Investments | 3. Investments Securities Available for Sale The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value of debt and short-term investment securities available for sale as of the dates presented (in thousands): March 31, 2018 Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 60,073 $ — $ (1,276 ) $ 58,797 Corporate bonds 302,764 299 (4,333 ) 298,730 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 234,053 39 (4,593 ) 229,499 Municipal bonds 34,327 4 (47 ) 34,284 Redeemable preferred stock 12,671 386 (129 ) 12,928 Short-term investments 10,000 — — 10,000 Total $ 653,888 $ 728 $ (10,378 ) $ 644,238 December 31, 2017 Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 60,481 $ — $ (877 ) $ 59,604 Corporate bonds 228,336 476 (1,308 ) 227,504 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 221,956 19 (2,523 ) 219,452 Municipal bonds 120,883 599 (1,187 ) 120,295 Redeemable preferred stock 12,059 485 (65 ) 12,479 Short-term investments 10,000 — — 10,000 Total $ 653,715 $ 1,579 $ (5,960 ) $ 649,334 The following table provides the credit quality of investment in available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities or the issuer of such securities as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands): March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 % of Total % of Total Comparable Ratings Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value AAA $ 126,242 19.6 % $ 135,237 20.8 % AA 250,660 38.9 % 292,496 45.1 % A 152,908 23.7 % 134,505 20.7 % BBB 109,087 16.9 % 80,566 12.4 % BB+ and Below 2,945 0.5 % 2,919 0.4 % No Rating Available 2,396 0.4 % 3,611 0.6 % Total $ 644,238 100.0 % $ 649,334 100.0 % The tables above include comparable credit quality ratings by Standard and Poor’s Rating Services, Inc., Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Fitch Ratings, Inc. The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities as of the dates presented (in thousands): March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Amortized Amortized Cost Fair Value Cost Fair Value Mortgage-backed Securities: Agency $ 132,498 $ 129,750 $ 118,014 $ 116,014 Non-agency 19,650 19,286 17,676 17,488 Asset-backed Securities: Auto loan receivables 39,313 39,011 35,105 34,962 Credit card receivables 16,172 16,017 38,844 38,719 Other receivables 26,420 25,435 12,317 12,269 Total $ 234,053 $ 229,499 $ 221,956 $ 219,452 The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities, aggregated by major investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands): March 31, 2018 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Unrealized Number of Unrealized Issues Fair Value Losses Issues Fair Value Losses Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 10 $ 40,203 $ (553 ) 5 $ 23,590 $ (723 ) Corporate bonds 314 226,028 (3,328 ) 35 31,603 (1,005 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 102 140,047 (2,090 ) 47 68,200 (2,503 ) Municipal bonds 6 3,289 (47 ) — — — Redeemable preferred stock 66 3,271 (129 ) — — — Total 498 $ 412,838 $ (6,147 ) 87 $ 123,393 $ (4,231 ) December 31, 2017 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Unrealized Number of Unrealized Issues Fair Value Losses Issues Fair Value Losses Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 7 $ 35,464 $ (301 ) 9 $ 24,140 $ (576 ) Corporate bonds 159 142,208 (792 ) 39 29,796 (516 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 83 137,481 (955 ) 37 70,218 (1,568 ) Municipal bonds 36 28,265 (246 ) 30 48,370 (941 ) Redeemable preferred stock 21 2,464 (65 ) — — — Total 306 $ 345,882 $ (2,359 ) 115 $ 172,524 $ (3,601 ) Evaluating Investments for Other Than Temporary Impairment (“OTTI”) As of March 31, 2018, the Company held available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position as presented in the table above. For available-for-sale debt securities with significant declines in value, the Company performs quarterly fundamental credit analysis on a security-by-security basis, which includes consideration of credit quality and credit ratings, review of relevant industry analyst reports and other available market data. For available-for-sale debt securities, the Company considers whether it has the intent and ability to hold the available-for-sale debt securities for a period of time sufficient to recover its cost basis. Where the Company lacks the intent and ability to hold to recovery, or believes the recovery period is extended, the security’s decline in fair value is considered other than temporary and is recorded in earnings. Based on our analysis, our fixed income portfolio is of high quality and we believe that we will recover the amortized cost basis of our available-for-sale debt securities. We continually monitor the credit quality of our investments in available-for-sale debt securities to assess if it is probable that we will receive our contractual or estimated cash flows in the form of principal and interest. Additionally, the Company considers management’s intent and ability to hold the available-for-sale debt securities until recovery and its credit analysis of the individual issuers of the securities. Based on this process and analysis, management has no reason to believe the unrealized losses for available-for-sale debt securities available for sale as of March 31, 2018 are other than temporary. The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of investments with contractual maturities as of the date presented (in thousands): March 31, 2018 Amortized Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 61,458 $ 61,266 Due after one year through five years 216,211 212,187 Due after five years through ten years 86,662 85,479 Due after ten years 42,833 42,879 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 234,053 229,499 Perpetual maturity securities 12,671 12,928 Total $ 653,888 $ 644,238 Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay with or without penalty. The following table provides certain information related to available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities during the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 2017 Proceeds from sales and maturities (fair value): Available-for-sale debt securities $ 124,827 $ 19,829 Equity securities $ 1,045 $ 2,500 Gross realized gains on sale of securities: Available-for-sale debt securities $ 307 $ — Equity securities $ 124 $ — Gross realized losses on sale of securities: Available-for-sale debt securities $ (3,072 ) $ (36 ) Equity securities $ — $ (27 ) The following table presents the components of net investment income, comprised primarily of interest and dividends, for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 2017 Available-for-sale debt securities $ 3,700 $ 2,710 Equity securities 583 382 Available-for-sale short-term investments 89 15 Other (1) 1,054 144 Total investment income 5,426 3,251 Less: Investment expenses (2) (641 ) (547 ) Net investment (expense) income $ 4,785 $ 2,704 (1) Includes interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents. Also includes investment income earned on real estate investments. (2) Includes bank fees, investment accounting and advisory fees, and expenses associated with real estate investments. Equity Securities The following table presents the portion of unrealized gains and losses related to equity securities for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 2017 Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities $ (4,985 ) $ (27 ) Less: Net (gains) and losses recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period (124 ) 27 Unrealized gains and (losses) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting period $ (5,109 ) $ — Investment Real Estate Investment real estate consisted of the following as of the dates presented (in thousands): March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Income Producing: Investment real estate (1) $ 14,530 $ 6,918 Less: Accumulated depreciation (561 ) (460 ) 13,969 6,458 Non-Income Producing: Properties under development (1) 5,437 12,016 Investment real estate, net $ 19,406 $ 18,474 (1) During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company transferred $7.4 million from properties under development to investment real estate. Depreciation expense related to investment real estate for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 2017 Depreciation expense on investment real estate $ 103 $ 45 |