Investments | 3. Investments Securities Available for Sale The following table provides the cost or amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale as of the dates presented (in thousands): September 30, 2017 Cost or Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Fixed Maturities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 55,519 $ 21 $ (524 ) $ 55,016 Corporate bonds 215,455 883 (507 ) 215,831 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 219,321 110 (1,333 ) 218,098 Municipal bonds 106,926 706 (1,342 ) 106,290 Redeemable preferred stock 13,336 631 (23 ) 13,944 Equity Securities: Common stock 5,992 — (309 ) 5,683 Mutual funds 22,316 143 (2,067 ) 20,392 Total $ 638,865 $ 2,494 $ (6,105 ) $ 635,254 December 31, 2016 Cost or Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Fixed Maturities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 74,937 $ — $ (670 ) $ 74,267 Corporate bonds 192,328 402 (1,300 ) 191,430 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 216,679 135 (2,038 ) 214,776 Municipal bonds 94,794 130 (3,727 ) 91,197 Redeemable preferred stock 12,723 125 (157 ) 12,691 Equity Securities: Common stock 214 — (121 ) 93 Mutual funds 53,900 407 (3,597 ) 50,710 Short-term investments 5,000 2 — 5,002 Total $ 650,575 $ 1,201 $ (11,610 ) $ 640,166 The following table provides the credit quality of investment securities with contractual maturities or the issuer of such securities as of the dates presented (in thousands): September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 % of Total % of Total Comparable Ratings Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value AAA $ 130,119 21.4 % $ 131,260 22.3 % AA 268,056 44.0 % 275,480 46.7 % A 122,808 20.2 % 107,418 18.2 % BBB 79,950 13.1 % 67,263 11.4 % BB+ and Below 3,738 0.6 % 3,444 0.6 % No Rating Available 4,508 0.7 % 4,498 0.8 % Total $ 609,179 100.0 % $ 589,363 100.0 % The tables above include comparable credit quality ratings by Standard and Poor’s Rating Services, Inc., Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Fitch Ratings, Inc. The following table summarizes the cost or amortized cost and fair value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities as of the dates presented (in thousands): September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Cost or Cost or Amortized Amortized Cost Fair Value Cost Fair Value Mortgage-backed Securities: Agency $ 119,469 $ 118,387 $ 110,724 $ 109,022 Non-agency 15,418 15,334 19,408 19,265 Asset-backed Securities: Auto loan receivables 36,989 36,959 37,390 37,429 Credit card receivables 35,869 35,846 38,640 38,568 Other receivables 11,576 11,572 10,517 10,492 Total $ 219,321 $ 218,098 $ 216,679 $ 214,776 The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses on securities available for sale, aggregated by major investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2017 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Unrealized Number of Unrealized Issues Fair Value Losses Issues Fair Value Losses Fixed Maturities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 10 $ 47,102 $ (404 ) 4 $ 4,345 $ (120 ) Corporate bonds 100 76,577 (410 ) 11 7,105 (97 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 90 146,458 (1,196 ) 8 13,063 (137 ) Municipal bonds 43 46,363 (601 ) 15 24,714 (741 ) Redeemable preferred stock 13 1,518 (19 ) 1 107 (4 ) Equity Securities: Common stock 2 5,683 (309 ) — — — Mutual funds 5 293 (2 ) 2 9,202 (2,065 ) Total 263 $ 323,994 $ (2,941 ) 41 $ 58,536 $ (3,164 ) December 31, 2016 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Unrealized Number of Unrealized Issues Fair Value Losses Issues Fair Value Losses Fixed Maturities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 11 $ 70,453 $ (608 ) 2 $ 3,504 $ (62 ) Corporate bonds 116 96,379 (1,219 ) 4 3,250 (80 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 73 149,928 (1,923 ) 5 9,660 (115 ) Municipal bonds 69 79,402 (3,726 ) — — — Redeemable preferred stock 50 6,340 (158 ) — — — Equity Securities: Common stock 1 18 (7 ) 2 75 (115 ) Mutual funds 3 28,020 (774 ) 2 11,529 (2,823 ) Total 323 $ 430,540 $ (8,415 ) 15 $ 28,018 $ (3,195 ) Evaluating Investments for Other Than Temporary Impairment (“OTTI”) At September 30, 2017, the Company held fixed maturity and equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position as presented in the table above. For fixed maturity securities with significant declines in value, the Company performs quarterly fundamental credit analysis on a security-by-security basis, which includes consideration of credit quality and credit ratings, review of relevant industry analyst reports and other available market data. For fixed maturity and equity securities the Company considers whether it has the intent and ability to hold the securities for a period of time sufficient to recover its cost basis. Where the Company lacks the intent and ability to hold to recovery, or believes the recovery period is extended, the security’s decline in fair value is considered other than temporary and is recorded in earnings. Based on our analysis, we believe that our fixed income portfolio is of high quality and that we will recover the amortized cost basis of our fixed income securities. We continually monitor the credit quality of our fixed income investments to assess if it is probable that we will receive our contractual or estimated cash flows in the form of principal and interest. Additionally, the Company considers management’s intent and ability to hold the securities until recovery and its credit analysis of the individual issuers of the securities. Based on this process and analysis, management has no reason to believe the unrealized losses for securities available for sale at September 30, 2017 are other than temporary. As of September 30, 2017, the Company held approximately $9.2 million equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer. The unrealized loss on these equity securities was $2.1 million. Based on our analysis, the Company believes each equity security will recover in a reasonable period of time and the Company has the intent and ability to hold them until recovery. There were no OTTI losses recognized in the periods presented on the equity portfolio. The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of investments with contractual maturities as of the date presented (in thousands): September 30, 2017 Cost or Amortized Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 42,233 $ 42,233 Due after one year through five years 229,841 229,898 Due after five years through ten years 47,716 47,879 Due after ten years 58,110 57,127 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 219,321 218,098 Perpetual maturity securities 13,336 13,944 Total $ 610,557 $ 609,179 Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay with or without penalty. The following table provides certain information related to securities available for sale during the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Proceeds from sales and maturities (fair value) $ 67,818 $ 23,744 $ 175,440 $ 188,896 Gross realized gains $ 849 $ 107 $ 2,662 $ 1,369 Gross realized losses $ (46 ) $ (6 ) $ (212 ) $ (25 ) The following table presents the components of net investment income, comprised primarily of interest and dividends, for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Fixed maturities $ 2,977 $ 2,456 $ 8,893 $ 6,447 Equity securities 348 223 1,068 666 Short-term investments — 15 22 60 Other (1) 319 166 651 603 Total investment income 3,644 2,860 10,634 7,776 Less: Investment expenses (2) (559 ) (556 ) (1,622 ) (1,725 ) Net investment (expense) income $ 3,085 $ 2,304 $ 9,012 $ 6,051 (1) Includes interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents. Also includes investment income earned on real estate investments. (2) Includes investment accounting and advisory fees, and expenses associated with real estate investments. Investment Real Estate Investment real estate consisted of the following as of the dates presented (in thousands): September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Income Producing: Investment real estate $ 6,918 $ 6,918 Less: Accumulated depreciation (415 ) (281 ) 6,503 6,637 Non-Income Producing: Properties under development 9,821 4,798 Investment real estate, net $ 16,324 $ 11,435 |