Investments | 3. Investments Securities Available for Sale The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value of debt and short-term investment securities available for sale as of the dates presented (in thousands): September 30, 2018 Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 67,442 $ 15 $ (1,459 ) $ 65,998 Corporate bonds 415,600 532 (6,165 ) 409,967 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 275,128 23 (5,923 ) 269,228 Municipal bonds 3,401 — (123 ) 3,278 Redeemable preferred stock 11,922 206 (191 ) 11,937 Total $ 773,493 $ 776 $ (13,861 ) $ 760,408 December 31, 2017 Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies $ 60,481 $ — $ (877 ) $ 59,604 Corporate bonds 228,336 476 (1,308 ) 227,504 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 221,956 19 (2,523 ) 219,452 Municipal bonds 120,883 599 (1,187 ) 120,295 Redeemable preferred stock 12,059 485 (65 ) 12,479 Short-term investments 10,000 — — 10,000 Total $ 653,715 $ 1,579 $ (5,960 ) $ 649,334 The following table provides the credit quality of available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 (1) % of Total % of Total Average Credit Ratings Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value AAA $ 344,801 45.3 % $ 317,313 48.9 % AA 92,411 12.2 % 129,573 20.0 % A 216,074 28.4 % 146,749 22.6 % BBB 103,427 13.6 % 51,020 7.8 % BB+ and Below 117 0.0 % 1,569 0.2 % No Rating Available 3,578 0.5 % 3,110 0.5 % Total $ 760,408 100.0 % $ 649,334 100.0 % (1) The credit ratings in the table above have been reclassified from the prior periods’ consolidated financial statements to conform to the current periods’ presentation. The table above includes credit quality ratings by Standard and Poor’s Rating Services, Inc., Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Fitch Ratings, Inc. The Company has presented the highest rating of the three rating agencies for each investment position. The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities as of the dates presented (in thousands): September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Amortized Amortized Cost Fair Value Cost Fair Value Mortgage-backed Securities: Agency $ 152,068 $ 148,472 $ 118,014 $ 116,014 Non-agency 44,509 44,005 17,676 17,488 Asset-backed Securities: Auto loan receivables 28,983 28,649 35,105 34,962 Credit card receivables 23,836 23,665 38,844 38,719 Other receivables 25,732 24,437 12,317 12,269 Total $ 275,128 $ 269,228 $ 221,956 $ 219,452 The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities, aggregated by major investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2018 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Unrealized Number of Unrealized Issues Fair Value Losses Issues Fair Value Losses Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 5 $ 15,734 $ (313 ) 11 $ 40,389 $ (1,146 ) Corporate bonds 413 316,750 (4,599 ) 66 51,245 (1,566 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 86 135,530 (1,643 ) 98 109,884 (4,280 ) Municipal bonds 6 3,278 (123 ) — — — Redeemable preferred stock 98 4,739 (154 ) 1 408 (37 ) Total 608 $ 476,031 $ (6,832 ) 176 $ 201,926 $ (7,029 ) December 31, 2017 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Number of Unrealized Number of Unrealized Issues Fair Value Losses Issues Fair Value Losses Debt Securities: U.S. government obligations and agencies 7 $ 35,464 $ (301 ) 9 $ 24,140 $ (576 ) Corporate bonds 159 142,208 (792 ) 39 29,796 (516 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 83 137,481 (955 ) 37 70,218 (1,568 ) Municipal bonds 36 28,265 (246 ) 30 48,370 (941 ) Redeemable preferred stock 21 2,464 (65 ) — — — Total 306 $ 345,882 $ (2,359 ) 115 $ 172,524 $ (3,601 ) Evaluating Investments for Other Than Temporary Impairment (“OTTI”) As of September 30, 2018, the Company held available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position as presented in the table above. For available-for-sale debt securities with significant declines in value, the Company performs quarterly fundamental credit analysis on a security-by-security basis, which includes consideration of credit quality and credit ratings, review of relevant industry analyst reports and other available market data. For available-for-sale debt securities, the Company considers whether it has the intent and ability to hold the available-for-sale debt securities for a period of time sufficient to recover its cost basis. Where the Company lacks the intent and ability to hold to recovery, or believes the recovery period is extended, the security’s decline in fair value is considered other than temporary and is recorded in earnings. Based on our analysis, our fixed income portfolio is of high quality and we believe that we will recover the amortized cost basis of our available-for-sale debt securities. We continually monitor the credit quality of our investments in available-for-sale debt securities to assess if it is probable that we will receive our contractual or estimated cash flows in the form of principal and interest. Additionally, the Company considers management’s intent and ability to hold the available-for-sale debt securities until recovery and its credit analysis of the individual issuers of the securities. Based on this process and analysis, management has no reason to believe the unrealized losses of the available-for-sale debt securities as of September 30, 2018 are other than temporary. The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of investments with contractual maturities as of the date presented (in thousands): September 30, 2018 Amortized Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 65,340 $ 65,054 Due after one year through five years 246,639 242,313 Due after five years through ten years 158,771 156,385 Due after ten years 15,693 15,491 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 275,128 269,228 Perpetual maturity securities 11,922 11,937 Total $ 773,493 $ 760,408 Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay with or without penalty. The following table provides certain information related to available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities during the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Proceeds from sales and maturities (fair value): Available-for-sale debt securities $ 32,287 $ 49,762 $ 225,989 $ 100,413 Equity securities $ 4,158 $ 18,056 $ 8,285 $ 75,027 Gross realized gains on sale of securities: Available-for-sale debt securities $ 1 $ 302 $ 318 $ 330 Equity securities $ 413 $ 547 $ 714 $ 2,332 Gross realized losses on sale of securities: Available-for-sale debt securities $ (11 ) $ (19 ) $ (3,125 ) $ (59 ) Equity securities $ — $ (27 ) $ — $ (153 ) The following table presents the components of net investment income, comprised primarily of interest and dividends, for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Available-for-sale debt securities $ 4,595 $ 2,977 $ 12,390 $ 8,893 Equity securities 722 348 2,016 1,068 Available-for-sale short-term investments — — 145 22 Other (1) 2,106 319 4,765 651 Total investment income 7,423 3,644 19,316 10,634 Less: Investment expenses (2) (781 ) (559 ) (2,103 ) (1,622 ) Net investment (expense) income $ 6,642 $ 3,085 $ 17,213 $ 9,012 (1) Includes interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents. Also includes investment income earned on real estate investments. (2) Includes custodial fees, investment accounting, advisory fees and expenses associated with real estate investments. Equity Securities The following table provides details on the realized and unrealized gains and losses related to equity securities for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities $ (2,060 ) $ 520 $ (8,389 ) $ 2,179 Less: Net (gains) and losses recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period (413 ) (520 ) (714 ) (2,179 ) Unrealized gains and (losses) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting period $ (2,473 ) $ — $ (9,103 ) $ — Investment Real Estate Investment real estate consisted of the following as of the dates presented (in thousands): September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Income Producing: Investment real estate (1) $ 14,619 $ 6,918 Less: Accumulated depreciation (767 ) (460 ) 13,852 6,458 Non-Income Producing: Properties under development (1) 9,868 12,016 Investment real estate, net $ 23,720 $ 18,474 (1) During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company transferred $7.4 million from properties under development to investment real estate. Depreciation expense related to investment real estate for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Depreciation expense on investment real estate $ 103 $ 45 $ 307 $ 134 |