | ) | | 1,033 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total other expense, net | | | (23,131 | ) | | (10,297 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | $ | 21,575 | | $ | 18,918 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
30
Servicing and Subservicing Fees.The principal components of servicing and subservicing fees for the three months ended March 31 are:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Residential: | | | | | | | |
Loan servicing and subservicing | | $ | 55,187 | | $ | 58,329 | |
Late charges | | | 10,711 | | | 10,697 | |
Custodial accounts (float earnings) | | | 4,433 | | | 10,738 | |
Loan collection fees | | | 2,918 | | | 3,243 | |
Other | | | 6,925 | | | 5,805 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | 80,174 | | | 88,812 | |
Commercial (US) | | | 163 | | | 121 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | $ | 80,337 | | $ | 88,933 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Residential loan servicing and subservicing fees for the first three months of 2008 declined by $3,142 or 5% as compared to 2007 primarily due to higher delinquencies and a 6% decrease in the average balance of loans serviced, offset in part by increases in other revenues. We collect servicing fees, generally expressed as a percent of the UPB, from the borrowers’ payments. We recognize servicing fees as revenue when earned, which is generally upon collection. Delinquencies affect the timing of servicing fee revenue recognition but not the ultimate collection of the fees because servicing fees generally have a higher standing than advances which are satisfied before any interest or principal is paid by the securitization trust on the bonds. We estimate that for three months of 2008 and 2007, revenue excludes $3,701 and $2,131, respectively, of uncollected servicing fees related to delinquent borrower payments. As of March 31, 2008, we estimate that we had $53,251 of uncollected delinquent servicing fees that had not been recognized as revenue.
Although the runoff of the existing portfolio has slowed as a result of slower prepayment speeds, the average balance of residential loans serviced has declined as a result of a decline in portfolio acquisitions. Mortgage prepayment speeds averaged 23% and 26%, respectively during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. The decline in mortgage prepayment speeds is largely due to credit tightening, rising subprime mortgage interest rates and slowing home price appreciation.
Late charges are only modestly higher in the first quarter of 2008 as compared to 2007. The increase in late charges lags the increase in delinquencies because late charges are not recognized as revenue until they are collected.
The $6,305 or 59% decline in float earnings during the first three months of 2008 as compared to 2007 is due to a 56% decline in the average float balance and a 29-basis point decline in the average yield we earned on these funds. The decline in the average balance of these accounts results from a decline in mortgage prepayment speeds and an increase in delinquencies. The underlying servicing agreements restrict the investment of float balances to certain types of instruments. We are responsible for any losses incurred on the investment of these funds. The following table summarizes information regarding float earnings for the three months ended March 31:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Average float balances | | $ | 408,800 | | $ | 927,200 | |
Float earnings | | $ | 4,433 | | $ | 10,738 | |
Annualized yield | | | 4.34 | % | | 4.63 | % |
As disclosed in Notes 5 and 13 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements, we generate float earnings through the Investment Line facility provided by JPMorgan Chase. Using the Investment Line, we borrow funds each month from JPMorgan Chase at a nominal interest rate and invest those funds in certain permitted investments including US Treasury Securities, US Agency Securities, commercial paper, auction rate securities, bank certificates of deposit and JPMorgan Chase time deposits. The annual interest rate increased from 0.1% to 0.35% effective with the amendment to the Investment Line that we executed on March 31, 2008. Funds provided by the Investment Line are available only for investment purposes and are not available for general operating purposes. The amount borrowed is based on projected average custodial balances for the month. No actual custodial funds are invested, since we invest only the funds provided through the Investment Line. The custodial funds remain on deposit with JPMorgan Chase for the benefit of the securitization trusts. The terms of the Investment Line generally require that we sell the investments and pay off the associated borrowings prior to the end of each quarter.
Process Management Fees. Process management fees are primarily comprised of real estate sales commissions of $5,777 and $1,118 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Real estate commissions were higher in the first quarter of 2008 due to higher sales volume that is in part attributed to our efforts to more effectively market and price foreclosed residential real estate in the Servicing portfolio. Process management fees for the first quarter of 2007 also included $1,416 of loan refinancing fees earned through a program under which we originated loans in response to requests from borrowers to refinance their mortgages. We discontinued this program in the third quarter of 2007.
Compensation and Benefits Expense.The 18% increase in compensation and benefits expense in the first quarter of 2008 is largely due to an increase in average employment in India where the average number of employees during the quarter grew from 1,033 during 2007 to 1,210 during 2008, an increase of 17%. In addition, average employment in the U.S. grew from 413 to 476, or 15%. We have increased the number of higher paid loss mitigation staff in the U.S. in response to the increase in non-performing loans.
31
Amortization of Servicing Rights. We amortize mortgage servicing rights in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. Slower actual and projected mortgage prepayment speeds have reduced the rate of amortization as we expect to earn the servicing income over a longer period of time. Although the average balance of our investment in residential MSRs for the first quarter of 2008 declined by only 3% as compared to the first quarter of 2007, amortization expense declined by 57%. The decline in amortization is primarily due to a decline in prepayment speeds. Projected prepayment speeds used to compute amortization expense were 23% and 45% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Servicing and Origination Expenses. The principal components of servicing and origination expense are compensating interest and satisfaction fees, both of which declined in the first quarter of 2008 primarily as a result of the decline in prepayments.
Interest Expense.The higher interest expense in the first quarter of 2008 reflects an increase in financing costs associated with our residential servicing advances primarily because of the growth in our investment in these assets and an increase in facility fees charged by the lenders. The average combined balance of advances and match funded advances was 79% higher in the first quarter of 2008 than in 2007. Borrowings were $635,734, or 106% higher on average in the first quarter of 2008 than in 2007. The average rate on these borrowings decreased by 4 basis points, or 1%. The majority of our credit facilities bear interest at rates that are adjusted regularly based on 1-Month LIBOR. The average of 1-Month LIBOR was 3.30% and 5.32% during the first quarter of 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Despite a decline in LIBOR, average rates were largely unchanged principally because of the higher spread over LIBOR charged on the new match funded facilities added in 2007 and because of higher facility fees charged by the lenders. Interest expense includes amortization of facility costs of $4,178 and $971 during the first quarter of 2008 and 2007, respectively. Amortization in the first quarter of 2008 includes the write-off of $2,000 of deferred costs related to a match funded facility that we decided not to expand or renew.
Loans and Residuals
Our Loans and Residuals segment consists of two business components:
Trading and investing activities. This business includes our investments in subprime residual mortgage backed securities and the loans remaining from our subprime origination business as well the results of our whole loan purchase and securitization activities. During 2007, we de-emphasized our whole loan purchase and securitization activities. Long-term, the key to our results in this area is the performance of our assets particularly with respect to default risk associated with our loans held for resale and with the loans underlying our mortgage backed securities. The current liquidity environment, however, has had a negative impact on asset valuations resulting in significant charges related to subprime residual securities and loans.
Subprime originations. In January 2007, we decided to close our subprime loan origination operation and no longer originate loans.
Comparative selected balance sheet data:
| | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Subordinate and residual trading securities | | $ | 5,968 | | $ | 7,016 | |
Loans held for resale | | | 67,880 | | | 75,240 | |
Other | | | 19,037 | | | 20,142 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total assets | | $ | 92,885 | | $ | 102,398 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Lines of credit and other secured borrowings | | | 23,687 | | | 46,472 | |
Other | | | 3,007 | | | 3,170 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total liabilities | | $ | 26,694 | | $ | 49,642 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Subordinate and Residual Trading Securities. The $1,048 decrease in subordinate and residual securities during 2008 was primarily due to a decline in fair value that reflects conditions in the subprime mortgage market. Unrealized losses on subordinate and residual trading securities were $1,032 during the first three months of 2008.
As disclosed in Note 3 and 5 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements, our subordinate and residual securities are not actively traded, and, therefore, market quotations are not available. We estimate fair value using an industry accepted discounted cash flow model that is calibrated for trading activity wherever possible. We estimate fair value based on the present value of expected future cash flows using our best estimate of key assumptions that market participants would use such as discount, delinquency and cumulative loss rates as well as prepayment speeds associated with the loans underlying mortgage backed securities. The estimated fair value of our residuals and subordinate trading securities, which is based on our best estimate of key assumptions that market participants would use, is significantly influenced by the loss assumptions utilized in the discounted cash flow model. Our loss assumptions are based on projections released by a rating agency during the first quarter of 2008 and range between 13.7% and 20.6%. However, based the current estimate of future cash flows, we believe the fair values reflected in the financial statements are significantly less than the amounts we ultimately expect to realize on settlement. Based on our assumptions, we believe that we will realize an estimated value of approximately $11,500.
32
Subordinate and residual securities do not have a contractual maturity but are paid down over time as cash distributions are received. The weighted average remaining life of these securities was 1.04 years at March 31, 2008.
Loans Held for Resale. Loans held for resale represent single-family residential loans originated or acquired that we do not intend to hold until maturity. The balances at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 are net of fair value allowances of $22,091 and $21,155, respectively. Loans held for resale at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 include non-performing loans with a carrying value of $29,488 and $31,998, respectively.
The loans at March 31, 2008 are comprised of those remaining from our subprime origination operation, which we closed in January 2007, and those acquired as a part of our whole loan purchase and securitization activities. The $7,360 decline in carrying value during the first quarter of 2008 is due to foreclosures, charge-offs, principal payments and an increase in allowances as a result of declining fair values. There were no loan sales during the first quarter of 2008.
Lines of Credit and Other Secured Borrowings. Borrowings under lines of credit and other secured borrowing consisted principally of amounts borrowed under repurchase agreements to fund the purchase or origination of loans held for resale and the purchase of residual trading securities. The $22,785 decline in borrowings during the first quarter of 2008 was primarily due to declines in the assets that serve as collateral and a decrease in the advance rate under this facility from 75% of fair value to 50% of fair value effective March 18, 2008. See Note 12 to our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the terms and balances of our lines of credit and other secured borrowings.
Comparative selected operations data for the three months ended March 31 is as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Revenue | | $ | — | | $ | 44 | |
Operating expenses | | | 4,361 | | | 2,874 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Income (loss) from operations | | | (4,361 | ) | | (2,830 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | | | | | |
Loans held for resale | | | 2,139 | | | 3,070 | |
Subordinate and residual trading securities | | | 1,517 | | | 4,013 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | 3,656 | | | 7,083 | |
Interest expense | | | (856 | ) | | (2,061 | ) |
Loss on trading securities | | | (1,032 | ) | | (4,355 | ) |
Loss on loans held for resale, net | | | (1,045 | ) | | (2,543 | ) |
Other, net | | | 4 | | | 2,030 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total other income (expense), net | | | 727 | | | 154 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Loss before income taxes | | $ | (3,634 | ) | $ | (2,676 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Operating Expenses.Operating expenses are primarily comprised of overhead allocation charges and charge-offs on resolved loans. Loan charge-offs amounted to $3,464 and $1,654 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Interest Income.Interest income on subordinate and residual trading securities declined by $2,496 in the first quarter of 2008 primarily as a result of our sale of the UK residuals in the second quarter of 2007. We recognized interest income of $2,318 on the UK residuals in the first quarter of 2007.
Interest Expense.The $1,205 or 58% decline in interest expense in 2008 was primarily the result of reduced funding requirements on loans held for resale and trading securities, the average balance of which declined 51% during 2008. The average outstanding balance of lines of credit and other secured borrowings utilized by Loans and Residuals during 2008 declined by 56% as compared to the first quarter of 2007. The majority of our credit facilities bear interest at rates that are adjusted regularly based on 1-Month LIBOR. The average of 1-Month LIBOR was 3.30% in the first quarter of 2008 as compared to 4.61% in the first quarter of 2007. The decline in interest expense did not fully reflect the decline in LIBOR because the credit facilities that we used in the first quarter of 2008 charged higher spreads over LIBOR as compared to the facilities used in the first quarter of 2007.
Loss on Trading Securities. The loss on trading securities for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 included unrealized losses on subordinates and residuals of $1,032 and $4,420, respectively. The first quarter of 2007 also includes $65 of realized gains on the sale of residuals.
Loss on Loans Held for Resale, Net. Loss on loans held for resale, net, for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 is primarily comprised of valuation losses of $1,165 and $3,335, respectively. Valuation losses represent charges that we recorded to reduce loans held for resale to their fair values which have declined in 2008 due to the deteriorating conditions in the subprime mortgage market. In addition, we have recorded charge-offs on resolved loans in other operating expenses. These charge-offs totaled $3,464 and $1,654 for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007, respectively.
33
In the first quarter of 2008 and 2007, the valuation losses were partially offset by the reversal of reserves that we had established in 2006 to provide for a contingent repurchase obligation on sold loans.
Other, Net.Other income for the first quarter of 2007 included $2,123 of net realized and unrealized gains related to Eurodollar interest rate futures contracts, interest rate swap agreements and credit default swap agreements. These agreements did not qualify for hedge accounting; therefore, we reported all changes in fair value in earnings.
Asset Management Vehicles
In 2007, we began developing asset management vehicles that benefit from our servicing and loss mitigation capabilities. These entities provide us with a source of servicing. By involving third parties in the funding of these entities, we are able to realize a greater benefit from our capabilities than would be possible if we were to engage in these ventures using only our own financial resources.
Ocwen Structured Investments, LLC (“OSI”). To date we have invested $37,500 in OSI and have committed to invest up to an additional $37,500 under our agreement with the other investors. OSI began operations during the second quarter of 2007. Our ownership interest in OSI is 25%. OSI invests primarily in MSRs and the related lower tranches and residuals of residential mortgage-backed securities, the credit risk of which is hedged with single name credit default swaps and the ABX Index. Under a management agreement with OSI, we are responsible for managing its portfolio and for subservicing its MSRs. We, along with the other principal investors, receive a preferential return in excess of our ownership interest in the event that OSI achieves certain performance objectives. These preferential distributions are, however, subject to a repayment provision should the future performance of OSI not support the preference payments made to the principal investors.
Ocwen Nonperforming Loans, LLC (“ONL”). Our investments in ONL and related entities represent 25% equity interests. These entities invest in non-performing loans purchased at a discount and in foreclosed real estate. We act as the servicer of the loans. To date we have invested a combined $37,263 in ONL and related entities and have committed to invest up to an additional $37,737.
Comparative selected balance sheet data:
| | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Receivables | | $ | 1,062 | | $ | 3,522 | |
Investment in unconsolidated entities | | | 66,288 | | | 70,720 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total assets | | $ | 67,350 | | $ | 74,242 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Comparative selected operations data for the three months ended March 31 is as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | | | | | | |
Revenue | | $ | 1,051 | | $ | — | |
Operating expenses | | | 856 | | | 73 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Income from operations | | | 195 | | | (73 | ) |
Other income (expense), net: | | | | | | | |
Equity in losses of unconsolidated entities | | | (1,682 | ) | | — | |
Other, net | | | (125 | ) | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Other expense | | | (1,807 | ) | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Loss before income taxes | | $ | (1,612 | ) | $ | (73 | ) |
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|
| |
|
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Investment in unconsolidated entities is comprised of our 25% ownership interests in OSI and ONL and other related asset management entities, all of which we account for using the equity method of accounting. We began investing in these entities in the second and third quarters of 2007. During the first quarter of 2008, we received distributions totaling $3,875 and invested an additional $1,250 in ONL and related entities. We did not make any additional investments in OSI or receive any distributions during the first quarter of 2008. At March 31, 2008, we had committed to invest up to an additional $75,237 in these entities. Our share of the losses of these entities of $1,682 in the first quarter of 2008 was comprised of $636 of losses attributed to OSI and $1,046 of losses attributed to ONL and related entities. The losses incurred by these entities primarily reflect charges to reduce loans, real estate and securities to fair value and to write-off loan facility fees. See Note 9 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details regarding our investment in these entities.
34
Technology Products
Technology Products is responsible for the design, development and delivery of a suite of technology products and services to the mortgage industry. Technology Products includes the REAL suite of applications that support the servicing business of OCN and those of external customers. The REAL suite of applications is complemented by the offering of technology services primarily to OCN. This segment also includes the results of our 46% equity investment in BMS Holdings.
The key products offered by Technology Products include:
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· | REALServicing – an enterprise mortgage loan servicing product that covers the entire loan administration cycle from loan boarding to satisfaction, including all collections, payment processing, escrow and reporting functions. REALServicing has the ability to service both performing loans and loans in all stages of delinquency and to deliver real estate asset management functionality. REALServicing is used as the core loan servicing application by OCN and external customers. |
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· | REALResolution – a default loan administration product that provides decision support, timeline management and reporting capability for loans and assets in loss mitigation or foreclosure and for REO. It is also designed to manage borrower bankruptcy from a loan administration perspective. REALResolution is deployed in conjunction with a loan servicing system such as REALServicing. |
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· | REALTrans – an order management system that handles the fulfillment of orders for real estate products in origination and servicing. REALTrans has vendor management functionality built into it, and provides strong coverage of the entire suite of loan origination products including appraisal, flood, title and credit reporting. |
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· | REALSynergy is a commercial loan servicing platform that handles the servicing of commercial loans. This product manages the entire life-cycle associated with commercial loans and has been sold to over 50 external customers. |
BMS Holdings provides technology-based case management solutions to trustees, law firms and debtor companies that administer cases in the federal bankruptcy system. BMS provides software applications, computer hardware and support services primarily to Chapter 7 bankruptcy trustees at no direct charge. In exchange for the technology and services provided, trustee customers contractually agree to place substantially all of the cash balances under their administration with a depository institution designated by BMS. Revenue is derived by BMS from this deposit referral relationship and is based on the aggregate amount of cash balances on deposit and prevailing market rates on short-term financial instruments.
Comparative selected balance sheet data:
| | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Receivables | | $ | 4,638 | | $ | 4,783 | |
Goodwill | | | 1,618 | | | 1,618 | |
Premises and equipment | | | 6,359 | | | 7,295 | |
Investment in unconsolidated entities (BMS Holdings) | | | 13,552 | | | 5,666 | |
Other | | | 936 | | | 966 | |
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|
| |
|
| |
Total assets | | $ | 27,103 | | $ | 20,328 | |
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|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 3,432 | | $ | 3,899 | |
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|
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|
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Comparative selected operations data for the three months ended March 31 is as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | | | | | | |
Revenue: | | | | | | | |
Technology support | | $ | 5,851 | | $ | 4,310 | |
REAL products | | | 5,375 | | | 4,786 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total revenue | | | 11,226 | | | 9,096 | |
Operating expenses | | | 8,882 | | | 7,339 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Income from operations | | | 2,344 | | | 1,757 | |
Other income (expense), net: | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | (164 | ) | | (124 | ) |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities (BMS Holdings) | | | 7,886 | | | 243 | |
Other | | | (455 | ) | | 90 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Other expense | | | 7,267 | | | 209 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Income before income taxes | | $ | 9,611 | | $ | 1,966 | |
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|
| |
|
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35
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities. The first quarter 2008 results for BMS Holdings reflect $5,431 in operating income and $47,904 in unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments that were driven by declining interest rates, partly offset by $12,242 in unrealized losses on auction rate securities.
Mortgage Services
Mortgage Services, our mortgage and default services business, provides due diligence, underwriting, valuation and insurance support services in the mortgage and insurance arenas. Additionally, Mortgage Services performs international master, primary, sub and special servicing primarily for commercial loans.
The Mortgage Services segment generates the majority of its revenue by providing professional outsourced services across the lifecycle of a mortgage loan. We have longstanding relationships with some of the leading capital markets firms, investment banks, hedge funds, insurance companies and lending institutions and provide a fully integrated suite of products that enhances our clients’ ability to make informed investment decisions. Mortgage Services consists of three business components:
Portfolio Solutions. This business provides fee-based transaction management services including valuation, due diligence, forensic analysis, fraud review and settlement services. Historically, revenue was directly correlated to the level of origination activity; however, during 2007, we restructured to expand our products and services focusing on supporting delinquent and defaulted loans. By enhancing our proprietary processes and the embedded technology, we were able to sustain our revenue stream during uncertain market conditions.
Business Process Outsourcing. This business provides loan underwriting, quality control, insurance and claims processing, call center services and analytical support to clients.
International Operations. This business provides master, primary, sub and special servicing primarily for commercial loans. International Operations generally has a consistent and recurring revenue stream. In a typical transaction, the loan originator or purchaser engages us to provide our services over the life of the loan. We are paid a monthly servicing fee as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance of the loan until such time as the loan is paid off or the asset is liquidated. The majority of our sub-servicing and special servicing revenue is based upon a negotiated rate multiplied by the outstanding principal balance of the underlying mortgage loans.
Mortgage services has limited capital requirements and represents a balance among the origination, servicing and resolution of loans, thereby producing relatively stable earnings in spite of the decline in residential loan origination activity. We believe that our continued success in this area is dependent on our ability to efficiently manage our operating costs and to continue to improve the quality and timeliness of service delivery so that we can provide high quality products at competitive prices.
Comparative selected balance sheet data:
| | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Cash | | $ | 5,698 | | $ | 5,904 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | 5,013 | | | 5,360 | |
Receivables | | | 5,126 | | | 12,219 | |
Other | | | 290 | | | 679 | |
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|
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|
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Total assets | | $ | 16,127 | | $ | 24,162 | |
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|
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|
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| | | | | | | |
Lines of credit and other secured borrowings | | $ | 3,983 | | $ | 4,090 | |
Other | | | 3,232 | | | 4,455 | |
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|
| |
|
| |
Total liabilities | | $ | 7,215 | | $ | 8,545 | |
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|
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|
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36
Comparative selected operations data for the three months ended March 31 is as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
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|
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Revenue: | | | | | | | |
Servicing and subservicing fees | | $ | 1,473 | | $ | 1,174 | |
Process management fees | | | 15,151 | | | 14,495 | |
Other | | | 131 | | | 688 | |
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|
| |
|
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Total revenue | | | 16,755 | | | 16,357 | |
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|
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|
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Operating expenses: | | | | | | | |
Compensation and benefits | | | 2,866 | | | 4,334 | |
Amortization of servicing rights | | | 210 | | | 183 | |
Servicing and origination | | | 7,485 | | | 5,719 | |
Other | | | 2,958 | | | 3,983 | |
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|
| |
|
| |
Total operating expenses | | | 13,519 | | | 14,219 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Income from operations | | | 3,236 | | | 2,138 | |
| | | | | | | |
Other income (expense), net | | | (89 | ) | | (51 | ) |
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|
| |
|
| |
Income before income taxes | | $ | 3,147 | | $ | 2,087 | |
| |
|
| |
|
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Servicing and Subservicing Fees.Our GSS offices in Germany and Canada earn fees by providing loan servicing to owners of commercial loans. At March 31, 2008, we serviced 959 international commercial loans and real estate assets totaling $5,159,545. This compares to 966 assets totaling $5,114,289 serviced at December 31, 2007. In the first quarter of 2008, management approved and committed to a plan to sell the servicing rights owned by GSS Canada. As of March 31, 2008, we received a confidential bid from an interested third party to acquire the servicing assets. Based on the values and terms of this proposal, we believe it to be an objective indication of fair value. The bid range is consistent with the $5,013 carrying value of the servicing assets. We expect to complete the sale of these servicing assets in 2008.
Process Management Fees. The principal components of process management fees for the three months ended March 31, relate to our fee-based loan processing services as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Residential property valuation | | $ | 8,321 | | $ | 6,619 | |
Title services | | | 3,999 | | | 2,923 | |
Outsourcing services | | | 2,831 | | | 2,718 | |
Mortgage fulfillment activities | | | — | | | 2,235 | |
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|
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| | $ | 15,151 | | $ | 14,495 | |
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In spite of the low volume of loan origination activity, fees from residential property valuations and title services in the first quarter of 2008 increased as a result of higher delinquencies and foreclosures. We significantly scaled back our mortgage fulfillment activities in January 2008 because of lack of demand.
Compensation and benefits. The $1,468 decline in compensation and benefit expenses in the first quarter of 2008 is primarily due to a $1,684 decline in compensation and benefits associated with our mortgage due diligence operation.
Servicing and Origination Expenses. Servicing and origination expenses for the three months ended March 31 consist primarily of costs incurred in connection with providing fee-based loan processing services as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Residential property valuation | | $ | 5,063 | | $ | 3,923 | |
Title services | | | 2,414 | | | 1,623 | |
Mortgage fulfillment activities | | | — | | | 171 | |
Other | | | 8 | | | 2 | |
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|
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|
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| | $ | 7,485 | | $ | 5,719 | |
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37
Financial Services
Financial Services segment is our unsecured collections business. Effective June 6, 2007, this segment includes the results of NCI, a receivables management company that we acquired. NCI specializes in contingency collections and customer service for credit card issuers and other consumer credit providers. Our current focus is on the improvement of NCI’s financial performance. In that regard, we have developed an action plan. This plan includes appropriate staffing of collectors to address the increase in volume reflective of rising delinquencies and charge-offs in the current credit environment and the ramp up of collection operations at our new facility in India.
We also continue to focus on the integration of NCI and Ocwen Recovery Group (“ORG”) operations to take advantage of both NCI’s strong customer relationships and ORG’s global infrastructure. We have implemented an integration plan to generate cost savings from the combined operations through the elimination of redundant expenses and migration to India of U.S. based collector and administrative jobs, primarily through attrition. We believe the key to our success is our ability to perform well for our customers which, in turn, will lead to more account placements and continued growth of top line revenue. Our ability to perform well for our customers is largely dependent on our success in the training and retention of collection staff.
Comparative selected balance sheet data:
| | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Receivables | | $ | 6,129 | | $ | 5,775 | |
Goodwill and intangibles | | | 52,021 | | | 53,260 | |
Premises and equipment | | | 4,417 | | | 4,881 | |
Other | | | 2,255 | | | 2,226 | |
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|
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Total assets | | $ | 64,822 | | $ | 66,142 | |
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|
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| | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 9,805 | | $ | 8,896 | |
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The allocation of the purchase price of NCI resulted in goodwill and intangibles as follows:
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| | March 31, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
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Goodwill | | $ | 13,742 | | $ | 14,315 | |
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|
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| | | | | | | |
Intangibles | | | 40,500 | | | 40,500 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | (2,221 | ) | | (1,555 | ) |
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|
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Intangibles, net | | | 38,279 | | | 38,945 | |
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| | $ | 52,021 | | $ | 53,260 | |
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Intangibles consist primarily of customer lists which we are amortizing over their estimated useful lives ranging from 10 to 20 years.
Comparative selected operations data for the three months ended March 31 is as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
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| |
| |
Revenue | | $ | 19,499 | | $ | 1,787 | |
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|
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|
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Operating expenses: | | | | | | | |
Compensation and benefits | | | 9,520 | | | 643 | |
Servicing and origination | | | 3,085 | | | 102 | |
Technology and communication | | | 1,978 | | | 346 | |
Occupancy and equipment | | | 1,081 | | | 164 | |
Other | | | 3,344 | | | 792 | |
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|
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Total operating expenses | | | 19,008 | | | 2,047 | |
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|
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|
| |
Income (loss) from operations | | | 491 | | | (260 | ) |
Other income (expense), net | | | (468 | ) | | 2 | |
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|
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|
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Income (loss) before income taxes | | $ | 23 | | $ | (258 | ) |
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The increase in revenue and operating expenses in the first quarter of 2008 is due to our acquisition of NCI on June 6, 2007. NCI’s primary source of revenue is fees for collections on behalf of credit card issuers and other consumer credit providers on a contingency basis. Other operating expenses for the first quarter of 2008 include $666 of amortization of NCI intangibles.
38
Corporate Items and Other
Comparative selected balance sheet data:
| | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Cash | | $ | 168,823 | | $ | 108,142 | |
Trading securities | | | | | | | |
Auction rate | | | 289,044 | | | — | |
Other investment grade | | | 21,743 | | | 34,876 | |
Subordinates and residuals | | | 222 | | | 346 | |
Receivables | | | 42,929 | | | 41,092 | |
Deferred tax assets, net | | | 177,880 | | | 178,170 | |
Goodwill and intangibles | | | 3,423 | | | 3,423 | |
Premises and equipment, net | | | 23,035 | | | 22,834 | |
Investment in subsidiaries | | | 1,120,244 | | | 1,106,353 | |
Other | | | 19,831 | | | 19,004 | |
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|
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|
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Total assets | | $ | 1,867,174 | | $ | 1,514,240 | |
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|
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|
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| | | | | | | |
Lines of credit and other secured borrowings | | $ | 14,785 | | | 30,676 | |
Investment line | | | 283,836 | | | — | |
Debt securities | | | 150,279 | | | 150,279 | |
Other | | | 70,499 | | | 71,638 | |
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|
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Total liabilities | | $ | 519,399 | | $ | 252,593 | |
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|
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Trading Securities.As disclosed in Notes 5 and 13 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements, because of recent failed auctions, we were unable to liquidate auction rate securities that we invested in during the first quarter of 2008 using Investment Line funds. These securities are collateralized by student loans originated under the Federal Family Education Loan Program that are guaranteed up to 97% of their unpaid principal balance in the event of default. On March 28, 2008, we executed an amendment to the Investment Line with JPMorgan Chase that eliminated the requirement that borrowings be paid off at quarter end, and we have recognized auction rate securities with a fair value of $289,044 and a corresponding Investment Line obligation to JPMorgan Chase of $283,836 on our March 31, 2008 balance sheet. Because the estimated fair value of these securities at March 31, 2008 was less than our cost plus accrued interest, we recognized an unrealized loss of $8,939 representing 3% of the carrying value. Our determination of the estimated fair value, which included our consideration of the strong credit quality of the underlying collateral and the securities we hold, limited market activity and general auction rate securities market conditions, required the significant use of unobservable inputs. We expect liquidity to return to the auction rate securities market and that we will sell our securities at that time without realizing a loss. Prior to the first quarter of 2008, the Investment Line has had no impact on our quarterly balance sheets.
The $13,133 decline in other investment grade securities during the first quarter of 2008 was primarily due to a $12,872 decline in collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) that occurred as a result of sales.
Lines of Credit and Other Secured Borrowings. The balance at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 represents financing obligations outstanding under repurchase agreements collateralized by CMOs. The $15,891 decrease in the outstanding balance during the first quarter of 2008 is principally the result of the sale of one security in March 2008 that had a book value of $11,570 at December 31, 2007 and declines in the fair value of the remaining securities. In addition, the advance rate under the repurchase agreement declined from 90% of the fair value of pledged securities to 70%. See Note 12 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details on lines of credit and other secured borrowings.
Other Liabilities. Other liabilities includes a financing obligation with an outstanding balance of $24,466 and $24,515 at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, related to a sale-leaseback transaction involving our customer service and collection facility in Orlando, Florida, which we account for as a financing. Other liabilities also include accruals for incentive compensation awards, audit fees, legal matters, other operating expenses and interest on debt securities, as well as customer deposits held by BOK.
39
Comparative selected operations data for the three months ended March 31 is as follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Revenue | | $ | 5 | | $ | 774 | |
Operating expenses | | | 8,636 | | | 2,213 | |
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|
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Loss from operations | | | (8,631 | ) | | (1,439 | ) |
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Other income (expense): | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 706 | | | 2,517 | |
Interest expense | | | (399 | ) | | (1,242 | ) |
Loss on trading securities | | | (10,991 | ) | | (116 | ) |
Other, net | | | (347 | ) | | (540 | ) |
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|
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|
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Other income (expense) | | | (11,031 | ) | | 619 | |
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Loss before income taxes | | $ | (19,662 | ) | $ | (820 | ) |
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|
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Interest Income.The $1,811 or 72% decline in interest income in the first quarter of 2008 reflects a 58% decline in the average amount invested in short-term investment grade securities, primarily CMOs and commercial paper. In addition, interest income for the first quarter of 2007 included $935 of discount accretion on certificates of deposit that we redeemed in the third quarter of 2007.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses for the first quarter of 2008 include $9,532 of costs related to the “going private” transaction which was initiated in January 2008 and which the parties mutually terminated in March 2008. See Note 17 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding this transaction. Operating expenses are net of overhead allocations to other segments.
Loss on Trading Securities.The loss on trading securities for the three months ended March 31 was comprised of the following:
| | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| |
| |
| |
Realized losses (CMOs) | | $ | (114 | ) | $ | — | |
| |
| |
| |
Unrealized losses: | | | | | | | |
Auction rate | | | (8,939 | ) | | — | |
CMOs | | | (1,813 | ) | | — | |
Subordinates and residuals | | | (125 | ) | | (116 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
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| | | (10,877 | ) | | (116 | ) |
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|
| |
|
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| | $ | (10,991 | ) | $ | (116 | ) |
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|
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|
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MINORITY INTEREST IN SUBSIDIARIES
Minority interest of $2,068 and $1,979 at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, primarily represented the 30% investment in GSS held by Merrill Lynch.
STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY
Stockholders’ equity amounted to $594,395 at March 31, 2008 as compared to $586,146 at December 31, 2007. The $8,249 increase in stockholders’ equity during the first quarter of 2008 was primarily due to net income of $5,930, a $1,452 increase in additional paid-in capital and an $865 increase in accumulated other comprehensive income. The increase in additional paid-in capital was primarily due to an increase of $1,053 related to expirations of vested options that had been accounted under the intrinsic value method of APB No. 25, net of the related deferred tax asset reversal, and compensation of $400 related to employee share-based awards. The increase in other comprehensive income was primarily the result of the change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)
Income tax expense was $3,314 and $6,374 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Our effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2008 was 35.08% as compared to 33.98% for the first quarter of 2007. Income tax expense on income before income taxes differs from amounts that would be computed by applying the Federal corporate income tax rate of 35% primarily because of the effect of foreign taxes, foreign income with an indefinite deferral from U.S. taxation, losses from consolidated VIEs, state taxes and low-income housing tax credits.
Our effective tax rate of 35.08% for the first quarter of 2008 includes a benefit of approximately 2.38% associated with the recognition of certain foreign deferred tax assets. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2008 would have been 30.47% but was increased by approximately 4.61% due to the recognition of additional tax expense associated with the expiration of certain vested stock options. The 30.47% effective rate includes a benefit for the amortization of tax amortizable goodwill associated with our acquisition of NCI. Our effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2007 included a benefit of approximately 2.09% associated with the recognition of certain foreign deferred tax assets.
40
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since the second half of 2007, disruption in global capital markets, the impact of the failure of the auction rate securities market on our Investment Line and increased funding requirements for servicing advances have negatively impacted our liquidity position. In response to these events, we have implemented plans to ensure sufficient liquidity throughout 2008. These plans include extending our Investment Line through June 30, 2008, increasing borrowing capacity under our advance financing facilities and reducing the growth of servicing advances through operational changes such as increased use of loan modifications and marketing REO properties more aggressively. Further plans to improve liquidity in 2008 include selling non-core assets and evaluating the issuance of subordinated debt or preferred stock.
Although successful execution cannot be guaranteed, management believes that these plans are showing sufficient success to allow us to meet our liquidity requirements for the next twelve months. Since the last quarter before the disruption in global capital markets, which is the quarter ended June 30, 2007, our unrestricted cash position has increased from $169,470 to $173,557 at March 31, 2008. Since December 31, 2007, we have replaced the capacity of all notes that entered amortization through April 30, 2008, allowing us to fully repay all notes in amortization and increase advance financing capacity by $60,000. We expect to comply with all financial covenants during 2008. Operational initiatives reduced the rate of growth in servicing advances from 25% in the fourth quarter 2007 to 2% in the first quarter of 2008. If our efforts to improve liquidity are not successful, or if unanticipated market factors emerge, the result could be a material adverse impact upon our business, results of operations and financial position.
Our primary sources of funds for liquidity are:
| | | | | |
| · | Match funded liabilities | | · | Payments received on loans held for resale |
| | | | | |
| · | Lines of credit and other secured borrowings | | · | Payments received on trading securities |
| | | | | |
| · | Servicing fees, including float earnings | | · | Debt securities |
Our primary uses of funds are funding of servicing advances, purchases of MSRs, the payment of interest and operating expenses and the repayment of borrowings. We closely monitor our liquidity position and ongoing funding requirements, and we invest available funds in short-term investment grade securities.
Our servicing agreements impose on us various rights and obligations that affect our liquidity. Among the most significant is our obligation to advance our own funds to meet contractual principal and interest payments for certain investors and to pay taxes, insurance, foreclosure costs and various other items that are required to preserve the assets being serviced even if the loans are delinquent. Delinquency rates and prepayment speed drive the size of servicing advance balances. Non-performing loans delinquent 90 days or more were 20% of unpaid principal balance on December 31, 2007 and 22% on March 31, 2008. Average prepayment speeds were 21% for the fourth quarter of 2007 and 23% for the first quarter of 2008. The modest change in these factors in the first quarter of 2008 is the primary reason for the decrease in the rate of servicing advance growth from 25% to 2% during this period.
Loan modifications have increased, and within the parameters provided by our pooling and servicing agreements, we expect to continue to modify loans when it is in the best interest of our investors. We also expect to continue to more effectively market and price the foreclosed residential real estate in our Servicing portfolio. In 2008, we expect that prepayment speeds will remain at or near current levels and that the growth rate of both delinquencies and advances will continue to decrease. Based on current trends, we believe that servicing advances for our current portfolio peaked in March 2008 and will end 2008 modestly below this peak. However, if prepayment speeds further decrease in 2008, or if the success of the loan modification programs diminishes, advances on the existing servicing portfolio will increase.
Our ability to finance servicing advances is another factor that affects our liquidity. We currently use diversified sources of financing, including match funded lending agreements and secured credit facilities with various lenders and syndicates to address the need for sufficient capacity. Also important are the financing discount and the qualification of collateral under the advance facilities to which the assets are pledged. Even recognizing that advances have minimal credit risk due to their highest repayment priority in our servicing agreements, a financing discount is applied to the value of the advances to account for the time value of money over the expected repayment period. Two of our match funded advance facilities that are rated are subject to increases in the financing discount if deemed necessary by the rating agency in order to maintain the minimum rating required for the facility. Furthermore, while there are currently only a limited number of loans and/or securitizations that do not qualify for financing under the advance facility to which they are pledged this could become a factor if loan performance deteriorates beyond a certain point. Finally, some of our existing debt covenants limit our ability to incur additional debt beyond a certain level in relation to our equity and require that we maintain minimum levels of liquid assets and unused borrowing capacity. Therefore, having sufficient financing capacity, limiting the growth in servicing advances and maintaining loan performance are all essential to maintaining liquidity.
Maximum borrowing capacity of the Servicing segment was $1,493,899 at March 31, 2008, a decrease of $91,101 as compared to December 31, 2007. As a result of declines in loans held for resale and residual trading securities, the decrease in total borrowing capacity in first quarter of 2008, excluding the Investment Line, was $115,390. The decline in borrowing capacity principally reflects the fact that the $100,000 term note outstanding under one of our match funded facilities entered its amortization period and was paid off in March 2008. The variable funding note under another match funded liability also entered its amortization period at the end of the first quarter of 2008 and no additional borrowing is possible under this facility. These declines were partly offset by a $60,000 increase in capacity under another facility in February 2008 from $140,000 to $200,000. Including the $300,000 capacity of the match funded note that closed in April 2008, we have increased the capacity of our match funded servicing advance facilities from $1,230,000 at December 31, 2007 to $1,290,000 at April 30, 2008. Our $355,000 senior secured credit facility is the only source of debt that is currently available to fund the purchase of MSRs and it matures in August 2008. Our borrowing on MSRs was $139,968 at March 31, 2008. We expect to renew our secured line of credit prior to its August 2008 maturity date. We are also in active negotiations to secure an additional $250,000 advance financing facility that we expect to close during the second quarter of 2008. If we are unable to renew our existing facilities and/or obtain additional borrowing capacity, we may need to consider more aggressively selling non-core assets, issuing subordinated debt or obtaining additional equity capital.
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In the table below, we provide the amortization dates and maturity dates for each of our credit facilities as of March 31, 2008. The amortization date is the date on which the revolving period ends under our advance facilities and repayment of the outstanding balance must begin if the facility is not renewed or extended. The maturity date is the date on which all outstanding balances must be repaid. After the amortization date, all collections that represent the repayment of advances that have been financed through the facility must be applied to reduce the balance outstanding under the facility, and any new advances under the securitizations pledged to the facility are ineligible to be financed. In order for us to maintain liquidity, advances under facilities that have entered their amortization period and have not been renewed must be repaid and pledged to another facility.
Our credit facilities, excluding the Investment Line, are summarized as follows at March 31, 2008:
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| | Amortization Date | | Maturity | | Maximum Borrowing Capacity (1) | | Unused Borrowing Capacity | | Balance Outstanding | |
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Servicing: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Match funded liability (2) | | May. 2008 – Nov. 2009 | | Oct. 2013 – Nov. 2015 | | $ | 540,000 | | $ | 1,832 | | $ | 538,168 | |
Match funded liability (3) | | Jan. 2009 | | Feb. 2011 | | | 200,000 | | | 45,655 | | | 154,345 | |
Match funded liability (4) | | Mar. 2008 | | Mar. 2011 | | | 148,899 | | | — | | | 148,899 | |
Match funded liability (5) | | Dec. 2010 | | Dec 2013 | | | 250,000 | | | 30,608 | | | 219,392 | |
Secured line of credit (6) | | Aug. 2008 | | Aug. 2008 | | | 355,000 | | | 35,548 | | | 319,452 | |
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|
| |
|
| |
|
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| | | | | | | 1,493,899 | | | 113,643 | | | 1,380,256 | |
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|
| |
|
| |
|
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Mortgage Services: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Secured line of credit | | N/A | | Aug. 2008 | | | 10,729 | | | 6,746 | | | 3,983 | |
| | | | | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
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Loans and Residuals: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase agreement (7) | | N/A | | Jun. 2008 | | | 26,000 | | | 2,504 | | | 23,496 | |
Repurchase agreement (8) | | N/A | | N/A | | | — | | | — | | | 123 | |
Repurchase agreement (8) | | N/A | | Apr. 2036 | | | — | | | — | | | 68 | |
| | | | | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | 26,000 | | | 2,504 | | | 23,687 | |
| | | | | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
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Corporate Items and Other: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase agreement (8) | | N/A | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 12,400 | |
Convertible Notes | | N/A | | Aug. 2024 | | | — | | | — | | | 96,900 | |
Capital Securities | | N/A | | Aug. 2027 | | | — | | | — | | | 53,379 | |
| | | | | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 162,679 | |
| | | | | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total borrowings | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,570,605 | |
Fair value adjustment (2) | | | | | | | — | | | — | | | 7,319 | |
| | | | | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | $ | 1,530,628 | | $ | 122,893 | | $ | 1,577,924 | |
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|
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|
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(1) Borrowing capacity under a secured advance facility may only be utilized to the extent that underlying collateral is available to be pledged to that financing facility.
(2) The $165,000 fixed-rate term note issued in 2006 was carried on the balance sheet at fair value as the result of a designated fair value hedging relationship that we established through the use of an interest rate swap. We terminated the related interest rate swap in February 2008 and have begun to amortize the fair value adjustment over the remaining term of the note. A $100,000 term note under this facility entered its amortization period and was repaid in March 2008.
(3) On February 12, 2008, we negotiated an increase in the maximum borrowing from $140,000 to $200,000 and extended the stated maturity to February 2011.
(4) The interest rate increased from 1-Month LIBOR plus 200 basis points on November 1, 2007 to 1-Month LIBOR plus 500 basis points on January 1, 2008. In April 2008, we repaid the balance of this note and moved all remaining collateral to the new $300,000 match funded facility that closed in April 2008.
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(5) The interest rate for this note is determined using a commercial paper rate that reflects the borrowing costs of the lender plus a margin of 150 basis points. This rate approximated 1-Month LIBOR plus 150 basis points.
(6) We intend to renew this facility to prior to its maturity.
(7) This agreement is secured by “A” rated securities issued in connection with the transfer of loan and real estate collateral to OREALT, a bankruptcy remote VIE that we consolidate. We expect to market these securities to third parties as the credit markets begin to stabilize.
(8) This agreement has no stated credit limit or maturity; however, each transaction matures and is renewed monthly.
Certain of our credit facilities require that we maintain minimum liquidity levels, and we are in compliance with these requirements.
A number of our credit agreements mature at various dates during the next twelve months. At March 31, 2008, we had an aggregate balance of $346,931 outstanding under secured lines of credit and repurchase agreements maturing within one year, subject to possible renewal and extension. Also at March 31, 2008, we had a match funded facility that had entered its amortization period, with no amortization and an outstanding balance of $148,899. This balance was repaid in April 2008. In addition, we had an aggregate balance of $527,513 outstanding at March 31, 2008 under match funded financing facilities that are scheduled to enter their amortization period during the next twelve months. We believe that we will be successful in replacing or renewing and extending all of our facilities that mature or enter their amortization periods over the next twelve months.
We have the following anticipated uses of cash:
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| · | Cash requirements to fund increases in advances, the acquisition of additional servicing rights and the cash needs of our existing operations; and |
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| · | Our commitment to invest an additional $75,237 in OSI and in NPL and affiliates. |
In addition to the anticipated uses of cash identified above, and to the extent we have available funds, we will also consider additional strategic investments in asset management vehicles and additional acquisitions. Regarding our investment in BMS Holdings, we are under no obligation to provide additional funding; however, we may elect to do so to protect or enhance our investment. In April 2008, we purchased $14,545 of our 3.25% Convertible Notes in the open market and may make additional purchases in 2008. We may also evaluate the retirement of our 10 7/8% Capital Securities which became redeemable in whole or in part at our option beginning August 1, 2007 at a redemption price of 105.438%.
Although successful execution cannot be guaranteed, management believes that the plans are sufficient to meet liquidity requirements for the next twelve months. We expect to comply with all financial covenants during that time. If we are unable to successfully implement these plans, or if unanticipated market factors emerge, it could have a material adverse impact upon our business, results of operations and financial position.
Cash totaled $174,684 at March 31, 2008 as compared to $114,243 at December 31, 2007.
Significant uses of funds for the first quarter of 2008 included the following:
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| · | The principal funding requirements of our Servicing operations totaled $49,222 and consisted of: |
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| o | Increase in advances and match funded advances | | $ | 30,461 | |
| | | | | | |
| o | Reduction of servicer liabilities | | $ | 15,134 | |
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| o | Purchase of mortgage servicing rights | | $ | 3,627 | |
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| · | Investment in auction rate securities of $297,983 |
Significant sources of funds for the first quarter of 2008 included the following:
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| · | Net borrowings under match funded advance financing facilities and lines of credit of $86,266 |
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| · | Net Investment Line borrowing of $283,836 |
Our operating activities used $306,946 and $119,700 of cash flow during the first quarter of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The $187,246 increase in net cash flows used by operating activities in the first quarter of 2008 as compared to 2007 primarily reflects a $192,564 increase in net cash used by trading activities. This increase in cash used by trading activities reflects the $297,983 investment in auction rate securities, offset in part by a decline in other short-term investment grade securities. Loans held for resale provided (used) cash of $1,303 and $(17,223) during the first three months of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The funding requirements of our Servicing business are reflected in the decrease in servicer liabilities and increase in servicing advances that collectively used $45,595 of cash in the first quarter of 2008. These same items used $31,172 of cash during the first quarter of 2007.
Our investing activities provided (used) cash flows totaling $162 and $(23,532) during the first quarter of 2008 and 2007, respectively. In the first quarter of 2008, purchases of mortgage servicing rights of $3,627 and investments in asset management entities totaling $1,250 were largely offset by distributions received from these asset management entities of $3,875. For the first quarter of 2007, $69,430 of purchases of MSRs were somewhat offset by the return of $45,894 of our investment in BMS Holdings. The decline in residential MSR acquisitions in 2008 reflects a more cautious acquisition strategy in response to the turmoil in the subprime mortgage market.
Our financing activities provided cash flows of $367,225 and $69,956 during the first quarter of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The $297,269 increase in cash flow provided by financing activities in the first three months of 2008 primarily reflects the $283,836 of net borrowing under the Investment Line to invest in auction rate securities and the utilization of unused borrowing capacity available under our match funded advance facilities, offset in part by our repayment in full of a $100,000 term note that began its amortization period in January 2008. For the first three months of 2007, cash flows used by financing activities primarily reflect borrowing under a new agreement secured by investment grade securities and an increase in borrowings secured by advances and MSRs, offset by the net repayment of collateralized borrowings used to finance loans held for resale.
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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Contractual Obligations
We believe that we have adequate resources to fund all unfunded commitments to the extent required and meet all contractual obligations as they become due. Such contractual obligations include our Convertible Notes, Capital Trust Securities, lines of credit and other secured borrowings, the Investment Line and operating leases. See Note 18 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding commitments and contingencies.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we engage in transactions with a variety of financial institutions and other companies that are not reflected on our balance sheet. In addition, through our investment in subordinate and residual securities, we provide credit support to the senior classes of securities. We are subject to potential financial loss if the counterparties to our off-balance sheet transaction are unable to complete an agreed upon transaction. We seek to limit counterparty risk through financial analysis, dollar limits and other monitoring procedures. We have also entered into non-cancelable operating leases and have committed to invest up to an additional $75,237 in asset management vehicles.
Derivatives.We record all derivative transactions at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. We use these derivatives primarily to manage our interest rate risk. The notional amounts of our derivative contracts do not reflect our exposure to credit loss.
Involvement with SPEs.We use SPEs for a variety of purposes but principally in the financing of our servicing advances and in the securitization of mortgage loans.
Our securitizations of mortgage loans have been structured as sales in accordance with SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities” (“SFAS No. 140”), and the SPEs to which we have transferred the mortgage loans are qualifying special purpose entities (“QSPEs”) under SFAS No. 140 and are therefore not subject to consolidation. We have retained both subordinated and residual interests in these QSPEs. Where we are the servicer of the securitized loans, we generally have the right to repurchase the mortgage loans from the QSPE when the costs exceed the benefits of servicing the remaining loans.
We generally use match funded securitization facilities to finance our servicing advances. The SPEs to which the advances are transferred in the securitization transaction are included in our consolidated financial statements either because the transfer did not qualify for sales accounting treatment or because the SPE is not a QSPE, and we have the majority equity interest in the SPE, or we are the primary beneficiary where the SPE is also a VIE. The holders of the debt of these SPEs can look only to the assets of the SPEs for satisfaction of the debt and have no recourse against OCN.
VIEs.In addition to certain of our financing SPEs, we have invested in a number of other VIEs primarily in connection with purchases of whole loans. If we determine that we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we report the VIE in our consolidated financial statements.
See Notes 1, 16 and 18 to our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding off-balance sheet arrangements.
RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” which establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurement. The FASB also issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” in February 2007, which gives entities the option to report at fair value many financial instruments and other items that are not currently required to be reported at fair value. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 on January 1, 2008 did not have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheet or consolidated statement of operations, but the implementation of SFAS No. 157 has resulted in additional required disclosures. Upon adoption of SFAS No. 159 on January 1, 2008, we did not elect the fair value option for any financial instrument we do not currently report at fair value.
For additional information regarding these and other recent accounting pronouncements, see Notes 2 and 3 to our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
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ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (Dollars in thousands) |
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Market risk includes liquidity risk, interest rate risk, prepayment risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk. Market risk also reflects the risk of declines in the valuation of trading securities, MSRs and in the value of the collateral underlying loans.
We are exposed to liquidity risk primarily because of the highly variable daily cash requirements to support the Servicing business including the requirement to make advances pursuant to servicing contracts and the process of remitting borrower payments to the custodial accounts. In general, we finance our operations through operating cash flows and various other sources including match funded agreements, secured lines of credit and repurchase agreements. We believe that we will be successful in replacing or renewing and extending all of our Servicing facilities that mature or enter their amortization periods over the next twelve months. We also anticipate that we will be successful in negotiating an extension of the Investment Line. However, because of the failed auctions, the auction rate securities are not currently liquid. In the event we need to liquidate our investment, we may not be able to do so without a loss of principal, unless a future auction on these investments is successful.
We are exposed to interest rate risk to the degree that our interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice at different speeds, or different bases, than our interest-earning assets. Our Servicing business is characterized by non-interest earning assets financed by interest-bearing liabilities. Among the more significant non-interest earning assets are servicing advances and MSRs. At March 31, 2008, we had total Servicing advances and match funded advances of $1,442,487.
We are also exposed to interest rate risk because earnings on float balances are affected by short-term interest rates. These float balances, which are not included in our financial statements, amounted to $387,159 at March 31, 2008 and averaged approximately $408,800 for the quarter ended March 31, 2008. We report these earnings as a component of servicing and subservicing fees. Partially offsetting this risk is the fact that a large component of our outstanding debt is variable rate debt. Therefore, declining rates may also reduce our interest expense for that financing depending on interest rate spreads and facility fees. At March 31, 2008, our total borrowings were $1,854,441. Of this amount $1,255,326, or 68%, was variable rate debt for which debt service costs are sensitive to changes in interest rates, and $599,115 was fixed rate debt including the Investment Line of $283,836. We have entered into an interest rate cap to hedge our exposure to rising interest rates on a $250,000 match funded advance facility with a variable rate of interest.
Our balance sheet at March 31, 2008 included interest-earning assets totaling $503,324 including $289,044 of auction rate securities, $90,987 of debt service accounts, $67,880 of loans held for resale and $21,743 of other investment grade securities.
Interest rates, prepayment speeds and the payment performance of the underlying loans significantly affect both our initial and ongoing valuations and the rate of amortization of MSRs. As of March 31, 2008, the carrying value and estimated fair value of our residential mortgage servicing rights were $181,758 and $241,676, respectively.
We face little market risk with regard to our advances and match funded advances on loans serviced for others. This is because we are obligated to fund advances only to the extent that we believe that they are recoverable and because advances generally are the first obligations to be satisfied when a securitization trust disburses funds. We are indirectly exposed to interest risk by our funding of advances because approximately 80% of our total advances and match funded advances are funded through borrowings, and most of the debt is variable rate debt.
Our operations in Canada, Germany and India expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk, but we consider this risk to be insignificant.
Impact of Changes in Interest Rates on the Net Value of Interest Rate-Sensitive Financial Instruments
We perform an interest rate sensitivity analysis of our portfolio of MSRs every quarter. We currently estimate that the fair value of the portfolio decreases or increases by approximately 4.40% and 3.45%, respectively, for every 50 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates. This sensitivity analysis is limited in that it was performed at a particular point in time; only contemplates certain movements in interest rates; does not incorporate changes in interest rate volatility; is subject to the accuracy of various assumptions used, including prepayment forecasts and discount rates; and does not incorporate other factors that would impact our overall financial performance in such scenarios. We carry MSRs at the lower of amortized cost or fair value by strata. To the extent that fair value were to decline below amortized cost, we would record an impairment charge to earnings and establish a valuation allowance. A subsequent increase in fair value could result in the recovery of some or all of a previously established valuation allowance. However, an increase in fair value of a particular stratum above its amortized cost would not be reflected in current earnings. For these reasons, this interest rate sensitivity estimate should not be viewed as an earnings forecast.
Our Investment Committee is authorized to utilize a wide variety of off-balance sheet financial techniques to assist it in the management of interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk. During the first quarter of 2008, we terminated our interest rate swap with a notional amount of $165,000 hedging our exposure to an increase in the fair value of our fixed-rate match funded note due to declining interest rates. At March 31, 2008, we had interest rate caps with a notional amount of $250,000 hedging our exposure to rising interest rates related to a variable-rate match funded note issued in December 2007. See Note 16 to our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our management of interest rate, credit and foreign currency exchange rate risk.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2008. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2008, our disclosure controls and procedures (1) were designed and functioning effectively to ensure that material information relating to OCN, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to our chief executive officer and chief financial officer by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report was being prepared and (2) were operating effectively in that they provided reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by OCN in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief executive officer or chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.
No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See “Note 18, Commitments and Contingencies” of the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
See our discussion of risk factors on page 22 of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
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(3) | Exhibits. |
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| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (1) |
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| 3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws (2) |
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| 4.0 | Form of Certificate of Common Stock (1) |
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| 4.1 | Certificate of Trust of Ocwen Capital Trust I (3) |
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| 4.2 | Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Ocwen Capital Trust I (3) |
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| 4.3 | Form of Capital Security of Ocwen Capital Trust I (included in Exhibit 4.4) (3) |
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| 4.4 | Form of Indenture relating to 10.875% Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2027 of OCN (3) |
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| 4.5 | Form of 10.875% Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2027 of OCN (included in Exhibit 4.6) (3) |
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| 4.6 | Form of Guarantee of OCN relating to the Capital Securities of Ocwen Capital Trust I (3) |
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| 4.7 | Registration Rights Agreement dated as of July 28, 2004, between OCN and Jeffries & Company Inc. (4) |
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| 4.8 | Indenture dated as of July 28, 2004, between OCN and the Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (4) |
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| 31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith) |
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| 31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith) |
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| 32.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith) |
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| 32.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith) |
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(1) | Incorporated by reference from the similarly described exhibit filed in connection with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-5153) as amended, declared effective by the commission on September 25, 1996. |
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(2) | Incorporated by reference from the similarly described exhibit included with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. |
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(3) | Incorporated by reference from the similarly described exhibit filed in connection with our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-28889), as amended, declared effective by the Commission on August 6, 1997. |
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(4) | Incorporated by reference from the similarly described exhibit included with Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004. |
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(5) | Incorporated by reference from the similarly described exhibit included with the Registrant’s form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 1, 2007. |
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | | |
| | | OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION | |
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Date: | May 8, 2008 | | By: | /s/ David J. Gunter | |
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| | | | David J. Gunter, | |
| | | | Executive Vice President, | |
| | | | Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Interim Chief Accounting Officer | |
| | | | (On behalf of the Registrant and as its principal financial officer) | |
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