RELX (RELX) 20-F 28 Feb 19 2018 FY Annual report (foreign) Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018shares
Documentand Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	20-F
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	REL
Entity Registrant Name	RELX PLC
Entity Central Index Key	929,869
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	1,961,889,715
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false

Consolidated Income Statement

Consolidated Income Statement - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenue	£ 7,492	£ 7,341	£ 6,889
Cost of sales	(2,644)	(2,628)	(2,488)
Gross profit	4,848	4,713	4,401
Selling and distribution costs	(1,191)	(1,163)	(1,109)
Administration and other expenses	(1,725)	(1,682)	(1,621)
Share of results of joint ventures	32	37	37
Operating profit	1,964	1,905	1,708
Finance income	6	6	10
Finance costs	(217)	(205)	(223)
Net finance costs	(211)	(199)	(213)
Disposals and other non-operating items	(33)	15	(36)
Profit before tax	1,720	1,721	1,459
Current tax	(297)	(439)	(374)
Deferred tax	5	374	73
Tax expense	(292)	(65)	(301)
Net profit for the year	1,428	1,656	1,158
Attributable to:
RELX PLC shareholders	1,422	1,648	1,150
Non-controlling interests	6	8	8
Net profit for the year	£ 1,428	£ 1,656	£ 1,158
Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share	£ 0.719	£ 0.816	£ 0.558
Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share	0.714	0.810	0.553
RELX PLC [member]
Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share	0.719	0.816	0.558
Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share	£ 0.714	£ 0.810	£ 0.553

Consolidated Statement of Compr

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement Of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net profit for the year	£ 1,428	£ 1,656	£ 1,158
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes	(91)	233	(262)
Tax on items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss	15	(59)	45
Total items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss	(76)	174	(217)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations	207	(507)	667
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges	(59)	137	(165)
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	17	25	46
Tax on items that may be reclassified to profit or loss	9	(30)	19
Total items that may be reclassified to profit or loss	174	(375)	567
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year	98	(201)	350
Total comprehensive income for the year	1,526	1,455	1,508
Attributable to:
RELX PLC shareholders	1,520	1,447	1,500
Non-controlling interests	6	8	8
Total comprehensive income for the year	£ 1,526	£ 1,455	£ 1,508

Consolidated Statement of Cash

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations	£ 2,555	£ 2,526	£ 2,311
Interest paid	(179)	(169)	(178)
Interest received	24	6	10
Tax paid (net)	(415)	(449)	(402)
Net cash from operating activities	1,985	1,914	1,741
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisitions	(935)	(131)	(361)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(56)	(51)	(51)
Expenditure on internally developed intangible assets	(306)	(303)	(282)
Purchase of investments	(13)	(10)	(6)
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment	4	1	1
Gross proceeds from business disposals	34	84	18
Payments on business disposals	(29)	(43)	(23)
Dividends received from joint ventures	30	38	44
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,271)	(415)	(660)
Cash flows from financing activities
Dividends paid to shareholders of RELX PLC	(796)	(762)	(683)
Distributions to non-controlling interests	(8)	(10)	(9)
Increase/(decrease) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	147	(148)	271
Issuance of term debt	958	873	603
Repayment of term debt	(211)	(712)	(474)
Repayment of leases	(95)	(89)	(82)
Receipts in respect of subleases	14	11	8
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(700)	(700)	(700)
Purchase of shares by Employee Benefit Trust	(43)	(39)	(29)
Proceeds on issue of ordinary shares	21	32	23
Net cash used in financing activities	(713)	(1,544)	(1,072)
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	1	(45)	9
Movement in cash and cash equivalents
At start of year	111	162	122
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	1	(45)	9
Exchange translation differences	2	(6)	31
At end of year	£ 114	£ 111	£ 162

Consolidated Statement of Finan

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Non-current assets
Goodwill	£ 6,899	£ 5,965	£ 6,392
Intangible assets	3,534	3,194	3,604
Investments in joint ventures	104	102	102
Other investments	151	141	137
Property, plant and equipment	198	194	223
Right of use assets	263	287	326
Deferred tax assets	455	431	469
Net pension assets	6	22
Derivative financial instruments	37	86	49
Non-current assets	11,647	10,422	11,302
Current assets
Inventories and pre-publication costs	212	197	209
Trade and other receivables	2,015	1,873	2,015
Derivative financial instruments	10	29	20
Cash and cash equivalents	114	111	162
Current assets	2,351	2,210	2,406
Assets held for sale	1		6
Total assets	13,999	12,632	13,714
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables	3,432	3,298	3,479
Derivative financial instruments	32	32	85
Borrowings	1,392	762	1,169
Taxation	450	560	612
Provisions	15	12	17
Current liabilities	5,321	4,664	5,362
Non-current liabilities
Derivative financial instruments	37	25	110
Borrowings	4,973	4,491	4,087
Deferred tax liabilities	830	738	1,137
Net pension obligations	439	350	636
Provisions	36	51	69
Non-current liabilities	6,315	5,655	6,039
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale	4		5
Total liabilities	11,640	10,319	11,406
Net assets	2,359	2,313	2,308
Capital and reserves
Share capital	290	224	226
Share premium	1,415	3,104	3,003
Shares held in treasury	(734)	(1,631)	(1,471)
Translation reserve	374	170	727
Other reserves	984	425	(215)
Shareholders’ equity	2,329	2,292	2,270
Non-controlling interests	30	21	38
Total equity	£ 2,359	£ 2,313	£ 2,308

Consolidated Statement of Chang

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Total	Share capital [member]	Share premium [member]	Shares held in treasury [member]	Translation reserve [member]	Other reserves [member]	Shareholders' equity [member]	Non-controlling interests [member]
Equity at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2015	£ 2,178	£ 224	£ 2,748	£ (1,393)	£ 224	£ 341	£ 2,144	£ 34
Impact of adoption of new standards	(36)	0	0	0	0	(36)	(36)	0
Total comprehensive income for the year	1,508	0	0	0	667	833	1,500	8
Dividends paid	(692)	0	0	0	0	(683)	(683)	(9)
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses	23	0	23	0	0	0	23	0
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(722)	0	0	(722)	0	0	(722)	0
Cancellation of shares	0	(6)	0	713	0	(707)	0	0
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	44	0	0	0	0	44	44	0
Settlement of share awards	0	0	0	39	0	(39)	0	0
Exchange differences on translation of capital and reserves	5	8	232	(108)	(164)	32	0	5
Equity at end of period at Dec. 31, 2016	2,308	226	3,003	(1,471)	727	(215)	2,270	38
Total comprehensive income for the year	1,455	0	0	0	(507)	1,954	1,447	8
Dividends paid	(772)	0	0	0	0	(762)	(762)	(10)
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses	32	0	32	0	0	0	32	0
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(737)	0	0	(737)	0	0	(737)	0
Cancellation of shares	0	(4)	0	570	0	(566)	0	0
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	42	0	0	0	0	42	42	0
Settlement of share awards	0	0	0	37	0	(37)	0	0
Acquisitions	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Disposal of business	(15)	0	0	0	0	0	0	(15)
Exchange differences on translation of capital and reserves	(1)	2	69	(30)	(50)	9	0	(1)
Equity at end of period at Dec. 31, 2017	2,313	224	3,104	(1,631)	170	425	2,292	21
Total comprehensive income for the year	1,526	0	0	0	207	1,313	1,520	6
Dividends paid	(804)	0	0	0	0	(796)	(796)	(8)
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses	21	134	114	0	0	(227)	21	0
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(743)	0	0	(743)	0	0	(743)	0
Cancellation of shares	0	(68)	(1,795)	1,601	0	262	0	0
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	35	0	0	0	0	35	35	0
Settlement of share awards	0	0	0	35	0	(35)	0	0
Acquisitions	11	0	0	0	0	0	0	11
Exchange differences on translation of capital and reserves	0	0	(8)	4	(3)	7	0	0
Equity at end of period at Dec. 31, 2018	£ 2,359	£ 290	£ 1,415	£ (734)	£ 374	£ 984	£ 2,329	£ 30

Basis of preparation and accoun

Basis of preparation and accounting policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of preparation and accounting policies	1 Basis of preparation and accounting policies Basis of preparation The shares of RELX PLC are traded on the London, Amsterdam and New York stock exchanges. RELX PLC and its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are together known as ‘RELX’. Up until the corporate simplification, consolidated accounts were prepared on the basis that all shareholders were regarded as having interests in a single economic entity, and as such the dual parent Group formed a single reporting entity for the presentation of onsolidated financial statements. The corporate simplification as described on page 72 therefore has had no impact on the basis of preparation of the consolidated financial statements. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, subsidiaries are accounted for under the acquisition method and investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method. All intra-group transactions and balances are eliminated. On acquisition of a subsidiary, or interest in an associate or joint venture, fair values, reflecting conditions at the date of acquisition, are attributed to the net assets, including identifiable intangible assets acquired. Adjustments are made to bring accounting policies into line with those of the Group. The results of subsidiaries sold or acquired are included in the consolidated financial statements up to or from the date that control passes from or to the Group. Non-controlling interests in the net assets of the Group are identified separately from shareholders’ equity. Non-controlling interests consist of the amount of those interests at the date of the original acquisition and the non-controlling share of changes in equity since the date of acquisition. The Directors of RELX PLC, having made appropriate enquiries, consider that adequate resources exist for the Group to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and that, therefore, it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018. Accounting policies The Group’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union and as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The accounting policies under IFRS are included in the relevant notes to the consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies below are applied throughout the financial statements and are unchanged from those applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2017 and 2016, with the exception of policies relating to the adoption of IFRS 9 –Financial Instruments, IFRS 15- Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 16-Leases. Restatement The consolidated financial statements have been restated for the retrospective adoption of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 16 Leases. Each note identifies when comparatives have been restated. Foreign exchange translation The consolidated financial statements are presented in sterling. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. At each statement of financial position date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Exchange differences arising are recorded in the income statement other than where hedge accounting applies, as set out on pages 150 155 Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Income and expense items and cash flows of foreign operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Significant individual items of income and expense and cash flows in foreign operations are translated at the rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Exchange differences arising are classified as equity and transferred to the translation reserve. When foreign operations are disposed of, the related cumulative translation differences are recognised within the income statement in the period. The Group uses derivative financial instruments, primarily forward contracts, to hedge its exposure to certain foreign exchange risks. Details of the Group’s accounting policies in respect of derivative financial instruments are set out on page 150 Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty The most significant accounting policies in determining the financial condition and results of the Group, and those requiring the most subjective or complex judgement, relate to and are included in the following notes: ∎ valuation of goodwill and intangible assets – notes 14 and 15; ∎ capitalisation of development spend – note 15; ∎ taxation – note 9; and ∎ accounting for defined benefit pension schemes – note 6. Other significant accounting policies The accounting policy in respect of revenue recognition is also significant in determining the financial condition and results of the Group, although the application of this policy is more straight forward. This policy is included in note 2. Standards and amendments effective for the year New accounting standards and amendments effective for the period and adopted by the Group in 2018 are IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments and IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers. IFRS 16 – Leases has also been adopted in the period, a year earlier than its mandatory effective date of 1 January 2019. The impact of the adoption of these standards on the full year 2017 results is as follows: 2016 as reported £m IFRS 9 impact £m IFRS 15 impact £m IFRS 16 impact £m 2016 as restated £m Income statement Revenue 6,895 – (6 ) – 6,889 Reported operating profit 1,708 – (6 ) 6 1,708 Net finance costs (195 ) (2 ) – (16 ) (213 ) Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,161 (2 ) (4 ) (5 ) 1,150 Reported EPS 56.3p (0.1p) (0.2p) (0.2p) 55.8p Statement of financial position Right of use assets 20 – – 306 326 Borrowings (including lease liability) (4,843 ) 17 – (430 ) (5,256 ) Finance lease receivable – – – 63 63 Deferred income (1,941 ) – (67 ) – (2,008 ) 2017 as reported £m IFRS 9 impact £m IFRS 15 impact £m IFRS 16 impact £m 2017 as restated £m Income statement Revenue 7,355 – (14 ) – 7,341 Adjusted operating profit 2,284 – (11 ) 11 2,284 Reported operating profit 1,905 – (11 ) 11 1,905 Net finance costs (182 ) (2 ) – (15 ) (199 ) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,635 (2 ) (9 ) (4 ) 1,620 Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,659 (2 ) (9 ) – 1,648 Adjusted EPS 81.0p (0.1p) (0.5p) (0.2p) 80.2p Reported EPS 82.2p (0.1p) (0.5p) – 81.6p Statement of financial position Right of use asset 16 – – 271 287 Borrowings (including lease liability) (4,886 ) 14 – (381 ) (5,253 ) Finance lease receivable – – – 57 57 Deferred income (1,834 ) – (76 ) – (1,910 ) IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments IFRS 9 replaces the existing classification and measurement requirements in IAS 39 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. RELX has applied IFRS 9 retrospectively, with the exception of hedge accounting, which has been applied prospectively. The main impact on previously reported numbers results in a reduction to borrowings of £14m as at 31 December 2017 (31 December 2016: reduction of £17m), arising from a retrospective change in the treatment under IFRS 9 of certain debt modifications undertaken in 2012 and 2013. IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers provides a single point of reference for revenue recognition, including guidance in relation to identification of the contract and licensing arrangements. RELX has adopted IFRS 15 on a fully retrospective basis. The main impact of IFRS 15 is a change in the timing of revenue recognition as a result of the guidance on identification and satisfaction of performance obligations under IFRS 15. The impact of IFRS 15 is greater at the half year, but the adoption is not considered overall to have a material impact on the results. The impact on the income statement for the 12 months to 31 December 2017 is a decrease of £11m to both reported and adjusted operating profit (31 December 2016: decrease of £6m to reported operating profit). IFRS 16 – Leases (early adoption and therefore effective for the 2018 financial year) eliminates the distinction between operating and finance leases and requires lessees to recognise all leases with a lease term of greater than 12 months in the statement of financial position. RELX has adopted this standard a year earlier than the mandatory effective date of 1 January 2019. IFRS 16 has been adopted on a fully retrospective basis. The change in accounting standard results in both an asset and liability being brought onto the statement of financial position for the majority of leases where RELX is a lessee. The asset is then depreciated, and interest expense recognised over the life of the lease. The standard also gives guidance on the recognition of subleases, which results in finance sublease receivables being recognised on the balance sheet. As at 31 December 2017, the restated statement of financial position includes additional right-of-use assets of £271m, finance lease receivables of £57m and additional lease liabilities of £381m (31 December 2016: right-of-use assets of £306m, finance lease recieveables of £63m and lease liabilities of £430m). The impact on the income statement for the 12 months to 31 December 2017 is an increase of £11m to both reported and adjusted operating profit (31 December 2016: £6m increase to reported), offset by a net increase to finance costs of £15m (31 December 2016: £16m). After taking into account additional gains from disposals of right-of-use assets, there is no impact on reported net profit. Opening balance sheet adjustment An opening balance sheet adjustment has been made at 1 January 2016 to reflect the impact of adoption on prior years. The adjustment reduces opening retained earnings by £36m. This mainly relates to the recognition of lease expense earlier on in the lease under IFRS 16 and the deferral of revenue into future periods under IFRS 15. Additionally, a number of amendments and interpretations have been issued which are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s accounting policies and reporting. Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective A number of amendments and interpretations have been issued which are not expected to have any significant impact on the accounting policies and reporting.

Segment analysis

Segment analysis	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Abstract]
Segment analysis	2 Segment analysis Accounting policy The Group’s reported segments are based on the internal reporting structure and financial information provided to the Boards. Adjusted operating profit is the key segmental profit measure used by the Group in assessing performance. Adjusted operating profit is reconciled to operating profit on page 131 Revenue arises from the provision of products and services under contracts with customers. In all cases, revenue is recognised to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, and is recognised when the customer obtains control of the good or service. Revenue is stated at the transaction price, which includes allowance for anticipated discounts and returns and excludes customer sales taxes and other amounts to be collected on behalf of third parties. Where the goods or services promised within a contract are distinct, they are identified as separate performance obligations and are accounted for separately. Where separate performance obligations are identified, total revenue is allocated on the basis of relative stand-alone selling prices or management’s best estimate of relative value where stand-alone selling prices do not exist. Management estimates may include a cost-plus method or comparable product approach, but must be supported by objective evidence. A residual approach may be applied where it is not possible to derive a reliable management estimate for a specific component. Revenue is recognised for the various categories as follows: ▪ ▪ ▪ RELX is a global provider of information-based analytics and decision tools for professional and business customers. Operating in four major market segments: Scientific, Technical & Medical provides information and analytics that help institutions and professionals progress science, advance healthcare and improve performance; Risk & Business Analytics provides customers with information-based analytics and decision tools that combine public and industry-specific content with advanced technology and algorithms to assist them in evaluating and predicting risk and enhancing operational efficiency; Legal provides legal, regulatory and business information and analytics that helps customers increase their productivity, improve decision-making and achieve better outcomes; and Exhibitions is a leading global events business. It combines face-to-face through data and digital tools to help customers learn about markets, source products and complete transactions at over 500 events, in 30 countries, attracting more than 7m participants. ANALYSIS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT Revenue Adjusted operating profit 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Scientific, Technical & Medical 2,538 2,473 2,318 942 914 854 Risk & Business Analytics 2,117 2,073 1,905 776 760 685 Legal 1,618 1,686 1,619 320 328 312 Exhibitions 1,219 1,109 1,047 313 287 271 Sub-total 7,492 7,341 6,889 2,351 2,289 2,122 Unallocated items - - - (5 ) (5 ) (8 ) Total 7,492 7,341 6,889 2,346 2,284 2,114 ANALYSIS OF REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m North America 4,013 3,998 3,697 Europe 2,790 2,644 2,568 Rest of world 689 699 624 Total 7,492 7,341 6,889 Revenue by geographical origin from the United Kingdom in 2018 was £1,144m (2017: £1,085m; 2016: £1,048m). 2018 Scientific, Technical and Medical Risk & Business Analytics Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,118 1,669 1,083 221 4,091 Europe 611 322 340 535 1,808 Rest of World 809 126 195 463 1,593 Total revenue 2,538 2,117 1,618 1,219 7,492 Revenue by format Electronic 2,094 2,030 1,338 51 5,513 Face-to-face 7 36 10 1,168 1,221 Print 437 51 270 – 758 Total revenue 2,538 2,117 1,618 1,219 7,492 Revenue by type Subscriptions 1,877 765 1,247 – 3,889 Transactional 615 1,322 365 1,219 3,521 Advertising 46 30 6 – 82 Total revenue 2,538 2,117 1,618 1,219 7,492 Revenue by geographical market from the United Kingdom in 2018 was £527m (2017: £521m; 2016: £502m). 2017 Scientific, Technical and Medical Risk & Business Analytics Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,045 1,658 1,145 230 4,078 Europe 617 308 340 429 1,694 Rest of World 811 107 201 450 1,569 Total revenue 2,473 2,073 1,686 1,109 7,341 Revenue by format Electronic 1,995 1,967 1,384 42 5,388 Face-to-face 10 38 7 1,067 1,122 Print 468 68 295 - 831 Total revenue 2,473 2,073 1,686 1,109 7,341 Revenue by type Subscriptions 1,776 732 1,291 1 3,800 Transactional 646 1,301 389 1,108 3,444 Advertising 51 40 6 – 97 Total revenue 2,473 2,073 1,686 1,109 7,341 2016 Scientific, Technical and Medical Risk & Business Analytics Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 960 1,499 1,106 210 3,775 Europe 605 322 330 454 1,711 Rest of World 753 84 183 383 1,403 Total revenue 2,318 1,905 1,619 1,047 6,889 Revenue by format Electronic 1,834 1,758 1,321 35 4,948 Face-to-face 10 37 7 1,012 1,066 Print 474 110 291 - 875 Total revenue 2,318 1,905 1,619 1,047 6,889 Revenue by type Subscriptions 1,628 684 1,299 1 3,612 Transactional 631 1,172 314 1,046 3,163 Advertising 59 49 6 – 114 Total revenue 2,318 1,905 1,619 1,047 6,889 Around half of RELX’s revenue comes from subscription arrangements, and revenue for these is generally recognised on a straight line basis over the time period covered by the agreement, in line with the provision of services. There are a number of multi-year contracts, mainly in Risk & Business Analytics, where revenue is recognised on the achievement of delivery milestones or other specified performance obligations. As at 31 December 2018, performance obligations which have not yet been delivered was approximately £210m. relation to this amount over the next 10 years ANALYSIS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT Expenditure on acquired goodwill and Capital expenditure Amortisation of acquired Depreciation and other intangible assets additions intangible assets amortisation 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Scientific, Technical & Medical 106 94 19 100 95 85 56 77 88 109 100 100 Risk & Business Analytics 852 - 288 92 83 67 161 141 147 76 64 56 Legal 30 6 83 145 153 154 33 52 73 147 142 135 Exhibitions 61 33 21 28 24 26 36 44 38 35 37 34 Total 1,049 133 411 365 355 332 288 314 346 364 343 325 Capital expenditure comprises additions to property, plant and equipment and internally developed intangible assets. Amortisation of acquired intangible assets includes amounts in respect of joint ventures of nil nil 3 1 1 1 ANALYSIS OF NON-CURRENT ASSETS BY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m North America 8,692 7,408 8,307 Europe 1,996 2,016 1,987 Rest of world 461 459 489 Total 11,149 9,883 10,783 Non-current assets held in the United Kingdom totalled £988m (2017: £1,026m; 2016: £961m). Non-current assets by geographical location exclude amounts relating to deferred tax, pension assets and derivative financial instruments. Operating profit is reconciled to adjusted operating profit as follows: RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING PROFIT TO ADJUSTED OPERATING PROFIT 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Operating profit 1,964 1,905 1,708 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 288 314 346 Acquisition-related costs 84 56 51 Reclassification of tax in joint ventures 11 10 10 Reclassification of finance income in joint ventures (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Adjusted operating profit 2,346 2,284 2,114 The share of post-tax results of joint ventures of £32m (2017: £37m; 2016:£37m) included in operating profit comprised £nilm (2017: £5m; 2016: £10m) relating to Legal, £31m (2017: £32m; 2016: £27m) relating to Exhibitions and £1m (2017: nil; 2016: nil) relating to Risk & Business Analytics.

Operating profit

Operating profit	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating Profit [Abstract]
Operating profit	3 Operating profit Accounting policy Share based remuneration The fair value of share based remuneration is determined at the date of grant and recognised as an expense in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, taking account of the estimated number of shares that are expected to vest. Market based performance criteria are taken into account when determining the fair value at the date of grant. Non-market based performance criteria are taken into account when estimating the number of shares expected to vest. The fair value of share based remuneration is determined by use of a binomial or Monte Carlo simulation model as appropriate. All of the Group’s share based remuneration is equity settled. Operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting) the following: Note 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Staff costs Wages and salaries 1,959 1,926 1,767 Social security costs 215 213 198 Pensions 6 135 95 111 Share based remuneration 41 39 38 Total staff costs 2,350 2,273 2,114 Depreciation and amortisation Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 15 287 313 342 Share of joint ventures’ amortisation of acquired intangible assets 1 1 4 Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets 15 225 203 189 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 17 62 65 62 Depreciation of right of use asset 77 75 74 Total depreciation and amortisation 652 657 671 Other expenses and income Cost of sales including pre-publication costs and inventory expenses 2,638 2,628 2,488 Operating lease rentals expense 18 28 35 Operating lease rentals income (3 ) (3 ) (6 ) The amortisation of acquired intangible assets is included within administration and other expenses. The Group provides a number of share based remuneration schemes to Directors and employees. The principal share based remuneration schemes are the Executive Share Option Schemes (ESOS), the Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP), the Retention Share Plan (RSP) and the Bonus Investment Plan (BIP). Share options granted under ESOS are exercisable after three years and up to ten years from the date of grant at a price equivalent to the market value of the respective shares at the date of grant. Conditional shares granted under LTIP, RSP and BIP are exercisable after three years for nil consideration if conditions are met. Other awards principally relate to all employee share based saving schemes in the UK and the Netherlands. Further details are provided in the remuneration report on pages 84 95

Auditor_s remuneration

Auditor’s remuneration	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Auditors Remuneration [Abstract]
Auditor’s remuneration	4 Auditor’s remuneration 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Auditors’ remuneration Payable to the auditors of RELX PLC 0.9 0.9 0.9 Payable to the auditors of the Group’s subsidiaries 5.9 5.9 5.3 Audit services 6.8 6.8 6.2 Audit-related assurance services 0.9 0.8 0.6 Total audit and audit related assurance services 7.7 7.6 6.8 Tax services 0 – 0.4 Other services: Consulting 0 – 0.1 Other services: Due diligence and other transaction-related services 2.7 0.3 0.4 Total non-audit related services 2.7 0.3 0.9 Total auditors’ remuneration 10.4 7.9 7.7 Amounts payable to the auditors of the Group’s subsidiaries include amounts for the audit of internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Included in audit related assurance services for 2018 are £0.1m in fees for services relating to RELX pension plans (2017: £0.1m). The amounts payable in 2017 and 2016 to the auditors of RELX PLC also reflect amounts payable to the auditors of RELX NV. The previously reported 2017 fees paid to EY for audit services have been revised to include additional amounts for expenses incurred and final fees for statutory audits which took place subsequent to the audit of the RELX consolidated accounts.

Personnel

Personnel	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Employees [Abstract]
Personnel	5 Personnel NUMBER OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED: FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS At 31 December Average during the year 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 Business segment Scientific, Technical & Medical 7,900 7,500 7,500 7,700 7,500 7,300 Risk & Business Analytics 8,700 8,100 8,200 8,600 8,200 7,900 Legal 10,500 10,600 10,700 10,600 10,700 10,600 Exhibitions 4,200 4,000 4,000 4,100 4,000 3,900 Sub-total 31,300 30,200 30,400 31,000 30,400 29,700 Corporate/shared functions 800 800 800 800 800 900 Total 32,100 31,000 31,200 31,800 31,200 30,600 Geographical location North America 13,800 13,500 13,700 13,700 13,600 13,500 United Kingdom 5,200 5,000 4,900 5,100 5,000 4,800 The Netherlands 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,300 1,400 1,500 Rest of Europe 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 Rest of world 9,100 8,400 8,400 8,900 8,400 8,000 Total 32,100 31,000 31,200 31,800 31,200 30,600

Pension schemes

Pension schemes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Defined Benefit Plans [Abstract]
Pension schemes	6 Pension schemes Accounting policy The expense of defined benefit pension schemes and other post-retirement employee benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method and charged in the income statement as an operating expense, based on actuarial assumptions reflecting market conditions at the beginning of the financial year. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the statement of comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Past service costs and credits are recognised immediately at the earlier of when plan amendments or curtailments occur and when related restructuring costs or termination benefits are recognised. Settlements are recognised when they occur. Net pension obligations in respect of defined benefit schemes are included in the statement of financial position at the present value of scheme liabilities, less the fair value of scheme assets. Where schemes are in surplus, i.e. assets exceed liabilities, the net pension assets are separately included in the statement of financial position. Any net pension asset is limited to the extent that the asset is recoverable. The expense of defined contribution pension schemes and other employee benefits is charged in the income statement as incurred. Critical judgement and key source of estimation uncertainty At 31 December 2018, the Group operates defined benefit pension schemes in the UK and the US. These schemes require management to exercise judgement in estimating the ultimate cost of providing post-employment benefits, especially given the length of each scheme’s liabilities. Accounting for defined benefit pension schemes involves judgement about uncertain events, including the life expectancy of the members, salary and pension increases, inflation, the future operation of each scheme and the rate at which the future pension payments are discounted. Estimates for these factors are used in determining the pension cost and liabilities reported in the financial statements. The estimates made around future developments of each of the critical assumptions are made in conjunction with independent actuaries, and each scheme is subject to a periodic review by independent actuaries. Information regarding some of the assumptions used for valuation is provided below, together with a sensitivity analysis. A number of pension schemes are operated around the world. The largest defined benefit schemes as at 31 December 2018 are in the UK and the US. Major defined benefit schemes in place at 31 December 2018 The UK scheme is a final salary scheme and is closed to new hires. Members accrue a portion of their final pensionable earnings based on the number of years of service. The US scheme is a cash balance scheme and is closed to new hires. Members earn pay credits dependent on age and years of service up to certain limits which are added to an account balance that accrues interest at specified minimum rates. The US scheme was closed to future accruals effective 1 January 2019. Each of the major defined benefit schemes is administered by a separate fund that is legally separated from the Group. The trustees of the pension funds in the UK and plan fiduciaries of the US scheme are required by law to act in the interest of the funds’ beneficiaries. In the UK, the trustees of the pension fund are responsible for the investment policy with regard to the assets of the fund. The board of trustees consists of an equal number of company-appointed and member-nominated Directors. In the US, the fiduciary duties for the scheme are allocated between committees which are staffed by senior employees of the Group; the investment committee has the primary responsibility for the investment and management of plan assets. The funding of the Group’s major schemes reflects the different rules within each jurisdiction. In the UK, the level of funding is determined by statutory triennial actuarial valuations in accordance with pensions legislation. Where the scheme falls below 100% funded status, the Group and the scheme trustees must agree on how the deficit is to be remedied. The UK Pensions Regulator has significant powers and sets out in codes and guidance the parameters for scheme funding. The US scheme has an annual statutory valuation which forms the basis for establishing the employer contribution each year (subject to ERISA and IRS minimums). Should the statutory funded status fall to below 100%, the US Pension Protection Act requires the deficit to be rectified with additional contributions over a seven-year period. The Group and the scheme trustees have completed the 2018 triennial valuation under which the Group has committed to providing £176m of deficit funding contributions to the scheme over the period 2019 to 2022.Employer cash contributions to defined benefit pension schemes, in respect of 2019 are expected to be approximately £62m including a pension deficit funding contribution of £44m relating to the UK scheme recovery plan. In addition to the contributions set out above, the Group has committed to providing a further £132m of deficit funding contributions to the UK scheme over the period from 2020 to 2023. The 2018 triennial valuation has been completed. The pension expense in total, including amounts in relation to the UK and US defined benefit schemes, and defined contribution schemes, recognised within the income statement consists of: 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Defined benefit pension expense (net of settlement and past service credits in 2018) 47 4 36 Defined contribution pension expense 95 91 75 Total 142 95 111 £135m (2017: £95m; 2016: £111m) of the total pension cost is recognised within operating profit. In 2018 a past service cost was recognised to account for the impact of GMP equalisation in the UK. In 2017 settlement and past service credits primarily relate to changes to the UK scheme. The amounts recognised in the income statement in respect of defined benefit pension schemes during the year are presented by major scheme as follows: 2018 2017 2016 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Service cost 27 9 36 33 14 47 27 14 41 Settlement and past service credits 11 – 11 (42 ) (1 ) (43 ) – (5 ) (5 ) Defined benefit pension expense 38 9 47 (9 ) 13 4 27 9 36 Net interest on net defined benefit obligation 6 3 9 10 5 15 9 5 14 Net defined benefit pension expense 44 12 56 1 18 19 36 14 50 The 2017 settlement and past service cost credits primarily relate to changes to the UK scheme. The significant valuation assumptions, determined for each major scheme in conjunction with the respective independent actuaries, are presented below. The net defined benefit pension expense for each year is based on the assumptions and scheme valuations set at 31 December of the prior year. AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2018 2017 2016 UK US UK US UK US Discount rate 2.85 % 4.20 % 2.60 % 3.55 % 2.65 % 4.00 % Inflation 3.15 % 2.50 % 3.15 % 2.50 % 3.25 % 2.50 % Discount rates are set by reference to high-quality corporate bond yields. Mortality assumptions make allowance for future improvements in longevity and have been determined by reference to applicable mortality statistics. The average life expectancy assumptions are set out below: AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2018 Male average life expectancy Female average life expectancy UK US UK US Member currently aged 60 years 85 86 88 88 Member currently aged 45 years 87 87 90 89 The amount recognised in the statement of financial position in respect of defined benefit pension schemes at the start and end of the year and the movements during the year were as follows: 2018 2017 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Defined benefit obligation At start of year (3,854 ) (1,075 ) (4,929 ) (3,883 ) (1,120 ) (5,003 ) Service cost (27 ) (9 ) (36 ) (33 ) (14 ) (47 ) Past service credits (11 ) – (11 ) 42 1 43 Interest on pension scheme liabilities (98 ) (38 ) (136 ) (101 ) (42 ) (143 ) Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions 91 85 176 45 (61 ) (16 ) Actuarial gain/(loss) arising from experience assumptions 4 2 6 (39 ) 1 (38 ) Contributions by employees (8 ) – (8 ) (8 ) – (8 ) Benefits paid 131 56 187 123 60 183 Exchange translation differences – (61 ) (61 ) – 100 100 At end of year (3,772 ) (1,040 ) (4,812 ) (3,854 ) (1,075 ) (4,929 ) Fair value of scheme assets At start of year 3,589 1,012 4,601 3,390 977 4,367 Interest income on plan assets 92 35 127 91 37 128 Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income (184 ) (89 ) (273 ) 181 106 287 Contributions by employer 39 7 46 42 43 85 Contributions by employees 8 – 8 8 – 8 Benefits paid (131 ) (56 ) (187 ) (123 ) (60 ) (183 ) Exchange translation differences – 57 57 – (91 ) (91 ) At end of year 3,413 966 4,379 3,589 1,012 4,601 Opening net deficit (265 ) (63 ) (328 ) (493 ) (143 ) (636 ) Service cost (27 ) (9 ) (36 ) (33 ) (14 ) (47 ) Net interest on net defined benefit obligation (6 ) (3 ) (9 ) (10 ) (5 ) (15 ) Settlement and past service credits (11 ) – (11 ) 42 1 43 Contributions by employer 39 7 46 42 43 85 Actuarial (losses)/gains (89 ) (2 ) (91 ) 187 46 233 Exchange translation differences – (4 ) (4 ) – 9 9 Overall net pension obligation (359 ) (74 ) (433 ) (265 ) (63 ) (328 ) As at 31 December 2018, the defined benefit obligations comprised £ 4,582 230 The weighted average duration of defined benefit scheme liabilities is 19 12 86 A net pension asset has been recognised in relation to the US funded scheme after considering the guidance in IAS 19 Employee Benefits and IFRIC 14. The split between net pension obligations and net pension assets is as follows: 2018 £m 2017 £m Net pension asset 6 22 Net pension obligation (439 ) (350 ) Overall net pension obligation (433 ) (328 ) Amounts recognised in the statement of comprehensive income are set out below: 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Gains and losses arising during the year: Experience gains/(losses) on scheme liabilities 6 (38 ) 25 Experience (losses)/gains on scheme assets (273 ) 287 548 Actuarial (losses)/gains on the present value of scheme liabilities due to changes in: – discount rates 242 (102 ) (873 ) – inflation - 69 (96 ) – other actuarial assumptions (66 ) 17 134 (91 ) 233 (262 ) Net cumulative losses at start of year (613 ) (846 ) (584 ) Net cumulative losses at end of year (704 ) (613 ) (846 ) The major categories and fair values of scheme assets at the end of the reporting period are as follows: FAIR VALUE OF SCHEME ASSETS 2018 2017 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Equities 1,128 115 1,243 1,252 143 1,395 Government bonds 1,224 224 1,448 1,395 221 1,616 Corporate bonds – 607 607 – 622 622 Property funds and ground leases 723 – 723 620 – 620 Structured debt and direct lending 290 – 290 253 – 253 Cash and cash equivalents 26 4 30 46 18 64 Other 22 16 38 23 8 31 Total 3,413 966 4,379 3,589 1,012 4,601 Assets and obligations associated with the schemes are sensitive to changes in the market values of assets and the market-related assumptions used to value scheme liabilities. In particular, adverse changes to asset values, discount rates or inflation could increase future pension costs and funding requirements. Typically, the Group’s schemes are exposed to: investment risks, whereby actual rates of return on plan assets may be below those rates used to determine the defined benefit obligations, and interest rate risks, whereby scheme deficits may increase if bond yields in the UK and the US decline and are not offset by returns in government and corporate bond portfolios. The schemes are also exposed to other risks, such as unanticipated future increases in member longevity patterns and inflation, all potentially leading to an increase in scheme liabilities. Investment policies of each scheme are intended to ensure continuous payment of defined benefit pensions in the short-term and long-term. Efforts are made to limit risks on marketable securities by adopting investment policies that diversify assets across geographies and among equities, government and corporate bonds, property funds and cash. Asset allocations are dependent on a variety of factors including the duration of scheme liabilities and the funded position of the plan. All equities, government and corporate bonds have quoted prices in active markets. Sensitivity analysis The valuation of the Group’s pension scheme liabilities involves significant actuarial assumptions, being the life expectancy of the members, inflation and the rate at which the future pension payments are discounted. Differences arising from actual experience or future changes in assumptions may materially affect future pension charges. In particular, changes in assumptions for discount rates, inflation and life expectancies that are reasonably possible would have the following approximate effects on the defined benefit pension obligations: £m Increase/decrease of 0.25% in discount rate: 207 Increase/decrease of 0.25% in the expected inflation rate: 94 Increase/decrease of one year in assumed life expectancy: 177 The above analysis has been calculated on the same basis used to determine the defined benefit obligation recognised in the statement of financial position. There has been no change in the methods used to prepare the analysis compared with prior years. This sensitivity analysis may not be representative of the actual change in the defined benefit obligation as it is unlikely that changes in the above assumptions would occur in isolation of one another as some of the assumptions may be correlated.

Net finance costs

Net finance costs	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Net Finance Costs [Abstract]
Net finance costs	7 Net finance costs Accounting policy Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that takes a substantial period of time to bring to use are capitalised. All other interest on borrowings is expensed as incurred. The cost of issuing borrowings is generally expensed over the period of borrowing so as to produce a constant periodic rate of charge. 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Interest on short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper (22 ) (10 ) (15 ) Interest on term debt (161 ) (154 ) (161 ) Interest on lease liabilities (14 ) (17 ) (18 ) Total borrowing costs (197 ) (181 ) (194 ) Losses on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges (10 ) (9 ) (15 ) Fair value losses on designated fair value hedge relationships (1 ) – – Net financing charge on defined benefit pension schemes (9 ) (15 ) (14 ) Finance costs (217 ) (205 ) (223 ) Interest on bank deposits 4 3 6 Interest income on net finance lease receivables 2 2 2 Fair value gains on designated fair value hedge relationships – 1 – Gains on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges – – 2 Finance income 6 6 10 Net finance costs (211 ) (199 ) (213 ) Losses of £ 8 63 26 3 65 27 78 18 78 18

Disposals and other non-operati

Disposals and other non-operating items	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Disposals And Nonoperating Items [Abstract]
Disposals and other non-operating items	8 Disposals and other non-operating items Accounting policy Assets of businesses that are available for immediate sale in their current condition and for which a sales process is considered highly probable to complete are classified as assets held for sale and are carried at the lower of carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. Fair value is based on anticipated disposal proceeds, typically derived from firm or indicative offers from potential acquirers. Non-current assets are not amortised or depreciated following their classification as held for sale. Liabilities of businesses held for sale are also separately classified on the statement of financial position. Fair value movements in the venture capital portfolio are reported within disposals and other items – see note 16. 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Revaluation of investments (11 ) 5 (13 ) (Loss)/Gain on disposal of businesses and assets held for sale (22 ) 10 (23 ) Net (loss)/gain on disposals and other non-operating items (33 ) 15 (36 )

Taxation

Taxation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Major Components Of Tax Expense Income [Abstract]
Taxation	9 Taxation Accounting policy Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax are charged or credited in the income statement except to the extent that the tax arises from a transaction or event which is recognised, in the same or a different period, outside the income statement (either in other comprehensive income, directly in equity, or through a business combination), in which case the tax appears in the same statement as the transaction that gave rise to it. Current tax is the amount of corporate income taxes expected to be payable or recoverable based on the profit for the period as adjusted for items that are not taxable or not deductible, and is calculated using tax rates and laws that were enacted or substantively enacted at the date of the statement of financial position. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. Provisions are established where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Current tax includes amounts provided in respect of uncertain tax positions when management expects that, upon examination of the uncertainty by a tax authority in possession of all relevant knowledge, it is more likely than not that an economic outflow will occur. Changes in facts and circumstances underlying these provisions are reassessed at the date of each statement of financial position, and the provisions are remeasured as required to reflect current information. Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the statement of financial position. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and which are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences but not recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures where the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax liabilities are not recognised on temporary differences that arise from goodwill which is not deductible for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised, and are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised in respect of temporary differences that arise on initial recognition of assets and liabilities acquired other than in a business combination. Deferred tax is not discounted. Critical judgement and key source of estimation uncertainty The Group is subject to tax in numerous jurisdictions, giving rise to complex tax issues that require management to exercise judgement in making tax determinations. As a multinational enterprise, our tax returns in the countries in which we operate are subject to tax authority audits as a matter of routine. While the Group is confident that tax returns are appropriately prepared and filed, amounts are provided in respect of uncertain tax positions that reflect the risk with respect to tax matters under active discussion with tax authorities, or which are otherwise considered to involve uncertainty. Provisions against uncertain tax positions are measured using one of the following methods, depending on which of the methods management expects will better predict the amount it will pay over to the tax authority: ◾ The Single Best Estimate – where there is a single outcome that is more likely than not to occur. This will happen, for example, where the tax outcome is binary (such as whether an entity can deduct an item of expenditure) or the range of possible outcomes is narrow or concentrated on a single value. The most likely outcome may be that no tax is expected to be payable, in which case the provision is nil; or ◾ A Probability-Weighted Expected Value – where, on the balance of probabilities, something will be paid to the tax authority but the possible outcomes are widely dispersed with low individual probabilities (i.e. there is no single outcome more likely than not to occur). In this case, the provision is the sum of the probability-weighted amounts in the range. In assessing provisions against uncertain tax positions, management uses in-house tax experts, professional firms and previous experience to inform the evaluation of risk. However, it remains possible that uncertainties will ultimately be resolved at amounts greater or smaller than the liabilities recorded. In particular, although we report cross-border transactions undertaken between Group subsidiaries on an arm’s-length basis in tax returns in accordance with OECD guidelines, transfer pricing relies on the exercise of judgement and it is frequently possible for there to be a range of legitimate and reasonable views. This means that it is impossible to be certain that the returns basis will be sustained on examination. Discussions with tax authorities relating to cross-border transactions and other matters are ongoing in each of our major trading jurisdictions. Although the timing and amount of final resolution of these uncertain tax positions cannot be reliably predicted, no significant impact on the profitability of the Group is expected in the near term. Estimation of income taxes also includes assessments of the recoverability of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that they are considered recoverable based on existing tax laws and forecasts of future taxable profits against which the underlying tax deductions can be utilised. The recoverability of these assets is reassessed at the end of each reporting period, and changes in recognition of deferred tax assets will affect the tax liability in the period of that reassessment. 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Current tax United Kingdom (71 ) (104 ) (80 ) The Netherlands (72 ) (77 ) (51 ) Rest of world (154 ) (258 ) (243 ) Total current tax charge (297 ) (439 ) (374 ) Deferred tax 5 374 73 Tax expense (292 ) (65 ) (301 ) Cash tax paid in the year was £ 415 There are a number of reasons why the cash tax payments in a particular year will be different from the tax expense in the accounts: Deferred tax: Tax expense includes deferred tax, which is an accounting adjustment arising from temporary differences; Temporary differences occur when an item has to be included in the income statement in one year but is taxed in another year; and For the purposes of acquisition accounting only, the Group recognises deferred tax liabilities arising on intangible assets. Any unwind of these deferred tax liabilities from the amortisation of intangible assets does not result in cash tax payments. Timing differences: Tax payments relating to a particular year’s profits are typically due partly in the year and partly in the following year. Prior period adjustments: Current tax expense is the best estimate at the end of the period of cash tax expected to be paid; and To the extent the final liability is higher or lower than that estimate, any cash tax impact will occur in a later period. Items recorded in equity and other comprehensive income: Some of the benefits of tax deductions related to share based payments, pensions and hedging are credited to equity or other comprehensive income rather than to tax expense, and so the cash tax liability will be different to the current tax expense in the income statement in years when those deductions are available. Set out below is a reconciliation of the difference between tax expense for the period and the theoretical expense calculated by multiplying accounting profit by the applicable tax rate. We believe the most meaningful applicable rate is that obtained by multiplying the accounting profits and losses of all consolidated entities by the applicable domestic rate in each of those entities’ jurisdictions. The net tax expense charged on profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average of tax rates applicable to accounting profits and losses of the consolidated entities, as follows: 2018 Restated 2017 Restated 2016 £m % £m % £m % Profit before tax 1,720 1,721 1,459 Tax at average applicable rates (342 ) 19.9 % (389 ) 22.6 % (326 ) 22.4 % Tax effect of share of results of joint ventures 8 (0.5 )% 7 (0.4 )% 7 (0.5 )% Expenses not deductible for tax purposes (24 ) 1.4 % (15 ) 0.9 % (19 ) 1.3 % US state taxes (19 ) 1.1 % (18 ) 1.0 % (13 ) 0.9 % Non-deductible costs of share based remuneration (1 ) 0.1 % (1 ) 0.1 % (1 ) 0.1 % Non-deductible disposal-related gains and losses – 0.0 % (36 ) 2.1 % (8 ) 0.5 % Deferred tax assets of the period not recognised (24 ) 1.4 % (10 ) 0.6 % (2 ) 0.1 % Change in recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities (15 ) 0.9 % 16 (0.9 )% 33 (2.3 )% Other adjustments in respect of prior periods 13 (0.8 )% 35 (2.1 )% 28 (1.9 )% Exceptional tax credit 112 (6.5 )% 346 (20.1 )% – 0.0 % Tax expense (292 ) 17.0 % (65 ) 3.8 % (301 ) 20.6 % The weighted average applicable tax rate for the year was 19.9 In the UK, a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 19% to 17% from April 2020 was enacted in September 2016. In the US, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act which included a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% from January 2018 was enacted in December 2017. In the Netherlands, a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 25% to 22.55% from 2020 and to 20.5% from 2021 was substantively enacted in December 2018. In total, the deferred tax effect of changes in tax rates for the year was a tax credit of £8m (2017: £346m, 2016: £1m). The effective tax rate of 17% (2017:3.8%, 2016:20.6%) is lower than the weighted average applicable tax rate mainly because of an exceptional tax credit arising from the substantial resolution of certain prior year tax matters and the deferred tax effect of tax rate reductions in the Netherlands and the US. In 2017, the exceptional tax credit related to a one-off non-cash credit from a deferred tax adjustment arising from the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. On the basis of their size and non-recurring nature, the exceptional tax credits have been excluded from adjusted earnings. The following tax has been recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity during the year: 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Tax on items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss Tax on actuarial movements on defined benefit pension schemes 15 (59 ) 45 Tax on items that may be reclassified to profit or loss Tax on fair value movements on cash flow hedges 9 (30 ) 19 Net tax (debit)/credit recognised in other comprehensive income 24 (89 ) 64 Tax credit on share based remuneration recognised directly in equity (3 ) 8 10 The measurement of the US deferred tax assets and liabilities has also resulted in a charge of £ 1 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Deferred tax assets 455 431 Deferred tax liabilities (830 ) (738 ) Total (375 ) (307 ) Movements in deferred tax liabilities and assets (before taking into consideration the offsetting of balances within the same jurisdiction) are summarised as follows: Deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets Excess of tax allowances over amortisation £m Acquired intangible assets £m Other temporary differences £m Excess of amortisation over tax allowances £m Tax losses carried forward £m Pension balances £m Other temporary differences £m Total £m Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 1 January 2017 (restated) (393 ) (767 ) (338 ) 263 70 145 352 (668 ) Credit/(charge) to profit 97 298 2 (15 ) 22 – (30 ) 374 (Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income – – 7 – – (76 ) (20 ) (89 ) Acquisitions – (2 ) – – – – – (2 ) Exchange translation differences 29 45 27 9 (5 ) (3 ) (24 ) 78 Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 1 January 2018 (restated) (267 ) (426 ) (302 ) 257 87 66 278 (307 ) Credit/(charge) to profit 75 13 13 (51 ) (32 ) 3 (16 ) 5 (Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income – – – – – 15 (3 ) 12 Acquisitions – (88 ) – – 37 – – (51 ) Exchange translation differences (12 ) (26 ) (17 ) 1 4 2 14 (34 ) Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 31 December 2018 (204 ) (527 ) (306 ) 207 96 86 273 (375 ) Other deferred tax liabilities include temporary differences in respect of property, plant and equipment, capitalised development spend and financial instruments. Other deferred tax assets include temporary differences in respect of share based remuneration provisions and financial instruments. As a result of exemptions on dividends from subsidiaries and capital gains on disposal there are no significant taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches, associates and interests in joint arrangements. Deferred tax assets in respect of tax losses and other deductible temporary differences have only been recognised to the extent that it is more likely than not that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow the asset to be recovered. Accordingly, no deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of unused trading losses and interest expenses of approximately £ 213 52 93 121 Deferred tax assets of approximately £ 4 24

Earnings per share

Earnings per share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings per share	10 Earnings per share Accounting policy Earnings per share is calculated by taking the reported net profit attributable to shareholders and dividing this by the total weighted average number of shares. Adjusted earnings per share is calculated by dividing adjusted net profit attributable to shareholders by the total weighted average number of shares. EARNINGS PER SHARE – FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018 Restated 2017 Restated 2016 Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) EPS (pence) Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) EPS (pence) Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) EPS (pence) Basic earnings per share 1,422 1,977.2 71.9p 1,648 2,019.4 81.6p 1,150 2,062.3 55.8p Diluted earnings per share 1,422 1,990.8 71.4p 1,648 2,035.2 81.0p 1,150 2,079.8 55.3p The diluted figures are calculated after taking account of potential additional ordinary shares arising from share options and conditional shares. Since 2016, earnings per share has been calculated by taking the total Group net profit attributable to shareholders, and dividing this by the total weighted average number of shares in issue. As the corporate simplification was done on the basis of a 1:1 share exchange, this has not impacted the calculation of earnings per share in 2018, or the comparatives presented. The diluted figures are calculated after taking account of potential additional ordinary shares arising from share options and conditional shares. ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE 2018 Restated 2017 Restated 2016 Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) Adjusted EPS (pence) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) Adjusted EPS (pence) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) Adjusted EPS (pence) Adjusted earnings per share 1,674 1,977.2 84.7p 1,620 2,019.4 80.2p 1,473 2,062.3 71.4p RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO RELX PLC SHAREHOLDERS 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,422 1,648 1,150 Adjustments (post-tax): Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 322 356 364 Acquisition-related costs 71 43 38 Net financing charge on defined benefit pension schemes 7 11 10 Disposals and other non-operating items 19 1 2 Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets* (55 ) (93 ) (91 ) Exceptional tax credit (112 ) (346 ) - Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,674 1,620 1,473 * Movements on deferred tax liabilities arising on acquired intangible assets that do not qualify for tax amortisation.

Statement of cash flows

Statement of cash flows	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Abstract]
Statement of cash flows	11 Statement of cash flows Accounting policy Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances, call deposits and other short-term highly liquid investments and are held in the statement of financial position at fair value. RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAX TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Profit before tax 1,720 1,721 1,459 Disposals and other non-operating items 33 (15 ) 36 Net finance costs 211 199 213 Operating profit 1,964 1,905 1,708 Share of results of joint ventures (32 ) (37 ) (37 ) Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 287 313 342 Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets 225 203 189 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 62 65 62 Depreciation of right of use asset 77 75 74 Share based remuneration 41 39 38 Total non-cash items 692 695 705 Decrease/(increase) in inventories and pre-publication costs (7 ) 2 (24 ) Decrease/(increase) in receivables (89 ) 37 (145 ) (Decrease)/increase in payables 27 (76 ) 104 Increase in working capital (69 ) (37 ) (65 ) Cash generated from operations 2,555 2,526 2,311 CASH FLOW ON ACQUISITIONS Note 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Purchase of businesses 12 (919 ) (117 ) (336 ) Investment in joint ventures - (1 ) (1 ) Deferred payments relating to prior year acquisitions (16 ) (13 ) (24 ) Total (935 ) (131 ) (361 ) RECONCILIATION OF NET BORROWINGS Cash and cash equivalents £m Borrowings £m Related derivative financial instruments £m Finance lease receivable £m 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m At start of year 111 (5,253 ) 43 57 (5,042 ) (5,050 ) (4,095 ) (Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 1 – – – 1 (45 ) 9 Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper – (147 ) – – (147 ) 148 (271 ) Issuance of term debt – (958 ) – – (958 ) (873 ) (603 ) Repayment of term debt – 211 – – 211 712 474 Repayment of finance leases – 95 – (14 ) 81 78 74 Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows 1 (799 ) – (14 ) (812 ) 20 (317 ) Borrowings in acquired businesses – (12 ) – – (12 ) - - Remeasurement and derecognition of leases – (12 ) – – (12 ) (6 ) (14 ) Inception of leases – (31 ) – 3 (28 ) (36 ) (49 ) Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives – (7 ) (18 ) – (25 ) (11 ) (24 ) Exchange translation differences 2 (251 ) – 3 (246 ) 41 (551 ) At end of year 114 (6,365 ) 25 49 (6,177 ) (5,042 ) (5,050 ) Net borrowings comprise cash and cash equivalents, loan capital, lease liabilities and receivables, promissory notes, bank and other loans, derivative financial instruments that are used to hedge certain borrowings and adjustments in respect of cash collateral received/paid. The Group monitors net borrowings as part of capital and liquidity management.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Business Combinations [Abstract]
Acquisitions	12 Acquisitions During the year, a number of acquisitions were made. The net assets of the businesses acquired are incorporated at their fair value to the Group. Provisional fair values of the consideration given and of the assets and liabilities acquired are summarised below: Fair value 2018 £m Fair value 2017 £m Fair value 2016 £m Goodwill 626 77 222 Intangible assets 423 56 189 Property, plant and equipment 5 – 1 Current assets 24 3 12 Non current assets 12 – – Current liabilities (72 ) (16 ) (20 ) Borrowings (12 ) – – Deferred tax (51 ) (2 ) (35 ) Net assets acquired 955 118 369 Consideration (after taking account of £27m (2017: £7m; 2016: £10m) net cash acquired) 955 118 369 Less: consideration deferred to future years (36 ) (1 ) (15 ) Less: acquisition date fair value of equity interest – – (18 ) Net cash flow 919 117 336 On 21 February 2018 RELX acquired 100% of the share capital of ThreatMetrix. ThreatMetrix’s technology analyses connections among devices, locations, anonymised identity information and threat intelligence, and combines this data with behavioural analytics to identify high-risk digital behaviour and transactions in real time. The total consideration for this acquisition, net of cash acquired, was £585m, which represents the fair value of the consideration translated at the acquisition date foreign exchange rate. The main assets and liabilities recognised on acquisition were £373m relating to goodwill, £279m relating to intangible assets, £41m relating to trade and other payables and £34m of net deferred tax liability. These balances are included in the table above. Goodwill, being the excess of the consideration over the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, represents benefits which do not qualify for recognition as intangible assets, including: the ability of a business to generate higher returns than individual assets; skilled workforces; and acquisition synergies that are specific to the Group. In addition, goodwill arises on the recognition of deferred tax liabilities in respect of intangible assets for which amortisation does not qualify for tax deductions. The fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in the last 12 months are provisional pending the completion of the valuation exercises. Final fair values will be incorporated in the 2018 consolidated financial statements. There were no significant adjustments to the provisional fair values of prior year acquisitions established in 2016. The businesses acquired in 2018 contributed £98m to revenue, increased adjusted operating profit by £ 7 34 £4m £7,531 2,347 1,420 Subsequent to the 31 December 2018, Reed Exhibitions acquired Mack Brooks.

Equity dividends

Equity dividends	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Reconciliation Of Number Of Shares Outstanding [Abstract]
Equity dividends	13 Equity dividends ORDINARY DIVIDENDS PAID IN THE YEAR 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m RELX PLC 420 400 356 RELX NV 376 362 327 Total 796 762 683 Ordinary dividends declared and paid in the year ended 31 December 2018, in amounts per ordinary share, comprise: a 2017 final dividend of 27.7 12.4 40.1 shareholders. Former shareholders in RELX NV received a 2017 final dividend of €0.316 (2017: €0.301; 2016: €0.288) and a 2018 interim dividend of €0.140 (2017: €0.132; 2016: €0.122). The Directors of RELX PLC have proposed a final dividend of 29.7 42.1 583 The Employee Benefit Trust has currently waived the right to receive dividends on RELX PLC shares. This waiver has been applied to dividends paid in 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Goodwill

Goodwill	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Text Block1 [Abstract]
Goodwill	14 Goodwill Accounting policy On the acquisition of a subsidiary or business, the purchase consideration is allocated between the net tangible and intangible assets on a fair value basis, with any excess purchase consideration representing goodwill. Goodwill arising on acquisitions also includes amounts corresponding to deferred tax liabilities recognised in respect of acquired intangible assets. Goodwill is recognised as an asset and reviewed for impairment when there is an indicator that the asset may be impaired and at least annually. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the income statement and not subsequently reversed. On disposal of a subsidiary or business, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss on disposal. At each statement of financial position date, the carrying amounts of tangible and intangible assets and goodwill are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount, which is the higher of value in use and fair value less costs to sell, of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent, if any, of the impairment loss. Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, value in use estimates are made based on the cash flows of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs. Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is any indication that the asset may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is estimated to be less than its net carrying amount, the net carrying amount of the asset or cash generating unit is reduced to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised immediately in the income statement in administration and other expenses. Critical judgement and key source of estimation uncertainty The carrying amounts of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets in each business are reviewed for impairment at least annually. The carrying amounts of all other intangible assets are reviewed where there are indications of possible impairment. An impairment review involves a comparison of the carrying value of the asset with estimated values in use based on the latest management cash flow projections, approved by the Boards. Key areas of judgement in estimating the values in use of businesses are the growth in cash flows over a forecast period of up to five years, the long-term growth rate assumed thereafter and the discount rate applied to the forecast cash flows. A description of the key assumptions and sensitivities is provided below. 2018 £m 2017 £m At start of year 5,965 6,392 Acquisitions 626 77 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (25 ) (72 ) Transfers - 11 Exchange translation differences 333 (443 ) At end of year 6,899 5,965 Transfers relate to movements in goodwill as a result of the finalisation of the accounting for prior year acquisitions. The carrying amount of goodwill is after cumulative amortisation of £ 1,222 9 Impairment review Impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets is performed at least annually in accordance with the methodology described above. There were no charges for impairment of goodwill in 2018 (2017: nil). Goodwill is compiled and assessed among groups of cash generating units, which represent the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored by management. Typically, acquisitions are integrated into existing business units, and the goodwill arising is allocated to the groups of cash generating units (CGUs) that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the acquisition. As the business areas have become increasingly integrated and globalised, the current CGU allocation reflects the global leverage of assets, skills, knowledge and technology platforms, and the monitoring of goodwill by management. GOODWILL 2018 £m 2017 £m Scientific, Technical & Medical 1,620 1,479 Risk & Business Analytics 3,283 2,595 Legal 1,465 1,390 Exhibitions 531 501 Total 6,899 5,965 The key assumptions used for each group of cash generating units are disclosed below: KEY ASSUMPTIONS 2018 2017 Pre-tax discount rate Nominal long-term market growth rate Pre-tax discount rate Nominal long-term market growth rate Scientific, Technical & Medical 10.0 % 3 % 10.1 % 3 % Risk & Business Analytics 11.5 % 3 % 12.3 % 3 % Legal 12.2 % 2 % 12.7 % 2 % Exhibitions 12.7 % 3 % 12.6 % 3 % The pre-tax discount rates used are based on the Group’s weighted average cost of capital, adjusted to reflect a risk premium specific to each business. Nominal long-term market growth rates, which are applied after the forecast period of up to five years, do not exceed the long-term average growth prospects for the sectors and territories in which the businesses operate. A sensitivity analysis has been performed based on changes in key assumptions considered to be reasonably possible by management: an increase in the discount rate of 0.5%, a decrease in the compound annual growth rate for cash flow in the five-year forecast period of 2.0%, and a decrease in the nominal long-term market growth rates of 0.5%. The sensitivity analysis shows that no impairment charges would result from these scenarios.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Abstract]
Intangible assets	15 Intangible assets Accounting policy Intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination are stated in the statement of financial position at their fair value as at the date of acquisition, less accumulated amortisation. Internally generated intangible assets are stated in the statement of financial position at the directly attributable cost of creation of the asset, less accumulated amortisation. Intangible assets acquired as part of business combinations comprise: market-related assets (e.g. trademarks, imprints, brands); customer-related assets (e.g. subscription bases, customer lists, customer relationships); editorial content; software and systems (e.g. application infrastructure, product delivery platforms, in-process research and development); contract-based assets (e.g. publishing rights, exhibition rights, supply contracts); and other intangible assets. Internally generated intangible assets typically comprise software and systems development where an identifiable asset is created that is probable to generate future economic benefits. Intangible assets, other than journal titles determined to have indefinite lives, are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets with finite lives are as follows: market and customer-related assets – 3 to 40 years; content, software and other acquired intangible assets – 3 to 20 years; and internally developed intangible assets – 3 to 10 years. Journal titles determined to have indefinite lives are not amortised and are subject to impairment review at least annually, including a review of events and circumstances to ensure that they continue to support an indefinite useful life. Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty On acquisition of a subsidiary or business, the purchase consideration is allocated between the net tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill on a fair value basis, with any excess purchase consideration representing goodwill. The valuation of acquired intangible assets represents the estimated economic value in use, using standard valuation methodologies, including as appropriate, discounted cash flow, relief from royalty and comparable market transactions. Acquired intangible assets are capitalised and amortised systematically over their estimated useful lives, subject to impairment review. The assumptions used are subject to management judgement. Appropriate amortisation periods are selected based on assessments of the longevity of the brands and imprints, the strength and stability of customer relationships, the market positions of the acquired assets and the technological and competitive risks that they face. Certain intangible assets in relation to acquired science and medical publishing businesses have been determined to have indefinite lives. The longevity of these assets is evidenced by their long-established and well-regarded journal titles, and their characteristically stable market positions. The assumptions used are subject to management judgement. Development spend encompasses investment in new products and other initiatives, ranging from the building of online delivery platforms, to launch costs of new services, to building new infrastructure and applications. Launch costs and other ongoing operating expenses of new products and services are expensed as incurred. The costs of building product applications, platforms and infrastructure are capitalised as intangible assets, where the investment they represent has demonstrable value and the technical and commercial feasibility is assured. Costs eligible for capitalisation must be incremental, clearly identified and directly attributable to a particular project. The resulting assets are amortised over their estimated useful lives. Impairment reviews are carried out at least annually where indicators of impairment are identified. Judgement is required in the assessment of the potential value of a development project, the identification of costs eligible for capitalisation and the selection of appropriate asset lives. Market and customer- related £m Content, software and other £m Total acquired intangible assets £m Internally developed intangible assets £m Total £m Cost At 1 January 2017 3,872 3,679 7,551 2,550 10,101 Acquisitions 32 24 56 – 56 Additions – – – 304 304 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (26 ) (76 ) (102 ) (42 ) (144 ) Transfers (50 ) 27 (23 ) – (23 ) Exchange translation differences (309 ) (162 ) (471 ) (121 ) (592 ) At 1 January 2018 3,519 3,492 7,011 2,691 9,702 Acquisitions 310 113 423 — 423 Additions – – – 304 304 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (15 ) (11 ) (26 ) (148 ) (174 ) Exchange translation differences 211 130 341 99 440 At 31 December 2018 4,025 3,724 7,749 2,946 10,695 Accumulated amortisation At 1 January 2017 1,893 3,139 5,032 1,465 6,497 Charge for the year 188 125 313 203 516 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (16 ) (72 ) (88 ) (43 ) (131 ) Exchange translation differences (158 ) (146 ) (304 ) (70 ) (374 ) At 1 January 2018 1,907 3,046 4,953 1,555 6,508 Charge for the year 169 118 287 225 512 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (15 ) (11 ) (26 ) (111 ) (137 ) Exchange translation differences 105 113 218 60 278 At 31 December 2018 2,166 3,266 5,432 1,729 7,161 Net book amount At 31 December 2017 1,612 446 2,058 1,136 3,194 At 31 December 2018 1,859 458 2,317 1,217 3,534 Transfers relate to movements in intangible assets as a result of the finalisation of the accounting for prior year acquisitions. Included in content, software and other acquired intangible assets are assets with a net book value of £ 80 Included in market and customer-related intangible assets are £ 119

Investments

Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Investments [Abstract]
Investments	16 Investments Accounting policy Investments, other than investments in joint arrangements and associates, are stated in the statement of financial position at fair value. Changes in the fair value of investments held as part of the venture capital portfolio are reported in disposals and other non-operating items in the income statement. All items recognised in the income statement relating to investments, other than investments in joint arrangements and associates, are reported as disposals and other non-operating items. Venture capital investments and equity investments represent interests in unlisted securities. The fair value of unlisted securities is based on management’s estimate of fair value based on standard valuation techniques, including market comparisons and discounts of future cash flows, having regard to maximising the use of observable inputs and adjusting for risk. Advice from valuation experts is used as appropriate. All joint arrangements are classified as joint ventures because the Group shares joint control and has rights to the net assets of the arrangements. Investments in joint ventures and associates are accounted for under the equity method and stated in the statement of financial position at cost as adjusted for post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of net assets, less any impairment in value. . 2018 £m 2017 £m Investments in joint ventures 104 102 Available for sale investments - 2 Venture capital investments 151 139 Total 255 243 The value of venture capital investments and available for sale investments has been determined by reference to other observable market inputs or, when these are not available, by reference to inputs we believe would reflect the assumptions market participants would use. Gains and losses included in the consolidated income statement are provided in note 8. An analysis of changes in the carrying value of investments in joint ventures is set out below: 2018 £m 2017 £m At start of year 102 102 Share of results of joint ventures 32 37 Dividends received from joint ventures (30 ) (38 ) Additions 2 2 Exchange translation differences (2 ) (1 ) At end of year 104 102 Summarised aggregate information in respect of the Group’s share of joint ventures is set out below: RELX’s share 2018 £m 2017 £m Revenue 101 101 Net profit for the year 32 37 Total assets 96 85 Total liabilities (49 ) (42 ) Net assets 47 43 Goodwill 57 59 Total 104 102 The Group’s consolidated other comprehensive income includes no income or losses relating to joint ventures in either period.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment	17 Property, plant and equipment Accounting policy Property, plant and equipment are stated in the statement of financial position at cost less accumulated depreciation. No depreciation is provided on freehold land. Freehold buildings and long leaseholds are depreciated over their estimated useful lives up to a maximum of 50 years. Short leases are written off over the duration of the lease. Depreciation is provided on other assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows: – land and buildings: land – not depreciated; leasehold improvements – shorter of life of lease and 10 years; – fixtures and equipment: plant – 3 to 20 years; office furniture, fixtures and fittings – 5 to 10 years; computer systems, communication networks and equipment – 3 to 7 years. 2018 2017 Land and buildings £m Fixtures and equipment £m Total £m Land and buildings £m Fixtures and equipment £m Total £m Cost At start of year 217 599 816 231 630 861 Acquisitions – 5 5 - - - Capital expenditure 5 51 56 5 46 51 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (8 ) (40 ) (48 ) (3 ) (40 ) (43 ) Exchange translation differences 9 25 34 (16 ) (37 ) (53 ) At end of year 223 640 863 217 599 816 Accumulated depreciation At start of year 137 485 622 139 499 638 Charge for the year 9 53 62 9 56 65 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (6 ) (40 ) (46 ) (1 ) (39 ) (40 ) Exchange translation differences 6 21 27 (10 ) (31 ) (41 ) At end of year 146 519 665 137 485 622 Net book amount 77 121 198 80 114 194 No depreciation is provided on freehold land of £ 14 14 Amounts relating to right of use assets under IFRS 16 can be found in note 23

Financial instruments

Financial instruments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Financial Instruments [Abstract]
Financial instruments	18 Financial instruments Accounting policy Financial instruments comprise investments (other than investments in joint ventures or associates), trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, payables and accruals, borrowings and derivative financial instruments. Investments (other than investments in joint ventures and associates) are described in note 16. The fair value of such investments is based on standard valuation techniques, including market comparisons and discounts of future cash flows, having regard to maximising the use of observable inputs and adjusting for risk. (These investments are typically classified as either Level 2 or 3 in the IFRS 13 fair value hierarchy). Trade receivables are carried in the statement of financial position at invoiced value less allowance for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Irrecoverable amounts are estimated based on the ageing of trade receivables, experience and circumstance. Borrowings and payables are recorded initially at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost (other than fixed rate borrowings in designated hedging relationships for which the carrying amount of the hedged portion of the borrowings is subsequently adjusted for the gain or loss attributable to the hedged risk). Derivative financial instruments are used to hedge interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Where an effective hedge is in place against changes in the fair value of fixed rate borrowings, the hedged borrowings are adjusted for changes in fair value attributable to the risk being hedged with a corresponding income or expense included in the income statement within finance costs. The offsetting gains or losses from remeasuring the fair value of the related derivatives are also recognised in the income statement with in finance costs. When the related derivative expires, is sold or terminated, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged borrowing is amortised in the income statement over the period to maturity of the borrowing using the effective interest method. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are recognised (net of tax) in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the hedge reserve. With effect from 1January 2018, the fair value amounts relating to foreign currency basis spreads are recorded in a separate component of equity in the cost of hedging reserve. If a hedged firm commitment or forecasted transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or liability, then, at the time that the asset or liability is recognised, the associated gains or losses on the derivative that had previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are included in the initial measurement of the asset or liability. For hedges that do not result in the recognition of an asset or a liability, amounts deferred in the hedge reserve are recognised in the income statement in the same period in which the hedged item affects net profit or loss. Any ineffective portion of hedges is recognised immediately in the income statement. Cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued when a hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. At that time, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in other comprehensive income is either retained in the hedge reserve until the firm commitment or forecasted transaction occurs, or, where a hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, is immediately credited or expensed in the income statement. Derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments are recorded in the statement of financial position at fair value, with changes in fair value recognised in the income statement. The fair values of derivative financial instruments represent the replacement costs calculated using observable market rates of interest and exchange. The fair value of long-term borrowings is calculated by discounting expected future cash flows at observable market rates. (These instruments are accordingly classified as Level 2 in the IFRS 13 fair value hierarchy.) The main financial risks faced by the Group are liquidity risk, market risk - comprising interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk ­ and credit risk. Financial instruments are used to finance the Group's businesses and to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks. The Group's businesses do not enter into speculative derivative transactions. Details of financial instruments subject to liquidity, market and credit risks are described below. Liquidity risk The Group maintains a range of borrowing facilities and debt programmes to fund its requirements at competitive rates. The balance of long-term debt, short-term debt and committed bank facilities is managed to provide security of funding, taking into account the cash generation cycle of the business and the uncertain size and timing of acquisition spend. To accommodate the significant free cash flow generated by the Group and to capitalize on an inexpensive source of funding, a meaningful portion of the overall debt portfolio is typically kept short-term as long as there exists acceptable liquidity in the commercial paper markets and sufficient capacity under committed credit lines. The Group's treasury policies ensure adequate liquidity by requiring that (a) no more than $1.5bn of term debt matures in any 12-month period, (b) the sum of term debt maturing over the ensuing 12 months plus short-term borrowings is less than the sum of available cash plus committed facilities and (c) minimum levels of borrowing with maturities over three and five years are maintained. The treasury policies ensure debt efficiency by (a) targeting certain levels of short-term borrowings across a given year, (b) maintaining a weighted average maturity of the gross debt portfolio of approximately five years and (c) minimizing surplus cash balances. From time to time, based on cash flow and market conditions, the Group may redeem term debt early or repurchase outstanding debt in the open market. Debt is issued to meet the funding requirements of various jurisdictions and in the currencies that are needed. It is recognized that debt can act as a natural translation hedge of earnings, net assets and net cash flow in currencies other than the reporting currency. For this reason, the majority of the Group's net debt is denominated in US dollars and euros, reflecting the Group's largest geographical markets. There were no changes to the Group’s long-term approach to capital and liquidity management during the year. The remaining contractual maturities for borrowings and derivative financial instruments are shown in the table below. The table shows undiscounted principal and interest cash flows and includes contractual gross cash flows to be exchanged as part of cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts where there is a legal right of set-off. AT 31 DECEMBER 2018 Contractual cash flow Carrying amount £m Within 1 year £m 1-2 years £m 2-3 years £m 3-4 years £m 4-5 years £m More than 5 years £m Total £m Borrowings Fixed rate borrowings (5,315 ) (752 ) (610 ) (552 ) (879 ) (732 ) (2,555 ) (6,080 ) Floating rate borrowings (690 ) (686 ) – – – – (4 ) (690 ) Lease liabilities (360 ) (104 ) (92 ) (75 ) (47 ) (30 ) (63 ) (411 ) Derivative financial liabilities Interest rate derivatives (15 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (3 ) (8 ) (19 ) Cross-currency interest rate swaps (1 ) (48 ) (21 ) (21 ) (21 ) (39 ) (557 ) (707 ) Forward foreign exchange contracts (53 ) (1,498 ) (375 ) (181 ) (25 ) – – (2,079 ) Derivative financial assets Interest rate derivatives 21 12 13 3 1 5 3 37 Cross-currency interest rate swaps 13 33 8 8 8 25 553 635 Forward foreign exchange contracts 13 1,473 361 173 26 – – 2,033 Total (6,387 ) (1,572 ) (718 ) (647 ) (939 ) (774 ) (2,631 ) (7,281 ) AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 RESTATED Contractual cash flow Carrying amount £m Within 1 year £m 1-2 years £m 2-3 years £m 3-4 years £m 4-5 years £m More than 5 years £m Total £m Borrowings Fixed rate borrowings (4,393 ) (331 ) (703 ) (575 ) (518 ) (805 ) (2,198 ) (5,130 ) Floating rate borrowings (469 ) (464 ) – – – – (5 ) (469 ) Lease liabilities (391 ) (100 ) (91 ) (79 ) (64 ) (34 ) (82 ) (450 ) Derivative financial liabilities (13 ) (1 ) (1 ) (2 ) (2 ) (4 ) (8 ) (18 ) Interest rate derivatives (2 ) (258 ) (17 ) (18 ) (18 ) (18 ) (541 ) (870 ) Cross-currency interest rate swaps (42 ) (2,148 ) (418 ) (188 ) (41 ) – – (2,795 ) Forward foreign exchange contracts Derivative financial assets Interest rate derivatives 20 13 11 10 1 – – 35 Cross-currency interest rate swaps 42 246 7 7 7 7 554 828 Forward foreign exchange contracts 53 2,139 422 193 42 – – 2,796 Total (5,195 ) (904 ) (790 ) (652 ) (593 ) (854 ) (2,280 ) (6,073 ) The carrying amount of derivative financial liabilities comprises £15m (2017: £15m) in relation to fair value hedges, £41m (2017: £30m) in relation to cash flow hedges and £13m (2017: £12m) not designated as hedging instruments. The carrying amount of derivative financial assets comprises £33m (2017: £20m) in relation to fair value hedges, £7m (2017: £81m) in relation to cash flow hedges and £7m (2017: £14m) At 31 December 2018, the Group had access to a $3,000m committed bank facility, consisting of a $1,750m tranche maturing in July 2023 and a $1,250m tranche maturing in July 2021, which was undrawn. This facility backs up short-term borrowings. All borrowings that mature with in the next two years can be covered by the facility and by utilizing available cash resources. The committed bank facility is subject to a financial covenant typical to the Group’s size and financial strength. The Group had significant headroom within this covenant for the year ended 31 December 2018. There are no financial covenants in any outstanding public bonds. Market risk The Group’s primary market risks are interest rate fluctuations and exchange rate movements. Derivatives are used to manage the risks associated with interest rate and exchange rate movements and the Group does not enter into speculative derivatives. Where the impact of derivatives on the income statement and the statement of financial position could be significant, hedge accounting is applied (subject to satisfying the required criteria) as described in 'Hedge accounting' below. Interest rate exposure management The Group’s interest rate exposure management policy aims to minimise interest costs with an acceptable level of year on year volatility. To achieve this, the Group uses fixed rate term debt and interest rate swaps to give a target mix of fixed rate and floating rate borrowings interest rate derivatives are used only to hedge an underlying risk and no net market positions are held. At 31 December 2018, 45% of gross bank and bond borrowings were at fixed rate. A 100 basis point reduction in interest rates would result in an estimated decrease in net finance costs of £32m (2017: £26m), based on the composition of financial instruments including cash, cash equivalents, bank loans and commercial paper borrowings at 31 December 2018. A 100 basis point rise in interest rates would result in an estimated increase in net finance costs of £32m (2017: £26m). The impact on net equity of at theoretical change in interest rates as at 31 December 2018 is restricted to the change in carrying value of floating rate to fixed rate interest rate derivatives in a designated cash flow hedge relationship and undesignated interest rate derivatives. A 1 00 00 Foreign currency exposure management Translation exposures arise on the earnings and net assets of individual businesses whose operational currencies are other than sterling. Some of these exposures are offset by denominating borrowings in US dollars, euros and other currencies. Currency exposures on transactions denominated in a foreign currency are generally hedged using forward contracts. In addition, recurring transactions and future investment exposures may be hedged, in advance of becoming contractual. The precise policy differs according to the specific circumstances of the individual businesses. Highly predictable future cash flows may be covered for transactions expected to occur during the next 24 months (50 months for the Scientific, Technical & Medical subscription businesses) within limits defined according to the period before the transaction is expected to become contractual. Cover takes the form of foreign exchange forward contracts. Further information is provided in' Cash flow hedges' below. A theoretical weakening of all currencies by 10% against sterling at 31 December 2018 would decrease the carrying value of net assets, excluding net borrowings, by £782m (2017: £650m). This would be offset to a degree by a decrease in net borrowings of £625m (2017: £473m). A strengthening of all currencies by 10% against sterling at 31 December2018 would increase the carrying value of net assets, excluding net borrowings, by £782m (2017:£650m) and increase net borrowings by £625m (2017: £473m). A retranslation of the Group's net profit for the year, assuming a 10% weakening of all foreign currencies against sterling but excluding transactional exposures, would reduce net profit by £127m (2017: £147m). A 10% strengthening of all foreign currencies against sterling on this basis would increase net profit for the year by £127m (2017: £147m). Credit risk The Group seeks to manage interest rate risk and limit foreign exchange risks described above by the use of financial instruments and as a result has a credit risk from the potential non-performance by the counterparties to these financial instruments, which are unsecured. The amount of this credit risk is normally restricted to the amounts of any hedge gain and not the principal amount being hedged. The Group also has a credit exposure to counterparties for the full principal amount of cash and cash equivalents. Credit risks are controlled by monitoring the credit quality of these counterparties, principally licensed commercial banks and investment banks with strong long-term credit ratings, and the amounts outstanding with each of them. The Group has treasury policies in place which do not allow concentrations of risk with individual counter parties and do not allow significant treasury exposures with counter parties which are rated lower than A-/A3 by Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch. At 31 December 2018, cash and cash equivalents totalled £114m (2017: £111m), of which 93% (2017:90%) was held with banks rated A-/A3 or better. The Group also has credit risk with respect to trade receivables due from its customers, which include national and state governments, academic institutions and large and small enterprises including law firms, book stores and wholesalers. The concentration of credit risk from trade receivables is limited due to the large and broad customer base. Trade receivable exposures are managed locally in the business units where they arise. Where appropriate, business units seek to minimize this exposure by taking payment in advance and through management of credit terms. Allowance is made for bad and doubtful debts based on management’s assessment of the risk taking into account the ageing profile, experience and circumstance. The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of each financial asset, including derivative financial instruments, recorded in the statement of financial position. Included within trade receivables are the following amounts which are past due but for which no allowance has been made: past due up to one month £181m (2017: £220m); past due two to three months £93m (2017: £97m); past due four to six months £37m (2017: £44m); and past due greater than six months £35m (2017: £40m). Hedge accounting The hedging relationships that are designated under IFRS 9- Financial Instruments with effect from 1 January 2018, and/or that were previously designated under IAS 39- Financial Instruments are described below. Fair value hedges The Group has entered into interest rate swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed rate borrowings due to interest rate and foreign currency movements which could affect the income statement. The table below details the designated fair value hedge relationships that were in place at 31 December 2018, swapping fixed rate term debt issues denominated in US dollars (USD) and euros to floating rate USD and euro debt respectively for the whole or part of their term, together with the related fixed and floating rates. FAIR VALUE HEDGE RELATIONSHIPS 31 December 2018 Principal amount £m 31 December 2017 Principal amount £m Fixed Rate Floating Rate €550m loan notes and €550m interest rate swaps maturing 2020 (494 ) (489 ) 2.5 % LIBOR+1.1% €500m bond and €500m interest rate swaps maturing 2021 (449 ) (444 ) 0.4 % LIBOR+0.3% $700m bond and $700m interest rate swaps maturing 2023 (549 ) 0 3.5 % LIBOR+0.8% €500m bond and €500m interest rate swaps maturing 2024 (449 ) (444 ) 1.0 % LIBOR+0.7% €600m bond and €600m/$669.3m cross-currency interest rate swaps maturing 2025 (525 ) (495 ) 1.3 % LIBOR+1.3% $200m bond and $200m interest rate swaps maturing 2027 (157 ) (148 ) 7.2 % LIBOR+5.8% (2,623 ) (2,020 ) The gains and losses on the borrowings and related derivatives designated as fair value hedges, which are included in the income statement as part of finance costs, together with the total carrying values of the borrowings and related derivatives included in the statement of financial position, for the three years ended 31 December 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows: GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2018 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2018 £m Carrying values £m USD debt 12 – 1 13 (701 ) Related interest rate swaps (12 ) (1 ) (1 ) (14 ) (14 ) – (1 ) – (1 ) (715 ) EUR debt (17 ) (21 ) (1 ) (39 ) (1,952 ) Related interest rate swaps 17 21 1 39 39 – – – – (1,913 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (5 ) (21 ) – (26 ) (2,653 ) Total related interest rate swaps 5 20 – 25 25 Net loss on borrowings and related derivatives/ total carrying value – (1 ) – (1 ) (2,628 ) GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2017 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m De-designated £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2017 £m Carrying values £m USD debt 16 (1 ) (2 ) (1 ) 12 (147 ) Related interest rate swaps (16 ) 1 2 1 (12 ) (12 ) – – – – – (159 ) EUR debt (33 ) 17 – (1 ) (17 ) (1,922 ) Related interest rate swaps 32 (16 ) – 1 17 17 (1 ) 1 – – – (1,905 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (17 ) 16 (2 ) (2 ) (5 ) (2,069 ) Total related interest rate swaps 16 (15 ) 2 2 5 5 Net (loss)/gain on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value (1 ) 1 – – – (2,064 ) GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2016 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m De-designated £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December. 2016 £m Carrying values £m USD debt 2 13 – 1 16 (378 ) Related interest rate swaps (2 ) (13 ) – (1 ) (16 ) (16 ) – – – – – (403 ) GBP debt (14 ) – 14 – – – Related interest rate swaps 14 – (14 ) – – – – – – – – – EUR debt (9 ) (21 ) – (3 ) (33 ) (1,011 ) Related interest rate swaps 8 21 – 3 32 32 (1 ) – – – (1 ) (979 ) Total relating to USD, GBP and EUR debt (21 ) (8 ) 14 (2 ) (17 ) (1,398 ) Total related interest rate swaps 20 8 (14 ) 2 16 16 Net loss on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value (1 ) – – – (1 ) (1,382 ) All fair value hedges were highly effective throughout the three years ended 31 December 2018. Gross borrowings as at 31 December 2018 included £23m (2017: £24m) in relation to fair value adjustments to borrowings previously designated in a fair value hedge relationship which were de-designated in 2008. The related derivatives were closed out on de-designation with a cash inflow of £62m. £3m (2017: £3m) of these fair value adjustments were amortised in the year as a reduction to finance costs. Cash flow hedges As part of the Group's interest rate exposure management, it has entered into certain cross-currency interest rate derivatives, individual components of which have been accounted for as cash flow hedges (with the remaining components accounted for as fair value hedges, as described above). These comprised the following: 1 Interest rate derivatives which swapped a fixed rate CHF 275m bond, issued in June 2013 and maturing in December 2018, to floating rate USD debt for the whole of its term. The component relating to the swap of fixed rate CHF coupons to fixed rate USD cash flows was accounted for as a cash flow hedge under lAS 39 and was de-designated on 31 December 2017.The gains which had accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve up to the date of de-designation were reclassified to the income statement as part of finance costs during 2018. 2 Interest rate derivatives which swapped a fixed rate €600m bond, issued in May 2015 and maturing in May 2025, to floating rate USD debt for the whole of its term. The component relating to the swap of floating rate euro cash flows to floating rate USD cash flows (including credit margin) was accounted for as a cash flow hedge under lAS 39 up to 31 December 2017. From 1 January 2018 the component relating to the swap of the euro credit margin to USD is being accounted for a cash flow hedge under IFRS 9, with the amount associated with foreign currency basis spreads recorded in the cost of hedging reserve. As part of the Group's foreign currency exposure management, it has entered into forward foreign exchange contracts which fix the exchange rate on a portion of future foreign currency subscription revenues forecast by the businesses for up to 50 months. These have been accounted for as cash flow hedges under lAS 39 and under IFRS 9 of the forecast foreign currency revenues, with gains and Losses on the forward contracts deferred in the hedge reserve until the related revenue is recognized, at which time the accumulated gains and losses are reclassified to the income statement. Movements in the hedge reserve in 2017 and 2018 and, with effect from 1 January 2018, the cost of hedging reserve, including gains and losses on cash flow hedging instruments, were as follows: Interest rate hedge reserve £m Cost of hedging reserve £m Foreign currency hedge reserve £m Total £m Hedge reserve at 1January 2017: gains/(Losses) deferred 8 – (169 ) (161 ) Gains arising in 2017 63 – 74 137 Amounts recognised in income statement (65 ) – 90 25 Exchange translation differences (1 ) – (2 ) (3 ) Hedge reserve at 31 December 2017: gains/( losses) deferred 5 – (7 ) (2 ) Reclassification on 1 January 2018 (1 ) 1 – – Losses arising in 2018 – (8 ) (51 ) (59 ) Amounts recognised in income statement (3 ) – 20 17 Exchange translation differences – – – – Hedge reserve at 31 December 2018: gains/( losses) deferred 1 (7 ) (38 ) (44 ) All cash flow hedges were highly effective throughout the two years ended 31 December 2018. A Of the amounts recognised in the income statement in the year, losses of £20m (2017: £90m) were recognised in revenue, and gains of £3m (2017: £65m) were recognised in finance costs. A tax credit of £3m (2017: £1m) was recognised in relation to these items. The deferred gains and losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges at 31 December 2018 are currently expected to be recognised in the income statement in future years as shown in the table below, together with the principal amount of hedges relating to each year and their total carrying values included within derivative assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position: Foreign currency hedge reserve £m Principal amount of hedges £m Carrying values £m 2019 (14 ) 481 (20 ) 2020 (13 ) 486 (13 ) 2021 (10 ) 228 (10 ) 2022 (1 ) 64 (1 ) Total (38 ) 1,259 (44 ) The cash flows for these hedges are expected to occur in line with the recognition of the gains and losses in the income statement, or in the preceding year. These cash flows are included in the table on page 151.

Inventories and pre-publication

Inventories and pre-publication costs	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Information About Inventories Explanatory [Abstract]
Inventories and pre-publication costs	19 Inventories and pre-publication costs Accounting policy Inventories and pre-publication costs are stated at the lower of cost, including appropriate attributable overhead, and estimated net realisable value. Such costs typically comprise direct internal labour costs and externally commissioned editorial and other fees. Pre-publication costs, representing costs incurred in the origination of content prior to publication, are expensed systematically reflecting the expected sales profile over the estimated economic lives of the related products, generally up to five years. Annual reviews are carried out to assess the recoverability of carrying amounts. 2018 £m 2017 £m Raw materials 2 2 Pre-publication costs 171 157 Finished goods 39 38 Total 212 197

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Trade And Other Receivables [Abstract]
Trade and other receivables	20 Trade and other receivables 2018 £m 2017 Restated £m Trade receivables 1,829 1,682 Loss allowance (87 ) (79 ) 1,742 1,603 Prepayments and accrued income 224 219 Net finance lease receivable 49 57 Total 2,015 1,873 Trade receivables are predominantly non-interest bearing and their carrying amounts approximate to their fair value. Trade receivables are stated net of a loss allowance for expected credit losses. The movements in the loss allowance during the year were as follows: 2018 £m 2017 £m At start of year 79 56 Charge for the year 14 39 Trade receivables written off (8 ) (15 ) Exchange translation differences 2 (1 ) At end of year 87 79

Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Trade And Other Payables [Abstract]
Trade and other payables	21 Trade and other payables Accounting policy Deferred income is recognised when either a customer has paid consideration, or RELX has an unconditional right to an amount of consideration, in advance of the goods and services being delivered. 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Trade payables 187 240 Accruals 711 663 Social security and other taxes 127 114 Other payables 407 371 Deferred income 2,000 1,910 Total 3,432 3,298 Trade and other payables are predominantly non-interest bearing and their carrying amounts approximate to their fair value.

Borrowings

Borrowings	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Borrowings By Type [Abstract]
Borrowings	22 Borrowings Accounting policy Borrowings are recorded initially at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost, other than fixed rate borrowings in designated hedging relationships for which the carrying amount of the hedged portion of the borrowings is subsequently adjusted for the gain or loss attributable to the hedged risk. When the related derivative in such a hedging relationship expires, is sold or terminated, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged borrowing is amortised in the income statement over the period to maturity of the borrowing using the effective interest method. 2018 Restated 2017 Falling due within 1 year £m Falling due in more than 1 year £m Total £m Falling due within 1 year £m Falling due in more than 1 year £m Total £m Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost: Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper 686 – 686 464 - 464 Term debt 614 1,808 2,422 209 1,682 1,891 Lease liabilities 92 268 360 89 302 391 Term debt in fair value hedging relationships – 2,652 2,652 - 2,069 2,069 Term debt previously in fair value hedging relationships – 245 245 - 438 438 Total 1,392 4,973 6,365 762 4,491 5,253 The total fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortised cost (excluding lease liabilities) is £3,254m (2017: £2,522m). The total fair value of term debt in fair value hedging relationships is £2,742m (2017: £2,148m). The total fair value of term debt previously in fair value hedging relationships is £283m (2017: £501m). RELX PLC has given guarantees in respect of certain long-term and short-term borrowings issued by subsidiaries. Included within term debt above are debt securities issued by RELX Capital Inc., a 100% indirectly-owned finance subsidiary of RELX PLC, which have been registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. RELX PLC has fully and unconditionally guaranteed these securities, which are not guaranteed by any other subsidiary of RELX PLC. Analysis by year of repayment 2018 Restated 2017 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total £m Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Finance leases £m Total £m Within 1 year 686 614 92 1,392 464 209 89 762 Within 1 to 2 years – 508 87 595 - 593 85 678 Within 2 to 3 years – 451 70 521 - 508 74 582 Within 3 to 4 years – 688 42 730 - 444 58 502 Within 4 to 5 years – 669 27 696 - 630 28 658 After 5 years – 2,389 42 2,341 - 2,014 57 2,071 After 1 year – 4,705 268 4,973 - 4,189 302 4,491 Total 686 5,319 360 6,365 464 4,398 391 5,253 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper were backed up at 31 December 2018 by a $3,000m (£2,354m) committed bank facility consisting of a $1,750m (£1,373m) tranche maturing in July 2023 and a $1,250m (£981m) tranche Analysis by currency 2018 Restated 2017 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total £m Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Finance leases £m Total £m US dollars 19 2,493 177 2,689 103 2,044 187 2,334 £ sterling 314 300 66 683 262 299 69 630 Euro 318 2,526 85 2,929 76 2,055 97 2,228 Other currencies 32 – 32 64 23 - 38 61 Total 686 5,319 360 6,365 464 4,398 391 5,253 Included in the US dollar amounts for term debt above is £544m of debt denominated in euros (€600m); (2017: £742m of debt denominated in euros (€600m) and and Swiss francs (CHF 275m)) that was swapped into US dollars on issuance and against which there are related derivative financial instruments, which, as at 31 December 2018, had a fair value of £19m (2017: £38m).

Lease arrangements

Lease arrangements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Finance Lease And Operating Lease By Lessee [Abstract]
Lease arrangements	23 Lease arrangements Accounting policy All leases where RELX is the lessee (with the exception of short term and low value leases) are recognised in the statement of financial position. A lease liability is recognised based on the present value of the future lease payments, and a corresponding right-of-use asset is recognised. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the asset. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and a reduction of the lease liability. Low value items and short-term leases with a term of 12 months or less are not required to be recognised on the balance sheet and payments made in relation to these leases are recognised on a straight-line basis in the income statement. The leases held by the Group can be split into two categories, property and non-property. The Group leases various properties, principally offices, which have varying terms and renewal rights that are typical to the territory in which they are located. Non-property includes all other leases, such as cars and printers. Right-of-use assets Property £m Non- property £m 2018 £m Property £m Non- property £m Restated 2017 £m At start of year 264 23 287 298 27 325 Additions 26 5 31 41 5 46 Acquisitions 7 5 12 – – – Remeasurement 13 – 13 8 – 8 Disposals (2 ) (8 ) (10 ) (8 ) 0 (8 ) Depreciation (68 ) (9 ) (77 ) (67 ) (8 ) (75 ) Exchange translation differences 6 1 7 (8 ) (1 ) (9 ) At end of year 246 17 263 264 23 287 Lease liability 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Current Property (83 ) (81 ) Non-property (9 ) (8 ) Non-current Property (260 ) (295 ) Non-property (8 ) (7 ) Total (360 ) (391 ) Interest expense on the lease liabilities recognised within finance costs was £ 14 17 As at 31 December 2018, RELX was committed to leases with future cash outflows totalling £40m which had not yet commenced and as such are not accounted for as a liability as at 31 December 2018. A liability and corresponding right of use asset will be recognised for these leases at the lease commencement date. RELX subleases vacant space available within its leased properties. IFRS 16 specifies conditions whereby a sublease is classed as a finance lease for the sub-lessor. The finance lease receivable balance held is as follows: 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Net finance lease receivable 49 57

Provisions

Provisions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Other Provisions [Abstract]
Provisions	24 Provisions Accounting policy Provisions are recognised when a present obligation exists as a result of a past event, the obligation is reasonably estimable, and it is probable that settlement will be required. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the statement of financial position date. 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m At start of year 63 86 Utilised (14 ) (17 ) Exchange translation differences 2 (6 ) Total 51 63 The Group has exposures to shortfalls in respect of certain property leases for periods up to 2024. Provisions are recognised for net liabilities expected to arise on the exposures relating to non-rent costs on these properties. At 31 December 2018, provisions are included within current and non-current liabilities as follows: 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Current liabilities 15 12 Non-current liabilities 36 51 Total 51 63

Share capital, share premium an

Share capital, share premium and shares held in treasury	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Classes Of Share Capital [Abstract]
Share capital, share premium and shares held in treasury	25 Share capital, share premium and shares held in treasury Accounting policy Shares of RELX PLC that are repurchased by the respective company and not cancelled are classified as shares held in treasury. The consideration paid, including directly attributable costs, is recognised as a deduction from equity. Shares of RELX PLC that are purchased by the Employee Benefit Trust are also classified as shares held in treasury, with the cost recognised as a deduction from equity. RELX PLC CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL – ISSUED AND FULLY PAID No. of shares 2018 £m No. of shares 2017 £m At start of year 1,123,682,106 162 1,144,122,623 165 Issue of ordinary shares 1,580,885 – 2,019,483 – Issue of ordinary shares in exchange for RELX NV shares 930,780,110 134 Cancellation of shares (45,000,000 ) (6 ) (22,460,000 ) (3 ) At end of year 2,011,043,101 290 1,123,682,106 162 RELX NV CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL – ISSUED AND FULLY PAID No. of shares 2018 €m No. of shares 2017 €m At start of year 999,961,098 70 1,019,893,404 71 Issue of ordinary shares 888,128 2,067,694 – Cancellation of shares — (22,000,000 ) (1 ) Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification (930,780,110 ) (65 ) — – Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification (70,069,116 ) (5 ) — – At end of year – – 999,961,098 70 NUMBER OF ORDINARY SHARES Year ended 31 December Shares in issue (millions) Treasury shares (millions) 2018 Shares in issue net of treasury shares (millions) 2017 Shares in issue net of treasury shares (millions) RELX PLC At start of year 1,123.6 (63.5 ) 1,060.1 1,080.5 Issue of ordinary shares 1.6 — 1.6 2.0 Issue of ordinary shares in exchange for RELX NV shares 930.8 (3.5 ) 927.3 – Repurchase of ordinary shares — (26.9 ) (26.9 ) (23.1 ) Net (purchase)/release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust — (0.2 ) (0.2 ) 0.7 Cancellation of shares (45.0 ) 45.0 — – At end of year 2,011.0 (49.1 ) 1,961.9 1,060.1 RELX NV At start of year 1,000.0 (56.4 ) 943.6 962.2 Issue of ordinary shares 0.9 — 0.9 2.1 Repurchase of ordinary shares — (17.5 ) (17.5 ) (21.4 ) Net release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust — 0.3 0.3 0.7 Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification (930.8 ) 3.5 (927.3 ) – Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification (70.1 ) 70.1 — – At end of year — — — 943.6 At end of year 2,011.0 (49.1 ) 1,961.9 2,003.7 During the year, RELX PLC repurchased 26.9m (2017: 23.1m; 2016: 29.2m) RELX PLC ordinary shares for an average price of 1,578p; these shares are held in treasury. On completion of the corporate simplification RELX NV shares were cancelled and replaced with RELX PLC shares. This amounted to 930,780,110 RELX NV shares being cancelled and the same number of RELX PLC shares issued in exchange. The RELX NV treasury shares were cancelled as part of the simplification. Prior to the corporate simplification, RELX NV repurchased 17.5m (2017: 21.4m; 2016: 26.1m) of RELX NV ordinary shares for an average price of €17.73. These shares were held in treasury until their cancellation. The total consideration for RELX PLC and RELX NV repurchases was £700m (2017: £700m; 2016: £700m). The Employee Benefit Trust purchases RELX PLC shares which, at the trustees’ discretion, can be used in respect of the exercise of share options and to meet commitments under conditional share awards. During the year, the Employee Benefit Trust purchased 2.9m RELX PLC shares for a total cost of £43m (2017: £39m; 2016: £29m). At 31 December 2018, shares held by the Employee Benefit Trust were £90m (2017: £82m; 2016: £81m) at cost. The issue of ordinary shares in the year relates to the exercise of share options. Details of share option and conditional share schemes are set out in note 7 on page 137. All of the RELX PLC ordinary shares rank equally with respect to voting rights and rights to receive dividends, except for shares held in treasury, which do not attract voting or dividend rights. There are no restrictions on the rights to transfer shares. At 31 December 2018, RELX PLC shares held in treasury related to 7,130,366 (2017: 3,493,817; 2016: 4,229,442) RELX PLC ordinary shares held by the Employee Benefit Trust; and 42,023,020 (2017: 60,077,786; 2016: 59,415,287) .During December 2018, 45m (2017: 22.5m; 2016: £33.7m) RELX PLC ordinary shares held in treasury were cancelled. On 7 December 2018, RELX PLC announced a non-discretionary programme to repurchase further ordinary shares up to the value of £100m. At 31 December 2018, an accrual of £100m was recognised in respect of this non-discretionary commitment. A further 6.0m RELX PLC ordinary shares ordinary shares have been repurchased in January and February 2019 under this programme.

Other reserves

Other reserves	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Other Reserves [Abstract]
Other reserves	26 Other reserves Hedge reserve 2018 £m Other reserves 2018 £m Total 2018 £m Restated Total 2017 £m At start of year (3 ) 428 425 (215 ) Profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders – 1,422 1,422 1,648 Dividends paid – (796 ) (796 ) (762 ) Actuarial gains /(losses) on defined benefit pension schemes – (91 ) (91 ) 233 Fair value movements on cash flow hedges (59 ) – (59 ) 137 Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve 17 – 17 25 Tax recognised in other comprehensive income 9 15 24 (89 ) Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax) – 35 35 42 Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses – (227 ) (227 ) 0 Cancellation of shares – 262 262 (566 ) Settlement of share awards – (35 ) (35 ) (37 ) Exchange translation differences – 7 7 9 At end of year (36 ) 1,020 984 425 Other reserves principally comprise retained earnings and the share based remuneration reserve.

Related party transactions

Related party transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Transactions Between Related Parties [Abstract]
Related party transactions	27 Related party transactions Transactions between the RELX PLC and subsidiaries of the Group have been eliminated within the consolidated financial statements. Transactions with joint ventures were made on normal market terms of trading and comprise sales of goods and services of £ 1 0.1 2 0.9 Key management personnel are also related parties as defined by IAS 24 – Related Party Disclosures and comprise the Executive and Non-Executive Directors of RELX PLC. Key management personnel remuneration is set out below. For reporting purposes, salary, benefits and annual incentive payments are considered short-term employee benefits. KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL REMUNERATION 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Salaries, other short-term employee benefits and non-executive fees 7 5 5 Post-employment benefits 1 1 1 Share based remuneration* 7 8 12 Total 15 14 18 EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Salary Benefits Annual incentive Cost of share based remuneration * Cost of pension provision * Total £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Total Executive Directors 2018 1,935 99 3,033 7,003 741 12,811 2017 1,889 101 1,964 8,205 983 13,142 2016 1,843 88 1,881 12,038 1,052 16,902 * The figures for share based awards are calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in the UK Regulations. The figure for performance-related share based awards includes share price appreciation since the date the award was granted. Please see page 87 for further details. The cost of pension provision is calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in the UK Regulations. The amount is reduced by the Directors’ contributions and participation fee for defined benefit schemes and reduced by the payments made to defined contribution schemes or in lieu of pension. NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS 2018 £’000 2017 £’000 2016 £’000 Fees and benefits 1,634 1,396 1,364 The remuneration of non-executive directors comprises fees for services, and benefits primarily relating to tax filing support in respect of filings resulting from their directorships. No deemed benefits were provided during 2018 to former Directors’ (2017: £2,460; 2016: nil). No loans, advances or guarantees have been provided on behalf of any Director. The aggregate gains made by Executive Directors on the exercise of options during 2018 were £ nil

Exchange rates

Exchange rates	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Foreign Exchange Rates [Abstract]
Exchange rates	28 Exchange rates The following exchange rates have been applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements: Income statement Statement of financial position 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 Euro to sterling 1.13 1.14 1.22 1.11 1.12 US dollars to sterling 1.34 1.29 1.36 1.27 1.35

Approval of financial statement

Approval of financial statements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Approval Of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Approval of financial statements	29 Approval of financial statements The consolidated financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Boards of Directors of RELX PLC on 20 February 2019.

Related undertakings

Related undertakings	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Transactions Between Related Parties [Abstract]
Related undertakings	30 Related undertakings A full list of related undertakings (comprising subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and other significant holdings) is set out below. All are 100% owned directly or indirectly by the Group except where percentage ownership denoted in (x%). Company name Share class Reg office Australia Adaptris Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS1 ELsevier (Australia) Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS3 Fair Events Pty Ltd (49%) Ordinary AUS4 Fitness Show Pty Ltd (80%) Ordinary AUS6 Reed Business Information (Australia) Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS1 Reed Exhibitions Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS3 Reed Oz Comic-Con Pty Ltd (80%) Ordinary AUS2 RELX Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 SST Software Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS7 Symbiotic Technologies Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS8 Symbiotic Technologies Operation Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS8 Threat Metrix Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS8 Austria Expoxx Messebau GmbH Registered Capital AUT1 LexisNexis Verlag ARD ORAC GmbH &Co KG Registered Capital AUT2 ORAC Gesellschaft m.b.H. Registered Capital AUT2 Reed CEE GmbH Registered Capital AUT1 Reed Messe Salzburg GmbH Registered Capital AUT3 Reed Messe Wien GmbH Registered Capital AUT1 RELX Austria GmbH Registered Capital AUT3 System Stand Bau GmbH Registered Capital AUT4 Belgium LexisNexis BVBA Ordinary BEL1 First 4 Farming Europe NV Ordinary BEL2 Brazil Elsevier Editora Ltda Quotas BRA1 Fircosoft Brazil Consultoriae Servicos de lnformatica Ltda Ordinary BRA2 LexisNexis Informa ç Quotas shares BRA3 Lexis Nexis Servi ç Quotas shares BRA3 MLex Brasil Midia Mercadoligica Ltda (91%) Quotas BRA4 Reed Exhibitions Alcântara Machado Ltda Quotas shares BRA3 SST Software do Brasil Ltda Ordinary BRA5 Canada LexisNexis Canada Inc Class A ordinary CAN1 RELX Canada Ltd Unlimited Class A, CAN3 Unlimited Class B, Unlimited Class C, Unlimited Class D, Unlimited Class E, Unlimited Class F, Unlimited Class G, Unlimited Class H Science-Metrix lnc Class A common shares Class B common shares Class A preferred shares Class B preferred shares Class C preferred shares Class D preferred shares CAN4 ThreatMetrix (Canada) Inc Common shares CAN2 China Beijing Bakery China Exhibitions Co., Ltd (25%) Registered Capital CHN1 Beijing Medtime Elsevier Education Technology Co., Ltd (49%) Registered Capital CHN2 Beijing Reed Elsevier Science and Technology Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN3 Beijing Reed Guanghe Exhibition Co., Ltd (80%) Registered Capital CHN4 C-One Energy Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN6 Genilex Information Technology Co., Ltd (40%) Registered Capital CHN7 ICIS Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN8 KeAi Communications Co., Ltd (49%) Registered Capital CHN9 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Shanghai) Information Technologies Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN10 MLex Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd (91%) Registered Capital CHN11 Reed Business Information (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Registered Captial CHN20 Reed Elsevier Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN3 Reed Exhibitions (China) Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN4 Reed Exhibitions Henjin Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN19 Reed Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN12 Reed Hongda Exhibitions (Henan) Co., Ltd (51%) Registered Capital CHN13 Reed Huabai Exhibitions (Beijing) Co., Ltd (51%) Registered Capital CHN4 Reed Huabo Exhibitions (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd (65%) Registered Capital CHN14 Share Reg Company name class office Reed Huaqun ExhibitionsCo., Ltd (52%) Registered Capital CHN4 Reed Kuozhan Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (60%) Registered Capital CHN12 Reed Sinopharm ExhibitionsCo., Ltd (50%) Registered Capital CHN4 RELX (China) Investment Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN15 Shanghai Datong Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN17 Shanghai SinoReal Exhibitions Co., Ltd (27.5%) Registered Capital CHN18 Colombia LexisNexis Risk Solutions S.A.S. Ordinary COL1 Denmark Elsevier A/S Ordinary DNK1 Reed Elsevier Denmark ApS Ordinary DNK1 Dubai, UAE Reed Exhibitions Free Zone-LLC Ordinary UAE1 RELX Middle East FZ-LLC Ordinary UAE2 Egypt Elsevier Egypt LLC Ordinary EGY1 France Elsevier HoIding France SAS Registered Capital FRA1 Elsevier Masson SAS Registered Capital FRA1 Evoluprint SAS Ordinary FRA2 Fircosoft SAS Ordinary FRA3 Gie Edi-Data (83%) Ordinary FRA4 Gie Juris-Data Ordinary FRA4 GIE PRK- Publicite Robert Krier Registered capital FRA5 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions S.A. Ordinary FRA4 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions Holding S.A. Ordinary FRA6 LexisNexis International Development Services S. A. Ordinary FRA4 LexisNexis SA Ordinary FRA4 Reed Exhibitions ISG SARL Registered capital FRA7 Reed Expositions France SAS Ordinary FRA5 Reed Midem SAS Registered capital FRA7 Reed Organisation SAS Ordinary FRA5 RELX France S.A. Registered capital FRA7 SAFI SA (50%) Ordinary FRA8 Germany Aries Medical Knowledge GmbH & Co KG Registered Capital DEU9 Aries Medical Knowledge Verwaltungsgesellschaft GmbH Registered Capital DEU9 ElsevierGmbH Registered Capital DEU3 Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Registered Capital DEU3 LexisNexis GmbH Registered Capital DEU5 Patent Sight GmbH Registered Capital DEU8 REC Publications GmbH Registered Capital DEU1 Reed Exhibitions (Germany) GmbH Registered Capital DEU1 Reed Exhibitions Deutschland GmbH Registered Capital DEU1 Reed Travel Group (Germany) GmbH Ordinary DEU6 RELX Deutschland GmbH Registered Capital DEU1 Tschach Solutions GmbH Ordinary DEU7 Hong Kong Ascend China Holding Ltd Ordinary HNK1 Reed Business Information (China) Ltd Ordinary HNK2 JC Exhibition and Promotion Ltd (65%) Ordinary HNK1 JYLN Sager Ltd (40%) Ordinary HNK5 MLex Asia Ltd(91%) Ordinary HNK6 Reed Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary HNK5 RELX (Greater China) Ltd Ordinary HNK7 India Comic Con India Private Ltd (36%) Ordinary IND2 FircoSoft India Private Ltd Ordinary IND3 Reed ELsevier Publishing (India) Pvt Ltd Ordinary IND4 Reed Manch Exhibitions Private Ltd (70%) Ordinary IND5 ReedSI Exhibitions Private Ltd (51%) Ordinary IND6 ReedTriune Exhibitions Private Ltd (72%) Ordinary IND7 RELX India Private Ltd Ordinary IND1 Indonesia PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia (70%) Class A IDN2 Class B PT Reed Panorama Exhibitions (50%) Ordinary IDN1 Share Reg Company name class office Ireland Butterworth (Ireland) Ltd Ordinary, A Ordinary IRL2 Elsevier Services Ireland Ltd Ordinary IRL4. LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Ireland) Ltd Ordinary IRL1 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Europe) Ltd Ordinary IRL1 Israel LexisNexis Israel Ltd Ordinary ISR1 Italy Elsevier SRL Registered Capital ITA1 ICIS Italia SRL Ordinary ITA2 Reed Exhibitions ISG Italy SRL Ordinary ITA1 Reed Exhibitions Italia SRL Ordinary ITA3 Japan Ascend Japan KK Ordinary JPN1 Elsevier Japan KK Ordinary JPN2 LexisNexis Japan KK Common Stock JPN3 PatentSight Japan Inc Common Shares JPN6 Reed Exhibitions Japan KK Ordinary JPN4 Reed ISG Japan KK Ordinary JPN5 ThreatMetrix GK Membership Interest JPN7 Korea (South) Elsevier Korea LLC Ordinary K0R1 LexisNexis Legal and Professional Service Korea Ltd Ordinary K0R2 Reed Exhibitions Korea Ltd Ordinary K0R3 Reed Exporum Ltd (60%) Ordinary K0R4 Reed K. Fairs Ltd (70%) Ordinary K0R3 Luxembourg FIRCOSOFT Luxembourg S à Ordinary LUX1 Malaysia LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn Bhd Ordinary MYS1 Reed Exhibitions Sdn Bhd Ordinary MYS1 Mexico Masson -Doyma Mexico, S.A. Ordinary MEX1 Reed Exhibitions Mexico S.A. de C.V. Ordinary MEX2 Morocco Reed Exhibitions Morocco SARL Ordinary MAR1 New Zealand LexisNexis NZ Ltd Ordinary NZL1 Philippines Reed Elsevier Shared Services (Philippines) Inc. Ordinary PHL1 Poland Elsevier sp.z.o.o. Ordinary POL1 Russia Ecwatech Company ZAO Ordinary RUS1 LexisNexis OOO Registered Capital RUS2 Real Estate Events Direct OOO (80%) Registered Capital RUS3 RELX OOO Registered Capital RUS2 Saudi Arabia Reed Sunaidi Exhibitions (50%) Ordinary SAU1 Singapore Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP1 F4F Agriculture (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP2 Lexis- Nexis Philippines Pte Ltd (75%) Preference shares SGP3 Reed Business Information Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP4 RE (HAPL) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP1 RELX (Singapore) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP3 SAFI Asia Pte Ltd (50%) Ordinary SGP4 ThreatMetrixPTE Ltd Ordinary SGP5 South Africa Fircosoft South Africa (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF1 Globalrange SA (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF2 Korbitec (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 LegalPerfectTSoftware Solutions (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 LexisNexis Academic (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 LexisNexis (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 LexisNexis Risk Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 Property Payment Exchange (SA) (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 Company name Share class Reg office RELX (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF3 Reed Exhibitions (Pty) Ltd (90%) A-shares ZAF4 Reed Events Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) A-shares ZAF4 Reed Exhibitions Group (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF4 Reed Venue Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) A-shares ZAF4 Winsearch Services (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 Spain Elsevier Espana, S.L. Participations ESP1 Switzerland Elsevier Finance SA Ordinary CHE1 Fircosoft Schweiz GmbH Ordinary CHE2 RELX Risks SA Ordinary CHE1 RELX Swiss Holdings SA Ordinary CHE1 Taiwan Elsevier Taiwan LLC Registered Capital TWN1 Thailand Reed Holding (ThaiLand) Co., Ltd Ordinary THA2 Reed Tradex Company Ltd (49%) Preference shares THAI The Netherlands AGRM Solutions C.V. Partnership Interest NLD1 Elsevier B.V. Ordinary NLD1 Elsevier Employment Services B.V. Ordinary NLD1 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions B.V. Ordinary NLD1 LexisNexis Univentio B.V. Ordinary NLD2 Misset Uitgeverij B.V. (49%) Ordinary NLD4 One Business B.V. Registered Capital NLD5 Reed Business B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Finance B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Holdings B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX NederLand B.V. E Shares / RE Shares NLD1 RELX Overseas B.V. E Shares / RE Shares NLD1 RELX US Holdings (Amsterdam) B.V. Ordinary NLD1 ThreatMetrix BV Ordinary NLD3 Turkey Elsevier STM Bilgi Hizmetleri Limited Șirketi Ordinary TUR1 Reed Tüyap Fuarcilik A.Ș.(50%) A-shares / B-shares TUR2 United Kingdom Adaptris Group Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Adaptris Ltd Ordinary GBR2 BradfieId Brett Holdings Ltd 71/2% Preferred GBR1 Butterworth & Co. (Overseas) Ltd Income, Ordinary Ordinary GBR1 Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd 4.5% Cum. GBR1 Butterworths Ltd Preference, 'A' Ordinary, ‘B’ Ordinary Ordinary GBR5 Cordery Compliance Ltd (72%) Ordinary GBR5 Cordery Ltd (72%) Ordinary GBR5 Crediva Ltd Ordinary GBR6 Dew Events Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Digital Foundry Network (50%) Ordinary GBR4 Drayton Legal Recoveries Ltd Ordinary GBR7 E & P Events LLP (50%) No Shares GBR4 Elsevier Ltd Ordinary GBR8 Elsevier Life Sciences IP Ltd Ordinary GBR8 Formpart (EPS) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Formpart (HPL) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Gamer Edition Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Gamer Events Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Gamer Network Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Gamermania Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Hallplaza Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Imbibe Media Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Indicium Financial Ltd Ordinary GBR10 Information Handling Ltd (85%) Ordinary GBR1 Insurance Initiatives Ltd Ordinary GBR10 Legend Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary GBR4 LexisNexis Risk Solutions UK Ltd Ordinary GBR11 MCM Central Ltd Ordinary GBR2 MCM Expo Ltd Ordinary GBR2 MCM Stategy Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Mendeley Ltd Ordinary GBR8 MLex Ltd (91%) A Ordinary Shares, GBR5 Ordinary Moreover Technologies Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Mosby International Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Newsflo Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Company name Share class Reg office NLife Ltd (23.5%) Ordinary GBR14 Offshore Europe (Management) Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Offshore Europe Partnership (50%) Partnership Interest GBR4 Out There Gaming Ltd (70%) Ordinary GBR4 Oxford Spires Management Co; Ltd (55%) Ordinary GBR12 Peopletracer Ltd Ordinary GBR6 Prean Holdings Ltd Deferred, Ordinary GBR1 RE Directors (No.1) Limited Ordinary GBR1 RE Directors (No.2) Limited Ordinary GBR1 RE (SOE) Ltd Ordinary GBR4 RE Secretaries Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed All-Energy Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Reed Business Information (Holdings) Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Reed Business Information Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Reed Consumer Books Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Elsevier (UIG) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Elsevier Pension Trustee Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Events Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Reed Exhibitions Ltd Deferred, Ordinary GBR4 Reed Midem Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Reed Nominees Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Overseas Corporation Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Publishing Corporation Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX (Holdings) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX (Investments) plc Ordinary GBR1 RELX (UK) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX Finance Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX Group plc Ordinary GBR1 'R' Ordinary RELX Overseas Holdings Ltd Ordinary, GBR1 REV Venture Partners Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RPS Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Symbiotic Technologies Operations Ltd Ordinary GBR15 Tracesmart Group Ltd Ordinary GBR6 Tracesmart Ltd Ordinary GBR6 VG247 Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Wunelli Ltd Ordinary GBR13 United States Accuity Asset Verification Services Inc Common Stock USA1 Accuity Inc Common Stock USA1 Aries Systems Corporation Common USA3 Ordinary Derman, Inc Common Stock USA4 Dunlap-Hanna Publishers (50%) Partnership Interest USA8 Elsevier Inc Common Stock USA3 Elsevier Holdings Inc Common Stock USA3 Elsevier Medical Information LLC Membership Interest USA3 Elsevier STM Inc Common Stock USA3 Enclarity, lnc Common Stock USA2 ExitCare LLC Membership Interest USA3 Flightstats, Inc Common Stock USA5 Gamer Network lnc. Common Stock USA3 Gaming Business Asia LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 Health Market Science, Inc Common Stock USA2 IDG-RBI China Publishers LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 Intelligize, Inc Common Stock USA3 Knovel Corporation Common Stock USA3 Lex Machina lnc Common Stock USA3 LexisNexis Claims Solutions Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Coplogic Solutions Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis of Puerto Rico Inc Common Stock USA10 LexisNexis Risk Assets Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Data Management Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Holdings Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Solutions Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Special Services Inc Common Stock USA6 LexisNexis Rule of Law Foundation Non stock USA10 corporation LexisNexis VitalChek Network Inc Common Stock USA2 Managed Technology Services LLC (51%) Membership Interest USA9 Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. Common Stock USA3 MLex US, Inc (91%) Common Stock USA3 PoliceReports.US, LLC Membership Interest USA2 Portfolio Media, Inc Common Stock USA3 Reed Business Information Inc Common Stock USA5 Reed Technology and Information Services Inc. Common Stock USA3 RELX Capital lnc Common Stock USA4 RELX Inc Common Stock USA3 RELXUS Holdings Inc Common Stock USA3 Reman, Inc Common Stock USA3 REVIV Partnership LP No shares USA4 SAFI Americas LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 Science-Metrix Corporation Common Stock USA3 Symbiotic Technologies Operations Inc. Common USA2 The Elsevier Foundation No Shares USA3 Share Reg Company name class office The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2005 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2006 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2008 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2009 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2010 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2011 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2012 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2013 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Remick Publishers (50%) Partnership Interest USA8 ThreatMetrix, lnc. Common USA2 Ordinary World Compliance, Inc Common Stock USA4 Vietnam Reed TradexVietnam LLC (49%) Ordinary VIE1 Registered offices Australia AUS1: Building B, Level 2, Unit 11,1 Maitland Place, Baulkham Hills NSW 2153, Australia AUS2: Level 10, 10 Help Street, Chatswood NSW 2067, Australia AUS3: 'Tower 2' Level 10, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067 AUS4: Grant Thornton, Level 17, 393 Kent St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia AUS5: KPMG, 147 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vic, 3000 AUS6: Fordham Business Advisors Pty Ltd, Rialto South Tower Level 35, 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vic, 3000 AUS7: Level 1, 439 Gympie Road, Strathpine, QLD 4500 AUS8: 1303, 799 Pacific Highway, Chatswood, NSW 2067 Austria AUT1: Messeplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Austria AUT2: Marxergasse 25,1030, Wien, Austria AUT3: Am Messezentrum 6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria Belgium BEL1: Grotesteenweg-Zuid 39, 9052 Gent, Belgium BEL2: Leernseteenweg 128 Box E, 9800 Deinze, Belgium BEL3: 67 rue de La Loi, 1040 Etterbeek, Belgium Brazil BRA1: Rua Sete de Setembro, n°111, salas 601,1501/1502, 1601/1602, 1701/1702 e 802-8° Andar, Centro, cidade do Rio de Janeiro, estado do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20.050-006 BRA2: São Paulo, State of São Paulo, at Rua Bela Cintra, n°1.200, 8th floor, CEP 01415-002 BRA3: Rua Bela Cintra no. 1200,10th floor, Sâo Paulo, 01415-001, Brazil BRA4: Avenida paulista, 2300-Piso Pilotis room 28, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01310-300 BRA5: Rua Cel Fonseca, 203 A-Centro, Botucatu, SP, 18600-200 Canada CAN1: 123 Commerce Valley Drive East, Suite 700, Markham, Ontario, L3T7W8, Canada CAN2: 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 1C3, Canada CAN3: 555 Rlichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V3B1 CAN4: 26E-1501 av. McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, H3A3N9, Canada China CHN1: Zhongkun Building, Room 612, Gaoliangqiaoxie Street, No. 59, Haidan District, Beijing, 100044, China CHN2: West Building of Administration Building, Xueyuan Road No. 38 Peking University Health Science Center, Haidan District, Beijing, 100191, China CHN3: Oriental Plaza, No. 1 East Chang An Ave,Tower W1, 7th Floor, Unit 1-7, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100738, China CHN4: Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504,15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China CHN5: 4/F Block C, No 999 Jingzhong Road, Changning District, Shanghai, China CHN6: 9/F, No 3 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China CHN7: Unit 2480, Building 2, No. 7, Chuangxin Road, Science Park of Changping District, Beijing, China CHN8: Room 12B, 7th Floor, Oriental Plaza, 1 East Chang An Avenue, Beijing, China CHN9: 16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing, 100717, China CHN10: Room 5106, Raffle City, 268 Middle Xizang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001, China CHN11: Room A 100 of Room 0307, Floor 3, Building 3, 7 Middle Dongsanhuan road, Chaoyang District, Beijing CHN12: lntercontinental Center, 42F, 100 Yutong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, 200070, China CHN13: World Expo Mansion, 14F, No. 04-05, No. 8 Business Out Ring Road, Zhengzou New District, Zhengzou, 450000, China CHN14: Shenzhen International Chamber of Commerce Tower, Room 1801-1802,1805, Fuhua 3rd Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518048, China CHN15: Room 319, 238 Jiangchangsan Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China CHN16: Room 702-2,200 Huiyuan Road, Jiading Industrial Area,Shanghai CHN17: No 498, GouShouJing Road, Building 6 Unit 12502-505, Shanghai, Pudong New District, 201203, China CHN18: Building 2, Room No. 3895, Changjiang Avenue, No. 161, Changliang Farm, Chongming County, Shanghai Municipality CHN19: FL2, No.979, Yunhan Road, Nicheng Town, Pudong NewArea CHN20: 4/F Block C, No999 Jingzhong Road,Changning District, Shanghai, China Colombia COL1: Philippe Prietocarrizosa & Uria Abogados, Carrera 9 No. 74-08 Oficina 105, Bogotá, d.c., 76600, Colombia Denmark DNK1 : Niels Jernes Vej 10,9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark Dubai, UAE UAE1: Office No. 328, Building 02, third floor, P.O. Box 502425, Dubai, United Arab Emirates UAE2: Al Sufouh Complex, Floor 3, No. 304, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Egypt EGY1: Land Mark Office BuiIding, 2nd Floor, 90th Street, City Center, 5th Settlement, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt Registered offices France FRA1: 65, rue Camille Desmoulins, 92130, Issyles Moulineaux, France FRA2: Parc Euronord- 10, rue du Parc- 31150 Bruguieres FRA3: 247 rue de Bercy 75012 Paris FRA4: 141 rue de Javel,75015 Paris FRA5: 52 Quai de Dion Bouton 92800 Puteaux FRA6: lmmeuble «Technopolis», 350 rue Georges Besse-Nîmes (30000) FRA7: 27 quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France FRA8: 6-8 Rue Chaptal, 75009 Paris Germany DEU1: Völklinger Strasse 4,40219, Düsseldorf, Germany DEU3: Theodor-Heuss-Allee 108, D-60488, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany DEU4: Hackerbrücke 6,80335, Munich, Germany DEU5: Heerdter Sandberg 30, 40549, Düsseldorf, Germany DEU6: Schwannstr. 6, 40476 Düsseldorf DEU7: Steinhäuserstrasse 9, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany DEU8: Joseph-Schumpeter-Allee 33,53227, Bonn DEU9: Hauptstrasse 47, 40764, Lagenfeld Hong Kong HNK1: 20/F Alexandra House, 18 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong HNK2: Level 28, Building 8, 3 Pacific Place, 1 Queens Road East, HONG KONG, Hong Kong HNK3: Unit 204 2/F, Malaysia Bldg., 50 Gloucester Rd, Wanchai, Hong Kong HNK4: Level 54 Hopewell Center, 183 Queens Road East (Tricor Office), Hong Kong HNK5: Flat 2,19/F Henan Building 90-92, Jaffe Road Wanchai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong HNK6: 703 Silvercord, Tower 2, 30 Canton Road, Tsimshatsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong HNK7: 3901,39th Floor Hopewell Center, 183 Queens Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong India IND1: 818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Builing, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India IND2: B9/5 Vasant Vihar, New Delhi, 110057, India IND3: n°664 Level 6 – Chennai Regus- Citi Centre – 10/11 Dr Radhakrishnan Salai, Mylapore – Chennai 600004 IND4: 18, Kotla Lane, Rouse Avenue, New Delhi, 110002, India IND5: B-15/192, Pharma Apartments, Patparganj, I.P. Extension, New Delhi, 110092, India IND6: B-9, "A" Block, LSC, Naraina Vihar, Ring Road, New Delhi, 110028, India IND7: #25, 3rd floor, 8th Main Road, Vasanthnager, Bangalore, 560052, India Indonesia IDN1: Panorama Building, 5th Floor, Jalan Tomang Raya No. 63, Jakarta, 11440, Indonesia IDN2: Menara Citicon LeveL8. Unit 8011 & 8012 JL. Letjen S. Parman No. 8 Kav 72 Slipi Palmerah Jakarta Barat 11410 Indonesia Ireland IRL1: 80 Harcourt Street, Dublin 2, Ireland IRL2: Arthur Cox Building, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland IRL3: (A&L Goodbody Secretarial Services), 25/28 North Wall Quay, Dublin 1, D01 H104, Ireland IRL4: Suite 4320, Atlantic Avenue, Westpark Business Campus, Shannon, Clare, Ireland Israel ISR1: Meitar, attorneys at Law, 16 Abba Hillel Road, Ramat Gan, 5250608, Israel Italy ITA1: Via Marostica 1,20146, Milan, Italy ITA2: Studio Colombo e Associati, Via Cino del Duca 5,20122, Milano, Italy ITA3: Milano (Ml) Via Marostica 1 cap 20146 Japan JPN1: Kyodo Tsushin Kaikam 2F, 2-2-5 Toronomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001 JPN2: Ark Mori Building, 1-12-32 Akasaka, Minato-ku,Tokyo, 107-6029, Japan JPN3: 1-9-15, Higashi Azabu, Minato-ku Tokyo Japan JPN4: Shinjuku-Nomura Bldg., 1-26-2 Nishi-shinjuku,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan JPN5: 13-12 Rokubancho, Chiyoda-ku.Tokyo. Japan JPN6: 7F Cross Office Uchisaiwaicho. 1-18-6 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku.Tokyo JPN7: 2-6, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo Korea (South) KOR1: Chunwoo Building, 4th floor, 534 ltaewon-dong,Yongsan-gu,Seoel, 140-861, Korea, Republic of KOR2: 206 Noksapyeong-daero,Yongsan-gu, Seoel, Korea, Republic of KOR3: "Room 4401, Trade Tower, 159-1, Samseong-dong, Gangnam-gu Seoul, 135-729, Republic of Korea" KOR4: 1324 B Lock A Tera Tower 11,201, Songpa-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05854 Luxembourg LUX1: Bloc B 19-21, Route d’Arlon, L-8009 Strassen, Luxembourg Registered offices Malaysia MYS1: 6th Floor, Akademi Etiqa, No. 23 JaLan Melaka, 50100 KuaLa Lumpur, Malaysia Mexico MEX1: Insurgentes Sur # 1388 Piso 8, Col. Actipan, Deleg. Benito Juarez, C.P. 03230 Ciudad de México, México MEX2: Av. Insurgentes No. 1388, Piso 8, Col. Actipan, 03230 Mexico, Mexico Morocco MAR1: Forum Bab Abdelaziz au 62, Angle Blvd. d’Anfa, 6éme etage, Apt 61, Casablanca, Morocco New Zealand NZL1: Level 1,138 The Terrace, P.O. Box 472, Wellington 6011, New Zealand Philippines PHL1: Building H, 2nd Floor, U.P. Ayalaland TechnoHub, Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila, 1101, Philippines Poland POL1: Natpoll Building, ul. Migdalowa 4/59,02-796, Warsaw, Poland Russia RUS1: Pokrovka Street 27, Building 1, Moscow, Russian Federation RUS2: 24 Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str., bldg. 5, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation RUS3: Petrozavodskaya street 28/4, Building VI, room 2,125475, Moscow, Russian Federation Saudi Arabia SAU1: Al Fadl Commercial Center, Jeddah, 21411, Saudi Arabia Singapore SGP1: 3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House 1, Singapore, 239119, Singapore SGP2: 16 Raffles Quay, #33-03 Hong Leong Building,Singapore, 048581,Singapore SGP3: 80 Robinson Road, #02-00, Singapore, 068898, Singapore SGP4: 1 Changi Business Park Crescent, #06-01 PLaza 8 & CBP, Singapore, 48602551, Singapore SGP5: 8 Robinson Road #03-00ASO Building Singapore 048544 South Africa ZAF1: Regus Brooklyn Bridge, 3rd Floor Steven House, Brooklyn Bridge Office Park, Fehrsen Street, Brooklyn, Pretoria ZAF2: Fourways Gold Park, 1st Floor - Wentworth Building, 32 Roos Street, Fourways, 2191, South Africa ZAF3: 215 Peter Mokaba Road (North Ridge Road), Morningside, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 4001, South Africa ZAF4: Thebe House,2nd Floor, 166 Jan Smuts Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa ZAF5: 14 Hertzog Street, Oranjeville, 9415 Spain ESP1: C/ Josep Tarradellas 20-30,1°/20029, Barcelona, Spain ESP2: Calle Zancoeta 0009,48013, Bilbao, Viscaya, Spain Switzerland CHE1: Espace de L’Europe 3,2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland CHE2: Bahnhofstrasse 100-8001 Zurich Taiwan TWN1: Suite N-818,8/F, Chia Hsin Cement Building, 96 Zhong Shan North Road, Section 2, Taipei. 10449. Taiwan Thailand THA1: Sathorn Nakorn Building, Floor 32, No. 100/68-69 North Sathon Road.Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok, 10500,Thailand THA2: 540 Mercury Tower, 22nd Floor, Ploenchit Road, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 The Netherlands NLD1: Radarweg 29,1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands NLD2: Galileiweg 8,2333 BD Leiden, Netherlands NLD3: Evertvan de Beekstraat 1 The Base 3/F, 1118CL Schiphol NLD4: Prins Hendrikstraat 17,7001GK Doetinchem NLD5: Spaklerweg 53,1114AE Amsterdam-Duivendrecht Turkey TUR1: Maslak Mah. Bilim Sokak Sun Plaza Kat:13Șișli-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey TUR2: Tüyap Fuarve Kongre Merkezi,E-5Karayolu Üzeri. GürpinarKavșağı 34500, Büyük9ekmece, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey Registered offices United GBR1: 1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom GBR2: Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom GBR3: AG Gateway Global Network, 85 Great Portland Street, First Floor, London, W1W7LT, United Kingdom GBR4: Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom GBR5: Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A4 HH, United Kingdom GBR6: Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom GBR7: The Eye, 1 Procter Street, London, WC1V6EU, United Kingdom GBR8: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom GBR9: c/o RELX (UK) Limited, Butterworths Limited, 4 Hill Street, Edinburgh, EH23JZ, Scotland GBR10: 35 – 37 St. Marys Gate, Nottingham, United Kingdom, NG1 1PU GBR11: 1st Floor 80 Moorbridge Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, London, SL8 8BW, United Kingdom GBR12: 40 Kimbolton Road, Bedford, England, MK40 2NR GBR13: 1000 Lakeside, Western Road, Portsmouth, P06 3EN, United Kingdom GBR14: Unit 18-19 Loughborough Technology Centre, Epinal Way, Loughborough, England, LE11 3GE GBR15: 1st Floor 80 Moorbridge Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 8BW United States USA1: 1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201 USA2: 1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005 USA3: 230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169 USA4: 1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA5: 3355 West Alabama Street, Houston, TX 77098 USA6: Puerta Del Condado #1095, Wilson Ave, Local # 3,San Juan, PR 00907 USA7: N909 N. Sepulveda Blvd., 11th Floor, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA8: 313 Washington Street, Suite 400, Newton, MA 02458 USA9: 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA10: 9443 Springboro Pike, Miamisburg,OH 45342 Vietnam VIE1: 78 Nguyen Bieu, Ward 1, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City

Basis of preparation and acco_2

Basis of preparation and accounting policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of preparation	Basis of preparation The shares of RELX PLC are traded on the London, Amsterdam and New York stock exchanges. RELX PLC and its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are together known as ‘RELX’. Up until the corporate simplification, consolidated accounts were prepared on the basis that all shareholders were regarded as having interests in a single economic entity, and as such the dual parent Group formed a single reporting entity for the presentation of onsolidated financial statements. The corporate simplification as described on page 72 therefore has had no impact on the basis of preparation of the consolidated financial statements. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, subsidiaries are accounted for under the acquisition method and investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method. All intra-group transactions and balances are eliminated. On acquisition of a subsidiary, or interest in an associate or joint venture, fair values, reflecting conditions at the date of acquisition, are attributed to the net assets, including identifiable intangible assets acquired. Adjustments are made to bring accounting policies into line with those of the Group. The results of subsidiaries sold or acquired are included in the consolidated financial statements up to or from the date that control passes from or to the Group. Non-controlling interests in the net assets of the Group are identified separately from shareholders’ equity. Non-controlling interests consist of the amount of those interests at the date of the original acquisition and the non-controlling share of changes in equity since the date of acquisition. The Directors of RELX PLC, having made appropriate enquiries, consider that adequate resources exist for the Group to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and that, therefore, it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018.
Accounting policies	Accounting policies The Group’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union and as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The accounting policies under IFRS are included in the relevant notes to the consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies below are applied throughout the financial statements and are unchanged from those applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2017 and 2016, with the exception of policies relating to the adoption of IFRS 9 –Financial Instruments, IFRS 15- Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 16-Leases. Accounting policy Shares of RELX PLC that are repurchased by the respective company and not cancelled are classified as shares held in treasury. The consideration paid, including directly attributable costs, is recognised as a deduction from equity. Shares of RELX PLC that are purchased by the Employee Benefit Trust are also classified as shares held in treasury, with the cost recognised as a deduction from equity.
Restatement	Restatement The consolidated financial statements have been restated for the retrospective adoption of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 16 Leases. Each note identifies when comparatives have been restated.
Foreign exchange translation	Foreign exchange translation The consolidated financial statements are presented in sterling. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. At each statement of financial position date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Exchange differences arising are recorded in the income statement other than where hedge accounting applies, as set out on pages 150 155 Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Income and expense items and cash flows of foreign operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Significant individual items of income and expense and cash flows in foreign operations are translated at the rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Exchange differences arising are classified as equity and transferred to the translation reserve. When foreign operations are disposed of, the related cumulative translation differences are recognised within the income statement in the period. The Group uses derivative financial instruments, primarily forward contracts, to hedge its exposure to certain foreign exchange risks. Details of the Group’s accounting policies in respect of derivative financial instruments are set out on page 150
Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty	Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty The most significant accounting policies in determining the financial condition and results of the Group, and those requiring the most subjective or complex judgement, relate to and are included in the following notes: ∎ valuation of goodwill and intangible assets – notes 14 and 15; ∎ capitalisation of development spend – note 15; ∎ taxation – note 9; and ∎ accounting for defined benefit pension schemes – note 6.
Other significant accounting policies	Other significant accounting policies The accounting policy in respect of revenue recognition is also significant in determining the financial condition and results of the Group, although the application of this policy is more straight forward. This policy is included in note 2.
Standards and amendments effective for the year	Standards and amendments effective for the year New accounting standards and amendments effective for the period and adopted by the Group in 2018 are IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments and IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers. IFRS 16 – Leases has also been adopted in the period, a year earlier than its mandatory effective date of 1 January 2019. The impact of the adoption of these standards on the full year 2017 results is as follows: 2016 as reported £m IFRS 9 impact £m IFRS 15 impact £m IFRS 16 impact £m 2016 as restated £m Income statement Revenue 6,895 – (6 ) – 6,889 Reported operating profit 1,708 – (6 ) 6 1,708 Net finance costs (195 ) (2 ) – (16 ) (213 ) Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,161 (2 ) (4 ) (5 ) 1,150 Reported EPS 56.3p (0.1p) (0.2p) (0.2p) 55.8p Statement of financial position Right of use assets 20 – – 306 326 Borrowings (including lease liability) (4,843 ) 17 – (430 ) (5,256 ) Finance lease receivable – – – 63 63 Deferred income (1,941 ) – (67 ) – (2,008 ) 2017 as reported £m IFRS 9 impact £m IFRS 15 impact £m IFRS 16 impact £m 2017 as restated £m Income statement Revenue 7,355 – (14 ) – 7,341 Adjusted operating profit 2,284 – (11 ) 11 2,284 Reported operating profit 1,905 – (11 ) 11 1,905 Net finance costs (182 ) (2 ) – (15 ) (199 ) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,635 (2 ) (9 ) (4 ) 1,620 Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,659 (2 ) (9 ) – 1,648 Adjusted EPS 81.0p (0.1p) (0.5p) (0.2p) 80.2p Reported EPS 82.2p (0.1p) (0.5p) – 81.6p Statement of financial position Right of use asset 16 – – 271 287 Borrowings (including lease liability) (4,886 ) 14 – (381 ) (5,253 ) Finance lease receivable – – – 57 57 Deferred income (1,834 ) – (76 ) – (1,910 ) IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments IFRS 9 replaces the existing classification and measurement requirements in IAS 39 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. RELX has applied IFRS 9 retrospectively, with the exception of hedge accounting, which has been applied prospectively. The main impact on previously reported numbers results in a reduction to borrowings of £14m as at 31 December 2017 (31 December 2016: reduction of £17m), arising from a retrospective change in the treatment under IFRS 9 of certain debt modifications undertaken in 2012 and 2013. IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers provides a single point of reference for revenue recognition, including guidance in relation to identification of the contract and licensing arrangements. RELX has adopted IFRS 15 on a fully retrospective basis. The main impact of IFRS 15 is a change in the timing of revenue recognition as a result of the guidance on identification and satisfaction of performance obligations under IFRS 15. The impact of IFRS 15 is greater at the half year, but the adoption is not considered overall to have a material impact on the results. The impact on the income statement for the 12 months to 31 December 2017 is a decrease of £11m to both reported and adjusted operating profit (31 December 2016: decrease of £6m to reported operating profit). IFRS 16 – Leases (early adoption and therefore effective for the 2018 financial year) eliminates the distinction between operating and finance leases and requires lessees to recognise all leases with a lease term of greater than 12 months in the statement of financial position. RELX has adopted this standard a year earlier than the mandatory effective date of 1 January 2019. IFRS 16 has been adopted on a fully retrospective basis. The change in accounting standard results in both an asset and liability being brought onto the statement of financial position for the majority of leases where RELX is a lessee. The asset is then depreciated, and interest expense recognised over the life of the lease. The standard also gives guidance on the recognition of subleases, which results in finance sublease receivables being recognised on the balance sheet. As at 31 December 2017, the restated statement of financial position includes additional right-of-use assets of £271m, finance lease receivables of £57m and additional lease liabilities of £381m (31 December 2016: right-of-use assets of £306m, finance lease recieveables of £63m and lease liabilities of £430m). The impact on the income statement for the 12 months to 31 December 2017 is an increase of £11m to both reported and adjusted operating profit (31 December 2016: £6m increase to reported), offset by a net increase to finance costs of £15m (31 December 2016: £16m). After taking into account additional gains from disposals of right-of-use assets, there is no impact on reported net profit. Opening balance sheet adjustment An opening balance sheet adjustment has been made at 1 January 2016 to reflect the impact of adoption on prior years. The adjustment reduces opening retained earnings by £36m. This mainly relates to the recognition of lease expense earlier on in the lease under IFRS 16 and the deferral of revenue into future periods under IFRS 15. Additionally, a number of amendments and interpretations have been issued which are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s accounting policies and reporting.
IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments	IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments IFRS 9 replaces the existing classification and measurement requirements in IAS 39 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. RELX has applied IFRS 9 retrospectively, with the exception of hedge accounting, which has been applied prospectively. The main impact on previously reported numbers results in a reduction to borrowings of £14m as at 31 December 2017 (31 December 2016: reduction of £17m), arising from a retrospective change in the treatment under IFRS 9 of certain debt modifications undertaken in 2012 and 2013. Accounting policy Financial instruments comprise investments (other than investments in joint ventures or associates), trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, payables and accruals, borrowings and derivative financial instruments. Investments (other than investments in joint ventures and associates) are described in note 16. The fair value of such investments is based on standard valuation techniques, including market comparisons and discounts of future cash flows, having regard to maximising the use of observable inputs and adjusting for risk. (These investments are typically classified as either Level 2 or 3 in the IFRS 13 fair value hierarchy). Trade receivables are carried in the statement of financial position at invoiced value less allowance for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Irrecoverable amounts are estimated based on the ageing of trade receivables, experience and circumstance. Borrowings and payables are recorded initially at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost (other than fixed rate borrowings in designated hedging relationships for which the carrying amount of the hedged portion of the borrowings is subsequently adjusted for the gain or loss attributable to the hedged risk). Derivative financial instruments are used to hedge interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Where an effective hedge is in place against changes in the fair value of fixed rate borrowings, the hedged borrowings are adjusted for changes in fair value attributable to the risk being hedged with a corresponding income or expense included in the income statement within finance costs. The offsetting gains or losses from remeasuring the fair value of the related derivatives are also recognised in the income statement with in finance costs. When the related derivative expires, is sold or terminated, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged borrowing is amortised in the income statement over the period to maturity of the borrowing using the effective interest method. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are recognised (net of tax) in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the hedge reserve. With effect from 1January 2018, the fair value amounts relating to foreign currency basis spreads are recorded in a separate component of equity in the cost of hedging reserve. If a hedged firm commitment or forecasted transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or liability, then, at the time that the asset or liability is recognised, the associated gains or losses on the derivative that had previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are included in the initial measurement of the asset or liability. For hedges that do not result in the recognition of an asset or a liability, amounts deferred in the hedge reserve are recognised in the income statement in the same period in which the hedged item affects net profit or loss. Any ineffective portion of hedges is recognised immediately in the income statement. Cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued when a hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. At that time, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in other comprehensive income is either retained in the hedge reserve until the firm commitment or forecasted transaction occurs, or, where a hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, is immediately credited or expensed in the income statement. Derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments are recorded in the statement of financial position at fair value, with changes in fair value recognised in the income statement. The fair values of derivative financial instruments represent the replacement costs calculated using observable market rates of interest and exchange. The fair value of long-term borrowings is calculated by discounting expected future cash flows at observable market rates. (These instruments are accordingly classified as Level 2 in the IFRS 13 fair value hierarchy.)
IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers	IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers provides a single point of reference for revenue recognition, including guidance in relation to identification of the contract and licensing arrangements. RELX has adopted IFRS 15 on a fully retrospective basis. The main impact of IFRS 15 is a change in the timing of revenue recognition as a result of the guidance on identification and satisfaction of performance obligations under IFRS 15. The impact of IFRS 15 is greater at the half year, but the adoption is not considered overall to have a material impact on the results. The impact on the income statement for the 12 months to 31 December 2017 is a decrease of £11m to both reported and adjusted operating profit (31 December 2016: decrease of £6m to reported operating profit).
IFRS 16 – Leases (early adoption and therefore effective for the 2018 financial year)	IFRS 16 – Leases (early adoption and therefore effective for the 2018 financial year) eliminates the distinction between operating and finance leases and requires lessees to recognise all leases with a lease term of greater than 12 months in the statement of financial position. RELX has adopted this standard a year earlier than the mandatory effective date of 1 January 2019. IFRS 16 has been adopted on a fully retrospective basis. The change in accounting standard results in both an asset and liability being brought onto the statement of financial position for the majority of leases where RELX is a lessee. The asset is then depreciated, and interest expense recognised over the life of the lease. The standard also gives guidance on the recognition of subleases, which results in finance sublease receivables being recognised on the balance sheet.
Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective	Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective A number of amendments and interpretations have been issued which are not expected to have any significant impact on the accounting policies and reporting.
Share based remuneration	Accounting policy Share based remuneration The fair value of share based remuneration is determined at the date of grant and recognised as an expense in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, taking account of the estimated number of shares that are expected to vest. Market based performance criteria are taken into account when determining the fair value at the date of grant. Non-market based performance criteria are taken into account when estimating the number of shares expected to vest. The fair value of share based remuneration is determined by use of a binomial or Monte Carlo simulation model as appropriate. All of the Group’s share based remuneration is equity settled.
Inventories accounting policy	Accounting policy Inventories and pre-publication costs are stated at the lower of cost, including appropriate attributable overhead, and estimated net realisable value. Such costs typically comprise direct internal labour costs and externally commissioned editorial and other fees. Pre-publication costs, representing costs incurred in the origination of content prior to publication, are expensed systematically reflecting the expected sales profile over the estimated economic lives of the related products, generally up to five years.
Borrowings accounting policy	Accounting policy Borrowings are recorded initially at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost, other than fixed rate borrowings in designated hedging relationships for which the carrying amount of the hedged portion of the borrowings is subsequently adjusted for the gain or loss attributable to the hedged risk. When the related derivative in such a hedging relationship expires, is sold or terminated, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged borrowing is amortised in the income statement over the period to maturity of the borrowing using the effective interest method.
Segments accounting policy	The Group’s reported segments are based on the internal reporting structure and financial information provided to the Boards. Adjusted operating profit is the key segmental profit measure used by the Group in assessing performance. Adjusted operating profit is reconciled to operating profit on page 131
Revenue accounting policy	Revenue arises from the provision of products and services under contracts with customers. In all cases, revenue is recognised to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, and is recognised when the customer obtains control of the good or service. Revenue is stated at the transaction price, which includes allowance for anticipated discounts and returns and excludes customer sales taxes and other amounts to be collected on behalf of third parties. Where the goods or services promised within a contract are distinct, they are identified as separate performance obligations and are accounted for separately. Where separate performance obligations are identified, total revenue is allocated on the basis of relative stand-alone selling prices or management’s best estimate of relative value where stand-alone selling prices do not exist. Management estimates may include a cost-plus method or comparable product approach, but must be supported by objective evidence. A residual approach may be applied where it is not possible to derive a reliable management estimate for a specific component. ▪ ▪ ▪
Pension accounting policy	Accounting policy The expense of defined benefit pension schemes and other post-retirement employee benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method and charged in the income statement as an operating expense, based on actuarial assumptions reflecting market conditions at the beginning of the financial year. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the statement of comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Past service costs and credits are recognised immediately at the earlier of when plan amendments or curtailments occur and when related restructuring costs or termination benefits are recognised. Settlements are recognised when they occur. Net pension obligations in respect of defined benefit schemes are included in the statement of financial position at the present value of scheme liabilities, less the fair value of scheme assets. Where schemes are in surplus, i.e. assets exceed liabilities, the net pension assets are separately included in the statement of financial position. Any net pension asset is limited to the extent that the asset is recoverable.
Taxation accounting policy	Accounting policy Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax are charged or credited in the income statement except to the extent that the tax arises from a transaction or event which is recognised, in the same or a different period, outside the income statement (either in other comprehensive income, directly in equity, or through a business combination), in which case the tax appears in the same statement as the transaction that gave rise to it. Current tax is the amount of corporate income taxes expected to be payable or recoverable based on the profit for the period as adjusted for items that are not taxable or not deductible, and is calculated using tax rates and laws that were enacted or substantively enacted at the date of the statement of financial position. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. Provisions are established where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Current tax includes amounts provided in respect of uncertain tax positions when management expects that, upon examination of the uncertainty by a tax authority in possession of all relevant knowledge, it is more likely than not that an economic outflow will occur. Changes in facts and circumstances underlying these provisions are reassessed at the date of each statement of financial position, and the provisions are remeasured as required to reflect current information. Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the statement of financial position. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and which are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences but not recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures where the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax liabilities are not recognised on temporary differences that arise from goodwill which is not deductible for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised, and are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised in respect of temporary differences that arise on initial recognition of assets and liabilities acquired other than in a business combination. Deferred tax is not discounted. Critical judgement and key source of estimation uncertainty The Group is subject to tax in numerous jurisdictions, giving rise to complex tax issues that require management to exercise judgement in making tax determinations. As a multinational enterprise, our tax returns in the countries in which we operate are subject to tax authority audits as a matter of routine. While the Group is confident that tax returns are appropriately prepared and filed, amounts are provided in respect of uncertain tax positions that reflect the risk with respect to tax matters under active discussion with tax authorities, or which are otherwise considered to involve uncertainty. Provisions against uncertain tax positions are measured using one of the following methods, depending on which of the methods management expects will better predict the amount it will pay over to the tax authority: ◾ The Single Best Estimate – where there is a single outcome that is more likely than not to occur. This will happen, for example, where the tax outcome is binary (such as whether an entity can deduct an item of expenditure) or the range of possible outcomes is narrow or concentrated on a single value. The most likely outcome may be that no tax is expected to be payable, in which case the provision is nil; or ◾ A Probability-Weighted Expected Value – where, on the balance of probabilities, something will be paid to the tax authority but the possible outcomes are widely dispersed with low individual probabilities (i.e. there is no single outcome more likely than not to occur). In this case, the provision is the sum of the probability-weighted amounts in the range. In assessing provisions against uncertain tax positions, management uses in-house tax experts, professional firms and previous experience to inform the evaluation of risk. However, it remains possible that uncertainties will ultimately be resolved at amounts greater or smaller than the liabilities recorded. In particular, although we report cross-border transactions undertaken between Group subsidiaries on an arm’s-length basis in tax returns in accordance with OECD guidelines, transfer pricing relies on the exercise of judgement and it is frequently possible for there to be a range of legitimate and reasonable views. This means that it is impossible to be certain that the returns basis will be sustained on examination. Discussions with tax authorities relating to cross-border transactions and other matters are ongoing in each of our major trading jurisdictions. Although the timing and amount of final resolution of these uncertain tax positions cannot be reliably predicted, no significant impact on the profitability of the Group is expected in the near term. Estimation of income taxes also includes assessments of the recoverability of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that they are considered recoverable based on existing tax laws and forecasts of future taxable profits against which the underlying tax deductions can be utilised. The recoverability of these assets is reassessed at the end of each reporting period, and changes in recognition of deferred tax assets will affect the tax liability in the period of that reassessment.
Cash flows accounting policy	Accounting policy Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances, call deposits and other short-term highly liquid investments and are held in the statement of financial position at fair value.
Goodwill accounting policy	Accounting policy On the acquisition of a subsidiary or business, the purchase consideration is allocated between the net tangible and intangible assets on a fair value basis, with any excess purchase consideration representing goodwill. Goodwill arising on acquisitions also includes amounts corresponding to deferred tax liabilities recognised in respect of acquired intangible assets. Goodwill is recognised as an asset and reviewed for impairment when there is an indicator that the asset may be impaired and at least annually. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the income statement and not subsequently reversed. On disposal of a subsidiary or business, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss on disposal. At each statement of financial position date, the carrying amounts of tangible and intangible assets and goodwill are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount, which is the higher of value in use and fair value less costs to sell, of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent, if any, of the impairment loss. Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, value in use estimates are made based on the cash flows of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs. Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is any indication that the asset may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is estimated to be less than its net carrying amount, the net carrying amount of the asset or cash generating unit is reduced to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised immediately in the income statement in administration and other expenses. Critical judgement and key source of estimation uncertainty The carrying amounts of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets in each business are reviewed for impairment at least annually. The carrying amounts of all other intangible assets are reviewed where there are indications of possible impairment. An impairment review involves a comparison of the carrying value of the asset with estimated values in use based on the latest management cash flow projections, approved by the Boards. Key areas of judgement in estimating the values in use of businesses are the growth in cash flows over a forecast period of up to five years, the long-term growth rate assumed thereafter and the discount rate applied to the forecast cash flows. A description of the key assumptions and sensitivities is provided below.
Intangible assets accounting policy	Accounting policy Intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination are stated in the statement of financial position at their fair value as at the date of acquisition, less accumulated amortisation. Internally generated intangible assets are stated in the statement of financial position at the directly attributable cost of creation of the asset, less accumulated amortisation. Intangible assets acquired as part of business combinations comprise: market-related assets (e.g. trademarks, imprints, brands); customer-related assets (e.g. subscription bases, customer lists, customer relationships); editorial content; software and systems (e.g. application infrastructure, product delivery platforms, in-process research and development); contract-based assets (e.g. publishing rights, exhibition rights, supply contracts); and other intangible assets. Internally generated intangible assets typically comprise software and systems development where an identifiable asset is created that is probable to generate future economic benefits. Intangible assets, other than journal titles determined to have indefinite lives, are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets with finite lives are as follows: market and customer-related assets – 3 to 40 years; content, software and other acquired intangible assets – 3 to 20 years; and internally developed intangible assets – 3 to 10 years. Journal titles determined to have indefinite lives are not amortised and are subject to impairment review at least annually, including a review of events and circumstances to ensure that they continue to support an indefinite useful life. Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty On acquisition of a subsidiary or business, the purchase consideration is allocated between the net tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill on a fair value basis, with any excess purchase consideration representing goodwill. The valuation of acquired intangible assets represents the estimated economic value in use, using standard valuation methodologies, including as appropriate, discounted cash flow, relief from royalty and comparable market transactions. Acquired intangible assets are capitalised and amortised systematically over their estimated useful lives, subject to impairment review. The assumptions used are subject to management judgement. Appropriate amortisation periods are selected based on assessments of the longevity of the brands and imprints, the strength and stability of customer relationships, the market positions of the acquired assets and the technological and competitive risks that they face. Certain intangible assets in relation to acquired science and medical publishing businesses have been determined to have indefinite lives. The longevity of these assets is evidenced by their long-established and well-regarded journal titles, and their characteristically stable market positions. The assumptions used are subject to management judgement. Development spend encompasses investment in new products and other initiatives, ranging from the building of online delivery platforms, to launch costs of new services, to building new infrastructure and applications. Launch costs and other ongoing operating expenses of new products and services are expensed as incurred. The costs of building product applications, platforms and infrastructure are capitalised as intangible assets, where the investment they represent has demonstrable value and the technical and commercial feasibility is assured. Costs eligible for capitalisation must be incremental, clearly identified and directly attributable to a particular project. The resulting assets are amortised over their estimated useful lives. Impairment reviews are carried out at least annually where indicators of impairment are identified. Judgement is required in the assessment of the potential value of a development project, the identification of costs eligible for capitalisation and the selection of appropriate asset lives.
Investments, other than investments in joint ventures and associates, accounting policy	Accounting policy Investments, other than investments in joint arrangements and associates, are stated in the statement of financial position at fair value. Changes in the fair value of investments held as part of the venture capital portfolio are reported in disposals and other non-operating items in the income statement. All items recognised in the income statement relating to investments, other than investments in joint arrangements and associates, are reported as disposals and other non-operating items. Venture capital investments and equity investments represent interests in unlisted securities. The fair value of unlisted securities is based on management’s estimate of fair value based on standard valuation techniques, including market comparisons and discounts of future cash flows, having regard to maximising the use of observable inputs and adjusting for risk. Advice from valuation experts is used as appropriate.
Investments in joint ventures and associates, accounting policy	All joint arrangements are classified as joint ventures because the Group shares joint control and has rights to the net assets of the arrangements. Investments in joint ventures and associates are accounted for under the equity method and stated in the statement of financial position at cost as adjusted for post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of net assets, less any impairment in value. .
Property, plant and equipment accounting policy	Accounting policy Property, plant and equipment are stated in the statement of financial position at cost less accumulated depreciation. No depreciation is provided on freehold land. Freehold buildings and long leaseholds are depreciated over their estimated useful lives up to a maximum of 50 years. Short leases are written off over the duration of the lease. Depreciation is provided on other assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows: – land and buildings: land – not depreciated; leasehold improvements – shorter of life of lease and 10 years; – fixtures and equipment: plant – 3 to 20 years; office furniture, fixtures and fittings – 5 to 10 years; computer systems, communication networks and equipment – 3 to 7 years.
Trade and other payables accounting policy	Accounting policy Deferred income is recognised when either a customer has paid consideration, or RELX has an unconditional right to an amount of consideration, in advance of the goods and services being delivered.
Provisions accounting policy	Accounting policy Provisions are recognised when a present obligation exists as a result of a past event, the obligation is reasonably estimable, and it is probable that settlement will be required. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the statement of financial position date.
Shares held in treasury accounting policy	Accounting policy Shares of RELX PLC that are repurchased by the respective company and not cancelled are classified as shares held in treasury. The consideration paid, including directly attributable costs, is recognised as a deduction from equity. Shares of RELX PLC that are purchased by the Employee Benefit Trust are also classified as shares held in treasury, with the cost recognised as a deduction from equity.

Basis of preparation and acco_3

Basis of preparation and accounting policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Expected Impact on the Income Statement and Statement of Financial Position	The impact of the adoption of these standards on the full year 2017 results is as follows: 2016 as reported £m IFRS 9 impact £m IFRS 15 impact £m IFRS 16 impact £m 2016 as restated £m Income statement Revenue 6,895 – (6 ) – 6,889 Reported operating profit 1,708 – (6 ) 6 1,708 Net finance costs (195 ) (2 ) – (16 ) (213 ) Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,161 (2 ) (4 ) (5 ) 1,150 Reported EPS 56.3p (0.1p) (0.2p) (0.2p) 55.8p Statement of financial position Right of use assets 20 – – 306 326 Borrowings (including lease liability) (4,843 ) 17 – (430 ) (5,256 ) Finance lease receivable – – – 63 63 Deferred income (1,941 ) – (67 ) – (2,008 ) 2017 as reported £m IFRS 9 impact £m IFRS 15 impact £m IFRS 16 impact £m 2017 as restated £m Income statement Revenue 7,355 – (14 ) – 7,341 Adjusted operating profit 2,284 – (11 ) 11 2,284 Reported operating profit 1,905 – (11 ) 11 1,905 Net finance costs (182 ) (2 ) – (15 ) (199 ) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,635 (2 ) (9 ) (4 ) 1,620 Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,659 (2 ) (9 ) – 1,648 Adjusted EPS 81.0p (0.1p) (0.5p) (0.2p) 80.2p Reported EPS 82.2p (0.1p) (0.5p) – 81.6p Statement of financial position Right of use asset 16 – – 271 287 Borrowings (including lease liability) (4,886 ) 14 – (381 ) (5,253 ) Finance lease receivable – – – 57 57 Deferred income (1,834 ) – (76 ) – (1,910 )

Segment analysis (Tables)

Segment analysis (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Abstract]
Summary of Analysis by Business Segment	ANALYSIS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT Revenue Adjusted operating profit 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Scientific, Technical & Medical 2,538 2,473 2,318 942 914 854 Risk & Business Analytics 2,117 2,073 1,905 776 760 685 Legal 1,618 1,686 1,619 320 328 312 Exhibitions 1,219 1,109 1,047 313 287 271 Sub-total 7,492 7,341 6,889 2,351 2,289 2,122 Unallocated items - - - (5 ) (5 ) (8 ) Total 7,492 7,341 6,889 2,346 2,284 2,114
Summary of Analysis of Revenue by Geographical Origin	ANALYSIS OF REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m North America 4,013 3,998 3,697 Europe 2,790 2,644 2,568 Rest of world 689 699 624 Total 7,492 7,341 6,889 Revenue by geographical origin from the United Kingdom in 2018 was £1,144m (2017: £1,085m; 2016: £1,048m).
Summary of Classification of Revenue	2018 Scientific, Technical and Medical Risk & Business Analytics Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,118 1,669 1,083 221 4,091 Europe 611 322 340 535 1,808 Rest of World 809 126 195 463 1,593 Total revenue 2,538 2,117 1,618 1,219 7,492 Revenue by format Electronic 2,094 2,030 1,338 51 5,513 Face-to-face 7 36 10 1,168 1,221 Print 437 51 270 – 758 Total revenue 2,538 2,117 1,618 1,219 7,492 Revenue by type Subscriptions 1,877 765 1,247 – 3,889 Transactional 615 1,322 365 1,219 3,521 Advertising 46 30 6 – 82 Total revenue 2,538 2,117 1,618 1,219 7,492 Revenue by geographical market from the United Kingdom in 2018 was £527m (2017: £521m; 2016: £502m). 2017 Scientific, Technical and Medical Risk & Business Analytics Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,045 1,658 1,145 230 4,078 Europe 617 308 340 429 1,694 Rest of World 811 107 201 450 1,569 Total revenue 2,473 2,073 1,686 1,109 7,341 Revenue by format Electronic 1,995 1,967 1,384 42 5,388 Face-to-face 10 38 7 1,067 1,122 Print 468 68 295 - 831 Total revenue 2,473 2,073 1,686 1,109 7,341 Revenue by type Subscriptions 1,776 732 1,291 1 3,800 Transactional 646 1,301 389 1,108 3,444 Advertising 51 40 6 – 97 Total revenue 2,473 2,073 1,686 1,109 7,341 2016 Scientific, Technical and Medical Risk & Business Analytics Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 960 1,499 1,106 210 3,775 Europe 605 322 330 454 1,711 Rest of World 753 84 183 383 1,403 Total revenue 2,318 1,905 1,619 1,047 6,889 Revenue by format Electronic 1,834 1,758 1,321 35 4,948 Face-to-face 10 37 7 1,012 1,066 Print 474 110 291 - 875 Total revenue 2,318 1,905 1,619 1,047 6,889 Revenue by type Subscriptions 1,628 684 1,299 1 3,612 Transactional 631 1,172 314 1,046 3,163 Advertising 59 49 6 – 114 Total revenue 2,318 1,905 1,619 1,047 6,889
Summary of Analysis by Business Segment Expenditure	ANALYSIS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT Expenditure on acquired goodwill and Capital expenditure Amortisation of acquired Depreciation and other intangible assets additions intangible assets amortisation 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Scientific, Technical & Medical 106 94 19 100 95 85 56 77 88 109 100 100 Risk & Business Analytics 852 - 288 92 83 67 161 141 147 76 64 56 Legal 30 6 83 145 153 154 33 52 73 147 142 135 Exhibitions 61 33 21 28 24 26 36 44 38 35 37 34 Total 1,049 133 411 365 355 332 288 314 346 364 343 325
Summary of Analysis of Non-current Assets by Geographical Location	ANALYSIS OF NON-CURRENT ASSETS BY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m North America 8,692 7,408 8,307 Europe 1,996 2,016 1,987 Rest of world 461 459 489 Total 11,149 9,883 10,783
Summary of Reconciliation of Operating Profit to Adjusted Operating Profit	RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING PROFIT TO ADJUSTED OPERATING PROFIT 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Operating profit 1,964 1,905 1,708 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 288 314 346 Acquisition-related costs 84 56 51 Reclassification of tax in joint ventures 11 10 10 Reclassification of finance income in joint ventures (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Adjusted operating profit 2,346 2,284 2,114

Operating profit (Tables)

Operating profit (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating Profit [Abstract]
Disclosure of Detailed Information About Operating Profit	Operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting) the following: Note 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Staff costs Wages and salaries 1,959 1,926 1,767 Social security costs 215 213 198 Pensions 6 135 95 111 Share based remuneration 41 39 38 Total staff costs 2,350 2,273 2,114 Depreciation and amortisation Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 15 287 313 342 Share of joint ventures’ amortisation of acquired intangible assets 1 1 4 Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets 15 225 203 189 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 17 62 65 62 Depreciation of right of use asset 77 75 74 Total depreciation and amortisation 652 657 671 Other expenses and income Cost of sales including pre-publication costs and inventory expenses 2,638 2,628 2,488 Operating lease rentals expense 18 28 35 Operating lease rentals income (3 ) (3 ) (6 )

Auditor's remuneration (Tables)

Auditor's remuneration (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Auditors Remuneration [Abstract]
Disclosure of Detailed Information About Auditors' Remuneration	2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Auditors’ remuneration Payable to the auditors of RELX PLC 0.9 0.9 0.9 Payable to the auditors of the Group’s subsidiaries 5.9 5.9 5.3 Audit services 6.8 6.8 6.2 Audit-related assurance services 0.9 0.8 0.6 Total audit and audit related assurance services 7.7 7.6 6.8 Tax services 0 – 0.4 Other services: Consulting 0 – 0.1 Other services: Due diligence and other transaction-related services 2.7 0.3 0.4 Total non-audit related services 2.7 0.3 0.9 Total auditors’ remuneration 10.4 7.9 7.7 Amounts payable to the auditors of the Group’s subsidiaries include amounts for the audit of internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Included in audit related assurance services for 2018 are £0.1m in fees for services relating to RELX pension plans (2017: £0.1m). The amounts payable in 2017 and 2016 to the auditors of RELX PLC also reflect amounts payable to the auditors of RELX NV. The previously reported 2017 fees paid to EY for audit services have been revised to include additional amounts for expenses incurred and final fees for statutory audits which took place subsequent to the audit of the RELX consolidated accounts.

Personnel (Tables)

Personnel (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Employees [Abstract]
Disclosure of Detailed Information About Number of People Employed	NUMBER OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED: FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS At 31 December Average during the year 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 Business segment Scientific, Technical & Medical 7,900 7,500 7,500 7,700 7,500 7,300 Risk & Business Analytics 8,700 8,100 8,200 8,600 8,200 7,900 Legal 10,500 10,600 10,700 10,600 10,700 10,600 Exhibitions 4,200 4,000 4,000 4,100 4,000 3,900 Sub-total 31,300 30,200 30,400 31,000 30,400 29,700 Corporate/shared functions 800 800 800 800 800 900 Total 32,100 31,000 31,200 31,800 31,200 30,600 Geographical location North America 13,800 13,500 13,700 13,700 13,600 13,500 United Kingdom 5,200 5,000 4,900 5,100 5,000 4,800 The Netherlands 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,300 1,400 1,500 Rest of Europe 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 Rest of world 9,100 8,400 8,400 8,900 8,400 8,000 Total 32,100 31,000 31,200 31,800 31,200 30,600

Pension schemes (Tables)

Pension schemes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Defined Benefit Plans [Abstract]
Schedule of Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Schemes	The pension expense in total, including amounts in relation to the UK and US defined benefit schemes, and defined contribution schemes, recognised within the income statement consists of: 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Defined benefit pension expense (net of settlement and past service credits in 2018) 47 4 36 Defined contribution pension expense 95 91 75 Total 142 95 111
Schedule of Defined Benefit Pension Schemes	£135m (2017: £95m; 2016: £111m) of the total pension cost is recognised within operating profit. In 2018 a past service cost was recognised to account for the impact of GMP equalisation in the UK. In 2017 settlement and past service credits primarily relate to changes to the UK scheme. The amounts recognised in the income statement in respect of defined benefit pension schemes during the year are presented by major scheme as follows: 2018 2017 2016 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Service cost 27 9 36 33 14 47 27 14 41 Settlement and past service credits 11 – 11 (42 ) (1 ) (43 ) – (5 ) (5 ) Defined benefit pension expense 38 9 47 (9 ) 13 4 27 9 36 Net interest on net defined benefit obligation 6 3 9 10 5 15 9 5 14 Net defined benefit pension expense 44 12 56 1 18 19 36 14 50
Summary of Defined Benefit Pension Expense	The significant valuation assumptions, determined for each major scheme in conjunction with the respective independent actuaries, are presented below. The net defined benefit pension expense for each year is based on the assumptions and scheme valuations set at 31 December of the prior year. AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2018 2017 2016 UK US UK US UK US Discount rate 2.85 % 4.20 % 2.60 % 3.55 % 2.65 % 4.00 % Inflation 3.15 % 2.50 % 3.15 % 2.50 % 3.25 % 2.50 %
Summary of Average Life Expectancy Assumptions	Mortality assumptions make allowance for future improvements in longevity and have been determined by reference to applicable mortality statistics. The average life expectancy assumptions are set out below: AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2018 Male average life expectancy Female average life expectancy UK US UK US Member currently aged 60 years 85 86 88 88 Member currently aged 45 years 87 87 90 89
Amounts Recognised in the Statement of Financial Position in Respect of Defined Benefit Pension Schemes	The amount recognised in the statement of financial position in respect of defined benefit pension schemes at the start and end of the year and the movements during the year were as follows: 2018 2017 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Defined benefit obligation At start of year (3,854 ) (1,075 ) (4,929 ) (3,883 ) (1,120 ) (5,003 ) Service cost (27 ) (9 ) (36 ) (33 ) (14 ) (47 ) Past service credits (11 ) – (11 ) 42 1 43 Interest on pension scheme liabilities (98 ) (38 ) (136 ) (101 ) (42 ) (143 ) Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions 91 85 176 45 (61 ) (16 ) Actuarial gain/(loss) arising from experience assumptions 4 2 6 (39 ) 1 (38 ) Contributions by employees (8 ) – (8 ) (8 ) – (8 ) Benefits paid 131 56 187 123 60 183 Exchange translation differences – (61 ) (61 ) – 100 100 At end of year (3,772 ) (1,040 ) (4,812 ) (3,854 ) (1,075 ) (4,929 ) Fair value of scheme assets At start of year 3,589 1,012 4,601 3,390 977 4,367 Interest income on plan assets 92 35 127 91 37 128 Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income (184 ) (89 ) (273 ) 181 106 287 Contributions by employer 39 7 46 42 43 85 Contributions by employees 8 – 8 8 – 8 Benefits paid (131 ) (56 ) (187 ) (123 ) (60 ) (183 ) Exchange translation differences – 57 57 – (91 ) (91 ) At end of year 3,413 966 4,379 3,589 1,012 4,601 Opening net deficit (265 ) (63 ) (328 ) (493 ) (143 ) (636 ) Service cost (27 ) (9 ) (36 ) (33 ) (14 ) (47 ) Net interest on net defined benefit obligation (6 ) (3 ) (9 ) (10 ) (5 ) (15 ) Settlement and past service credits (11 ) – (11 ) 42 1 43 Contributions by employer 39 7 46 42 43 85 Actuarial (losses)/gains (89 ) (2 ) (91 ) 187 46 233 Exchange translation differences – (4 ) (4 ) – 9 9 Overall net pension obligation (359 ) (74 ) (433 ) (265 ) (63 ) (328 )
Summary of Net Pension Obligations and Net Pension Assets	A net pension asset has been recognised in relation to the US funded scheme after considering the guidance in IAS 19 Employee Benefits and IFRIC 14. The split between net pension obligations and net pension assets is as follows: 2018 £m 2017 £m Net pension asset 6 22 Net pension obligation (439 ) (350 ) Overall net pension obligation (433 ) (328 )
Amounts Recognised in Statement of Comprehensive Income	Amounts recognised in the statement of comprehensive income are set out below: 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Gains and losses arising during the year: Experience gains/(losses) on scheme liabilities 6 (38 ) 25 Experience (losses)/gains on scheme assets (273 ) 287 548 Actuarial (losses)/gains on the present value of scheme liabilities due to changes in: – discount rates 242 (102 ) (873 ) – inflation - 69 (96 ) – other actuarial assumptions (66 ) 17 134 (91 ) 233 (262 ) Net cumulative losses at start of year (613 ) (846 ) (584 ) Net cumulative losses at end of year (704 ) (613 ) (846 )
Summary of Fair Value of Scheme Assets	The major categories and fair values of scheme assets at the end of the reporting period are as follows: FAIR VALUE OF SCHEME ASSETS 2018 2017 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Equities 1,128 115 1,243 1,252 143 1,395 Government bonds 1,224 224 1,448 1,395 221 1,616 Corporate bonds – 607 607 – 622 622 Property funds and ground leases 723 – 723 620 – 620 Structured debt and direct lending 290 – 290 253 – 253 Cash and cash equivalents 26 4 30 46 18 64 Other 22 16 38 23 8 31 Total 3,413 966 4,379 3,589 1,012 4,601
Sensitivity Analysis of Actuarial Assumptions	In particular, changes in assumptions for discount rates, inflation and life expectancies that are reasonably possible would have the following approximate effects on the defined benefit pension obligations: £m Increase/decrease of 0.25% in discount rate: 207 Increase/decrease of 0.25% in the expected inflation rate: 94 Increase/decrease of one year in assumed life expectancy: 177

Net finance costs (Tables)

Net finance costs (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Net Finance Costs [Abstract]
Summary of Net Finance Costs	2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Interest on short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper (22 ) (10 ) (15 ) Interest on term debt (161 ) (154 ) (161 ) Interest on lease liabilities (14 ) (17 ) (18 ) Total borrowing costs (197 ) (181 ) (194 ) Losses on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges (10 ) (9 ) (15 ) Fair value losses on designated fair value hedge relationships (1 ) – – Net financing charge on defined benefit pension schemes (9 ) (15 ) (14 ) Finance costs (217 ) (205 ) (223 ) Interest on bank deposits 4 3 6 Interest income on net finance lease receivables 2 2 2 Fair value gains on designated fair value hedge relationships – 1 – Gains on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges – – 2 Finance income 6 6 10 Net finance costs (211 ) (199 ) (213 )

Disposals and other non-opera_2

Disposals and other non-operating items (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Disposals And Nonoperating Items [Abstract]
Summary of Disposals and Other Non-operating Items	2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Revaluation of investments (11 ) 5 (13 ) (Loss)/Gain on disposal of businesses and assets held for sale (22 ) 10 (23 ) Net (loss)/gain on disposals and other non-operating items (33 ) 15 (36 )

Taxation (Tables)

Taxation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Major Components Of Tax Expense Income [Abstract]
Summary of Tax Expense	2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Current tax United Kingdom (71 ) (104 ) (80 ) The Netherlands (72 ) (77 ) (51 ) Rest of world (154 ) (258 ) (243 ) Total current tax charge (297 ) (439 ) (374 ) Deferred tax 5 374 73 Tax expense (292 ) (65 ) (301 )
Weighted Average of Tax Rates Applicable to Accounting Profits and Losses	The net tax expense charged on profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average of tax rates applicable to accounting profits and losses of the consolidated entities, as follows: 2018 Restated 2017 Restated 2016 £m % £m % £m % Profit before tax 1,720 1,721 1,459 Tax at average applicable rates (342 ) 19.9 % (389 ) 22.6 % (326 ) 22.4 % Tax effect of share of results of joint ventures 8 (0.5 )% 7 (0.4 )% 7 (0.5 )% Expenses not deductible for tax purposes (24 ) 1.4 % (15 ) 0.9 % (19 ) 1.3 % US state taxes (19 ) 1.1 % (18 ) 1.0 % (13 ) 0.9 % Non-deductible costs of share based remuneration (1 ) 0.1 % (1 ) 0.1 % (1 ) 0.1 % Non-deductible disposal-related gains and losses – 0.0 % (36 ) 2.1 % (8 ) 0.5 % Deferred tax assets of the period not recognised (24 ) 1.4 % (10 ) 0.6 % (2 ) 0.1 % Change in recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities (15 ) 0.9 % 16 (0.9 )% 33 (2.3 )% Other adjustments in respect of prior periods 13 (0.8 )% 35 (2.1 )% 28 (1.9 )% Exceptional tax credit 112 (6.5 )% 346 (20.1 )% – 0.0 % Tax expense (292 ) 17.0 % (65 ) 3.8 % (301 ) 20.6 %
Tax Recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or Directly in Equity	The following tax has been recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity during the year: 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Tax on items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss Tax on actuarial movements on defined benefit pension schemes 15 (59 ) 45 Tax on items that may be reclassified to profit or loss Tax on fair value movements on cash flow hedges 9 (30 ) 19 Net tax (debit)/credit recognised in other comprehensive income 24 (89 ) 64 Tax credit on share based remuneration recognised directly in equity (3 ) 8 10
Summary of Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets	2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Deferred tax assets 455 431 Deferred tax liabilities (830 ) (738 ) Total (375 ) (307 )
Movements in Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets	Movements in deferred tax liabilities and assets (before taking into consideration the offsetting of balances within the same jurisdiction) are summarised as follows: Deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets Excess of tax allowances over amortisation £m Acquired intangible assets £m Other temporary differences £m Excess of amortisation over tax allowances £m Tax losses carried forward £m Pension balances £m Other temporary differences £m Total £m Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 1 January 2017 (restated) (393 ) (767 ) (338 ) 263 70 145 352 (668 ) Credit/(charge) to profit 97 298 2 (15 ) 22 – (30 ) 374 (Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income – – 7 – – (76 ) (20 ) (89 ) Acquisitions – (2 ) – – – – – (2 ) Exchange translation differences 29 45 27 9 (5 ) (3 ) (24 ) 78 Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 1 January 2018 (restated) (267 ) (426 ) (302 ) 257 87 66 278 (307 ) Credit/(charge) to profit 75 13 13 (51 ) (32 ) 3 (16 ) 5 (Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income – – – – – 15 (3 ) 12 Acquisitions – (88 ) – – 37 – – (51 ) Exchange translation differences (12 ) (26 ) (17 ) 1 4 2 14 (34 ) Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 31 December 2018 (204 ) (527 ) (306 ) 207 96 86 273 (375 )

Earnings per share (Tables)

Earnings per share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Summary of Earnings Per Share	EARNINGS PER SHARE – FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018 Restated 2017 Restated 2016 Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) EPS (pence) Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) EPS (pence) Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) EPS (pence) Basic earnings per share 1,422 1,977.2 71.9p 1,648 2,019.4 81.6p 1,150 2,062.3 55.8p Diluted earnings per share 1,422 1,990.8 71.4p 1,648 2,035.2 81.0p 1,150 2,079.8 55.3p The diluted figures are calculated after taking account of potential additional ordinary shares arising from share options and conditional shares. Since 2016, earnings per share has been calculated by taking the total Group net profit attributable to shareholders, and dividing this by the total weighted average number of shares in issue. As the corporate simplification was done on the basis of a 1:1 share exchange, this has not impacted the calculation of earnings per share in 2018, or the comparatives presented.
Summary of Adjusted Earnings Per Share	ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE 2018 Restated 2017 Restated 2016 Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) Adjusted EPS (pence) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) Adjusted EPS (pence) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders £m Weighted average number of shares (millions) Adjusted EPS (pence) Adjusted earnings per share 1,674 1,977.2 84.7p 1,620 2,019.4 80.2p 1,473 2,062.3 71.4p
Summary of Reconciliation of Adjusted Net Profit Attributable to Parent	RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO RELX PLC SHAREHOLDERS 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,422 1,648 1,150 Adjustments (post-tax): Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 322 356 364 Acquisition-related costs 71 43 38 Net financing charge on defined benefit pension schemes 7 11 10 Disposals and other non-operating items 19 1 2 Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets* (55 ) (93 ) (91 ) Exceptional tax credit (112 ) (346 ) - Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,674 1,620 1,473 * Movements on deferred tax liabilities arising on acquired intangible assets that do not qualify for tax amortisation.

Statement of cash flows (Tables

Statement of cash flows (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Abstract]
Schedule of Reconciliation of Profit Before Tax to Cash Generated from Operations	RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAX TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m Profit before tax 1,720 1,721 1,459 Disposals and other non-operating items 33 (15 ) 36 Net finance costs 211 199 213 Operating profit 1,964 1,905 1,708 Share of results of joint ventures (32 ) (37 ) (37 ) Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 287 313 342 Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets 225 203 189 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 62 65 62 Depreciation of right of use asset 77 75 74 Share based remuneration 41 39 38 Total non-cash items 692 695 705 Decrease/(increase) in inventories and pre-publication costs (7 ) 2 (24 ) Decrease/(increase) in receivables (89 ) 37 (145 ) (Decrease)/increase in payables 27 (76 ) 104 Increase in working capital (69 ) (37 ) (65 ) Cash generated from operations 2,555 2,526 2,311
Schedule of Cash Flow on Acquisitions	CASH FLOW ON ACQUISITIONS Note 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Purchase of businesses 12 (919 ) (117 ) (336 ) Investment in joint ventures - (1 ) (1 ) Deferred payments relating to prior year acquisitions (16 ) (13 ) (24 ) Total (935 ) (131 ) (361 )
Schedule of Reconciliation of Net Borrowings	RECONCILIATION OF NET BORROWINGS Cash and cash equivalents £m Borrowings £m Related derivative financial instruments £m Finance lease receivable £m 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Restated 2016 £m At start of year 111 (5,253 ) 43 57 (5,042 ) (5,050 ) (4,095 ) (Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 1 – – – 1 (45 ) 9 Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper – (147 ) – – (147 ) 148 (271 ) Issuance of term debt – (958 ) – – (958 ) (873 ) (603 ) Repayment of term debt – 211 – – 211 712 474 Repayment of finance leases – 95 – (14 ) 81 78 74 Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows 1 (799 ) – (14 ) (812 ) 20 (317 ) Borrowings in acquired businesses – (12 ) – – (12 ) - - Remeasurement and derecognition of leases – (12 ) – – (12 ) (6 ) (14 ) Inception of leases – (31 ) – 3 (28 ) (36 ) (49 ) Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives – (7 ) (18 ) – (25 ) (11 ) (24 ) Exchange translation differences 2 (251 ) – 3 (246 ) 41 (551 ) At end of year 114 (6,365 ) 25 49 (6,177 ) (5,042 ) (5,050 )

Acquisitions (Tables)

Acquisitions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Business Combinations [Abstract]
Summary of Consideration Paid for Acquiring Assets and Liabilities	Provisional fair values of the consideration given and of the assets and liabilities acquired are summarised below: Fair value 2018 £m Fair value 2017 £m Fair value 2016 £m Goodwill 626 77 222 Intangible assets 423 56 189 Property, plant and equipment 5 – 1 Current assets 24 3 12 Non current assets 12 – – Current liabilities (72 ) (16 ) (20 ) Borrowings (12 ) – – Deferred tax (51 ) (2 ) (35 ) Net assets acquired 955 118 369 Consideration (after taking account of £27m (2017: £7m; 2016: £10m) net cash acquired) 955 118 369 Less: consideration deferred to future years (36 ) (1 ) (15 ) Less: acquisition date fair value of equity interest – – (18 ) Net cash flow 919 117 336

Equity dividends (Tables)

Equity dividends (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Reconciliation Of Number Of Shares Outstanding [Abstract]
Summary of Ordinary Dividends Paid	ORDINARY DIVIDENDS PAID IN THE YEAR 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m RELX PLC 420 400 356 RELX NV 376 362 327 Total 796 762 683

Goodwill (Tables)

Goodwill (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Reconciliation Of Changes In Goodwill [Abstract]
Disclosure Of Reconciliation Of Changes In Goodwill	A description of the key assumptions and sensitivities is provided below. 2018 £m 2017 £m At start of year 5,965 6,392 Acquisitions 626 77 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (25 ) (72 ) Transfers - 11 Exchange translation differences 333 (443 ) At end of year 6,899 5,965
Summary of Goodwill by Segment	GOODWILL 2018 £m 2017 £m Scientific, Technical & Medical 1,620 1,479 Risk & Business Analytics 3,283 2,595 Legal 1,465 1,390 Exhibitions 531 501 Total 6,899 5,965
Key Assumptions Used for Each Group of Cash Generating Units	The key assumptions used for each group of cash generating units are disclosed below: KEY ASSUMPTIONS 2018 2017 Pre-tax discount rate Nominal long-term market growth rate Pre-tax discount rate Nominal long-term market growth rate Scientific, Technical & Medical 10.0 % 3 % 10.1 % 3 % Risk & Business Analytics 11.5 % 3 % 12.3 % 3 % Legal 12.2 % 2 % 12.7 % 2 % Exhibitions 12.7 % 3 % 12.6 % 3 %

Intangible assets (Tables)

Intangible assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Abstract]
Summary of Intangible Assets	Market and customer- related £m Content, software and other £m Total acquired intangible assets £m Internally developed intangible assets £m Total £m Cost At 1 January 2017 3,872 3,679 7,551 2,550 10,101 Acquisitions 32 24 56 – 56 Additions – – – 304 304 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (26 ) (76 ) (102 ) (42 ) (144 ) Transfers (50 ) 27 (23 ) – (23 ) Exchange translation differences (309 ) (162 ) (471 ) (121 ) (592 ) At 1 January 2018 3,519 3,492 7,011 2,691 9,702 Acquisitions 310 113 423 — 423 Additions – – – 304 304 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (15 ) (11 ) (26 ) (148 ) (174 ) Exchange translation differences 211 130 341 99 440 At 31 December 2018 4,025 3,724 7,749 2,946 10,695 Accumulated amortisation At 1 January 2017 1,893 3,139 5,032 1,465 6,497 Charge for the year 188 125 313 203 516 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (16 ) (72 ) (88 ) (43 ) (131 ) Exchange translation differences (158 ) (146 ) (304 ) (70 ) (374 ) At 1 January 2018 1,907 3,046 4,953 1,555 6,508 Charge for the year 169 118 287 225 512 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (15 ) (11 ) (26 ) (111 ) (137 ) Exchange translation differences 105 113 218 60 278 At 31 December 2018 2,166 3,266 5,432 1,729 7,161 Net book amount At 31 December 2017 1,612 446 2,058 1,136 3,194 At 31 December 2018 1,859 458 2,317 1,217 3,534

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Investments [Abstract]
Summary of Investments	2018 £m 2017 £m Investments in joint ventures 104 102 Available for sale investments - 2 Venture capital investments 151 139 Total 255 243
Summary of Analysis of Changes in Carrying Value of Investments in Joint Ventures	An analysis of changes in the carrying value of investments in joint ventures is set out below: 2018 £m 2017 £m At start of year 102 102 Share of results of joint ventures 32 37 Dividends received from joint ventures (30 ) (38 ) Additions 2 2 Exchange translation differences (2 ) (1 ) At end of year 104 102
Summary of Group's Share of Joint Ventures	Summarised aggregate information in respect of the Group’s share of joint ventures is set out below: RELX’s share 2018 £m 2017 £m Revenue 101 101 Net profit for the year 32 37 Total assets 96 85 Total liabilities (49 ) (42 ) Net assets 47 43 Goodwill 57 59 Total 104 102

Property, plant and equipment (

Property, plant and equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment	2018 2017 Land and buildings £m Fixtures and equipment £m Total £m Land and buildings £m Fixtures and equipment £m Total £m Cost At start of year 217 599 816 231 630 861 Acquisitions – 5 5 - - - Capital expenditure 5 51 56 5 46 51 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (8 ) (40 ) (48 ) (3 ) (40 ) (43 ) Exchange translation differences 9 25 34 (16 ) (37 ) (53 ) At end of year 223 640 863 217 599 816 Accumulated depreciation At start of year 137 485 622 139 499 638 Charge for the year 9 53 62 9 56 65 Disposals/reclassified as held for sale (6 ) (40 ) (46 ) (1 ) (39 ) (40 ) Exchange translation differences 6 21 27 (10 ) (31 ) (41 ) At end of year 146 519 665 137 485 622 Net book amount 77 121 198 80 114 194

Financial instruments (Tables)

Financial instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Financial Instruments [Abstract]
Summary of Remaining Contractual Maturities for Borrowings and Derivative Financial Instruments	The table shows undiscounted principal and interest cash flows and includes contractual gross cash flows to be exchanged as part of cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts where there is a legal right of set-off. AT 31 DECEMBER 2018 Contractual cash flow Carrying amount £m Within 1 year £m 1-2 years £m 2-3 years £m 3-4 years £m 4-5 years £m More than 5 years £m Total £m Borrowings Fixed rate borrowings (5,315 ) (752 ) (610 ) (552 ) (879 ) (732 ) (2,555 ) (6,080 ) Floating rate borrowings (690 ) (686 ) – – – – (4 ) (690 ) Lease liabilities (360 ) (104 ) (92 ) (75 ) (47 ) (30 ) (63 ) (411 ) Derivative financial liabilities Interest rate derivatives (15 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (3 ) (8 ) (19 ) Cross-currency interest rate swaps (1 ) (48 ) (21 ) (21 ) (21 ) (39 ) (557 ) (707 ) Forward foreign exchange contracts (53 ) (1,498 ) (375 ) (181 ) (25 ) – – (2,079 ) Derivative financial assets Interest rate derivatives 21 12 13 3 1 5 3 37 Cross-currency interest rate swaps 13 33 8 8 8 25 553 635 Forward foreign exchange contracts 13 1,473 361 173 26 – – 2,033 Total (6,387 ) (1,572 ) (718 ) (647 ) (939 ) (774 ) (2,631 ) (7,281 ) AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 RESTATED Contractual cash flow Carrying amount £m Within 1 year £m 1-2 years £m 2-3 years £m 3-4 years £m 4-5 years £m More than 5 years £m Total £m Borrowings Fixed rate borrowings (4,393 ) (331 ) (703 ) (575 ) (518 ) (805 ) (2,198 ) (5,130 ) Floating rate borrowings (469 ) (464 ) – – – – (5 ) (469 ) Lease liabilities (391 ) (100 ) (91 ) (79 ) (64 ) (34 ) (82 ) (450 ) Derivative financial liabilities (13 ) (1 ) (1 ) (2 ) (2 ) (4 ) (8 ) (18 ) Interest rate derivatives (2 ) (258 ) (17 ) (18 ) (18 ) (18 ) (541 ) (870 ) Cross-currency interest rate swaps (42 ) (2,148 ) (418 ) (188 ) (41 ) – – (2,795 ) Forward foreign exchange contracts Derivative financial assets Interest rate derivatives 20 13 11 10 1 – – 35 Cross-currency interest rate swaps 42 246 7 7 7 7 554 828 Forward foreign exchange contracts 53 2,139 422 193 42 – – 2,796 Total (5,195 ) (904 ) (790 ) (652 ) (593 ) (854 ) (2,280 ) (6,073 )
Summary of Cash Flow Hedges	The table below details the designated fair value hedge relationships that were in place at 31 December 2018, swapping fixed rate term debt issues denominated in US dollars (USD) and euros to floating rate USD and euro debt respectively for the whole or part of their term, together with the related fixed and floating rates. FAIR VALUE HEDGE RELATIONSHIPS 31 December 2018 Principal amount £m 31 December 2017 Principal amount £m Fixed Rate Floating Rate €550m loan notes and €550m interest rate swaps maturing 2020 (494 ) (489 ) 2.5 % LIBOR+1.1% €500m bond and €500m interest rate swaps maturing 2021 (449 ) (444 ) 0.4 % LIBOR+0.3% $700m bond and $700m interest rate swaps maturing 2023 (549 ) 0 3.5 % LIBOR+0.8% €500m bond and €500m interest rate swaps maturing 2024 (449 ) (444 ) 1.0 % LIBOR+0.7% €600m bond and €600m/$669.3m cross-currency interest rate swaps maturing 2025 (525 ) (495 ) 1.3 % LIBOR+1.3% $200m bond and $200m interest rate swaps maturing 2027 (157 ) (148 ) 7.2 % LIBOR+5.8% (2,623 ) (2,020 )
Summary of Gains and Losses on the Borrowings and Related Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges	The gains and losses on the borrowings and related derivatives designated as fair value hedges, which are included in the income statement as part of finance costs, together with the total carrying values of the borrowings and related derivatives included in the statement of financial position, for the three years ended 31 December 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows: GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2018 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2018 £m Carrying values £m USD debt 12 – 1 13 (701 ) Related interest rate swaps (12 ) (1 ) (1 ) (14 ) (14 ) – (1 ) – (1 ) (715 ) EUR debt (17 ) (21 ) (1 ) (39 ) (1,952 ) Related interest rate swaps 17 21 1 39 39 – – – – (1,913 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (5 ) (21 ) – (26 ) (2,653 ) Total related interest rate swaps 5 20 – 25 25 Net loss on borrowings and related derivatives/ total carrying value – (1 ) – (1 ) (2,628 ) GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2017 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m De-designated £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2017 £m Carrying values £m USD debt 16 (1 ) (2 ) (1 ) 12 (147 ) Related interest rate swaps (16 ) 1 2 1 (12 ) (12 ) – – – – – (159 ) EUR debt (33 ) 17 – (1 ) (17 ) (1,922 ) Related interest rate swaps 32 (16 ) – 1 17 17 (1 ) 1 – – – (1,905 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (17 ) 16 (2 ) (2 ) (5 ) (2,069 ) Total related interest rate swaps 16 (15 ) 2 2 5 5 Net (loss)/gain on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value (1 ) 1 – – – (2,064 ) GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2016 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m De-designated £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December. 2016 £m Carrying values £m USD debt 2 13 – 1 16 (378 ) Related interest rate swaps (2 ) (13 ) – (1 ) (16 ) (16 ) – – – – – (403 ) GBP debt (14 ) – 14 – – – Related interest rate swaps 14 – (14 ) – – – – – – – – – EUR debt (9 ) (21 ) – (3 ) (33 ) (1,011 ) Related interest rate swaps 8 21 – 3 32 32 (1 ) – – – (1 ) (979 ) Total relating to USD, GBP and EUR debt (21 ) (8 ) 14 (2 ) (17 ) (1,398 ) Total related interest rate swaps 20 8 (14 ) 2 16 16 Net loss on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value (1 ) – – – (1 ) (1,382 )
Summary of Movements in the Hedge Reserve Including Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	Movements in the hedge reserve in 2017 and 2018 and, with effect from 1 January 2018, the cost of hedging reserve, including gains and losses on cash flow hedging instruments, were as follows: Interest rate hedge reserve £m Cost of hedging reserve £m Foreign currency hedge reserve £m Total £m Hedge reserve at 1January 2017: gains/(Losses) deferred 8 – (169 ) (161 ) Gains arising in 2017 63 – 74 137 Amounts recognised in income statement (65 ) – 90 25 Exchange translation differences (1 ) – (2 ) (3 ) Hedge reserve at 31 December 2017: gains/( losses) deferred 5 – (7 ) (2 ) Reclassification on 1 January 2018 (1 ) 1 – – Losses arising in 2018 – (8 ) (51 ) (59 ) Amounts recognised in income statement (3 ) – 20 17 Exchange translation differences – – – – Hedge reserve at 31 December 2018: gains/( losses) deferred 1 (7 ) (38 ) (44 )
Summary of Deferred Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Currently Expected to Recognised in Future Period	The deferred gains and losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges at 31 December 2018 are currently expected to be recognised in the income statement in future years as shown in the table below, together with the principal amount of hedges relating to each year and their total carrying values included within derivative assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position: Foreign currency hedge reserve £m Principal amount of hedges £m Carrying values £m 2019 (14 ) 481 (20 ) 2020 (13 ) 486 (13 ) 2021 (10 ) 228 (10 ) 2022 (1 ) 64 (1 ) Total (38 ) 1,259 (44 )

Inventories and pre-publicati_2

Inventories and pre-publication costs (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Information About Inventories Explanatory [Abstract]
Summary of Inventories and Pre-Publication Costs	2018 £m 2017 £m Raw materials 2 2 Pre-publication costs 171 157 Finished goods 39 38 Total 212 197

Trade and other receivables (Ta

Trade and other receivables (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Trade And Other Receivables [Abstract]
Summary of Trade and Other Receivables	2018 £m 2017 Restated £m Trade receivables 1,829 1,682 Loss allowance (87 ) (79 ) 1,742 1,603 Prepayments and accrued income 224 219 Net finance lease receivable 49 57 Total 2,015 1,873
Summary of Movements in Loss Allowance for Expected Credit Losses	Trade receivables are stated net of a loss allowance for expected credit losses. The movements in the loss allowance during the year were as follows: 2018 £m 2017 £m At start of year 79 56 Charge for the year 14 39 Trade receivables written off (8 ) (15 ) Exchange translation differences 2 (1 ) At end of year 87 79

Trade and other payables (Table

Trade and other payables (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Trade And Other Payables [Abstract]
Summary of Trade and Other Payables	2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Trade payables 187 240 Accruals 711 663 Social security and other taxes 127 114 Other payables 407 371 Deferred income 2,000 1,910 Total 3,432 3,298

Borrowings (Tables)

Borrowings (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Borrowings By Type [Abstract]
Summary of types of Borrowings both Current and Non-current	2018 Restated 2017 Falling due within 1 year £m Falling due in more than 1 year £m Total £m Falling due within 1 year £m Falling due in more than 1 year £m Total £m Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost: Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper 686 – 686 464 - 464 Term debt 614 1,808 2,422 209 1,682 1,891 Lease liabilities 92 268 360 89 302 391 Term debt in fair value hedging relationships – 2,652 2,652 - 2,069 2,069 Term debt previously in fair value hedging relationships – 245 245 - 438 438 Total 1,392 4,973 6,365 762 4,491 5,253
Summary of Repayment Years for Borrowings	Analysis by year of repayment 2018 Restated 2017 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total £m Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Finance leases £m Total £m Within 1 year 686 614 92 1,392 464 209 89 762 Within 1 to 2 years – 508 87 595 - 593 85 678 Within 2 to 3 years – 451 70 521 - 508 74 582 Within 3 to 4 years – 688 42 730 - 444 58 502 Within 4 to 5 years – 669 27 696 - 630 28 658 After 5 years – 2,389 42 2,341 - 2,014 57 2,071 After 1 year – 4,705 268 4,973 - 4,189 302 4,491 Total 686 5,319 360 6,365 464 4,398 391 5,253
Analysis of Borrowings by Currency	Analysis by currency 2018 Restated 2017 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total £m Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Finance leases £m Total £m US dollars 19 2,493 177 2,689 103 2,044 187 2,334 £ sterling 314 300 66 683 262 299 69 630 Euro 318 2,526 85 2,929 76 2,055 97 2,228 Other currencies 32 – 32 64 23 - 38 61 Total 686 5,319 360 6,365 464 4,398 391 5,253

Lease arrangements (Tables)

Lease arrangements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Finance Lease And Operating Lease By Lessee [Abstract]
Summary of right of use assets	Right-of-use assets Property £m Non- property £m 2018 £m Property £m Non- property £m Restated 2017 £m At start of year 264 23 287 298 27 325 Additions 26 5 31 41 5 46 Acquisitions 7 5 12 – – – Remeasurement 13 – 13 8 – 8 Disposals (2 ) (8 ) (10 ) (8 ) 0 (8 ) Depreciation (68 ) (9 ) (77 ) (67 ) (8 ) (75 ) Exchange translation differences 6 1 7 (8 ) (1 ) (9 ) At end of year 246 17 263 264 23 287
Summary of lease liability	Lease liability 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Current Property (83 ) (81 ) Non-property (9 ) (8 ) Non-current Property (260 ) (295 ) Non-property (8 ) (7 ) Total (360 ) (391 )
Summary of finance lease receivable	RELX subleases vacant space available within its leased properties. IFRS 16 specifies conditions whereby a sublease is classed as a finance lease for the sub-lessor. The finance lease receivable balance held is as follows: 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Net finance lease receivable 49 57

Provisions (Tables)

Provisions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Other Provisions [Abstract]
Summary of Changes in Provisions	2018 £m Restated 2017 £m At start of year 63 86 Utilised (14 ) (17 ) Exchange translation differences 2 (6 ) Total 51 63
Summary of Provisions Included Within Current and Non-current Liabilities	At 31 December 2018, provisions are included within current and non-current liabilities as follows: 2018 £m Restated 2017 £m Current liabilities 15 12 Non-current liabilities 36 51 Total 51 63

Share capital, share premium _2

Share capital, share premium and shares held in treasury (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Classes Of Share Capital [Abstract]
Summary of Share Capital	RELX PLC CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL – ISSUED AND FULLY PAID No. of shares 2018 £m No. of shares 2017 £m At start of year 1,123,682,106 162 1,144,122,623 165 Issue of ordinary shares 1,580,885 – 2,019,483 – Issue of ordinary shares in exchange for RELX NV shares 930,780,110 134 Cancellation of shares (45,000,000 ) (6 ) (22,460,000 ) (3 ) At end of year 2,011,043,101 290 1,123,682,106 162 RELX NV CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL – ISSUED AND FULLY PAID No. of shares 2018 €m No. of shares 2017 €m At start of year 999,961,098 70 1,019,893,404 71 Issue of ordinary shares 888,128 2,067,694 – Cancellation of shares — (22,000,000 ) (1 ) Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification (930,780,110 ) (65 ) — – Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification (70,069,116 ) (5 ) — – At end of year – – 999,961,098 70 NUMBER OF ORDINARY SHARES Year ended 31 December Shares in issue (millions) Treasury shares (millions) 2018 Shares in issue net of treasury shares (millions) 2017 Shares in issue net of treasury shares (millions) RELX PLC At start of year 1,123.6 (63.5 ) 1,060.1 1,080.5 Issue of ordinary shares 1.6 — 1.6 2.0 Issue of ordinary shares in exchange for RELX NV shares 930.8 (3.5 ) 927.3 – Repurchase of ordinary shares — (26.9 ) (26.9 ) (23.1 ) Net (purchase)/release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust — (0.2 ) (0.2 ) 0.7 Cancellation of shares (45.0 ) 45.0 — – At end of year 2,011.0 (49.1 ) 1,961.9 1,060.1 RELX NV At start of year 1,000.0 (56.4 ) 943.6 962.2 Issue of ordinary shares 0.9 — 0.9 2.1 Repurchase of ordinary shares — (17.5 ) (17.5 ) (21.4 ) Net release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust — 0.3 0.3 0.7 Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification (930.8 ) 3.5 (927.3 ) – Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification (70.1 ) 70.1 — – At end of year — — — 943.6 At end of year 2,011.0 (49.1 ) 1,961.9 2,003.7

Other reserves (Tables)

Other reserves (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Other Reserves [Abstract]
Summary of Other Reserves	Hedge reserve 2018 £m Other reserves 2018 £m Total 2018 £m Restated Total 2017 £m At start of year (3 ) 428 425 (215 ) Profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders – 1,422 1,422 1,648 Dividends paid – (796 ) (796 ) (762 ) Actuarial gains /(losses) on defined benefit pension schemes – (91 ) (91 ) 233 Fair value movements on cash flow hedges (59 ) – (59 ) 137 Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve 17 – 17 25 Tax recognised in other comprehensive income 9 15 24 (89 ) Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax) – 35 35 42 Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses – (227 ) (227 ) 0 Cancellation of shares – 262 262 (566 ) Settlement of share awards – (35 ) (35 ) (37 ) Exchange translation differences – 7 7 9 At end of year (36 ) 1,020 984 425

Related party transactions (Tab

Related party transactions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Transactions Between Related Parties [Abstract]
Summary of Key Management Personnel Remuneration	KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL REMUNERATION 2018 £m 2017 £m 2016 £m Salaries, other short-term employee benefits and non-executive fees 7 5 5 Post-employment benefits 1 1 1 Share based remuneration* 7 8 12 Total 15 14 18
Summary of Executive Directors Remuneration	EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Salary Benefits Annual incentive Cost of share based remuneration * Cost of pension provision * Total £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Total Executive Directors 2018 1,935 99 3,033 7,003 741 12,811 2017 1,889 101 1,964 8,205 983 13,142 2016 1,843 88 1,881 12,038 1,052 16,902
Summary of Non-Executive Directors Remuneration	NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS 2018 £’000 2017 £’000 2016 £’000 Fees and benefits 1,634 1,396 1,364

Exchange rates (Tables)

Exchange rates (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Foreign Exchange Rates [Abstract]
Summary of Exchange Rates in Preparing Consolidated Statements	The following exchange rates have been applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements: Income statement Statement of financial position 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 Euro to sterling 1.13 1.14 1.22 1.11 1.12 US dollars to sterling 1.34 1.29 1.36 1.27 1.35

Related undertakings (Tables)

Related undertakings (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Transactions Between Related Parties [Abstract]
Summary of Full List of Related Undertakings	A full list of related undertakings (comprising subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and other significant holdings) is set out below. All are 100% owned directly or indirectly by the Group except where percentage ownership denoted in (x%). Company name Share class Reg office Australia Adaptris Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS1 ELsevier (Australia) Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS3 Fair Events Pty Ltd (49%) Ordinary AUS4 Fitness Show Pty Ltd (80%) Ordinary AUS6 Reed Business Information (Australia) Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS1 Reed Exhibitions Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS3 Reed Oz Comic-Con Pty Ltd (80%) Ordinary AUS2 RELX Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 SST Software Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS7 Symbiotic Technologies Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS8 Symbiotic Technologies Operation Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS8 Threat Metrix Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS8 Austria Expoxx Messebau GmbH Registered Capital AUT1 LexisNexis Verlag ARD ORAC GmbH &Co KG Registered Capital AUT2 ORAC Gesellschaft m.b.H. Registered Capital AUT2 Reed CEE GmbH Registered Capital AUT1 Reed Messe Salzburg GmbH Registered Capital AUT3 Reed Messe Wien GmbH Registered Capital AUT1 RELX Austria GmbH Registered Capital AUT3 System Stand Bau GmbH Registered Capital AUT4 Belgium LexisNexis BVBA Ordinary BEL1 First 4 Farming Europe NV Ordinary BEL2 Brazil Elsevier Editora Ltda Quotas BRA1 Fircosoft Brazil Consultoriae Servicos de lnformatica Ltda Ordinary BRA2 LexisNexis Informa ç Quotas shares BRA3 Lexis Nexis Servi ç Quotas shares BRA3 MLex Brasil Midia Mercadoligica Ltda (91%) Quotas BRA4 Reed Exhibitions Alcântara Machado Ltda Quotas shares BRA3 SST Software do Brasil Ltda Ordinary BRA5 Canada LexisNexis Canada Inc Class A ordinary CAN1 RELX Canada Ltd Unlimited Class A, CAN3 Unlimited Class B, Unlimited Class C, Unlimited Class D, Unlimited Class E, Unlimited Class F, Unlimited Class G, Unlimited Class H Science-Metrix lnc Class A common shares Class B common shares Class A preferred shares Class B preferred shares Class C preferred shares Class D preferred shares CAN4 ThreatMetrix (Canada) Inc Common shares CAN2 China Beijing Bakery China Exhibitions Co., Ltd (25%) Registered Capital CHN1 Beijing Medtime Elsevier Education Technology Co., Ltd (49%) Registered Capital CHN2 Beijing Reed Elsevier Science and Technology Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN3 Beijing Reed Guanghe Exhibition Co., Ltd (80%) Registered Capital CHN4 C-One Energy Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN6 Genilex Information Technology Co., Ltd (40%) Registered Capital CHN7 ICIS Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN8 KeAi Communications Co., Ltd (49%) Registered Capital CHN9 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Shanghai) Information Technologies Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN10 MLex Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd (91%) Registered Capital CHN11 Reed Business Information (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Registered Captial CHN20 Reed Elsevier Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN3 Reed Exhibitions (China) Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN4 Reed Exhibitions Henjin Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN19 Reed Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN12 Reed Hongda Exhibitions (Henan) Co., Ltd (51%) Registered Capital CHN13 Reed Huabai Exhibitions (Beijing) Co., Ltd (51%) Registered Capital CHN4 Reed Huabo Exhibitions (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd (65%) Registered Capital CHN14 Share Reg Company name class office Reed Huaqun ExhibitionsCo., Ltd (52%) Registered Capital CHN4 Reed Kuozhan Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (60%) Registered Capital CHN12 Reed Sinopharm ExhibitionsCo., Ltd (50%) Registered Capital CHN4 RELX (China) Investment Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN15 Shanghai Datong Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd Registered Capital CHN17 Shanghai SinoReal Exhibitions Co., Ltd (27.5%) Registered Capital CHN18 Colombia LexisNexis Risk Solutions S.A.S. Ordinary COL1 Denmark Elsevier A/S Ordinary DNK1 Reed Elsevier Denmark ApS Ordinary DNK1 Dubai, UAE Reed Exhibitions Free Zone-LLC Ordinary UAE1 RELX Middle East FZ-LLC Ordinary UAE2 Egypt Elsevier Egypt LLC Ordinary EGY1 France Elsevier HoIding France SAS Registered Capital FRA1 Elsevier Masson SAS Registered Capital FRA1 Evoluprint SAS Ordinary FRA2 Fircosoft SAS Ordinary FRA3 Gie Edi-Data (83%) Ordinary FRA4 Gie Juris-Data Ordinary FRA4 GIE PRK- Publicite Robert Krier Registered capital FRA5 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions S.A. Ordinary FRA4 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions Holding S.A. Ordinary FRA6 LexisNexis International Development Services S. A. Ordinary FRA4 LexisNexis SA Ordinary FRA4 Reed Exhibitions ISG SARL Registered capital FRA7 Reed Expositions France SAS Ordinary FRA5 Reed Midem SAS Registered capital FRA7 Reed Organisation SAS Ordinary FRA5 RELX France S.A. Registered capital FRA7 SAFI SA (50%) Ordinary FRA8 Germany Aries Medical Knowledge GmbH & Co KG Registered Capital DEU9 Aries Medical Knowledge Verwaltungsgesellschaft GmbH Registered Capital DEU9 ElsevierGmbH Registered Capital DEU3 Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Registered Capital DEU3 LexisNexis GmbH Registered Capital DEU5 Patent Sight GmbH Registered Capital DEU8 REC Publications GmbH Registered Capital DEU1 Reed Exhibitions (Germany) GmbH Registered Capital DEU1 Reed Exhibitions Deutschland GmbH Registered Capital DEU1 Reed Travel Group (Germany) GmbH Ordinary DEU6 RELX Deutschland GmbH Registered Capital DEU1 Tschach Solutions GmbH Ordinary DEU7 Hong Kong Ascend China Holding Ltd Ordinary HNK1 Reed Business Information (China) Ltd Ordinary HNK2 JC Exhibition and Promotion Ltd (65%) Ordinary HNK1 JYLN Sager Ltd (40%) Ordinary HNK5 MLex Asia Ltd(91%) Ordinary HNK6 Reed Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary HNK5 RELX (Greater China) Ltd Ordinary HNK7 India Comic Con India Private Ltd (36%) Ordinary IND2 FircoSoft India Private Ltd Ordinary IND3 Reed ELsevier Publishing (India) Pvt Ltd Ordinary IND4 Reed Manch Exhibitions Private Ltd (70%) Ordinary IND5 ReedSI Exhibitions Private Ltd (51%) Ordinary IND6 ReedTriune Exhibitions Private Ltd (72%) Ordinary IND7 RELX India Private Ltd Ordinary IND1 Indonesia PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia (70%) Class A IDN2 Class B PT Reed Panorama Exhibitions (50%) Ordinary IDN1 Share Reg Company name class office Ireland Butterworth (Ireland) Ltd Ordinary, A Ordinary IRL2 Elsevier Services Ireland Ltd Ordinary IRL4. LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Ireland) Ltd Ordinary IRL1 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Europe) Ltd Ordinary IRL1 Israel LexisNexis Israel Ltd Ordinary ISR1 Italy Elsevier SRL Registered Capital ITA1 ICIS Italia SRL Ordinary ITA2 Reed Exhibitions ISG Italy SRL Ordinary ITA1 Reed Exhibitions Italia SRL Ordinary ITA3 Japan Ascend Japan KK Ordinary JPN1 Elsevier Japan KK Ordinary JPN2 LexisNexis Japan KK Common Stock JPN3 PatentSight Japan Inc Common Shares JPN6 Reed Exhibitions Japan KK Ordinary JPN4 Reed ISG Japan KK Ordinary JPN5 ThreatMetrix GK Membership Interest JPN7 Korea (South) Elsevier Korea LLC Ordinary K0R1 LexisNexis Legal and Professional Service Korea Ltd Ordinary K0R2 Reed Exhibitions Korea Ltd Ordinary K0R3 Reed Exporum Ltd (60%) Ordinary K0R4 Reed K. Fairs Ltd (70%) Ordinary K0R3 Luxembourg FIRCOSOFT Luxembourg S à Ordinary LUX1 Malaysia LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn Bhd Ordinary MYS1 Reed Exhibitions Sdn Bhd Ordinary MYS1 Mexico Masson -Doyma Mexico, S.A. Ordinary MEX1 Reed Exhibitions Mexico S.A. de C.V. Ordinary MEX2 Morocco Reed Exhibitions Morocco SARL Ordinary MAR1 New Zealand LexisNexis NZ Ltd Ordinary NZL1 Philippines Reed Elsevier Shared Services (Philippines) Inc. Ordinary PHL1 Poland Elsevier sp.z.o.o. Ordinary POL1 Russia Ecwatech Company ZAO Ordinary RUS1 LexisNexis OOO Registered Capital RUS2 Real Estate Events Direct OOO (80%) Registered Capital RUS3 RELX OOO Registered Capital RUS2 Saudi Arabia Reed Sunaidi Exhibitions (50%) Ordinary SAU1 Singapore Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP1 F4F Agriculture (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP2 Lexis- Nexis Philippines Pte Ltd (75%) Preference shares SGP3 Reed Business Information Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP4 RE (HAPL) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP1 RELX (Singapore) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP3 SAFI Asia Pte Ltd (50%) Ordinary SGP4 ThreatMetrixPTE Ltd Ordinary SGP5 South Africa Fircosoft South Africa (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF1 Globalrange SA (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF2 Korbitec (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 LegalPerfectTSoftware Solutions (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 LexisNexis Academic (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 LexisNexis (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 LexisNexis Risk Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 Property Payment Exchange (SA) (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 Company name Share class Reg office RELX (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF3 Reed Exhibitions (Pty) Ltd (90%) A-shares ZAF4 Reed Events Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) A-shares ZAF4 Reed Exhibitions Group (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF4 Reed Venue Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) A-shares ZAF4 Winsearch Services (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF3 Spain Elsevier Espana, S.L. Participations ESP1 Switzerland Elsevier Finance SA Ordinary CHE1 Fircosoft Schweiz GmbH Ordinary CHE2 RELX Risks SA Ordinary CHE1 RELX Swiss Holdings SA Ordinary CHE1 Taiwan Elsevier Taiwan LLC Registered Capital TWN1 Thailand Reed Holding (ThaiLand) Co., Ltd Ordinary THA2 Reed Tradex Company Ltd (49%) Preference shares THAI The Netherlands AGRM Solutions C.V. Partnership Interest NLD1 Elsevier B.V. Ordinary NLD1 Elsevier Employment Services B.V. Ordinary NLD1 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions B.V. Ordinary NLD1 LexisNexis Univentio B.V. Ordinary NLD2 Misset Uitgeverij B.V. (49%) Ordinary NLD4 One Business B.V. Registered Capital NLD5 Reed Business B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Finance B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Holdings B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX NederLand B.V. E Shares / RE Shares NLD1 RELX Overseas B.V. E Shares / RE Shares NLD1 RELX US Holdings (Amsterdam) B.V. Ordinary NLD1 ThreatMetrix BV Ordinary NLD3 Turkey Elsevier STM Bilgi Hizmetleri Limited Șirketi Ordinary TUR1 Reed Tüyap Fuarcilik A.Ș.(50%) A-shares / B-shares TUR2 United Kingdom Adaptris Group Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Adaptris Ltd Ordinary GBR2 BradfieId Brett Holdings Ltd 71/2% Preferred GBR1 Butterworth & Co. (Overseas) Ltd Income, Ordinary Ordinary GBR1 Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd 4.5% Cum. GBR1 Butterworths Ltd Preference, 'A' Ordinary, ‘B’ Ordinary Ordinary GBR5 Cordery Compliance Ltd (72%) Ordinary GBR5 Cordery Ltd (72%) Ordinary GBR5 Crediva Ltd Ordinary GBR6 Dew Events Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Digital Foundry Network (50%) Ordinary GBR4 Drayton Legal Recoveries Ltd Ordinary GBR7 E & P Events LLP (50%) No Shares GBR4 Elsevier Ltd Ordinary GBR8 Elsevier Life Sciences IP Ltd Ordinary GBR8 Formpart (EPS) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Formpart (HPL) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Gamer Edition Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Gamer Events Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Gamer Network Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Gamermania Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Hallplaza Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Imbibe Media Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Indicium Financial Ltd Ordinary GBR10 Information Handling Ltd (85%) Ordinary GBR1 Insurance Initiatives Ltd Ordinary GBR10 Legend Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary GBR4 LexisNexis Risk Solutions UK Ltd Ordinary GBR11 MCM Central Ltd Ordinary GBR2 MCM Expo Ltd Ordinary GBR2 MCM Stategy Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Mendeley Ltd Ordinary GBR8 MLex Ltd (91%) A Ordinary Shares, GBR5 Ordinary Moreover Technologies Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Mosby International Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Newsflo Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Company name Share class Reg office NLife Ltd (23.5%) Ordinary GBR14 Offshore Europe (Management) Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Offshore Europe Partnership (50%) Partnership Interest GBR4 Out There Gaming Ltd (70%) Ordinary GBR4 Oxford Spires Management Co; Ltd (55%) Ordinary GBR12 Peopletracer Ltd Ordinary GBR6 Prean Holdings Ltd Deferred, Ordinary GBR1 RE Directors (No.1) Limited Ordinary GBR1 RE Directors (No.2) Limited Ordinary GBR1 RE (SOE) Ltd Ordinary GBR4 RE Secretaries Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed All-Energy Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Reed Business Information (Holdings) Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Reed Business Information Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Reed Consumer Books Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Elsevier (UIG) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Elsevier Pension Trustee Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Events Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Reed Exhibitions Ltd Deferred, Ordinary GBR4 Reed Midem Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Reed Nominees Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Overseas Corporation Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Publishing Corporation Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX (Holdings) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX (Investments) plc Ordinary GBR1 RELX (UK) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX Finance Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX Group plc Ordinary GBR1 'R' Ordinary RELX Overseas Holdings Ltd Ordinary, GBR1 REV Venture Partners Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RPS Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Symbiotic Technologies Operations Ltd Ordinary GBR15 Tracesmart Group Ltd Ordinary GBR6 Tracesmart Ltd Ordinary GBR6 VG247 Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Wunelli Ltd Ordinary GBR13 United States Accuity Asset Verification Services Inc Common Stock USA1 Accuity Inc Common Stock USA1 Aries Systems Corporation Common USA3 Ordinary Derman, Inc Common Stock USA4 Dunlap-Hanna Publishers (50%) Partnership Interest USA8 Elsevier Inc Common Stock USA3 Elsevier Holdings Inc Common Stock USA3 Elsevier Medical Information LLC Membership Interest USA3 Elsevier STM Inc Common Stock USA3 Enclarity, lnc Common Stock USA2 ExitCare LLC Membership Interest USA3 Flightstats, Inc Common Stock USA5 Gamer Network lnc. Common Stock USA3 Gaming Business Asia LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 Health Market Science, Inc Common Stock USA2 IDG-RBI China Publishers LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 Intelligize, Inc Common Stock USA3 Knovel Corporation Common Stock USA3 Lex Machina lnc Common Stock USA3 LexisNexis Claims Solutions Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Coplogic Solutions Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis of Puerto Rico Inc Common Stock USA10 LexisNexis Risk Assets Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Data Management Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Holdings Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Solutions Inc Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Special Services Inc Common Stock USA6 LexisNexis Rule of Law Foundation Non stock USA10 corporation LexisNexis VitalChek Network Inc Common Stock USA2 Managed Technology Services LLC (51%) Membership Interest USA9 Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. Common Stock USA3 MLex US, Inc (91%) Common Stock USA3 PoliceReports.US, LLC Membership Interest USA2 Portfolio Media, Inc Common Stock USA3 Reed Business Information Inc Common Stock USA5 Reed Technology and Information Services Inc. Common Stock USA3 RELX Capital lnc Common Stock USA4 RELX Inc Common Stock USA3 RELXUS Holdings Inc Common Stock USA3 Reman, Inc Common Stock USA3 REVIV Partnership LP No shares USA4 SAFI Americas LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 Science-Metrix Corporation Common Stock USA3 Symbiotic Technologies Operations Inc. Common USA2 The Elsevier Foundation No Shares USA3 Share Reg Company name class office The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2005 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2006 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2008 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2009 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2010 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2011 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2012 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2013 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Remick Publishers (50%) Partnership Interest USA8 ThreatMetrix, lnc. Common USA2 Ordinary World Compliance, Inc Common Stock USA4 Vietnam Reed TradexVietnam LLC (49%) Ordinary VIE1 Registered offices Australia AUS1: Building B, Level 2, Unit 11,1 Maitland Place, Baulkham Hills NSW 2153, Australia AUS2: Level 10, 10 Help Street, Chatswood NSW 2067, Australia AUS3: 'Tower 2' Level 10, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067 AUS4: Grant Thornton, Level 17, 393 Kent St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia AUS5: KPMG, 147 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vic, 3000 AUS6: Fordham Business Advisors Pty Ltd, Rialto South Tower Level 35, 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vic, 3000 AUS7: Level 1, 439 Gympie Road, Strathpine, QLD 4500 AUS8: 1303, 799 Pacific Highway, Chatswood, NSW 2067 Austria AUT1: Messeplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Austria AUT2: Marxergasse 25,1030, Wien, Austria AUT3: Am Messezentrum 6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria Belgium BEL1: Grotesteenweg-Zuid 39, 9052 Gent, Belgium BEL2: Leernseteenweg 128 Box E, 9800 Deinze, Belgium BEL3: 67 rue de La Loi, 1040 Etterbeek, Belgium Brazil BRA1: Rua Sete de Setembro, n°111, salas 601,1501/1502, 1601/1602, 1701/1702 e 802-8° Andar, Centro, cidade do Rio de Janeiro, estado do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20.050-006 BRA2: São Paulo, State of São Paulo, at Rua Bela Cintra, n°1.200, 8th floor, CEP 01415-002 BRA3: Rua Bela Cintra no. 1200,10th floor, Sâo Paulo, 01415-001, Brazil BRA4: Avenida paulista, 2300-Piso Pilotis room 28, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01310-300 BRA5: Rua Cel Fonseca, 203 A-Centro, Botucatu, SP, 18600-200 Canada CAN1: 123 Commerce Valley Drive East, Suite 700, Markham, Ontario, L3T7W8, Canada CAN2: 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 1C3, Canada CAN3: 555 Rlichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V3B1 CAN4: 26E-1501 av. McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, H3A3N9, Canada China CHN1: Zhongkun Building, Room 612, Gaoliangqiaoxie Street, No. 59, Haidan District, Beijing, 100044, China CHN2: West Building of Administration Building, Xueyuan Road No. 38 Peking University Health Science Center, Haidan District, Beijing, 100191, China CHN3: Oriental Plaza, No. 1 East Chang An Ave,Tower W1, 7th Floor, Unit 1-7, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100738, China CHN4: Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504,15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China CHN5: 4/F Block C, No 999 Jingzhong Road, Changning District, Shanghai, China CHN6: 9/F, No 3 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China CHN7: Unit 2480, Building 2, No. 7, Chuangxin Road, Science Park of Changping District, Beijing, China CHN8: Room 12B, 7th Floor, Oriental Plaza, 1 East Chang An Avenue, Beijing, China CHN9: 16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing, 100717, China CHN10: Room 5106, Raffle City, 268 Middle Xizang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001, China CHN11: Room A 100 of Room 0307, Floor 3, Building 3, 7 Middle Dongsanhuan road, Chaoyang District, Beijing CHN12: lntercontinental Center, 42F, 100 Yutong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, 200070, China CHN13: World Expo Mansion, 14F, No. 04-05, No. 8 Business Out Ring Road, Zhengzou New District, Zhengzou, 450000, China CHN14: Shenzhen International Chamber of Commerce Tower, Room 1801-1802,1805, Fuhua 3rd Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518048, China CHN15: Room 319, 238 Jiangchangsan Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China CHN16: Room 702-2,200 Huiyuan Road, Jiading Industrial Area,Shanghai CHN17: No 498, GouShouJing Road, Building 6 Unit 12502-505, Shanghai, Pudong New District, 201203, China CHN18: Building 2, Room No. 3895, Changjiang Avenue, No. 161, Changliang Farm, Chongming County, Shanghai Municipality CHN19: FL2, No.979, Yunhan Road, Nicheng Town, Pudong NewArea CHN20: 4/F Block C, No999 Jingzhong Road,Changning District, Shanghai, China Colombia COL1: Philippe Prietocarrizosa & Uria Abogados, Carrera 9 No. 74-08 Oficina 105, Bogotá, d.c., 76600, Colombia Denmark DNK1 : Niels Jernes Vej 10,9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark Dubai, UAE UAE1: Office No. 328, Building 02, third floor, P.O. Box 502425, Dubai, United Arab Emirates UAE2: Al Sufouh Complex, Floor 3, No. 304, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Egypt EGY1: Land Mark Office BuiIding, 2nd Floor, 90th Street, City Center, 5th Settlement, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt Registered offices France FRA1: 65, rue Camille Desmoulins, 92130, Issyles Moulineaux, France FRA2: Parc Euronord- 10, rue du Parc- 31150 Bruguieres FRA3: 247 rue de Bercy 75012 Paris FRA4: 141 rue de Javel,75015 Paris FRA5: 52 Quai de Dion Bouton 92800 Puteaux FRA6: lmmeuble «Technopolis», 350 rue Georges Besse-Nîmes (30000) FRA7: 27 quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France FRA8: 6-8 Rue Chaptal, 75009 Paris Germany DEU1: Völklinger Strasse 4,40219, Düsseldorf, Germany DEU3: Theodor-Heuss-Allee 108, D-60488, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany DEU4: Hackerbrücke 6,80335, Munich, Germany DEU5: Heerdter Sandberg 30, 40549, Düsseldorf, Germany DEU6: Schwannstr. 6, 40476 Düsseldorf DEU7: Steinhäuserstrasse 9, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany DEU8: Joseph-Schumpeter-Allee 33,53227, Bonn DEU9: Hauptstrasse 47, 40764, Lagenfeld Hong Kong HNK1: 20/F Alexandra House, 18 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong HNK2: Level 28, Building 8, 3 Pacific Place, 1 Queens Road East, HONG KONG, Hong Kong HNK3: Unit 204 2/F, Malaysia Bldg., 50 Gloucester Rd, Wanchai, Hong Kong HNK4: Level 54 Hopewell Center, 183 Queens Road East (Tricor Office), Hong Kong HNK5: Flat 2,19/F Henan Building 90-92, Jaffe Road Wanchai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong HNK6: 703 Silvercord, Tower 2, 30 Canton Road, Tsimshatsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong HNK7: 3901,39th Floor Hopewell Center, 183 Queens Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong India IND1: 818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Builing, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India IND2: B9/5 Vasant Vihar, New Delhi, 110057, India IND3: n°664 Level 6 – Chennai Regus- Citi Centre – 10/11 Dr Radhakrishnan Salai, Mylapore – Chennai 600004 IND4: 18, Kotla Lane, Rouse Avenue, New Delhi, 110002, India IND5: B-15/192, Pharma Apartments, Patparganj, I.P. Extension, New Delhi, 110092, India IND6: B-9, "A" Block, LSC, Naraina Vihar, Ring Road, New Delhi, 110028, India IND7: #25, 3rd floor, 8th Main Road, Vasanthnager, Bangalore, 560052, India Indonesia IDN1: Panorama Building, 5th Floor, Jalan Tomang Raya No. 63, Jakarta, 11440, Indonesia IDN2: Menara Citicon LeveL8. Unit 8011 & 8012 JL. Letjen S. Parman No. 8 Kav 72 Slipi Palmerah Jakarta Barat 11410 Indonesia Ireland IRL1: 80 Harcourt Street, Dublin 2, Ireland IRL2: Arthur Cox Building, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland IRL3: (A&L Goodbody Secretarial Services), 25/28 North Wall Quay, Dublin 1, D01 H104, Ireland IRL4: Suite 4320, Atlantic Avenue, Westpark Business Campus, Shannon, Clare, Ireland Israel ISR1: Meitar, attorneys at Law, 16 Abba Hillel Road, Ramat Gan, 5250608, Israel Italy ITA1: Via Marostica 1,20146, Milan, Italy ITA2: Studio Colombo e Associati, Via Cino del Duca 5,20122, Milano, Italy ITA3: Milano (Ml) Via Marostica 1 cap 20146 Japan JPN1: Kyodo Tsushin Kaikam 2F, 2-2-5 Toronomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001 JPN2: Ark Mori Building, 1-12-32 Akasaka, Minato-ku,Tokyo, 107-6029, Japan JPN3: 1-9-15, Higashi Azabu, Minato-ku Tokyo Japan JPN4: Shinjuku-Nomura Bldg., 1-26-2 Nishi-shinjuku,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan JPN5: 13-12 Rokubancho, Chiyoda-ku.Tokyo. Japan JPN6: 7F Cross Office Uchisaiwaicho. 1-18-6 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku.Tokyo JPN7: 2-6, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo Korea (South) KOR1: Chunwoo Building, 4th floor, 534 ltaewon-dong,Yongsan-gu,Seoel, 140-861, Korea, Republic of KOR2: 206 Noksapyeong-daero,Yongsan-gu, Seoel, Korea, Republic of KOR3: "Room 4401, Trade Tower, 159-1, Samseong-dong, Gangnam-gu Seoul, 135-729, Republic of Korea" KOR4: 1324 B Lock A Tera Tower 11,201, Songpa-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05854 Luxembourg LUX1: Bloc B 19-21, Route d’Arlon, L-8009 Strassen, Luxembourg Registered offices Malaysia MYS1: 6th Floor, Akademi Etiqa, No. 23 JaLan Melaka, 50100 KuaLa Lumpur, Malaysia Mexico MEX1: Insurgentes Sur # 1388 Piso 8, Col. Actipan, Deleg. Benito Juarez, C.P. 03230 Ciudad de México, México MEX2: Av. Insurgentes No. 1388, Piso 8, Col. Actipan, 03230 Mexico, Mexico Morocco MAR1: Forum Bab Abdelaziz au 62, Angle Blvd. d’Anfa, 6éme etage, Apt 61, Casablanca, Morocco New Zealand NZL1: Level 1,138 The Terrace, P.O. Box 472, Wellington 6011, New Zealand Philippines PHL1: Building H, 2nd Floor, U.P. Ayalaland TechnoHub, Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila, 1101, Philippines Poland POL1: Natpoll Building, ul. Migdalowa 4/59,02-796, Warsaw, Poland Russia RUS1: Pokrovka Street 27, Building 1, Moscow, Russian Federation RUS2: 24 Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str., bldg. 5, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation RUS3: Petrozavodskaya street 28/4, Building VI, room 2,125475, Moscow, Russian Federation Saudi Arabia SAU1: Al Fadl Commercial Center, Jeddah, 21411, Saudi Arabia Singapore SGP1: 3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House 1, Singapore, 239119, Singapore SGP2: 16 Raffles Quay, #33-03 Hong Leong Building,Singapore, 048581,Singapore SGP3: 80 Robinson Road, #02-00, Singapore, 068898, Singapore SGP4: 1 Changi Business Park Crescent, #06-01 PLaza 8 & CBP, Singapore, 48602551, Singapore SGP5: 8 Robinson Road #03-00ASO Building Singapore 048544 South Africa ZAF1: Regus Brooklyn Bridge, 3rd Floor Steven House, Brooklyn Bridge Office Park, Fehrsen Street, Brooklyn, Pretoria ZAF2: Fourways Gold Park, 1st Floor - Wentworth Building, 32 Roos Street, Fourways, 2191, South Africa ZAF3: 215 Peter Mokaba Road (North Ridge Road), Morningside, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 4001, South Africa ZAF4: Thebe House,2nd Floor, 166 Jan Smuts Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa ZAF5: 14 Hertzog Street, Oranjeville, 9415 Spain ESP1: C/ Josep Tarradellas 20-30,1°/20029, Barcelona, Spain ESP2: Calle Zancoeta 0009,48013, Bilbao, Viscaya, Spain Switzerland CHE1: Espace de L’Europe 3,2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland CHE2: Bahnhofstrasse 100-8001 Zurich Taiwan TWN1: Suite N-818,8/F, Chia Hsin Cement Building, 96 Zhong Shan North Road, Section 2, Taipei. 10449. Taiwan Thailand THA1: Sathorn Nakorn Building, Floor 32, No. 100/68-69 North Sathon Road.Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok, 10500,Thailand THA2: 540 Mercury Tower, 22nd Floor, Ploenchit Road, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 The Netherlands NLD1: Radarweg 29,1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands NLD2: Galileiweg 8,2333 BD Leiden, Netherlands NLD3: Evertvan de Beekstraat 1 The Base 3/F, 1118CL Schiphol NLD4: Prins Hendrikstraat 17,7001GK Doetinchem NLD5: Spaklerweg 53,1114AE Amsterdam-Duivendrecht Turkey TUR1: Maslak Mah. Bilim Sokak Sun Plaza Kat:13Șișli-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey TUR2: Tüyap Fuarve Kongre Merkezi,E-5Karayolu Üzeri. GürpinarKavșağı 34500, Büyük9ekmece, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey Registered offices United GBR1: 1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom GBR2: Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom GBR3: AG Gateway Global Network, 85 Great Portland Street, First Floor, London, W1W7LT, United Kingdom GBR4: Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom GBR5: Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A4 HH, United Kingdom GBR6: Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom GBR7: The Eye, 1 Procter Street, London, WC1V6EU, United Kingdom GBR8: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom GBR9: c/o RELX (UK) Limited, Butterworths Limited, 4 Hill Street, Edinburgh, EH23JZ, Scotland GBR10: 35 – 37 St. Marys Gate, Nottingham, United Kingdom, NG1 1PU GBR11: 1st Floor 80 Moorbridge Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, London, SL8 8BW, United Kingdom GBR12: 40 Kimbolton Road, Bedford, England, MK40 2NR GBR13: 1000 Lakeside, Western Road, Portsmouth, P06 3EN, United Kingdom GBR14: Unit 18-19 Loughborough Technology Centre, Epinal Way, Loughborough, England, LE11 3GE GBR15: 1st Floor 80 Moorbridge Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 8BW United States USA1: 1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201 USA2: 1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005 USA3: 230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169 USA4: 1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA5: 3355 West Alabama Street, Houston, TX 77098 USA6: Puerta Del Condado #1095, Wilson Ave, Local # 3,San Juan, PR 00907 USA7: N909 N. Sepulveda Blvd., 11th Floor, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA8: 313 Washington Street, Suite 400, Newton, MA 02458 USA9: 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA10: 9443 Springboro Pike, Miamisburg,OH 45342 Vietnam VIE1: 78 Nguyen Bieu, Ward 1, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City

Basis of Preparation and Acco_4

Basis of Preparation and Accounting Policies - Summary of Changes in Proforma Financial Data (Detail) - GBP (£) £ / shares in Units, £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Proforma financial data [line items]
Revenue	£ 7,492	£ 7,341	£ 6,889
Adjusted operating profit	2,346	2,284	2,114
Reported operating profit	1,964	1,905	1,708
Net finance costs	(211)	(199)	(213)
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders	1,674	1,620	1,473
Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,422	£ 1,648	£ 1,150
Adjusted EPS	£ 0.847	£ 0.802	£ 0.714
Reported EPS	£ 0.719	£ 0.816	£ 0.558
Right of use assets	£ 263	£ 287	£ 326
Borrowings (including lease liability)	(6,365)	(5,253)
Finance lease receivable	£ 49	57	63
As reported [member]
Proforma financial data [line items]
Revenue		7,355	6,895
Adjusted operating profit		2,284
Reported operating profit		1,905	1,708
Net finance costs		(182)	(195)
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		1,635
Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		£ 1,659	£ 1,161
Adjusted EPS		£ 0.810
Reported EPS		£ 0.822	£ 0.563
Right of use assets		£ 16	£ 20
Borrowings (including lease liability)		(4,886)	(4,843)
Deferred income		(1,834)	(1,941)
IFRS 9 impact [member]
Proforma financial data [line items]
Net finance costs		(2)	(2)
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		(2)
Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		£ (2)	£ (2)
Adjusted EPS		£ (0.001)
Reported EPS		£ (0.001)	£ (0.001)
Borrowings (including lease liability)		£ 14	£ 17
IFRS 15 impact [member]
Proforma financial data [line items]
Revenue		(14)	(6)
Adjusted operating profit		(11)
Reported operating profit		(11)	(6)
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		(9)
Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		£ (9)	£ (4)
Adjusted EPS		£ (0.005)
Reported EPS		£ (0.005)	£ (0.002)
Deferred income		£ (76)	£ (67)
IFRS 16 impact [member]
Proforma financial data [line items]
Adjusted operating profit		11
Reported operating profit		11	6
Net finance costs		(15)	(16)
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		£ (4)
Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders			£ (5)
Adjusted EPS		£ (0.002)
Reported EPS			£ (0.002)
Right of use assets		£ 271	£ 306
Borrowings (including lease liability)		(381)	(430)
Finance lease receivable		57	63
As restated [member]
Proforma financial data [line items]
Revenue		7,341	6,889
Adjusted operating profit		2,284
Reported operating profit		1,905	1,708
Net finance costs		(199)	(213)
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		1,620
Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		£ 1,648	£ 1,150
Adjusted EPS		£ 0.802
Reported EPS		£ 0.816	£ 0.558
Right of use assets		£ 287	£ 326
Borrowings (including lease liability)		(5,253)	(5,256)
Finance lease receivable		57	63
Deferred income		£ (1,910)	£ (2,008)

Basis of Preparation and Acco_5

Basis of Preparation and Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Proforma financial data [line items]
Borrowings (including lease liability)	£ (6,365)	£ (5,253)
Decrease in reported operating profit		11	£ 6
Decrease in adjusted operating profit		11
Additional right-of-use assets	31	46
Finance lease receivable	£ 49	57	63
Additional lease liabilities		381	430
Increase in reported operating profit		11	6
Increase in adjusted operating profit		11
Increase to finance costs		15	16
Reduction In opening retained earnings				£ 36
IFRS 9 impact [member]
Proforma financial data [line items]
Borrowings (including lease liability)		14	17
IFRS 16 impact [member]
Proforma financial data [line items]
Borrowings (including lease liability)		(381)	(430)
Additional right-of-use assets		271	306
Finance lease receivable		£ 57	£ 63

Segment Analysis - Additional I

Segment Analysis - Additional Information (Detail) £ in Millions, Participant in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)EventCountryParticipantSegment	Dec. 31, 2017GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2016GBP (£)
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Number of segments | Segment	4
Revenue	£ 7,492	£ 7,341	£ 6,889
Aggregate amount of transaction price allocated	£ 210
Revenue recognition period	10 years
Non-current assets	£ 11,149	9,883	10,783
Share of results of joint ventures	32	37
Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	101	101
Share of results of joint ventures	32	37	37
United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	1,144	1,085	1,048
Non-current assets	£ 988	1,026	961
Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Number of countries face to face events conducted | Country	30
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	£ 1	1	1
Exhibitions [member] | Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Share of results of joint ventures	£ 31	32	27
Exhibitions [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Number of face to face events conducted | Event	500
Number of participant in face to face events | Participant	7
Geographical origin [member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	£ 527	521	502
Legal [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	0	0	3
Legal [member] | Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Share of results of joint ventures	0	5	10
Risk & business analytics [member] | Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Share of results of joint ventures	£ 1	£ 0	£ 0

Segment Analysis - Summary of A

Segment Analysis - Summary of Analysis by Business Segment (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	£ 7,492	£ 7,341	£ 6,889
Adjusted operating profit	2,346	2,284	2,114
Operating segments [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	7,492	7,341	6,889
Adjusted operating profit	2,351	2,289	2,122
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	2,538	2,473	2,318
Adjusted operating profit	942	914	854
Operating segments [member] | Risk & business analytics [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	2,117	2,073	1,905
Adjusted operating profit	776	760	685
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	1,618	1,686	1,619
Adjusted operating profit	320	328	312
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	1,219	1,109	1,047
Adjusted operating profit	313	287	271
Unallocated amounts [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Adjusted operating profit	£ (5)	£ (5)	£ (8)

Segment Analysis - Summary of_2

Segment Analysis - Summary of Analysis of Revenue by Geographical Origin (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	£ 7,492	£ 7,341	£ 6,889
North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	4,013	3,998	3,697
Europe
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	2,790	2,644	2,568
Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	£ 689	£ 699	£ 624

Segment Analysis - Summary of C

Segment Analysis - Summary of Classification of Revenue (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	£ 7,492	£ 7,341	£ 6,889
Revenue	7,492	7,341	6,889
North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,013	3,998	3,697
Revenue	4,013	3,998	3,697
Europe
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,790	2,644	2,568
Revenue	2,790	2,644	2,568
Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	689	699	624
Revenue	689	699	624
Operating segments [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	7,492	7,341	6,889
Revenue	7,492	7,341	6,889
Operating segments [member] | Electronic [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	5,513	5,388	4,948
Revenue	5,513	5,388	4,948
Operating segments [member] | Face to face [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,221	1,122	1,066
Revenue	1,221	1,122	1,066
Operating segments [member] | Print [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	758	831	875
Revenue	758	831	875
Operating segments [member] | Subscriptions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	3,889	3,800	3,612
Revenue	3,889	3,800	3,612
Operating segments [member] | Transactional [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	3,521	3,444	3,163
Revenue	3,521	3,444	3,163
Operating segments [member] | Advertising [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	82	97	114
Revenue	82	97	114
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,538	2,473	2,318
Revenue	2,538	2,473	2,318
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member] | Electronic [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,094	1,995	1,834
Revenue	2,094	1,995	1,834
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member] | Face to face [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	7	10	10
Revenue	7	10	10
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member] | Print [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	437	468	474
Revenue	437	468	474
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member] | Subscriptions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,877	1,776	1,628
Revenue	1,877	1,776	1,628
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member] | Transactional [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	615	646	631
Revenue	615	646	631
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member] | Advertising [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	46	51	59
Revenue	46	51	59
Operating segments [member] | Risk & business analytics [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,117	2,073	1,905
Revenue	2,117	2,073	1,905
Operating segments [member] | Risk & business analytics [member] | Electronic [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,030	1,967	1,758
Revenue	2,030	1,967	1,758
Operating segments [member] | Risk & business analytics [member] | Face to face [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	36	38	37
Revenue	36	38	37
Operating segments [member] | Risk & business analytics [member] | Print [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	51	68	110
Revenue	51	68	110
Operating segments [member] | Risk & business analytics [member] | Subscriptions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	765	732	684
Revenue	765	732	684
Operating segments [member] | Risk & business analytics [member] | Transactional [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,322	1,301	1,172
Revenue	1,322	1,301	1,172
Operating segments [member] | Risk & business analytics [member] | Advertising [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	30	40	49
Revenue	30	40	49
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,618	1,686	1,619
Revenue	1,618	1,686	1,619
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member] | Electronic [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,338	1,384	1,321
Revenue	1,338	1,384	1,321
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member] | Face to face [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	10	7	7
Revenue	10	7	7
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member] | Print [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	270	295	291
Revenue	270	295	291
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member] | Subscriptions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,247	1,291	1,299
Revenue	1,247	1,291	1,299
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member] | Transactional [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	365	389	314
Revenue	365	389	314
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member] | Advertising [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	6	6	6
Revenue	6	6	6
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,219	1,109	1,047
Revenue	1,219	1,109	1,047
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member] | Electronic [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	51	42	35
Revenue	51	42	35
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member] | Face to face [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,168	1,067	1,012
Revenue	1,168	1,067	1,012
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member] | Subscriptions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue		1	1
Revenue		1	1
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member] | Transactional [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,219	1,108	1,046
Revenue	1,219	1,108	1,046
Operating segments [member] | North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,091	4,078	3,775
Revenue	4,091	4,078	3,775
Operating segments [member] | North America [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,118	1,045	960
Revenue	1,118	1,045	960
Operating segments [member] | North America [member] | Risk & business analytics [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,669	1,658	1,499
Revenue	1,669	1,658	1,499
Operating segments [member] | North America [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,083	1,145	1,106
Revenue	1,083	1,145	1,106
Operating segments [member] | North America [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	221	230	210
Revenue	221	230	210
Operating segments [member] | Europe
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,808	1,694	1,711
Revenue	1,808	1,694	1,711
Operating segments [member] | Europe | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	611	617	605
Revenue	611	617	605
Operating segments [member] | Europe | Risk & business analytics [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	322	308	322
Revenue	322	308	322
Operating segments [member] | Europe | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	340	340	330
Revenue	340	340	330
Operating segments [member] | Europe | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	535	429	454
Revenue	535	429	454
Operating segments [member] | Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,593	1,569	1,403
Revenue	1,593	1,569	1,403
Operating segments [member] | Rest of world [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	809	811	753
Revenue	809	811	753
Operating segments [member] | Rest of world [member] | Risk & business analytics [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	126	107	84
Revenue	126	107	84
Operating segments [member] | Rest of world [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	195	201	183
Revenue	195	201	183
Operating segments [member] | Rest of world [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	463	450	383
Revenue	£ 463	£ 450	£ 383

Segment Analysis - Summary of_3

Segment Analysis - Summary of Analysis by Business Segment Expenditure (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	£ 1,049	£ 133	£ 411
Capital expenditure additions	365	355	332
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	288	314	346
Depreciation and other amortisation	364	343	325
Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	106	94	19
Capital expenditure additions	100	95	85
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	56	77	88
Depreciation and other amortisation	109	100	100
Risk & business analytics [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	852		288
Capital expenditure additions	92	83	67
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	161	141	147
Depreciation and other amortisation	76	64	56
Legal [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	30	6	83
Capital expenditure additions	145	153	154
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	33	52	73
Depreciation and other amortisation	147	142	135
Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	61	33	21
Capital expenditure additions	28	24	26
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	36	44	38
Depreciation and other amortisation	£ 35	£ 37	£ 34

Segment Analysis - Summary of_4

Segment Analysis - Summary of Analysis of Non-current Assets by Geographical Location (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Non-current assets	£ 11,149	£ 9,883	£ 10,783
North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Non-current assets	8,692	7,408	8,307
Europe
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Non-current assets	1,996	2,016	1,987
Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Non-current assets	£ 461	£ 459	£ 489

Segment Analysis - Summary of R

Segment Analysis - Summary of Reconciliation of Operating Profit to Adjusted Operating Profit (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Abstract]
Operating profit	£ 1,964	£ 1,905	£ 1,708
Adjustments:
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	288	314	346
Acquisition-related costs	84	56	51
Reclassification of tax in joint ventures	11	10	10
Reclassification of finance income in joint ventures	(1)	(1)	(1)
Adjusted operating profit	£ 2,346	£ 2,284	£ 2,114

Operating Profit - Disclosure o

Operating Profit - Disclosure of Detailed Information About Operating Profit (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Staff costs
Wages and salaries	£ 1,959	£ 1,926	£ 1,767
Social security costs	215	213	198
Pensions	135	95	111
Share based remuneration	41	39	38
Total staff costs	2,350	2,273	2,114
Depreciation and amortisation
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	287	313	342
Share of joint ventures' amortisation of acquired intangible assets	1	1	4
Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets	225	203	189
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	62	65	62
Depreciation of right of use asset	77	75	74
Total depreciation and amortisation	652	657	671
Other expenses and income
Cost of sales including pre-publication costs and inventory expenses	2,638	2,628	2,488
Operating lease rentals expense	18	28	35
Operating lease rentals income	£ (3)	£ (3)	£ (6)

Auditor's Remuneration - Disclo

Auditor's Remuneration - Disclosure of Detailed Information About Auditor's Remuneration (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Auditors' remuneration
Payable to the auditors	£ 10.4	£ 7.9	£ 7.7
Audit services	6.8	6.8	6.2
Total audit and audit related assurance services	7.7	7.6	6.8
Tax services	0		0.4
Total non-audit related services	2.7	0.3	0.9
RELX PLC [member]
Auditors' remuneration
Payable to the auditors	0.9	0.9	0.9
Audit services	0.1	0.1
Payable to the auditors of the Group's subsidiaries [member]
Auditors' remuneration
Payable to the auditors	5.9	5.9	5.3
Audit-related assurance services [member]
Auditors' remuneration
Audit services	0.9	0.8	0.6
Consulting [member]
Auditors' remuneration
Other services	0		0.1
Due diligence and other transaction-related services [member]
Auditors' remuneration
Other services	£ 2.7	£ 0.3	£ 0.4

Auditor's Remuneration - Additi

Auditor's Remuneration - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of auditors remuneration [line items]
Audit related assurance services fee	£ 6.8	£ 6.8	£ 6.2
RELX PLC and RELX NV [member]
Disclosure Of auditors remuneration [line items]
Audit related assurance services fee	£ 0.1	£ 0.1

Personnel - Disclosure of Detai

Personnel - Disclosure of Detailed Information About Number of People Employed (Detail) - Employee	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	32,100	31,000	31,200
Average number of employees	31,800	31,200	30,600
North America [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	13,800	13,500	13,700
Average number of employees	13,700	13,600	13,500
United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	5,200	5,000	4,900
Average number of employees	5,100	5,000	4,800
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	1,200	1,300	1,400
Average number of employees	1,300	1,400	1,500
Rest of Europe [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	2,800	2,800	2,800
Average number of employees	2,800	2,800	2,800
Rest of world [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	9,100	8,400	8,400
Average number of employees	8,900	8,400	8,000
Operating segments [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	31,300	30,200	30,400
Average number of employees	31,000	30,400	29,700
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	7,900	7,500	7,500
Average number of employees	7,700	7,500	7,300
Operating segments [member] | Risk & business analytics [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	8,700	8,100	8,200
Average number of employees	8,600	8,200	7,900
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	10,500	10,600	10,700
Average number of employees	10,600	10,700	10,600
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	4,200	4,000	4,000
Average number of employees	4,100	4,000	3,900
Corporate/shared functions [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	800	800	800
Average number of employees	800	800	900

Pension Schemes - Additional In

Pension Schemes - Additional Information (Detail) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)yr	Dec. 31, 2017GBP (£)yr	Dec. 31, 2016GBP (£)
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Expected pension deficit funding contribution	£ 62
Pension cost recognised within operating profit	135	£ 95	£ 111
Deferred tax assets	£ 455	£ 431	£ 469
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Percentage of actuarial valuations of pension	100.00%
Expected pension deficit funding contribution	£ 44
UK schemes [member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Weighted average duration of defined benefit scheme liabilities | yr	19	20
Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Percentage of actuarial valuations of pension	100.00%
Additional contributions over a period	7 years
Foreign schemes [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Weighted average duration of defined benefit scheme liabilities | yr	12	13
Defined benefit pension plans [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Deferred tax assets	£ 86	£ 66
Defined benefit pension plans [member] | 2019-2022 [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Expected pension deficit funding contribution	176
Defined benefit pension plans [member] | 2020-2023 [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Expected pension deficit funding contribution	132
Funded scheme [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Defined benefit obligation	4,582	4,690
Unfunded scheme [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Defined benefit obligation	£ 230	£ 239

Pension Schemes - Schedule of D

Pension Schemes - Schedule of Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Schemes (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Defined Benefit Plans [Abstract]
Defined benefit pension expense (net of settlement and past service credits in 2018)	£ 47	£ 4	£ 36
Defined contribution pension expense	95	91	75
Total	£ 142	£ 95	£ 111

Pension Schemes - Schedule of_2

Pension Schemes - Schedule of Defined Benefit Pension Schemes (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Service cost	£ 36	£ 47	£ 41
Settlement and past service credits	11	(43)	(5)
Defined benefit pension expense	47	4	36
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	9	15	14
Net defined benefit pension expense	56	19	50
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Service cost	27	33	27
Settlement and past service credits	11	(42)
Defined benefit pension expense	38	(9)	27
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	6	10	9
Net defined benefit pension expense	44	1	36
Foreign schemes [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Service cost	9	14	14
Settlement and past service credits		(1)	(5)
Defined benefit pension expense	9	13	9
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	3	5	5
Net defined benefit pension expense	£ 12	£ 18	£ 14

Pension Schemes - Summary of De

Pension Schemes - Summary of Defined Benefit Pension Expense (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Discount rate	2.85%	2.60%	2.65%
Inflation	3.15%	3.15%	3.25%
US [member] | Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Discount rate	4.20%	3.55%	4.00%
Inflation	2.50%	2.50%	2.50%

Pension Schemes - Summary of Av

Pension Schemes - Summary of Average Life Expectancy Assumptions (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
UK schemes [member] | Member currently aged sixty years [member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Male average life expectancy	85 years
Female average life expectancy	88 years
UK schemes [member] | Member currently aged forty five years [member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Male average life expectancy	87 years
Female average life expectancy	90 years
Foreign schemes [member] | Member currently aged sixty years [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Male average life expectancy	86 years
Female average life expectancy	88 years
Foreign schemes [member] | Member currently aged forty five years [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Male average life expectancy	87 years
Female average life expectancy	89 years

Pension Schemes - Amounts Recog

Pension Schemes - Amounts Recognised in the Statement of Financial Position in Respect of Defined Benefit Pension Schemes (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Service cost	£ (36)	£ (47)	£ (41)
Actuarial (loss)/gain arising from experience assumptions	6	(38)
Settlement and past service credits	(11)	43	5
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(9)	(15)	(14)
Contributions by employer	46	85
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes	(91)	233	(262)
Exchange translation differences	(4)	9
Net defined benefit obligation, at the start of the year	(328)	(636)
Overall net pension obligation	(433)	(328)	(636)
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Service cost	(27)	(33)	(27)
Actuarial (loss)/gain arising from experience assumptions	4	(39)
Settlement and past service credits	(11)	42
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(6)	(10)	(9)
Contributions by employer	39	42
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes	(89)	187
Net defined benefit obligation, at the start of the year	(265)	(493)
Overall net pension obligation	(359)	(265)	(493)
Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	(4,929)	(5,003)
Service cost	(36)	(47)
Past service credits	(11)	43
Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions	176	(16)
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(136)	(143)
Contributions by employees	(8)	(8)
Benefits paid	187	183
Exchange translation differences	(61)	100
At end of year	(4,812)	(4,929)	(5,003)
Present value of defined benefit obligation [member] | UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	(3,854)	(3,883)
Service cost	(27)	(33)
Past service credits	(11)	42
Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions	91	45
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(98)	(101)
Contributions by employees	(8)	(8)
Benefits paid	131	123
At end of year	(3,772)	(3,854)	(3,883)
Fair value of scheme assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	4,601	4,367
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	127	128
Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income	(273)	287
Contributions by employer	46	85
Contributions by employees	8	8
Benefits paid	(187)	(183)
Exchange translation differences	57	(91)
At end of year	4,379	4,601	4,367
Fair value of scheme assets [member] | UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	3,589	3,390
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	92	91
Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income	(184)	181
Contributions by employer	39	42
Contributions by employees	8	8
Benefits paid	(131)	(123)
At end of year	3,413	3,589	3,390
US [member] | Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	(328)
Service cost	(9)	(14)	(14)
Actuarial (loss)/gain arising from experience assumptions	2	1
Settlement and past service credits		1	5
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(3)	(5)	(5)
Contributions by employer	7	43
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes	(2)	46
Exchange translation differences	(4)	9
At end of year	(433)	(328)
Net defined benefit obligation, at the start of the year	(63)	(143)
Overall net pension obligation	(74)	(63)	(143)
US [member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member] | Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	(1,075)	(1,120)
Service cost	(9)	(14)
Past service credits		1
Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions	85	(61)
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(38)	(42)
Benefits paid	56	60
Exchange translation differences	(61)	100
At end of year	(1,040)	(1,075)	(1,120)
US [member] | Fair value of scheme assets [member] | Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	1,012	977
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	35	37
Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income	(89)	106
Contributions by employer	7	43
Benefits paid	(56)	(60)
Exchange translation differences	57	(91)
At end of year	£ 966	£ 1,012	£ 977

Pension Schemes - Summary of Ne

Pension Schemes - Summary of Net Pension Obligations and Net Pension Assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Net pension assets	£ 6	£ 22
Net pension obligation	(439)	(350)	£ (636)
US [member] | Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Net pension assets	6	22
Net pension obligation	(439)	(350)
Overall net pension obligation	£ (433)	£ (328)

Pension Schemes - Amounts Rec_2

Pension Schemes - Amounts Recognised in Statement of Comprehensive Income (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Gains and losses arising during the year:
Experience gains/(losses) on scheme liabilities	£ 6	£ (38)	£ 25
Experience (losses)/gains on scheme assets	(273)	287	548
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes	(91)	233	(262)
Net cumulative losses at start of year	(613)	(846)	(584)
Net cumulative losses at end of year	(704)	(613)	(846)
Discount rates [member]
Gains and losses arising during the year:
Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions	242	(102)	(873)
Inflation [member]
Gains and losses arising during the year:
Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions		69	(96)
Other actuarial assumptions [member]
Gains and losses arising during the year:
Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions	£ (66)	£ 17	£ 134

Pension Schemes - Summary of Fa

Pension Schemes - Summary of Fair Value of Scheme Assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of fair value of plan assets [line items]
Equities	£ 1,243	£ 1,395
Government bonds	1,448	1,616
Corporate bonds	607	622
Property funds and ground leases	723	620
Structured debt and direct lending	290	253
Cash and cash equivalents	30	64
Other	38	31
Total	4,379	4,601
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of fair value of plan assets [line items]
Equities	1,128	1,252
Government bonds	1,224	1,395
Property funds and ground leases	723	620
Structured debt and direct lending	290	253
Cash and cash equivalents	26	46
Other	22	23
Total	3,413	3,589
Foreign schemes [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of fair value of plan assets [line items]
Equities	115	143
Government bonds	224	221
Corporate bonds	607	622
Cash and cash equivalents	4	18
Other	16	8
Total	£ 966	£ 1,012

Pension Schemes - Sensitivity A

Pension Schemes - Sensitivity Analysis of Actuarial Assumptions (Detail) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)
Actuarial assumption of discount rates [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Effect of increase/decrease in actuarial assumption on defined benefit pension obligations	£ 207
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Effect of increase/decrease in actuarial assumption on defined benefit pension obligations	94
Actuarial assumption of Mortality Rates [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Effect of increase/decrease in actuarial assumption on defined benefit pension obligations	£ 177

Pension Schemes - Sensitivity_2

Pension Schemes - Sensitivity Analysis of Actuarial Assumptions (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Actuarial assumption of discount rates [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Increase/decrease in actuarial assumption, percentage	0.25%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Increase/decrease in actuarial assumption, percentage	0.25%
Actuarial assumption of Mortality Rates [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Increase/decrease in actuarial assumption, period	1 year

Net Finance Costs - Summary of

Net Finance Costs - Summary of Net Finance Costs (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Net Finance Costs [Abstract]
Interest on short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	£ (22)	£ (10)	£ (15)
Interest on term debt	(161)	(154)	(161)
Interest on lease liabilities	(14)	(17)	(18)
Total borrowing costs	(197)	(181)	(194)
Losses on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges	(10)	(9)	(15)
Fair value losses on designated fair value hedge relationships	(1)
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(9)	(15)	(14)
Finance costs	(217)	(205)	(223)
Interest on bank deposits	4	3	6
Interest income on net finance lease receivables	2	2	2
Fair value gains on designated fair value hedge relationships		1
Gains on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges			2
Finance income	6	6	10
Net finance costs	£ (211)	£ (199)	£ (213)

Net Finance Costs - Additional

Net Finance Costs - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Interest Costs [Abstract]
Net gain (loss) on interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	£ (8)	£ 63	£ (26)
Hedge reserve reclassified to income statement	£ 3	65	(27)
Gain (loss) related to foreign exchange movements on debt hedges		78	(18)
Offset of foreign exchange gains (loss)on the related debt		£ 78	£ 18

Disposals and other non-opera_3

Disposals and other non-operating items - Summary of Disposals and Other Non-operating Items (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Disposals And Nonoperating Items [Abstract]
Revaluation of investments	£ (11)	£ 5	£ (13)
(Loss)/Gain on disposal of businesses and assets held for sale	(22)	10	(23)
Net (loss)/gain on disposals and other non-operating items	£ (33)	£ 15	£ (36)

Taxation - Summary of Tax Expen

Taxation - Summary of Tax Expense (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current tax
Current tax	£ (297)	£ (439)	£ (374)
Deferred tax	5	374	73
Tax expense	(292)	(65)	(301)
United Kingdom [member]
Current tax
Current tax	(71)	(104)	(80)
Netherlands [member]
Current tax
Current tax	(72)	(77)	(51)
Rest of world [member]
Current tax
Current tax	£ (154)	£ (258)	£ (243)

Taxation - Additional Informati

Taxation - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Jan. 01, 2021	Apr. 01, 2020	Jan. 01, 2020	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Tax paid (net)					£ 415	£ 449	£ 402
Applicable tax rate					19.90%	22.60%	22.40%
Reported tax rate					17.00%	3.80%	20.60%
Unused trading losses [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Unused losses for which no deferred tax asset has been recognised					£ 213	£ 143
Deferred tax asset not recognised					52	34
Unrecognised losses expiration within 10 years					93	30
Unrecognised losses expiration more than 10 years					121	113
Unused tax losses and other temporary differences [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Unused losses for which no deferred tax asset has been recognised					24	23
Deferred tax asset not recognised which can only be used to offset future capital gains					£ 4	£ 4
United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Applicable tax rate					19.00%
Reported tax rate					17.00%	3.80%	20.60%
United Kingdom [member] | Changes in tax rates or tax laws enacted or announced [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Applicable tax rate		17.00%
US [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Federal corporate tax rate					35.00%
Deferred tax charge in other comprehensive income					£ 1
US [member] | Changes in tax rates or tax laws enacted or announced [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Federal corporate tax rate				21.00%
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Applicable tax rate					25.00%
Deferred tax credit					£ 8	£ 346	£ 1
Netherlands [member] | Changes in tax rates or tax laws enacted or announced [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Applicable tax rate	20.50%		22.55%
Weighted average [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Applicable tax rate					19.90%	22.60%	22.40%

Taxation - Weighted Average of

Taxation - Weighted Average of Tax Rates Applicable to Accounting Profits and Losses (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Reconciliation Of Accounting Profit Multiplied By Applicable Tax Rates [Abstract]
Profit before tax	£ 1,720	£ 1,721	£ 1,459
Tax at average applicable rates	(342)	(389)	(326)
Tax effect of share of results of joint ventures	8	7	7
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes	(24)	(15)	(19)
US state taxes	(19)	(18)	(13)
Non-deductible costs of share based remuneration	(1)	(1)	(1)
Non-deductible disposal-related gains and losses		(36)	(8)
Deferred tax assets of the period not recognised	(24)	(10)	(2)
Change in recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities	(15)	16	33
Other adjustments in respect of prior periods	13	35	28
Exceptional tax credit	112	346
Tax expense	£ (292)	£ (65)	£ (301)
Tax at average applicable rates	19.90%	22.60%	22.40%
Tax effect of share of results of joint ventures	(0.50%)	(0.40%)	(0.50%)
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes	1.40%	0.90%	1.30%
US state taxes	1.10%	1.00%	0.90%
Non-deductible costs of share based remuneration	0.10%	0.10%	0.10%
Non-deductible disposal-related gains and losses	0.00%	2.10%	0.50%
Deferred tax assets of the period not recognised	1.40%	0.60%	0.10%
Change in recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities	0.90%	(0.90%)	(2.30%)
Other adjustments in respect of prior periods	(0.80%)	(2.10%)	(1.90%)
Exceptional tax credit	(6.50%)	(20.10%)	0.00%
Tax expense	17.00%	3.80%	20.60%

Taxation - Tax Recognised in Ot

Taxation - Tax Recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or Directly in Equity (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Tax on items that may be reclassified to profit or loss
Tax on actuarial movements on defined benefit pension schemes	£ 15	£ (59)	£ 45
Tax on fair value movements on cash flow hedges	9	(30)	19
Net tax (debit)/credit recognised in other comprehensive income	24	(89)	64
Tax credit on share based remuneration recognised directly in equity	£ (3)	£ 8	£ 10

Taxation - Summary of Deferred

Taxation - Summary of Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities [Abstract]
Deferred tax assets	£ 455	£ 431	£ 469
Deferred tax liabilities	(830)	(738)	(1,137)
Total	£ (375)	£ (307)	£ (668)

Taxation - Movements in Deferre

Taxation - Movements in Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	£ (307)	£ (668)
Credit/(charge) to profit	5	374
(Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income	12	(89)
Acquisitions	(51)	(2)
Exchange translation differences	(34)	78
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	(375)	(307)
Excess of tax allowances over amortisation [member] | Deferred tax liabilities [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	(267)	(393)
Credit/(charge) to profit	75	97
Exchange translation differences	(12)	29
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	(204)	(267)
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Deferred tax liabilities [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	(426)	(767)
Credit/(charge) to profit	13	298
Acquisitions	(88)	(2)
Exchange translation differences	(26)	45
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	(527)	(426)
Other temporary differences [member] | Deferred tax liabilities [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	(302)	(338)
Credit/(charge) to profit	13	2
(Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income		7
Exchange translation differences	(17)	27
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	(306)	(302)
Other temporary differences [member] | Deferred tax assets [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	278	352
Credit/(charge) to profit	(16)	(30)
(Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income	(3)	(20)
Exchange translation differences	14	(24)
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	273	278
Excess of amortisation over tax allowances [member] | Deferred tax assets [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	257	263
Credit/(charge) to profit	(51)	(15)
Exchange translation differences	1	9
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	207	257
Tax losses carried forward [member] | Deferred tax assets [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	87	70
Credit/(charge) to profit	(32)	22
Acquisitions	37
Exchange translation differences	4	(5)
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	96	87
Pension balances [member] | Deferred tax assets [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	66	145
Credit/(charge) to profit	3
(Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income	15	(76)
Exchange translation differences	2	(3)
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	£ 86	£ 66

Earnings Per Share - Summary of

Earnings Per Share - Summary of Earnings Per Share - 2018, 2017 and 2016 (Detail) - GBP (£) £ / shares in Units, £ in Millions, shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,422	£ 1,648	£ 1,150
Weighted average number of shares, Basic	1,977.2	2,019.4	2,062.3
EPS, Basic	£ 0.719	£ 0.816	£ 0.558
Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,422	£ 1,648	£ 1,150
Weighted average number of shares, Diluted	1,990.8	2,035.2	2,079.8
EPS, Diluted	£ 0.714	£ 0.810	£ 0.553

Earnings Per Share - Summary _2

Earnings Per Share - Summary of Adjusted Earnings Per Share (Detail) - GBP (£) £ / shares in Units, £ in Millions, shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,674	£ 1,620	£ 1,473
Weighted average number of shares	1,977.2	2,019.4	2,062.3
Adjusted EPS	£ 0.847	£ 0.802	£ 0.714

Earnings Per Share - Summary _3

Earnings Per Share - Summary of Reconciliation of Adjusted Net Profit Attributable to Parent (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,422	£ 1,648	£ 1,150
Adjustments (post-tax):
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	322	356	364
Acquisition-related costs	71	43	38
Net financing charge on defined benefit pension schemes	7	11	10
Disposals and other non-operating items	19	1	2
Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets	(55)	(93)	(91)
Exceptional tax credit	(112)	(346)
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,674	£ 1,620	£ 1,473

Statement of cash flows - Sched

Statement of cash flows - Schedule of Reconciliation of Profit Before Tax to Cash Generated from Operations (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Abstract]
Profit before tax	£ 1,720	£ 1,721	£ 1,459
Disposals and other non-operating items	33	(15)	36
Net finance costs	211	199	213
Operating profit	1,964	1,905	1,708
Share of results of joint ventures	(32)	(37)	(37)
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	287	313	342
Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets	225	203	189
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	62	65	62
Depreciation of right of use asset	77	75	74
Share based remuneration	41	39	38
Total non-cash items	692	695	705
Decrease/(increase) in inventories and pre-publication costs	(7)	2	(24)
Decrease/(increase) in receivables	(89)	37	(145)
(Decrease)/increase in payables	27	(76)	104
Increase in working capital	(69)	(37)	(65)
Cash generated from operations	£ 2,555	£ 2,526	£ 2,311

Statement of cash flows - Sch_2

Statement of cash flows - Schedule of Cash Flow on Acquisitions (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Abstract]
Purchase of businesses	£ (919)	£ (117)	£ (336)
Investment in joint ventures		(1)	(1)
Deferred payments relating to prior year acquisitions	(16)	(13)	(24)
Total	£ (935)	£ (131)	£ (361)

Statement of cash flows - Sch_3

Statement of cash flows - Schedule of Reconciliation of Net Borrowings (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Cash Flow Statement [line items]
Cash and cash equivalents at start of year	£ (111)	£ (162)	£ (122)
Borrowings at start of year	(5,253)
Net borrowings at start of year	(5,042)	(5,050)	(4,095)
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents	1	(45)	9
Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	(147)	148	(271)
Issuance of term debt	(958)	(873)	(603)
Repayment of term debt	211	712	474
Repayment of finance leases	81	78	74
Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows	(812)	20	(317)
Borrowings in acquired businesses	(12)
Remeasurement and derecognition of leases	(12)	(6)	(14)
Inception of leases	(28)	(36)	(49)
Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives	(25)	(11)	(24)
Cash and cash equivalents, exchange translation differences	(2)	6	(31)
Exchange translation differences	(246)	41	(551)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	(114)	(111)	(162)
Borrowings at end of year	(6,365)	(5,253)
At end of year	(6,177)	(5,042)	£ (5,050)
Cash and cash equivalents [member]
Disclosure of Cash Flow Statement [line items]
Cash and cash equivalents at start of year	111
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents	1
Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows	1
Cash and cash equivalents, exchange translation differences	2
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	114	111
Borrowings [member]
Disclosure of Cash Flow Statement [line items]
Borrowings at start of year	(5,253)
Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	(147)
Issuance of term debt	(958)
Repayment of term debt	211
Repayment of finance leases	95
Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows	(799)
Borrowings in acquired businesses	(12)
Remeasurement and derecognition of leases	(12)
Inception of leases	(31)
Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives	(7)
Exchange translation differences	(251)
Borrowings at end of year	(6,365)	(5,253)
Related derivative financial instruments [member]
Disclosure of Cash Flow Statement [line items]
Derivatives at start of year	43
Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives	(18)
Derivatives at end of year	25	43
finance lease receivable [member]
Disclosure of Cash Flow Statement [line items]
Net borrowings at start of year	57
Repayment of finance leases	(14)
Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows	(14)
Inception of leases	3
Exchange translation differences	3
At end of year	£ 49	£ 57

Acquisitions - Consideration Pa

Acquisitions - Consideration Paid for Acquiring Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Business Combinations [Abstract]
Goodwill	£ 626	£ 77	£ 222
Intangible assets	423	56	189
Property, plant and equipment	5		1
Current assets	24	3	12
Non current assets	12
Current liabilities	(72)	(16)	(20)
Borrowings	(12)
Deferred tax	(51)	(2)	(35)
Net assets acquired	955	118	369
Consideration (after taking account of £27m (2017: £7m; 2016: £10m) net cash acquired)	955	118	369
Less: consideration deferred to future years	(36)	(1)	(15)
Less: acquisition date fair value of equity interest			(18)
Net cash flow	£ 919	£ 117	£ 336

Acquisitions - Consideration _2

Acquisitions - Consideration Paid for Acquiring Assets and Liabilities (Parenthetical) (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Business Combinations [Abstract]
Cash of acquired businesses at acquisition date	£ 27	£ 7	£ 10

Acquisitions - Additional Infor

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 21, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Business Combinations [Line Items]
Consideration (after taking account of net cash acquired)	£ 955		£ 118	£ 369
Goodwill	626		77	222
Intangible assets	423		56	189
Acquisition relating to trade and other payables	72		16	20
Net deferred tax liabilities recognised as of acquisition date	51		£ 2	£ 35
Revenue contributed by business acquisition	98
Increased adjusted operating profit	7
Decreased net profit	34
Integration costs and amortisation of acquired intangibles	41
Net cash inflow from operating activities contributed by business acquisition	4
Group revenue, pro forma basis	7,531
Adjusted operating profit, pro forma basis	2,347
Adjusted net profit, pro forma basis	£ 1,420
ThreatMetrix [member]
Disclosure Of Business Combinations [Line Items]
Share capital acquired		100.00%
Consideration (after taking account of net cash acquired)		£ 585
Goodwill		373
Intangible assets		279
Acquisition relating to trade and other payables		41
Net deferred tax liabilities recognised as of acquisition date		£ 34

Equity Dividends - Ordinary Div

Equity Dividends - Ordinary Dividends Paid (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Dividends [line items]
Ordinary dividends paid	£ 796	£ 762	£ 683
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of Dividends [line items]
Ordinary dividends paid	420	400	356
RELX NV [member]
Disclosure of Dividends [line items]
Ordinary dividends paid	£ 376	£ 362	£ 327

Equity Dividends - Additional I

Equity Dividends - Additional Information (Detail) £ / shares in Units, £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)£ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)€ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017£ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017€ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016£ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016€ / shares
Disclosure of Dividends [line items]
Dividend payables | £	£ 583	£ 583
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of Dividends [line items]
Final dividend	£ 0.277		£ 0.257		£ 0.223
Interim dividend	0.124		0.117		0.1025
Total dividends	0.401		0.374		0.3255
Final dividend proposed	0.297		0.277		0.257
Dividend proposed	£ 0.421		£ 0.394		£ 0.3595
RELX NV [member]
Disclosure of Dividends [line items]
Final dividends payment to former shareholders | € / shares		£ 0.316		€ 0.301		€ 0.288
Interim dividend payment to former shareholders | € / shares		£ 0.140		€ 0.132		€ 0.122

Goodwill - Summary of Changes i

Goodwill - Summary of Changes in Goodwill (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Reconciliation Of Changes In Goodwill [Abstract]
At start of year	£ 5,965	£ 6,392
Acquisitions	626	77
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(25)	(72)
Transfers		11
Exchange translation differences	333	(443)
At end of year	£ 6,899	£ 5,965

Goodwill - Additional Informati

Goodwill - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Goodwill	£ 6,899,000,000	£ 5,965,000,000	£ 6,392,000,000
Impairment of goodwill	£ 0	0
Nominal long-term market growth rates maximum forecast period	5 years
Increase in discount rate	0.50%
Decrease in the compound annual growth rate for cash flow	2.00%
Decrease in nominal long-term market growth rates	0.50%
Impairment charges result from sensitivity analysis	£ 0
Description of changes in methods and assumptions used in preparing sensitivity analysis	A sensitivity analysis has been performed based on changes in key assumptions considered to be reasonably possible by management: an increase in the discount rate of 0.5%, a decrease in the compound annual growth rate for cash flow in the five-year forecast period of 2.0%, and a decrease in the nominal long-term market growth rates of 0.5%. The sensitivity analysis shows that no impairment charges would result from these scenarios.
Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Goodwill	£ 1,222,000,000	1,173,000,000
Accumulated impairment [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Goodwill	£ 9,000,000	£ 9,000,000

Goodwill - Summary of Goodwill

Goodwill - Summary of Goodwill by Segment (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Goodwill	£ 6,899	£ 5,965	£ 6,392
Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Goodwill	1,620	1,479
Risk & Business Analytics [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Goodwill	3,283	2,595
Legal [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Goodwill	1,465	1,390
Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Goodwill	£ 531	£ 501

Goodwill - Key Assumptions Used

Goodwill - Key Assumptions Used for Each Group of Cash Generating Units (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Pre-tax discount rate	10.00%	10.10%
Nominal long-term market growth rate	3.00%	3.00%
Risk & Business Analytics [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Pre-tax discount rate	11.50%	12.30%
Nominal long-term market growth rate	3.00%	3.00%
Legal [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Pre-tax discount rate	12.20%	12.70%
Nominal long-term market growth rate	2.00%	2.00%
Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Pre-tax discount rate	12.70%	12.60%
Nominal long-term market growth rate	3.00%	3.00%

Intangible Assets - Additional

Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets	£ 3,534	£ 3,194	£ 3,604
Market and customer-related [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	3
Market and customer-related [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	40 years
Content, software and other [member] | Acquired pre-IFRS [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets	£ 80	120
Content, software and other [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	3
Content, software and other [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	20 years
Internally developed intangible assets [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	3
Internally developed intangible assets [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	10 years
Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives	£ 119	£ 112

Intangible Assets - Summary of

Intangible Assets - Summary of Intangible Assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	£ 3,194	£ 3,604
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	3,534	3,194
Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	9,702	10,101
Acquisitions	423	56
Additions	304	304
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(174)	(144)
Transfers		(23)
Exchange translation differences	440	(592)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	10,695	9,702
Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	6,508	6,497
Charge for the year	512	516
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(137)	(131)
Exchange translation differences	278	(374)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	7,161	6,508
Acquired intangible assets [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	2,058
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	2,317	2,058
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	7,011	7,551
Acquisitions	423	56
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(26)	(102)
Transfers		(23)
Exchange translation differences	341	(471)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	7,749	7,011
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	4,953	5,032
Charge for the year	287	313
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(26)	(88)
Exchange translation differences	218	(304)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	5,432	4,953
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Market and customer-related [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	1,612
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	1,859	1,612
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Market and customer-related [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	3,519	3,872
Acquisitions	310	32
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(15)	(26)
Transfers		(50)
Exchange translation differences	211	(309)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	4,025	3,519
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Market and customer-related [member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	1,907	1,893
Charge for the year	169	188
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(15)	(16)
Exchange translation differences	105	(158)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	2,166	1,907
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Content, software and other [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	446
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	458	446
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Content, software and other [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	3,492	3,679
Acquisitions	113	24
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(11)	(76)
Transfers		27
Exchange translation differences	130	(162)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	3,724	3,492
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Content, software and other [member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	3,046	3,139
Charge for the year	118	125
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(11)	(72)
Exchange translation differences	113	(146)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	3,266	3,046
Internally developed intangible assets [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	1,136
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	1,217	1,136
Internally developed intangible assets [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	2,691	2,550
Additions	304	304
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(148)	(42)
Exchange translation differences	99	(121)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	2,946	2,691
Internally developed intangible assets [member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	1,555	1,465
Charge for the year	225	203
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(111)	(43)
Exchange translation differences	60	(70)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	£ 1,729	£ 1,555

Investments - Summary of Invest

Investments - Summary of Investments (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Investment [line items]
Investments in joint ventures	£ 104	£ 102	£ 102
Investments [member]
Investment [line items]
Investments in joint ventures	104	102
Available for sale investments		2
Venture capital investments	151	139
Total	£ 255	£ 243

Investments - Summary of Analys

Investments - Summary of Analysis of Changes in Carrying Value of Investments in Joint Ventures (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Analysis Of Changes In The Carrying Value Of Investments In Joint Ventures [Abstract]
At start of year	£ 102	£ 102
Share of results of joint ventures	32	37
Dividends received from joint ventures	(30)	(38)	£ (44)
Additions	2	2
Exchange translation differences	(2)	(1)
At end of year	£ 104	£ 102	£ 102

Investments - Summary of Group'

Investments - Summary of Group's Share of Joint Ventures (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Summary Of Group Share Of Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Revenue	£ 7,492	£ 7,341	£ 6,889
Net profit for the year	32	37
Total assets	13,999	12,632	13,714
Total liabilities	(11,640)	(10,319)	(11,406)
Net assets	2,359	2,313	2,308
Goodwill	6,899	5,965	6,392
Total	104	102	102
Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure Of Summary Of Group Share Of Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Revenue	101	101
Net profit for the year	32	37	£ 37
Total assets	96	85
Total liabilities	(49)	(42)
Net assets	47	43
Goodwill	57	59
Total	£ 104	£ 102

Property, Plant and Equipment -

Property, Plant and Equipment - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment	£ 198,000,000	£ 194,000,000	£ 223,000,000
Freehold land [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Depreciation	0	0
Property, plant and equipment	£ 14,000,000	£ 14,000,000
Freehold buildings [Member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	50 years
Long lease [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	50 years
Leasehold improvements [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	shorter of life of lease and 10 years
Plant [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	20 years
Plant [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	P3Y
Office furniture, fixtures and fittings [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	10 years
Office furniture, fixtures and fittings [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	P5Y
Computer systems, communication networks and equipment [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	7 years
Computer systems, communication networks and equipment [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	P3Y

Property, Plant and Equipment_2

Property, Plant and Equipment - Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
At start of year	£ 194	£ 223
At end of year	198	194
Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
At start of year	816	861
Acquisitions	5
Capital expenditure	56	51
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(48)	(43)
Exchange translation differences	34	(53)
At end of year	863	816
Accumulated depreciation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
At start of year	622	638
Charge for the year	62	65
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(46)	(40)
Exchange translation differences	27	(41)
At end of year	665	622
Land and buildings [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
At start of year	80
At end of year	77	80
Land and buildings [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
At start of year	217	231
Capital expenditure	5	5
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(8)	(3)
Exchange translation differences	9	(16)
At end of year	223	217
Land and buildings [member] | Accumulated depreciation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
At start of year	137	139
Charge for the year	9	9
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(6)	(1)
Exchange translation differences	6	(10)
At end of year	146	137
Fixtures and fittings [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
At start of year	114
At end of year	121	114
Fixtures and fittings [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
At start of year	599	630
Acquisitions	5
Capital expenditure	51	46
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(40)	(40)
Exchange translation differences	25	(37)
At end of year	640	599
Fixtures and fittings [member] | Accumulated depreciation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
At start of year	485	499
Charge for the year	53	56
Disposals/reclassified as held for sale	(40)	(39)
Exchange translation differences	21	(31)
At end of year	£ 519	£ 485

Financial Instruments - Liquidi

Financial Instruments - Liquidity Risk - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2017GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Maximum maturity amount of short-term debt	£ 1,500,000,000
Committed bank facility	£ 2,354,000,000		$ 3,000
Committed bank facility maturity period	2 years
Tranche One [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Committed bank facility	£ 1,373,000,000		1,750
Committed bank facility maturity date	2023-07
Tranche Two [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Committed bank facility	£ 981,000,000		$ 1,250
Committed bank facility maturity date	2021-07
Derivatives not designated as hedges [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, at fair value	£ 13,000,000	£ 12,000,000
Financial instruments designated as hedging instruments, at fair value	7,000,000	14,000,000
Fair value hedges [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	15,000,000	15,000,000
Derivative financial assets	33,000,000	20,000,000
Cash flow hedges [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	41,000,000	30,000,000
Derivative financial assets	£ 7,000,000	£ 81,000,000
Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Minimum levels of maintained borrowing maturities	3 years
Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Minimum levels of maintained borrowing maturities	5 years

Financial Instruments - Summary

Financial Instruments - Summary of Remaining Contractual Maturities for Borrowings and Derivative Financial Instruments (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	£ (6,365)	£ (5,253)
Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(1,392)	(762)
1-2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(595)	(678)
2-3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(521)	(582)
3-4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(730)	(502)
4-5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(696)	(658)
More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(2,341)	(2,071)
Fixed rate borrowings [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(6,080)	(5,130)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(752)	(331)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | 1-2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(610)	(703)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | 2-3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(552)	(575)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | 3-4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(879)	(518)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | 4-5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(732)	(805)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(2,555)	(2,198)
Lease liabilities [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(411)	(450)
Lease liabilities [member] | Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(104)	(100)
Lease liabilities [member] | 1-2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(92)	(91)
Lease liabilities [member] | 2-3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(75)	(79)
Lease liabilities [member] | 3-4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(47)	(64)
Lease liabilities [member] | 4-5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(30)	(34)
Lease liabilities [member] | More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(63)	(82)
Floating rate borrowings [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(690)	(469)
Floating rate borrowings [member] | Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(686)	(464)
Floating rate borrowings [member] | More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Contractual cash flow from borrowings	(4)	(5)
Carrying amount [member] | Fixed rate borrowings [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(5,315)	(4,393)
Carrying amount [member] | Lease liabilities [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(360)	(391)
Carrying amount [member] | Floating rate borrowings [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(690)	(469)
Contractual cash flow [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(7,281)	(6,073)
Contractual cash flow [member] | Interest rate derivatives [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(19)	(870)
Derivative financial assets	37	35
Contractual cash flow [member] | Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(707)	(2,795)
Derivative financial assets	635	828
Contractual cash flow [member] | Forward foreign exchange contracts [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(2,079)
Derivative financial assets	2,033	2,796
Contractual cash flow [member] | Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(1,572)	(904)
Contractual cash flow [member] | Within 1 year [member] | Interest rate derivatives [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(2)	(258)
Derivative financial assets	12	13
Contractual cash flow [member] | Within 1 year [member] | Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(48)	(2,148)
Derivative financial assets	33	246
Contractual cash flow [member] | Within 1 year [member] | Forward foreign exchange contracts [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(1,498)
Derivative financial assets	1,473	2,139
Contractual cash flow [member] | 1-2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(718)	(790)
Contractual cash flow [member] | 1-2 years [member] | Interest rate derivatives [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(2)	(17)
Derivative financial assets	13	11
Contractual cash flow [member] | 1-2 years [member] | Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(21)	(418)
Derivative financial assets	8	7
Contractual cash flow [member] | 1-2 years [member] | Forward foreign exchange contracts [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(375)
Derivative financial assets	361	422
Contractual cash flow [member] | 2-3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(647)	(652)
Contractual cash flow [member] | 2-3 years [member] | Interest rate derivatives [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(2)	(18)
Derivative financial assets	3	10
Contractual cash flow [member] | 2-3 years [member] | Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(21)	(188)
Derivative financial assets	8	7
Contractual cash flow [member] | 2-3 years [member] | Forward foreign exchange contracts [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(181)
Derivative financial assets	173	193
Contractual cash flow [member] | 3-4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(939)	(593)
Contractual cash flow [member] | 3-4 years [member] | Interest rate derivatives [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(2)	(18)
Derivative financial assets	1	1
Contractual cash flow [member] | 3-4 years [member] | Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(21)	(41)
Derivative financial assets	8	7
Contractual cash flow [member] | 3-4 years [member] | Forward foreign exchange contracts [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(25)
Derivative financial assets	26	42
Contractual cash flow [member] | 4-5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(774)	(854)
Contractual cash flow [member] | 4-5 years [member] | Interest rate derivatives [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(3)	(18)
Derivative financial assets	5
Contractual cash flow [member] | 4-5 years [member] | Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(39)
Derivative financial assets	25	7
Contractual cash flow [member] | More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(2,631)	(2,280)
Contractual cash flow [member] | More than 5 years [member] | Interest rate derivatives [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(8)	(541)
Derivative financial assets	3
Contractual cash flow [member] | More than 5 years [member] | Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(557)
Derivative financial assets	553	554
Contractual cash flow [member] | Carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(6,387)	(5,195)
Contractual cash flow [member] | Carrying amount [member] | Interest rate derivatives [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(15)	(2)
Derivative financial assets	21	20
Contractual cash flow [member] | Carrying amount [member] | Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(1)	(42)
Derivative financial assets	13	42
Contractual cash flow [member] | Carrying amount [member] | Forward foreign exchange contracts [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(53)
Derivative financial assets	£ 13	£ 53

Financial Instruments - Market

Financial Instruments - Market Risk - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Assumed weakening of foreign currencies	10.00%
Decrease in carrying value of net assets due to assumed weakening of foreign currencies	£ 782	£ 650
Decrease in net borrowings	£ 625	473
Assumed strengthening of foreign currencies	10.00%
Increase the carrying value of net assets, excluding net borrowings	£ 782	650
Increase net borrowings	625	473
Decrease in net profit	127	147
Increase in net profit	£ 127	147
Foreign currency exposure management [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedging of highly predictable future cash flows	24 months
Foreign currency exposure management [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical subscription businesses [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedging of highly predictable future cash flows	50 months
Market risk [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Percentage of borrowings with either fixed interest rate or fixed through the use of interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements or options	45.00%
Borrowings, interest rate basis	1.00%
Decrease in net finance costs	£ 32	26
Increase in net finance costs	32	26
Increase in net equity	1	2
Decrease in net equity	£ 1	£ 2

Financial Instruments - Credit

Financial Instruments - Credit Risk - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Cash and cash equivalents	£ 114,000,000	£ 111,000,000	£ 162,000,000	£ 122,000,000
Trade receivables	1,829,000,000	1,682,000,000
Up to one month [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Trade receivables	181,000,000	220,000,000
Two to three months [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Trade receivables	93,000,000	97,000,000
Four to six months [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Trade receivables	37,000,000	44,000,000
Greater than six months [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Trade receivables	35,000,000	40,000,000
Credit risk [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Cash and cash equivalents	£ 114,000,000	£ 111,000,000
Credit risk [member] | Banks rated A-/A3 [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Percentage of cash and cash equivalents held with bank".	93.00%	90.00%

Financial Instruments - Summa_2

Financial Instruments - Summary of Cash Flow Hedges (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions, U_pure in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (2,623)	£ (2,020)
€550m loan notes and €550m interest rate swaps maturing 2020 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (494)	(489)
Fixed Rate	250.00%
Floating Rate	LIBOR+1.1%
€500m bond and €500m interest rate swaps maturing 2021 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (449)	(444)
Fixed Rate	40.00%
Floating Rate	LIBOR+0.3%
$700m bond and $700m interest rate swaps maturing 2023 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (549)	0
Fixed Rate	350.00%
Floating Rate	LIBOR+0.8%
€500m bond and €500m interest rate swaps maturing 2024 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (449)	(444)
Fixed Rate	100.00%
Floating Rate	LIBOR+0.7%
€600m bond and €600m/$669.3m cross-currency interest rate swaps maturing 2025 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (525)	(495)
Fixed Rate	130.00%
Floating Rate	LIBOR+1.3%
$200m bond and $200m interest rate swaps maturing 2027 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (157)	£ (148)
Fixed Rate	720.00%
Floating Rate	LIBOR+5.8%

Financial Instruments - Summa_3

Financial Instruments - Summary of Gains and Losses on the Borrowings and Related Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m		£ (1)	£ (1)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	£ (1)	1
31 December 2018 £m	(1)		(1)
Carrying values £m	(2,628)	(2,064)	(1,382)
USD debt [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m	12	16	2
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m		(1)	13
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	1	(1)	1
31 December 2018 £m	13	12	16
Carrying values £m	(701)	(147)	(378)
De-designated £m		(2)
USD debt Related interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m	(12)	(16)	(2)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	(1)	1	(13)
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	(1)	1	(1)
31 December 2018 £m	(14)	(12)	(16)
Carrying values £m	(14)	(12)	(16)
De-designated £m		2
total of USD debt and Interest rate swaps [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	(1)
31 December 2018 £m	(1)
Carrying values £m	(715)	(159)	(403)
GBP Debt [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m			(14)
De-designated £m			14
EUR debt [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m	(17)	(33)	(9)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	(21)	17	(21)
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	(1)	(1)	(3)
31 December 2018 £m	(39)	(17)	(33)
Carrying values £m	(1,952)	(1,922)	(1,011)
GBP Debt Related Interest Rate Swaps [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m			14
De-designated £m			(14)
EUR Debt related interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m	17	32	8
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	21	(16)	21
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	1	1	3
31 December 2018 £m	39	17	32
Carrying values £m	39	17	32
Total of Eur debt and interest rate swaps [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m		(1)	(1)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m		1
31 December 2018 £m			(1)
Carrying values £m	(1,913)	(1,905)	(979)
Net Relating to USD, GBP, EUR And CHF Debt [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m	(5)	(17)	(21)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	(21)	16	(8)
Exchange gain/(loss) £m		(2)	(2)
31 December 2018 £m	(26)	(5)	(17)
Carrying values £m	(2,653)	(2,069)	(1,398)
De-designated £m		(2)	14
Total related interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
1 January 2018 £m	5	16	20
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	20	(15)	8
Exchange gain/(loss) £m		2	2
31 December 2018 £m	25	5	16
Carrying values £m	£ 25	5	16
De-designated £m		£ 2	£ (14)

Financial Instruments - Fair Va

Financial Instruments - Fair Value Hedges - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2008
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Cash inflow from de-designation of derivatives previously held at fair value			£ 62
Fair value hedge de-designated in 2008 [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Fair value adjustments to borrowings de-designated in a fair value hedge relationship	£ 23	£ 24
Amortisation of fair value adjustments	£ 3	£ 3

Financial Instruments - Cash Fl

Financial Instruments - Cash Flow Hedges - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	May 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Financial Instruments [Abstract]
Bonds issued			£ 600
Deferred tax charge (credit) in respect of hedge reserve gains (losses)	£ 8	£ (1)
Cash flow hedge gain (loss) recognised in revenue	20	90
Cash flow hedge gain (loss) recognised in finance costs	3	65
Tax credits in relation to cash flow hedges	£ 3	£ 1

Financial Instruments - Summa_4

Financial Instruments - Summary of Movements in the Hedge Reserve Including Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	£ (2)	£ (161)
Gain (Losses) arising during the period	(59)	137	£ (165)
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	17	25	46
Exchange translation differences		(3)
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	(44)	(2)	(161)
Interest rate hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	5	8
Gain (Losses) arising during the period		63
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	(3)	(65)
Exchange translation differences		(1)
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	1	5	8
Reclassification on 1 January 2018		(1)
Cost of hedging reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gain (Losses) arising during the period	(8)
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	(7)
Reclassification on 1 January 2018		1
Foreign currency hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	(7)	(169)
Gain (Losses) arising during the period	(51)	74
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	20	90
Exchange translation differences		(2)
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	£ (38)	£ (7)	£ (169)

Financial Instruments - Summa_5

Financial Instruments - Summary of Deferred Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Currently Expected to Recognised in Future Period (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	£ (44)	£ (2)	£ (161)
Foreign currency hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	(38)	£ (7)	£ (169)
Principal Amount of Hedges [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	1,259
2,019
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	(20)
2019 | Foreign currency hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	(14)
2019 | Principal Amount of Hedges [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	481
2,020
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	(13)
2020 | Foreign currency hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	(13)
2020 | Principal Amount of Hedges [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	486
2,021
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	(10)
2021 | Foreign currency hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	(10)
2021 | Principal Amount of Hedges [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	228
2,022
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	(1)
2022 | Foreign currency hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	(1)
2022 | Principal Amount of Hedges [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	£ 64

Inventories and Pre-publicati_3

Inventories and Pre-publication Costs - Summary of Inventories and Pre-Publication Costs (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Information About Inventories Explanatory [Abstract]
Raw materials	£ 2	£ 2
Pre-publication costs	171	157
Finished goods	39	38
Total	£ 212	£ 197	£ 209

Trade and Other Receivables - S

Trade and Other Receivables - Summary of Trade and Other Receivables (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Trade And Other Receivables [Abstract]
Trade receivables	£ 1,829	£ 1,682
Loss allowance	(87)	(79)	£ (56)
Trade receivables before prepayments and accrued income	1,742	1,603
Prepayments and accrued income	224	219
Net finance lease receivable	49	57	£ 63
Total	£ 2,015	£ 1,873

Trade and Other Receivables -_2

Trade and Other Receivables - Summary of Movements in Loss Allowance for Expected Credit Losses (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Trade And Other Receivables [Abstract]
At start of year	£ 79	£ 56
Charge for the year	14	39
Trade receivables written off	(8)	(15)
Exchange translation differences	2	(1)
At end of year	£ 87	£ 79

Trade and Other Payables - Summ

Trade and Other Payables - Summary of Trade and Other Payables (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Trade And Other Payables [Abstract]
Trade payables	£ 187	£ 240
Accruals	711	663
Social security and other taxes	127	114
Other payables	407	371
Deferred income	2,000	1,910
Total	£ 3,432	£ 3,298	£ 3,479

Borrowings - Summary of types o

Borrowings - Summary of types of Borrowings both Current and Non-current (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	£ 6,365	£ 5,253
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	686	464
Term debt, excluding fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	2,422	1,891
Lease liabilities [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	360	391
Term debt, in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	2,652	2,069
Term debt, previously in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	245	438
Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	1,392	762
Within 1 year [member] | Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	686	464
Within 1 year [member] | Term debt, excluding fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	614	209
Within 1 year [member] | Lease liabilities [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	92	89
More than 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	4,973	4,491
More than 1 year [member] | Term debt, excluding fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	1,808	1,682
More than 1 year [member] | Lease liabilities [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	268	302
More than 1 year [member] | Term debt, in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	2,652	2,069
More than 1 year [member] | Term debt, previously in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total	£ 245	£ 438

Borrowings - Additional Informa

Borrowings - Additional Information (Detail) € in Millions, £ in Millions, SFr in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2017GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2018CHF (SFr)	Dec. 31, 2017EUR (€)
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortised cost (excluding lease liabilities)	£ 3,254	£ 2,522
Percentage ownership of a subsidiary	100.00%
Committed bank facility	£ 2,354		$ 3,000
Term debt	544	742		€ 600	SFr 275	€ 600
Fair value of derivative financial instruments	19	38
Term debt, in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total fair value of term debt	2,742	2,148
Term debt, previously in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total fair value of term debt	283	£ 501
Tranche One [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Committed bank facility	£ 1,373		1,750
Committed bank facility maturity date	2023-07
Tranche Two [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Committed bank facility	£ 981		$ 1,250
Committed bank facility maturity date	2021-07

Borrowings - Summary of Repayme

Borrowings - Summary of Repayment Years for Borrowings (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	£ 686	£ 464
Term debt	5,319	4,398
Lease liabilities	360	391
Total	6,365	5,253
Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	686	464
Term debt	614	209
Lease liabilities	92	89
Total	1,392	762
1-2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Term debt	508	593
Lease liabilities	87	85
Total	595	678
2-3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Term debt	451	508
Lease liabilities	70	74
Total	521	582
3-4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Term debt	688	444
Lease liabilities	42	58
Total	730	502
4-5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Term debt	669	630
Lease liabilities	27	28
Total	696	658
More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Term debt	2,389	2,014
Lease liabilities	42	57
Total	2,341	2,071
More than 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Term debt	4,705	4,189
Lease liabilities	268	302
Total	£ 4,973	£ 4,491

Borrowings - Analysis of Borrow

Borrowings - Analysis of Borrowings by Currency (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	£ 686	£ 464
Term debt	5,319	4,398
Lease liabilities	360	391
Total	6,365	5,253
US dollars [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	19	103
Term debt	2,493	2,044
Lease liabilities	177	187
Total	2,689	2,334
Pounds Sterling [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	314	262
Term debt	300	299
Lease liabilities	66	69
Total	683	630
Euro [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	318	76
Term debt	2,526	2,055
Lease liabilities	85	97
Total	2,929	2,228
Other Currencies [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	32	23
Lease liabilities	32	38
Total	£ 64	£ 61

Lease arrangements - Summary of

Lease arrangements - Summary of right of use assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Finance Lease And Operating Lease By Lessee [Line Items]
At start of year	£ 287	£ 325
Additions	31	46
Acquisitions	12
Remeasurement	13	8
Disposals	(10)	(8)
Depreciation	(77)	(75)	£ (74)
Exchange translation differences	7	(9)
At end of year	263	287	325
Property [member[
Disclosure Of Finance Lease And Operating Lease By Lessee [Line Items]
At start of year	264	298
Additions	26	41
Acquisitions	7
Remeasurement	13	8
Disposals	(2)	(8)
Depreciation	(68)	(67)
Exchange translation differences	6	(8)
At end of year	246	264	298
Non-property [member]
Disclosure Of Finance Lease And Operating Lease By Lessee [Line Items]
At start of year	23	27
Additions	5	5
Acquisitions	5
Disposals	(8)	0
Depreciation	(9)	(8)
Exchange translation differences	1	(1)
At end of year	£ 17	£ 23	£ 27

Lease arrangements - Summary _2

Lease arrangements - Summary of Lease liability (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Finance Lease And Operating Lease By Lessee [Line Items]
Total lease liabilities	£ (360)	£ (391)
Property [member[
Disclosure Of Finance Lease And Operating Lease By Lessee [Line Items]
Current lease liabilities	(83)	(81)
Non-current lease liabilities	(260)	(295)
Non-property [member]
Disclosure Of Finance Lease And Operating Lease By Lessee [Line Items]
Current lease liabilities	(9)	(8)
Non-current lease liabilities	£ (8)	£ (7)

Lease Arrangements - Additional

Lease Arrangements - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Presentation Of Leases For Lessee [Abstract]
Interest expense on lease liabilities	£ 14	£ 17	£ 18
Leases with future cash outflows	£ 40

Lease Arrangements - Summary _3

Lease Arrangements - Summary of Right of Use Asset (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Finance Lease And Operating Lease By Lessee [Abstract]
Net finance lease receivable	£ 49	£ 57

Provisions - Summary of Changes

Provisions - Summary of Changes in Provisions (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Other Provisions [Abstract]
At start of year	£ 63	£ 86
Utilised	(14)	(17)
Exchange translation differences	2	(6)
Total	£ 51	£ 63

Provisions - Summary of Provisi

Provisions - Summary of Provisions Included Within Current and Non-current Liabilities (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Other Provisions [Abstract]
Current liabilities	£ 15	£ 12
Non-current liabilities	36	51
Total	£ 51	£ 63	£ 86

Share Capital, Share Premium _3

Share Capital, Share Premium and Shares Held in Treasury - Summary of Called up Share Capital Issued and Fully Paid (Detail) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)shares	Dec. 31, 2018EUR (€)shares	Dec. 31, 2017GBP (£)shares	Dec. 31, 2017EUR (€)shares	Dec. 31, 2016GBP (£)shares	Dec. 31, 2016EUR (€)shares
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year | £	£ 224,000,000		£ 226,000,000
At end of year | £	£ 290,000,000		£ 224,000,000		£ 226,000,000
Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification	(3,500,000)	(3,500,000)
Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification	(70,100,000)	(70,100,000)
Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification | €		€ (65)
Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification | €		€ (5)
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year	1,123,682,106	1,123,682,106	1,144,122,623	1,144,122,623
Issue of ordinary shares	1,580,885	1,580,885	2,019,483	2,019,483
Issue of ordinary shares in exchange for RELX NV shares	930,780,110	930,780,110
Cancellation of shares	(45,000,000)	(45,000,000)	(22,460,000)	(22,460,000)	(33,700,000)	(33,700,000)
At end of year	2,011,043,101	2,011,043,101	1,123,682,106	1,123,682,106	1,144,122,623	1,144,122,623
At start of year | £	£ 162,000,000		£ 165,000,000
Issue of ordinary shares in exchange for RELX NV shares | £	134,000,000
Cancellation of shares | £	(6,000,000)		(3,000,000)
At end of year | £	£ 290,000,000		£ 162,000,000		£ 165,000,000
RELX NV [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year	999,961,098	999,961,098	1,019,893,404	1,019,893,404
Issue of ordinary shares	888,128	888,128	2,067,694	2,067,694
At end of year			999,961,098	999,961,098	1,019,893,404	1,019,893,404
At start of year | €		€ 70		€ 71
Cancellation of shares			£ (22,000,000)	(1)
At end of year | €				€ 70		€ 71
Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification	(930,780,110)	(930,780,110)
Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification	(70,069,116)	(70,069,116)

Share Capital, Share Premium _4

Share Capital, Share Premium and Shares Held in Treasury - Summary of Number of Ordinary Shares (Detail) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year
At end of year	2,011,000,000
Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification	(3,500,000)
Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification	(70,100,000)
At start of period, treasury shares
Cancellation of treasury shares	930,780,110
At end of year, treasury shares	(49,100,000)
Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification	3,500,000
Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification	70,100,000
Share capital [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of period	2,003,700,000	962,200,000
Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification	927,300,000	0
Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification	0	0
Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification	(927,300,000)	0
Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification	0	0
At end of year	1,961,900,000	2,003,700,000	962,200,000
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year	1,123,600,000
Issue of ordinary shares	1,580,885	2,019,483
Issue of ordinary shares in exchange for RELX NV shares	930,780,110
Cancellation of shares	(45,000,000)	(22,460,000)	(33,700,000)
At end of year	2,011,000,000	1,123,600,000
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(26,900,000)	(23,100,000)	(29,200,000)
RELX PLC [member] | Shares held in treasury [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Net (purchase)/release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust	(200,000)
At start of period, treasury shares	(63,500,000)
Issue of ordinary shares in exchange for RELX NV shares	(3,500,000)
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(26,900,000)
Cancellation of treasury shares	45,000,000
At end of year, treasury shares	(49,100,000)	(63,500,000)
RELX PLC [member] | Share capital [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of period	1,060,100,000	1,080,500,000
Issue of ordinary shares	1,600,000	2,000,000
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(26,900,000)	(23,100,000)
Net release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust	(200,000)	700,000
Issue of ordinary shares in exchange for RELX NV shares	927,300,000
At end of year	1,961,900,000	1,060,100,000	1,080,500,000
RELX NV [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year	1,000,000,000
Issue of ordinary shares	888,128	2,067,694
Repurchase of ordinary shares	0
At end of year	0	1,000,000,000
Net release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust	0
Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification	(930,780,110)
Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification	(70,069,116)
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(17,500,000)	(21,400,000)	(26,100,000)
Cancellation of ordinary shares on completion of the corporate simplification	930,780,110
Cancellation of treasury shares on completion of the corporate simplification	70,069,116
RELX NV [member] | Shares held in treasury [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of period, treasury shares	(56,400,000)
Issue of treasury shares	0
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(17,500,000)
At end of year, treasury shares	0	(56,400,000)
Net release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust	300,000
RELX NV [member] | Share capital [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of period	943,600,000
Issue of ordinary shares	900,000	2,100,000
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(17,500,000)	(21,400,000)
Net release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust	300,000	700,000
At end of year	0	943,600,000

Share Capital, Share Premium _5

Share Capital, Share Premium and Shares Held in Treasury - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 07, 2018GBP (£)	Feb. 28, 2019shares	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)£ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)€ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2017GBP (£)shares	Dec. 31, 2016GBP (£)shares
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Cancellation of treasury shares			930,780,110
Consideration amount for repurchases of shares | £			£ 700,000,000		£ 700,000,000	£ 700,000,000
Consideration amount for employee benefit trust shares purchased | £			43,000,000		39,000,000	29,000,000
Employee benefit trust shares purchase amount | £			90,000,000	£ 90,000,000	£ 82,000,000	£ 81,000,000
Authorised amount for Share repurchase | £			£ 100,000,000
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Repurchase of ordinary shares			26,900,000		23,100,000	29,200,000
Average price paid per share repurchased | £ / shares			£ 15.78
Consideration amount for repurchases of shares | £			£ 700,000,000		£ 700,000,000	£ 700,000,000
Employee benefit trust shares purchased			2,900,000
Shares held by the employee benefit trust			7,130,366	7,130,366	3,493,817	4,229,442
Shares held in treasury			42,023,020	42,023,020	60,077,786	59,415,287
Cancellation of treasury shares			45,000,000		22,460,000	33,700,000
Non-discretionary share repurchase commitment | £	£ 100,000,000
RELX PLC [member] | Ordinary Share Purchase [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Repurchase of ordinary shares		6,000,000
RELX NV [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Repurchase of ordinary shares			17,500,000		21,400,000	26,100,000
Average price paid per share repurchased | € / shares				£ 17.73
Consideration amount for repurchases of shares | £			£ 700,000,000		£ 700,000,000	£ 700,000,000

Other Reserves - Summary of Oth

Other Reserves - Summary of Other Reserves (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of other reserves [line items]
RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,422	£ 1,648	£ 1,150
Dividends paid	804	772	692
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes	(91)	233	(262)
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges	(59)	137	(165)
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	(17)	(25)	(46)
Tax recognised in other comprehensive income	24	(89)	64
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	35	42	44
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses	21	32	23
Cancellation of shares	0	0	0
Settlement of share awards	0	0	0
Hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of other reserves [line items]
Other reserves, at start of year	(3)
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges	(59)
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	17
Tax recognised in other comprehensive income	9
Other reserves, at end of year	(36)	(3)
Other Reserves [member]
Disclosure of other reserves [line items]
Other reserves, at start of year	428
RELX PLC shareholders	1,422
Dividends paid	(796)
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes	(91)
Tax recognised in other comprehensive income	15
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	35
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses	(227)
Cancellation of shares	262
Settlement of share awards	(35)
Exchange translation differences	7
Other reserves, at end of year	1,020	428
Other reserves [member]
Disclosure of other reserves [line items]
Other reserves, at start of year	425	(215)
RELX PLC shareholders	1,422	1,648
Dividends paid	(796)	(762)
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes	(91)	233
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges	(59)	137
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	17	25
Tax recognised in other comprehensive income	24	(89)
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	35	42
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses	(227)	0
Cancellation of shares	262	(566)
Settlement of share awards	(35)	(37)
Exchange translation differences	7	9
Other reserves, at end of year	£ 984	£ 425	£ (215)

Related Party Transactions - Ad

Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Deemed benefits provided to Non-executive directors		£ 2,460	£ 0
Loans, advances or guarantees on behalf of directors	£ 0	0	0
Aggregate gains made by executive directors		2,804,358	3,082,715
Joint ventures where entity is venturer [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Revenue from sale of goods, related party transactions	1,000,000	16,000,000	2,000,000
Revenue from rendering of services, related party transactions	100,000	100,000	0
Amounts receivable, related party transactions	2,000,000	2,000,000	0
Amounts payable, related party transactions	£ 900,000	£ 1,000,000	£ 0

Related Party Transactions - Su

Related Party Transactions - Summary of Key Management Personnel Remuneration (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Transactions Between Related Parties [Abstract]
Salaries, other short-term employee benefits and non-executive fees	£ 7	£ 5	£ 5
Post-employment benefits	1	1	1
Share based remuneration	7	8	12
Total	£ 15	£ 14	£ 18

Related Party Transactions - _2

Related Party Transactions - Summary of Executive Directors Remuneration (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Transactions Between Related Parties [Abstract]
Executive directors salary	£ 1,935	£ 1,889	£ 1,843
Executive directors benefits	99	101	88
Executive directors annual incentive	3,033	1,964	1,881
Executive directors cost of share based remuneration	7,003	8,205	12,038
Executive directors cost of pension provision	741	983	1,052
Total executive directors	£ 12,811	£ 13,142	£ 16,902

Related Party Transactions - _3

Related Party Transactions - Summary of Non-Executive Directors Remuneration (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Transactions Between Related Parties [Abstract]
Fees and benefits	£ 1,634	£ 1,396	£ 1,364

Exchange Rates - Summary of Exc

Exchange Rates - Summary of Exchange Rates in Preparing Consolidated Statements (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Euro to sterling [member] | Income statement [member]
Disclosure Of Foreign Exchange Rates [Line Items]
Average foreign exchange rate	1.13	1.14	1.22
Euro to sterling [member] | Statement of financial position [member]
Disclosure Of Foreign Exchange Rates [Line Items]
Closing foreign exchange rate	1.11	1.12
US dollars to sterling [member] | Income statement [member]
Disclosure Of Foreign Exchange Rates [Line Items]
Average foreign exchange rate	1.34	1.29	1.36
US dollars to sterling [member] | Statement of financial position [member]
Disclosure Of Foreign Exchange Rates [Line Items]
Closing foreign exchange rate	1.27	1.35

Related undertakings - Summary

Related undertakings - Summary of Full list of Related Parties - Australia to Italy (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Australia [member] | Adaptris Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Adaptris Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Building B, Level 2, Unit 11, 1 Maitland Place, Baulkham Hills NSW 2153,Australia
Australia [member] | ELsevier (Australia) Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ELsevier (Australia) Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	‘Tower 2’ Level 10, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067
Australia [member] | Fair Events Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Fair Events Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	Grant Thornton, Level 17, 393 Kent St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
Australia [member] | Fitness Show Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Fitness Show Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	80.00%
Reg office	Fordham Business Advisors Pty Ltd, Rialto South Tower Level 35, 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vic, 3000
Australia [member] | Reed Business Information (Australia) Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business Information (Australia) Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Building B, Level 2, Unit 11,1 Maitland Place, Baulkham Hills NSW 2153, Australia
Australia [member] | SST Software Australia Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SST Software Australia Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Level 1, 439 Gympie Road, Strathpine, QLD 4500
Australia [member] | Reed Exhibitions Australia Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Australia Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Level 10, 10 Help Street, Chatswood NSW 2067, Australia
Australia [member] | Symbiotic Technologies Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Symbiotic Technologies Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1303, 799 Pacific Highway, Chatswood, NSW 2067
Australia [member] | Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	‘Tower 2’ Level 10, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067
Australia [member] | Symbiotic Technologies Operation Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Symbiotic Technologies Operation Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1303, 799 Pacific Highway, Chatswood, NSW 2067
Australia [member] | Reed Oz Comic-Con Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Oz Comic-Con Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	80.00%
Reg office	Level 10, 10 Help Street, Chatswood NSW 2067, Australia
Australia [member] | Threat Metrix Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Threat Metrix Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1303, 799 Pacific Highway, Chatswood, NSW 2067
Australia [member] | RELX Australia Pty Limited [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Australia Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Level 10, 10 Help Street, Chatswood NSW 2067, Australia
Austria [member] | Expoxx Messebau GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Expoxx Messebau GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Messeplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Austria
Austria [member] | LexisNexis Verlag ARD ORAC GmbH & Co KG [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Verlag ARD ORAC GmbH &Co KG
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Marxergasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria
Austria [member] | ORAC Gesellschaft m.b.H. [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ORAC Gesellschaft m.b.H.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Marxergasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria
Austria [member] | Reed CEE GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed CEE GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Messeplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Austria
Austria [member] | Reed Messe Salzburg GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Messe Salzburg GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Am Messezentrum 6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
Austria [member] | Reed Messe Wien GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Messe Wien GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Messeplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Austria
Austria [member] | RELX Austria GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Austria GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Am Messezentrum 6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
Austria [member] | System Stand Bau GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	System Stand Bau GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Am Messezentrum 6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
Belgium [member] | LexisNexis BVBA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis BVBA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Grotesteenweg-Zuid 39, 9052 Gent, Belgium
Belgium [member] | First 4 Farming Europe NV [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	First 4 Farming Europe NV
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Leernseteenweg 128 Box E, 9800 Deinze, Belgium
BRAZIL | Fircosoft Brazil Consultoriae Servicos de lnformatica Ltda [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Fircosoft Brazil Consultoriae Servicos de lnformatica Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	São Paulo, State of São Paulo, at Rua Bela Cintra, n°1.200, 8th floor, CEP 01415-002
BRAZIL | Elsevier Editora Ltda [member] | Quotas [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Editora Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua Sete de Setembro, nº 111, salas 601,1501/1502, 1601/1602, 1701/1702 e 802 – 8º Andar, Centro, cidade do Rio de Janeiro, estado do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20.050-006
BRAZIL | LexisNexis Informacoes e Sistemas Empresariais Ltda [member] | Quotas shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Informações e Sistemas Empresariais Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua Bela Cintra no. 1200, 10th floor, Sâo Paulo, 01415-001, Brazil
BRAZIL | Lexis Nexis Serviços de Análise de Risco Ltda [member] | Quotas shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Lexis Nexis Serviços de Análise de Risco Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua Bela Cintra no. 1200, 10th floor, Sâo Paulo, 01415-001, Brazil
BRAZIL | MLex Brasil Midia Mercadoligica Ltda [member] | Quotas [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MLex Brasil Midia Mercadoligica Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	91.00%
Reg office	Avenida paulista, 2300-Piso Pilotis room 28, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01310-300
BRAZIL | Reed Exhibitions Alcantara Machado Ltda [member] | Quotas shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Alcântara Machado Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua Bela Cintra no. 1200, 10th floor, Sâo Paulo, 01415-001, Brazil
BRAZIL | SST Software do Brasil Ltda [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SST Software do Brasil Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua Cel Fonseca, 203 A-Centro, Botucatu, SP, 18600-200
Canada [member] | LexisNexis Canada Inc. [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Canada Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	123 Commerce Valley Drive East, Suite 700, Markham, Ontario, L3T 7W8, Canada
Canada [member] | RELX Canada Ltd. [member] | Unlimited class B shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Canada Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	555 RIichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V 3B1
Canada [member] | RELX Canada Ltd. [member] | Unlimited class A shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Canada Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	555 RIichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V 3B1
Canada [member] | RELX Canada Ltd. [member] | Unlimited class C shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Canada Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	555 Rlichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V3B1
Canada [member] | RELX Canada Ltd. [member] | Unlimited class D shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Canada Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	555 Rlichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V3B1
Canada [member] | RELX Canada Ltd. [member] | Unlimited class E shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Canada Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	555 Rlichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V3B1
Canada [member] | RELX Canada Ltd. [member] | Unlimited class F shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Canada Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	555 Rlichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V3B1
Canada [member] | RELX Canada Ltd. [member] | Unlimited class G shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Canada Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	555 Rlichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V3B1
Canada [member] | RELX Canada Ltd. [member] | Unlimited class H shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Canada Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	555 Rlichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V3B1
Canada [member] | Science-Metrix lnc [member] | Class A commonshares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Science-Metrix lnc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	26E-1501 av. McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, H3A3N9, Canada
Canada [member] | Science-Metrix lnc [member] | Class B common shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Science-Metrix lnc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	26E-1501 av. McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, H3A3N9, Canada
Canada [member] | Science-Metrix lnc [member] | Class A preferred shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Science-Metrix lnc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	26E-1501 av. McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, H3A3N9, Canada
Canada [member] | Science-Metrix lnc [member] | Class B preferred shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Science-Metrix lnc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	26E-1501 av. McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, H3A3N9, Canada
Canada [member] | Science-Metrix lnc [member] | Class C preferred shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Science-Metrix lnc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	26E-1501 av. McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, H3A3N9, Canada
Canada [member] | Science-Metrix lnc [member] | Class D preferred shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Science-Metrix lnc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	26E-1501 av. McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, H3A3N9, Canada
Canada [member] | ThreatMetrix (Canada) Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ThreatMetrix (Canada) Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 1C3, Canada
China [member] | Beijing Bakery China Exhibitions Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Beijing Bakery China Exhibitions Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	25.00%
Reg office	Zhongkun Building, Room 612, Gaoliangqiaoxie Street, No. 59, Haidan District, Beijing, 100044, China
China [member] | Beijing Medtime Elsevier Education Technology Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Beijing Medtime Elsevier Education Technology Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	West Building of Administration Building, Xueyuan Road No. 38 Peking University Health Science Center, Haidan District, Beijing, 100191, China
China [member] | Beijing Reed Elsevier Science and Technology Co, Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Beijing Reed Elsevier Science and Technology Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Oriental Plaza, No. 1 East Chang An Ave, Tower W1, 7th Floor, Unit 1-7, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100738, China
China [member] | Beijing Reed Guanghe Exhibition Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Beijing Reed Guanghe Exhibition Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	80.00%
Reg office	Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504, 15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China
China [member] | C-One Energy Co Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	C-One Energy Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	9/F, No 3 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
China [member] | Genilex Information Technology Co. Ltd. [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Genilex Information Technology Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	40.00%
Reg office	Unit 2480, Building 2, No. 7, Chuangxin Road, Science Park of Changping District, Beijing, China
China [member] | ICIS Consulting (Beijing) Co Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ICIS Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Room 12B, 7th Floor, Oriental Plaza, 1 East Chang An Avenue, Beijing, China
China [member] | KeAi Communications Co Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing, 100717, China
China [member] | MLex Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MLex Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	91.00%
Reg office	Room A 100 of Room 0307, Floor 3, Building 3, 7 Middle Dongsanhuan road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
China [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Shanghai) Information Technologies Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Shanghai) Information Technologies Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Room 5106, Raffle City, 268 Middle Xizang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001, China
China [member] | Reed Elsevier Information Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd. [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Elsevier Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Oriental Plaza, No. 1 East Chang An Ave, Tower W1, 7th Floor, Unit 1-7, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100738, China
China [member] | Reed Exhibitions (China) Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions (China) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504, 15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China
China [member] | Reed Business Information (Shanghai) Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business Information (Shanghai) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	4/F Block C, No999 Jingzhong Road,Changning District, Shanghai, China
China [member] | Reed Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co. Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Intercontinental Center, 42F, 100 Yutong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, 200070, China
China [member] | Reed Hongda Exhibitions (Henan) Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Hongda Exhibitions (Henan) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	51.00%
Reg office	World Expo Mansion, 14F, No. 04-05, No. 8 Business Out Ring Road, Zhengzou New District, Zhengzou, 450000, China
China [member] | Reed Huabai Exhibitions Beijing Co Ltd [Member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Huabai Exhibitions (Beijing) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	51.00%
Reg office	Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504, 15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China
China [member] | Reed Exhibitions Henjin Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Henjin Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	FL2, No.979, Yunhan Road, Nicheng Town, Pudong NewArea
China [member] | Reed Huabo Exhibitions (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Huabo Exhibitions (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	65.00%
Reg office	Shenzhen International Chamber of Commerce Tower, Room 1801-1802, 1805, Fuhua 3rd Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518048, China
China [member] | Reed Huaqun ExhibitionsCo., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Huaqun ExhibitionsCo., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	52.00%
Reg office	Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504,15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China
China [member] | Reed Kuozhan Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Kuozhan Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	60.00%
Reg office	lntercontinental Center, 42F, 100 Yutong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, 200070, China
China [member] | Reed Sinopharm ExhibitionsCo., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Sinopharm ExhibitionsCo., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504,15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China
China [member] | RELX (China) Investment Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (China) Investment Co., Ltd
Reg office	Room 319, 238 Jiangchangsan Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China
China [member] | Shanghai Datong Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Shanghai Datong Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd
Reg office	No 498, GouShouJing Road, Building 6 Unit 12502-505, Shanghai, Pudong New District, 201203, China
China [member] | Shanghai SinoReal Exhibitions Co., Ltd [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Shanghai SinoReal Exhibitions Co., Ltd (27.5%)
Percentage of undertaking	27.50%
Reg office	Building 2, Room No. 3895, Changjiang Avenue, No. 161, Changliang Farm, Chongming County, Shanghai Municipality
China [member] | Elsevier A/S [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier A/S
Reg office	Niels Jernes Vej 10, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark
China [member] | Reed Elsevier Denmark ApS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Elsevier Denmark ApS
Reg office	Niels Jernes Vej 10, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark
China [member] | Reed Exhibitions Free Zone-LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Free Zone-LLC
Reg office	Office No. 328, Building 02, third floor, P.O. Box 502425, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
China [member] | RELX Middle East FZ-LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Middle East FZ-LLC
Reg office	Al Sufouh Complex, Floor 3, No. 304, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
France [member] | Elsevier Holding France SAS [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier HoIding France SAS
Reg office	65, rue Camille Desmoulins, 92130, Issyles Moulineaux, France
France [member] | LexisNexis Business Information Solutions S.A. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Business Information Solutions S.A.
Reg office	141 rue de Javel,75015 Paris
France [member] | LexisNexis Business Information Solutions Holding S.A. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Business Information Solutions Holding S.A.
Reg office	lmmeuble «Technopolis», 350 rue Georges Besse-Nîmes (30000)
France [member] | LexisNexis International Development Services S. A. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis International Development Services S. A.
Reg office	141 rue de Javel,75015 Paris
France [member] | Elsevier Masson SAS [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Masson SAS
Reg office	65, rue Camille Desmoulins, 92130, Issy les Moulineaux, France
France [member] | Evoluprint SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Evoluprint SAS
Reg office	Parc Euronord – 10, rue du Parc – 31150 Bruguieres
France [member] | Fircosoft SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Fircosoft SAS
Reg office	247 rue de Bercy 75012 Paris
France [member] | Gie Juris-Data [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gie Edi-Data (83%)
Percentage of undertaking	83.00%
Reg office	141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris
France [member] | Gie Juris-Data [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gie Juris-Data
Reg office	141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris
France [member] | GIE PRK - Publicite Robert Krier [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	GIE PRK- Publicite Robert Krier
Reg office	52 Quai de Dion Bouton 92800 Puteaux
France [member] | LexisNexis SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis SA
Reg office	141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris
France [member] | Reed Exhibitions ISG SARL [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions ISG SARL
Reg office	27 quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
France [member] | Reed Expositions France SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Expositions France SAS
Reg office	52 Quai de Dion Bouton 92800 Puteaux
France [member] | Reed Midem SAS [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Midem SAS
Reg office	27 quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
France [member] | Reed Organisation SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Organisation SAS
Reg office	52 Quai de Dion Bouton 92800 Puteaux
France [member] | RELX France S.A. [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX France S.A.
Reg office	27 quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
France [member] | SAFI SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SAFI SA
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	6-8 Rue Chaptal, 75009 Paris
Germany [member] | Aries Medical Knowledge GmbH & Co KG [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Aries Medical Knowledge GmbH & Co KG
Reg office	Hauptstrasse 47, 40764, Lagenfeld
Germany [member] | Aries Medical Knowledge Verwaltungsgesellschaft GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Aries Medical Knowledge Verwaltungsgesellschaft GmbH
Reg office	Hauptstrasse 47, 40764, Lagenfeld
Germany [member] | Patent Sight GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Patent Sight GmbH
Reg office	Joseph-Schumpeter-Allee 33,53227, Bonn
Germany [member] | Ascend China Holding Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Ascend China Holding Ltd
Reg office	20/F Alexandra House, 18 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong
Germany [member] | Reed Business Information (China) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business Information (China) Ltd
Reg office	Level 28, Building 8, 3 Pacific Place, 1 Queens Road East, HONG KONG, Hong Kong
Germany [member] | Reed Travel Group (Germany) GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Travel Group (Germany) GmbH
Reg office	Schwannstr. 6, 40476 Düsseldorf
Germany [member] | JC Exhibition and Promotion Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	JC Exhibition and Promotion Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	65.00%
Reg office	20/F Alexandra House, 18 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong
Germany [member] | JYLN Sager Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	JYLN Sager Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	40.00%
Reg office	Flat 2, 19/F Henan Building 90-92, Jaffe Road Wanchai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Germany [member] | MLex Asia Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MLex Asia Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	91.00%
Reg office	703 Silvercord, Tower 2, 30 Canton Road, Tsimshatsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Germany [member] | Reed Exhibitions Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Ltd
Reg office	Flat 2, 19/F Henan Building 90-92, Jaffe Road Wanchai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Germany [member] | RELX (Greater China) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Greater China) Ltd
Reg office	3901, 39th Floor Hopewell Center, 183 Queens Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Germany [member] | Elsevier GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ElsevierGmbH
Reg office	Theodor-Heuss-Allee 108, D-60488, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
Germany [member] | Elsevier Information Systems GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Information Systems GmbH
Reg office	Theodor-Heuss-Allee 108, D-60488, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
Germany [member] | LexisNexis GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis GmbH
Reg office	Heerdter Sandberg 30, 40549, Düsseldorf, Germany
Germany [member] | REC Publications GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	REC Publications GmbH
Reg office	Völklinger Strasse 4, 40219, Düsseldorf, Germany
Germany [member] | Reed Exhibitions (Germany) GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions (Germany) GmbH
Reg office	Völklinger Strasse 4, 40219, Düsseldorf, Germany
Germany [member] | Reed Exhibitions Deutschland GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Deutschland GmbH
Reg office	Völklinger Strasse 4, 40219, Düsseldorf, Germany
Germany [member] | RELX Deutschland GmbH [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Deutschland GmbH
Reg office	Völklinger Strasse 4, 40219, Düsseldorf, Germany
Germany [member] | Tschach Solutions GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Tschach Solutions GmbH
Reg office	Steinhäuserstrasse 9, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany
Colombia [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions S.A.S. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions S.A.S.
Reg office	Philippe Prietocarrizosa & Uria Abogados, Carrera 9 No. 74-08 Oficina 105, Bogotá, d.c., 76600, Colombia
Egypt [member] | Elsevier Egypt LLC. | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Egypt LLC
Reg office	Land Mark Office Building, 2nd Floor, 90th Street, City Center, 5th Settlement, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
INDIA | Comic Con India Private Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Comic Con India Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	36.00%
Reg office	B9/5 Vasant Vihar, New Delhi, 110057, India
INDIA | FircoSoft India Private Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	FircoSoft India Private Ltd
Reg office	n°664 Level 6 – Chennai Regus – Citi Centre – 10/11 Dr Radhakrishnan Salai, Mylapore – Chennai 600004
INDIA | Reed ELsevier Publishing (India) Pvt. Ltd. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed ELsevier Publishing (India) Pvt Ltd
Reg office	18, Kotla Lane, Rouse Avenue, New Delhi, 110002, India
INDIA | Reed Manch Exhibitions Private Ltd (70%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Manch Exhibitions Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	70.00%
Reg office	B-15/192, Pharma Apartments, Patparganj, I.P. Extension, New Delhi, 110092, India
INDIA | ReedSI Exhibitions Private Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ReedSI Exhibitions Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	51.00%
Reg office	B-9, "A" Block, LSC, Naraina Vihar, Ring Road, New Delhi, 110028, India
INDIA | Reed Triune Exhibitions Private Ltd (72%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ReedTriune Exhibitions Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	72.00%
Reg office	#25, 3rd floor, 8th Main Road, Vasanthnager, Bangalore, 560052, India
INDIA | RELX India Private Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX India Private Ltd
Reg office	818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Builing, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
Indonesia [member] | PT Reed Panorama Exhibitions [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PT Reed Panorama Exhibitions
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Panorama Building, 5th Floor, Jalan Tomang Raya No. 63, Jakarta, 11440, Indonesia
Indonesia [member] | PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia
Percentage of undertaking	70.00%
Reg office	Menara Citicon LeveL8. Unit 8011 & 8012 JL. Letjen S. Parman No. 8 Kav 72 Slipi Palmerah Jakarta Barat 11410 Indonesia
Indonesia [member] | PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia [member] | Class B ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia
Reg office	Menara Citicon LeveL8. Unit 8011 & 8012 JL. Letjen S. Parman No. 8 Kav 72 Slipi Palmerah Jakarta Barat 11410 Indonesia
Ireland [member] | Butterworth (Ireland) Ltd [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Butterworth (Ireland) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Arthur Cox Building, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland
Ireland [member] | Elsevier Services Ireland Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Services Ireland Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Suite 4320, Atlantic Avenue, Westpark Business Campus, Shannon, Clare, Ireland
Ireland [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Ireland) Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Ireland) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	80 Harcourt Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
Ireland [member] | Lexis Nexis Risk Solutions Europe Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Europe) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	80 Harcourt Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
Israel [member] | Lexis Nexis Israel Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Israel Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Meitar, attorneys at Law, 16 Abba Hillel Road, Ramat Gan, 5250608, Israel
Italy [member] | Elsevier SRL [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier SRL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Via Marostica 1, 20146, Milan, Italy
Italy [member] | ICIS Italia SRL [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ICIS Italia SRL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Studio Colombo e Associati, Via Cino del Duca 5, 20122, Milano, Italy
Italy [member] | Reed Exhibitions ISG Italy SRL [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions ISG Italy SRL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Via Marostica 1, 20146, Milan, Italy
Italy [member] | Reed Exhibitions Italia SRL [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Italia SRL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Milano (MI) Via Marostica 1 cap 20146

Related undertakings - Summar_2

Related undertakings - Summary of Full list of Related Parties - Japan to United Kingdom (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
JAPAN | PatentSight Japan Inc [Member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PatentSight Japan Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	7F Cross Office Uchisaiwaicho. 1-18-6 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku.Tokyo
JAPAN | ThreatMetrix GK [Member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ThreatMetrix GK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	2-6, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo
JAPAN | Ascend Japan KK [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Ascend Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Kyodo Tsushin Kaikam 2F, 2-2-5 Toronomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001
JAPAN | Elsevier Japan KK [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Ark Mori Building, 1-12-32 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-6029, Japan
JAPAN | LexisNexis Japan KK [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-9-15, Higashi Azabu, Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
JAPAN | Reed Exhibitions Japan KK [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Shinjuku-Nomura Bldg., 1-26-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
JAPAN | Reed ISG Japan KK [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed ISG Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	13-12 Rokubancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Luxembourg [member] | Fircosoft Luxembourg Sarl [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	FIRCOSOFT Luxembourg Sàrl
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Bloc B 19-21, Route d’Arlon, L-8009 Strassen, Luxembourg
Korea (South) [member] | Elsevier Korea LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Korea LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Chunwoo Building, 4th floor, 534 Itaewon-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoel, 140-861, Korea, Republic of
Korea (South) [member] | Lexis Nexis Legal And Professional Service Korea Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Legal and Professional Service Korea Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	206 Noksapyeong-daero, Yongsan-gu, Seoel, Korea, Republic of
Korea (South) [member] | Reed Exhibitions Korea Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Korea Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	“Room 4401, Trade Tower, 159-1, Samseong-dong, Gangnam-gu Seoul, 135-729, Republic of Korea”
Korea (South) [member] | Reed Exporum Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exporum Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	60.00%
Reg office	1324 Block A Tera Tower II, 201, Songpa-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05854
Korea (South) [member] | Reed K. Fairs Ltd seventy percentage [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed K. Fairs Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	70.00%
Reg office	“Room 4401, Trade Tower, 159-1, Samseong-dong, Gangnam-gu Seoul, 135-729, Republic of Korea”
Malaysia [member] | LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn Bhd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	6th Floor, Akademi Etiqa, No. 23 Jalan Melaka, 50100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Malaysia [member] | Reed Exhibitions Sdn Bhd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Sdn Bhd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	6th Floor, Akademi Etiqa, No. 23 Jalan Melaka, 50100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
South Africa [member] | F I R C O S O F T South Africa Proprietary Limited | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Fircosoft South Africa (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Regus Brooklyn Bridge, 3rd Floor Steven House, Brooklyn Bridge Office Park, Fehrsen Street, Brooklyn, Pretoria
South Africa [member] | Globalrange SA Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Globalrange SA (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Fourways Gold Park, 1st Floor Wentworth Building, 32 Roos Street, Fourways, 2191, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Korbitec (Pty) Ltd (90%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Korbitec (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	215 Peter Mokaba Road (North Ridge Road), Morningside, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 4001, South Africa
South Africa [member] | LexisNexis Academic (Pty) Ltd ninety percentage [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Academic (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	4001, South Africa
South Africa [member] | LexisNexis (Pty) Ltd (90%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	215 Peter Mokaba Road (North Ridge Road), Morningside, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 4001, South Africa
South Africa [member] | LexisNexis Risk Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Management (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	215 Peter Mokaba Road (North Ridge Road), Morningside, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 4001, South Africa
South Africa [member] | LegalPerfectTSoftware Solutions (Pty) Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LegalPerfectTSoftware Solutions (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	215 Peter Mokaba Road [North Ridge Road], Morningside, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal,
South Africa [member] | Property Payment Exchange (SA) (Pty) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Property Payment Exchange (SA) (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	215 Peter Mokaba Road [North Ridge Road], Morningside, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal,
South Africa [member] | RELX (Pty) Ltd. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	215 Peter Mokaba Road [North Ridge Road], Morningside, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal,4001, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Reed Exhibitions (Pty) Ltd ninety percentage [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	Thebe House,2nd Floor, 166 Jan Smuts Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Reed Events Management Pty Ltd [Member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Events Management (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	Thebe House,2nd Floor, 166 Jan Smuts Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Reed Exhibitions Group (Pty) Limited [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Group (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	Thebe House,2nd Floor, 166 Jan Smuts Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Reed Venue Management (Pty) Ltd [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Venue Management (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	Thebe House,2nd Floor, 166 Jan Smuts Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Winsearch Services (Pty) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Winsearch Services (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	215 Peter Mokaba Road [North Ridge Road], Morningside, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal,4001, South Africa
Mexico. | Masson-Doyma Mexico, S.A. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Masson -Doyma Mexico, S.A.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Insurgentes Sur # 1388 Piso 8, Col. Actipan, Deleg. Benito Juarez, C.P. 03230 Ciudad de México, México
Mexico. | Reed Exhibitions Mexico S.A. de C.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Mexico S.A. de C.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Av. Insurgentes No. 1388, Piso 8, Col. Actipan, 03230 Mexico, Mexico
SINGAPORE | ThreatMetrixPTE Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ThreatMetrixPTE Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	8 Robinson Road #03-00ASO Building Singapore 048544
SINGAPORE | Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House 1, Singapore, 239119, Singapore
SINGAPORE | F4F Agriculture (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	F4F Agriculture (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	16 Raffles Quay, #33-03 Hong Leong Building, Singapore, 048581, Singapore
SINGAPORE | Lexis-Nexis Philippines Pte Ltd [member] | Preference shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Lexis-Nexis Philippines Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	75.00%
Reg office	80 Robinson Road, #02-00, Singapore, 068898, Singapore
SINGAPORE | Reed Business Information Pte Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business Information Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1 Changi Business Park Crescent, #06-01 Plaza 8 & CBP, Singapore, 48602551, Singapore
SINGAPORE | RE (HAPL) Pte Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE (HAPL) Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House 1, Singapore, 239119, Singapore
SINGAPORE | RELX (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	80 Robinson Road, #02-00, Singapore, 068898, Singapore
SINGAPORE | SAFI Asia Pte Ltd fifty percentage [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SAFI Asia Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	1 Changi Business Park Crescent, #06-01 Plaza 8 & CBP, Singapore, 48602551, Singapore
Morocco [member] | Reed Exhibitions Morocco SARL [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Morocco SARL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Forum Bab Abdelaziz au 62, Angle Blvd. d’Anfa, 6ème étage, Apt 61, Casablanca, Morocco
New Zealand [member] | LexisNexis NZ Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis NZ Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Level 1, 138 The Terrace, P.O. Box 472, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
Philippines. | Reed Elsevier Shared Services (Philippines) Inc. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Elsevier Shared Services (Philippines) Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Building H, 2nd Floor, U.P. Ayalaland TechnoHub, Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila, 1101, Philippines
Poland [member] | Elsevier sp. z.o.o. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier sp.z.o.o.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Natpoll Building, ul. Migdalowa 4/59, 02-796, Warsaw, Poland
Russia [member] | Ecwatech Company ZAO [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Ecwatech Company ZAO
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Pokrovka Street 27, Building 1, Moscow, Russian Federation
Russia [member] | LexisNexis OOO [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis OOO
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	24 Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str., bldg. 5, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation
Russia [member] | Real estate events direct [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Real Estate Events Direct OOO
Percentage of undertaking	80.00%
Reg office	Petrozavodskaya street 28/4, Building VI, room 2, 125475, Moscow, Russian Federation
Russia [member] | Relx ooo [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX OOO
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	24 Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str., bldg. 5, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation
Saudi Arabia [member] | Reed Sunaidi Exhibitions [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Sunaidi Exhibitions
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Al Fadl Commercial Center, Jeddah, 21411, Saudi Arabia
Spain [member] | Elsevier Espana, S.L. [member] | Participations shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Espana, S.L.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	C/ Josep Tarradellas 20-30, 1º / 20029, Barcelona, Spain
Switzerland [member] | Elsevier finance SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Finance SA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Espace de L’Europe 3, 2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
Switzerland [member] | Fircosoft Schweiz GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Fircosoft Schweiz GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Bahnhofstrasse 100 – 8001 Zurich
Switzerland [member] | RELX risks SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Risks SA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Espace de L’Europe 3, 2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
Switzerland [member] | RELX Swiss holdings SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Swiss Holdings SA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Espace de L’Europe 3, 2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
Taiwan [member] | Elsevier Taiwan LLC [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Taiwan LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Suite N-818, 8/F, Chia Hsin Cement Building, 96 Zhong Shan North Road, Section 2, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
Netherlands [member] | Misset Uitgeverij B.V. [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Misset Uitgeverij B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	Prins Hendrikstraat 17,7001GK Doetinchem
Netherlands [member] | One Business B.V. [Member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	One Business B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Spaklerweg 53,1114AE Amsterdam-Duivendrecht
Netherlands [member] | AGRM Solutions C.V. [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	AGRM Solutions C.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | Elsevier B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | Elsevier Employment Services B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Employment Services B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | LexisNexis Business Information Solutions B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Business Information Solutions B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | ThreatMetrix BV [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ThreatMetrix BV
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Evertvan de Beekstraat 1 The Base 3/F, 1118CL Schiphol
Netherlands [member] | LexisNexis Univentio B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Univentio B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | Reed Business B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | RELX finance B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Finance B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | RELX holdings B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Holdings B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | RELX NederLand B.V. [member] | E shares / RE shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX NederLand B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | RELX overseas B.V. [member] | E shares / RE shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Overseas B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | RELX US holdings (Amsterdam) B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX US Holdings (Amsterdam) B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Thailand [member] | Reed Holding (ThaiLand) Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Holding (ThaiLand) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	540 Mercury Tower, 22nd Floor, Ploenchit Road, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330
Thailand [member] | Reed Tradex Company Ltd [member] | Preference shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Tradex Company Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	Sathorn Nakorn Building, Floor 32, No. 100/68-69 North Sathon Road, Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand
TURKEY | Reed Tuyap Fuarcilik A.S. [member] | Class A-shares / Class B-shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Tüyap Fuarcilik A. Ș.
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Tüyap Fuar ve Kongre Merkezi, E – 5 Karayolu Üzeri, Gürpınar Kavşağı 34500, Büyükçekmece, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey
TURKEY | Elsevier STM Bilgi Hizmetleri Limited Sirketi [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier STM Bilgi Hizmetleri Limited Șirketi
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Maslak Mah. Bilim Sokak Sun Plaza Kat:13Șișli-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
United Kingdom [member] | Bradfield Brett Holdings Ltd [member] | Seven point five preferred income shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	BradfieId Brett Holdings Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd [member] | Preference shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd [member] | Class B ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd [member] | Four point five cumulative preference shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Adaptris Group Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Adaptris Group Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Adaptris Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Adaptris Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Digital Foundry Network [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Digital Foundry Network
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Formpart (HPL) Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Formpart (HPL) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Gamer Edition Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gamer Edition Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Gamer Events Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gamer Events Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Gamer Network Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gamer Network Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Hallplaza Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Hallplaza Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Imbibe Media Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Imbibe Media Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Indicium Financial Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Indicium Financial Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	35 – 37 St. Marys Gate, Nottingham, United Kingdom, NG1 1PU
United Kingdom [member] | Information Handling Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Information Handling Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	85.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Butterworth and Co. (Overseas) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Butterworth & Co. (Overseas) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Insurance Initiatives Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Insurance Initiatives Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	35 – 37 St. Marys Gate, Nottingham, United Kingdom, NG1 1PU
United Kingdom [member] | Legend Exhibitions Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Legend Exhibitions Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Lexis Nexis Risk Solutions U K Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions UK Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1st Floor 80 Moorbridge Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, London, SL8 8BW,United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | M C M Central Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MCM Central Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | M C M Expo Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MCM Expo Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Butterworths Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Butterworths Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | M C M Stategy Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MCM Stategy Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Cordery Compliance Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Cordery Compliance Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	72.00%
Reg office	Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Mendeley Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Mendeley Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Cordery Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Cordery Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	72.00%
Reg office	Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | M Lex Ltd | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MLex Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	91.00%
Reg office	Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A4 HH, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Crediva Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Crediva Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Moreover Technologies Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Moreover Technologies Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Dew Events Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Dew Events Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Mosby International Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Mosby International Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Drayton Legal Recoveries Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Drayton Legal Recoveries Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	The Eye, 1 Procter Street, London, WC1V 6EU, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Newsflo Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Newsflo Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | E & P Events LLP [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	E & P Events LLP
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Elsevier Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Elsevier Life Sciences IP Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Life Sciences IP Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Formpart (EPS) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Formpart (EPS) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Gamermania Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gamermania Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | George Philip Holdings Limited | Preference shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	George Philip Holdings Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | NLife Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	NLife Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	23.50%
Reg office	Unit 18-19 Loughborough Technology Centre, Epinal Way, Loughborough, England, LE11 3GE
United Kingdom [member] | Out There Gaming Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Out There Gaming Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	70.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RE Directors (No.1) Limited [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE Directors (No.1) Limited
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RE Directors (No.2) Limited [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE Directors (No.2) Limited
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Offshore Europe (Management) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Offshore Europe (Management) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Offshore Europe Partnership [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Offshore Europe Partnership
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Oxford Spires Management Co; Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Oxford Spires Management Co; Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	55.00%
Reg office	40 Kimbolton Road, Bedford, England, MK40 2NR
United Kingdom [member] | Peopletracer Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Peopletracer Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Prean Holdings Ltd [member] | Deferred ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Prean Holdings Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RPS Ltd [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RPS Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Symbiotic Technologies Operations Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Symbiotic Technologies Operations Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1st Floor 80 Moorbridge Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 8BW
United Kingdom [member] | VG247 Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	VG247 Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RE (SOE) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE (SOE) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RE Secretaries Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE Secretaries Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed All Energy Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed All-Energy Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Business Information (Holdings) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business Information (Holdings) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Business Information (China) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business Information Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Consumer Books Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Consumer Books Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Elsevier (UIG) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Elsevier (UIG) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Elsevier Pension Trustee Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Elsevier Pension Trustee Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Events Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Events Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Exhibitions Ltd [member] | Deferred ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Midem Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Midem Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Nominees Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Nominees Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Overseas Corporation Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Overseas Corporation Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Publishing Corporation Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Publishing Corporation Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | R E L X Holdings Limited | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Holdings) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX (Investments) plc [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Investments) plc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX (UK) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (UK) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX Finance Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Finance Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX Group plc [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Group plc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX Group plc [member] | Class E Ordinary Shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Group plc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX Overseas Holdings Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Overseas Holdings Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | REV Venture Partners Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	REV Venture Partners Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Tracesmart Group Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Tracesmart Group Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Tracesmart Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Tracesmart Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Wunelli Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Wunelli Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Lakeside, Western Road, Portsmouth, PO6 3EN, United Kingdom

Related undertakings - Summar_3

Related undertakings - Summary of Full list of Related Parties - Japan to United Kingdom (Parenthetical) (Detail) - United Kingdom [member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018£ / shares
Bradfield Brett Holdings Ltd [member] | Seven point five preferred income shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Dividend per share	£ 7.5
Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd [member] | Four point five cumulative preference shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Dividend per share	£ 4.5

Related undertakings - Summar_4

Related undertakings - Summary of Full list of Related Parties - United States to Vietnam (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
US [member] | Flightstats Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Flightstats, Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	3355 West Alabama Street, Houston, TX 77098
US [member] | Gaming Business Asia LLC Fifty Percentage [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gaming Business Asia LLC
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Health Market Science Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Health Market Science, Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | IDGRBI China Publishers LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	IDG-RBI China Publishers LLC
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Intelligize Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Intelligize, Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Knovel Corporation [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Knovel Corporation
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | LexisNexis Claims Solutions Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Claims Solutions Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Coplogic Solutions Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Coplogic Solutions Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Of Puerto Rico Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis of Puerto Rico Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	9443 Springboro Pike, Miamisburg,OH 45342
US [member] | LexisNexis Risk Assets Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Assets Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Risk Data Management Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Data Management Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Risk Holdings Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Holdings Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | Aries Systems Corporation [Member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Aries Systems Corporation
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Special Services Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Special Services Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Puerta Del Condado #1095, Wilson Ave, Local # 3,San Juan, PR 00907
US [member] | LexisNexis VitalChek Network Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis VitalChek Network Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | Managed Technology Services LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Managed Technology Services LLC
Percentage of undertaking	51.00%
Reg office	1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | Matthew Bender And Company Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Matthew Bender & Company, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | MLex US Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MLex US, Inc
Percentage of undertaking	91.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Enclarity Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Enclarity, lnc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | PoliceReports US LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PoliceReports.US, LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | Portfolio Media Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Portfolio Media, Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Gamer Network lnc. [Member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gamer Network lnc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Reed Business Information Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business Information Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	3355 West Alabama Street, Houston, TX 77098
US [member] | Reed Technology And Information Services Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Technology and Information Services Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Lex Machina Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Lex Machina lnc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | RELX Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | RELXUS Holdings Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELXUS Holdings Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Reman Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reman, Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | REVIV Partnership LP [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	REVIV Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | SAFI Americas LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SAFI Americas LLC
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | The Elsevier Foundation [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Elsevier Foundation
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | LexisNexis Rule of Law Foundation [member] | Non Stock Corporation [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Rule of Law Foundation
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	9443 Springboro Pike, Miamisburg,OH 45342
US [member] | RELX Capital Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Capital lnc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | Accuity Asset Verification Services Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Accuity Asset Verification Services Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201
US [member] | Science-Metrix Corporation [Member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Science-Metrix Corporation
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Symbiotic Technologies Operations Inc. [Member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Symbiotic Technologies Operations Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | Accuity Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Accuity Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201
US [member] | Derman Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Derman, Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | Dunlap-Hanna Publishers [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Dunlap-Hanna Publishers
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	313 Washington Street, Suite 400, Newton, MA 02458
US [member] | Elsevier Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Elsevier Holdings Inc. [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Holdings Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Elsevier Medical Information LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Medical Information LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Elsevier STM Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier STM Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | ExitCare LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ExitCare LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | ThreatMetrix [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ThreatMetrix, lnc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures Two Thousand Five Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2005 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures Two Thousand Six Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2006 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures Two Thousand Eight Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2008 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures Two Thousand Nine Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2009 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures Two Thousand Ten Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2010 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures Two Thousand Eleven Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2011 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures Two Thousand Twelve Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2012 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures Two Thousand Thirteen Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2013 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Remick Publishers [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Remick Publishers
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	313 Washington Street, Suite 400, Newton, MA 02458
US [member] | World Compliance Inc [member] | Common Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	World Compliance, Inc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
Vietnam [Member] | Reed TradexVietnam LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed TradexVietnam LLC
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	78 Nguyen Bieu, Ward 1, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City