Investments | Investments Available-for-Sale Securities The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt securities as of the dates presented (in thousands): March 31, 2022 Amortized Allowance for Expected Credit Losses Gross Gross Fair Value Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 22,380 $ — $ — $ (719) $ 21,661 Corporate bonds 722,680 (456) 111 (52,427) 669,908 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 323,684 — 38 (22,200) 301,522 Municipal bonds 14,924 — — (1,405) 13,519 Redeemable preferred stock 8,770 (116) — (587) 8,067 Total $ 1,092,438 $ (572) $ 149 $ (77,338) $ 1,014,677 December 31, 2021 Amortized Allowance for Expected Credit Losses Gross Gross Fair Value Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 27,076 $ — $ 64 $ (334) $ 26,806 Corporate bonds 687,058 (371) 843 (13,725) 673,805 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 322,844 — 194 (6,920) 316,118 Municipal bonds 14,925 (1) — (350) 14,574 Redeemable preferred stock 9,289 (117) 28 (48) 9,152 Total $ 1,061,192 $ (489) $ 1,129 $ (21,377) $ 1,040,455 The following table provides the credit quality of available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands): March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Average Credit Ratings Fair Value % of Total Fair Value % of Total AAA $ 309,960 30.5 % $ 321,975 31.0 % AA 139,554 13.8 % 139,186 13.4 % A 330,751 32.6 % 339,500 32.6 % BBB 227,901 22.5 % 234,358 22.5 % No Rating Available 6,511 0.6 % 5,436 0.5 % Total $ 1,014,677 100.0 % $ 1,040,455 100.0 % The table above includes credit quality ratings by Standard and Poor’s Rating Services, Inc. (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Fitch Ratings, Inc. The Company has presented the highest rating of the three rating agencies for each investment position. The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities as of the dates presented (in thousands): March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Amortized Fair Value Amortized Fair Value Mortgage-backed securities: Agency $ 146,674 $ 134,111 $ 147,992 $ 143,819 Non-agency 60,719 55,096 59,906 58,263 Asset-backed securities: Auto loan receivables 68,485 66,410 67,352 66,877 Credit card receivables 4,711 4,668 4,741 4,719 Other receivables 43,095 41,237 42,853 42,440 Total $ 323,684 $ 301,522 $ 322,844 $ 316,118 The following tables summarize available-for-sale debt securities, aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, for which no allowance for expected credit losses has been recorded as of the dates presented (in thousands): March 31, 2022 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Fair Value Unrealized Number of Fair Value Unrealized Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 2 $ 11,549 $ (63) 5 $ 10,112 $ (656) Corporate bonds 188 253,022 (16,821) 95 118,710 (12,044) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 118 156,773 (7,653) 70 138,894 (14,547) Municipal bonds 9 9,988 (932) 1 3,531 (473) Redeemable preferred stock 4 1,270 (122) — — — Total 321 $ 432,602 $ (25,591) 171 $ 271,247 $ (27,720) December 31, 2021 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Fair Value Unrealized Number of Fair Value Unrealized Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 4 $ 18,913 $ (111) 4 $ 5,016 $ (223) Corporate bonds 249 378,595 (7,468) 18 17,356 (679) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 145 274,883 (5,969) 11 23,273 (951) Municipal bonds 5 9,811 (269) — — — Redeemable preferred stock 1 200 (1) — — — Total 404 $ 682,402 $ (13,818) 33 $ 45,645 $ (1,853) Unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities in the above table as of March 31, 2022 have not been recognized into income as credit losses because the issuers are of high credit quality (investment grade securities), management does not intend to sell and it is likely management will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery, and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. There were no material factors impacting any one category or specific security requiring an accrual for credit loss. The issuers continue to make principal and interest payments on the bonds. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity. The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for expected credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities (in thousands): Corporate Bonds Municipal Bonds Redeemable Total Balance, December 31, 2020 $ 148 $ — $ 38 $ 186 Provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense 223 1 79 303 Balance, December 31, 2021 371 1 117 489 Provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense 85 (1) (1) 83 Balance, March 31, 2022 $ 456 $ — $ 116 $ 572 For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For available-for-sale debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by rating agencies, market sentiment and trends and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other quantitative and qualitative factors utilized for establishing an estimate for credit losses. If the assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present values of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense and are reported in general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes an available-for-sale debt security is confirmed as uncollected or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of investments with maturities as of the date presented (in thousands): March 31, 2022 Amortized Cost Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 53,698 $ 53,176 Due after one year through five years 504,075 475,424 Due after five years through ten years 501,063 455,448 Due after ten years 31,710 28,916 Perpetual maturity securities 1,892 1,713 Total $ 1,092,438 $ 1,014,677 All securities, except those with perpetual maturities, were categorized in the table above utilizing years to effective maturity. Effective maturity takes into consideration all forms of potential prepayment, such as call features or prepayment schedules, that shorten the lifespan of contractual maturity dates. The following table provides certain information related to available-for-sale debt securities, equity securities and investment in real estate during the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2022 2021 Proceeds from sales and maturities (fair value): Available-for-sale debt securities $ 25,306 $ 52,633 Equity securities $ 14,932 $ 1,576 Gross realized gains on sale of securities: Available-for-sale debt securities $ 6 $ 122 Equity securities $ 324 $ 343 Gross realized losses on sale of securities: Available-for-sale debt securities $ (270) $ (324) Equity securities $ (2) $ — Realized gains on sales of investment real estate (1) $ — $ 401 (1) During the first quarter of 2021, the Company completed the sale of a non-income producing investment real estate property. The Company received net cash proceeds of approximately $2.6 million and recognized a pre-tax gain of approximately $0.4 million that is included in net realized gains (losses) on investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The following table presents the components of net investment income, comprised primarily of interest and dividends, for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2022 2021 Available-for-sale debt securities $ 4,067 $ 2,829 Equity securities 535 591 Cash and cash equivalents (1) 22 11 Other (2) 128 268 Total investment income 4,752 3,699 Less: Investment expenses (3) (710) (713) Net investment income $ 4,042 $ 2,986 (1) Includes interest earned on restricted cash and cash equivalents. (2) Includes investment income earned on real estate investments. (3) Includes custodial fees, investment accounting and advisory fees, and expenses associated with real estate investments. Equity Securities The following table provides the unrealized gains and losses recognized for the periods presented on equity securities still held at the end of the reported period (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2022 2021 Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reported period on equity securities still held at the end of the reported period $ (3,353) $ (519) Investment Real Estate Investment real estate consisted of the following as of the dates presented (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2022 2021 Income Producing: Investment real estate $ 7,091 $ 7,091 Less: Accumulated depreciation (1,246) (1,200) Investment real estate, net $ 5,845 $ 5,891 The following table provides the depreciation expense related to investment real estate for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2022 2021 Depreciation expense on investment real estate $ 46 $ 46 |