Investments | 3. Investments Securities Available for Sale The following table provides the cost or amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale as of the dates presented (in thousands): June 30, 2017 Cost or Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Fixed Maturities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 78,049 $ 35 $ (545 ) $ 77,539 Corporate bonds 203,843 1,018 (658 ) 204,203 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 211,044 116 (1,392 ) 209,768 Municipal bonds 105,110 638 (1,836 ) 103,912 Redeemable preferred stock 13,727 769 (9 ) 14,487 Equity Securities: Mutual funds 12,078 59 (2,210 ) 9,927 Total $ 623,851 $ 2,635 $ (6,650 ) $ 619,836 December 31, 2016 Cost or Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Fixed Maturities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 74,937 $ — $ (670 ) $ 74,267 Corporate bonds 192,328 402 (1,300 ) 191,430 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 216,679 135 (2,038 ) 214,776 Municipal bonds 94,794 130 (3,727 ) 91,197 Redeemable preferred stock 12,723 125 (157 ) 12,691 Equity Securities: Common stock 214 — (121 ) 93 Mutual funds 53,900 407 (3,597 ) 50,710 Short-term investments 5,000 2 — 5,002 Total $ 650,575 $ 1,201 $ (11,610 ) $ 640,166 The following table provides the credit quality of investment securities with contractual maturities or the issuer of such securities as of the dates presented (in thousands): June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 % of Total % of Total Comparable Ratings Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value AAA $ 133,486 21.8 % $ 131,260 22.3 % AA 275,041 45.1 % 275,480 46.7 % A 118,716 19.5 % 107,418 18.2 % BBB 73,979 12.1 % 67,263 11.4 % BB+ and Below 3,982 0.7 % 3,444 0.6 % No Rating Available 4,705 0.8 % 4,498 0.8 % Total $ 609,909 100.0 % $ 589,363 100.0 % The tables above include comparable credit quality ratings by Standard and Poor’s Rating Services, Inc., Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Fitch Ratings, Inc. The following table summarizes the cost or amortized cost and fair value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities as of the dates presented (in thousands): June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Cost or Cost or Amortized Amortized Cost Fair Value Cost Fair Value Mortgage-backed Securities: Agency $ 106,015 $ 104,863 $ 110,724 $ 109,022 Non-agency 16,752 16,682 19,408 19,265 Asset-backed Securities: Auto loan receivables 37,216 37,195 37,390 37,429 Credit card receivables 39,894 39,872 38,640 38,568 Other receivables 11,167 11,156 10,517 10,492 Total $ 211,044 $ 209,768 $ 216,679 $ 214,776 The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses on securities available for sale, aggregated by major investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands): June 30, 2017 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Unrealized Number of Unrealized Issues Fair Value Losses Issues Fair Value Losses Fixed Maturities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 13 $ 55,479 $ (458 ) 2 $ 3,471 $ (87 ) Corporate bonds 107 79,838 (640 ) 2 312 (18 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 94 141,724 (1,295 ) 7 10,462 (97 ) Municipal bonds 61 72,065 (1,836 ) — — — Redeemable preferred stock 8 979 (9 ) — — — Equity Securities: Mutual funds — — — 3 9,142 (2,210 ) Total 283 $ 350,085 $ (4,238 ) 14 $ 23,387 $ (2,412 ) December 31, 2016 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Unrealized Number of Unrealized Issues Fair Value Losses Issues Fair Value Losses Fixed Maturities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 11 $ 70,453 $ (608 ) 2 $ 3,504 $ (62 ) Corporate bonds 116 96,379 (1,219 ) 4 3,250 (80 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 73 149,928 (1,923 ) 5 9,660 (115 ) Municipal bonds 69 79,402 (3,726 ) — — — Redeemable preferred stock 50 6,340 (158 ) — — — Equity Securities: Common stock 1 18 (7 ) 2 75 (115 ) Mutual funds 3 28,020 (774 ) 2 11,529 (2,823 ) Total 323 $ 430,540 $ (8,415 ) 15 $ 28,018 $ (3,195 ) Evaluating Investments for Other Than Temporary Impairment (“OTTI”) At June 30, 2017, the Company held fixed maturity and equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position as presented in the table above. For fixed maturity securities with significant declines in value, the Company performs quarterly fundamental credit analysis on a security-by-security basis, which includes consideration of credit quality and credit ratings, review of relevant industry analyst reports and other available market data. For fixed maturity and equity securities the Company considers whether it has the intent and ability to hold the securities for a period of time sufficient to recover its cost basis. Where the Company lacks the intent and ability to hold to recovery, or believes the recovery period is extended, the security’s decline in fair value is considered other than temporary and is recorded in earnings. Based on our analysis, we believe that our fixed income portfolio is of high quality and that we will recover the amortized cost basis of our fixed income securities. We continually monitor the credit quality of our fixed income investments to assess if it is probable that we will receive our contractual or estimated cash flows in the form of principal and interest. Additionally, the Company considers management’s intent and ability to hold the securities until recovery and its credit analysis of the individual issuers of the securities. Based on this process and analysis, management has no reason to believe the unrealized losses for securities available for sale at June 30, 2017 are other than temporary. As of June 30, 2017, the Company held approximately $9.1 million equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer. The unrealized loss on these equity securities was $2.2 million. Based on our analysis, the Company believes each equity security will recover in a reasonable period of time and the Company has the intent and ability to hold them until recovery. There were no OTTI losses recognized in the periods presented on the equity portfolio. The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of investments with contractual maturities as of the date presented (in thousands): June 30, 2017 Cost or Amortized Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 55,635 $ 55,622 Due after one year through five years 233,199 233,244 Due after five years through ten years 41,299 41,295 Due after ten years 56,869 55,493 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 211,044 209,768 Perpetual maturity securities 13,727 14,487 Total $ 611,773 $ 609,909 Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay with or without penalty. The following table provides certain information related to securities available for sale during the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Proceeds from sales and maturities (fair value) $ 85,293 $ 112,786 $ 107,622 $ 165,152 Gross realized gains $ 1,813 $ 576 $ 1,813 $ 1,261 Gross realized losses $ (103 ) $ — $ (166 ) $ (18 ) The following table presents the components of net investment income, comprised primarily of interest and dividends, for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Fixed maturities $ 3,206 $ 2,160 $ 5,916 $ 3,992 Equity securities 338 239 720 442 Short-term investments 7 14 22 45 Other (1) 188 281 332 437 Total investment income 3,739 2,694 6,990 4,916 Less: Investment expenses (2) (516 ) (552 ) (1,063 ) (1,169 ) Net investment (expense) income $ 3,223 $ 2,142 $ 5,927 $ 3,747 (1) Includes interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents. Also includes investment income earned on real estate investments. (2) Includes investment accounting and advisory fees, and expenses associated with real estate investments. Investment Real Estate Investment real estate consisted of the following as of the dates presented (in thousands): June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Income Producing: Investment real estate $ 6,918 $ 6,918 Less: Accumulated depreciation (371 ) (281 ) 6,547 6,637 Non-Income Producing: Properties under development 8,557 4,798 Investment real estate, net $ 15,104 $ 11,435 |