MORGAN STANLEY |
Definition of Performance Metrics and GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures |
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GAAP vs. Non-GAAP Measures |
(a) | From time to time, Morgan Stanley may disclose certain “non-GAAP financial measures” in the course of its earnings releases, earnings conference calls, financial presentations and otherwise. For these purposes, “GAAP” refers to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) defines a “non-GAAP financial measure” as a numerical measure of historical or future financial performance, financial positions, or cash flows that is subject to adjustments that effectively exclude, or include amounts from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by Morgan Stanley are provided as additional information to investors in order to provide them with greater transparency about, or an alternative method for assessing, our financial condition, operating results or prospective regulatory capital requirements. These measures are not in accordance with, or a substitute for GAAP, and may be different from or inconsistent with non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Whenever we refer to a non-GAAP financial measure, we will also generally define it or present the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, along with a reconciliation of the differences between the non-GAAP financial measure we reference and such comparable GAAP financial measure. In addition to the following notes, please also refer to the Firm's fourth quarter earnings release footnotes for such definitions and reconciliations. |
(b) | The following are considered non-GAAP financial measures: earnings (loss) per diluted share excluding DVA, return on average common equity metrics, return on average common equity excluding DVA metrics, return on average Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tangible Common Equity, Tangible book value per common share and pre-tax margin. These measures are calculated as follows: - The earnings (loss) per diluted share amounts, excluding DVA represent net income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to Morgan Stanley, or net income (loss) applicable to Morgan Stanley, in each case adjusted for the positive / (negative) impact of DVA, less preferred dividends divided by the average number of diluted shares outstanding. - The return on average common equity and the return on average common equity from continuing operations equal income applicable to Morgan Stanley in each case less preferred dividends as a percentage of average common equity. - The return on average common equity and the return on average common equity from continuing operations excluding DVA are adjusted for DVA in each case in the numerator and denominator. - The return on average Common Equity Tier 1 capital from continuing operations equals income applicable to Morgan Stanley less preferred dividends as a percentage of average Common Equity Tier 1 capital. - Tangible common equity equals common equity less goodwill and intangible assets net of allowable mortgage servicing rights deduction. - Tangible book value per common share equals tangible common equity divided by period end common shares outstanding. - Pre-tax profit margin percentages represent income from continuing operations before income taxes as a percentage of net revenues. |
(c) | Results for the quarters ended December 31, 2015, September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, include positive/(negative) revenue of $(124) million, $435 million and $223 million, respectively, related to the change in the fair value of certain of the Firm's long-term and short-term borrowings resulting from the fluctuation in the Firm's credit spreads and other credit factors (Debt Valuation Adjustment, DVA). Results for the full year ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, include positive DVA revenue of $618 million and $651 million, respectively. |
(d) | The fully phased-in Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and fully phased-in Supplementary Leverage Ratio are proforma estimates which represent non-GAAP financial measures that the Company considers to be useful measures for evaluating compliance with new regulatory capital requirements that have not yet become effective. Supplementary leverage ratio equals Tier 1 capital (calculated under U.S. Basel III transitional rules) divided by the total supplementary leverage exposure. For information on the calculation of regulatory capital and ratios for prior periods, please refer to Part 2, Item 7 "Regulatory Requirements" in Morgan Stanley's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 and Part 1, Item 2 "Regulatory Requirements" in Morgan Stanley's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015. |
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Definitions and notes on financial performance metrics |
(a) | Book value per common share equals common equity divided by period end common shares outstanding. |
(b) | Firmwide regional revenues reflect the Firm's consolidated net revenues on a managed basis. Further discussion regarding the geographic methodology for net revenues is disclosed in Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Firm's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. |
(c) | As a U.S. Basel III Advanced Approach banking organization, the Firm is required to compute risk-based capital ratios using both (i) standardized approaches for calculating credit risk weighted assets (“RWAs”) and market risk RWAs (the “Standardized Approach”); and (ii) an advanced internal ratings-based approach for calculating credit risk RWAs, an advanced measurement approach for calculating operational risk RWAs, and an advanced approach for market risk RWAs calculated under Basel III (the “Advanced Approach”). To implement a provision of the Dodd-Frank Act, U.S. Basel III subjects Advanced Approach banking organizations that have been approved by their regulators to exit the parallel run, such as the Firm, to a permanent “capital floor.” In calendar year 2014, the capital floor resulted in the Firm's capital ratios being the lower of the capital ratios computed under the Advanced Approach or the U.S. Basel I-based rules as supplemented by the market risk rules known as “Basel 2.5”. Beginning on January 1, 2015, the capital floor is the lower of the capital ratios computed under the Advanced Approach or the Standardized Approach under U.S. Basel III, taking into consideration applicable transitional provisions. As of December 31, 2015, the lower ratio is represented by U.S. Basel III Advanced Approach. These computations are preliminary estimates as of January 19, 2016 (the date of this release) and could be subject to revision in Morgan Stanley’s 2015 Form 10-K. For information on the calculation of regulatory capital and ratios for prior periods, please refer to Part 2, Item 7 "Regulatory Requirements" in Morgan Stanley's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 and Part 1, Item 2 "Regulatory Requirements" in Morgan Stanley's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015. |
(d) | The global liquidity reserve, which is held within the bank and non-bank operating subsidiaries, is comprised of highly liquid and diversified cash and cash equivalents and unencumbered securities. Eligible unencumbered securities include U.S. government securities, U.S. agency securities, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, non-U.S. government securities and other highly liquid investment grade securities. |
(e) | The Firm's goodwill and intangible balances are net of allowable mortgage servicing rights deduction. |
(f) | Institutional Securities net income applicable to noncontrolling interests primarily represents the allocation to Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. of Morgan Stanley MUFG Securities Co., Ltd, which the Firm consolidates. |
(g) | VaR represents the loss amount that one would not expect to exceed, on average, more than five times every one hundred trading days in the Firm's trading positions if the portfolio were held constant for a one-day period. Further discussion of the calculation of VaR and the limitations of the Firm's VaR methodology, is disclosed in Part II, Item 7A "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" included in the Firm's 2014 Form 10-K. |
(h) | Annualized revenue per Wealth Management representative is defined as annualized revenue divided by average representative headcount. |
(i) | Client assets per Wealth Management representative represents total client assets divided by period end representative headcount. |
(j) | Wealth Management client liabilities reflect U.S. Bank lending and broker dealer margin activity. |
(k) | Wealth Management fee based client account assets represent the amount of assets in client accounts where the basis of payment for services is a fee calculated on those assets. |
(l) | Wealth Management fee based asset flows include net new fee-based assets, net account transfers, dividends, interest, and client fees and exclude cash management related activity. |
(m) | The alternatives asset class within Traditional Asset Management includes a range of investment products such as funds of hedge funds, funds of private equity funds and funds of real estate funds. |
(n) | Investment Management net flows include new commitments, investments or reinvestments, net of client redemptions, returns of capital post-fund investment period and dividends not reinvested; and excludes the impact of the transition of funds from their commitment period to the invested capital period. |
(o) | The share of minority stake assets represents Investment Management's proportional share of assets managed by entities in which it owns a minority stake. |
(p) | U.S. Bank refers to the Firm’s U.S. Bank operating subsidiaries Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and Morgan Stanley Private Bank, National Association and excludes transactions with affiliated entities. |
(q) | The Institutional Securities U.S. Bank other lending data includes activities related to commercial and residential mortgage lending, asset-backed lending, corporate loans purchased in the secondary market, financing extended to equities and commodities customers, and loans to municipalities. |
(r) | The Firm’s capital estimation and attribution to the business segments are based on the Required Capital framework, an internal capital adequacy measure which considers risk, leverage, potential losses from extreme stress events, and diversification under a going concern capital concept at a point in time. The framework also takes into consideration regulatory capital requirements as well as capital required for organic growth, acquisitions and other business needs. For further discussion of the framework, refer to Part I, Item 2 "Regulatory Requirements" in Morgan Stanley's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015. |
(s) | Preferred stock dividend / other includes allocation of earnings to Participating Restricted Stock Units (RSUs). |
(t) | The Firm calculates earnings per share using the two-class method as described under the accounting guidance for earnings per share. For further discussion of the Firm's earnings per share calculations, see page 13 of the Financial Supplement and Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements in the Firm's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015. |