UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F/A
(Amendment No. 1)
(Mark One)
¨ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
Commission file number: 000-30134
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
¨ | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Date of Event requiring this shell company report
CDC Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
33/F Citicorp Centre
18 Whitfield Road
Causeway Bay, Hong Kong
011-852-2893-8200
e-mail: investor_relations@cdccorporation.net
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
Class A common shares
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the Issuer’s class of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by this Annual Report:
| | |
Class of shares | | Number outstanding as of March 31, 2006 |
Class A common shares | | 111,655,585 |
Preferred Shares | | Nil |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ¨ No x
Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 ¨ Item 18x
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Index to Exhibits
| | |
Exhibit 12.1 | | Certification of CEO required by Rule 13a-14(a) |
Exhibit 12.2 | | Certification of CFO required by Rule 13a-14(a) |
Exhibit 13.(a).1 | | Certification of CEO pursuant to Section 906 |
Exhibit 13.(a).2 | | Certification of CFO pursuant to Section 906 |
Exhibit 15.(a).4 | | Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu dated July 2, 2007 |
Exhibit 15.(a).5 | | Consent of Ernst & Young dated July 2, 2007 |
Exhibit 15.(a).6 | | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP dated July 2, 2007 |
Exhibit 15.(a).7 | | Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu dated June 29, 2007 |
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EXPLANATORY NOTE
The purpose of this Amendment No. 1 on Form 20-F/A (“Amendment No. 1”) to the annual report on Form 20-F (the “Annual Report”) of CDC Corporation (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2005, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on June 21, 2006 (the “Annual Report Filing Date”) is to: (i) restate the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes related thereto for the three years ended December 31, 2005 (the “Restatement”), as more fully described below and herein; and (ii) provide separate financial statements and notes related thereto of Equity Pacific Limited, its subsidiaries and its variable interest entity (collectively, “17game Group”), including separate consolidated balance sheets for 17game Group as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the five month period from August 1 to December 31, 2004 and the accompanying audit report of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd. (“Deloitte”) (collectively, the “17game Group Financial Statements”), as more fully described below under the caption “Inclusion of 17game Group Financial Statements.”
The following items have been amended or added in this Amendment No. 1 as a result of the Restatement and the Inclusion of 17game Group Financial Statements:
Part I – Item 3 – Key Information
Part I – Item 4 – Information on the Company
Part I – Item 5 – Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Part I – Item 8 – Financial Information
Part II – Item 15 – Controls and Procedures
Part III – Item 18 – Financial Statements
Part III – Item 19 – Exhibits
“Item 19. Exhibits,” has been amended to include the consents of each of Deloitte, Ernst & Young (E&Y) and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Company’s current and previous independent registered public accounting firms, as well as currently dated certifications by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
Restatement of 2003, 2004 and 2005 Financial Statements
After the Company filed the Annual Report, and as a result of review processes undertaken in connection with certain capital markets initiatives, management of the Company concluded, and the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors concurred, after consultation with the Company’s current and previous independent registered public accounting firms, that certain of the Company’s previously issued consolidated financial statements contained errors and would need to be restated.
The more significant of the identified errors, which prompted the Restatement, relates to the application of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” in the Company’s purchase business combinations in 2004 and 2005. Additional errors were identified in the Company’s assessment of the appropriate application of US GAAP, and the Company has elected to adjust its consolidated financial statements for the three years ended December 31, 2005 for other items that management had previously evaluated as immaterial, individually and in the aggregate. Such additional items relate to certain foreign currency translation transactions, the accounting for a lease acquired in a business combination, and the presentation of pension liabilities, amortization expense related to acquired developed technologies, inter-company interest income, restructuring costs and other items.
A description of the accounting errors and the related impact of the Restatement on the Company’s consolidated financial statements is set forth in Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, in the notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this Amendment No. 1
The changes made in connection with the Restatement have resulted, in the aggregate, in increases in the Company’s net income by approximately $0.2 million, $3.4 million and $0.2 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
Additionally, in connection with the Restatement as well as the identification of the accounting errors referenced above, the Company has identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, and has reported those to its Audit Committee. For additional information, please see Part II, Item 15, “Controls and
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Procedures,” which has been amended and restated in this Amendment No. 1 to provide a description of these matters and certain remediation measures that the Company has implemented, or plans to implement, in order to strengthen its internal control over financial reporting.
Inclusion of 17game Group Financial Statements
The Company has also amended “Item 8. Financial Information” and “Item 18. Financial Statements” of the Annual Report to provide the 17game Group Financial Statements.
This 17game Group Financial Statements are being provided in response to comments of the staff of the SEC received in connection with its review of the Annual Report.
The Company’s holdings in 17game Group met a significance test under Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X and, as a result, the financial statements of 17game Group for 2005 and 2004 are required to be filed. The 17game Group Financial Statements begin on page FF-1 hereof. The 17game Group Financial Statements have been prepared by, and are the responsibility of, 17game Group and its management.
Other than as set forth herein, the Company has not modified or updated any other disclosures in the Annual Report. The Company has made no changes to the Items in the Annual Report other than those described herein, and accordingly, it has omitted all such unchanged information.
Other than expressly set forth herein, this Amendment No. 1 does not reflect events occurring after the Annual Report Filing Date or modify or update those disclosures affected by subsequent events. Rather, except as described above, information is unchanged and reflects the disclosures made at the time of the Annual Report Filing Date. Accordingly, this Amendment No. 1 should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report and the Company’s filings made subsequent thereto, including any amendments to those filings. The filing of this Amendment No. 1 shall not be deemed an admission that the Annual Report when made included any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make a statement not misleading.
The Company has not amended, and does not anticipate amending, any of its Annual Reports on Form 20-F for any of the years prior to the year ended December 31, 2005. The information that has been previously filed or otherwise reported for those periods is superseded by the information in this Amendment No. 1. Accordingly, and as a result of the Restatement, the Company believes that its previously issued consolidated financial statements and corresponding reports of independent registered public accountants and press releases containing its financial information for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 should no longer be relied upon.
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PART I.
A. | Selected Financial Data |
The following selected consolidated financial data of CDC and its subsidiaries should be read in conjunction with the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and the related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows and shareholders’ equity for the years then ended and the notes thereto, together referred to as the Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 18, Financial Statements, and the information included in Item 5, Operating and Financial Review and Prospects. The selected consolidated financial data of CDC for 2001 and 2002 have been derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared and presented in accordance with US GAAP.
We report operating results in four business segments, “Software,” “Business Services,” “Mobile Services and Applications” and “Internet and Media”. During 2005 the Company reorganized these segments into two core business units, CDC Software and China.com Inc. The operations of Software and Business Services is included in the CDC Software business unit and the operations of Mobile Services and Applications and Internet and Media is included in the China.com Inc business unit. See “Note 28 – Segment Information” in Item 18 Financial Statements for additional disclosure of segment information.
In 2004, we reported operating results in five business segments, “Software,” “Business Services,” “Mobile Services and Applications,” “Advertising/Marketing” and “Others”. These segments were based primarily on the different production, manufacturing and other value-added processes that we performed with respect to our products and services and, to lesser extend, the differing nature of the ultimate end use of our products and services. Prior to 2004, we reported operating results in “Software and Consulting Services”, “Mobile Services and Applications”, “Advertising and Marketing Activities” and “Others”. Except for the operating results of the “Others” segment, all amounts in this Annual Report on Form 20-F reflect the reclassification of the pre-2005 segments so that they are comparable with the current year presentation. Operating results from the “Others” segment are nil in 2005 due to the discontinued operations in this segment in 2004 and earlier.
In addition, CDC discontinued the operations of certain subsidiaries. The operating results of the discontinued operating units were retroactively reclassified as a Loss from operations of discontinued subsidiaries, net of tax, in all periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
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INCOME STATEMENT DATA:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, (in thousands, except share and per share data) | |
| | 2001 | | | 2002 | | | 2003 | | | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
| | | | | | | | (Restated)(7) | | | (Restated)(7) | | | (Restated)(7) | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDC Software | | | 17,806 | | | | 16,332 | | | | 53,368 | | | | 150,575 | | | | 201,490 | |
China.com | | | 11,904 | | | | 6,468 | | | | 24,483 | | | | 31,877 | | | | 43,384 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 29,710 | | | | 22,800 | | | | 77,851 | | | | 182,452 | | | | 244,874 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDC Software | | | (12,077 | ) | | | (6,828 | ) | | | (32,899 | ) | | | (74,801 | ) | | | (95,238 | ) |
China.com | | | (5,636 | ) | | | (4,197 | ) | | | (6,209 | ) | | | (7,916 | ) | | | (18,711 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (17,713 | ) | | | (11,025 | ) | | | (39,108 | ) | | | (82,717 | ) | | | (113,949 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | 11,997 | | | | 11,775 | | | | 38,743 | | | | 99,735 | | | | 130,925 | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | (69,949 | ) | | | (22,307 | ) | | | (31,606 | ) | | | (80,326 | ) | | | (100,549 | ) |
Research and development expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (13,825 | ) | | | (22,605 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization expenses | | | (19,007 | ) | | | (9,015 | ) | | | (6,829 | ) | | | (8,919 | ) | | | (9,937 | ) |
Restructuring expensess | | | (21,908 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,760 | ) | | | (1,667 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | (110,864 | ) | | | (31,322 | ) | | | (38,435 | ) | | | (106,830 | ) | | | (134,758 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating gain (loss) | | | (98,867 | ) | | | (19,547 | ) | | | 308 | | | | (7,095 | ) | | | (3,833 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 26,491 | | | | 23,631 | | | | 13,412 | | | | 9,653 | | | | 8,156 | |
Interest expense | | | (1,266 | ) | | | (2,461 | ) | | | (1,070 | ) | | | (1,895 | ) | | | (1,257 | ) |
Loss arising from share issuance of a subsidiary | | | (55 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on disposal of available-for-sale securities | | | 4,411 | | | | (163 | ) | | | 4,599 | | | | 167 | | | | 525 | |
Gain (loss) on disposal of subsidiaries and cost investments | | | (1,915 | ) | | | (66 | ) | | | (1,263 | ) | | | 892 | | | | 483 | |
Other non-operating gains | | | — | | | | 508 | | | | 934 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other non-operating losses | | | (927 | ) | | | (288 | ) | | | (143 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Impairment of cost investments and available-for-sale securities | | | (12,260 | ) | | | (5,351 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,362 | ) | | | — | |
Share of income (losses) in equity investees(1) | | | (2,592 | ) | | | 682 | | | | (124 | ) | | | (467 | ) | | | (1,172 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other income | | | 11,887 | | | | 16,492 | | | | 16,345 | | | | 6,988 | | | | 6,735 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | (86,980 | ) | | | (3,055 | ) | | | 16,653 | | | | (107 | ) | | | 2,902 | |
Income tax benefit (expenses) | | | (65 | ) | | | 162 | | | | 448 | | | | (3,375 | ) | | | (4,957 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before minority interests | | | (87,045 | ) | | | (2,893 | ) | | | 17,101 | | | | (3,482 | ) | | | (2,055 | ) |
Minority interests in losses (income) of consolidated subsidiaries | | | 3,162 | | | | 248 | | | | (2,257 | ) | | | (925 | ) | | | (1,409 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | | | (83,883 | ) | | | (2,645 | ) | | | 14,844 | | | | (4,407 | ) | | | (3,464 | ) |
Discontinued operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from operations of discontinued subsidiaries, net of tax | | | (40,502 | ) | | | (16,131 | ) | | | (1,203 | ) | | | (610 | ) | | | (47 | ) |
Gain (loss) on disposal/dissolution of discontinued subsidiaries, net | | | — | | | | 545 | | | | 2,127 | | | | (950 | ) | | | (3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | | (124,385 | ) | | | (18,231 | ) | | | 15,768 | | | | (5,967 | ) | | | (3,514 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations(2) | | $ | (0.82 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | (0.04 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share(2) | | $ | (1.21 | ) | | $ | (0.18 | ) | | $ | 0.16 | | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
Weighted average number of shares: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 102,589,760 | | | | 102,269,735 | | | | 100,532,594 | | | | 105,898,392 | | | | 111,085,657 | |
Diluted | | | 102,589,760 | | | | 102,269,735 | | | | 103,199,421 | | | | 105,898,392 | | | | 111,085,657 | |
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The following selected consolidated financial data of CDC and its subsidiaries are derived from our audited financial data, after adjustment for the reclassification of discontinued operations and segment reporting.
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, (in thousands, except share and per share data) |
| | 2001 | | 2002 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 |
| | | | | | (Restated)(7) | | (Restated)(7) | | (Restated)(7) |
Cash and cash equivalents | | 20,820 | | 33,153 | | 55,508 | | 110,206 | | 93,719 |
Restricted cash | | 1,274 | | 109 | | 238 | | 3,886 | | 1,886 |
Available-for-sale debt securities(3) | | 346,980 | | 320,056 | | 282,145 | | 104,159 | | 115,881 |
Restricted available-for-sale debt securities(4) | | 134,960 | | 151,123 | | 19,803 | | 75,780 | | 32,270 |
Available-for-sale equity securities | | 2,064 | | 2,050 | | — | | 527 | | 659 |
Bank loans(5) | | 118,455 | | 127,384 | | 26,826 | | 63,781 | | 26,249 |
Working capital(6) | | 359,412 | | 340,476 | | 270,451 | | 177,602 | | 75,447 |
Total assets | | 596,494 | | 580,957 | | 553,074 | | 693,871 | | 633,032 |
Common stock | | 26 | | 25 | | 25 | | 28 | | 28 |
Total shareholders’ equity | | 389,861 | | 377,700 | | 395,701 | | 449,976 | | 446,498 |
(1) | The term “equity investees” refers to CDC’s investments in which it has the ability to exercise significant influence (generally 20% to 50% owned investments). |
(2) | The computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share did not assume the conversion of the Company’s warrants for 2001, 2002 and 2003 and its stock options for 2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005 because their inclusion would have been antidilutive. |
(3) | Available-for-sale debt securities includes short and long-term available-for-sale debt securities. |
(4) | Restricted available-for-sale debt securities include short and long-term restricted debt securities. |
(5) | Bank loans include short and long-term bank loans. |
(6) | Working capital represents current assets less current liabilities. |
(7) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which is included in this Amendment No.1. |
B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness |
Not applicable.
C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds |
Not applicable.
Risks Relating to our Overall Business
Because our business model and strategy have evolved, we lack experience and have a limited operating history in our new markets and cannot assure you that we will be successful in meeting the needs of customers in these markets. Our operating results could fall below expectations, resulting in a decrease in our stock price.
We began in June 1997 as a pan-Asian integrated Internet company. Our business model and strategy has evolved with a new focus and goal to be a global company focused on enterprise software, through our CDC Software business unit, and on mobile applications and online games through our China.com Inc. business unit. You will not be able to evaluate our prospects solely by reviewing our past businesses and results, but should consider our prospects in light of the changes in our business focus. Each of our targeted markets is rapidly changing, and we cannot assure you that we can successfully address the challenges in our new lines of business or adapt our business model and strategy to meet the needs of customers in these markets. If we fail to modify our business model or strategy to adapt to these markets, our business could suffer.
We have incurred losses in prior periods, may incur losses in the future and cannot provide any assurance that we can achieve or sustain profitability.
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We have incurred operating losses and net losses in each of our last 5 fiscal years (except for fiscal year 2003) as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, (in Thousands) | |
| | 2001 | | | 2002 | | | 2003 | | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
| | | | | | | | (Restated)(1) | | (Restated)(1) | | | (Restated)(1) | |
Operating Gain/(loss) | | $ | (98,867 | ) | | $ | (19,547 | ) | | $ | 308 | | $ | (7,095 | ) | | $ | (3,833 | ) |
Net income Gain/(loss) | | $ | (124,385 | ) | | $ | (18,231 | ) | | $ | 15,768 | | $ | (5,967 | ) | | $ | (3,514 | ) |
(1) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which is included in this Amendment No.1. |
Our operating losses and net losses may increase in the future, and we may never regain or sustain operating profitability or net profitability. We may continue to incur operating losses and post net losses in the future due to several factors, including:
| • | | planned acquisition activities related to the growth and development of both of our core business units, CDC Software and China.com Inc.; |
| • | | continuing effects of acquisition-related adjustments including intangible asset amortization, stock compensation and deferred tax expense; |
| • | | a high level of planned operating expenditures, including costs we expect to incur as a result of our ongoing efforts to comply with the regulations promulgated under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; |
| • | | increased investment activities related to our new businesses as we seek to achieve organic growth, which may include; |
| • | | increased sales and marketing costs; |
| • | | greater levels of product development expenses; |
In addition, while we experienced sequential quarterly increases in revenues in 2005 (except for the third quarter), we cannot be certain that revenue growth will continue in the future. We may see a reversal of the recent sequential growth in quarterly revenues due to several factors, including:
| • | | any decisions to dispose of business units or subsidiaries which we no longer believe to be central to our new business model and strategy, which would shrink our revenue base; |
| • | | a substantial portion of our software license revenue is recognized in the last month of a quarter, and often in the last weeks or days of a quarter, which may result in increased volatility in quarterly revenues if customers decide to defer or cancel orders or implementations, particularly large orders or implementations, from one quarter to the next; |
| • | | delay of new software product releases which can result in a customer’s decision to delay execution of a contract or, for contracts that include the new software release as an element of the contract, will result in deferral of revenue recognition until such release; |
| • | | the imposition of penalties, such as a temporary suspension of service, for violation of current or future Chinese laws, rules or regulations regarding Internet related services and telecom related activities, such as that experienced by our Go2joy subsidiary during 2004; |
| • | | the potential or actual loss of key clients and key personnel; |
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| • | | decisions to discontinue products and services which would shrink our revenue base; |
| • | | our failure to increase market awareness of our company, our brands and our products and services; and |
| • | | a slowdown in the U.S., European, Asian and other economic markets. |
These factors could also adversely affect our ability to regain or sustain profitability. We cannot assure you that we will generate sufficient revenue to regain or sustain profitability, or that we can regain, sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Even though our revenue is difficult to predict, we base our decisions regarding our operating expenses on anticipated revenue trends. Many of our expenses are relatively fixed, and we cannot quickly reduce spending in response to the lower revenue growth than expected. As a result, revenue shortfalls could result in significantly lower income or result in a greater loss than anticipated for any given period, which could result in a decrease in our stock price. If revenue does not meet our expectations, or if operating expenses exceed what we anticipate or cannot be reduced accordingly, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.
As part of our 2005 reorganization into two core business units, we may incur future restructuring costs and increase our potential liabilities as we continue to transition financial and administrative functions to our business units.
During 2005 we reorganized our business into two core business units, CDC Software and China.com Inc. As part of this reorganization we initiated a series of restructurings of our operations involving, among other things, the reduction of overlapping personnel predominately from our Hong Kong office in financial and administrative functions and the transition of those financial and administrative functions to our two business units. As we continue with this transition, we need to ensure that all operational, managerial and financial controls, procedures and policies are fully and completely transitioned. Significant risks relating to this transition could cause us to continue to incur costs and potential liability which may outweigh the benefits of these restructurings. The failure to successfully transition our financial and administrative functions to our business units could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Further, as a result of this transition, we have ceased to use certain of our leased facilities and, accordingly, we are negotiating certain lease terminations and/or subleases of our facilities. We cannot predict when or if we will be successful in negotiating lease terminations and/or subleases of our facilities on terms acceptable to us. If we are not successful at negotiating terms acceptable to us, or at all, we may be required to increase our restructuring and related expenses in future periods.
As part of our 2005 strategic review, we have discovered certain instances of possible corporate misconduct by some of our former executive which may result in the company filing suits against such former executives which could be expensive and divert management’s attention away from the operations.
As part of our 2005 strategic review, we have discovered certain instances of possible corporate misconduct by some of our former executives. On January 19, 2006, we filed suit in the High Court of Hong Kong against a former officer in our Hong Kong office for breach of fiduciary duties and failure to comply with our corporate governance and compliance policies. The former executive has denied the allegations and has indicated his intention to defend against the suit and potentially file a cross-claim against us. The proceeding is at its preliminary stages. Our discovery of such instances of possible corporate misconduct, may identify possible weaknesses in our internal controls. Although our internal testing, as well as our independent registered accounting firm’s report, identified no material weaknesses in our internal controls, certain weaknesses may be discovered in relation to such corporate misconduct that will require remediation. This remediation may require implementing additional controls, the costs of which could have an adverse effect on our operating results. Subsequently, we have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting which are discussed further in “Item 15, Controls and Procedures” herein. Further, should we determine to continue our claims against such former officers for identified instances of alleged corporate misconduct, we could incur substantial costs associated with the litigations, increase the risk of cross claims by such officers against us and divert our managements’ attention from our operations. We cannot estimate the possible costs associated with these current or future litigations at this time.
Our strategy of expansion through acquisitions or investments has been and will continue to be costly and may not be effective, and we may realize losses on our investments.
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As a key component of our business and growth strategy, we have acquired and invested in, and intend to continue to acquire and invest in, companies and assets that we believe will enhance our business model, revenue base, operations and profitability, particularly relating to our strategy in enterprise software, outsourced software development and mobile services. Our acquisitions and investments have resulted in, and will continue to result in, the use of significant amounts of cash, dilutive issuances of our common shares and amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets, each of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our continued international acquisitions and investments may expose us to additional regulatory and political risks, and could negatively impact our business prospects.
Our expansion throughout international markets exposes us to the following risks, any of which could negatively impact our business prospects:
| • | | adverse changes in regulatory requirements, including export restrictions or controls; |
| • | | potentially adverse tax and regulatory consequences; |
| • | | differences in accounting practices; |
| • | | different cultures which may be relatively less accepting of our business; |
| • | | difficulties in staffing and managing operations; |
| • | | greater legal uncertainty; |
| • | | tariffs and other trade barriers; |
| • | | changes in the general economic and investment climate affecting valuations and perception of our business sectors; |
| • | | political instability and fluctuations in currency exchange rates; and |
| • | | different seasonal trends in business activities. |
During each of 2003 and 2004, we were dependent on acquisitions for our increase in revenues rather than organic growth of our businesses.
During each of 2003 and 2004, we acquired several businesses material to our results for those years.
| • | | During 2003, our material acquisitions included the acquisition of Praxa, an Australian information technology outsourcing and professional services organization; the acquisition of Palmweb Inc. which operates Newpalm, a provider of mobile services and applications in China; and the acquisition of IMI, an international provider of software to the supply chain management sector principally in Europe and the United States. |
| • | | During 2004, our material acquisitions included the acquisition of Pivotal Corporation (“Pivotal”), a customer relationship management (CRM) company focused on mid-sized enterprises; the acquisition of Group Team Investments Limited, which holds Beijing He He Technology Co. Ltd. which operates Go2joy, a mobile services and applications provider based in Beijing, China; and the acquisition of Ross Systems, Inc. (“Ross”), an ERP company focused on the food and beverage, life sciences, chemicals, metals and natural products industries. |
| • | | During 2005 we did not have any material acquisitions. |
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Between 2003 and 2004, our consolidated net revenues increased 134%, or approximately $104.6 million, from $77.9 million in 2003 to $182.5 million in 2004 primarily due to the acquisitions of Ross, Pivotal, and Go2joy, as well as the inclusion of a full year of results from acquisitions made in 2003. Between 2004 and 2005, our consolidated net revenues increased 34%, or approximately $62.4 million, from $182.5 million in 2004 to $244.9 million in 2005 primarily from the inclusion of Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy for the full year in 2005 and increased sales volumes in certain key products as discussed under section “Results of Operations” in Item 5, Operating Financial Review and Prospects.
We have been expanding our business through acquisitions and may lose our investment if we do not successfully integrate the businesses we acquire.
During 2004 we expanded our operations rapidly, both in size and scope, through acquisitions, and during 2005 and in the future need to integrate, manage and protect our interests in the businesses we acquire. We may experience difficulties in integrating, assimilating and managing the operations, technologies, intellectual property, products and personnel of our acquired businesses individually and cumulatively, and may need to reorganize or restructure our operations to achieve our operating goals. This may include creating or retaining separate units or entities within each of our operating segments. Our failure to integrate and manage our acquired businesses successfully could delay the contribution to profit that we anticipate from these acquisitions, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Integration related to our past and future acquisitions requires us to implement controls, procedures and policies which divert management’s attention and may increase the costs of our acquisitions, reduce employee morale and impact the operating results of our businesses.
Our acquisitions divert management’s attention from our operations in order to focus upon integrating our acquired businesses. In addition, to realize the benefits of our acquisitions, we need to conform the operational, managerial and financial controls, procedures and policies between our corporate headquarters and the businesses we have acquired, which may divert management’s attention further, increase transaction costs, and reduce employee morale. Significant risks relating to our past and future acquisitions which could cause us to continue to incur transaction costs that may outweigh the benefits of the acquisitions, include:
| • | | the difficulty and cost in combining the operations, technology and personnel of acquired businesses with our operations and personnel; |
| • | | retaining and integrating key employees and managing employee morale; |
| • | | integrating or combining different corporate cultures; |
| • | | effectively integrating products, research and development, sales, marketing and support operations; |
| • | | maintaining focus on our day-to-day operations; |
| • | | impairing relationships with key customers of the acquired businesses due to changes in ownership; |
| • | | facing potential claims filed by terminated employees and contractors; and |
| • | | geographic complexity and adapting to local market conditions and business practices. |
Any one of these challenges could strain our management resources.Our failure to integrate and manage our acquired businesses successfully could delay the contribution to profit that we anticipate from these acquisitions, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Several of our products and services are quite disparate, and it is difficult to discern significant synergies which limits the amount of integration, cost savings and cross-selling we may be able to achieve among our business segments.
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We are a global company focused on enterprise software, through our CDC Software business unit, and on mobile applications and online games through our China.com Inc. business unit. Several of our products and services are quite disparate, and it is difficult to discern significant synergies among some of our business segments although we are attempting to realize synergies within our individual business segments. For example, our Software segment focuses on delivering enterprise software applications and related services around the world for enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, customer relationship management, order management systems, human resource management and business intelligence. Our Mobile Services and Applications segment focuses upon providing popular news and mobile applications services targeting the consumer market in China through wireless services such as short message service, multimedia message service, wireless application protocol and interactive voice response. Because our segments are quite distinct, there may be limits to the amount of integration, cost savings and cross-selling we may be able to achieve among our business segments.
We may not be able to realize the anticipated cost savings, synergies or revenue enhancements from integrating acquired businesses into our operations, and we may incur significant integration costs to achieve these cost savings, synergies or revenue enhancements, which have and could continue to adversely affect our results of operations.
Our ability to realize cost savings, synergies or revenue enhancements may be affected by the extent, timing and efficiency with which we can consolidate operations, reduce overlapping personnel while avoiding labor disputes and achieve compatibility or integrate acquired technology, all of which are difficult to predict. We may not be able to realize cost savings, synergies or revenue enhancements from such integration, and we may not be able to realize such benefits within a reasonable time frame. Realizing these benefits is difficult because historically most of the companies we have acquired have been in poor financial condition.
In addition, our expected cost savings, synergies or revenue enhancements, may be reduced by unexpected costs in connection with our integration efforts or a slowdown in revenue growth or collection of accounts receivable, increased operating losses related to acquired businesses, or accounting charges and adjustments we are required to make as a result of our acquisitions. For example, during 2004 and 2005, our net income was adversely affected because we were required to record certain acquisition-related expenses, including the following:
| • | | amortization of acquired intangibles; |
| • | | write-off of acquired deferred revenue; |
| • | | stock compensation expenses; |
| • | | deferred tax expenses; and |
A number of these non-cash acquisition-related expenses such as amortization of acquired intangibles, deferred tax expense, and stock compensation will continue to adversely affect our results of operations in 2006 and beyond. We will continue to review our assumptions made in accounting for the acquisition of subsidiaries and will make adjustments if required. See Item 5.A. — “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Goodwill and Intangible Assets”, “– Business Combinations”, and “– Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance”.
While we have cash and cash equivalents of $93.7 million and total debt securities of $148.2 million as of December 31, 2005, much of this balance is held at our China.com subsidiary, and we have limited ability to use these funds at, or for the benefit of, the CDC Corporation parent or our other subsidiaries outside of the China.com chain of subsidiaries.
While we have cash and cash equivalents of $93.7 million and total debt securities of $148.2 million as of December 31, 2005, $49.4 million of the cash and cash equivalents and $80.7 million of the total debt securities are held at China.com (formerly, hongkong.com Corporation), as of April 2006, an 77% owned subsidiary listed on the Growth Enterprise Market of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Although we have the ability to appoint a majority of the board of directors of China.com, the board of directors of China.com owes fiduciary duties to the shareholders of China.com to act in
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the best interests of and use the assets of China.com, including the cash and cash equivalents balance and debt securities, for the benefit of such shareholders. As a result, aside from the board of directors of China.com declaring a dividend to its shareholders for which we would receive a pro rata portion as an 77% shareholder of China.com or a related party inter-company loan or similar transaction from China.com which would likely require the approval of the minority shareholders of China.com, we have limited ability to transfer or move the cash, cash equivalents and debt securities balance to CDC Corporation at the parent entity level, or to use the amounts of cash, cash equivalents and securities balance for the benefit of non-China.com and its subsidiaries.
We have significant fixed operating expenses, which may be difficult to adjust in response to unanticipated fluctuations in revenues, and therefore could have a material adverse effect on our operations.
A significant part of our operating expenses, particularly personnel, rent, depreciation and amortization, are fixed in advance of any particular quarter. As a result, an unanticipated decrease in the number or average size of, or an unanticipated delay in the scheduling for, our engagements may cause significant variations in operating results in any particular quarter and could have a material adverse effect on operations for that quarter. In the near-term, we believe our costs and operating expenses may increase in certain areas as we fund new initiatives and continue to pay for costs related to compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. While we will strive to keep our costs and operating expenses in the near-term to be at a level that is in line with our expected revenue, we may not be able to increase our revenue sufficiently to keep pace with any growth in expenditures. As a result, we may be unable to return to profitability in future periods.
Because we rely on local management for many of our localized CDC Software and China.com Inc. businesses, our business may be adversely affected if we cannot effectively manage local officers or prevent them from acting in a manner contrary to our interests or failing to act at our direction.
In connection with our strategy to develop our enterprise software products and services, through our CDC Software business unit, and on mobile applications and online games through our China.com Inc subsidiary, we have interests in companies in local markets where we have limited experience with operating assets and businesses in such jurisdictions, including enterprise software companies in the United States, Canada and Europe, business services companies in Australia, Korea and the U.S. and mobile services and applications companies in the PRC. As a result, we rely on our local management with limited oversight. If we cannot effectively manage our local officers and management, or prevent them from acting in a manner contrary to our interests or failing to act at our direction, these problems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and share price.
We are exposed to potential risks of noncompliance with rules and regulations under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, we are required to furnish an internal controls report of management’s assessment of the design and effectiveness of our internal controls as part of our Annual Report on Form 20-F beginning with the fiscal year ending on or after July 15, 2006. Our independent registered accounting firm is then required to attest to, and report on, management’s assessment.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, we are evaluating our internal controls in order to allow management to report on, and our registered independent public accounting firm to attest to, our internal controls, as required by Section 404. We are performing the system and process evaluation and testing required in an effort to comply with the management certification and auditor attestation requirements of Section 404. As a result, we have incurred, and will continue to incur, additional expenses and a diversion of management’s time. If we are not able to meet the requirements of Section 404, we might be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission or NASDAQ. In addition, as a result of the evaluation of our internal controls, we may be required to report internal control material weaknesses. Subsequently, we have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting which are discussed further in “Item 15, Controls and Procedures” herein. Either of the foregoing could adversely affect our financial results and the market price of our common shares.
While we will seek to grow our businesses, including the businesses we have acquired, organically in the future, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in increasing revenues through organic growth.
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Our ability to achieve organic growth in our businesses is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including the following:
| • | | We may face difficulties in integrating, assimilating and managing the operations, technologies, intellectual property, products and personnel of our acquired businesses individually and cumulatively; |
| • | | We will be making additional new investments, including increasing sales and marketing efforts, developing new products and providing additional training in order to generate organic growth, none of which may ultimately prove successful in generating such growth; |
| • | | We may not be successful in introducing products and services we acquire to new markets. For example, one of our strategies in our enterprise software business is to target the markets in Japan and China for enterprise application software. Starting in late 2004 and continuing through 2005 and 2006, we are emphasizing the growth of CDC Software Asia Pacific which was formed in 2004 to sell our entire range of enterprise application software products in the Asia Pacific region, including Australia and New Zealand. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in this strategy; and |
| • | | While with the completion of our acquisitions of Pivotal and Ross, we have added an additional approximate 3,200 customers to our customer base which on a combined basis totals approximately 4,000 customers which have licensed our enterprise software products worldwide as of December 31, 2005 (which does not include the addition of more than 1,000 customers added as a result of our acquisition of c360 Solutions in April 2006), we may not be successful in our strategy of leveraging upon cross-selling opportunities with respect to our expanded customer base. In addition to our customers not finding our other enterprise software products attractive, it has also been our experience that the revenues which can be generated in a sale of additional products made through a cross-sale is often less than the amount of revenues which would have been generated if the sale had been made by an independent third party software supplier. This is because often the customer views the purchase of the cross-sold software product as only a module to their existing enterprise software solution, rather than a complete standalone software product, and therefore are less willing to pay the full market price for the product than if the sale had been made by an independent third party. |
Our inability to achieve organic growth in our businesses will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Relating to our CDC Software Business Unit
The market for enterprise software application products and services is highly competitive. We have entered this market recently, and if we fail to compete effectively, our failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The business information systems industry in general and the enterprise software industry in particular are very competitive and subject to rapid technological change. Many of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources, greater name recognition, larger technical staffs and a larger installed customer base than we do. A number of companies offer products that are similar to our products and that target the same markets. In addition, many of these competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, and to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we can. Furthermore, because there are relatively low barriers to entry in the software industry, we expect additional competition from other established and emerging companies. Such competitors may develop products and services that compete with our products and services or may acquire companies, businesses and product lines that compete with us. It is also possible that competitors may create alliances and rapidly acquire significant market share. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that our current or potential competitors will not develop or acquire products or services comparable or superior to those that we develop, combine or merge to form significant competitors or adapt more quickly than we can to new technologies, evolving industry trends and changing customer requirements. Competition could cause price reductions, reduced margins or loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our strategy in this market, and affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
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Our major competitors include:
| • | | enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) providers, including Sage Group, Epicor, Infor Global Solutions, Microsoft Corporation, Oracle/Peoplesoft, QAD, Inc., SAP AG, SSA Global Technologies, Inc., and various local providers in the Greater China market such as FlexSystem Holdings Ltd., Kingdee International Software Group Company Limited and UFIDA Software Co. Ltd.; |
| • | | customer relationship management (“CRM”) providers, including Chordiant Software, Inc., SSA Global Technologies, Inc., Microsoft Corporation, Onyx Software Corporation, Oracle/Peoplesoft, Salesforce.com, SalesLogix (part of Best Software/Sage Group plc), SAP AG and Siebel Systems, Inc.; |
| • | | supply chain management (“SCM”) providers, including Aspen Technologies, i2 Technologies, Inc., Manhattan Associates, Manugistics Group, Inc., Logility Inc., and Infor Global Solutions; |
| • | | human resource management (“HRM”) providers, including Oracle/Peoplesoft, SAP AG, and various local providers in the Greater China market, including Cityray Technology (China) Ltd., UFIDA Software Co. Ltd., BenQ Group, Vanguard Software Corporation, Strategy Software Systems Co., Ltd, Shanghai Kayang Information System Co., Ltd. and Kingdee International Software Group Co., Ltd; |
| • | | business intelligence (“BI”) providers, including Business Objects SA, Cognos, Inc., Hyperion, Inc. and SAS Institute, Inc.; and |
| • | | information technology consulting and outsourcing service providers including Accenture Ltd., Cambridge Technology Partners Inc., Cap Gemini, Electronic Data Systems Corporation, IBM Global Services, Infosys Technologies, Wipro Ltd., and various niche local service providers specializing in IT outsourcing services. |
Many of these companies are well funded with long operating histories of profitable performance. They possess a number of tangible strengths and advantages, including high quality client lists and high numbers of highly qualified staff, complemented by extensive operating infrastructures. The principal competitive factors in the market for enterprise software application software include product reputation, product functionality, performance, quality of customer support, size of installed base, financial stability, corporate viability, hardware and software platforms supported, price, and timeliness of installation.
As we pursue our strategy of developing our enterprise software business, we are exposed to a variety of risks in this market that may affect our ability to generate revenues from the sale of enterprise application software and related support services.
As we pursue our strategy of developing our enterprise software business, we anticipate that we will continue to generate a significant portion of our revenues in the future from the sale of various enterprise software application packages and related services. Accordingly, any factor that adversely affects fees derived from the sale of such applications would have a material adverse affect on our business, results of operations and performance. For example, in 2001 and continuing through most of 2003, the market for enterprise software application products continued to be negatively impacted by challenging economic conditions in the United States, Europe and Asia. While the market has stabilized, there can be no assurances that this will continue. In addition, while we are committed to the enterprise application software market, if we are not successful in communicating our commitment or a clear strategy, and offering a vision with respect to our product roadmap and technology platforms going forward, customers and potential customers may be less inclined to make significant investments in our enterprise software products. Other such factors which could affect our enterprise software strategy may include:
| • | | competition from other products; |
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| • | | incompatibility with third party hardware or software products; |
| • | | negative publicity or valuation of our products and services; |
| • | | obsolescence of the hardware platforms or software environments on which our products run; |
| • | | our ability to increasingly move software development capabilities to places like India and China where costs are generally lower, but subjects us to additional risks including competition to hire qualified programmers (and a resultant upward pressure on remuneration costs), turnover risk, language barriers, and challenges to remotely manage staff due to time zone differences and distance; and |
| • | | continuing low level expenditures in the enterprise software market. |
Our enterprise software revenues fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter which may cause volatility in our share price.
A sale of a new license generally requires a customer to make a purchase decision that involves a significant commitment of capital. Many factors have caused and may in the future cause our enterprise software revenue to fluctuate significantly. Some of these factors are:
| • | | the timing of significant orders, delivery and implementation of products; |
| • | | the gain or loss of any significant customer; |
| • | | the number, timing and significance of new product announcements and releases by us or our competitors; |
| • | | our ability to acquire or develop (independently or through strategic relationships with third parties), introduce and market new and enhanced versions of our products on a timely basis; |
| • | | possible delays in the shipment of new or enhanced products and purchasing delays of current products as our customers anticipate new product releases; |
| • | | order cancellations and shipment rescheduling or delays; |
| • | | reductions in the rate at which opportunities in our pipeline convert into license agreements, |
| • | | patterns of capital spending and changes in budgeting cycles by our customers; |
| • | | market acceptance of new and enhanced versions of our products; |
| • | | changes in the pricing and the mix of products and services we sell; |
| • | | seasonal variations in our sales cycle; |
| • | | the level of product and price competition; |
| • | | exchange rate fluctuations; and |
| • | | changes in personnel and related costs. |
In addition, we expect that a substantial portion of our enterprise software revenues will continue to be derived from renewals of maintenance contracts from customers of our software applications. These maintenance contracts typically expire on an annual basis, if not renewed, and the timing of cash collections from related revenues varies from quarter to quarter.
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Some customers are reluctant to make large purchases before they have had the opportunity to observe how our software performs in their organization, and have opted instead to make their planned purchase in stages or subject to conditions. Additional purchases, if any, may follow only if the software performs as expected. To the extent the number of customers who opt to purchase in stages or subject to conditions increases, it could adversely affect our revenue.
Our failure to successfully introduce, market and sell new products and technologies, enhance and improve existing products in a timely manner, and properly position or price our products, as well as undetected errors or delays in new products or new versions of a product or the failure of anticipated market growth could individually and/or collectively have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial position.
Our enterprise software products compete in a market characterized by rapid technological advances in hardware and software development, evolving standards in computer hardware and software technology and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. We continually seek to expand and refresh our product offerings to include newer features or products, and enter into agreements allowing integration of third-party technology into our products. The introduction of new products or updated versions of continuing products has inherent risks, including, but not limited to:
| • | | product quality, including the possibility of software defects, which could result in claims against us or the inability to sell our software products; |
| • | | the fit of the new products and features with the customer’s needs, which could result in the customer seeking the product elsewhere; |
| • | | educating our sales, marketing and consulting personnel to work with the new products and features, which may strain our resources and lengthen sales cycles; |
| • | | competition from earlier and more established entrants that may have more significant resources than us; |
| • | | market acceptance of initial product releases; |
| • | | marketing effectiveness; and |
| • | | the accuracy of research or assumptions about the nature of customer demand, whereas actual demand could be limited or non-existent. |
As we or our competition introduce new or enhanced products, the market’s demand for our older products and older versions of such products declines. Declining demand reduces revenue from additional licenses and reduces maintenance revenue from past purchasers of our software. We must continually upgrade our older products in order for our customers to continue to see value in our maintenance services. If we are unable to provide continued improvements in functionality or move customers with our older products to our newer products, declining maintenance and new license revenue from older products could have a material adverse effect on our enterprise software business. In addition, because we commit substantial resources to developing new software products and services, if the markets for these new products do not develop as anticipated, or demand for our products and services in these markets does not materialize or materializes later than we expect, we will have expended substantial resources and capital without realizing sufficient revenue, and our enterprise software business and operating results could be adversely affected.
The decisions we make about which underlying technology platforms to base our products upon, particularly any eventual migration to a newer technology platform which becomes necessary or advisable to make as older technologies become obsolete and new technologies mature and become more widely accepted, subjects us to risks which could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In our enterprise software line of business, we must make decisions as to which underlying technology platforms to base our products upon. During the natural evolutionary cycle of technology, as older technologies become obsolete and new technologies mature and become more widely accepted, we may eventually need to migrate our products from older technology platforms to new technology platforms. Any decisions we make with respect to making such a migration, and any such subsequent migration process, subject us to a variety of risks which could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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We may not be successful in migrating our products to new technology platforms. In the past, several software companies have been unsuccessful with such migrations for a variety of reasons, such as an inability to adapt the new technology, bugs and errors in the product resulting from a significant rewrite of the software code, the inability to complete the migration process in a timely manner, and dependence upon the functionality and timely release of the new technology platform. In addition, the migration of software products to new technology platforms also subjects existing customers who decide to upgrade to the new technology to risks, such as the functionality of our migration tools which move customers from the old technology platform to the new technology platform and the clarity of documentation for the product on the new technology platform. If customers wish to upgrade, but encounter serious problems in the upgrade process or are not successful in upgrading, it could subject us to unfavorable publicity or customer relationships which could affect future upgrade sales to these or other customers. The risks associated with migrating to new technology platforms also includes the possibility that a customer will view this as an opportunity to review whether to upgrade or instead purchase a replacement solution from another supplier or competitor based on an analysis of the benefits and costs associated with upgrading versus replacement. In addition, as the time approaches for the release of upgraded software products built on new technology platforms, there is a risk that potential customers who might otherwise buy our products will delay their purchases until the new release to take advantage of the new technology, or that some customers who agree to purchase our products will insist on free upgrades or free integration services when the upgrade is available. Any of the these risks could materially affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may not be successful in growing our sales organization and sales channels which would harm our ability to grow our business. In addition, efforts to grow our indirect sales channels expose us to additional risks.
To date, we have sold our solutions primarily through our direct sales force, particularly in the North American market. Our future revenue growth will depend in large part on recruiting, training and retaining direct sales personnel and expanding our indirect distribution channels. These indirect channels include value added resellers, or VARs, original equipment manufacturing, or OEM, partners, systems integrators and consulting firms.
While we believe the acquisition of c360 Solutions will assist us in expanding our indirect sales channels by leveraging upon its network of over 450 partners through which c360 Solutions exclusively sells its products, we may nonetheless experience difficulty in recruiting and retaining qualified direct sales personnel and in establishing third-party relationships with VARs, OEM partners, systems integrators and consulting firms. If we are not successful in growing our sales organization and sales channels, it would harm our ability to grow our business. In addition, we are exposed to risk as a result of forming relationships in these indirect channels and with such third-parties in the event such third-parties do not devote sufficient time, attention and resources to learning our products, markets and potential customers or if such third-parties encounter difficulties with their customers involving our products which could then adversely affect our reputation and the reputation of our products in the market.
If we are unable to take advantage of opportunities to market and sell the products and services of our newly-acquired companies such as Ross, Pivotal and IMI, to our customers, distribution channels and business partners in Asia, the value of our investment in Ross, Pivotal and IMI could be significantly diminished.
As part of our strategy, one of the significant anticipated benefits of the acquisitions of Ross, Pivotal and IMI is expanding these businesses in the Asia-Pacific region (with our key target markets being Japan and the PRC) by leveraging our local expertise and distribution channels. In particular, we believe we can cross-sell and market Ross’, Pivotal’s and IMI’s ERP, CRM and SCM applications and implementation services in growth markets for such software in Asia. The products and services of Ross, Pivotal and IMI are highly technical, principally servicing market segments and customers in which we traditionally have limited experience, and our salespersons may not be successful in marketing Ross, Pivotal or IMI products and services. In the event that we cannot adapt the Ross, Pivotal or IMI products to the needs of the local markets, or our traditional customers and business partners are not receptive to Ross’, Pivotal’s or IMI’s products and services, we may not realize some of the expected benefits of our investment in these companies, and the value of our investment could be significantly diminished.
Our strategy of developing industry products for specific industry segments, or micro-verticals, may not be successful which could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Many of our enterprise software products have been tailored to be industry-specific which allow businesses to immediately gain business benefits as the industry-specific customizations have already been completed. For example, with respect to Ross’ products, Ross focuses on the food and beverage, life sciences, chemicals, metals and natural products industries. Pivotal’s products have already been optimized and configured to include CRM products for the financial services (asset management, capital markets, commercial banking and private banking), healthcare provider, homebuilder, and life sciences (medical device manufacturing) markets. IMI’s products have been tailored towards order management, warehouse management and store replenishment for the grocery, specialty goods and pharmaceutical and over-the-counter drugs industries.
This strategy of developing industry products for specific industry segments may not be successful for a variety of reasons due to risks both inside and outside of our control, including the following:
| • | | we cannot be certain that the companies in the micro-vertical markets we have selected will find our products attractive; |
| • | | many of our micro-vertical markets are subject to their own economic cycles, regulatory considerations and other factors which are beyond our control. For example, the homebuilder micro-vertical is sensitive to interest rate movements and the healthcare micro-vertical is subject to significant governmental regulations; |
| • | | some of our micro-vertical products have only been recently introduced, so do not have a large installed base of users or developed significant recognition in their industry; |
| • | | we may experience difficulty in recruiting sales, business and technical personnel who have experience in a particular micro-vertical industry; |
| • | | due to resource constraints, we have a limited number of developers who can focus upon developing for the micro-verticals; and |
| • | | in the event we decide to devote limited resources into a micro-vertical market, such as by dedicating a sales representative, such a resource may not be available to focus on general sales. |
If our strategy of developing industry products for specific micro-vertical markets is not be successful, it could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may not receive significant revenues from our research and development efforts for several years.
Developing, enhancing and localizing software is expensive, and the investment in product development may involve a long payback cycle. In 2005 our research and development expense was $22.6 million or approximately 9% of our total consolidated net revenues. Our future plans include significant additional investments in software research and development and related product opportunities. We believe that we must continue to dedicate a significant amount of resources to our research and development efforts to maintain our competitive position. However, we do not expect to receive significant revenues from these investments for several years, if at all.
We have been increasingly migrating software development capabilities for our enterprise application software products to India and China, which subjects us to several risks that may affect our business.
We have been increasingly moving software development capabilities for our enterprise application software products to India and China. Pivotal has established a software development center in Bangalore, India and Ross has established a software development center in Shanghai, China. While we believe the migration of software development capabilities offshore to India and China offers several advantages, including lower software development costs principally due to the relatively lower salaries of programmers in India and China, such off-shoring also subjects us to various risks, including the following:
| • | | Competition to hire qualified programmers and developers in these local markets; |
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| • | | Risks associated with turnover of programmers and developers, particularly where we have devoted time and resources to train such persons to be familiar with our enterprise application software products; |
| • | | Challenges due to the need to remotely manage developers and programmers in India and China, particularly when the persons most familiar with the needs of the customer and the desired new functionality and features are not also located in India and China; |
| • | | Language and other communications barriers, particularly with software development in China; and |
| • | | Time zone differences which make liaising and communicating with persons in India and China more difficult. |
While the vast majority of our professional services engagements associated with the sale and implementation of our enterprise application software products are billed on a time and materials basis, there are certain instances when management may accept fixed price engagements for certain of our products which exposes us to various risks.
While the vast majority of our professional services engagements associated with the sale and implementation of our enterprise application software products are billed on a time and materials basis, management may occasionally accept a fixed price engagement, particularly when management believes by appropriately managing the fixed price engagement we can achieve a greater hourly rate than we normally would when the customer purchases our services by the hour. The nature of a fixed price engagement, however, is such that a failure to estimate accurately the resources and time required for an engagement, to manage client expectations effectively regarding the scope of the services to be delivered for the estimated fees or to complete fixed price engagements within budget, on time and to clients’ satisfaction could expose us to risks associated with cost overruns and penalties. This risk of needing to commit unanticipated additional resources to complete a professional services engagement billed on a fixed price basis could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
A substantial percentage of our business services engagements are billed on a fixed price basis which may be subject to cost overruns if we do not accurately estimate the costs of these engagements or if clients change the scope of a project.
A substantial percentage of our business services engagements consists of individual, non-recurring, short-term projects billed on a fixed price basis as distinguished from a method of billing on a time and materials basis. At times this requires us to commit unanticipated additional resources to complete business services engagements, which may result, and has in the past resulted, in losses on certain engagements. Our failure to obtain new business services business in any given quarter or estimate accurately the resources and time required for an engagement, to manage client expectations effectively regarding the scope of the services to be delivered for the estimated fees or to complete fixed price engagements within budget, on time and to clients’ satisfaction (particularly if a client changes the scope of the project) could expose us to risks associated with cost overruns and penalties, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our clients could unexpectedly terminate their contracts for our services which could result in a loss of expected revenues and additional expenses for redeployment of staff and resources.
The standard terms for many of our business services contracts include a down payment of a relatively low percentage of the fee at the commencement of the contract with the balance of the payments subject to the achievement of specific milestones and deliverables. We generally do not require collateral for accounts receivable. The final payment is not due until completion of successful user acceptance testing. However, most of our business services contracts can be cancelled by the client with limited advance notice and without significant penalty. Termination by any client of a contract for our services could result in a loss of expected revenues, additional expenses for redeployment of staff and resources that were allocated to the terminated engagement, and underutilized employees and resources. The unexpected cancellation or significant reduction in the scope of any of our large business services projects could have a material adverse effect on the business of our business services companies, particularly those companies which depend upon a relatively small number of key clients for a substantial portion of their business. Should any of those key clients unexpectedly terminate their contracts for our services or determine to use other service providers for some of their services, this could result in a significant loss of revenues for such companies which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Our business services contracts may expose us to potential litigation and liabilities.
Our business services and advertising businesses involve services agreements with customers, some of which do not have disclaimers or limitations on liability for special, consequential and incidental damages, or do not have caps or have relatively high caps on the amounts its customers can recover for damages. Some of our subsidiaries do not carry professional indemnity or other insurance covering our exposure to any liability for any claims or breaches under the customer contracts. While there are no current material claims or litigation in connection with the service contracts, there can be no assurance that future claims will not arise. Any claim under customer contracts could subject us to litigation and give rise to substantial liability for damages, including special, consequential or incidental, that could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Failure by third party suppliers to provide us with software and hardware components could affect our ability to operate our business services business.
In several of our business services units and in CDC Software Asia Pacific, we depend on third party suppliers of software and hardware components. For our various business units, we rely on components that are sourced from key suppliers, including Business Objects S.A., Cisco Systems, Inc., Intel Corporation, Interactive Intelligence, Inc., International Business Machines Corporation, LSI Logic Corporation, Macrovison Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Network Appliance, Inc., Oracle Corporation, Sun Microsystems Corporation, and Wherescape Software, Ltd. Any failure or delay on the part of our suppliers may prevent us from receiving the components, products and support we need to conduct our operations. Our inability to develop alternative sources for the software and hardware we need to operate our business may materially and adversely affect our operating efficiency and results of operations.
Each of our business services businesses face intense competition. If we fail to compete effectively, our failure could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operation.
Each of our business services businesses, many of which are smaller in size and operate in localized regional markets (such as Australia, Korea, and the northeast United States) face intense competition. A significant portion of the revenues from some of our business services companies is obtained through key software owners who use our businesses as channel partners on a non-exclusive basis. Should any of those key partners decide to sell their software or provide services directly into our market, or use other service providers, this could result in a loss of expected revenues.
In addition, many of our existing competitors, as well as a number of potential new competitors, have longer operating histories in each of our target business services markets, greater name recognition, larger customer bases and greater financial, technical and marketing resources when compared to us. For example, as our business evolves to place greater emphasis on outsourced software development and support services, we will face competition from many of the large Asia Pacific-based outsourcing firms such as Infosys Technologies Ltd and Wipro Ltd. Any of our present or future competitors may provide products and services that provide significant performance, price, creative or other advantages over those offered by us. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against our current or future competitors, particularly as markets continue to consolidate, change or mature.
The holding company structure through which we have invested in IMI is complex, and subjects us to risks, including an obligation to purchase the shares of IMI from IMI’s other shareholder upon the occurrence of certain events which may result in the use of a significant amount of our cash or issuance of a significant number of our shares.
In September 2003, we acquired a 51% interest in Cayman First Tier, the holding company of IMI, an international provider of software to the order management systems sector, in exchange for $25.0 million to subscribe for new shares in Cayman First Tier. Symphony Technology Group, a Palo Alto, California based venture capital company holds the remaining 49% in Cayman First Tier. Cayman First Tier holds 100% of the shares of IMI through intermediate holding companies. IMI’s assets include software solutions which it has developed for retailers, wholesalers and consumer goods manufacturers, particularly in the grocery, specialty goods, and pharmaceutical and over-the-counter drugs industries.
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Symphony has an option to require us to purchase all of its 49% interest in IMI at any time during the twelve months following the occurrence of unpermitted changes in the composition of IMI’s executive committee, a decision of IMI’s executive committee being overruled by the IMI board, or modifications to the rights, powers or responsibilities of IMI’s executive committee without the approval of the directors appointed by Symphony. The purchase price for Symphony’s interest in IMI would be based on the financial performance of IMI. An exercise by Symphony of its option to require us to purchase its entire 49% interest in IMI may result in the use of a significant amount of our cash or issuance of a significant number of our shares, which may have a material adverse effect on our capital resources and stock price due to actual or perceived dilution. See Item 10.C – “Additional Information – Material Contracts – Expansion through Acquisitions and Partnerships – Cayman First Tier” for additional descriptions of our arrangements in connection with Cayman First Tier.
Our strategy to target higher margin services related to database marketing through our subsidiary, Mezzo Business Databases Pty Limited, or Mezzo, is subject to numerous risks, may not be successful, and could therefore limit the amount of advertising/marketing revenues we can generate.
Our advertising/marketing strategy is to target higher margin services related to database marketing. Our Mezzo business in Australia provides business marketing data and marketing support services. Mezzo maintains the IncNet databases as a source of marketing intelligence on medium and large companies and organizations in Australia and New Zealand which are used as a source of information by many business-to-business direct marketers. Our Mezzo business is subject to numerous risks, including the following:
| • | | we depend upon the ability of Mezzo to maintain up-to-date datasets, and if Mezzo fails to maintain its databases, its services will be less attractive to customers; |
| • | | we may not be able to successfully market services in this business segment outside of Australia where the Mezzo business and our datasets are currently located; |
| • | | we may not be able to attract larger clients with correspondingly larger marketing budgets due to the limited size and scope of our current operational base in Australia; |
| • | | we face competition from companies that have developed large datasets and established related products and services, such as Acxiom and D&B, affiliated with The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation; |
| • | | we rely upon channel partners to distribute our databases to end-users, and should those channel partners determine to use other databases or stop or reduce their distribution in our market, this could result in a loss of expected revenues; and |
| • | | we may suffer continued reductions in revenues and profits as a result of the application of anti-spamming legislation in Australia (in particular, the Spam Act 2003 (Cth)) that could continue to reduce the distribution potential of our databases. |
Risks Relating to our China.com Inc. Business Unit
The mobile applications and portal markets in China are highly competitive. If we fail to compete effectively, our failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are not the only company providing mobile services and applications, such as wireless services including Short Message Service (“SMS”), Interactive Voice Response (“IVR”), Multimedia Message Service (“MMS”) and Wireless Application Protocol (“WAP”), in China. We face intense and increasing competition for subscribers, mobile services and applications, and content from companies such as: Sina Corporation, Sohu.com Inc., NetEase.com Inc., Tom Online Inc., Tencent.com Technology Limited, Linktone Ltd., Mtone Wireless Corporation and Kongzhong, as well as a number of smaller companies that serve China’s mobile services and applications market. In addition, in our portal business, our competition for user traffic, ease of use and functionality include Chinese and/or English language based Web search and retrieval companies, including AltaVista Co., Apple Daily, ChinaByte, FindWhat.com, Google, Inc., HotBot, HotWired Ventures, Lycos, Inc., Mingpao.com, MSN, Netease.com, Inc., Netvigator.com, Overture Services, Inc. (acquired by
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Yahoo!, Inc.), Shanghai Online, Sina Corporation, Sohu.com, Inc., Tom Online Inc. and Yahoo!, Inc. We may also encounter increased competition from Internet service providers, Web site operators and providers of Web browser software, including Microsoft Corporation or Netscape Communications Corporation, that incorporate search and retrieval features in their products. Our competitors may develop Web search, retrieval services, freemail and community services that are equal or superior to those we offer our users, and may achieve greater market acceptance than our offerings in the area of performance, ease of use and functionality.
Many of our competitors have more experience and longer operating histories in our target markets than us, as well as greater name recognition, larger customer bases and greater financial, technical and marketing resources. We may not be able to compete successfully against our competitors. Our failure to remain competitive may cause us to lose our market share in the mobile services and applications and/or portals business, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.
We depend primarily on the four mobile network operators in China for delivery of our mobile services and applications, and the termination or alteration of our various contracts with either of them or their provincial or local affiliates could materially and adversely impact our business.
We offer our mobile services and applications to consumers primarily through the four mobile network operators in China, China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom and China Netcom, which service nearly all of China’s mobile subscribers. Such dominant market position limits our negotiating leverage with these network operators. If our various contracts with either network operator are terminated or adversely altered, it may be impossible to find appropriate replacement operators with the requisite licenses and permits, infrastructure and customer base to offer our services, and our business would be significantly impaired. For the year ended December 31, 2005, we derived approximately 14% of our total revenues from our Mobile Services and Applications segment, a substantial portion of which was delivered through the mobile network operators.
Delivery of our mobile services and applications is governed by contracts between us and the national, provincial or local affiliates of the mobile network operators. Each of these contracts is nonexclusive and has a limited term (generally one or two years). We usually renew these contracts or enter into new ones when the prior contracts expire, but on occasion the renewal or new contract can be delayed by periods of one month or more. The terms of these contracts vary, but the mobile network operators are generally entitled to terminate them in advance for a variety of reasons or, in some cases, for no reason at their discretion. For example, several of our contracts with the mobile network operators can be terminated if:
| • | | we fail to achieve performance standards established by the applicable mobile network operator from time to time; |
| • | | we breach our obligations under the contracts, which include, in many cases, the obligation not to deliver content that violates the network operator’s policies and applicable law; |
| • | | the mobile network operator receives high levels of customer complaints about our mobile services or applications; or |
| • | | the mobile network operator sends us written notice that it wishes to terminate the contract at the end of the applicable notice period. |
We may also be compelled to alter our arrangements with these mobile network operators in ways which materially and adversely affect our business. Our agreements with the mobile network operators are subject to negotiation and performance evaluation upon renewal, and we are aware that the mobile network operators have notified other mobile service providers of their intention to either not renew their agreements or to revise their revenue sharing arrangements upon the expiration of the existing cooperation agreements. We cannot assure you that the mobile network operators will either renew our agreement or not demand further changes to our revenue sharing arrangements in the future. If any of the mobile network operators decides to change its content or transmission fees or its share of revenue, or does not comply with the terms of the agreements, our revenue and profitability could be materially adversely affected.
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The regulators and the mobile network operators in China have imposed unilateral changes in their regulations and policies in the past. Depending upon the nature of these regulatory and policy changes and our ability to implement and adhere to them, our business and financial results could be materially adversely affected.
The regulators in China have unilaterally changed their regulations as applied to third party service providers in the past, and may do so again in the future. For example, in mid 2004, the Ministry of Information and Industry in China began requiring wireless service providers to apply for a nationwide value-added telecommunications services operating license, or a CP license, in order to provide value-added telecommunication services throughout China. China Mobile then issued a notice requiring all service providers to provide evidence of a CP license by October 31, 2004. After October 31, 2004, China Mobile and its subsidiaries ceased working with most of the service providers without CP licenses. The Ministry of Information and Industry has accepted Newpalm’s and Go2joy’s application for a CP license. Although we were able to acquire the required CP licenses in this particular instance without a substantial impact on our business, we may not be able to respond adequately to negative regulatory developments in the future because we are not able to predict any unilateral regulatory changes.
In January 2005, the Chinese State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (“SARFT”), which regulates radio and television stations in China, issued a notice prohibiting commercials for mobile services related to “fortune-telling” from airing on radio and television stations effective in February 2005. This notice could also lead to further actions by other Chinese government authorities to prohibit the sale of such fortune-telling related products which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. SARFT or other Chinese government authorities may prohibit the marketing of other mobile services via a channel we depend on to generate revenues, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In addition, some of the mobile network operators have unilaterally changed their policies as applied to third party service providers in the past, and may do so again in the future. For example, China Mobile banned all cooperative arrangements known as “SMS Website Unions” in July 2003, effectively precluding large service providers from aggregating unregistered websites and utilizing China Mobile’s billing platform to gather fees for these services. In August 2003, China Mobile further banned service providers from using its network to charge customers for services which were deemed by it to be not purely wireless services. Although we were not engaged in these activities and, therefore, these particular policy changes did not impact our business, we may not be able to respond adequately to negative developments in our contractual relationships with the relevant mobile network operators in the future because we are not able to predict any unilateral policy changes.
More recently, in April 2005, the National Copyright Administration and the Ministry of Information Industry issued the Measures for the Administrative Protection of Internet Copyright (the “Measures”) which, amongst other things, allows a copyright owner to issue a notice to an Internet Service Provider (“ISP”) informing them that materials are being made available on the internet without authorization from the copyright owner. Under the Measures, upon receipt of such notice, the ISP is obligated to block access to the identified material until an alleged breach is confirmed. We anticipate an increased amount of notices being issued by copyright owners which may result in us being denied access to the identified material until the alleged breach is confirmed which could have a material adverse impact on our business.
Further, in August 2005, the General Administration of Press and Publication (“GAPP”) introduced as an anti-addiction program which requires online game publishers to limit the length of time a person can play online. While this program has so far not been overly effective, GAPP could in the future enforce new requirements in relation to this program which could significantly reduce our online game revenue by reducing the online time of players.
China Mobile has imposed penalties on one of our mobile services and applications businesses for breaches and irregularities in the provision of services to users. If penalties are imposed by the mobile network operators in the future with respect to either our past or future activities, our business and financial results could be materially adversely affected.
In August 2004, Go2joy, one of our mobile services and applications units, received notice from China Mobile that China Mobile was imposing sanctions and penalties upon Go2joy and 21 other mobile value added service providers in China for various violations of China Mobile’s requirements. In connection with Go2joy, China Mobile indicated that Go2joy: in Shanxi province had inadvertently charged inactive users; in Hunan province, as a result of an agreement to
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take on certain services of a content partner, had transferred certain users to its SMS platform without positive confirmation of the users or approval from China Mobile; in Shanxi and Henan provinces had sent inappropriately worded SMS promotional messages to users; and had inadvertently continued to charge some cancelled accounts for SMS services.
The sanctions resulted in temporary suspension of Go2joy’s existing SMS services from August 2004 until February 2005 when Go2joy was able to resume billing for SMS services over China Mobile’s network. In addition, China Mobile temporarily suspended the approval of Go2joy’s application to operate on new platforms until the end of 2004 and suspended the approval of Go2joy’s application to offer new products and services on all existing platforms, such as SMS and IVR, until June 30, 2005. China Mobile also imposed fines of around RMB1.3 million, or approximately $160,000. The sanctions imposed by China Mobile did not affect Go2joy’s existing IVR services. Under the sanctions, Go2joy was required, among other things, to establish a satisfactory connection with the Mobile Information Service Center, or MISC platform, a centralized service provider monitoring system operated by China Mobile.
The mobile network operators have a wide range of policies and procedures regarding customer service, quality control and other aspects of the wireless value-added services industry. As the industry has evolved over the last several years, the mobile network operators have refined these policies to improve overall service quality. In addition, acting under the guidance of China’s Ministry of Information Industry, the mobile network operators have begun enforcing their customer service policies more rigorously than in the past and have initiated steps to improve customer service. If enforcement of such policies in the future results in additional penalties, such as being precluded from offering certain services over a mobile network operator’s network or from offering new services for a fixed period, our business and financial results could be materially adversely affected.
In addition, we are also subject to potential liability and penalty for delivering inappropriate content through our mobile value added services. For example, in July 2004, China Mobile temporarily terminated the IVR service of one of our competitors for violating certain operating procedures. One of the violations cited in the notice for temporary termination was that it had provided inappropriate content to its mobile subscribers through its IVR service. The definition and interpretation of inappropriate content in many cases is vague and subjective. We are not sure whether mobile network operators including China Mobile and China Unicom or the Chinese government will find our mobile content inappropriate and therefore prevent us from operating the mobile value added services relating to such content in the future. If they prevent us from offering such services, our profit from mobile values added services will suffer.
We may not be able to adequately respond to other developments in mobile network operator policies, or changes in the manner in which such policies are enforced. Furthermore, because the mobile network operators’ policies are in a state of change at this time and they are highly sensitive to customer complaints (even if the complaints may not have a bona fide basis), we cannot be certain that our business activities will always be deemed in compliance with those policies despite our efforts to comply. Accordingly, we may be subject to monetary penalties or service suspensions or both, even for conduct which we believed to be permissible. Any future noncompliance with the mobile network operators’ policies by us, whether inadvertent or not, could result in a material and adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
In addition to enhanced enforcement of their policies, the mobile operators have been adopting new billing systems and policies which we believe have contributed to declines in our SMS revenue.
China Mobile and China Unicom are adopting new billing systems for 2G services, like SMS, on a province-by-province basis, which require users to make two confirmations to order services via the Internet or mobile phone, enable users to more easily cancel services and prevent service providers from billing inactive users for subscription-based services. As of December 31, 2005, these new billing systems were wholly or partially operational in 31 provinces for China Mobile and 21 provinces for China Unicom. In addition, effective January 1, 2005, China Mobile changed its billing policy so that we can no longer collect revenue with respect to undeliverable MMS messages. Previously, MMS messages that were undeliverable because the recipient’s handset was turned off, out of the network service area or not equipped to handle MMS messages were forwarded to an Internet mailbox, and we were entitled to collect revenue in connection with the messages.
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We believe the new billing systems and changes in policies have resulted and may further result in lower mobile services and applications revenues or additional operating costs for us. We cannot assure you that our financial condition and results of operations will not be materially adversely affected by any new system, policy or guideline imposed by the mobile network operators in the future.
Our business could be adversely affected if any of the mobile network operators begin providing their own mobile applications.
Our mobile business may be adversely affected if any of the mobile network operators decide to terminate our existing revenue-sharing relationship and begin providing their own mobile services and applications to subscribers. In that case, we would not only face enhanced competition, but could be partially or fully denied access to their networks.
If any of the mobile network operators fail to bill their customers or to provide billing confirmations for our mobile applications, our mobile applications revenues could be significantly reduced.
We depend upon the mobile network operators to maintain accurate records of the fees paid by users and their willingness to pay us. Specifically, the mobile network operators provide us with monthly statements that do not provide itemized information indicating for which mobile services and applications the mobile network operator has collected fees. As a result, monthly statements that we have received from the mobile network operators cannot be reconciled to our internal records on a segmented basis. In addition, access to the mobile network operators’ internal billing and collection records is subject to the discretion of such operators; we have only limited means to verify the information provided to us independently. Our mobile services and applications revenues could be significantly reduced if these mobile network operators miscalculate the revenues generated from our mobile services and applications and our portion of those revenues.
Our mobile applications revenues are affected by billing and transmission failures which are often beyond our control.
We do not collect fees for delivery of our mobile services and applications from the mobile network operators in a number of instances, including if:
| • | | the delivery of our mobile services and applications to a subscriber is prevented because his or her mobile phone is turned off for an extended period of time, the customer’s prepaid phone card has no value or the subscriber has ceased to be a customer of the applicable mobile network operator; |
| • | | the applicable mobile network operator experiences technical problems with its network which prevent the delivery of our mobile services and applications to the subscriber; |
| • | | we experience technical problems with our technology platform that prevents delivery of our mobile services and applications; or |
| • | | the subscriber refuses to pay for our mobile services and applications due to quality or other problems. |
These situations are known in the mobile services and applications industry as billing and transmission failures. We do not expect to recover revenues that are lost due to billing and transmission failures. The failure rate can vary among network operators, and by province, and also have fluctuated significantly in the past. For example, for the year ended December 31, 2005, the average monthly transmission failure rate ranged from 5% to 10%. We do not have any agreements with the mobile network operators that provide that if such differences are greater than a fixed percentage, we have the right to adjust the differences. The mobile network operators have absolute discretion in the adjustment of any difference. Any significant billing and transmission failures therefore will significantly lower our recorded revenues.
Because the mobile network operators do not provide information showing revenues and transmission information on a service-by-service basis, we can only estimate our actual revenues by service type.
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The mobile network operators’ monthly statements to service providers regarding mobile applications delivered through their networks currently do not contain revenues and billing and transmission failure information on a service-by-service basis. Although we maintain our own records reporting the mobile applications provided, we can only estimate the actual revenues by service type because we are unable to confirm from all provincial operators which services were transmitted but resulted in billing and transmission failures. As a result, we are unable to calculate and monitor service-by-service revenues, margins and other financial information, such as average revenue per user by service and total revenues per user by service, with sufficient precision to allow us to accurately determine which of our mobile applications are or may be profitable.
The mobile network operators may impose higher service or network fees if we are unable to satisfy customer usage and other performance criteria, thereby reducing our mobile applications revenues.
Fees for our mobile services and applications are charged on a monthly subscription or per usage basis. Based on our contractual arrangements, we rely upon China Mobile and China Unicom for both billing of, and collection from, subscribers of fees for our mobile applications.
China Mobile and China Unicom generally charge us service fees of 15% to 30% of the revenues generated by our mobile applications, respectively. To the extent that the number of messages sent by us over China Mobile’s network exceeds the number of messages our subscribers send to us, we must pay per message channel fees, which decrease in several provinces as the volume of customer usage of our mobile applications increases. The number of messages sent by us will exceed those sent by our subscribers, for example, if the subscriber sends us a single message to order a game but we must send that subscriber several messages to confirm his or her order and deliver the game itself. Any increase in China Mobile’s or China Unicom’s network fees and service charges could reduce our gross margins. China Telecom and China Netcom generally charge us service fees of 30% to 50% of the revenues generated by our mobile applications, respectively.
The mobile network operators may not authorize our mobile applications to be offered on their networks if we fail to achieve minimum customer usage, revenues and other criteria, thereby adversely affecting our mobile services and applications revenues.
Our business could be adversely affected if we fail to achieve minimum customer usage, revenues and other criteria imposed or revised by the mobile network operators at their discretion from time to time. China Mobile and China Unicom, through their provincial and local offices, have historically preferred to work only with a small group of the best-performing mobile application providers, based upon the uniqueness of the service offered by each provider, total number of subscribers, usage and revenues generated in the applicable province or municipality, the rate of customer complaints, and marketing expenditures in the applicable province or municipality.
In the future, we may fail to meet the then-current performance criteria that mobile network operators in these or other provinces or municipalities set from time to time. In any such case, our mobile applications could be excluded from certain services or from their entire networks at a national, provincial or municipal level, or we could be precluded from introducing new services, which would adversely affect our revenues and growth prospects.
In the event we fail to achieve or maintain a prominent position on the WAP portals of the two principal mobile network operators in China, we may not be able to capture opportunities presented by the expected high growth in the market for WAP services in China which could affect our overall financial condition.
The current practice of the mobile network operators is to place the most popular WAP services at the top of the menu on the first page of the list of services available in each service category on their WAP portals. Services at the top of the menu are more accessible to users than other services and, in our experience, are more frequently accessed than those services lower on the menu. This effectively reinforces the position of the most popular services. The placement of services on these menus creates significant competitive advantages for the top-ranked services and significant challenges for newer and less popular services. In the event we fail to achieve or maintain a prominent position on the WAP portals of the two principal mobile network operators in China, we may not be able to capture opportunities presented by the expected high growth in the market for WAP services in China. This could materially and adversely affect the revenue from our services, and thus our overall financial condition.
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Our mobile applications and their pricing are subject to approval by the applicable mobile network operator, and if requested approvals are not granted in a timely manner, our mobile services and applications business could be adversely affected.
We must obtain approval from the applicable mobile network operator with respect to each mobile application that we propose to offer or charge to their subscribers and the pricing for such mobile application. No assurance can be given that such approvals will be granted in a timely manner or at all. Moreover, under some of our contracts with the mobile network operators, we cannot change prices more than once every six months or charge prices outside a fixed range. Failure to obtain, or a delay in, obtaining such approvals could place us at a competitive disadvantage in the market and adversely affect our mobile applications business.
We rely heavily on certain regions in China for a significant share of our mobile applications revenues. An economic downturn or any loss of our contracts with mobile operators in these provinces could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
A significant portion of our revenues from mobile applications are derived from the provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Sicuan, Shanxi and Henan in China. As such, our results of operations are susceptible to changes in the economies of these regions. An economic downturn in any one of these regions, or our failure to renew our contracts with the applicable mobile network operator in any one of these regions, could reduce our mobile services and applications revenues.
The Chinese government has granted licenses to offer basic wireless telecommunications services in China to third parties with whom we have not yet developed close relationships, and may grant additional licenses to others in the future. If those parties which receive licenses are successful in the mobile applications market, but we are unable to establish new arrangements or develop cooperative relationships with them, our mobile applications business, revenue and overall financial condition could be adversely affected.
The success of our mobile applications business depends on our relationship with China’s mobile network operators. While China Mobile and China Unicom are the largest companies permitted to provide mobile services in China, the Chinese government has granted licenses to offer basic wireless telecommunications services in China to China Network Communications Group Corporation, or China Netcom, and China Telecommunications Corporation, or China Telecom. We have not yet developed close business relationships with those parties as we have done with China Mobile and China Unicom If we are unable to develop our relationship with China Telecom and China Netcom, our revenue and overall financial condition could be adversely affected if they take market share from China Mobile and China Unicom.
Further, China Netcom and China Telecom have recently decided to offer wireless value-added services created by them (or a division of them), rather than by third party service providers such as our company. It is also possible that other parties receiving basic wireless telecommunications licenses may decide to offer wireless value-added services created by them, rather than by a company such as ours. We will be in direct competition with those operators, and our revenue and overall financial condition could be adversely affected if we are not able to compete effectively against them.
Our mobile applications and portal business could be materially adversely affected if the current ownership structure of our Chinese companies that hold ICP licenses is challenged by the Chinese regulatory authorities.
The Chinese government has imposed foreign ownership restrictions and prohibitions on Internet content and telecommunications operations. Laws and regulations in China require all Internet portal and mobile portal operators to obtain an Internet content provider, or ICP, license before they may operate the portals in China. Under current regulations, ICP license holders must be Chinese nationals or domestic Chinese companies. As a result, we cannot be the legal owner of such ICP licenses which are necessary to operate our mobile and portal businesses in China. Currently, each of the three primary business units of China.com has formed domestically registered companies in China to, among other things, be the legal owner of required ICP licenses.
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| • | | Newpalm has formed Beijing Newpalm Technology Co. Ltd. and Beijing Wisecom Technology Co., Ltd. |
| • | | The China.com portal unit has formed Beijing China.com Technology Services Co., Ltd. |
| • | | Go2joy has formed Beijing He He Technology Co., Ltd. |
| • | | 17game has formed Beijing Hulian Jingwei Technology Development Co., Ltd. |
Employees of the respective business units who are Chinese nationals own the shares of the respective domestically registered companies in China. These Chinese nationals, in turn, have entered into trust deed arrangements with respect to the domestically registered companies in China and affiliates of the respective business units under which the Chinese nationals serve as trustees of the trusts, and the business units have formed offshore holding vehicles registered in the British Virgin Islands to be 100% beneficiary of the trusts. For a further description of the corporate structure in China for our China.com subsidiary, see Item 4.C “Information on the Company – Organizational Structure – Corporate Structure in China for our China.com Subsidiary”.
Due to uncertainties relating to the interpretation and application of telecommunications and Internet legislation in China, the authorities in China could, at any time, assert that any part of our existing or future business, or the ownership of the domestically registered companies in China and their ICP licenses through the trust deed arrangements, violate Chinese laws or regulations. If we are found to be in violation of any Chinese law or regulation, the relevant authorities would have broad discretion in imposing penalties, which could include one or more of the following:
| • | | compulsory disgorgement of income for both current and past periods; |
| • | | revocation of our ICP or business license; |
| • | | closure or suspension of our China operations; and |
| • | | compulsory restructuring of our China operations or licensing arrangements. |
Any of these actions may disrupt our services in China, may harm our reputation and could have a material adverse effect on our portal and mobile operations in China. In particular, if any of these ICP licenses are revoked or terminated, our Internet content and mobile operations in China that are dependent on such licenses will be discontinued, which will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Our business could be materially adversely affected if we cannot provide effective operational control of our mobile applications and portal business due to the current ownership structure of our Chinese companies.
As described in the preceding risk factor, we rely upon certain Chinese nationals as the legal owners of the domestically registered companies in China that hold the ICP licenses which are necessary to operate our Internet and mobile businesses in China. Although our indirect subsidiaries are the beneficial owners of these domestically registered companies and such Chinese nationals may be our directors or employees, the rights provided in these trust arrangements are contractual in nature and do not necessarily guarantee operational control. If our trustees fail to perform their obligations, the contractual remedies available in jurisdictions outside China may not provide us with effective control over these domestically registered companies in China due to the uncertainty of enforcing foreign judgments or arbitral awards in China. The loss of effective control over our China operations and licensing would significantly harm our portal and mobile businesses in China.
The dividends, other distributions on equity, service fees, and other payments we may receive from our domestically registered companies in China are subject to restrictions under Chinese law.
The domestically registered companies in China through which we conduct operations for each of China.com’s three primary business units and have an indirect ownership interest through trust deed arrangements are the primary
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revenue generating entities of each of the primary business units of China.com. Each of China.com’s three primary business units have formed and invested in a wholly foreign owned enterprise (“WFOE”), to act as a long term exclusive partner of the domestically registered company in China. WFOEs are limited liability companies established under the Chinese Company Law, the shareholders of which are permitted to be 100% foreign. As the long term exclusive partner of the domestically registered company in China, the respective WFOE provides technical and logistical support for the day to day operations of the domestically registered company in China, including sales and marketing, billing, and administrative services. To facilitate the delivery of the technical and logistical support, the WFOE owns the physical assets, including servers, switches and computers, and employs the technical, sales and administrative personnel necessary to deliver these services. In exchange for such services, the WFOE charges the domestically registered company in China a fee which ranges from 49% to 90% of the gross revenue of the domestically registered company. For a further description of the corporate structure in China for our China.com subsidiary, see Item 4.C “Information on the Company – Organizational Structure – Corporate Structure in China for our China.com Subsidiary”.
If any of our domestically registered companies in China incurs debt in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions. In addition, Chinese law requires that payment of dividends by our domestically registered companies in China can only be made out of their net income, if any, determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. Under Chinese law, those domestically registered companies are also required to set aside a portion, up to 10% of their after-tax net income each year to fund certain reserve funds, and these reserves are not distributable as dividends. Any limitation on the payment of dividends or service fees by domestically registered companies in China through which China.com primarily conducts its operations could have a material adverse effect on our ability to grow, fund investments, and otherwise operate our mobile services and applications business.
The Chinese government or the applicable mobile network operators may prevent us from distributing, and we may be subject to liability for, content that any of them believe is inappropriate.
China has enacted regulations governing telecommunication service providers, Internet access and the distribution of news and other information. In the past, the Chinese government has stopped the distribution of information over the Internet that it believes to violate Chinese law, including content that is pornographic or obscene, incites violence, endangers national security, is contrary to the national interest or is defamatory.
China Unicom and China Mobile also have their own policies regarding the distribution of inappropriate content by wireless value-added service providers and have recently punished certain providers for distributing inappropriate content, including the imposition of fines and service suspensions. Some of those providers indicated that the mobile operators informed them that certain of their content was construed as too adult-oriented or sexually suggestive. In addition, in June 2004, along with other participants in our industry, we received information and guidance from China Mobile and China Unicom regarding what they consider to be inappropriate content for mobile value-added services. In response, we reviewed our services and removed certain content, including picture downloads, in order to comply with such information and guidance. There can be no assurance that we will not receive future guidance that could compel us to further alter our services.
The appropriateness or inappropriateness of mobile services and applications content on platforms like MMS, WAP and IVR, is a new and emerging concept in China. The industry is in its infancy and the first publicly announced application of penalties for inappropriate content occurred in the second and third quarters of 2004. Most importantly, the determination that content is deemed to be inappropriate is inherently subjective, and is subject to the interpretation of the governmental authorities and mobile network operators in China. Their standards are generally more restrictive than those applied in other countries like the United States. Accordingly, while we intend to comply with all applicable rules regarding mobile content, it is very difficult for us to assess whether we offer particular content that could be construed by the mobile network operators as inappropriate under current regulations in China. Any penalties imposed on us by the mobile network operators for the content of our services could result in a material and adverse effect on our revenue, profitability and reputation.
If we are held liable for claims based on information originating from our portal network or communicated through our mobile applications, we may incur significant costs contesting such claims or paying damages.
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We may face liability for defamation, negligence, copyright, patent or trademark infringement and other claims based on the nature and content of information originating from our portal network or communicated through our mobile services and applications, including our SMS, MMS, WAP and IVR products. Such information could include content and material posted by our registered community members on our message boards, online communities, voting systems, e-mail or chat rooms. By providing technology for hypertext links to third-party websites, we may be held liable for copyright or trademark violations by those third-party sites. Third parties could assert claims against us for losses incurred in reliance on erroneous information distributed by us. Users of our web-based e-mail or SMS, MMS, WAP or IVR products could seek damages for:
| • | | unsolicited e-mail or messages; |
| • | | lost or misplaced messages; |
| • | | illegal or fraudulent use of e-mail or SMS messages; or |
| • | | interruptions or delays in service. |
We do not carry liability insurance to cover potential claims of this type. We may incur significant costs in investigating and contesting these claims. Any judgment, fine, damage awards or liability imposed on us could significantly increase our costs. Moreover, our reputation may suffer as a result of these claims, which could reduce traffic on our portal network or reduce our revenues.
If the Chinese government considers our existing licensing structures to be insufficient in meeting compliance requirements with applicable licensing restrictions, or if we fail to comply with changes to these requirements or restrictions, our portal and mobile services and applications businesses could be materially adversely affected.
The Chinese government regulates access to the Internet by imposing strict licensing requirements on Internet service providers, or ISPs. Generally, the provision of different types of infrastructure telecommunication services and value-added telecommunication services is subject to different licensing regimes in China.
While we believe that our current operation complies with all existing laws, rules and regulations in China, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation of current Internet laws and regulations. It is possible the Chinese government may take a view contrary to ours because there are no well established precedents or clear judicial interpretations to support our interpretations and views of the laws, rules and regulations. Issues, risks and uncertainties relating to government regulation of China’s Internet sector include:
| • | | regulations applying to Internet-related services and telecom-related activities. While many aspects of these regulations remain unclear, they purport to limit and require licensing of various aspects of the provision of Internet information services. If these regulations are interpreted to preclude our current ownership structure or business model, our portal and mobile services and applications businesses could be severely impaired; and |
| • | | the activities of ICPs are subject to regulation by various government authorities in China depending on the specific activities conducted by the ICP as stated by the Ministry of Information and Industry. Various government authorities have enacted several laws and regulations that govern these activities. The areas of regulation include: |
| • | | online securities trading; |
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| • | | bulletin board service; and |
| • | | the provision of industry-specific information (e.g., pharmaceutical products) over the Internet, etc. |
Other aspects of our online operations may be subject to regulation in the future.
In addition to the regulations promulgated by the Chinese national government, some local governments, such as the Beijing local government, have also promulgated local rules applicable to Internet companies operating within their respective jurisdictions. These local rules may also create additional barriers in relation to the operation of our business.
Our portal business depends substantially on third party content providers and may be adversely affected if we are unable to maintain existing arrangements with these content providers.
We rely on third parties to create traffic and provide content for our portal network to make it more attractive to advertisers and consumers. Our content providers include Xinhua, a major shareholder of CDC, as well as commercial content providers and our registered community members. If Xinhua or these third parties fail to provide us with high quality content, our portal network could lose viewers, subscribers and advertisers and our revenue from these sources would decrease. Our existing relationships with Xinhua and other commercial content providers are not exclusive and may not result in sustained business partnerships or successful service offerings or sustained traffic on our portal network or future revenues. Our purchases of content from Xinhua have not been material in the past.
Regulation of content distributed on the Internet in the PRC may adversely affect our business.
The PRC has enacted regulations governing Internet access and the distribution of news and other information. The Ministry of Information and Industry has published implementing regulations that subject online information providers to potential liability for content included on their portals and the actions of subscribers and others using their systems, including liability for violation of laws prohibiting the distribution of content deemed to be socially destabilizing. Because many laws, regulations and legal requirements with regard to the Internet in the PRC are relatively new and untested, their interpretation and enforcement of what is deemed to be socially destabilizing by Chinese authorities may involve significant uncertainty.
Under the regulations on telecommunications and Internet information services in China, Internet information service providers are prohibited from producing, duplicating, releasing or distributing any information which falls within one or more of the nine stipulated categories of “undesirable content”. These categories cover any information which:
| • | | contravenes the basic principles enshrined in the PRC Constitution; |
| • | | endangers the security or unity of the State; |
| • | | undermines the State’s religious policies; |
| • | | undermines public order or social stability; or |
| • | | contains obscene, pornographic, violent or other illegal content or information otherwise prohibited by law. |
In addition, the legal system in the PRC is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which decided legal cases have little precedential value. As a result, it is difficult to determine the type of content that may result in liability. We cannot predict the effect of further developments in the Chinese legal system, particularly with regard to the Internet and the dissemination of news content, including the creation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the pre-emption of local rules and regulations by national laws.
Violations or perceived violations of laws in China arising from information displayed, retrieved from or linked to our portals could result in significant penalties, including a temporary or permanent cessation of our business in China. The
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Chinese government agencies have announced restrictions on the transmission of state secrets through the Internet. State secrets have been broadly interpreted by Chinese governmental authorities in the past. We may be liable under these pronouncements for content and materials posted or transmitted by users on our message boards, virtual communities, chat rooms or e-mails. If the Chinese government were to take any action to limit or eliminate the distribution of information through our portal network or to limit or regulate any current or future applications available to users on our portal network, this action could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Relating to our Intellectual Property, Personnel and Network
We may be unable to protect or enforce our own intellectual property rights adequately and may be involved in future litigation over our use of technology rights.
We have acquired and are increasingly developing our own intellectual property. Recent acquisitions of a significant amount of intellectual property have resulted from the following:
| • | | the recent purchase of Ross, which possesses intellectual property principally consisting of ERP and SCM software applications for the food and beverage, life sciences, chemicals, metals and natural products industries; |
| • | | the recent purchase of Pivotal, which possesses intellectual property principally consisting of a complete set of highly flexible CRM software applications; |
| • | | the purchase of IMI, which possesses intellectual property principally consisting of order management software solutions for complex retail, wholesale, consumer goods, and distribution operations; |
| • | | the purchase of OpusOne Technologies, which possesses intellectual property principally consisting of proprietary enterprise software related applications for use in human resources, payroll administration and attendance tracking; |
| • | | the purchase of Executive Suite, which possesses intellectual property principally consisting of business intelligence and analytics software products; |
| • | | the purchase of the assets of JRG Software, which possesses intellectual property principally consisting of on-demand supply chain solutions for planning and scheduling, delivered as Software as a Service (SaaS); and |
| • | | the purchase of the URLs, including www.china.com and www.hongkong.com. |
We regard the protection of our trademarks, service marks, copyrights, trade secrets, domain names, and other intellectual property rights as crucial to our success. We rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and other similar measures to protect our proprietary information and technology. We do not currently hold any patents nor do we have any patent applications pending. There can be no assurance that any copyrights or trademarks held by us will not be challenged or determined to be invalid. In addition to the protection generally available to unregistered trademarks under the laws of many jurisdictions, we also protect our trademarks through registration primarily in the United States and Canada, although we do seek such protection elsewhere in selected key markets.
As part of our confidentiality procedures, we have policies of entering into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, corporate alliance members, customers and prospective customers. We also enter into license agreements with respect to our technology, documentation and other proprietary information. These licenses are nonexclusive and generally perpetual. We provide for source code escrow arrangements under some of our license agreements. Despite the efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain the use of our products or technology that we consider proprietary and third parties may attempt to develop similar technology independently.
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Protection may not be available in every country in which our intellectual property and technology is used. Some countries, such as the People’s Republic of China, may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as in the United States and Canada. In particular, software piracy has been an issue in China for many software publishers, although we believe the complexity of our software products and the need to customize, maintain and upgrade such products mitigates the risk of software piracy. We also anticipate that companies that develop software applications will be subject to infringement claims as the number of products and competitors in our industry segment grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps. As a result, we may become involved in these claims. Furthermore, we must also protect our trademarks, service marks, copyrights, trade secrets, domain names, and other intellectual property rights in an increasing number of jurisdictions, a process that is expensive and difficult, and may not be successful in every location. Policing the unauthorized use of our licensed technology is difficult as are the steps necessary to prevent the misappropriation or infringement of our licensed technology. In addition, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Any of these claims, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation, divert our management’s time, attention and resources, delay our product shipments or require us to enter into royalty or license agreements. If a claim of product infringement against us is successful, our business and operating results could be seriously harmed. There can be no assurance that protection of our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology.
Most of our products do not contain license management functionality, or contain only limited license management functionality. Because some of our license agreements are for named-user licenses in which only a certain limited number of named individuals are permitted to use the software for which the license is granted, if our customers do not accurately report the number of users using our products or we cannot accurately track the number of users of our products at a customer site, we face the potential of lost revenues if the customer has a greater number of users than for which they have purchased licenses. License agreement provisions, such as requesting customers to perform annual self audits of the number of users at a customer site, provide only limited protection and are retrospective.
We currently sub-license and distribute the intellectual property and technology of third parties. As we continue to develop intellectual property and introduce new products and services that require new technology, we anticipate that we may need to obtain licenses for additional third party technology. We cannot provide assurance that these existing and additional technology licenses will be or will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, it is possible that in the course of using new technology, we or our agents acting on our behalf may inadvertently breach the technology rights of third parties and face liability for our breach. Our inability to obtain these technology licenses or avoid breaching third party technology rights could require us to obtain substitute technologies of lower quality or performance standards or at greater cost which could delay or compromise the introduction of new products and services, and could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
We are subject to possible infringement claims, which could be time consuming and costly to defend, divert management’s attention and resources or cause product shipment delays.
We expect that software product developers will increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of products and competitors in our various industry segments grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time consuming and costly to defend, divert management’s attention and resources, cause product shipment delays or require us or our subsidiaries to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and may require the payment of substantial amounts of money. In the event of a successful product infringement claim against us or our failure or inability to license the infringed or similar technology, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We are exposed to product liability claims, which could be time consuming and costly to defend, divert management’s attention and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our enterprise software license agreements with our customers typically contain provisions designed to limit exposure to potential product liability claims. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time consuming and costly to defend and divert management’s attention and resources. Some of our subsidiaries carry insurance to protect against certain of these claims. It is possible, however, that the limitation of liability provisions contained in our license agreements may not be effective as a result of U.S. or foreign laws or ordinances enacted in the future or because of judicial decisions,
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and that liability insurance may not be available, or that coverage for specific claims may be denied. Although we have not experienced any material product liability claims to date, our sale and support of products may entail the risk of such claims. A successful product liability claim brought against us could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
We rely on key personnel. In the event we lose the services of key employees, it may be costly and time consuming for us to locate other personnel with the required skills and experience.
Our success depends on the continued efforts of our board members, our senior management and our technical, research and development, services and support, marketing and sales personnel. These persons may terminate their association or employment with us, or they may be terminated by us, at any time. During 2004 and 2005, we experienced changes in our senior management and the senior management at our subsidiary companies for a variety of reasons, including restructuring, medical reasons, retirement, and resignations to pursue other career opportunities. Loss of the services of key members of senior management or experienced personnel in our key revenue producing businesses can be disruptive and causes uncertainty. Until March 2004, we had split the role of chairman and chief executive officer between Dr. Raymond Ch’ien and Mr. Peter Yip, respectively. From April 2004 to August 2005 both positions were undertaken by Dr. Ch’ien, from August 2005 to April 2006 Mr. Steven Chan was acting chief executive officer and since April 2006 Mr. Peter Yip has again undertaken the position as chief executive officer. An inability to attract or retain additional qualified board members, senior managers or personnel in a timely manner, or health, family or other personal problems of key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and share price.
The process of hiring employees with the combination of skills and attributes required to implement our business strategy can be extremely competitive and time-consuming. We compete for a limited number of qualified individuals with more established companies with greater resources that may offer more attractive compensation or employment conditions. As a result, we may be unable to retain or integrate existing personnel or identify and hire additional qualified personnel. Furthermore, our success depends upon our ability to retain or replace the members, particularly the independent members, of our board of directors.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with some of our directors and officers which generally do not explicitly state our maximum obligation under these agreements. If we were to incur a loss in connection with these arrangements, it could affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
In order to attract the service of some of our directors and officers, we have entered into indemnification agreements with some of our directors and officers that may require us to indemnify such directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, and to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any legal proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. Generally, the maximum obligation under such indemnifications is not explicitly stated and, as a result, the overall amount of these obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. If we were to incur a loss in connection with these arrangements, it could affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
We have relied on stock options to compensate our employees. In the event employees do not consider their options as valuable compensation, we may need to provide additional compensation at additional expense.
We have granted stock options to many of our employees in lieu of additional salary. Some of our employees may not consider their options to be valuable compensation, and we may need to provide additional compensation, in the form of additional salary, bonuses or equity, in an effort to retain those existing employees. Our inability to retain our employees, particularly our senior officers, and key sales, technical, research and development, services, marketing and other service personnel in our key revenue producing businesses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and share price.
Our computer networks are vulnerable to hacking, viruses, spamming and other disruptions which may cause us to lose key clients, expose us to liability for our clients’ losses, or prevent us from securing future business.
Inappropriate use of our Internet services or errors or omissions in processing instructions or data available in our computer system or databases could jeopardize the security of confidential information stored in our computer system, which may cause us to lose key clients, expose us to liability for our clients’ losses and prevent us from securing future business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and share price.
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Inappropriate use of the Internet includes attempting to gain unauthorized access to information or systems (commonly known as cracking or hacking) and repeated transmission of unsolicited e-mail messages (commonly known as e-mail bombing or spamming). Our current policies, procedures and configurations for managing our systems, including our computer servers, may not be adequate to protect our facilities and the integrity of our user and customer information. Although we implement security measures to protect our facilities and the integrity of our user and customer information, such measures could be ineffective or circumvented.
Alleviating problems caused by computer viruses or other inappropriate uses or security breaches may require interruptions, delays or cessation in our services, in addition to the outages that occur in our systems from time to time for various reasons, including power interruptions, errors in instructions, equipment inadequacy, capacity and other technical problems. We do not carry errors and omissions or other insurance covering losses or liabilities caused by computer viruses, security breaches or spamming attacks. Compromises or breaches in the security or integrity of our facilities or customer or user information, or inappropriate use of our Internet services, could subject us to litigation and could adversely affect our customer base, business, share price, results of operation and financial condition.
We rely on software and hardware systems that are susceptible to failure, and in the event of service operations or other related problems, our operating efficiency and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Any system failure or inadequacy that interrupts our services or increases the response time of our services could reduce user satisfaction, future traffic and our attractiveness to advertisers and consumers. We also depend on Internet service providers and other Web site operators in Greater China and elsewhere that have experienced significant system failures and electrical outages in the past. Our users have experienced difficulties due to system failures that were unrelated to our systems and services. There can be no assurance that our technologies, services and products will not experience interruptions or other related problems, which could affect our operating efficiency and results of operations.
We have limited backup systems and redundancy. We do not have a disaster recovery plan in the event of damage from fire, natural disasters, power loss, telecommunications failures, break-ins and similar events. We may experience a complete system shut-down if any of these events were to occur. To improve performance and to prevent disruption of our services, we may have to make substantial investments to deploy additional servers or one or more copies of our Web sites to mirror our online resources. Because we carry property insurance with low coverage limits, our coverage may not be adequate to compensate us for our losses. If we do not increase our capacity and our redundancy, these constraints could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Political, Economic and Regulatory Risks
There are economic risks associated with doing business in the People’s Republic of China which could adversely affect our business.
A significant part of our current revenues are, and a significant part of our future revenues are expected to be, derived from the market in the PRC. The economy in the PRC differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including:
| • | | amount of government involvement; |
| • | | control of foreign exchange; and |
| • | | allocation of resources. |
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While the economy in the PRC has experienced significant growth in the past twenty years, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us.
The economy in the PRC has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. Although in recent years the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of sound corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. It also exercises significant control over economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
A change in currency exchange rates could increase our costs relative to our revenues thereby potentially adversely affecting our financial condition, results of operations and increasing market risk.
Substantially all of our revenues, expenses and liabilities are denominated in either Australian dollars, British pounds, Canadian dollars, Euros, Hong Kong dollars, renminbi, Singapore dollars, South Korean won, Swedish Kronas, or U.S. dollars. However, our quarterly and annual financial results are reported in U.S. dollars. In the future, we may also conduct business in additional foreign countries and generate revenues, expenses and liabilities in other foreign currencies. As a result, we are subject to the effects of exchange rate fluctuations with respect to any of these currencies and the related interest rate fluctuations. We have not entered into agreements or purchase instruments to hedge our exchange rate risks although we may do so in the future.
Increased Sino-U.S. political tension may make our company less attractive to investors and clients.
The relationship between the U.S. and the PRC is subject to sudden fluctuation and periodic tension. For example, relations may be compromised if the U.S. becomes a more vocal advocate of Taiwan. Any weakening of relations between the U.S. and China could have a material adverse effect on our business. Anti-U.S. or anti-China sentiment could make our company and our shares less attractive since we are listed in the United States. Changes in political conditions in China and changes in the state of Sino-U.S. relations are difficult to predict and could adversely affect our operations or cause the Greater China market to become less attractive to investors and clients.
Hostilities involving the United States and/or terrorist attacks could harm our business.
Our operations could be negatively impacted if there are additional terrorist attacks or threats of terrorist attacks, or if hostilities involving the United States escalate. In the past, terrorist attacks, including attacks on the United States and internationally, have had a significant impact on global economic conditions and our operations. Further, as a result of past terrorist attacks and hostilities involving the United States, we believe many of our customers and potential customers have been much more cautious in setting and spending against their capital expenditure budgets. Subsequent terrorist acts and/or the threat of future terrorist attacks or escalation of hostilities involving the United States or other countries could adversely affect the growth rate of our revenue and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, any escalation in these events or similar future events may disrupt our operations or those of our customers, distributors and suppliers, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Relating to Treasury Management
Our entry into banking facilities with Fortis Bank and Standard Chartered Bank exposes us to interest rate, market and credit risks when we borrow funds from these facilities to make other investments.
We have entered into repurchase facilities with Fortis Bank and a collateralized credit facility with Standard Chartered Bank. We refer to these facilities together as the banking facilities. The banking facilities allow us to borrow, in
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aggregate, up to $350 million on such terms as we and the banks may mutually agree. The facilities were established to provide us with a source of reasonably priced capital to give us the flexibility to finance operational working capital and acquisitions, as well as our treasury management program, without having to liquidate our investment portfolio at short notice. A description of the terms under which we may borrow under these banking facilities may be found under Item 5.B – “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Future Cash Requirements and Sources of Liquidity – Lines of Credit.” These banking facilities expose us to interest rate, market and credit risks when we borrow funds from these facilities to make other investments. A more detailed description of these risks may be found under Item 11 – “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”.
Further, because we have purchased, as of December 31, 2005, approximately $32.2 million of debt securities with drawdowns under our repurchase facilities, we are subject to risk associated with investment leverage. Since the base rate of our drawdowns are reset periodically, in rising interest rate environments, we run the risk that our borrowing rate might exceed any interest income that we receive from the debt securities purchased with the proceeds of draw downs from the repurchase facilities. Any such negative interest rate differential, or “negative carry”, could lead to material adverse effect on our financial results.
Risks Relating to our Class A Common Shares
Our share price could be adversely affected if our major strategic shareholders materially change their holdings in our shares, particularly if the share holdings are not disposed of in an orderly manner.
As of March 31, 2006, Xinhua, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, owned 7,362,734 of our common shares, or approximately 6.6% of our total outstanding share capital. As of March 31, 2006, Asia Pacific Online Limited, or (“APOL”), owned 19,318,444 of our common shares, or approximately 17.3% of our total outstanding share capital. APOL is owned by the spouse of Mr. Peter Yip, CDC’s current chief executive officer and a Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, and by a trust established for the benefit of Mr. Yip’s children. There is no guarantee that Xinhua or APOL will continue to hold our shares going forward for any length of time. If Xinhua or APOL disposes, or if our investors expect Xinhua or APOL to dispose of, a substantial portion of its holdings in CDC at any time, it could adversely affect our share price. For more information regarding the shareholdings of Xinhua and APOL, see Item 7.A – “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions – Major Shareholders”.
A small group of our existing shareholders controls a significant percentage of our common shares, and their interests may differ from other shareholders.
As of March 31, 2006, APOL has beneficial ownership of approximately 17.3% of our common shares and Xinhua, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, owned approximately 6.6% of our total outstanding share capital. Accordingly, these shareholders, particularly if they act together, will have significant influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to shareholders for approval, including:
| • | | mergers, consolidations and other business combinations which under the law of the Cayman Islands requires the approval of at least 75% of the shares voting at the meeting; |
| • | | election or non-election of directors which under the law of the Cayman Islands requires the approval of a simple majority of the shares voting at the meeting; |
| • | | removal of directors which under the law of the Cayman Islands requires the approval of at least 662/3% of the shares voting at the meeting; and |
| • | | amendments to CDC’s memorandum and articles of association which under the laws of the Cayman Islands requires the approval of at least 662/3% of the shares voting at the meeting. |
As a result, these shareholders, if they act together, may be able to effectively prevent a merger, consolidation or other business combination, elect or not elect directors, prevent removal of a director and prevent amendments to our memorandum and articles of association.
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For more information regarding the shareholdings of Xinhua and APOL, see Item 7.A – “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions – Major Shareholders”.
Our share price has been, and may continue to be, extremely volatile, which may not be attractive to investors.
The trading price of our common shares has been, and is likely to continue to be, extremely volatile. During the period from July 12, 1999, the date we completed our initial public offering, or IPO, to December 31, 2002, the closing price of our shares ranged from $1.86 to $73.4375, adjusted for our two stock splits. From January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2004, the closing price of our shares ranged from a low of $2.73 per share on March 11, 2003 to a high of $14.46 per share on July 14, 2003. On May 24, 2005, our shares closed at new 52-week low of $2.38 per share. There is no assurance that our share price will not fall below its historic or yearly low.
The trading price of our Class A common shares is subject to significant volatility in response to, among other factors:
| • | | investor perceptions of our business, the market performance of our peer companies in the enterprise software businesses, mobile services and applications business, business services, Greater China portal and advertising and marketing activities business in general; |
| • | | our significant acquisitions, partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
| • | | trends and developments in all the markets in which we compete; |
| • | | variations in our operating results; |
| • | | our new product or service offerings; |
| • | | changes in our financial estimates by financial or industry analysts; |
| • | | technological innovations; |
| • | | changes in pricing made by us, our competitors or providers of alternative services; |
| • | | the depth and liquidity of the market for our shares; and |
| • | | general economic and other factors. |
In addition, the trading price of our common shares has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance. Broad market, political and industry factors may also decrease the price of our common shares, regardless of our operating performance. Securities class-action litigation and regulatory investigations often have been instituted against companies following steep declines in the market price of their securities.
We are a “foreign private issuer”, and have disclosure obligations different from those of other U.S. domestic reporting companies.
We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, obtain relief from certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the Securities and Exchange Commission. For example, we are not required to issue quarterly reports or proxy statements. We are allowed six months to issue annual reports instead of three, and we are not required to disclose executive compensation reports that are as detailed as U.S. domestic issuers. Our directors and officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, although we do file reports under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, if and when applicable. As a foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors, although we are still subject to the
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antifraud and antimanipulation rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such as Rule 10b-5. In general, because various of the disclosure obligations on us as a foreign private issuer are less stringent than those required by other U.S. domestic reporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive an equivalent amount of disclosure from us as from other U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are however, in general, liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission which do apply to us as a foreign private issuer, any of which violations could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may incur significant costs to avoid being considered an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
We may incur significant costs and management time to avoid investment company status under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Based upon an analysis of our assets at December 31, 2005 and income for the year 2005, during 2005, we do not believe we will be considered an investment company. The determination of whether we will be an investment company will be based primarily upon the composition and value of our assets, which are subject to change, particularly when market conditions are volatile. As a result, we could inadvertently become an investment company.
We can give no assurances in the future as to our investment company status under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
We are classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, which will subject our U.S. investors to adverse tax rules.
Based upon an analysis of our assets as at December 31, 2005 and income for the year 2005, during 2005, we were a PFIC for the U.S. federal income tax purposes.We have substantial passive assets in the form of cash and cash equivalents and treasury instruments, and can provide no assurance that we will not continue to be classified as a PFIC in 2006 and beyond. The determination of whether we would continue to be a PFIC would be principally based upon:
| • | | the composition of our assets, including goodwill, the amount of which will depend, in part, on our total net assets and the market value of our Treasury portfolio, which is subject to change; and |
| • | | the amount and nature of our income from time to time. |
We have limited control over these variables. To the extent we do have control over these variables, we may take steps to reduce the material and adverse effect that our PFIC classification may have on our share price.
Further, we may consider additional capital markets or corporate finance transactions in the future. Should we proceed with such offerings, we cannot, at this stage, specify with certainty the timing, amounts or the particular uses of the net proceeds. Depending on the usage of any such net proceeds, we could continue to be classified as a PFIC.
Since we are a PFIC, U.S. investors will be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. For further discussion regarding our status as a PFIC, see Item 10.E – “Additional Information – Taxation – Tax Consequences of U.S. Holders – Passive Foreign Investment Company Status”. U.S. investors are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to their particular circumstances.
Substantial amounts of our common shares are eligible for future sale, which could adversely affect the market price of our shares.
Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price for our shares. As of March 31, 2006, we had 111,655,585 Class A common shares issued and outstanding, substantially all of which may be sold pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or an applicable exemption from registration thereunder, including Rule 144, which permits resales of securities subject to limitations (including trading volume) depending on the holding period of such securities.
In addition, as we continue to issue and register shares to fulfill our contractual and acquisition-related obligations, and as our employees and other grantees have been or are granted additional options to purchase our shares, additional shares will be available-for-sale in the public market. We have also granted options to certain of our shareholders, directors
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and officers to purchase our shares, the vesting of which options may be accelerated upon an occurrence of a change-of-control event. As a result, additional shares may be available-for-sale in the public market. The availability or perceived availability of additional shares could have a dilutive and negative impact on the market price of our shares.
In the future, we also may issue additional shares, convertible notes or warrants to purchase our shares, in connection with acquisitions and our efforts to expand our business. Shareholders could face further dilution from any future share issuances.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents may adversely affect the rights of holders of our common shares
Our memorandum and articles of association include provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire control of CDC, modify our structure or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of CDC in a tender offer or similar transaction.
For example, our board of directors is divided into three classes, each having a term of three years, with the term of one class expiring each year. This provision would delay the replacement of a majority of our directors and would make changes to the board of directors more difficult than if such provision was not in place. In addition, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our Class A common shares. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors issues preferred shares, the price of our Class A common shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our Class A common shares may be adversely affected.
Our shareholders may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, by the Companies Law and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law in the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands and from English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority but are not binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. Cayman Islands law in this area may conflict with jurisdictions in the United States. As a result, our public shareholders may face more difficulties in protecting their interests in the face of actions against the management, directors or our controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States. For instance a class action lawsuit may not be available to our shareholders as a vehicle for litigating securities matters against us in the Cayman Islands. In addition, shareholder derivative actions may generally not be brought by a minority shareholder in the Cayman Islands.
If you are not a registered shareholder and do not hold greater than 10,000 shares, you may not receive our proxy materials or other corporate communications.
CDC is a Cayman Islands company and as such, we only need to distribute our proxy materials to our registered shareholders. Our proxy materials are delivered to all of our registered shareholders. We offer electronic delivery of proxy materials to our registered shareholders, and we mail proxy materials to each registered owner who has not opted to receive materials electronically. You are a registered shareholder if you have an account with our transfer agent, The Bank of New York, and if you hold a stock certificate evidencing your ownership of our common shares. You are a beneficial shareholder if a brokerage firm, bank trustee or other agent holds your common shares. However, your name would not appear anywhere on our records, but rather the name of the broker, bank or other nominee appears on our records as retained by our transfer agent, The Bank of New York. Although we only need to distribute our proxy materials to registered shareholders under Cayman Islands law, we also distribute proxy materials to beneficial shareholders who hold greater than 10,000 of our shares. In an effort to maintain cost effectiveness, we have, and will continue to, mail the proxy materials to those beneficial shareholders who hold greater than 10,000 of our shares. If you are not a registered shareholder and do not hold greater than 10,000 of our shares, you may not receive our proxy materials or other corporate communications. Therefore, if you are a
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beneficial shareholder and want to ensure that you do receive proxy materials, you are urged to become a registered owner. If you have questions on how to do so, we encourage you to contact your broker or bank to find out how to do so and you may also contact us.
There is uncertainty as to our shareholders’ ability to enforce civil liabilities in Australia, the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, the PRC and Sweden.
We are a Cayman Islands company and a substantial majority of our assets are located outside the United States. A substantial portion of our current operations is conducted outside the United States in countries such as Australia, Hong Kong, the PRC and Sweden. In addition, a majority of our directors and officers are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States. All or a substantial portion of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of Australia, the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, the PRC, Sweden and other jurisdictions would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof, or be competent to hear original actions brought in Australia, the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, the PRC, Sweden, or other jurisdictions against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any of its states.
ITEM 4. | INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY |
A. | History and Development of the Company |
Our headquarters and principal executive offices are located at Suite I, 5/F, Building A, East Gate Plaza, 9 Dongzhong Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100027, People’s Republic of China, and our telephone number is 011-8610-5129-8700. Our contact telephone number in Hong Kong is (852) 2893-8200 and in the United States is (212) 661-2160. We have a website that you may access at http://www.cdccorporation.net. Information contained on our website does not constitute part of this Annual Report.
We were incorporated in June 1997 as China Information Infrastructure Limited, a company limited by shares under the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands and a wholly-owned subsidiary of CIC Holding Limited (“CIC,”) to operate CIC’s Internet portal and related businesses.
In June 1999, CIC distributed its entire interest in our predecessor company to CIC’s shareholders. Upon completion of that transaction, CIC ceased to have any ownership interest in our predecessor company. APOL and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xinhua provided rights of first refusal to buy the other party’s shares in us in the event either party sought to dispose of its shareholdings. Additionally, APOL received rights to place shares of us owned by the Xinhua subsidiary to prospective buyers on behalf of the Xinhua subsidiary in exchange for a commission.
In July 1999, we completed our IPO of the equivalent of 19,320,000 Class A common shares on NASDAQ at the equivalent of a public offering price of $5.00 per share on a stock split adjusted basis. All of the shares registered were sold and net proceeds from the IPO totaled $85.6 million.
In December 1999, our shareholders approved a two-for-one share split.
In January 2000, we completed a second public offering of the equivalent of 9,952,884 Class A common shares on NASDAQ at the equivalent of a public offering price equal to $42.50 per share on a stock split adjusted basis. Of the 9,952,884 Class A common shares sold, 2,325,000 shares were offered by certain of our shareholders. The selling shareholders received an aggregate of $94.1 million in net proceeds for their shares. All of the shares registered were sold and net proceeds to us from the offering totaled $303.9 million.
In March 2000, we listed our subsidiary, hongkong.com Corporation (which has since been renamed to China.com Inc.), on the Growth Enterprise Market (“GEM”), of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange by selling approximately 16% of such subsidiary to the public. We received net proceeds of approximately $168.5 million in connection with such listing and sale. We currently continue to own approximately 77% of China.com Inc.
In April 2000, our shareholders approved a second two-for-one share split.
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In addition, in April 2000, our shareholders approved the change of our company name to chinadotcom corporation. In April 2005, our shareholders approved a second change of our company name from chinadotcom corporation to CDC Corporation. Concurrently, in April 2005, the shareholders of hongkong.com Corporation approved a change of its name from hongkong.com Corporation to China.com Inc.
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Our business model has evolved away from a pan-Asian Internet company, and our goal is to be a global company focused on enterprise software, through our CDC Software business unit, and on mobile applications and online games through our China.com Inc. business unit. The evolution of our business model has been achieved in large part through strategic acquisitions and investments during the past three fiscal years. We have spent a significant amount of cash and have issued a significant amount in CDC shares in connection with the strategic acquisitions and investments mentioned below for each of the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
The following is a summary of our material strategic acquisitions and investments completed since January 1, 2003 by business unit:
CDC Software
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Acquisition or Investment | | Date | | Description |
Praxa Limited | | February 2003 | | Praxa is an IT professional services organization in Australia which provides IT consulting services, outsourced applications development, systems integration services and managed IT services to corporate and government market clients. |
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Industri-Matematik International Corp. | | September 2003 | | IMI is an international provider of software to the supply chain management sector principally across Europe and the United States. We acquired a 51% interest in IMI through a joint venture. |
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Ascent Computing Group, Inc | | September 2003 | | Ascent Computing Group, based in the metropolitan New York region, provides applications and system outsourcing services, and was acquired through our 51% owned subsidiary, Software Galeria, Inc. |
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Acquired rights to Executive Suite software | | October 2003 | | Executive Suite is an integrated financial management application based on Microsoft technology which offers budgeting, planning, forecasting, consolidation, reporting and analysis functionality. We acquired the intellectual property rights to such software from CIP-Global ApS, a Danish software company. |
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Pivotal Corporation | | February 2004 | | Pivotal is an international customer relationship management (CRM) company that provides a suite of highly flexible CRM applications and implementation services for mid-sized enterprises and selected target industries. |
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Ross Systems, Inc. | | August 2004 | | Ross offers a family of Internet-architected software solutions that form a comprehensive, modular suite spanning the enterprise, from manufacturing, financials and supply chain management to customer relationship management (powered by Pivotal software), performance management and regulatory compliance. It focuses on the food and beverage, life sciences, chemicals, metals and natural products industries. |
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Acquired assets of JRG Software, Inc. | | February 2006 | | JRG is a leading provider of on-demand supply chain solutions for planning and scheduling, delivered as Software as a Service (SaaS). Our CDC Software business unit acquired the business assets of JRG including the One Plan applications which add complementary on-demand factory planning and scheduling to our enterprise suite of industry-leading enterprise resource planning. |
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Acquisition or Investment | | Date | | Description |
Acquired assets of Horizon Companies, Inc. | | February 2006 | | Horizon is an IT consulting business offering outsourced information technology professional services in the United States and Canada utilizing India-based resources who’s specialization in the financial services, life sciences and manufacturing industries is aligned to the industry-specific solutions from Pivotal and Ross Systems. We acquired the business assets of Horizon through our 51% owned subsidiary Software Galeria, Inc. |
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c360 Solutions, Inc. | | April 2006 | | c360 is a leading provider of add-on products, industry solutions and development tools for the Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform, which will allow us entry into CRM products for smaller scale businesses with zero complexity which complements our existing CRM product line for mid-market enterprises. |
China.com Inc
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Acquisition or investment | | Date | | Description |
Palmweb Inc. (holds Newpalm (China) Information Technology Co., Ltd.) | | April 2003 | | Newpalm is a mobile services and applications provider in China which was acquired through China.com. |
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Group Team Investments Limited (holds Beijing He He Technology Co. Ltd.) | | May 2004 | | Beijing He He Technology Co. Ltd., which operates Go2joy, is a mobile value-added services and applications provider in China with partnerships with media companies in China. |
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Equity Pacific Limited (holds Beijing 17Game Network Technology Co., Ltd.) | | August 2004, November 2004, August 2005 and March 2006 | | 17game is a leading massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) provider with a track record in launching and distributing online games in the China market. It’s latest game, Yulgang, was one of the fastest-growing MMORPGs in China in 2005. In March 2006, China.com became the indirect legal and beneficial owner of 100% of 17game. |
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Unitedcrest Investments Limited (holds Shenzhen KK Technology Ltd.) | | June 2005 | | Shenzhen KK Technology Ltd. is a mobile value-added services and applications provider in China which was acquired through China.com and which specializes in nation-wide WAP businesses. |
As our business model has evolved away from a pan-Asian Internet company, during the past three fiscal years we have ceased operations, liquidated or disposed of many of our legacy businesses mostly related to the Internet, many of which were not profitable. Such activities resulted in net loss from operations of discontinued operations of $0.05 million in 2005 compared to $0.6 million in 2004. We recorded a net loss on disposal/dissolution of such discontinued operations of $0.003 million in 2005 compared to $1.0 million in 2004.
CDC Corporation, with facilities in the PRC, North America, Europe and Australia, is a global provider of enterprise software, mobile services and applications and internet and media services. We report operating results in four business segments, “Software,” “Business Services,” “Mobile Services and Applications” and “Internet and Media”. During 2005 the Company reorganized these segments into two core business units, CDC Software and China.com Inc. The operations of Software and Business Services is included in the CDC Software business unit and the operations of Mobile Services and Applications and Internet and Media is included in the China.com Inc business unit.
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CDC Software Business Unit
Our CDC Software business unit is a global provider of enterprise software applications and related business services. Our products and services seek to help companies worldwide fulfill their business growth objectives through increased operational efficiencies, improved profitability, strengthened customer relationships and improved regulatory compliance. Our offerings are designed to automate, customize, optimize and support the processes of an organization to achieve company-wide integration of business and technical information across multiple divisions and organizational boundaries, such as finance, manufacturing, logistics, human resources, marketing, sales and customer service, by utilizing common databases and programs that share data real time across multiple business functions.
Our offerings are provided through two principal business segments:
| • | | Enterprise Software. Our enterprise software segment provides a diverse portfolio of enterprise application software products to our customers with a complete range of world-class applications targeting mid-sized enterprises and divisions of larger enterprises, as well as selected target industries. Our software suite includes Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”), Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”), Supply Chain Management (“SCM”), Order Management Systems (“OMS”), Human Resources and Payroll Management (“HRM”) and Business Intelligence (“BI”) which are utilized by approximately 4,000 customers worldwide (which does not include the addition of more than 1,000 customers added as a result of our acquisition of c360 Solutions in April 2006). |
| • | | Business Services. Our business services segment offers a variety of information technology services designed to allow customers to achieve either more value added services for their IT expenditures for the same cost or the same value added services for their IT expenditures for less cost. The services we offer cover the business optimizationspectrum from industry advisory services to business process improvement services to traditional implementation services to tuning/optimization services to outsourced hosting/application management services. |
The business services segment also includes other specialized business services we offer in regional markets, including eBusiness consulting and web development offered principally in the western United States, mobile user interface design consultancy and development services for the telecommunications industry in Korea, and marketing database and marketing support services conducted principally in Australia and New Zealand.
Products and Services
Software segment.Our enterprise software segment provides a diverse portfolio of enterprise application software products to our customers with a complete range of world-class applications targeting mid-sized enterprises and divisions of larger enterprises, as well as selected target industries. While most of our products are available as licensed applications installed at the customer’s facilities, some of our products are available as Software as a Service (SaaS) enabling the customer to use the applications as a subscription service. Over time, we intend to make more of our products available as Software as a Service (SaaS). In addition, the professional services operation of the enterprise software segment (which is distinct from the operations of our business services segment) provides a broad range of services to install, optimize and support the software products we offer.
Revenues from our software segment increased by approximately 48% to US$158.8 million in 2005 from US$107.6 million in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, revenues from our software segment constituted approximately 65% of total revenues in 2005 and 59% of total revenues in 2004.
Our enterprise application software products can be further sub-categorized into more highly specialized products which target various processes of an enterprise, including the following:
| • | | Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”). Our ERP products consist of multi-module application software that helps a manufacturer produce finished goods by offering control over forecasting, planning, customer service, handing of raw materials and deployment of equipment. The ERP products we offer are targeted at the formula and specifications-based requirements of process manufacturers. |
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| • | | Supply Chain Management (“SCM”).Our SCM products help coordinate processes involved in producing, shipping and distributing products to ensure that the correct amount of product is in the correct locations at the right time and at the lowest possible cost. |
| • | | Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”). Our CRM products address needs of an enterprise to establish and maintain profitable long-term business relationships with customers by integrating information from the entire enterprise and increasing efficiencies within the sales, marketing and service functions to create one unified business network connecting employees, partners and customers. |
| • | | Order Management Systems (“OMS”).Our OMS products provide a system that concentrates on optimizing the order and replenishment processes of order fulfillment and logistics by providing visibility into and control over a distribution center and store inventory, as well as managing orders from vendors, warehouses, stores, customers and consumers. |
| • | | Human Resource Management (“HRM”). Our HRM products focus on automating processes to enable an organization to improve business results and increase workforce performance by leveraging technology and applications to manage and mobilize a unified, global workforce. These HRM products seek to more efficiently connect people, processes and systems, and align workforce contribution with business objectives. |
| • | | Business Intelligence (“BI”). Our BI products help to convert large volumes of data collected and stored by businesses into meaningful and multi-dimensional reports and analyses for use in decision-making. Integrated with other components of enterprise application software, our BI products enhance the development of a business environment driven by performance management. |
ERP and SCM Software. Our ERP and SCM software products are principally offered by Ross ERP and Ross SCM brands. Historically these applications were offered under the iRenaissance brand.
The Ross ERP suite consists of three primary interconnected applications that help bring the manufacturing and distribution, maintenance management, and financial functions into balance so that the various departments in a formula and recipe-based process manufacturing enterprise can more easily share information, communicate with one another, and obtain operational efficiencies to lower costs, improve supplier and customer relations and increase revenues.
| • | | Manufacturing & Distribution Applications. The Manufacturing & Distribution Applications provide functionality which support the different processes in manufacturing from purchasing of raw materials to shipping of finished goods. The modules with the Manufacturing & Distribution Applications address inventory control, process manufacturing, sales order processing, transportation management, process planning, purchase order processing and management of maintenance and facilities. |
| • | | Inventory Control Module. With respect to inventory control, built in functionality includes lot details, lot traceability, movement history, inventory valuation and physical inventory counting which enables capabilities such as managing inventory based upon characteristics such as pH, moisture content, or potency, tracking shelf life and expiration dates, tracing all the changes in the product from the time raw material is received through manufacturing and storage, determining the quantity and location of any material or product, valuing inventory by options such as standard cost, weighted average cost or actual lot cost, and performing inventory re-ordering based upon minimum/maximum inventory values by item by warehouse. |
| • | | Data Collection. Ross Data Collection is a plant-level solution that pushes data from receiving, production, inventory, and shipping operations directly into the enterprise system of record. This results in real-time and accurate visibility into production, inventory and distribution, optimized resources, and improved customer responsiveness. By extending transactions to smart handheld devices, Ross Data Collection allows customers to simplify the process of capturing and viewing production and distribution data—while also improving the accuracy of the data flowing into the enterprise system. Automated data capture also reduces transaction time substantially, increasing plant-floor productivity. Typical benefits include reduced manual overhead and costs, greatly reduced data-entry errors, increased visibility and confidence in the accuracy of the information. |
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| • | | Process Manufacturing Module. The process manufacturing module defines the production process, calculates and tracks product and job costs, and records all of the activities necessary to manufacture products. This module enables the production of batches or lots based upon recipes and formulas which produce products with specified characteristics, such as potency or weight. With this module, users can define process steps and resources required to produce a product (such as weighing, mixing for a specified period of time, and packaging), define quality control requirements and testing for each stage of the product and process, perform potency calculations automatically based upon specified minimum and maximum values, define batch sizes in terms of quantity (such as pounds) or time (such as hours or shifts), maintain version controls of changes to existing recipes, authorize and record a production job, manage materials so that for example materials needed for a key customer or a critical job are not used for another purpose, record machine and labor time used in production for costing and efficiency calculations, record production outputs for products coming out of any stage in the process or going into inventory, and report yield measurements based upon the recipe’s material inputs and production outputs. |
| • | | Sales Order Processing Module. The sales order processing module includes functionality for sales order entry, shipping, invoicing, credit memos and sales analysis. To support these functions, users can create and maintain customer information and generate price, discount and promotion plans. Included with order entry and shipping are credit checking (such as checking against both credit limits and overdue debits and defining the consequences) and inventory availability, enabling reservations of and availability to promise inventory. For example, through this module a customer service representative could enter a customer name and retrieve information such as the customer’s address, functional currency and primary ship-to location. The representative could enter a product order and amount, and automatically receive the appropriate discount, tax and sales price which is adjusted based upon factors such as products the customer is buying, the amount the customer ordered, the location from which the order is placed and the warehouse the product will be shipped from. The specific lot that matches the customer’s specifications will automatically be selected, and packaged according to the customer’s requirements. If a modification is made to a sales order, all related information is updated automatically. |
| • | | Pricing and Promotions Management. Pricing & Promotions Management provides a discount and rebate management system for consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies. With Pricing & Promotions, companies can integrate complex discounting and rebate programs for their customers, reduce the time and effort needed for making off-line calculations, fixing customer invoices, and posting journal entries. Clients can also addresses both “off invoice” discounts and “post invoice” rebates or commissions. |
| • | | Transportation Management Module. The transportation management module works in conjunction with the sales order processing module for the planning and costing of freight for outbound shipments to customers and transfer orders to other warehouses in order to produce the most efficient shipping costs for the manufacturer and its customers. The module allows capabilities such as the definition of shipping zones and ship-from warehouses to customer addresses, the definition of routes to connect the various shipping zones and association of one or multiple freight providers to these routes, the establishment of freight rates for each freight provider by route with a choice of rate methods, the fixing of a load planning process after the entry of sales orders to assign outstanding sales order lines to loads and releasing of loads for picking and shipping, and at shipment confirmation, the determination of freight charges based upon factors such as the route, actual freight provider, and actual quantity shipped and vouchering of freight provider invoices. |
| • | | Process Planning Module. The process planning module allows manufacturers to develop production plans based upon demand (based upon sales orders and/or sales forecasts) and current inventory levels and existing replenishments in order to effectively manage resources to meet sales demands. Capacity requirements of resources can be checked, and based upon the capacity constraints, the master production schedule can be adjusted to result in a workable production plan. The module includes material planning functionality which can be used to determine the quantity and required date of ingredients and packaging supplies. The module enables the management of capacity with comparison to demand to arrive at a viable production plan within the constraints, calculation of the materials needed, creation of |
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| manufacturing jobs for production, making of adjustments or identification of alternatives in production planning, and creation of production plans with specified horizons (such as an annual operating plan for budgeting or intermediate forecast plan to meet actual orders and inventory levels). |
| • | | Purchase Order Processing Module. The purchase order processing module handles purchase requisitions, purchase orders, receiving and vouchering of invoices for raw materials, raw material planning purchases, maintenance purchases and other one-time purchases. The module supports the purchasing requirements of both multi-site, multi-national corporations and single site domestic operations in either a centralized or decentralized mode. The functionality of the module enables, for example, inspection of a product received from a supplier (such as moisture level of a lot characteristic which is important to the manufacturer), automatic management of pricing and discounts with a supplier, and return of materials to suppliers. |
| • | | Maintenance Management Application. The Maintenance Management Application provides users access to current and historical data needed to control and effectively manage facilities and equipment to help ensure high levels of equipment reliability, regulatory compliance and cost containment, and extend the life of significant capital assets. The application allows a manufacturer to manage repair work orders electronically, including verifying availability and status of required spare parts, tooling, supplies and personnel before releasing repair work orders, provide planning, approval and tracking of work orders, prioritize repairs, and have up-to-the-minute status updates of repair work orders to view progress. The application allows equipment records to be maintained so that vital and technical information (such as operating instructions and safety precautions) are available to those who need it, and equipment expense history can be tracked to show repair and preventive work performed and costs incurred. The application permits preventive and predictive maintenance to be defined so that parts, crews, shifts, and labor can be planned as needed on a regular basis. |
| • | | Financial Applications. The Financial Applications are tightly integrated to the Ross’ ERP suite to provide a central source of financial information to help a manufacturer manage critical financial processes from planning through decision making. The Financial Applications include general ledger, accounts payable, accounts receivable, fixed assets, financial reporting and financial budgeting modules. The financial reporting and financial budgeting modules are third-party products from FRx which Ross licenses and resells. |
The Ross SCM suite consists of three primary interconnected applications, Demand Management, Supply Chain Management and Measurement, that help formula and recipe-based process manufacturing enterprises optimize supply chains by connecting business processes, allowing information transparency and common metrics, and allowing for collective decision making among employees, partners, suppliers and customers. The solution can be implemented quickly, yet is flexible enough to account for changing business needs, so that manufacturers can realize a return on their investment quickly.
| • | | Demand Management Applications. The Demand Management Applications consist of a set of modules that enable manufacturers to forecast demand, down to the level of individual customers at particular locations, and improve customer service while reducing inventory. The modules include Demand Planning, Enterprise Forecasting and Inventory Planning. |
| • | | Demand Planning Module. The demand planning module helps a manufacturer understand both historical demand patterns and how future events, such as planned promotions, new product introductions, revisions to existing product, marketing campaigns and changing economic and market conditions, will affect forecasts. The module models business processes at user-defined levels such as product, division, location or customer. The plan created by the module can be automatically fed into the advanced planning module to help create production schedules. |
| • | | Enterprise Forecasting Module. The enterprise forecasting module allows a sales force, who are closest to the point of demand generation, to help create and manage forecasts remotely. It can also help evaluate sales performance against weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly targets through a personalized view of each sales person’s or regional manager’s performance. |
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| • | | Inventory Planning Module. The inventory planning module assists a manufacturer in balancing inventory investments and customer service levels, based upon user defined inventory policies, so that informed decisions can be made. Using the inventory policies, the module calculates recommended stocking levels. |
| • | | Supply Chain Management Applications. The Supply Chain Management Applications bring together optimization of a demand plan with available supply, thus allowing the manufacturer to connect its business plan to departmental operations. The application consists of modules including Replenishment Planning, Optimized Orders, and Advanced Planning and Scheduling. |
| • | | Replenishment Planning Module. The replenishment planning module seeks to optimize having the right amount of product at the right location at the right time, while managing supply chain costs. Using inventory policies from the inventory planning module and the demand forecast from the demand planning module, it considers the consumption rates and inventory levels throughout the supply chain, and automatically calculates time-phased safety stocks and replenishment quantities for each item at each location. If additional products need to be ordered, it suggests replenishment orders to come either from existing inventory or new production. The module dynamically calculates inventory status and monitors inventory exception conditions (like stock outs, using safety stock or high stock levels). |
| • | | Optimized Orders Module. The optimized orders module automates the process of generating replenishment orders in order to improve on-time delivery and minimize the need for extra costs to expedite orders. The module recommends replenishment order quantities using the demand forecast and the inventory policies from Ross’ other SCM modules, and includes shipment optimization logic that accounts for truckload and pallet configuration while balancing constraints like weight, cost and dimensions. |
| • | | Advanced Planning and Scheduling Module. Once a demand plan is developed, the task becomes developing a production plan to meet the demand while balancing budget needs and supply and demand. The advanced planning and scheduling module focuses on providing answers to questions like what products should be made, how much should be made, where should it be made, and how to optimize efficiency and capacity. The module provides graphical warnings to identify capacity, materials, labor and customer service issues. It also assists with scheduling production runs and changeovers so that downtime is kept to a minimum. The module balances competing objectives such as optimizing sequencing, minimizing changeovers and labor, and maximizing throughput. |
| • | | Measurement Application. The Measurement Applications bring together information from outside and inside the enterprise regarding sales, service, manufacturing, inventory, finance and the supply chain so that it may be used in decisions, thereby enabling better strategic plans, evaluation of plans and improved responsiveness to changes in plans. The application extracts information from the other modules of Ross’ ERP and SCM solutions in order to generate analyses and plans that can be used as management tools to measure performance and judge the impact of proposed corrective actions. |
| • | | Sales & Operations Planning Module. The sales & operations planning module allows executives to see how the organization is performing against plan, establish where future demand or supply issues may arise, and evaluate the outcome of different demand and supply balancing options on the business. The module enables the tracking of sales and operational activities, and map deviations from the corporate plan. |
Ross also offers the following additional solutions to help customers achieve greater value from their Ross ERP and SCM suites through radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging and analytics capabilities.
| • | | RFID-to-Go. The RFID-to-Go is an EPC-compliant, bolt-on application to the Ross ERP and SCM suites. RFID-to-Go supports the practice of applying RFID tags to products during the receipt process, while in storage, and just prior to shipping. |
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| • | | Ross EPM Analytics. The Ross enterprise performance management (EPM) suite of analytics applications, integrated with Ross ERP and SCM, enables fast, multi-dimensional and cross-functional analysis of key business drivers. Through customizable management dashboards, pre-built reports, and proactive alerts, decision makers can monitor key performance indicators in real time. These include Ross EPM Sales Analytics for monitoring key metrics in sales and customer service, Ross EPM Manufacturing Analytics and Ross EPM Financial Analytics. |
CRM Software. Our CRM software products are principally offered through two subsidiaries which target complementary markets:
| • | | Pivotal provides a complete set of highly flexible CRM applications and implementation services for mid-sized enterprises and divisions of larger enterprises, as well as selected target industries. |
| • | | c360 Solutions provides add-on products, industry solutions and development tools for the Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform, which allows us entry into CRM products for smaller scale businesses with zero complexity. The acquisition of c360 occurred in April of 2006 and the operating results of c360 are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for any of the years ended December 31, 2005. |
Pivotal’s CRM suite consists of four product suites, including applications for sales force automation, marketing automation, service automation, and partner relationship management. In addition, Pivotal offers additional solutions to help customers achieve greater value from their Pivotal CRM suites through mobile access and analytics capabilities. Together, these products are designed to enable companies to increase revenues and decrease costs by increasing efficiency within the sales, marketing and service activities and creating one unified business network to connect employees, partners and customers in an effort to increase customer acquisition and loyalty.
| • | | Pivotal Sales Suite. The Pivotal Sales Suite provides critical customer information, opportunity management tools, and “best practices” sales methodologies for the enterprise sales force. Core capabilities of the suite include quote and proposal management, consolidated revenue forecast, territory management, opportunity management, team selling enablement, product configuration and guided selling. Core applications in the suite include the following: |
| • | | Pivotal Sales Application. Pivotal Sales enables global sales organizations to sell collaboratively across multiple regions, currencies and channels. With Pivotal Sales, organizations can share information across sales teams, forecast their business, manage pipelines, automatically generate quotes and proposals, and configure products and services that meet specific customer needs. |
| • | | Pivotal Sales Application – Miller Heiman Edition.Pivotal Sales – Miller Heiman Edition is an option for the Pivotal Sales application based on the three most popular disciplines – strategic selling, conceptual selling, and large account management – as taught by Miller Heiman, a leader in sales methodologies. |
| • | | Pivotal Assisted Selling Application. Pivotal Assisted Selling combines sales automation, guided selling, complex quote creation and price/product configuration. Users can configure products and services with flexible guided selling capabilities, and then create, propose and automatically expire multiple quotes per opportunity that contain up-to-date products, services and pricing. |
| • | | Pivotal Marketing Suite.The Pivotal Marketing Suite features Pivotal MarketFirst as a comprehensive marketing automation product designed for end-to-end management of multi-channel campaigns and marketing processes. It reduces both the cost and time to create personalized campaigns and increases the ability to deliver better leads to sales resources. Core capabilities of the suite include campaign management and execution lead capturing and tracking, customer profiling and analysis, data mining and direct mail campaign management. Core applications of the suite include the following: |
| • | | Pivotal MarketFirst Direct Marketing Manager™ Application.Pivotal MarketFirst Direct Marketing Manager™ synchronizes a customer’s marketing database, web site, and multi-channel communications to create a segmented and targeted direct marketing program that delivers improved response rates, higher quality leads and better brand building. |
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| • | | Pivotal MarketFirst Event Manager™ Application.Pivotal MarketFirst Event Manager™ automates labor-intensive tasks associated with marketing events (including logistics, invitations, registration, scheduling, lead management and budgeting) and facilitates follow up to turn event attendees into sales leads. |
| • | | Pivotal MarketFirst Lead Manager™ Application. Pivotal MarketFirst Lead Manager™ streamlines lead management, simplifying the process of qualifying, managing, nurturing and tracking leads, thereby focusing sales and improving both lead conversion and sales closure rates. |
| • | | Pivotal MarketFirst Prospecting Assistant™ Application. Pivotal MarketFirst Prospecting Assistant™ delivers consistent, accessible marketing support to the sales team via a Web-based portal that takes the burden off salespeople while accelerating the conversion of prospects to leads. |
| • | | Pivotal MarketFirst Campaign Portal™ Application. Pivotal MarketFirst Campaign Portal™ allows distributed marketing organizations to work together more effectively and consistently in order to launch targeted campaigns. |
| • | | Pivotal Service Suite. The Pivotal Service Suite is an Internet-based customer service application designed to build customer loyalty and optimize call center performance. Core capabilities of the suite include, service request management, online request tracking and escalation, personalized 24x7 self service and online FAQs. Core applications of the suite include: |
| • | | Pivotal Service Application. Pivotal Service automates the capture, management and resolution of customer service and support requests across multiple channels. It integrates with sales and marketing functions to provide service professionals with the tools and information they need to deliver personalized service for improved customer satisfaction. |
| • | | Pivotal Contact Center Application. Pivotal Contact Center transforms call centers into a contact center that supports multiple channels of customer interactions, including voice, email, text chat, Internet collaboration, and fax. By managing customer interactions across multiple channels, service organizations have the tools and information they need to deliver high quality, cost-effective customer service. |
| • | | Pivotal eService Application. Pivotal eService helps organizations reduce the cost of service by giving customers a self-service portal with one-click access to personalized information. The application provides customers access to self-service reports to keep track of orders, incidents, contracts and service level agreements, and includes quick product registration capabilities. The application also allows full text search to help customers solve their problems quickly. |
| • | | Pivotal Partner Management Suite. The Pivotal Partner Management Suite empowers customer companies to more effectively manage their partner relationships. Core capabilities of the suite include, partner lifecycle management, recruitment management, partner profiling, lead management, opportunity management and forecasting, alliance management and partner performance reporting and analytics. Core applications of the suite include: |
| • | | Pivotal ePartner Application. Pivotal ePartner is a browser-based product that extends marketing, sales, service and ordering capabilities to a customers’ business partners, enabling them to become effective members of the customers’ extended enterprise to generate sales and deliver customer value. Tools within the suite allow the customer to keep a partner up-to-date by providing easy access to product information, training, sales tools, transaction data, and performance analysis reports. |
| • | | Pivotal Partner Manager Application. Pivotal Partner Manager is an internal tool used to help manage and enable partner relationships and operations. The application enables organizations to collaboratively sell, service and market to end-users, and measure and reward the partner community. |
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Pivotal also offers the following additional solutions to help customers achieve greater value from their Pivotal CRM suites through mobile access and analytics capabilities.
| • | | Pivotal Mobile CRM Solution. The Pivotal Mobile CRM solution delivers sales and service functionality to disconnected users. It is designed to support an organization’s mobile users, from mobile executives on the road to remote field sales to sales representatives who have stepped out of the office. The solution offers users remote access to data through the following products: |
| • | | Pivotal Mobile Client.™ Pivotal Mobile Client delivers access to Pivotal CRM application functionality, with or without a network. |
| • | | Intellisync for Pivotal.™ Intellisync for Pivotal supports bi-directional synchronization of data in the Pivotal CRM suite with Microsoft Outlook or Lotus Notes, allowing offline access to critical data through a personal digital assistant. |
| • | | Pivotal Wireless.™ Pivotal Wireless allows mobile users to stay connected and up-to-date on critical opportunity and account developments. Using the micro-browser on a wireless device, such as a web-enabled cell phone or personal digital assistant, mobile users have real-time access to data they need from the field. |
| • | | Pivotal Analytics Solution. The Pivotal Analytics solution is a business intelligence solution which enables organizations to analyze customer data. Pivotal Analytics enables businesses to gain greater insight and value from their CRM data, giving users the ability to analyze data, identify trends, and make better-informed business decisions, more quickly. It is built on the Microsoft BI platform, and offers both the flexibility of a BI tool framework and the usability of a pre-packaged analytics application, making sophisticated analytical capabilities accessible. |
Industry Specific CRM Solutions. Pivotal has tailored its CRM software products for certain specific industries. In 2001, Pivotal provided industry specific CRM products to meet special requirements of healthcare payer organizations, and has since then expanded its portfolio of industry specific products to include CRM products for the financial services (asset management, capital markets, commercial banking and private banking), homebuilder, and life sciences (medical device manufacturing) markets.
| • | | Pivotal Financial Services.Pivotal Financial Services is comprised of targeted solutions tailored to meet special business requirements of commercial banking, asset management, private banking and capital markets organizations. Pivotal’s financial services solutions have been designed in consultation with financial institutions to help these companies drive revenue by fostering more meaningful relationships with each stakeholder, identifying cross-sell and up-sell opportunities, enabling team selling, providing better visibility into the sales pipeline, and improving regulatory compliance. |
| • | | Pivotal Healthcare. Pivotal Healthcare is a comprehensive front office solution that improves the ability of healthcare payers to serve and manage brokers, members, and employer groups efficiently and effectively. Comprised of Pivotal Healthcare Front Office, Pivotal Healthcare eBroker, and Pivotal Healthcare eEnrollment, the Pivotal Healthcare solution delivers a scalable foundation and processes for member acquisition, retention, and growth. It encompasses components including lead management, new business quoting, renewal processing, rating/underwriting, online enrollment, and back office integration. |
| • | | Pivotal Homebuilder. Pivotal Homebuilder is designed to handle the complete marketing automation, lead management, sales automation, and customer care cycles of homebuilders, from the first point of interest on a website through the complete sales cycle to the handling of service and warranty requests years after a home is purchased. It features extensive integration to Microsoft Office, including Microsoft Outlook, a user friendly interface, and integration to back-office systems including Oracle/PeopleSoft. |
| • | | Pivotal Medical Devices. Pivotal Medical Devices is designed to meet the special needs of medical device manufacturers. Its end-to-end industry-specific integrations can help companies through the process of how they go to market. The solution offers a combination of technology-enabled sales, lead management, and |
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| industry-specific capabilities which make it easier for medical device manufacturers to market, sell to and service customers. Pivotal Medical Devices is the first in a series of CRM applications designed for specific industries in discrete manufacturing. Much like the industry-specific CRM applications for financial services and homebuilders, these new applications are rapidly delivered using a similar application template methodology. |
| • | | Pivotal Manufacturing. Pivotal Manufacturing provides the critical functionality needed by manufacturers-integrated sales, marketing, service, and partner processes-to become customer-driven. With the ability to capture, analyze, and act on customer intelligence, CDC Software helps manufacturers aggregate and analyze information across the business, giving them the insight to guide effective decision-making and more easily adapt to changing markets. |
c360 Solutions provides add-on products, industry vertical solutions and development tools for the Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform v1.2 and 3.0. Microsoft Dynamics is a line of integrated business management solutions offered by Microsoft based upon their widely-used productivity applications (like Microsoft Office and Microsoft Outlook) which, generally, are geared towards smaller scale businesses with limited complexity. The Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform is Microsoft’s product to manage customer groups, create and launch marketing campaigns, track customer activity, and organize sales and after-sales. c360 Solutions has developed and offers packages to supplement and enhance the Mirosoft Dynamics CRM platform, including add-on products, industry vertical solutions and development tools.
The add-on products c360 Solutions offers for the Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform v3.0 are sold through one of three productivity packs.
| • | | Core Productivity Pack. The core productivity pack adds functionality to the Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform v3.0, including “Duplicate Detection” to alert uses when a new entry record already exists in the Microsoft CRM database, “Alerts” to allow users to add critical information to CRM records so other user will be advised of this information upon access of the record, “Consoles” to allow users to consolidate CRM data in a series of customizable cells which can reduce excess clicks and navigation, “Multi-field Search” to provide users with a quick central search screen where they can search across multiple fields with a single click, “Summary” to provide a user a configurable screen to roll-up, summarize, read and review interactions for various record types in Microsoft CRM without opening other windows or performing additional clicks, “Email Link” to allow users to quickly generate Microsoft Outlook email to share account information with others and “Relationship Explorer” to allow users to have a single place to view all relationships that exist for a particular object in a user friendly graphical tree. |
| • | | Sales Productivity Pack. The sales productivity pack adds functionality to the Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform v3.0, including “Forecast Manager” to allow users to update multiple fields and records from a single editable dashboard screen and retrieve find queries allowing users to show opportunities meeting specific criteria and “Web Connect” to allow organizations using Microsoft CRM to easily integrate their website to Microsoft CRM for lead and web visitor activity capture. |
| • | | Service Productivity Pack.The service productivity pack adds functionality to the Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform v3.0, including “Email to Case” to allow users to configure multiple CRM queues to convert inbound emails to service cases so that each time a case is created the customer is emailed and designated CRM users are notified and “My Workplace” to allow users to personalize the CRM workplace area for more efficient queue management. |
c360 Solutions currently offers an industry vertical pack solution for Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform v3.0 which combines all of the functionalities of the Core Productivity Pack, Sales Productivity Pack and Service Productivity Pack, in addition to adding “Customer Portal” functionality which allows customers to log in to a protected area to access CRM functionality, allows customers to create, edit and view service cases on the web, allows a user publish all or part of the information in the CRM knowledge base, allows customers to update their contact records on the web and allows customers access to custom developed modules protected by the portal’s authentication functionality.
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The development tools c360 Solutions offers for the Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform v3.0 are offered through a software development kit which allows developers to build applications on the Microsoft CRM platform v3.0. Each of the functionalities c360 Solutions offers in its productivity packs have been built using the software development kit. The kit provides a complete suite of ASP.NET user interface controls that look and behave like standard Microsoft CRM controls.
Order Management Systems (OMS) Software. Our OMS software products are principally offered by IMI. IMI is an established international provider of software to the order management and supply chain management sector and is a division of our CDC Software business unit. IMI develops, markets, and supports client/server and Internet architectured application software that enables manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, logistics service providers, and e-businesses to more effectively manage complex customer fulfillment in distribution-intensive businesses. The process encompasses the execution of multiple customer-focused order fulfillment processes, including order management, pricing and promotion, handling, sourcing, warehouse management, transportation management, service management, and replenishment planning and coordination. Vertical market solutions have been designed for retailers, wholesalers, consumer goods manufacturers and logistics service providers.
| • | | IMI Order Management Systems (OMS). These are distributed order management applications for multi-channel sales and sourcing, coordination of all kinds of order flows, and distribution models with a single face to the customer. It ensures clients can source and distribute products from anywhere, and to anywhere, based on individual customer needs. |
| • | | IMI Warehouse Management Systems (WMS). The WMS suite includes applications for planning, executing, monitoring, and following up warehouse activities, optimizing the use of staff, space, and equipment, and maximizing the efficiency of day-to-day operations. It performs all tasks in real-time 24 x 7 x 365, adapting to resource constraints and priorities as well as coordinating interdependent warehouse and transportation activities. |
| • | | IMI Collaboration. Our Collaboration software products address business process integration via web services and portal applications that support trading partner interaction over the web. They enable customers, vendors, and logistics service providers to collaborate around orders, confirmations, advance shipping notices, status inquiries and updates, track & trace and proof of delivery. |
| • | | IMI Supply Chain Analytics. Our Supply Chain Analytics helps our clients assess operational effectiveness and how each functional area is contributing towards corporate goals. Through customizable management dashboards, pre-built reports, and proactive alerts, decision-makers can easily monitor key performance indicators across the supply chain, manage by prioritized exceptions, and ensure that all supply-chain functions are working with the same information. |
The IMI suite of solutions for Demand Chain Management is designed for specific vertical industries as follows:
| • | | Solutions for retailers. IMI’s retail solutions help retailers (including grocery, specialty goods, and direct merchant retailers) improve ordering, fulfillment, and customer service across sales channels. The products are designed to provide full visibility and control of distribution center and store inventory, as well as managing orders from vendors, warehouses, stores, customers, and consumers. They permit distribution centers and stores to maintain and control product inventory and goods-in-transit, and to replenish store shelves based on expected consumer demand. The control and visibility of inventory helps retailers reduce out-of-stocks, increase product availability at the shelf, improve response to customer demand and better utilize store shelf capacity. |
| • | | Solutions for wholesalers. IMI’s wholesaler solutions focus on the grocery, specialty goods, and pharmaceutical and over-the-counter drugs industries. The solutions contain advanced order management, replenishment management, warehouse management, and collaborative management components. It is designed to give the wholesaler a logistics platform to enable very late customer orders, allow for multi-channel distribution within the same customer order, lower inventory handling and storage costs through managing cross-docking and merge-in-transit strategies throughout the logistics network, differentiating customer service to various individual customers to give additional focus to the most important customers, and support collaborative purchasing operations by providing suppliers with time-phased forecasts and replenishment schedules over the Internet. |
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| • | | Solutions for consumer goods manufacturers. IMI’s consumer goods manufacturer solutions target distribution-intensive supply chain operations and complement existing enterprise resource planning and supply chain planning systems. The products are designed to solve the problem of multi-channel integration through a collaborative order management solution that can fulfill global customer orders and deliver a single point of contact to customers. |
| • | | Solutions for logistics service providers. IMI’s logistics service provider solutions focus on traditional services such as warehousing and transportation, but also complementary services like vendor-managed inventory, replenishment, inventory control, advanced collaborative order management and customer relationship management. |
IMI’s solutions are comprised of configurable, scalable and flexible components, including IMI Order, IMI Warehouse, IMI Replenishment, IMI Collaboration, IMI Analytics and IMI Access.
HRM. Our HRM software products are principally offered by OpusOne Technologies. OpusOne Technologies is a developer and service provider of business management software solutions for state enterprises and multi-national corporations in Greater China.
OpusOne’s products include the following:
| • | | PowerHRP. PowerHRP is used in human resources and payroll administration to provide comprehensive data management functions for the storing, calculating, reading and tracking of employee information. Data management functions include comprehensive employee information management, including employee personnel information, payroll data, attendance, leave status, training, position, benefits and other user definable information. PowerHRP also provides process management functions, including recruiting, training, compensation and benefits, and employee performance functionality. Decision support tools are also available to assist in employee succession planning and budgeting. |
| • | | PowerATS. PowerATS is an attendance tracking system which provides functionality with respect to organizing working shifts, administering temporary changes to shifts, tracking late arrivals, early departures, absence, overtime and leave, tracking of meal locations, times and number of meals, and administering salary deductions. |
| • | | PowerESS.PowerESS is an Internet based employee self-service application which provides employees and managers with self-service functions for accessing and updating various human resources related data, such as personal information, leave applications and approvals, training applications and approvals, time sheets and pay slip inquiries. |
BI Software. Our BI software product, Executive Suite, is a fully integrated financial management application providing budgeting and forecasting, statutory consolidations, reporting and analysis to a broad spectrum of customers. Executive Suite is based on Microsoft .NET and Microsoft SQL technology which allows access via web-based technology.
In addition, each of our Ross, Pivotal and IMI products offer complementary business intelligence through their analytics capabilities.
| • | | Ross EPM Analytics. Ross EMP Analytics is a suite of applications, integrated with Ross ERP and SCM which enables multi-dimensional and cross-functional analysis of key business drivers. Through customizable management dashboards, pre-built reports, and proactive alerts, decision makers can emonitor key performance indicators (KPIs) in real time. These include Ross EPM Sales Analytics for monitoring key metrics in sales and customer service, Ross EPM Manufacturing Analytics and Ross EPM Financial Analytics. |
| • | | Pivotal Analytics Solution. The Pivotal Analytics solution is a business intelligence solution which enables organizations to analyze customer data. Pivotal Analytics enables businesses to gain greater insight and value from their CRM data, giving users the ability to analyze data, identify trends and make better-informed |
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| business decisions. It is built on the Microsoft BI platform, and offers the flexibility of a BI tool framework and the usability of a pre-packaged analytics application, making sophisticated analytical capabilities accessible. |
| • | | IMI Supply Chain Analytics. The IMI Supply Chain Analytics helps our clients assess operational effectiveness and how each functional area is contributing towards corporate goals. Through customizable management dashboards, pre-built reports, and proactive alerts, decision-makers can easily monitor key performance indicators across the supply chain, manage by prioritized exceptions, and ensure that all supply-chain functions are working with the same information. |
Professional Services.Our professional services operation (which is distinct from our business services offerings) complements our enterprise application software offerings. We provide a broad range of services to install, optimize and support the software products. These services fall into two broad categories: Professional Services and Client Support.
Our professional services operations provide a complete set of services to address customer requirements across all phases of their enterprise application software initiative. We attempt to offer services designed to meet the budget, timeframe, risk profile, implementation needs, performance requirements, integration needs and expansion plans of our customers. Generally, our professional services are offered on a time and expense reimbursement basis, although there has been an increasing trend at some of our enterprise application software subsidiaries, such as Pivotal, to have such services performed for a fixed fee. The major types of services provided include the following:
| • | | Business Application Consulting. Business application consulting involves in-depth analysis of the client’s specific needs and preparation of detailed plans that list step-by-step actions and procedures necessary to achieve a timely and successful implementation of our software products. Our consultants, who often have significant industry-specific experience and product knowledge, work with companies to identify measurable business objectives and provide a sensible path to reach them. |
| • | | Technical Consulting. Technical consulting is dedicated to successful implementation of a product. The services involve evaluating and managing the client’s needs by supplying custom application systems, custom interfaces, data conversions and system conversions. Consultants participate in a wide range of activities, including requirements definition, software design, and development. Technology services focused on networking, database administration and tuning can also be provided. In addition, Pivotal also offers hosting services. |
| • | | Integration Services. Integration services focus on a smooth, efficient and cost-effective integration of our software products across multiple existing systems. Because businesses have often deployed disparate enterprise systems over time to support sales, services, accounting, manufacturing, human resources and order processing, integration services seeks to unify the multiple systems and unlock the information in these separate databases. |
| • | | Education Services. Education services seek to ensure that client companies effectively adopt and use their enterprise application software products by delivering training which fits the client’s business needs. Education services can be offered to clients either at our education facilities or at the client’s location as either standard or customized classes. |
Client support seeks to ensure our clients easily gain answers to questions or issues related to their enterprise application software solution. Client support is provided through a variety of mediums, including web based support, email, telephone support, technical publications and product support guides. These mediums allow our clients to conveniently and effectively acquire their desired information on demand. Client support works closely with our clients’ internal support to provide timely product knowledge in assisting our clients in the usage of the solution. Generally, our client support is provided for under the maintenance provisions in our license agreements for an annual fee based on a percentage of the software license fees. Standard maintenance agreements generally entitle a client to certain product upgrades, product enhancements as well as access to our professional staff. In addition to standard support, we continue to expand our offering to include remote services and extended technical support.
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Product Development.To meet the increasingly sophisticated needs of our customers and address potential new markets, we generally strive to enhance the functionality of our existing products. Our enterprise application subsidiaries use a variety of methods to survey our customers, including questionnaires, direct discussions, and meetings at annual user conferences. We incorporate many recommendations into our products. We also conduct a variety of forms of market research with industry analyst groups and targeted industries to determine strategies for new features and functions. We are committed to achieving advances in the use of computer systems technology and to expanding the breadth of our product lines. Development activity during 2005 covered a range of evolving functionality enhancements to present releases of our products. For example,
| • | | In March 2005, Ross introduced Ross EPM, a suite of applications, integrated with Ross ERP and SCM, enabling fast, multi-dimensional and cross-functional analysis of key business drivers. Through customizable management dashboards, pre-built reports, and proactive alerts, decision makers can easily monitor key performance indicators in real time. The first application in the suite was Ross EPM Sales Analytics for monitoring key metrics in sales and customer service. In the fall of 2005, Ross EPM Manufacturing Analytics and Ross EPM Financial Analytics were added to the suite. Several other analytics modules are planned for 2006, including Inventory and Purchasing. |
| • | | In May 2005, Ross introduced iRenaissance SCM 5.9.1 which offered improved planning and scheduling, enhancements to demand planning, enhancements to ERP integration and support for Oracle 10g technology. |
| • | | In December, 2005, Ross introduced Ross Data Collection, a fully automated system that eliminates the need for manual entry of operational and inventory information. From initial receipt of materials to customer shipments, Ross Data Collection automates all tracking of material movements with immediate data capture and point-of-scan error alerts. |
| • | | In April 2005, Pivotal introduced Pivotal Medical Devices 2.0, an upgraded industry-specific template for Pivotal CRM that addresses unique requirements in the medical devices industry. |
| • | | In May 2005, Pivotal introduced Pivotal Sales 5.7, an upgraded module within Pivotal CRM, providing enhanced integration with Microsoft Outlook email, improved analytics functionality, Unicode CRM data support and enhanced .NET customization and application development capabilities. |
| • | | In August 2005, Pivotal introduced Pivotal Financial Services 3.7, an upgraded industry-specific template for Pivotal CRM that addresses unique requirements in the financial services industries and the capital markets in particular. |
| • | | In December 2005, Pivotal introduced Pivotal Homebuilder 3.6, an upgraded industry-specific template for Pivotal CRM that addresses unique requirements in the construction, homebuilding and real estate industries. The template provides improved sales processes, and neighborhood level interest tracking for leads and contacts. |
| • | | In December 2005, Pivotal introduced Pivotal Interaction Connector – Universal Edition 5.7, a standardized, vendor-agnostic API that can be used to integrate the Pivotal CRM system to almost any brand of contact center hardware or infrastructure equipment. |
| • | | In June 2005, IMI released new versions of the core products in the IMI Suite for supply chain management, IMI Order v9 and IMI Warehouse v5. IMI Order v9 introduced a new ultra-thin web user interface, configurable workbenches for streamlined workflows and increased user productivity, adherence to the Sarbanes-Oxley and IFRS mandates, built-in VAT and Intrastat handling along with other performance and usability improvements. IMI Warehouse v5 featured a world-class solution for dynamic pick optimization and real-time pick execution, complete re-architecting of inbound processes, support for Windows server deployment and Service Oriented Architecture based on web services. |
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| • | | In September 2005, Platinum China released version 6.4 of the PowerHRP suite which included employee motivation management and which completed the function of Employee Risk & Motivation Management, enhanced Attendance Tracking Management and enhanced Employee Self-Service. |
| • | | In October 2005, IMI released a technology migration of its solution for coordinated supply chain execution, IMI Collaboration v3, based on open internet-based architecture, with hardware, operating system and database independent deployment and web services enablement. |
| • | | In December 2005, IMI Warehouse v5.0i was released with integration (web services) to Ross ERP 5.9. |
| • | | In April 2006, Ion Global redesigned its expresso interface which makes it easier for new customers to learn. Expresso is a hosted solution for direct email marketing used by a wide variety of customers throughout Asia. |
Projects in progress include several functionality enhancements important to a broad base of our customers, a new product release for medical device manufacturers, incremental enhancements for products designed for our targeted industries, a new analytics product and ongoing improvements to the integration aspects of applications which have been incorporated into our product suite.
We have been increasingly moving software development capabilities for our enterprise application software products to India and China. Pivotal has established a software development center in Bangalore, India and Ross has established a software development center in Shanghai, China. This shift has enabled Pivotal and Ross to expand the breadth of product development and accelerate delivery schedules while reducing overall development costs. By establishing our own development centers, rather than outsourcing to third parties as is frequently practiced in the software industry, we believe we have maintained better control over product quality and development schedules.
Business Services segment.Our business services segment offers a variety of information technology services designed to allow customers to achieve either more value added services for their IT expenditures for the same cost or the same value added services for their IT expenditures for less cost. The services we offer cover the business optimization spectrum from industry advisory services to business process improvement services to traditional implementation services to tuning/optimization services to outsourced hosting/application management services.
The business services segment also includes other specialized business services we offer in regional markets, including eBusiness consulting and web development services offered principally in the western United States, mobile user interface design consultancy and development services for the telecommunications industry in Korea, and marketing database and marketing support services conducted principally in Australia and New Zealand.
Revenues from our business services segment slightly decreased to US$42.7 million in 2005 from US$42.9 million in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, revenues from our business services segment constituted 17% of total revenues in 2005 and 24% of total revenues in 2004.
We offer a variety of services to help companies customize, optimize and support their information technology infrastructures, including processes, systems and people. These services are generally much broader in scope than the more narrow implementation services which are typically offered by enterprise software companies as a part of their professional services offerings. The services we offer cover the business optimization spectrum, enabling customers to obtain more value for their IT expenditure, and include the following:
| • | | Strategy. These services cover industry advisory services, and are intended to help customers with requests such as, “What are the industry’s best practices?” and “What best practices should be adopted?” |
| • | | Design. These services cover business process improvement services, and are intended to help customers with requests such as, “Please assist us in designing our business processes?” |
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| • | | Implementation. These services cover traditional implementation services which are typically offered by enterprise software companies as a part of their professional services offerings, and are intended to help customers with requests such as, “Please lead the overall effort with participation from our team.” |
| • | | Enhancing.These services cover tuning and optimization services, and are intended to help customers with requests such as, “My system isn’t running well. Please help me figure out what is wrong.” |
| • | | Outsourcing. These services cover hosting and application management services, and are intended to help customers with requests such as, “take care of the entire solution for me” and “Can you manage our applications and information technology needs?” Solutions offered in these services include Customer Application Development, System Integration, Software Product Engineering and Infrastructure related services. |
The services we offer to support information technology infrastructures are generally offered on a regional basis around the world through various subsidiaries, principally in the northeastern United States and Australia, including the following:
| • | | Ascent SGI. Ascent SGI is a 51% owned subsidiary with offices in the metropolitan New York region servicing customers principally in the northeastern United States. |
| • | | Horizon Companies. Horizon Companies is a 51% owned subsidiary with offices in New Jersey, Mumbai and Ontario servicing customers principally in the northeastern and central United States. The acquisition of Horizon occurred in January of 2006 and the operating results of Horizon are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for any of the years ended December 31, 2005. |
| • | | Praxa. Praxa is a 100% owned subsidiary with offices in Australia servicing customers principally in Australia. |
| • | | PK Information Systems. PK Information Systems is a 100% owned subsidiary with offices in Australia servicing customers principally in New South Wales in Australia. |
These business services subsidiaries specialize in providing IT consulting services, outsourced applications development, systems integration services and managed IT services to corporate and government market clients. In order to provide more cost-effective services to clients while maintaining a high quality of service, our business services subsidiaries employ both “on-shore” locally based professional services staff who can interact with a client’s local staff on-site, as well as “off-shore” based professional services staff typically located in India or China.
IT Consulting Services. IT consulting services and project management services involve working with clients to understand their business issues and to identify and document achievable technical solutions to provide tangible business improvements. Utilizing staff with a range of industry experience, our business services subsidiaries each offer independent analysis, advice and technical consulting services to help customers plan, evaluate, select, develop and implement effective business solutions. In addition, Praxa also offers assistance with business planning and process modeling, financial modeling, defining and documenting business requirements, requests for tenders, defining functional specifications, and change control management.
Outsourced Applications Development. Outsourced applications development involves the design, development, testing and deployment of custom software applications. Ascent SGI and Horizon offer engineers with experience in enterprise system design, object oriented analysis and design, and database design and implementation to help develop custom applications for clients. Praxa has developed an ISO9001:2000 certified delivery process which defines project management, analysis, design, software development, testing, deployment, quality control and support processes to enable Praxa to deliver systems adapted to the custom needs of the client. Ascent SGI, Horizon Companies, Praxa and PK Information Systems have custom applications development capabilities on several platforms, including Microsoft .NET technology.
Systems Integration Services. System integration services integrate third party software solutions with custom developed interfaces to allow clients to utilize software solutions from various vendors. By combining IT consulting
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services and applications development capabilities, Ascent SGI, Horizon Companies and Praxa assist clients in implementing off-the-shelf software solutions into existing systems. Ascent SGI and Praxa are involved in implementing Pivotal CRM solutions into the existing systems of clients. In addition, Praxa leverages upon its association with Microsoft as a “Gold Certified Partner in Business Intelligence” to develop its systems integration services business.
Managed IT Services. Ascent SGI, Horizon Companies and Praxa each offer a variety of managed IT services for clients, including outsourcing, facilities management and strategic infrastructure projects. IT outsourcing offers a practical alternative for organizations wanting to concentrate on core business activities, rather than devote limited resources to IT matters. Managed services include, providing outsourced desktop and data management, help desk support and information technology asset ownership, and acting as a strategic source for certain segments of a organization’s IT environment (such as second level support beyond the help desk).
Other Specialized Business Services
We offer other specialized business services in regional markets, including the following:
| • | | eBusiness Consulting and Web Development. We offer eBusiness consulting and web development services primarily through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Ion Global, which has offices in San Francisco, Hong Kong and Korea. Ion Global (other than Ion Global Korea which is engaged in providing solutions geared to the mobile business) is engaged in planning, architecting, and delivering e-business consulting services for both Fortune 500 multinational corporations and pan-Asian clients. Ion Global typically assists clients with the adoption of web-based technologies and helps clients deploy web-based initiatives to lower costs, increase sales, or increase efficiency. The industries with which Ion Global has the most experience are financial services, travel and transportation, communications, media and consumer goods. |
| • | | Mobile User Interface Design Consultancy and Development. We provide mobile user interface design consultancy and development services for a number of leading Korean companies in the telecommunications industry primarily through Ion Global Korea. Ion Global Korea’s customers include service providers, mobile handset manufacturers and manufacturers of MP3 devices, wireless Internet broadband devices and interactive televisions. Ion Global Korea has expertise in designing user interfaces and graphic user interfaces which are considered critical to the success or failure of these devices which need to operate under a variety of pre-defined industry standard specifications. Industry standard specifications which Ion Global Korea designs under include, Wireless Internet Platform for Interoperability (WIPI), a standard developed in Korea to provide an operating environment for applications downloaded via the wireless Internet for use on a mobile device (like an MP3 player), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), an open international set of communications protocols that standardizes the manner in which wireless devices (such as mobile phones) are used for Internet access, and Video on Demand (VOD), a technology to enable individuals to select videos from a central server for viewing on demand (for use in interactive televisions). |
| • | | Marketing Database and Marketing Support Services. We provide business marketing data and marketing support services in Australia and New Zealand primarily through our Mezzo business. Mezzo maintains the IncNet databases as a source of marketing intelligence on medium and large companies and organizations in Australia and New Zealand. The IncNet databases, which identify decision makers within approximately 50,000 organizations in Australia and New Zealand, are used as a source of information by many business-to-business direct marketers in Australia and New Zealand. Direct marketers and other customers can use this data to develop and execute marketing campaigns, measure market penetration and analyze marketing opportunities. Marketing support services offered by Mezzo include inbound and outbound call center services, market analysis and research, and marketing database development services. Services are provided to lending marketers in several industries, including the financial services, consumer goods and automotive sectors. Mezzo has also used its data resources to assist companies in refining their marketing strategies, and has developed various modeling techniques to segment markets, quantify opportunities and allocate resources to the appropriate sales channel. |
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Competitive Strengths
We believe our principal competitive strengths in our CDC Software business unit include the following:
We offer a range of enterprise software products which enable businesses to increase revenues, margins and customer loyalty.Our enterprise software products attempt to achieve enterprise-wide integration of business and technical information across multiple divisions and organizational boundaries, such as finance, manufacturing, logistics, human resources and sales, utilizing common databases and programs that share data on a real time basis across multiple business functions. By offering a broad range of enterprise software products, including products for enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, customer relationship management, order management systems, human resource management and business intelligence, we have products, services and professionals to fill a wide range of customer needs. With our products and services, our customers can increase revenues, improve customer loyalty, increase customer retention and increase customer net value, while decreasing costs by streamlining processes and interactions between employees, partners and customers.
We have developed industry-specific products for strategic specific industry segments (“micro-verticals”). Many of our enterprise software products have been designed and built to be industry-specific which allows businesses to immediately gain business benefits because unique industry-specific requirements are addressed by these systems without the need for extensive, costly customizations. The benefits that our customers gain, compared to companies that license generalized software systems include, reduced cost of the initial implementation due to the reduced need for customizations, rapid implementation and much shorter time-to-value, reduced training costs for end-users, and reduced cost of ongoing system maintenance.
For example, with respect to Ross’ products, Ross focuses on the food and beverage, life sciences, chemicals, metals and natural products industries. Pivotal’s products have already been optimized and configured to include CRM products for the financial services (asset management, capital markets, commercial banking and private banking), healthcare, homebuilder and life sciences (medical device manufacturing), and general manufacturing industries. IMI’s products have been tailored for the grocery, specialty goods and pharmaceutical and over-the-counter drugs industries.
We believe that the all markets for enterprise solutions are maturing and buyers are becoming increasingly sophisticated. They increasingly seek software applications that provide a very tight fit to their specific industry requirements. Additionally, we also believe that the rapidly growing market of mid-sized companies exhibits highly pragmatic buying characteristics, further adding to the demand for industry-specialized applications that fit their businesses. These market dynamics create significant competitive advantages for us compared to our typical competitors offering generalized software systems that require significant customization for each customer. As an example of this competitive advantage, our competitive win rates exceed 50% during 2005 in some of our target industries. This compares very favorably to the typical competitive win rates of 20-25% for generalized enterprise software systems.
Our products can be implemented rapidly, can be easily customized and are relatively easy to learn, all of which helps to yield a low total cost of ownership but high return on investment. Businesses can use our products without significant customization, thereby expediting the implementation process. If they so desire, businesses can easily customize our products to reflect their own internal processes. As a result, our products can be cost-effectively deployed, and require relatively few customer resources for ongoing support, system maintenance and end-user training. Our products are also relatively easy for end-users to learn, which helps to lower start-up training and deployment costs.
Our products can be scaled with the growing needs of our customers. Many of our customers require that our products support their growing number of employees, customers and partners. Our underlying architectures enable our customers to expand our products as their businesses grow by adding servers in a number of locations. This capability improves performance and enables our products to support larger numbers of concurrent users.
Goals and Strategy
Our goal for our CDC Software business unit is to be an integrated global enterprise solutions company offering a complete range of software products to meet the needs of large and mid-sized enterprises in our target industries, with the capability of providing high quality, low cost outsourced software development services to develop additional products and offer support services complementary to our product line to meet our customers’ needs. The key elements of our strategy are as follows:
Complement our product line through selective acquisitions. While we have built a broad product line principally through acquisitions, we may seek to add additional capabilities and functionalities with selective acquisitions of additional software, technologies or companies to complement the capabilities of our existing products. We believe that large and mid-market customers would find appealing the ability to contract with a single company which can offer a complete range of enterprise software products to meet all of their enterprise software needs, so we may seek to selectively acquire from around the world “best of breed” software and technologies to complement the line of enterprise software products which we offer.
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Invest in our existing businesses and align their operating plans. Now that we have recently completed the initial process of growing our line of enterprise application software products through several significant acquisitions, including the acquisitions of IMI in September 2003, Pivotal in February 2004 and Ross in August 2004, we are looking to invest in our existing businesses and align their operating plans to capitalize on future growth. To assist with this, CDC Software will form a new board of directors, separate from the Company’s board, which will focus on key growth initiatives and help the organization to become an independent, standalone company. The CDC Software board will discuss strategic and operational issues, review and approve new investments, review progress and implementation, and solve issues which cut across our various software businesses. Peter Yip, vice chairman of the board of the Company will serve as executive chairman of the CDC Software board and John Clough, a board member and chairman of the executive committee for the Company will serve as vice chairman of the CDC Software board. Additionally, the Company is in discussion with US-based board member candidates with deep enterprise software experience. In addition, CDC Software has announced several senior management team promotions in key areas including product direction, mergers and acquisitions, global services, sales and marketing.
Extend existing applications and product scope. We intend to continue the development of our applications to add new functionality. The core strategy for product development and acquisitions will be driven by the following objectives which are expected to enhance our current competitive advantages and increase the value of the solutions provided to our customers:
| • | | Broader application functionality to address an increasingly expanded set of requirements for our customers. |
| • | | Deeper functionality to address increasingly specific and complex requirements that are unique in each of our strategic industries. |
| • | | Geographically-specific functionality to increasingly address the local requirements of each customer and enable expansion of our markets on a global basis. |
| • | | Flexible delivery models to address the preferred acquisition and deployment preferences of each customer. We anticipate that customers will continue to prefer both traditional on-premise software licensing as well as Software as a Service (SaaS) options for accessing applications via the Internet based on subscription services. We intend to offer a full range of options to address the preferences of each customer. |
| • | | Expanded services offerings to increasingly address a broader range of services needs for our customers. These may range from outsourced support and maintenance to fully outsourced operations or monitoring for adherence to best-practices. |
Leverage cross-selling opportunities with our expanded customer base. With the acquisition of Ross, Pivotal and IMI, we have, together with our other enterprise application software companies, approximately 4,000 customers worldwide which have licensed our products (which does not include the addition of more than 1,000 customers added as a result of our acquisition of c360 Solutions in April 2006). We believe that this large, global customer base provides a platform for cross-selling synergies within the group, and we plan on offering to individual customers the capability of purchasing from our group of related companies complementary product and service offerings. We further believe that our ability to approach individual customers is further enhanced with our greater global scale and global marketing presence.
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Target the markets in Japan and the PRC for enterprise application software, and leverage our experience and brand name in the Asia Pacific region. While we have clients worldwide, some of our key target markets will be Japan and the PRC. We believe that the potential growth of the enterprise software and business services market for mid-market manufacturing is significant in Japan and the PRC because many companies are re-locating their manufacturing operations to Asia Pacific due to lower overhead and labor costs, and because enterprise software products developed for the mid-market are more appropriate for the Japanese and the PRC markets due to the fact that in general, such products are easier to use, can be implemented rapidly and can be easily customized which helps to yield a low total cost of ownership; yet, such products can also be scaled with the growing needs of the customer.
China.com Inc. Business Unit
Our China.com Inc. business unit is engaged in providing mobile services and applications, online entertainment, direct marketing and Internet products and services. China.com Inc. business unit is comprised of two segments, “Mobile Services and Applications” and “Internet and Media”.
Our Mobile Services and Applications segment provides popular news and mobile applications services targeting the consumer market in China. We offer wireless services including Short Message Service (“SMS”), Multimedia Message Service (MMS”), Wireless Application Protocol (“WAP”) and Interactive Voice Response (“IVR”). We have established strong local direct connectivity with provincial mobile network operators in 31 provinces, which facilitates the marketing and promotional activities of our wireless services. Our mobile services and applications business is primarily operated through Newpalm and Go2joy, both of which are held through our subsidiary, China.com.
Our Internet and Media segment is focused on online entertainment and Internet products and services that target users in China and Chinese communities worldwide via our portal network (www.china.com andwww.hongkong.com). Included in the Internet and Media segment is our online games business hosting a wide assortment of games targeting the China market. The spectrum of games ranges from role playing games which create precise, rich and colorful virtual gaming worlds for online users, to online board games suitable for casual game players, to online poker games. Our online game platforms have reached approximately 20 million registered users in China. This segment also includes our Singapore-based travel trade publisher and organizer serving the travel and tourism industry in the Asia Pacific region.
Prior to 2005, our China.com Inc. business unit was organized in three segments, “Mobile Services and Applications”, “Advertising/Marketing” and “Others”. Advertising/Marketing segment was engaged in providing advertising and e-commerce services which are now included in the Internet and Media segment.
Products and Services
Mobile Services and Applications segment. We currently offer a comprehensive suite of mobile data applications, including dating, chatting, fortune telling, entertainment, information-related content and community services to mobile subscribers in China utilizing SMS, MMS, WAP and IVR services.
Revenues from our mobile services and applications segment increased by approximately 45% to US$34.4 million in 2005 from US$23.7 million in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, revenues from our mobile services and applications segment constituted 14% of total revenues in 2005 and 13% of total revenues in 2004.
Services. Our mobile data application products are available through a variety of services, including the following:
| • | | SMS. SMS is a communications protocol which allows users to access, download and communicate information consisting of fairly simple and short text messages through mobile phones. |
| • | | MMS. MMS uses General Packet Radio Service technology, or GPRS technology, and has a greater capacity than SMS. MMS transmits more data in a single message, enabling users to access and download color pictures, multi-tonal sounds and Flash files. |
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| • | | WAP. WAP is a set of communications protocols that standardizes the manner in which wireless devices (such as mobile phones) are used for Internet access. WAP allows users with WAP enabled handsets to browse content in a more user-friendly format on their mobile phones so that users can request and receive information in a manner similar to accessing information on Internet websites. WAP also uses GPRS technology, enabling users to access and download color pictures, multi-tonal sounds and Flash files. |
| • | | IVR. IVR provides users with voice content, such as celebrity voice greetings and news information. |
Products. Some of our more popular products available through the different services, include:
| • | | Mobile Dating. Our mobile dating services are subscription-based community services that provide dating and chatting platforms through which subscribers may meet and socialize, or arrange to meet in person, by sending wireless messages. Users can select a particular geographic location to meet friends and set criteria, including age, gender, hobbies and qualifications, for the friends they would like to meet. Some services combine a mobile platform with our Internet portals so that subscribers can conduct chat sessions with online subscribers or mobile subscribers. In addition, certain subscribers can record and upload video clips and/or photos onto online websites, which enhances the communication among our online and mobile subscribers. |
Mobile subscribers can access mobile dating services through SMS, WAP and IVR.
| • | | Fortune Telling. We offer a subscription and on-demand service that provides fortune telling and tips on one’s luck for the day. Users enter their birth dates and select fortune categories, such as relationships, general fortune or career that they would like to inquire. |
Mobile subscribers can access fortune telling through SMS, MMS, WAP and IVR.
| • | | Jokes. We offer jokes on both a subscription and on-demand basis. Users can subscribe to a fixed number of jokes to be delivered each day, or they can order on a per-joke basis, which is delivered on demand. We develop our daily jokes internally or select jokes submitted by users. |
Mobile subscribers can access jokes through SMS, MMS, WAP and IVR.
| • | | Mobile Games. We offer mobile games to subscribers. For Java based mobile games, subscribers can download these games to their handsets and play them with their handsets repeatedly. We offer these games through third party game developers. We also offer interactive network games of various types that we develop ourselves. |
Mobile subscribers can access mobile games through SMS, WAP and IVR.
| • | | Information-Related Services. We offer current information, such as stock quotes, news and local weather conditions, and entertainment related products such as music and celebrity voice greetings to subscribers on a subscription and on-demand basis. Most of the information distributed from our mobile platform is aggregated from content partners through revenue sharing arrangements. |
Mobile subscribers can access information-related services through SMS, MMS, WAP and IVR.
| • | | Pictures and Ringtones. We provide ringtone, picture and logo downloads through China.com’s portal and through a subscriber’s mobile handsets on a subscription and per download basis. |
Mobile subscribers can access pictures and ringtones through SMS, MMS, WAP and (for ringtones) IVR.
Internet and Media segment.Our Internet and Media segment is focused on online entertainment and Internet products and services that target users in China and Chinese communities worldwide via our portal network (www.china.com and www.hongkong.com). This segment also includes a Singapore-based travel trade publisher and organizer serving the travel and tourism industry in the Asia Pacific region. Internet and Media segment offers the following products and services.
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Revenues from our internet and media segment increased by approximately 10% to US$9.0 million in 2005 from US$8.2 million in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, revenues from our internet and media segment constituted 4% of total revenues in 2005 and 2004.
Online Games.17game, while accounted for on the equity basis of accounting in 2005, commercializes online games in the China market which includes operating the games and developing marketing and promotional strategies for the games. It has an extensive distribution network in China, including both online and offline channels, and collaborates with two of the largest data center services operators in China. 17game licenses and distributes three fantasy based MMORPGs, Yulgang, Travia and Droiyan. Yulgang, which was commercially launched in mid-July 2005, has experienced rapid growth and popularity. We believe the number of concurrent players will continue to increase with additional investments in marketing, technical enhancement and support.
The business model of Yulgang is different from traditional MMORPG business models because its revenue is generated from selling value-added virtual merchandise and services, rather than charging players fees for time spent playing the game. With strong point card sales since the commercial launch in mid-July 2005, we believe that this game will contribute a majority of our online games revenue in the second half of 2005. In addition, we expect there will be more synergies developed among our various businesses.
Portal.The services and products of our portal include online advertisement, search, enterprise service and mail services.
Travel and Trade Services.TTG publishes literature for the travel industry and organizes industry events. It is one of Southeast Asia’s most established information and access providers to the travel and tourism industry. TTG offers a wide range of travel and tourism media products, including publications, exhibitions, database management and Internet products. TTG also offers integrated marketing solutions and a platform for customers to showcase their products and services in the travel and tourism industry. TTG sells its products and provides services directly to its customers, such as travel associations and government agencies.
Competitive Strengths
We believe our principal competitive strengths in respect to our China.com Inc business unit include the following:
Integrated mobile and portal platforms. We offer a broad range of mobile products and services in China through our integrated mobile and portal platforms. We leverage our global exposure to introduce advanced mobile services and applications and to expand and enhance our product selections in China. In addition, we have made recent strategic investments, such as in Go2joy and 17game, to further enhance our capability to expand our product offerings and develop new products internationally.
Scalable, high-margin business model. Our mobile services and applications business is highly scalable with relatively low incremental operating costs. We have developed a cost-effective development and distribution platform. After incurring initial research and development costs for mobile services and applications, we can deliver such products to a large mobile subscriber base quickly and at a low cost.
Extensive China-wide network coverage with direct local connectivity. Our mobile services and applications are accessible to China’s large mobile subscriber base through our nationwide network coverage. We have direct local connectivity with China Mobile in 28 provinces and with China Unicom in 26 provinces. We believe our nationwide coverage facilitates our promotional activities. Our coverage also contributes to our high success rate for SMS, MMS, WAP and IVR messages sent, which enhances our revenues and financial position.
Recognized brand names in China. We believe our China.com brand is recognized throughout China, and we operate the www.china.com portal. As of May 19, 2005, Alexa, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, ranked www.china.com as 57th of all websites globally, and also ranked www.china.com as 14th among all simplified Chinese character websites, as measured by user traffic.
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Experienced management team. Our management team has extensive experience in our businesses. For example, our mobile services and applications management team has an average of over 15 years of experience in the mobile data applications market in China, and members of Newpalm’s management helped Motorola establish operations in China in the early 1990’s. We believe that our management’s extensive industry experience, combined with our dedication to and reputation for technical excellence, differentiates us from our competitors and provides us with a competitive advantage when introducing new mobile services and applications and recruiting new talent.
Goals and Strategy
Our goal for our China.com Inc business unit is to become one of the dominant providers of mobile services and applications in China and to emerge as a major player in the mobile services and applications sector. Further, we aim to be a leading portal and online game company in China. To achieve these goals, we intend to:
Pursue selective strategic acquisitions and investments to achieve greater scale. We intend to pursue selective strategic acquisitions and investments aimed at complementing our existing suite of operations.
Expand our product selection and integrate new services and applications. We intend to expand our existing products and services. We also intend to leverage our existing operation, interactive media and marketing platforms to identify and develop new services and applications with the potential to generate significant consumer demand. We plan to introduce new products and innovative technology from various international markets to capitalize on the long term growth opportunities in China. We also intend to access developed markets to source advanced and innovative technologies and applications from these markets to the China market.
Broaden our customer base. We have maintained strong relationships with leading mobile network operators in China, at both the national and local provincial levels, and our existing marketing channels. We intend to further develop these relationships to expand our existing products, broaden our customer base and increase our average revenue per unit. We also intend to use a variety of traditional media, including television, radio, newspaper and magazine advertisement, in addition to our existing marketing channels to enhance our marketing efforts.
Expand and develop our portal network. In 2005 and 2006, we placed, and are continuing to place, renewed emphasis on the development of ourwww.china.com portal network. We believe the portal network will play a critical role in driving synergies among our other related businesses, including our mobile services and applications and online games businesses, and will serve as a strategic and core business platform. We have begun to implement a repositioning strategy for the portal network to sharpen its vertical focus, and extend the depth of its product offerings in channels such as military, automobile and sports. We will be exploring cross-selling and cooperation opportunities between our business divisions in the areas of marketing and promotion, community building and mobile services and applications product sales.
Industry
In order to succeed in increasingly competitive environments, many enterprises have sought to implement broad enterprise software applications to automate their key business processes. Historically, these enterprise software applications, particularly those geared towards the needs of enterprise resource planning to help a manufacturer produce high-quality finished goods, were costly and complex, in part because they frequently required time-consuming custom programming and implementation. Many enterprises did not have the financial resources to implement these software applications and lacked the information technology expertise and infrastructure required to operate, refine and maintain the software. In addition to being costly and infrastructure intensive, many enterprises found the software applications too rigid to easily customize, difficult to adapt as business processes evolved through planning, and difficult for end-users to learn.
We believe that the enterprise software market has been undergoing a shift from generalized, one-size-fits-all, difficult to adapt and learn enterprise applications to focused, industry-specific applications that can be quickly installed at a lower upfront cost and maintained over the life of the system much more affordably because they require little, if any customization. We believe these industry-focused applications offer customers a more compelling return on investment in a
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more rapid timeframe and deliver significant improvements in total cost of ownership over traditional generalized enterprise applications. This shift has resulted in the creation of targeted applications that are economically viable for mid-sized as well as large enterprises.
We believe in a strategy of focusing on enterprise software applications which generally incorporate industry-specific business expertise, best practices and regulatory requirements which can significantly reduce or eliminate much of the expense and time required to customize these applications. These applications must often be implemented into mixed software infrastructures at reasonable cost with minimal disruption to business operations, so it is important to utilize flexible technologies and architectures and have the software be usable and deployable via the Internet. In order to address the evolving enterprise software market, in addition to tailoring applications to match the unique requirements of each customer, vendors must offer flexible pricing, architecture and deployment options. At the same time, these software applications must extend the reach of the business processes to include customers, partners, suppliers and employees.
Our China.com business unit also operates in an increasingly competitive environment. We are not the only company providing mobile services and applications, such as wireless services including Short Message Service (“SMS”), Interactive Voice Response (“IVR”), Multimedia Message Service (“MMS”) and Wireless Application Protocol (“WAP”), in China. We face increasing competition for subscribers, mobile services and applications, and content from companies such as: Sina Corporation, Sohu.com Inc., NetEase.com Inc., Tom Online Inc., Tencent.com Technology Limited, Linktone Ltd., Mtone Wireless Corporation and Kongzhong, as well as a number of smaller companies that serve China’s mobile services and applications market. In addition, in our portal business, our competition for user traffic, ease of use and functionality include Chinese and/or English language based Web search and retrieval companies, including AltaVista Co., Apple Daily, ChinaByte, FindWhat.com, Google, Inc., HotBot, HotWired Ventures, Lycos, Inc., Mingpao.com, MSN, Netease.com, Inc., Netvigator.com, Overture Services, Inc. (acquired by Yahoo!, Inc.), Shanghai Online, Sina Corporation, Sohu.com, Inc., Tom Online Inc. and Yahoo!, Inc. We also encounter increased competition from Internet service providers, Web site operators and providers of Web browser software, including Microsoft Corporation or Netscape Communications Corporation, that incorporate search and retrieval features in their products.
We believe that it is critical to our China.com business to maintain strong relationships with the leading mobile network operations in China, at both the national and local provincial levels, and our existing marketing channels. In order to be successful in the China market, vendors must continue to develop these relationships. We also believe in a strategy of developing our www.china.com portal network. We believe that our portal network will play a critical role in driving synergies among our other related businesses, including our mobile services and applications and online games businesses, and will serve as a strategic and core business platform.
Customers
We believe our large, global customer base is one of our competitive strengths. As of December 31, 2005, we cumulatively had approximately 4,000 customer companies worldwide which have licensed our products (which does not include the addition of more than 1,000 customers added as a result of our acquisition of c360 Solutions in April 2006), with approximately 1,200 customer companies worldwide at Ross, 2,000 companies around the world which have licensed Pivotal software, and 800 customers worldwide which have licensed our other enterprise application software businesses. Not all of our customers which have licensed our products, however, are active on maintenance. Our enterprise software application customers include many of the world’s leading companies. Ross’ customers include Pez Candies, Nucor Steel, Schenectady International, Summit Kluber, Acambis, Jennmar Corporation and Litehouse Foods. Pivotal’s customers include VISA International Asia Pacific, Morgan Keegan & Company, Vantage Credit Union, Centex Homes, Beazer Homes, Standard Pacific Homes, Savills UK, Premera Blue Cross, Qiagen, Sharp Electronics Corporation, and WellCare Health Plans. IMI’s customers include British Airways, Canadian Tire, GE Plastics, Mercury Marine and Royal Ahold.
Our CDC Software business unit targets large and mid-sized enterprises and divisions of larger enterprises, as well as selected target industries, as our principal customer base. We believe that the mid-enterprise market and divisions of larger enterprises continue to be underserved, and require vendor solutions which can address the special needs of this market, such as the need to quickly realize benefits and returns from the software investment, the ability to make modular purchase decisions, the availability of risk-mitigating implementation services, applications offering a full range of
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functionality, strong customization support, industry-specific solutions, low total cost of ownership, flexible pricing models, and strong support of widely used technologies (like Microsoft). Additionally, customers are much more sophisticated and have come to expect not just knowledge of enterprise software applications (like ERP or CRM), but additional deep industry expertise from their enterprise application vendor. As a result, we believe the group of industry-specific enterprise software applications we have assembled that meet many of a company’s industry-specific requirements out of the box are attractive to customers, and will be an important element of our enterprise application strategy going forward.
While we are a well established global company with strong market presence in North America, the United Kingdom, Western Europe and Australia/New Zealand, four of our key target markets for our CDC Software business unit, will be the Eastern Europe, Middle East, India and China markets where we have current customers, and which we believe have strong growth potential. We believe that we can increase the rate of our revenue growth by targeting the established market in Japan and the emerging market in China for enterprise application software.
Our China.com business unit generates revenues from its Mobile Services and Applications segment from a comprehensive suite of mobile data applications, including dating, chatting, fortune telling, entertainment, information-related content and community services to mobile subscribers in China utilizing SMS, MMS, WAP and IVR services. We rely on mobile network operators in China to bill mobile phone users for our subscription fees. We have revenue sharing arrangements with China Mobile and China Unicom under which we receive 70% to 85% of the subscription fee collected from a mobile subscriber, with the balance being retained by the mobile operators. In addition to our charges, the mobile operators separately charge their subscribers RMB0.05 to RMB0.25 for every SMS, MMS or WAP message sent. These amounts are collected by the mobile operators and are not shared with us.
As of January 1, 2005, in response to significant changes in the operation of the Mobile Services and Applications business in China, our China.com business unit is recording revenues from our mobile services and applications business on a “gross basis” (including the portion of the mobile services and applications revenue paid to mobile network operators as an addition to revenues and as an additional cost of revenues) rather than a “net basis” (excluding the portion of the mobile services and applications revenue paid to the mobile network operators).
Our China.com business unit derives our Internet and Media revenues from online and print advertising, and online entertainment and Internet products and services that target users in China via our portal network. 17game, while accounted for on the equity basis of accounting, generates revenues from pay-for-use subscriptions to our online games, or from sales of virtual merchandise and services that players may purchase for the roles they are playing in the game in order to improve their performance. The game players buy our pre-paid game cards through distributors. Each game card has a given set of points installed in it. The game player must activate their pre-paid game cards using access codes and passwords.
Sales
We sell our products and services through a variety of methods. Ross sells its products and services in the US and Western Europe primarily through a direct sales force. Pivotal sells its products and services in the US primarily through a direct sales force, and in the United Kingdom and France through a mixture of direct sales as well as indirect channels. At December 31, 2005, Ross, Pivotal and IMI had approximately 156 sales and marketing employees, collectively.
In other areas of the world, we sell our products through partners and distributors. At December 31, 2005, Ross, Pivotal and IMI had approximately 56 distributors collectively. Ross has distributors in various countries in the following regions: Asia (including China and Japan), Australia/New Zealand, Eastern and Western Europe, the Middle East, South America, and Southeast Asia. Pivotal has partners in various countries in the following regions: Asia (including China and Japan), Australia/New Zealand, Eastern and Western Europe, the Middle East, South America, and Southeast Asia. These independent members of Pivotal’s partner program embed, resell or distribute its products, comprised of original equipment manufacturers, consulting and professional services companies, progressive product development organizations, and regional consulting and sales agents that meet certain criteria. These partners and distributors pay royalties on the sales of products and maintenance services.
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c360 Solutions, which does not maintain a direct sales force, sells its products both directly through an online store and more than 450 authorized reseller partners worldwide. The acquisition of c360 occurred in April of 2006 and the operating results of c360 are not included in the consolidated financial statements for any of the years ended December 31, 2005.
In support of our sales force, partners and distributors, our enterprise application software subsidiaries conduct a variety of marketing programs which include telemarketing, direct mailings, online and print advertising, promotional material, seminars, trade shows, public relations and on-going customer communication. These subsidiaries also conduct a significant amount of marketing efforts using online channels including web-based seminars, online newsletters, and electronic direct mail, participate in industry, customer and analyst events, and hold local events to better meet the needs of prospects, partners, distributors and customers around the world.
We and our enterprise application software subsidiaries also conduct communications programs to establish and maintain relationships with key trade press and industry analysts. We have customer marketing teams targeted at working directly with our customers to obtain feedback and to track ongoing customer success stories. Our enterprise application software subsidiaries also hold joint web events with marketing partners and others, co-author business papers, and create and publish other materials that are of value to our customers and partners in making a decision to purchase a one of our products.
We believe that Asia/Pacific is a strategic market with significant upside for our company. CDC Software companies, Pivotal, Ross and Platinum China have been successful for many years in the Asia/Pacific market. As we bring the family of CDC Software companies into one we are leveraging the strengths of each organization to maximize return from the Asia/Pacific region. We have created a single country operation in each of the major markets (Japan, China, Australia) in Asia to represent our products. We have completed the translation and localization of our solutions for each of these major markets. We have a combination of direct and partner distribution that covers all markets in the region.
Our China.com Inc. business unit is focused on enhancing our relationships with China Mobile and China Unicom and launching promotions both through our portals and the general media. Currently, we have approximately 100 sales and marketing personnel who are located throughout China, including in Beijing, Nanjing, Shandong, Guangdong and Hangzhou, and maintain our relationships with China’s mobile operators at the national and local provincial level. Our primary sales and marketing initiatives in mobile services and applications include promotional activities through mobile operators, bundled access through partnerships with mobile operators and handset manufacturers, direct marketing through consumer portals likewww.china.com, and general media advertising in traditional media, including point-of-purchase promotions, newspaper and magazine advertisements, radio and TV advertisements.
Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and other similar measures to protect our proprietary information and technology. We do not currently hold any patents nor do we have any patent applications pending. There can be no assurance that any copyrights or trademarks held by us will not be challenged or determined to be invalid.
As part of our confidentiality procedures, we have policies of entering into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, corporate alliance members, customers and prospective customers. We also enter into license agreements with respect to our technology, documentation and other proprietary information. These licenses are nonexclusive and generally perpetual. We provide for source code escrow arrangements under some of our license agreements. Despite the efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain the use of our products or technology that we consider proprietary and third parties may attempt to develop similar technology independently. We pursue registration and protection of our trademarks primarily in the United States and Canada, although we do seek protection elsewhere in selected key markets. Effective protection of intellectual property rights may be unavailable or limited in some countries. Some countries, such as the People’s Republic of China, may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as in the United States and Canada. In particular, software piracy has been an issue in China for many software publishers, although we believe the complexity of our software products and the need to customize, maintain and upgrade such products mitigates the risk of software piracy. There can be no assurance that protection of our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology.
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Treasury Management
We generated $8.2 million of interest income in 2005, and as of December 31, 2005 our debt securities investment portfolio amounted to $148.2 million.
We invest on the basis of recommendations from international investment banks, as well as information and credit ratings provided by independent ratings agencies including Moody’s Investors Service and Standard & Poor’s. When purchasing or selling debt securities, our policy is to obtain between three and five competing quotes. Generally, a debt security’s credit quality depends on the issuer’s ability to pay interest on the amount borrowed and to repay principal. The lower the credit rating, the greater the risk the issuer will default or fail to meet their payment obligations, as determined by the rating agency. As of December 31, 2005, 97% of our debt securities were invested in AAA-rated securities of U.S. government sponsored enterprises or U.S. Treasuries. We also held AA and AAA-rated short-term corporate debt which matured in March 2006, representing 7% of our debt securities. At present, we hold only one security that is rated lower than AAA. In the event of a downgrade in an investment to BBB-, as rated by Standard & Poor’s, or Baa3, as rated by Moody’s Investors Service, we will generally implement an orderly sale of the security in order to maintain a relatively conservative stance in our portfolio, although on a case-by-case basis we may decide to retain such debt securities. For a summary of the effects of our treasury management program on our liquidity and capital resources and our material market risks, see Item 3.D – “Key Information – Risk Factors – Risks relating to treasury management”, Item 5.B – “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources” and Item 11 – “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”.
As of December 31, 2005, our investments in debt securities of $148.2 million are effectively reflected in our consolidated financial statements at their fair values, based on the market values of publicly traded debt securities. At the end of each quarter, if the end of the quarter fair value of a debt investment is below the original investment cost, the difference is charged to “accumulated other comprehensive income” under the shareholders’ equity section of our consolidated balance sheet. If the fair market value of any of our debt investments declines below its investment cost and the decline is considered “other-than-temporary”, the decline would then be reflected as an expense under “impairment of cost investments and available-for-sale securities” in our consolidated statement of operations.
As of December 31, 2005, we had generated a significant portion of our interest income from our investments in debt securities. Our interest income is a source of liquidity for our working capital needs. Of $8.2 million in interest income, $5.3 million was generated by our investments in debt securities. Our consolidated quarterly interest income ranged from approximately $1.9 million to $2.1 million during 2005. Of this, interest income from debt securities ranged from approximately $1.2 million to $1.4 million. This reflects an annual interest income of $5.3 million or a yield of 3.2% on the average balance of $164.1 million of debt securities between January 1 and December 31, 2005, compared to a yield of 2.7% in 2004. The yield on our debt securities increased from 2.7% in 2004 to 3.2% in 2005.
Markets and Operations
We operate in 14 countries across Asia Pacific, Australia, Europe, North America and South America.
Legal Proceedings
As of June 21, 2006, other than as set forth below, there was no material litigation pending against us. From time to time, we and our subsidiaries are a party to other litigation and claims incident to the ordinary course of business. While the results of such litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of such other matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Vertical Computer Systems/NOW Solutions LLC.In April 2003, Vertical Computer Systems (on behalf of itself and on behalf of NOW Solutions) filed a civil action against our subsidiaries Ross Systems, Inc. and others alleging, amongst other things, breach of contract, claims under contractual indemnifications and fraud arising from the sale of Ross’s HR/Payroll division to NOW Solutions in an amount of $3.5 million. In April 2003, Ross filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, which was granted in November 2003. The plaintiff appealed and its appeal was granted in
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October 2004. The matter has been remanded to the trial court for adjudication. The parties have engaged in and completed written and document discovery and have taken all material depositions. Meanwhile, the parties have filed their respective Notes of Issue and Certificates of Readiness for Trial, wherein each party has demanded a jury trial on all issues. The Court has scheduled a pre-trial conference for July 18, 2006. We believe that this action is without merit and we intend to vigorously defend such action.
Harry Edelson.In October 2003, Harry Edelson, a former member of our board of directors, brought an action at the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against us and Dr. Raymond Ch’ien and Mr. Peter Yip, two members of our board of directors, seeking injunctive relief and monetary damages in connection with alleged violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in connection with his failure to be re-elected to the board at our 2003 annual general meeting. In February 2004, Mr. Edelson filed an appeal to a decision by the District Court to dismiss the action. The appeal was denied in April 2005 by the Courts of Appeal for the Seventh Circuit. In May 2005, Mr. Edelson petitioned for a re-hearing en banc at the Courts of Appeals. The petition was subsequently denied. In October 2005, Mr. Edelson petitioned to the Supreme Court for a Writ of Certiorari to the Courts of Appeal’s decision and in February 2006 the Supreme Court denied to hear the petition. In February 2004, Mr. Edelson brought an amended action at the District Court against us based upon the same allegations seeking monetary damages. In June 2005, we filed a motion for summary judgment at the District Court, and in November 2005, the motion was granted in our favour. We believe that the actions brought by Mr. Edelson are without merit and we intend to vigorously defend such actions.
Class Action Lawsuit.A class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court, Southern District of New York on behalf of purchasers of our securities between July 12, 1999 (the date of our IPO) and December 6, 2000, inclusive. The complaint charges us and the underwriters in our IPO with violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint alleges that the prospectus used in our IPO was materially false and misleading because it failed to disclose, among other things, that (i) the underwriters had solicited and received excessive and undisclosed commissions from certain investors, in exchange for which the underwriters allocated to those investors material portions of the restricted numbers of our shares issued in connection with the IPO; and (ii) the underwriters had entered into agreements with customers whereby the underwriters agreed to allocate our shares to those customers, in exchange for which the customers agreed to purchase additional shares in the aftermarket at pre-determined prices. In June 2003, the plaintiffs in the consolidated IPO class action lawsuits currently pending against us and over 300 other issuers who went public between 1998 and 2000, announced a proposed settlement with us and the other issuer defendants. The proposed settlement provides that the insurers of all settling issuers will guarantee that the plaintiffs recover $1 billion from non-settling defendants, including the investment banks that acted as underwriters in those offerings. In the event that the plaintiffs do not recover $1 billion, the insurers for the settling issuers will make up the difference. Under the proposed settlement, the maximum amount that could be charged to our insurance policy in the event that the plaintiffs recovered nothing from the investment banks would be approximately $3.9 million. We believe that we have sufficient insurance coverage to cover the maximum amount that we may be responsible for under the proposed settlement. The independent members of our board of directors approved the proposed settlement at a meeting held in June 2003. As of March 2005, outside counsel advised that the court has granted preliminary approval of the settlement, subject to certain conditions.
Lam, Po Chiu Mark.In December 2003, Mr. Mark Lam filed a civil action against our subsidiary Ion Global (BVI) Limited alleging breach of contract in relation to a put option agreement under a share purchase agreement in an amount of $741,937. Pleadings closed in April 2004 when Lam filed its reply to the defense filed by Ion Global. The case was largely dormant until late 2005 when the plaintiff sought and was granted leave to amend his statement of claim and to join the Company as a party. The parties are now disputing procedural matters in connection with the service of the amended Statement of Claim and the amended defense. We believe that this action is without merit and we intend to vigorously defend such action.
Herkemij & Partners Knowledge.In April 2004 Herkemij & Partners Knowledge B.V., or Herkemij Knowledge, filed a civil action against our subsidiaries Ross and Ross Nederland alleging Ross and Ross Nederland developed a software program named iProject using documentation and source code from Herkemij Knowledge’s copyrighted Project Administration and Control System. The action includes counts for copyright infringement, misappropriation of trade secrets, and unfair competition and seeks, among other things, injunctive relief, damages totaling $5.0 million to $10.0
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million, and payment of royalties. In September 2004, the case against Ross Nederland was dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction, and in February 2005, a hearing was held in which the judge refused to dismiss the case against Ross, but transferred the case to the Northern District Court of Georgia in Atlanta. We believe that the action is without merit, and intend to vigorously defend such action.
Adding Value to Business Pty Ltd trading as Countrywide Systems Network (“Adding Value”). In December 2004, Adding Value filed a civil action against our subsidiary Praxa Limited alleging breach of contract, misleading and deceptive conduct and various equitable remedies in an amount of $993,000 plus interest and costs. In February 2006, the plaintiff paid security of costs in an amount of $22,700. On March 8, 2006, we filed and served a request for further and better particulars of the statement of claim and we received the plaintiff’s response to our request on April 11, 2006. We are currently preparing our defense and potential cross-claim against the plaintiff. We believe that the action by Adding Value is without merit and that we have a strong potential cross-claim. We intend to vigorously defend the action.
Mantech International Corporation and ManTech Australia International Inc.In October 2005, ManTech International Corporation and ManTech Australia International Inc, filed a civil action against our subsidiaries CDC Australia Limited and CDC Australia (Praxa) Pty Ltd alleging that CDC Australia failed to pay an amount of $3.7 million retained as part of the consideration for the acquisition of Praxa Limited. In late 2005, we filed and served a request for further and better particulars of the statement of claim and a request for the filing of security of costs. We believe that the $3.7 million was correctly retained by CDC Australia in accordance of the terms of the acquisition agreement. We believe that the action is without merit, and intend to vigorously defend such action.
C. | Organizational Structure |
CDC Corporation was incorporated in June 1997. The following table sets forth our significant subsidiaries organized by business unit as of April 30, 2006. Please note that the following table does not include our intermediate holding companies.
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• Ross Systems, Inc. • Pivotal Corporation • Industri-Matematik International Corp (51%) • Platinum China Holdings Inc.(holds OpusOne) • Ion Global (BVI) Limited • Praxa Limited • PK Information Systems Pty Ltd. • Software Galeria, Inc. (51%) (holds Ascent and the assets of Horizon) • MEZZO Business Databases Pty Limited • Assets acquired from JRG Software, Inc. • c360 Solutions Incorporated | | • NewPalm (China) Information Technology Co. Ltd. (held by Palmweb Inc.)* • Beijing He He Technology Co. Ltd. (held by Group Team Investments)* (operates Go2joy) • Beijing 17Game Network technology Co., Ltd* • TTG Asia Media Pte Limited* • chinadotcom Portals Limited* • hongkong.com Portals Limited* • Shenzhen KK Technology Ltd (held by United Crest Limited)* |
( ) | Denotes percentage ownership, if less than 100% |
* | Subsidiaries held under our 77% owned subsidiary, China.com, which is listed on the Growth Enterprise Market of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, or GEM.As at December 31, 2005 we owned 81% of China.com Inc. As of March 31, 2006, as a result of our acquisition of the remaining 52% of Equity Pacific Limited which ultimately owns Beijing 17game Network Technology Co Limited, we own 77% of China.com Inc. See Item 10.C – Material Contracts for a summary of the terms of the 17game acquisition. |
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Corporate Structure in China for our China.com Subsidiary
Overview
As at March 31, 2006, China.com, a 77% owned subsidiary of CDC Corporation, operates the following two business segments in China:
| - | | Mobile Services and Applications; and |
| - | | Internet and Media (including our Online Games business). |
China.com makes investments in each of these business units mainly through offshore holding vehicles registered in the British Virgin Islands or Cayman Islands.
Trust Deed Arrangements
To comply with legal considerations in China, China.com conducts a significant portion of the operations of these business units through domestically registered companies in China, referred as ICPs, which are held under trust deed arrangements under which the trustees are employees of China.com who are Chinese nationals and the offshore holding vehicles of China.com registered in the British Virgin Islands or Cayman Islands are the 100% beneficiaries of the trusts.
With respect to our Newpalm business, we have formed two ICPs, Beijing Newpalm Technology Co., Ltd., or Beijing Newpalm, and Beijing Wisecom Technology Co., Ltd., or Beijing Wisecom. Two of China.com’s employees, Mr. Wang and Mr. Cui, each own 50% of Beijing Newpalm and 50% of Beijing Wisecom, respectively. Beijing Newpalm and Beijing Wisecom are held under trust deed arrangements under which Mr. Wang and Mr. Cui also serve as trustees of the trusts, and Palmweb Inc. is the holding vehicle of China.com incorporated in Cayman Islands which is the 100% beneficiary of the trusts.
With respect to our Shenzhen business, the ICP is Shenzhen KK Technology Ltd., or Shenzhen KK. Two of China.com’s employees have ownership interests in Shenzhen KK with Mr. Fan and Mr. Cui each own 50% of Shenzhen KK. Shenzhen KK is held under trust deed arrangements under which Mr. Fan and Mr. Cui also serve as trustees of the trusts, and Unitedcrest Investments Limited is the offshore holding vehicle of China.com registered in the British Virgin Islands which is the 100% beneficiary of the trusts.
With respect to our China.com Portal business, the ICP is Beijing China.com Technology Services Co., Ltd., or Beijing China.com. Three of China.com’s employees have ownership interests in Beijing China.com with Mr. Wang and Ms. Wang each owning 40% of Beijing China.com and Ms. Wu owning 20% of Beijing China.com. Beijing China.com is held under trust deed arrangements under which Mr. Wang, Ms. Wang and Ms. Wu also serve as trustees of the trusts, and chinadotcom Portals Limited is the offshore holding vehicle of China.com registered in the British Virgin Islands which is the 100% beneficiary of the trusts.
With respect to our Go2joy business, the ICP is Beijing He He Technology Co., Ltd., or Beijing He He. Two of China.com’s employees have ownership interests in Beijing He He with Ms. Wang and Ms. Wu each owning 50% of Beijing He He. Beijing He He is held under trust deed arrangements under which Ms. Wang and Ms. Wu also serve as trustees of the trusts, and Double Keen Limited is the offshore holding vehicle of China.com registered in the British Virgin Islands which is the 100% beneficiary of the trusts.
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With respect to our 17game business, the ICP is Beijing Hulian Jingwei Technology Development Co., Ltd., or Beijing Inter Connected. Two of China.com’s employees have ownership interests in Beijing Inter Connected with Mr. Wang owning 70% of Inter Connected and Mr. Fan owning 30% of Inter Connected. Inter Connected is held under trust deed arrangements under which Mr. Wang and Mr. Fan also serve as trustees of the trusts, and Equity Pacific Limited is the offshore holding vehicle of China.com registered in the British Virgin Islands which is the 100% beneficiary of the trusts.
Licenses and Agreements
The ICPs each hold various types of licenses required by the regulatory authorities in China with respect to operating their respective businesses.
| • | | Beijing Newpalm, Beijing Wisecom, Beijing He He and Shenzhen KK each hold a license to provide SMS, MMS, IVR, WAP and other mobile services and applications to public subscribers in China. |
| • | | Beijing Newpalm, Beijing He He and Shenzhen KK each hold a nationwide license to provide mobile value added services, or MVAS in the PRC. |
During 2005, Beijing Newpalm continued to serve as the primary ICP within Newpalm. Previously, Beijing Newpalm had entered into agreements with China Mobile to provide services on China Mobile’s network and Beijing Wisecom had entered into agreements with China Unicom to provide services on China Unicom’s network. As the primary ICP within Newpalm, Beijing Newpalm continues to enter into various agreements with China Mobile to provide services on China Mobile’s network, and except for a few provinces, Beijing Newpalm has replaced Beijing Wisecom to renegotiate with China Unicom to provide services on China Unicom’s network.
Beijing He He has entered into agreements with China Mobile and China Unicom to provide MVAS services using either China Mobile’s or China Unicom’s network.
Shenzhen KK has entered into agreements with China Mobile to provide MVAS services using China Mobile’s network.
Beijing China.com holds an Internet Content Provider License and has been authorized to operate an Internet portal with the URLwww.china.com. Beijing China.com also holds various licenses which are attached to the Internet Content Provider License, such as an Internet advertisement license and an Internet news reporting license.
Beijing Inter Connected holds one Internet content provider licenses and has been authorized to operate two Internet portals with the URL www.17game.com. and the URL www.yxwz.com for all its online games. Beijing Inter Connected also holds various licenses which are attached to the Internet content provider license which are particularly applied for each game imported into and operated in China.
Use of Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises
The ICPs Beijing Newpalm and Beijing Wisecom (for Newpalm), Beijing China.com (for the China.com Portal) and Beijing He He (for Go2joy) act as the primary revenue generating entities of each business unit. In order to provide, among other things, more effective controls over such ICPs, each of the respective beneficiaries of the trusts under the trust deed arrangements for these business units has formed and invested in a wholly foreign owned enterprise, or WFOE, to act as a long term exclusive partner of the ICP. WFOEs are limited liability companies established under the Chinese Company Law, the shareholders of which are permitted to be 100% foreign.
As the long term exclusive partner of the ICP, the respective WFOE for the ICP provides technical and logistical support for the day to day operations of the ICP, including sales and marketing, billing, and administrative services. To facilitate the delivery of the technical and logistical support, the WFOE owns the physical assets, including servers, switches and computers, and employs the technical, sales and administrative personnel necessary to deliver these services. In exchange for such services, the WFOE charges the ICP a fee.
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The WFOE formed to provide services for Beijing Newpalm, Beijing Wisecom and Shenzhen KK is Newpalm (China) Information Technology Co., Limited, and such WFOE charges a fee of approximately 90% of the gross revenue of each of Beijing Newpalm, Beijing Wisecom and Shenzhen KK for its services.
The WFOE formed to provide services for Beijing China.com is Chinadotcom Communications Technology Development (Beijing) Limited, and such WFOE charged a fee for 2005 averaging approximately 49% of the gross revenue of Beijing China.com for its services.
The WFOE formed to provide services for Beijing He He is Beijing He He IVR Mobile Technology Ltd. For 2005, such WFOE had not charged Beijing He He a fee.
The WFOE formed to provide services for Beijing Inter Connected is Beijing 17game Network Technology Co., Ltd., and such WFOE is able to directly sell the final online game products to the consumers instead of charging a service fee via Beijing Inter Connected.
D. Property, Plants and EquipmentAs of March 31, 2006, our executive headquarters occupy approximately 2,500 square feet of gross office space under various leasing arrangements at Suite I, 5/F, Building A, East Gate Plaza, 9 Dongzhong Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China. As of March 31, 2006, we owned no real estate. Among our major subsidiaries:
| • | | Ross has its corporate headquarters, research and development, sales, marketing, consulting and support facilities in Atlanta, Georgia where it occupies approximately 27,000 square feet. Ross also maintains a leased facility for product development in San Marcos, California and maintains leased office space in the following additional locations: England (Northampton); The Netherlands (Zeist); and Spain (Barcelona). |
| • | | Pivotal maintains its principal, professional services, education and research and development facilities in Vancouver, British Columbia where it leases approximately 135,000 square feet of office space, approximately 71,400 square feet of which is sublet. The principal office for Europe, the Middle East and Africa is located in leased space shared with Ross and IMI in Northampton, England. Pivotal also has a development center in Bangalore, India in leased space. As of December 31, 2005, Pivotal has also leased offices in Auckland, New Zealand; Belfast, Northern Ireland; Paris, France; Tokyo, Japan; Toronto, Ontario; Atlanta, Georgia; Bethesda, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas; Mountain View, California; and Westborough, Massachusetts. Pivotal also leases shared workspaces in various locations in Australia, Europe and the United States. |
| • | | IMI has its principal product development facilities and its Nordic service, support, sales and marketing offices in Stockholm, Sweden in approximately 13,500 square feet of leased space. In addition, IMI also leases an aggregate of approximately 39,000 additional square feet of space elsewhere in Sweden in Globen, Linköping and Hässleholm. IMI also leases office space in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey. |
| • | | China.com maintains its administrative, marketing and development facilities in Beijing, Hong Kong and Singapore where it leases office space. China.com also leases office space elsewhere in China, including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Lanzhou, Liaoning, Nanjing, Sichuan and Tianjin, as well are in Korea. |
We and our subsidiaries also lease other office space in various other locations in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia and Australia. During the fourth quarter of 2005 and continuing into 2006, we elected to expand our remote work model to reduce our overall reliance on leased facilities. By the end of the second quarter of 2006, we expect to only occupy four offices in North America in Atlanta, Vancouver, Chicago and Mt. Laurel. The amount of cost benefit from this reduction in leased facilities will depend upon the success of our sublease program.
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ITEM 5. | OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS |
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on the Form 20-F/A. For a further discussion of the restatements, see the “Explanatory Note” at the beginning of this Form 20-F/A and Note 2 in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. As discussed above, the Company is amending its OriginalForm 20-F filed on June 21, 2006 for the year ended December 31, 2005 to restate its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005. This Annual Report on Form 20-F/A also includes the restatement of the selected financial data as of and for the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003. The restated selected financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 and the selected financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, have been derived from the audited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and reflect all adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of results for these periods. Effects of the restatement on the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 are reflected in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” below.
This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of factors including, but not limited to, those set forth under Item 3.D. of this Annual Report on the Form 20-F/A, “Key Information – Risk Factors” and Item 11 of this Annual Report, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”.
A. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
Overview
Products and Services
CDC Corporation, with facilities in the People’s Republic of China, North America, Europe and Australia, is a global provider of enterprise software, mobile services and applications and internet and media services. The Company offers the following products and services to customers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, the PRC and other parts of Asia, Australia, North America, New Zealand, South America, the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe:
| • | | Software. Our enterprise software business is a global provider of enterprise software applications and related services. Our products are designed to support and automate the processes of an organization to achieve company-wide integration of business and technical information across multiple divisions and organizational boundaries, such as finance, manufacturing, logistics, human resources, marketing, sales and customer service, by utilizing common databases and programs that share data real time across multiple business functions. Our products seek to help companies worldwide fulfill their business growth objectives through increased operational efficiencies, improved profitability, strengthened customer relationships and improved regulatory compliance. The software suite includes Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”), Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”), Supply Chain Management (“SCM”), Order Management Systems (“OMS”), Human Resources and Payroll Management (“HRM”) and Business Intelligence (“BI”) products. |
| • | | Business Services.The Company’s business services offering includes information technology services, eBusiness consulting, web development and outsourcing in Hong Kong, Australia, Korea, and the U.S., and a marketing database and marketing support service offered principally in Australia and New Zealand through Mezzo Business. The Company’s business services companies provide program management, outsourcing services, application development and ongoing support services using a wide range of technologies. These services are principally offered through our subsidiaries, Ion Global, Ascent SGI, Praxa and PK Information Systems. |
| • | | Mobile Services and Applications.Our mobile services and applications business provides news and mobile applications services targeting the consumer market in China. It offers wireless services including Short Message Service (“SMS”), Interactive Voice Response (“IVR”), Multimedia Message Service (“MMS”) and Wireless Application Protocol (“WAP”). We have established strong local direct connectivity with provincial mobile network operators in 29 provinces, which facilitates the marketing and promotional activities of our wireless services. Our mobile services and applications business is primarily operated through Newpalm and Go2joy, both of which are held through our subsidiary, China.com. |
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| • | | Internet and Media.Our Internet and Media business encompasses a range of businesses, including our Internet media business which is focused on online entertainment and Internet products and services that target users in China via our portal network (www.china.com and www.hongkong.com) and a Singapore-based travel trade publisher and organizer serving the travel and tourism industry in the Asia Pacific region operated by TTG. |
Our business model has evolved away from a pan-Asian Internet company over the past two years in large part through strategic acquisitions and investments. In the enterprise software area, we made two significant acquisitions in 2004. In February 2004, we acquired Pivotal, an international CRM software provider. In August 2004, we completed the acquisition of Ross Systems, Inc. (“Ross”), an internationally established process manufacturing ERP software provider. In the mobile services and applications business, in May 2004 we acquired Go2joy, a mobile services and applications provider in China. The contribution of Pivotal, Ross and Go2joy to our consolidated financial statements, combined with a full year of contribution in 2004 from companies acquired in 2003, have resulted in a significant increase in annual revenues in 2004 and 2005 as compared to 2003.
Competitive Advantages
Our competitive advantages in our two key segments, Software and Mobile Services and Applications, are:
Software
| • | | We offer a range of enterprise software products which enable businesses to increase revenues, margins and customer loyalty. |
| • | | We have developed industry products for specific industry segments (“micro-verticals”). |
| • | | Our products can be implemented rapidly, can be easily customized and are relatively easy to learn, all of which help to yield a low total cost of ownership but high return on investment. |
| • | | Our products can be scaled with the needs of our customers. |
Mobile Services and Applications
| • | | We have integrated mobile and portal platforms. |
| • | | We have a scalable, high-margin business model which allows us to deliver our products to a large mobile subscriber base quickly and at a low cost. |
| • | | We have extensive China-wide network coverage with direct local connectivity with China Mobile in 28 provinces and with China Unicom in 26 provinces. |
| • | | Our management team has extensive experience in the mobile data applications market in China. |
Key Trends and Uncertainties Affecting our Revenue and Results of Operations
The following trends are currently affecting our revenue and results of operations:
| • | | Improving Economic Conditions – Our operating performance for any period of time is impacted by global macroeconomic trends. An important factor affecting our ability to generate revenue is the effect of general economic conditions on our customers’ willingness to spend on our products and services. Over the past year as economic conditions have gradually improved, our customers have been more willing to invest in software products and services. It is not certain, however, whether economic conditions will continue to |
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| improve or whether enterprises will increase spending on enterprise software, business services, or our other product offerings in the near term. Although the global economy impacts all of our businesses, the Chinese economy in particular has an impact on our mobile services and applications business. There can be no assurance that growth of the Chinese economy will be steady or that any slow down will not have a negative effect on our business. The Chinese economy affects our results as customer spending on mobile services and applications depends on customers in less economically developed provinces of China being able to achieve income levels that allow them to spend on our services. |
| • | | Software Technology Changes– Our enterprise software products compete in a market characterized by rapid technological advances in hardware and software development, evolving standards in computer hardware and software technology and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. We continually seek to expand and refresh our product offerings to include newer features or products, and enter into agreements allowing integration of third-party technology into our products. Expanding and refreshing our product offerings impacts our results of operations because of continuing high levels of investment required in research and development. |
| • | | Changes in Operating Practices of the Mobile Operators in China– Recent changes in policies or guidelines of the mobile operators such as the change to new billing systems for 2G services which require users to make two confirmations to order services via the Internet or mobile phone, enable users to more easily cancel services and prevent service providers from billing inactive users for subscription-based services, or the recent change in billing policy on undeliverable MMS messages have resulted in and may further result in lower mobile services and applications revenues or additional operating costs for us. |
| • | | Higher Operating Expenses – We will continue to incur significant operating expenses in the foreseeable future as a result of (i) recurring acquisition-related expenses including amortization of acquired intangibles and stock compensation expense; (ii) research and development required to keep our enterprise software business competitive; and (iii) targeted investments in certain businesses. |
| • | | Lower Interest Income – Interest income, which has historically had a significant positive impact on our results, is expected to continue to decrease as a result of (i) continuing acquisitions and investments in our business which have reduced the overall cash balance over the past three years and will continue to reduce cash balances in 2006 and (ii) a continuation of our strategy of reducing the overall tenure of our investments in debt securities to shorter-term, highly rated securities. |
| • | | Higher Non-cash Tax Expense – In 2004, we incurred significant deferred tax expenses resulting from the utilization of deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carryforwards at Ross and Pivotal for which a valuation allowance had been made on acquisition. If future events allow us to realize more of our deferred tax assets than expected, an adjustment to these deferred tax assets would result in a reduction of goodwill and higher tax expense. |
We believe the following uncertainties exist regarding our results:
| • | | Ability to Integrate the Operations of Businesses Acquired –Our ability to realize cost savings, synergies or revenue enhancements may be affected by the extent, timing and efficiency with which we can consolidate operations, reduce overlapping personnel, and achieve compatibility or integrate acquired technology, all of which are difficult to predict. We may not be able to realize cost savings, synergies or revenue enhancements from such integration, and we may not be able to realize such benefits within a reasonable time frame. |
| • | | Ability to Increase Revenues – Although our revenue base has increased significantly as a result of the Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy acquisitions in 2004 and the Newpalm, Praxa and IMI acquisitions in 2003, if we are unable to continue to grow our revenues or experience a decline in revenues, our results will be negatively affected. Our ability to grow revenue depends on a number of factors including the speed with which we adapt to new technologies and introduce new products, regulatory actions, and the actions taken by our competitors. |
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| In our software business, our failure to successfully introduce, market and sell new products and technologies, enhance and improve existing products in a timely manner, and properly position or price our products, as well as undetected errors or delays in new products or new versions of a product or the failure of anticipated market growth could individually and/or collectively have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial position. In our mobile services and applications business, the imposition of fines or other penalties, such as a temporary suspension of service, for violation of current or future PRC laws, rules or regulations regarding Internet related services and telecom related activities, such as that experienced by our Go2joy subsidiary during 2004, can have a significant impact on our ability to generate incremental revenues. |
| • | | Ability to Manage Costs – Our cost base has also increased significantly as a result of the Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy acquisitions in 2004 and the Newpalm, Praxa and IMI acquisitions in 2003. In addition, we may incur significant integration costs which have and could continue to adversely affect our results of operations. If we are unable to manage costs and reduce operating expenses, our results will be adversely affected. |
| • | | Future Acquisitions– In the future, we may make additional acquisitions and could incur additional integration costs and acquisition-related charges which affect our results, including amortization of acquired intangible assets, deferred tax expense, write-offs of acquired deferred revenue, stock compensation expense, and restructuring expenses. |
Effect of acquisitions
During 2003 and 2004, we made the following material business acquisitions, by business segment, the results of which have been consolidated from the respective dates of acquisition. There were no material acquisitions during 2005.
Software
| | |
Acquired company | | Date |
Industri-Matematik International Corp. (“IMI”) | | September 2003 |
| |
Pivotal Corporation (“Pivotal”) | | February 2004 |
| |
Ross Systems, Inc. (“Ross”) | | August 2004 |
Business Services
| | |
Acquired company | | Date |
Praxa Limited (“Praxa”) | | February 2003 |
Mobile Services and Applications
| | |
Acquired company | | Date |
Palmweb Inc. (holds Newpalm (China) Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Newpalm”)) | | April 2003 |
Group Team Investments Limited (holds Beijing He He Technology Co. Ltd. (“Go2joy”)) | | May 2004 |
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Operating Segments and Discontinued Operations
We report operating results in four business segments, “Software,” “Business Services,” Mobile Services and Applications” and “Internet and Media”. During 2005 the Company reorganized these segments into two core business units, CDC Software and China.com Inc. The operations of Software and Business Services is included in the CDC Software business unit and the operations of Mobile Services and Applications and Internet and Media is included in the China.com Inc business unit.
In 2004, we reported operating results in five business segments, “Software,” “Business Services,” “Mobile Services and Applications,” “Advertising/Marketing” and “Others”. These segments were based primarily on the different production, manufacturing and other value-added processes that we performed with respect to our products and services and, to lesser extend, the differing nature of the ultimate end use of our products and services. Prior to 2004, we reported operating results in “Software and Consulting Services”, “Mobile Services and Applications”, “Advertising and Marketing Activities” and “Others”.
All amounts in this Annual Report on Form 20-F/A reflect the reclassification of the pre-2005 segments and the reclassification of certain discontinued components so that they are comparable with the current year’s presentation.
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Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our restated historical results of operations in U.S. dollars and as percentages of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Restated(1) | |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2003 | | | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
| | (in thousands, except percentage data) | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | $ | 12,891 | | | 17 | % | | $ | 107,648 | | | 59 | % | | $ | 158,804 | | | 65 | % |
Licenses | | | 1,157 | | | 1 | % | | | 28,581 | | | 16 | % | | | 38,541 | | | 16 | % |
Maintenance and consulting services | | | 11,734 | | | 15 | % | | | 79,067 | | | 43 | % | | | 120,263 | | | 49 | % |
Business Services | | | 40,477 | | | 52 | % | | | 42,927 | | | 24 | % | | | 42,686 | | | 17 | % |
IT products | | | 6,083 | | | 8 | % | | | 2,083 | | | 1 | % | | | 2,079 | | | 1 | % |
Consulting services | | | 31,159 | | | 40 | % | | | 37,308 | | | 20 | % | | | 37,139 | | | 15 | % |
Advertising | | | 3,235 | | | 4 | % | | | 3,536 | | | 2 | % | | | 3,468 | | | 1 | % |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | 16,876 | | | 22 | % | | | 23,694 | | | 13 | % | | | 34,389 | | | 14 | % |
Internet and Media | | | 5,606 | | | 7 | % | | | 8,173 | | | 4 | % | | | 8,995 | | | 4 | % |
Others | | | 2,001 | | | 3 | % | | | 10 | | | 0 | % | | | — | | | 0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 77,851 | | | 100 | % | | | 182,452 | | | 100 | % | | | 244,874 | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | | (9,588 | ) | | 12 | % | | | (46,725 | ) | | 26 | % | | | (68,070 | ) | | 28 | % |
Licenses | | | (362 | ) | | 0 | % | | | (3,486 | ) | | 2 | % | | | (6,750 | ) | | 3 | % |
Maintenance and consulting services | | | (8,995 | ) | | 12 | % | | | (39,754 | ) | | 22 | % | | | (55,792 | ) | | 23 | % |
Amortization of purchased technologies | | | (231 | ) | | 0 | % | | | (3,485 | ) | | 2 | % | | | (5,528 | ) | | 2 | % |
Business Services | | | (23,311 | ) | | 30 | % | | | (28,076 | ) | | 15 | % | | | (27,168 | ) | | 11 | % |
IT products | | | (5,318 | ) | | 7 | % | | | (1,879 | ) | | 1 | % | | | (1,671 | ) | | 1 | % |
Consulting services | | | (16,754 | ) | | 22 | % | | | (24,871 | ) | | 14 | % | | | (24,338 | ) | | 10 | % |
Advertising | | | (1,239 | ) | | 2 | % | | | (1,326 | ) | | 1 | % | | | (1,159 | ) | | 0 | % |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | (2,247 | ) | | 3 | % | | | (4,597 | ) | | 3 | % | | | (15,262 | ) | | 6 | % |
Internet and Media | | | (3,073 | ) | | 4 | % | | | (3,319 | ) | | 2 | % | | | (3,449 | ) | | 1 | % |
Others | | | (889 | ) | | 1 | % | | | — | | | 0 | % | | | — | | | 0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (39,108 | ) | | 50 | % | | | (82,717 | ) | | 45 | % | | | (113,949 | ) | | 47 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross margin and gross margin % | | | 38,743 | | | 50 | % | | | 99,735 | | | 55 | % | | | 130,925 | | | 53 | % |
| | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | (31,606 | ) | | 41 | % | | | (80,326 | ) | | 44 | % | | | (100,549 | ) | | 41 | % |
Research and development expenses | | | — | | | 0 | % | | | (13,825 | ) | | 8 | % | | | (22,605 | ) | | 9 | % |
Depreciation and amortization expenses | | | (6,829 | ) | | 9 | % | | | (8,919 | ) | | 5 | % | | | (9,937 | ) | | 4 | % |
Restructuring expenses | | | — | | | 0 | % | | | (3,760 | ) | | 2 | % | | | (1,667 | ) | | 1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | (38,435 | ) | | 49 | % | | | (106,830 | ) | | 59 | % | | | (134,758 | ) | | 55 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss | | | 308 | | | 0 | % | | | (7,095 | ) | | 4 | % | | | (3,833 | ) | | 2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 13,412 | | | 17 | % | | | 9,653 | | | 5 | % | | | 8,156 | | | 3 | % |
Interest expense | | | (1,070 | ) | | 1 | % | | | (1,895 | ) | | 1 | % | | | (1,257 | ) | | 1 | % |
Gain on disposal of available-for-sale securities | | | 4,599 | | | 6 | % | | | 167 | | | 0 | % | | | 525 | | | 0 | % |
Gain (loss) on disposal of subsidiaries and cost investments | | | (1,263 | ) | | 2 | % | | | 892 | | | 0 | % | | | 483 | | | 0 | % |
Other non-operating gains | | | 934 | | | 1 | % | | | — | | | 0 | % | | | — | | | 0 | % |
Other non-operating losses | | | (143 | ) | | 0 | % | | | — | | | 0 | % | | | — | | | 0 | % |
Impairment of cost investments and available-for-sale securities | | | — | | | 0 | % | | | (1,362 | ) | | 1 | % | | | — | | | 0 | % |
Share of loss in equity investees | | | (124 | ) | | 0 | % | | | (467 | ) | | 0 | % | | | (1,172 | ) | | 0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other income | | | 16,345 | | | 21 | % | | | 6,988 | | | 4 | % | | | 6,735 | | | 3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 16,653 | | | 21 | % | | | (107 | ) | | 0 | % | | | 2,902 | | | 1 | % |
| | | | | | |
Income tax benefit (expense) | | | 448 | | | 1 | % | | | (3,375 | ) | | 2 | % | | | (4,957 | ) | | 2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before minority interests | | | 17,101 | | | 22 | % | | | (3,482 | ) | | 2 | % | | | (2,055 | ) | | 1 | % |
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries | | | (2,257 | ) | | 3 | % | | | (925 | ) | | 1 | % | | | (1,409 | ) | | 1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | | | 14,844 | | | 19 | % | | | (4,407 | ) | | 2 | % | | | (3,464 | ) | | 1 | % |
| | | | | | |
Discontinued operations | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from operations of discontinued subsidiaries, net of related tax benefit | | | (1,203 | ) | | 2 | % | | | (610 | ) | | 0 | % | | | (47 | ) | | 0 | % |
Gain (loss) on disposal/dissolution of discontinued subsidiaries, net | | | 2,127 | | | 3 | % | | | (950 | ) | | 1 | % | | | (3 | ) | | 0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 15,768 | | | 20 | % | | $ | (5,967 | ) | | 3 | % | | $ | (3,514 | ) | | 1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which are included in this Amendment No.1. |
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Year ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year ended December 31, 2004
Net Revenues
Consolidated. Consolidated revenues increased 34%, or approximately $62.4 million, from $182.5 million in 2004 to $244.9 million in 2005. Consolidated net revenues increased primarily from the inclusion of Ross, Pivotal and Go2Joy for the full year in 2005 and increased sales volumes in certain key products discussed below. The table below sets forth the revenues from our principal business segments and revenues as percentages of our total revenues for the periods presented:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Restated(1) | |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
| | (in thousands, except percentage data) | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | $ | 107,648 | | 59 | % | | $ | 158,804 | | 65 | % |
Licenses | | | 28,581 | | 16 | % | | | 38,541 | | 16 | % |
Maintenance and consulting services | | | 79,067 | | 43 | % | | | 120,263 | | 49 | % |
Business Services | | | 42,927 | | 24 | % | | | 42,686 | | 17 | % |
IT products | | | 2,083 | | 1 | % | | | 2,079 | | 1 | % |
Consulting services | | | 37,308 | | 20 | % | | | 37,139 | | 15 | % |
Advertising | | | 3,536 | | 2 | % | | | 3,468 | | 1 | % |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | 23,694 | | 13 | % | | | 34,389 | | 14 | % |
Internet and Media | | | 8,173 | | 4 | % | | | 8,995 | | 4 | % |
CDC Games | | | 10 | | 0 | % | | | — | | 0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 182,452 | | 100 | % | | $ | 244,874 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which are included in this Amendment No.1. |
The following table sets forth the revenues contributed for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 by material subsidiaries acquired in 2004, by principal business segment:
| | | | | | |
| | Restated(1) |
| | Year ended December 31, |
| | 2004 | | 2005 |
| | (in thousands) |
Software -Ross, Pivotal | | $ | 71,821 | | $ | 119,514 |
Mobile Services and Applications -Go2joy | | | 2,055 | | | 2,538 |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 73,876 | | $ | 122,052 |
| | | | | | |
(1) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which are included in this Amendment No.1. |
Our top 10 customers accounted for 28%, 20% and 18% of our revenues for 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of the revenues during any of 2003, 2004 or 2005.
Software.Software revenues increased from $107.7 million in 2004 to $158.8 million in 2005 primarily due to the increased customer base during 2005 and full year inclusion of Ross and Pivotal, which were acquired in 2004. Collectively, these two companies contributed total revenues of $119.5 million in 2005. As a percentage of total revenues, this segment generated 65% of the total in 2005, increasing from 59% in 2004.
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License revenues increased from $28.6 million in 2004 to $38.5 million in 2005, an increase of $9.9 million, primarily due to the increased customers base during 2005 and full year inclusion of 2004 acquisitions in the Software segment. In 2005, the Software segment signed approximately 300 new customers. New customers represented approximately 40% of total license revenues while repeat customers represented approximately 60% of license revenues. New software sales were strong in global vertical industries including financial services, discrete and process manufacturing, and homebuilding. Maintenance and consulting services revenues increased from $79.1 million in 2004 to $120.3 million in 2005, an increase of $41.2 million, also due to a full year inclusion of 2004 acquisitions. As a percentage of total software revenues, license revenues comprised 24% of Software revenues in 2005 compared to 27% in 2004, and maintenance and consulting services revenues comprised 76% of the total in 2005 compared to 73% in 2004.
Business Services.Business Services revenues slightly decreased from $42.9 million in 2004 to $42.7 million in 2005 primarily as a result of the closure of our branch in Canberra, Australia, as a major government contract that supported the branch was not renewed. The revenue stream in both hardware sales and consulting services from this contract was lost in 2005, however revenues generated by other business units in the Business Services segment increased in 2005 due to new consulting projects. As a percentage of total revenues, this segment generated 17% of the total in 2005, decreasing from 24% in 2004 mainly due to the relatively higher revenue growth in other segments compared to the Business Services segment.
IT product revenues remained relatively stable at $2.1 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively, as our Business Services segment continues to focus on providing services rather than a mix of product and service sales. Consulting services revenues decreased from $37.3 million in 2004 to $37.1 million in 2005, a decrease of $0.2 million. During 2004 and 2005, Praxa Limited increased its focus on consulting services. In 2003 and 2004 third party hardware and software sales accounted for 38% and 8% of the company’s revenues, respectively. The decision to concentrate on services was due to the reduced margin on third party sales. Large consulting contracts were established with new clients as well as with new projects with existing clients. As a percentage of total Business Services revenues, IT product revenues comprised 5% of the total in 2005 and 2004, and consulting services revenues comprised 87% of the total in 2005 and 2004.
Revenues from advertising services remained relatively stable at $3.5 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively, as our Business Services segment continues to focus on providing software services rather than advertising services.
Mobile Services and Applications. Mobile services and applications revenues increased from $23.7 million in 2004 to $34.4 million in 2005, an increase of $10.7 million, primarily due to the full year inclusion of Go2joy, which was acquired in 2004 and other factors described below. As a percentage of total revenues, this segment generated 14% of the total in 2005, increasing from 13% in 2004.
Our product mix has continued to shift in 2005 as we grow new types of services in the areas of IVR and MMS that had been introduced in 2004. In 2004, sales of SMS services generated 81% of mobile services and applications revenues while revenues from IVR, WAP and MMS provided 10%, 7% and 2%, respectively. In 2005, SMS contributed 48% of mobile services and applications revenues, while revenues from IVR, WAP and MMS provided 24%, 20% and 12% of mobile services applications revenues, respectively.
Mobile services and applications revenues were negatively impacted in the second half of 2004 by tighter regulatory controls and enforcement by the mobile operators. Various service providers, including Go2joy, were sanctioned during this period. In 2005, revenues increased primarily due to the change, as of January 1, 2005, from a net (excluding the portion of the mobile services and applications revenue paid to the mobile operators) to a gross (including the portion of the mobile services and applications revenue paid to the mobile operators as an addition to revenues and as an additional cost of revenues) basis of presentation of revenues and costs of revenues in response to significant changes in operations of the mobile services and applications business in China. On a comparable gross basis, MVAS revenues increased 45% from $23.7 million in 2004 to $34.4 million in 2005 as this segment embarked on a diversification program for its MVAS services, moving away from SMS-based MVAS services, utilizing older technology, to Advance Mobile Products, which include MMS, IVR and WAP services, which allow for more advanced service offerings demanded by customers.
Internet and Media. Internet and Media revenues increased from $8.2 million in 2004 to $9.0 million in 2005, an increase of $0.8 million, primarily due to the increased Portal revenue as a result of targeted investments made in 2004 to establish the Portal as an influential player in China. As a percentage of total revenues, this segment generated 4% of the total in both 2005 and 2004, respectively.
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Others. We had no revenues from other products and services in 2005, a decrease from $0.01 million in 2004 and $2.0 million in 2003 primarily a result of scaling down the activities of under-performing and/or unprofitable businesses in this segment in 2003 and 2004.
Cost of Revenues
Consolidated. Consolidated cost of revenues increased 38%, or approximately $31.2 million, from $82.7 million in 2004 to $113.9 million in 2005. The increase in 2005 was primarily due to the full year inclusion of Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy, which were acquired in 2004. Gross margin percentage remained relatively stable and slightly decreased from 55% in 2004 to 53% in 2005. The following table sets forth the cost of revenues from our principal business segments and costs of revenues as a percentage of our total revenues for the periods presented:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Restated(1) | |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
| | (in thousands, except percentage data) | |
Cost of revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | $ | 46,725 | | 26 | % | | $ | 68,070 | | 28 | % |
Licenses | | | 3,486 | | 2 | % | | | 6,750 | | 3 | % |
Maintenance and consulting services | | | 39,754 | | 22 | % | | | 55,792 | | 23 | % |
Amortization of purchased technologies | | | 3,485 | | 2 | % | | | 5,528 | | 2 | % |
Business Services | | | 28,076 | | 15 | % | | | 27,168 | | 11 | % |
IT products | | | 1,879 | | 1 | % | | | 1,671 | | 1 | % |
Consulting services | | | 24,871 | | 14 | % | | | 24,338 | | 10 | % |
Advertising | | | 1,326 | | 1 | % | | | 1,159 | | 0 | % |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | 4,597 | | 3 | % | | | 15,262 | | 6 | % |
Internet and Media | | | 3,319 | | 2 | % | | | 3,449 | | 1 | % |
Other | | | — | | 0 | % | | | — | | 0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 82,717 | | 45 | % | | $ | 113,949 | | 47 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which are included in this Amendment No.1. |
The following table sets forth the cost of revenues contributed for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 by material subsidiaries acquired in 2004, by principal business segment:
| | | | | | |
| | Restated(1) |
| | Year ended December 31, |
| | 2004 | | 2005 |
| | (in thousands) |
Software -Ross, Pivotal | | $ | 27,220 | | $ | 46,954 |
Mobile Services and Applications -Go2joy | | | 591 | | | 1,248 |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 27,811 | | $ | 48,202 |
| | | | | | |
(1) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which are included in this Amendment No.1. |
Software.Cost of revenues from software sales increased from $46.7 million in 2004 to $68.1 million in 2005, an increase of $21.4 million, principally due to the full year inclusion of Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy, which we acquired in 2004. Collectively, cost of revenues for Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy were $48.2 million in 2005. As a percentage of software revenues, cost of revenues for software were relatively consistent at 43% of the total in 2005 and 2004.
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Cost of revenues for license sales increased from $3.5 million in 2004 to $6.8 million in 2005, an increase of $3.3 million, primarily as a result of our acquisitions in the Software segment. Cost of revenues for consulting services was $55.8 million in 2005, an increase of $16.0 million from $39.8 million in 2004. Amortization of purchased technologies increased $2.0 million to $5.5 million in 2005 compared to $3.5 million in 2004 due to the full year amortization in 2005 related to companies acquired in 2004. As a percentage of total license revenues, cost of license revenues comprised 18% of license revenues in 2005 compared to 12% in 2004. As a percentage of total maintenance and consulting services revenues, cost of maintenance and consulting services revenues comprised 46% of the total in 2005 compared to 50% in 2004.
Business Services. Cost of revenues in the Business Services segment decreased from $28.1 million in 2004 to $27.2 million in 2005, a decrease of $0.9 million, primarily as a result of the decrease in consulting services revenues in this segment. As a percentage of Business Services revenues, our cost of Business Services revenues decreased to 64% of the total in 2005 from 65% in 2004.
Cost of revenues from IT product sales decreased from $1.9 million in 2004 to $1.7 million in 2005, a decrease of $0.2 million, primarily as a result of our business services companies continuing to focus on provision of services in 2005. Cost of revenues for consulting services decreased from $24.9 million in 2004 to $24.3 million in 2005, a decrease of $0.6 million, primarily as a result of the closure of the Canberra branch reducing consulting staff by 13. Also, higher reliance on contract staff rather than permanent staff to fulfill short term consultancy needs, resulted in the decreased cost of revenues from IT products sales. As a percentage of total IT product revenues, cost of IT product revenues comprised 80% of the total in 2005 compared to 90% in 2004. As a percentage of total consulting services revenues, cost of consulting services revenues comprised 66% of the total in 2005 compared to 67% in 2004.
Cost of revenues from advertising services sales, historically included in Advertising/Media segment and reclassified in this Annual Report on form 20-F/A for the comparative purposes, decreased from $1.3 million in 2004 to $1.2 million in 2005, a decrease of $0.1 million, primarily as a result of lower volume in advertising services in 2005 compared to 2004. As a percentage of total advertising revenues, cost of advertising revenues comprised 33% of the total in 2005 compared to 38% in 2004.
Mobile Services and Applications.Cost of revenues from Mobile Services and Applications sales increased from $4.6 million in 2004 to $15.3 million in 2005, an increase of $10.7 million, primarily a result of the change from net to gross presentation of revenues and cost of revenues as described above. This change also caused a decrease in gross profit percentage, although the absolute amount of gross profit did not change. As a percentage of total Mobile Services and Applications revenues, cost of Mobile Services and Applications revenues comprised 44% of the total in 2005 compared to 19% in 2004.
Internet and Media. Cost of revenues from Internet and Media sales increased from $3.3 million in 2004 to $3.4 million in 2005, an increase of $0.1 million. The rate of increase in costs of revenues in this segment was lower than the rate of revenue increase in the same segment primarily as a result of revenues from our Portal services which have higher gross margins. As a percentage of total Internet and Media revenues, cost of Internet and Media revenues comprised 38% of the total in 2005 compared to 41% in 2004.
Operating Expenses
Consolidated. Total operating expenses increased from $106.8 million in 2004 to $134.8 million in 2005, an increase of $28.0 million or 26%, primarily due to a full year of contribution from Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy. Operating expenses were also impacted by acquisition-related expenses, including amortization of acquired intangibles, restructuring expenses, and stock compensation expense.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (“SG&A” expenses). SG&A expenses increased by $20.2 million, or 25%, to $100.5 million in 2005. The increase in SG&A expenses was principally a result of a full year of SG&A expenses from Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy in 2005. Collectively, Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy contributed $66.8 million of SG&A expenses in 2005.
As a percentage of revenues, SG&A expenses decreased to 41% of the total in 2005 from 44% in 2004. The decrease in SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenues in 2005 is attributable to the rationalization and integration initiatives at our corporate office and IMI and higher rate of increase in revenues compared to the rate of increase in SG&A expenses.
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Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased from $13.8 million in 2004 to $22.6 million in 2005, an increase of $8.8 million or 64%, principally as a result of the acquisitions of Ross and Pivotal in 2004.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased from $8.9 million in 2004 to $9.9 million in 2005, an increase of $1.0 million or 11%, primarily as a result of the acquisitions of Pivotal, Ross and Go2joy in 2004.
Restructuring Expenses. Restructuring expenses decreased from $3.8 million in 2004 to $1.7 million in 2005, a decrease of $2.1 million or 55%. See “Note 25- Restructuring Costs” in Item 18- Financial Statements for further discussion of restructuring expenses.
Interest Income
Interest income decreased to $8.2 million in 2005 from $9.7 million in 2004. The reduction was principally the result of the following factors: (i) earn-out payments related to past acquisitions during 2005 which reduced the overall cash balance during the year as compared to 2004 and (ii) a continuation of our strategy of reducing the overall tenor of our investments in debt securities to shorter-term securities. On a quarterly basis, our interest income ranged from approximately $1.9 million to $2.1 million.
As of December 31, 2005, we had generated nearly all of our interest income from $148.2 million in debt securities.
The treasury management program in 2005 involved investments in debt securities that were funded with our credit facilities. Our credit facilities and related risks are further disclosed under caption “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 5.B – Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
The weighted average interest rates on short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 were 2.0% and 3.6% per annum, respectively.
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased to $1.3 million in 2005 from $1.9 million in 2004. This decrease in interest was principally due to the decrease average balance in short-term loans outstanding during 2005.
Other Gains and Losses
Gain on disposal of available-for-sale securities was $0.5 million in 2005 compared to $0.2 million in 2004. We recorded a gain on disposal of subsidiaries and cost investments of $0.9 million in 2004 compared to $0.5 million in 2005. We had no other non-operating gains or losses in 2004 or 2005. We recorded $1.4 million in impairments on available-for-sale securities and cost investments in 2004, compared to no such impairments in 2005. We recorded a loss of $0.5 million for our share of losses in equity investees in 2004 compared to $1.0 million in 2005.
Income Taxes
We recorded $5.0 million in income tax expenses in 2005, compared to $3.4 million in 2004. The change was principally a result of a pretax income in 2005 compared to a pretax loss in 2004. In addition, the fluctuations in pretax income at the entity level in various taxing jurisdictions also affected the fluctuation in income tax expense in 2005 compared to 2004.
Net Income (Loss)
We generated a full year net loss of $3.5 million in 2005 compared to a net loss of $6.0 million in 2004, which represented a $2.5 million, or 42%, decrease from 2004. The principal factors contributing to the loss were (i) expenses related to the acquisitions in 2003, 2004 and 2005, including amortization of acquired intangibles and purchased technologies, restructuring expenses, deferred tax expenses and stock compensation expenses; (ii) an increase in operating expenses primarily as a result of acquisitions; and (iii) a decrease in other income as a result of share of loss in equity investees as well as lower interest income.
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In 2005, we generated a net loss from operations of discontinued operations of $0.05 million compared to $0.6 million in 2004. We recorded a net loss on disposal/dissolution of such discontinued operations of $0.003 million in 2005 compared to $1.0 million in 2004.
Year ended December 31, 2004 Compared to Year ended December 31, 2003
Net Revenues
Consolidated. The increase in consolidated net revenues during 2004 was principally a result of the acquisitions of Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy, as well as a full year of results from Newpalm, Praxa, PK Information Systems and IMI each of which we acquired in 2003. The following table below sets forth the revenues contributed for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 by material subsidiaries acquired in 2003, by principal business segment:
| | | | | | |
| | Restated(1) |
| | Year ended December 31, |
| | 2003 | | 2004 |
| | (in thousands) |
Software - IMI, Ross, Pivotal | | $ | 11,223 | | $ | 105,368 |
Business services –Praxa, PK Information Systems | | | 23,489 | | | 23,000 |
Mobile services and applications - Newpalm, Go2joy | | | 16,876 | | | 23,694 |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 51,588 | | $ | 152,062 |
| | | | | | |
(1) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which are included in this Amendment No.1. |
Software.Software revenues increased by $94.8 million, or 735%, from $12.9 million in 2003 to $107.7 million in 2004 due principally to the acquisitions of Pivotal and Ross in 2004 and a full year of IMI’s results which we acquired in September 2003. Collectively, these three companies contributed total revenues of $105.4 million in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, this segment generated 59% of revenues during 2004, increasing from 17% during 2003.
License revenues were $28.6 million in 2004, up $27.4 million from $1.2 million in 2003 primarily as a result of our acquisitions in the software segment. Maintenance and consulting services revenues were $79.1 million in 2004, up $67.4 million from $11.7 million in 2003, also as a result of acquisitions. As a percentage of total software revenues, license revenues comprised 27% in 2004 compared to 9% in 2003, and maintenance and consulting services revenues comprised 73% in 2004 compared to 91% in 2003.
Business Services.Business Services revenues increased by $2.4 million, or 6.0%, from $40.5 million in 2003 to $42.9 million in 2004 primarily due to improved revenues at PK Information Systems in Australia and our web integration businesses in Korea and San Francisco which was partly offset by lower revenue due to the closure of unprofitable offices in Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and China. This segment generated 24% of revenues in 2004, decreasing from 52% in 2003. The decline in the percentage of overall revenues was primarily a result of the increase in total revenue after the acquisitions of Ross and Pivotal.
IT product revenues were $2.1 million in 2004, down $4.0 million from $6.1 million in 2003 as our business services companies continue to focus on provision of services rather than a mix of product and service sales. Consulting services revenues were $37.3 million in 2004, up $6.1 million from $31.2 million in 2003. As a percentage of total Business Services revenues, IT product revenues comprised 5% of the total in 2004 compared to 15% in 2003, and consulting services revenues comprised 87% of the total in 2004 compared to 77% in 2003.
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Mobile Services and Applications. Mobile Services and Applications revenues increased by $6.8 million, or 40%, to $23.7 million in 2004 from $16.9 million in 2003. The increase in revenues was attributable to the full year of Newpalm’s results and the acquisition of Go2joy. This segment generated 13% of consolidated net revenues in 2004, decreasing from 22% in 2003 due to the increased amount of software revenues relative to total consolidated net revenues.
Our product mix shifted in 2004 as we introduced new types of services in the areas of IVR and MMS. In 2003, sales of SMS services generated 97% of mobile services and applications revenues with the remaining 3% generated by WAP services. In 2004, SMS contributed 81% of mobile services and applications revenues, while revenues from IVR, WAP and MMS provided 10%, 7% and 2%, respectively.
Mobile Services and Applications revenues were negatively impacted in the second half of 2004 by tighter regulatory controls and enforcement by the mobile operators. Various service providers, including Go2joy, were sanctioned during this period.
Internet and Media. Internet and Media revenues increased by $2.6 million, or 46%, to $8.2 million in 2004 from $5.6 million in 2003. The increase in Internet and Media revenues was primarily attributable to increased Portal revenue as a result of targeted investments made in 2004 to establish the Portal as an influential player in China. This segment generated 4% of our total consolidated revenues in 2004, decreasing from 7% in 2003. The decline in Internet and Media revenues as a percentage of total revenues is attributable primarily to the increase in Software revenues after the acquisitions of Ross and Pivotal.
Others. Revenues from other products and services were $0.01 million in 2004 compared to $2.0 million in 2003. The decrease was primarily a result of scaling down the activities of under-performing and/or unprofitable businesses in 2004.
Cost of Revenues
Consolidated. Consolidated cost of revenues increased from $39.1 million in 2003 to $82.7 million in 2004 principally due to the acquisitions of Pivotal and Ross and a full year results from IMI. The following table below sets forth the cost of revenues contributed for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 by material subsidiaries acquired in 2003, by principal business segment:
| | | | | | |
| | Restated(1) |
| | Year ended December 31, |
| | 2003 | | 2004 |
| | (in thousands) |
Software - IMI, Ross, Pivotal | | $ | 7,937 | | $ | 45,940 |
Business services –Praxa, PK Information Systems | | | 16,152 | | | 16,230 |
Mobile services and applications - Newpalm, Go2joy | | | 2,247 | | | 4,597 |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 26,336 | | $ | 66,767 |
| | | | | | |
(1) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which are included in this Amendment No.1. |
Software.Cost of revenues in the Software segment increased by $37.1 million, or 386%, to $46.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $9.6 million in 2003, principally as a result of the acquisitions of Pivotal and Ross and a full year of results from IMI. Collectively, cost of revenues for Ross, Pivotal and IMI were $45.9 million in 2004. As a percentage of software revenues, cost of revenues for software decreased to 43% in 2004 from 74% in 2003 mainly due to the addition of Ross and Pivotal, and decreases in cost of revenues at our existing software businesses.
Cost of revenues for license sales were $3.5 million in 2004, up $3.1 million from $0.4 million in 2003 primarily as a result of our acquisitions in the software segment. Cost of revenues for maintenance and consulting services was $39.8 million in 2004, up $30.8 million from $9.0 million in 2003. Cost of revenues for amortization of purchased technologies
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were $3.5 million in 2004, up $3.3 million from $0.2 million in 2003 primarily as a result of our acquisitions in the software segment. As a percentage of total license revenues, cost of license revenues comprised 12% in 2004 compared to 31% in 2003. As a percentage of total maintenance and consulting services revenues, cost of maintenance and consulting services revenues comprised 50% in 2004 compared to 77% in 2003.
Business Services.Cost of revenues in the Business Services segment increased by $4.8 million, or 21%, to $28.1 million in 2004 from $23.3 million in 2003, primarily as a result of the increase in consulting services revenues for the business. As a percentage of Business services revenues, our cost of revenues increased to 65% in 2004 from 58% in 2003 mainly due to a drop in the gross margin percentage at Praxa.
Cost of revenues for IT product sales were $1.9 million in 2004, down $3.4 million from $5.3 million in 2003 primarily as a result of our business services companies focusing on providing services, as opposed to providing products and services, in 2004. Cost of revenues for consulting services was $24.9 million in 2004, up $8.1 million from $16.8 million in 2003. As a percentage of total IT product revenues, cost of IT product revenues comprised 90% of the total in 2004 compared to 87% in 2003. As a percentage of total consulting services revenues, cost of consulting services revenues comprised 67% in 2004 compared to 54% in 2003.
Mobile Services and Applications.Cost of revenues in Mobile Services and Applications segment increased by $2.4 million, or 109%, to $4.6 million in 2004 from $2.2 million in 2003. This increase was primarily a result of the inclusion of a full year of Newpalm’s cost of revenues. Although this segment contributed 13% of total revenues in 2004, its gross margin of 81% resulted in cost of revenues of only $4.6 million, or only 6% of total cost of revenues for the company during 2004.
Internet and Media.Cost of revenues in Internet and Media segment increased by $0.2 million, or 6%, to $3.3 million in 2004, from $3.1 million in 2003. The gross margins in this segment have improved primarily as a result of revenues from our Portal which has a high gross margin. Consequently, as a percentage of total Internet and Media revenues, cost of revenues decreased to 41% of the total in 2004 from 55% in 2003.
Others. We incurred no cost of revenues from other revenue sources in 2004 compared to $0.9 million in 2003. The decrease is a result of scaling down the activities of under-performing and/or unprofitable businesses in 2004.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses increased by $68.4 million, or 178%, in 2004 to $106.8 million, from $38.4 million in 2003. The increase was primarily due to the Ross and Pivotal acquisitions during 2004, a full year of IMI’s operating expenses in the software segment, the acquisition of Go2joy in 2004 and a full year of Newpalm’s operating expenses in the mobile services and applications segment. Operating expenses were also impacted by acquisition-related expenses, including amortization of acquired intangibles, restructuring expenses, and stock compensation expense.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (“SG&A” expenses)
SG&A expenses increased by $48.7 million, or 154%, to $80.3 million in 2004. The increase in SG&A expenses was principally a result of the acquisitions of Ross and Pivotal in 2004, a full year of IMI’s SG&A expenses in the Software segment, the acquisition of Go2joy in 2004 and a full year of Newpalm’s SG&A expenses in the Mobile Services and Applications segment. Collectively, Ross, Pivotal and IMI contributed $57.6 million of SG&A expenses in 2004. Newpalm and Go2joy contributed $7.3 million of SG&A expenses in 2004.
As a percentage of revenues, SG&A increased to 44% in 2004 from 41% in 2003. The increase in SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenues is attributable primarily to the impact of the acquisition of Pivotal and inclusion of a full year of Newpalm’s results, both of which have high SG&A expenses as a percent of revenues.
Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses were $13.8 million in 2004, principally a result of the acquisitions of Ross and Pivotal in 2004 and inclusion of a full year of IMI’s results. We did not incur any research and development expenses in 2003.
Depreciation and Amortization.Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $2.1 million, or 31%, from $6.8 million in 2003 to $8.9 million in 2004. The increase was primarily due to the acquisitions of Pivotal and Ross in 2004.
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Restructuring Expenses. Restructuring expenses were $3.8 million in 2004 compared to Nil in 2003. In 2004, the restructuring expenses were related to IMI and Praxa Limited and Pivotal. At IMI, restructuring costs of $2.9 million were comprised of $1.9 million related to terminations of employees, $0.5 million for write-off of acquired software, $0.4 million related to closure of offices, and $0.1 million in other costs. At Praxa Limited, restructuring costs of $0.5 million were comprised of $0.3 million for terminations of employees, $0.2 in contract exit fees and other costs. At Pivotal, restructuring costs of $0.4 million were for accruals relating to the fair value of lease contract exit fees. IMI and pivotal are part of the Software segment and Praxa Limited is part of the Business Services segment.
Interest income
Interest income decreased to $9.7 million in 2004 from $13.4 million in 2003. The reduction was principally the result of the following factors: (i) acquisition of new businesses during 2004 which reduced the overall cash balance during the year as compared to 2003; (ii) lower prevailing interest rates in 2004 compared to 2003; and (iii) a continuation of our strategy of reducing the overall tenor of our investments in debt securities to shorter-term securities. On a quarterly basis, our interest income ranged from approximately $1.9 million to $2.8 million.
As of December 31, 2004, we had generated nearly all of our interest income from $179.9 million in debt securities.
The treasury management program in 2004 involved investments in debt securities that were funded with our credit facilities.
The weighted average interest rates on short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2003 and 2004 were 1.4% and 2.0% per annum, respectively.
Interest expense
Interest expense increased to $1.9 million in 2004 from $1.1 million in 2003. This increase in interest expense was principally due to an increase in short-term loans.
Other Gains and Losses
Gain on disposal of available-for-sale securities was $0.2 million in 2004 compared to $4.6 million in 2003. We recorded a gain on disposal of subsidiaries and cost investments of $0.9 million in 2004, compared to a loss of $1.3 million in 2003. We had no other non-operating gains or losses in 2004, compared to a non-operating gain of $0.9 million and a non-operating loss of $0.1 million in 2003. In 2004 we recorded $1.4 million in impairments on cost investments and available-for-sale securities compared to no such impairments in 2003. We recorded a loss of $0.5 million for our share of losses in equity investees in 2004 compared to $0.1 million in 2003.
Income taxes
We recorded $3.4 million of income tax expenses in 2004 compared to an income tax benefit of $0.5 million in 2003. This significant change was principally a result of the majority of our pretax income in 2003 being generated in non-taxing jurisdictions.
Net Income (Loss)
We generated a full year net loss of $6.0 million in 2004 compared to net income of $15.8 million in 2003, which represented a $21.8 million, or 138%, decrease from 2003. The principal factors contributing to the loss were (i) expenses related to the acquisitions in 2004 and 2003, including amortization of acquired intangibles and purchased technologies, restructuring expenses, deferred tax expenses and stock compensation expenses; (ii) an increase in operating expenses primarily as a result of acquisitions; and (iii) a decrease in other income as a result of impairment of investments and available-for-sale securities as well as lower interest income.
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During 2004, we generated net loss from operations of discontinued operations of $0.6 million compared to $1.2 million during 2003. We recorded a net loss on disposal/dissolution of such discontinued operations of $1.0 million in 2004 and a net gain of $2.1 million in 2003.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, goodwill and intangible assets, business combinations, capitalization of software costs, investments, accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred tax valuation allowance, stock based compensation, and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Our significant accounting policies are described in “Note 3- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Item 18- Financial Statements.
We believe the following critical accounting policies are some of the more critical judgment areas in the application of our accounting policies that affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Revenue Recognition
We generally recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable. If an acceptance period is required, revenues are recognized upon the earlier of customer acceptance or the expiration of the acceptance period. The Company’s agreements with its customers, resellers and distributors do not contain product return rights. If the fee is not fixed or determinable due to the existence of extended payment terms, revenue is recognized periodically as payments become due, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition are met.
We generate revenues from four primary sources: Software, Business Services, Mobile Services and Applications, and Internet and Media services. We recognize revenue in accordance with US GAAP. The specific literature that we follow in connection with revenue recognition is the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104Revenue Recognition, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position (“SOP”) 97-2,Software Revenue Recognition, as amended by SOP 98-9Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions, FASB Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 00-21,Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables, and in certain instances EITF No. 99-19,Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent and SOP 81-1,Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts.
In addition to these basic criteria, the following are the specific revenue recognition policies we follow for each major stream of revenue by reporting segment.
Software
We generate software revenues from the sale of software licenses, and the maintenance and services for such software licenses. Such sales often include a combination of software consulting and integration services, implementation training and maintenance services. We allocate the arrangement fee in these multi-element arrangements to each individual element using its relative fair value as based on vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”). VSOE is typically determined by the customary price charged for each element when sold separately after the application of any standard approved discount. In the case of an element not yet sold separately, VSOE is the price established by authorized management if it is probable that the price, once established, will not change before market introduction. Where fair value exists for all undelivered elements of the arrangement but not the delivered elements, we apply the “residual” method of accounting and defer revenue allocated to the undelivered elements while recognizing the residual revenue
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allocated to the delivered elements. In the absence of VSOE for any undelivered element, we defer the entire arrangement fee and recognize revenue when all undelivered elements are delivered assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met. We generally recognize revenues from services separately from license fees revenues because the service arrangements qualify as “service transactions” as defined by SOP 97-2. The factors considered in determining whether the revenues should be accounted for separately include the nature of the services and whether the services are essential to the functionality of the licensed product, availability of services from other vendors, and the impact of payment timing on the realizability of the software license fee.
Software license revenues are normally generated through licensing with end-users, value-added resellers (“VARs”) and distributors, and through the sale of the software with or incorporating third-party products. VARs and distributors do not have rights of return, price protections, rotation rights, or other features that would preclude revenue recognition. Pursuant to SOP 97-2, the fee relating to VARs transactions are not fixed or determinable until the software is sold by the VARs to the end users. Consequently the Company does not recognize any revenue for VARs transactions until all the criteria specified under paragraph 8 of SOP 97-2 are met which coincides with the sell-through to the end-users because at that point, the Company has persuasive evidence of an arrangement (signed contract with VARs), the fee is fixed or determinable, delivery has occurred and collection is reasonably assured. License revenues from distributors are calculated at an agreed upon percentage of the distributors’ net selling price to the end-user. We typically do not earn any portion of fees for services provided by the distributor to the end-user. We earn maintenance fees based on an agreed upon percentage of the maintenance fees that the distributor earns from the end-user. VARs have a sole discretion and responsibility to determine and negotiate the sales price of the Company’s software with the end-users. VARs are also responsible for billing and collecting from the end-users and assume all credit risks.
When software licenses incorporating third-party software products are sold or sold with third-party products that complement our software, we recognize as revenue the gross amount of sales of third-party products. The recognition of gross revenue is in accordance with criteria established in EITF 99-19 because we are ultimately responsible for the fulfillment and acceptability of the products purchased, have full latitude in establishing pricing and assume all credit and general inventory risks.
Revenues related to consulting and integration services and the provision of training services for software products are deferred and recognized as the services are delivered, assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
Revenues related to maintenance agreements on software products are deferred and recognized ratably over the terms of the agreements which are normally one year.
We make provisions for discounts and rebates to customers and other adjustments in the same period in which the related revenues are recorded. Such provisions are calculated after considering relevant historical data.
Recognition of revenues from the licensing of our software products requires management judgment with respect to determination of fair values and in determining whether to use the gross versus net method of reporting for certain types of revenue. The timing of our revenue recognition could differ materially if we were to incorrectly determine the fair value of the undelivered elements in an arrangement for which we are using the “residual” method. The composition of revenues and cost of revenues would change if we made a different assessment on the gross versus net method of reporting sales of software licenses which incorporate third-party software products.
Business Services
We generate business services revenues from information technology services, eBusiness consulting, web development and outsourcing.
We recognize revenues from time and materials outsourcing contracts as the services are delivered assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
We recognize revenues from the design, development and integration of Internet web sites and mobile phone devices using contract accounting based on either client acceptance of completed milestones or using the cost-to-cost
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percentage-of-completion method. We use the cost-to-cost method based on hours incurred as a percentage of the total estimated hours to complete the project because our historical experience has demonstrated that it produces a reliable indication of the progress on each engagement. We regularly reevaluate estimates of total projected contract costs and revise them if appropriate. Any adjustments to revenues due to changes in estimates are accounted for in the period of the change in estimate. When estimates indicate that a loss will be incurred on a contract upon completion, a provision for the expected loss is recorded in the period in which the loss becomes evident. Historically, we have not experienced material losses on fixed-price contracts. The majority of our contracts are short term in duration, and the use of the completed contract method would not result in a material difference in the timing of revenue recognition. Some projects include acceptance clauses requiring customers’ sign-off at the conclusion of the projects. Historically, we have not experienced projects where sign-off or acceptance has been withheld by a customer resulting in a material loss on a project. Recognition of revenues using contract accounting requires judgment with respect to the method used. The timing of our revenue recognition could differ if we were to use a different methodology for estimating progress to completion, such as an output method based on milestones for contracts where we currently use an input method such as hours incurred.
Revenues from Internet web site maintenance agreements are deferred and recognized ratably over the terms of the related agreements, which are usually for periods of six months or one year.
Database and marketing support services include list rental, database development and supply, data analysis and call center services. Revenue is recognized when the service or list has been delivered assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
Advertising revenues arising from direct mailing or placement of print advertising are recognized when the advertisements are sent or published, assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
We derive advertising and marketing services revenues from consulting services, marketing database and support services, online and print advertising, and our Internet media business which is focused on online entertainment and Internet products services that target users in China via our portal network.
Advertising and marketing consulting services revenues for fixed price contracts are recognized using the proportional performance method based on hours incurred. This method is specified in the contracts along with pricing, payment terms and project timetable. Revenues from time and materials outsourcing contracts are recognized as the services are delivered, assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
Mobile Services and Applications
We generate mobile services and applications revenues from a comprehensive suite of mobile data applications, including dating, chatting, fortune telling, entertainment, information-related content and community services to mobile subscribers in China utilizing SMS, MMS, WAP and IVR services. We rely on mobile network operators in China to bill mobile phone users for our subscription fees. We have revenue sharing arrangements with China Mobile and China Unicom under which we receive 70% to 85% of the subscription fee collected from a mobile subscriber, with the balance being retained by the mobile operators. In addition to our charges, the mobile operators separately charge their subscribers RMB0.10 to RMB1.00 for every SMS, MMS or WAP message sent. These amounts are collected by the mobile operators and are not shared with us.
Mobile services and applications revenues are recognized in the month in which the services are performed, provided that all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The mobile operators provide statements after month-end indicating the amount of fees that were charged to users for mobile services and applications services that we provided during that month and the portion of fees that are due to us in accordance with our contractual arrangements with the mobile operators. We typically receive these statements within 30 to 90 days following month-end, and we typically receive payment within 30 to 90 days following receipt of the statement. We also maintain an internal system that records the number of messages sent to and messages received from mobile users. Generally, there are differences between the expected value of delivered messages based on our system records and our portion of the fees confirmed by the mobile operators for the delivered messages. These differences may result from the user’s phone being turned off, problems with the mobile operators’ networks or our billing system or other issues which prevent delivery of our services to users. These are known in the industry as billing and transmission failures. We do not recognize revenues for services which result in billing and transmission failures. Billing and transmission failures can vary significantly from month to month, province to
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province and between mobile operators. At the end of each reporting period, where an operator fails to provide us with a monthly statement confirming the amount of charges billed to their mobile phone users for that month, we use the information generated from our internal system and historical data to make estimates of the billing and transmission failures and accrue as revenue the estimated amount of collectable mobile services and applications fees. If an actual discrepancy varies significantly from our estimate, it could result in an overstatement or understatement of revenues and costs of revenues.
We are also required to pay some of our content providers either monthly fee or a percentage of the revenue received from or confirmed by the mobile operators, with or without a minimum guaranteed payment, with respect to services incorporating the content providers’ products. In calculating the fees payable to these providers, we reduce the amount of the fee payable by our estimate of account billing and transmission failures which may have been applicable to the services incorporating these products. If we receive confirmation of billing or transmission failures which differ from our estimate after we make payments, we do not ask for refunds, make additional payments, or make adjustments with respect to fees payable for future periods. If the assumptions we use in making such estimates prove inaccurate, we may have paid, and may continue to pay, fees to such providers which are disproportionate to the amount we have been paid for the services.
Prior to 2005, we recognized mobile services and applications revenues net of the mobile phone operator’s share of revenue and uncollectible amounts because we considered the mobile operators to be the primary obligors based on the fact that the mobile operators set maximum prices that we could charge and that the mobile operators also had the right to set requirements and procedures associated with using their platform. Prior to 2004, we relied on the mobile operators to advertise our services, and customers were not necessarily aware the services to which they were subscribing were being provided by us because they did not receive confirmations after subscribing to such services. This situation changed in 2005 as a result of (i) beginning in 2005, a large portion of our revenues are being generated on a new transmission platform which requires direct confirmation of every service ordered by customers and makes it clear to customers that we are responsible for providing such services; (ii) a substantial increase in direct advertising of our services; (iii) enhanced ability to select suppliers due to a shift from primarily using internally-produced content to purchasing content; and (iv) changes in mobile operators’ practices such as shifting their credit risk to us by taking an additional percentage of revenues from the arrangement to cover expected bad debts. Based on these recent changes, we changed our revenue presentation to the gross method on a prospective basis as of January 1, 2005.
Recognition of mobile services and applications revenues requires judgment with respect to the estimation of revenues not yet confirmed by the mobile operators at the end of a period, and whether to use the gross versus net method of reporting revenue. The company regularly re-evaluates its EITF 99-19 assessment as the mobile services environment continues to evolve with the transition to new platforms and significant changes in the operating practices of the network operators. The composition of revenues and cost of revenues would change if we made a different assessment on the gross versus net basis of reporting. Our estimates also rely to some extent on our historical experience. We believe we have the ability to make reasonable estimates. However, material differences in the amount and timing of our revenue and cost of revenue could result during any period because of differences between the actual billing and transmission failure rate per the mobile operators’ statements and our estimates based on our internal records and historical experience, or if we were to use a different methodology for estimating the billing and transmission failure rate applicable to unconfirmed revenues. In the future we may also change our estimation methodology based on future experience or if there are changes in the manner in which the mobile operators confirm revenue.
Internet and Media
Revenue from internet and media mainly represents revenue from advertising, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which the advertisement is displayed, and when collection of the resulting receivable is probable, provided that no significant obligations of the Company remain. Advertising service fees from direct mailings are recognized when each advertisement is sent to a target audience.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Our long-lived assets include goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net intangible assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized. All other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
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Goodwill is assigned to reporting units based on the reporting unit classification of the entity to which the goodwill is attributable. We have determined our reporting units based on an analysis of our operating segments. In 2004, after acquiring Ross and Pivotal, we performed an assessment of our businesses and sub-divided our reporting units into additional reporting units based on (a) the nature of products and services; (b) the nature of the production process; (c) the type and class of customers; (d) the method to distribute products or provide services; and (e) the nature of regulatory environment. We reallocated goodwill among the new reporting units based on the relative fair value of each new reporting unit compared to the fair value of the reporting unit in which it was classified before the sub-division.
Intangible assets represent trademarks and service marks, uniform resource locators (“URLs”), software applications and programs, customer base and contracts, and business licenses and partnership agreements. Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows:
| | | | |
Trademarks | | Indefinite | | |
URLs | | 20 years | | |
Software applications and programs | | 2 to 15 years | | |
Customer base and contracts | | 1 to 10 years | | |
Business licenses and partnership agreements | | 1 to 7 years | | |
We test goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31. This testing, carried out using the guidance and criteria described in SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” compares carrying values to fair values at the reporting unit level and, when appropriate, the carrying value of these assets is reduced to fair value. Factors that could trigger an impairment charge include, but are not limited to, significant changes in our overall business or in the manner or use of the acquired assets, underperformance against projected future operating results, and significant negative industry or economic trends. Any impairment losses recorded in the future could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations for the periods in which such impairments occur.
During 2004 and 2005, we performed the required impairment tests on goodwill and intangibles with an indefinite useful life and were not required to record any impairment. Management judgment is required with respect to the identification of reporting units based on our internal reporting structure that reflects the way we manage our business or operations, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, and assigning goodwill to reporting units. Significant judgment is also required to estimate the fair value of reporting units including estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates, estimating the applicable tax rates, projecting future industry trends and market conditions, and making other assumptions. The use of different estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit. If we change our estimates and assumptions in the future based on changes in our overall business or in the manner or use of the acquired assets, underperformance against projected future operating results, or significant negative industry or economic trends, such changes might result in an impairment charge.
We also annually review and adjust the carrying value of amortized intangible assets if facts and circumstances suggest they may be impaired. If this review indicates that amortized intangible assets may not be recoverable, as determined based on the undiscounted cash flows of the entity acquired over the remaining amortization period, the carrying value of intangible assets will be reduced by the estimated shortfall in discounted cash flows. Management judgment is required in the assessment of useful lives of amortized intangibles, and our estimates of future cash flows require judgment based on our historical and anticipated results and are subject to many factors including our assessment of the discount rate used and the amounts and timing of future cash flows. During 2004 and 2005, we performed the required impairment reviews and were not required to record any material impairment on amortized intangible assets. The use of different estimates and assumptions might have resulted in an impairment charge, or might result in an impairment charge in the future. As of December 31, 2005, $65.6 million of our identifiable intangible assets were subject to amortization.
Business Combinations
We have made a number of acquisitions and may make strategically important acquisitions in the future. When recording an acquisition, we allocate the purchase price of the acquired company to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. For significant acquisitions we have obtained
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independent appraiser valuation reports to assist in determining the fair values of identifiable intangibles, including acquired technology, customer lists and trademarks. These valuations require us to make significant estimates and assumptions which include future expected cash flows from license sales and customer contracts and acquired technologies, discount rates, and assumptions regarding the period of time the acquired technology or customer relationships will continue. Such assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur which may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions and estimates.
In addition, acquired deferred revenue is recognized at fair value to the extent it represents a legal obligation assumed by us in accordance with EITF 01-03, “Accounting in a Business Combination for Deferred Revenue of an Acquiree.” We consider service contracts and post-contract customer support contracts to be legal obligations of the acquired entity. We estimate the fair value of acquired deferred revenue based on prices paid by willing participants in recent exchange transactions. At December 31, 2004 and 2005 we had deferred revenue balances of $35.4 million and $37.2 million, respectively, which is primarily related to our acquisitions during 2004 and 2005. Management judgment is also required in determining an appropriate fair value for deferred revenue. If the fair values we determined for deferred revenues acquired in prior years were lower, our revenue for the year would have been lower.
Capitalization of Software Costs
We capitalize computer software product development costs incurred in developing a product once technological feasibility has been established and until the product is available for general release to customers in accordance with SFAS No. 86, “Accounting for the Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed.” We evaluate realizability of the capitalized amounts based on expected revenues from the product over the remaining product life. Where future revenue streams are not expected to cover remaining unamortized amounts, we either accelerate amortization or expense the remaining capitalized amounts. Amortization of such costs is computed as the greater of the amount calculated based on (1) the ratio of current product revenues to projected current and future product revenues or (2) the straight-line basis over the expected economic life of the product (not to exceed five years). Software costs related to the development of new products incurred prior to establishing technological feasibility or after general release are expensed as incurred. When technological feasibility of the underlying software is not established until substantially all product development is completed, including the development of a working model, we expense the costs of such development because the impact of capitalizing such costs would not be material.
Management judgment is required with respect to the determination of technological feasibility and the determination of the expected product revenues used to assess realizability of the capitalized amounts. If we were to determine that technological feasibility occurs at a different stage of the process, we may capitalize more or less software development costs. If our assumptions about realizability were to change, our reported operating expenses could increase in the short-term by any amounts we write off. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, capitalized software development costs were $3.5 million and $10.3 million respectively, and related accumulated amortization totaled $0.5 million and $1.6 million respectively.
Investments
Debt and equity investments in available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value. Unrealized holding gain or loss, net of tax, on available-for-sale securities is reported in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and is included in a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses and any decline in fair value judged to be other-than-temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in gain (loss) on disposal of available-for-sale securities and impairment of available-for-sale securities, respectively. Gains or losses on sales of investments and amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings are computed based upon specific identification. Interest on securities classified as available-for-sale is included in interest income.
When determining whether an impairment of investments exists or a decline in value of an available-for-sale security is other-than-temporary, we evaluate evidence to determine whether the realizable value is less than the current market price for the securities. Such information may include the investment’s financial performance, the near term prospects of the investment, the current and expected future financial condition of the investment’s issuer and industry, and our investment intent. Management judgment is required in determining fair value of investments, and in determining whether an impairment is other-than-temporary. The use of different estimates and assumptions could affect the determination of fair value for each investment, and could result in an impairment charge.
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All other investments for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence (generally, when we have an investment of less than 20% ownership and no representation on the company’s board of directors) and for which there is not a readily determinable fair value, are accounted for using the cost method. Dividends and other distributions of earnings from equity investees or investments, if any, are included in income when declared. We periodically evaluate the carrying value of our investments accounted for under the cost method of accounting and any impairment is included in the consolidated statement of operations.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
As we have operations in many countries, there are variations in our credit terms between countries and between revenue segments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is established based on our credit control policies. Allowances are made based upon regular reviews of all significant outstanding invoices, and we make specific provisions for bad debts if there is strong evidence that the receivable is not likely to be recoverable. In addition, invoices not specifically reviewed are provided for at differing rates, based upon the age of the receivable. Generally, when an account receivable is 90, 120 or 180 days overdue, we establish a provision for bad debts equal to 25%, 50% and 100% of the amount of the accounts receivable, respectively. The determination of these rates is based on our historical collection experience and assessment of the economic environment in which the customer is situated. If our assessment and the data used to calculate the allowance for doubtful accounts does not reflect our actual ability to collect outstanding receivables, or if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate resulting in their potential inability to make payments, additional provisions for doubtful accounts may be needed, and future results of operations could be materially affected.
Deferred tax valuation allowance
We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets if, based on an estimate of our future taxable income, it is more likely than not that some or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, we had deferred tax assets of $85.6 million and $91.5 million, respectively. We provided a valuation allowance of $69.2 million and $77.1 million as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, to cover our deferred tax assets. Our largest deferred tax asset item relates to our loss carry-forwards. If future events, such as a sustained trend of profitability in companies with a history of generating losses, allow us to realize more of our deferred tax assets than the previously recorded net amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would increase our net income when those events occur, except with respect to acquired companies for which the realization of pre-acquisition deferred tax assets through a reduction of valuation allowance would reduce goodwill and would increase deferred tax expense. At December 31, 2005, a maximum of $59.9 million of the valuation allowance for which tax benefits are subsequently recognized will be allocated to reduce goodwill.
Stock-based Compensation
We account for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” (“APB 25”) and related Interpretations, and complies with the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” (“SFAS 123”). Under APB 25, stock compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the stock options based on the difference, if any, between the fair value of the underlying Company’s/China.com Inc’s shares at the date of grant and the exercise price of the stock options. While accounting for options under APB 25, the Company used the accelerated expense attribution method under FASB Interpretation No. 28, “Accounting for Stock Appreciation Rights and Other Variable Stock Option Award Plans”, to recognize the stock compensation expense. We grant stock options with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of grant and, accordingly, through December 31, 2005 no compensation expense had been recorded for stock options except for options which were issued as part of acquisitions. On January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R (revised 2004) “Share-Based Payment,” (“SFAS 123R”) pertaining to accounting treatment for employee stock options, which require us to treat the fair value of the stock options granted to employees as compensation expense. The Company expects that the adoption of SFAS 123R will have a material impact on its results of operations.
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Contingencies
We regularly assess the estimated impact and probability of various uncertain events, or contingencies, and account for such events in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies” (“SFAS 5”). Under SFAS 5, contingent losses must be accrued if available information indicates it is probable that the loss has been or will be incurred given the likelihood of the uncertain event, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
Management judgment is required in deciding the amount and timing of accrual of a contingency. For example, legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and in order to determine the amount of any reserves required, we assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes in pending and threatened litigation, as well as potential ranges of probable losses. As of December 31, 2005 we had $1.1 million accrued for legal fees and contingencies. We use internal and external experts, as necessary, to help estimate the probability that a loss has been incurred and the amount or range of the loss. A determination of the amount of loss accrual required for these contingencies is made after analysis of each individual matter. The amount of such accruals may change in the future due to changes in approach or new developments in each case.
Impact of Certain Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R (revised 2004) “Share-Based Payment,” (“SFAS 123R”) which is a revision or SFAS 123. SFAS 123R supersedes APB 25 and amends SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows.” The approach in SFAS 123R is generally similar to the approach described in SFAS 123. However, SFAS 123R requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statements of operations based on their fair values. Pro forma disclosure will no longer be an alternative.
We adopted SFAS 123R as of January 1, 2006 using the modified prospective method. Under this transition method, compensation cost is recognized beginning with the effective date (a) based on the requirements of SFAS 123R for all share based payments granted after the effective date and (b) based on the requirements of SFAS 123 for all awards granted to employees prior to the effective date of SFAS 123R that remain unvested on the effective date. As permitted by SFAS 123, through December 31, 2005 we accounted for share based payments to employees using APB 25’s intrinsic value method and, as such, generally have not recognized compensation cost for employee stock options. The Company expects that the adoption of SFAS 123(R) will have a material impact on its results of operations.
In June 2005, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 154 (“SFAS 154”), “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections.” SFAS 154 changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. This Statement requires retrospective application to prior periods’ financial statements of a voluntary change in accounting principle unless it is impracticable. In addition, this Statement requires that a change in depreciation, amortization, or depletion for long-lived, non-financial assets be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate effected by a change in accounting principle. This new accounting standard is effective January 1, 2006. The Company will apply the provision of SFAS 154 when applicable.
In September 2005, the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a final consensus on Issue 04-13, “Accounting for Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty”. EITF 04-13 requires that two or more legally separate exchange transactions with the same counterparty be combined and considered a single arrangement for purposes of applying APB Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions”, when the transactions are entered into in contemplation of one another. EITF 04-13 is effective for new arrangements entered into, or modifications or renewals of existing arrangements, in interim or annual periods beginning after March 15, 2006. The adoption of EITF 04-13 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In November 2005, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-1, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments,” (“FSP 115-1”), which provides guidance on determining when investments in certain debt and equity securities are considered impaired, whether that impairment is other-than-temporary and on measuring such impairment loss. FSP 115-1 also includes accounting considerations subsequent to the recognition of an other-than temporary impairment and requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses that have not been recognized as other-than-temporary impairments. FSP 115-1 is required to be applied to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005. We are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of FSP 115-1 will have on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition but we do not expect that it will have a material impact.
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In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140”. It allows financial instruments that have embedded derivatives that otherwise would require bifurcation from the host to be accounted for as a whole, if the holder irrevocably elects to account for the whole instrument on a fair value basis. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the instrument would be recognized in earnings. The standard also clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirement of SFAS 133; establishes a requirement to evaluate interest in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation; clarifies that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives; and amends SFAS 140 to eliminate the prohibition on a qualifying special-purpose entity from holding derivative financial instrument that pertains to a beneficial interest other than another derivative financial instrument. SFAS 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued by the Company after January 1, 2007. The Company is evaluating the effect of the adoption of SFAS 155. It is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
B. | Liquidity and Capital Resources |
The following table sets forth the summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | | | | | | Restated(1) 2005 | |
| | 2003 | | | 2004 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 13,195 | | | $ | 10,790 | | $ | 11,948 | |
Net cash provided by investing activities | | | 118,119 | | | | 3,629 | | | 8,614 | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | (108,959 | ) | | | 40,246 | | | (36,353 | ) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | | | — | | | | 33 | | | (696 | ) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 22,355 | | | | 54,698 | | | (16,487 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 33,153 | | | | 55,508 | | | 110,206 | |
Cash and cash equivalents as at end of period | | $ | 55,508 | | | $ | 110,206 | | $ | 93,719 | |
(1) | See Note 2, “Restatement of Financial Statements”, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements which are included in this Amendment No.1. |
During 2005, we generated positive operating cash flows. Our cash and cash equivalents decreased to $93.7 million as of December 31, 2005 from $110.2 million as of December 31, 2004, primarily as a result of the repayment of bank loans and earnout payments. This decrease in cash and cash equivalents was partly offset by the proceeds from maturities of available for sale securities and by the positive cash flows from our operating activities. At December 31, 2005, we held $148.2 million in available-for-sale debt securities, the majority of which are issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, which mature at various dates through 2008. Our total debt was $26.2 million at December 31, 2005 compared to $63.8 million at December 31, 2004.
Sources and Uses of Cash for the Year ended December 31, 2005
Operating Activities
Our net cash provided by operating activities was $11.9 million in 2005, compared to $10.8 million in 2004. Our cash flows from operating activities increased by 10% principally as a result of the following:
| • | | Net Loss– We incurred a net loss of $3.5 million in 2005 compared to net loss of $6.0 million in 2004, representing a $2.5 million year-over-year decrease. This decrease was due to (i) an increase in gross profit, (ii) a decrease in restructuring expenses, and (iii) non-cash expenses related to our acquisitions in 2004 which did not impact cash flows, including amortization of acquired intangibles and purchase technologies, deferred tax expense and stock compensation expense. |
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| • | | Accounts Receivable– Our accounts receivable balances increased by $12.5 million and $5.0 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Lower increase in accounts receivables in 2005 compared to 2004 is due to the acquisitions of Ross and Pivotal in 2004. |
Other factors that had a negative impact on the year-over-year change in cash flows from operating activities included the following:
| • | | Deferred Revenues– Our deferred revenues increased by $6.5 million and $3.8 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively, primarily from higher deferred revenues as a result of the acquisition of Ross and Pivotal in 2004. |
| • | | Accounts Payable, Tax Payable, and Other Liabilities– Certain of our payables balances increased after the acquisitions of Ross and Pivotal in 2004 resulting in cash inflows from these categories in 2004 compared to cash outflows in 2005. |
Investing activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $8.6 million in 2005, compared with $3.6 million in 2004. In 2005, large outflows included payments of $15.5 million for purchases of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired and $7.8 million in acquired intangible assets. These decreases in cash were more than offset by $30.6 million generated by maturity/disposal of available-for-sale securities. In 2004, large outflows of cash included payments of $112.7 million for purchases of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired, and $80.3 million for purchases of available-for-sale securities. These decreases in cash were offset by $212.1 million generated by maturity/disposal of available-for-sale securities.
Financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $36.4 million in 2005, compared with net cash provided by financing activities of $40.2 million in 2004. Cash used during 2005 consisted primarily of loan repayments of $42.5 million, partly offset by new loans of $5.1 million and issuance of common shares, mainly related to the stock options exercises, of $1.1 million.
Future cash requirements and sources of liquidity
Future cash requirements
In the future, we expect that our primary cash requirements will be to fund working capital including payment of contractual obligations and research and development expenses, repay debts, and fund contingent consideration payable for certain of our acquisitions.
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payments due by period, in thousands |
| | Total | | Less than 1 Year | | 1 –3 years | | 3-5 years | | More than 5 years |
Operating lease obligations (1) | | $ | 41,319 | | $ | 9,797 | | $ | 13,731 | | $ | 9,480 | | $ | 8,311 |
Short-term debt obligations | | | 26,249 | | | 26,249 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Pension liability | | | 1,673 | | | 1,673 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 69,241 | | $ | 37,719 | | $ | 13,731 | | $ | 9,480 | | $ | 8,311 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Operating lease obligations consist of future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases. |
In other areas, we expect our primary cash requirements for fiscal 2006 to be as follows:
| • | | Acquisitions – We may be required to make earnout payments relating to future acquisitions. |
| • | | Debt Repayments – During 2005, we used cash of $42.5 million to repay loans. The remaining balance at December 31, 2005 of $26.2 million is due in 2006. |
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| • | | Investments in our Business – In 2006, we will be spending on targeted investments in certain businesses such as CDC Software Asia Pacific and our Portal, as well as investing in research and development required to keep our software business competitive. |
Future sources of liquidity
We believe that cash flows from operating activities, combined with our existing cash and cash equivalents of $93.7 million and our available-for-sale debt securities of $148.2 million as of December 31, 2005, the majority of which will mature at various dates through 2008, will be sufficient to meet our future cash requirements described above.
The following table summarizes the expected maturity dates of our debt securities as of December 31, 2005:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Expected maturities, in thousands |
| | Total | | Less than 1 year | | 1 –3 years |
Unsecured fixed rate debt securities | | $ | 115,881 | | $ | 23,118 | | $ | 92,763 |
Secured fixed rate debt securities | | | 32,270 | | | 11,838 | | | 20,432 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 148,151 | | $ | 34,956 | | $ | 113,195 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Our ability to meet our expected cash requirements will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future, which is subject to financial, competitive, economic, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. If we do not generate sufficient cash from operations or do not otherwise have sufficient cash and cash equivalents, we may need to borrow against our lines of credit or issue other long- or short-term debt or equity, if the market and the terms of our existing debt instruments permit.
Lines of credit
We have primary lines of credit with two banks, Fortis Bank and Standard Chartered Bank, which provide for a maximum borrowing capacity of $350.0 million.
In August 2001, we entered into a line of credit agreement with Fortis Bank which provides for a maximum borrowing capacity of $250.0 million. The Company’s line of credit with Fortis Bank is a repurchase agreement pursuant to which the Company sold certain debt securities to the bank at a discounted price, and the bank agreed to sell the same debt securities back to the Company at that same price at the termination of the agreement. Throughout the term of the agreement, Fortis Bank will pay to the Company any income associated with the debt securities and the Company will pay to the bank interest calculated using the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 0.2% per annum.
In August 2004, we entered into a $100.0 million collateralized credit facility with Standard Chartered Bank under which the Company deposits certain debt securities as collateral in exchange for cash. During the term of the agreement, the bank maintains a charge on such debt securities. The bank will pay to the Company any income associated with the collateralized debt securities and the Company shall pay to the bank interest calculated using the LIBOR plus 0.3% per annum. In February 2005, this rate was renegotiated to LIBOR plus 0.2% per annum.
These banking facilities provide a source of reasonably priced capital and flexibility to finance operational working capital and acquisitions, without having to liquidate our investment portfolio at short notice. Since these banking facilities only allow us to borrow a percentage of our deposited collateral (usually 85%), our true borrowing capacity will be significantly less than the stated available credit line of $350.0 million, and our borrowing capacity would be affected if the value of our collateral were to decline. As of December 31, 2005, the carrying value of securities available for deposit as collateral was $115.9 million. At December 31, 2005, the unused portion of our lines of credit was $324.0 million.
Except for bank loans of $26.2 million to be repaid in 2006, these arrangements do not have termination dates, but are reviewed annually for renewal. We believe our lines of credit provide us with an important source of backup liquidity.
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Restrictions on our Liquidity
While we have cash and cash equivalents of $93.7 million and total debt securities of $148.2 million as of December 31, 2005, $49.3 million of the cash and cash equivalents and $81.0 million of the total securities are held at China.com, as of April 2006, an 77% owned subsidiary listed on the Growth Enterprise Market of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Although we have the ability to appoint a majority of the board of directors of China.com, the board of directors of China.com owes fiduciary duties to the shareholders of China.com to act in the best interests of and use the assets of China.com, including the cash and cash equivalents balance and securities, for the benefit of such shareholders. As a result, aside from the board of directors of China.com declaring a dividend to its shareholders for which we would receive a pro rata portion as an 77% shareholder of China.com or a related party inter-company loan or similar transaction from China.com to us which would likely require the approval of the minority shareholders of China.com, we have limited ability to transfer or move the cash, cash equivalents and securities balance to, or to use the amounts of the cash, cash equivalents and securities balance for the benefit of, CDC Corporation at the parent entity level or our other subsidiaries outside of the China.com chain of subsidiaries.
In addition to $93.7 million of cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2005, we hold $1.9 million in restricted cash which is pledged for banking facilities. Restricted debt securities comprise $32.3 million of our total debt securities of $148.2 million at December 31, 2005 as such securities are pledged as collateral pursuant to drawdowns under our credit and repurchase facilities.
Uncertainties regarding our liquidity
We believe the following uncertainties exist regarding our liquidity:
| • | | Ability to Grow Revenues and Manage Costs – Both our revenue and cost base have increased significantly as a result of the Ross, Pivotal and Go2joy acquisitions in 2004 and the Newpalm, Praxa and IMI acquisitions in 2003. If we are unable to continue to grow our revenues or experience a decline in revenues, or if we are unable to manage costs and reduce operating expenses, our ability to generate positive cash flows from operating activities in a sufficient amount to meet our cash needs would be adversely affected. |
| • | | Integrating the Operations of Acquired Businesses – Integration of our acquired businesses could affect our liquidity as continuing integration of the businesses and operations into ours may require significant cash resources. |
| • | | Future Acquisitions – Our existing cash and cash equivalents and net cash provided by operating activities may be insufficient if we face unanticipated cash needs such as the funding of a future acquisition. In addition, if we acquire a business in the future that has existing debt, our cash requirements for servicing debt may increase. |
Fair value of Financial Instruments
The total fair values of available-for-sale equity securities in listed companies as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 were $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, based on the market values of publicly traded shares as of December 31, 2004 and 2005.
The total fair values of our available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 were $179.9 million and $148.2 million, respectively, based on the market values of publicly traded debt securities and the estimated fair values of unlisted debt securities, as determined by management having regard to the prices of the most recent reported sales and purchases of the securities as of December 31, 2004 and 2005.
The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, deposits, prepayments and other receivables, accounts payable, other payables, purchase consideration payable, accrued liabilities, short-term debts and long-term debt approximate their fair values because of their short maturity.
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The fair value of our $25.0 million loan to Symphony, see Item 10.C. – “Additional Information – Material Contracts – Symphony Note”, was estimated at $24.6 million and $25.2 million at December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, based on discounting the future cash flows, considering borrowing rates available for loans with similar terms and maturity at December 31, 2004 and 2005.
The carrying amount of the variable portion of our variable long-term bank loans approximate their fair value because the interest rates of the loans are close to the prevailing bank interest rate.
C. | Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc. |
In 2004 and 2005, after acquiring Ross and Pivotal, we incurred significant research and development expenses. As discussed in Item 5.A – “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Capitalization of software costs”, we capitalize certain software development costs and expense others. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, research and development costs recorded in the statements of operations represented approximately nil, 8% and 9% of revenues, respectively. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, research and development costs in total, including costs which were capitalized, represented approximately nil of consolidated revenues in 2003 and 8% of consolidated revenues in 2004 and 9% of consolidated revenues in 2005. As part of our overall strategy to develop and introduce more proprietary products to sell across our business lines and service offerings, we anticipate that our research and development costs may increase on an absolute basis, but not as a percentage of overall revenues.
Our focus on the enterprise software and mobile services and applications industries has positioned us within industry sectors which continued to undergo rapid change over the course of fiscal 2005.
In our CDC Software business unit, we made progress during 2005 in our continued integration and focus on operational improvements in relation to our acquisitions of Pivotal and Ross made in 2004. Pivotal’s CRM front-office software and Ross’s comprehensive, modular suite of enterprise software have enlarged our product portfolio; however, we believe it will take several more quarters for us to leverage the synergies that we consider are inherent within our enlarged software businesses. We will continue to execute our software strategy through targeted acquisitions and investments in our CDC Software business unit and through entering strategic partnerships with leading software vendors.
In our China.com Inc business unit, the operating environment for the MVAS sector continued to be challenging in 2005, with sanctions and new policies imposed by the regulators and mobile operators. Our Short Message Service (SMS) business continued to be seriously impacted in 2005. We expect regulatory volatility to remain a characteristic of China’s mobile and communications industry for some time to come, so being nimble and able to proactively manage risks are essential factors of business sustainability. The addition in June 2005 of Shenzhen KK Technology Ltd, a MVAS provider in China, has broadened our service offerings and platform capabilities in nation-wide WAP businesses. Further, we continue to execute our online games strategy through the targeted buy-out of 100% of Equity Pacific Limited (which holds Beijing 17Game Network Technology Co. Ltd) in 2005 and early 2006, a leading massive multiplayer online role-playing games provider with a track record in launching and distributing online games in the China market. In the future, we may add investments in online game and mobile services and applications related companies which will allow us to broaden our service offerings, subscriber base, or platform capabilities.
In 2006, we expect continued growth in revenue in the software, business services, mobile services and applications, and internet and media segments as a result of targeted acquisitions and investments, developing strategic partnerships, product development and organic growth.
In light of the many risks and uncertainties surrounding our company and the geographies and markets in which we operate, shareholders, investors and prospective investors should keep in mind that we cannot guarantee that the forward-looking statements described in this Annual Report will or can materialize.
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E. | Off-balance Sheet Arrangements |
We do not have any outstanding derivative financial instruments, nor have we entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any unconsolidated third parties. We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity or similar arrangements that serve as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such an entity. Finally, we do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
F. | Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations |
See Item 5.B – “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Future cash requirements and sources of liquidity” above.
See “General Introduction – Forward-Looking Statements”.
ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
The consolidated financial statements of CDC Corporation were included as pages F-1 to F-62 of the Annual Report. The amended and restated consolidated financial statements of CDC Corporation are included as pages F-1 to F-70 of this Amendment No. 1, and the 17game Group Financial Statements are included as pages FF-1 to FF-20 of this Amendment No. 1.
PART II.
ITEM 15. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2005 (the “Annual Report”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2006, in the section entitled “Item 15—Controls and Procedures,” management stated its belief that as of December 31, 2005, the Company maintained disclosure controls and procedures that were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in its reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information was accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
After the Company filed the Annual Report, the Company identified errors in its previously filed consolidated financial statements and concluded that the Company’s financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 included in the Annual Report should be restated, as discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Amendment No. 1 on Form 20-F/A to the Annual Report (“Amendment No. 1”).
Subsequent to filing the Annual Report and in connection with the restatement of its financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, the Company reevaluated its disclosure controls and procedures. The evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of Company management, including its CEO and CFO, to assess the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including its CEO and CFO, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2005 because of material weaknesses in its internal controls over financial reporting. This conclusion is different from the conclusion disclosed in the Annual Report.
A material weakness is defined as a significant deficiency or a combination of significant deficiencies that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements would not be prevented or detected by company personnel in the normal course of performing their assigned functions.
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The Company has identified material weaknesses relating to insufficient resources with the appropriate level of expertise in the accounting and finance organizations to ensure appropriate application of GAAP, particularly in the areas of accounting for income taxes, foreign currency translation adjustments related to goodwill and intangible assets and the accounting for certain of the Company’s non-routine transactions. As discussed above these material weaknesses resulted in the restatement outlined in the explanatory note to this Amendment No. 1 and Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Amendment No. 1.
Remediation Plans for Material Weaknesses
Since 2006, the Company has implemented, or plans to implement, certain measures to remediate the identified material weaknesses and to enhance the Company’s internal control over its financial reporting processes. As of the date of the filing of this Amendment No. 1, the Company has implemented, or is in the process of implementing, the following measures:
| • | | Increased the size, expertise and training of its finance and accounting staff to include adequate resources for ensuring GAAP compliance, particularly in the areas of accounting for income taxes, foreign currency translation adjustments and the accounting for certain of its non-routine transactions. |
| • | | Assigned individuals with significant industry experience and increased the involvement of its senior finance team members in the preparation and review of financial statements. |
| • | | Integrated financial reporting and internal controls, including the continued implementation of its standard accounting information system across all locations. |
| • | | Enhanced its accounting policies and procedures to provide adequate, sufficient, and useful guidance to its staff in the area of routine and non-routine transactions. |
| • | | Corrected its methodologies with respect to calculating the provision for income taxes and foreign currency translation adjustments. |
| • | | Increased the level of interdepartmental communication in a way that will foster information sharing between its finance staff and operational personnel. |
| • | | Improved its financial organization and control environment. |
The Company believes that these remediation actions represent ongoing improvement measures. Additionally, the Company has commenced the implementation of the reporting requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. While the Company has taken steps to remediate its material weaknesses, the Company believes that, as of December 31, 2006, these steps were not adequate to fully remediate those material weaknesses and additional measures will be required. The effectiveness of these additional remediation efforts will not be known until the Company performs a test of these additional controls in connection with management’s tests of internal controls over financial reporting that the Company will undertake as of December 31, 2007.
Changes in Internal Controls
During the year ended December 31, 2005, other than the remedial actions discussed above which relate to the filing of this Amendment No. 1 and have been implemented or are in the process of being implemented since such date, there have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART III.
ITEM 18. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
The consolidated financial statements of CDC Corporation were included as pages F-1 to F-62 of the Annual Report. The amended and restated consolidated financial statements of CDC Corporation are included as pages F-1 to F-70 of this Amendment No. 1, and the 17game Group Financial Statements are included as pages FF-1 to FF-20 of this Amendment No. 1.
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| | |
No. | | Description |
1.1 | | Conformed copy of the Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association. *** |
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1.2 | | Conformed copy of Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association. **** |
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1.3 | | Conformed copy of the Amended and Restated Articles of Association. *** |
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1.4 | | Conformed copy of Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Articles of Association. **** |
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2(a).1 | | 1999 Employee Stock Option Plan, as amended. * |
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2(a).2 | | 2004 Employee Share Purchase Plan.** |
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2(a).3 | | Ross Systems, Inc. 1998 Incentive Stock Plan (assumed by CDC Corporation) ***** |
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2(a).4 | | 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended.yyyyy |
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4.(a).1 | | Share Purchase Agreement by and between CDC Mobile Media Corporation, hongkong.com Corporation and Palmweb Inc., dated March 14, 2003.++++++ |
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4.(a).2 | | Agreement and Plan of Merger among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc. and Ross Systems, Inc., dated as of September 4, 2003.++ |
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4.(a).3 | | Transition and Stock Vesting Agreement among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc., Ross Systems, Inc. and J. Patrick Tinley dated as of September 4, 2003.++ |
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4.(a).4 | | Transition and Stock Vesting Agreement among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc., Ross Systems, Inc. and Robert B. Webster dated as of September 4, 2003.++ |
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4.(a).5 | | Series B Preferred Share Purchase Agreement by and between Cayman First Tier and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
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4.(a).6 | | Shareholders Agreement by and among Cayman First Tier, Symphony Technology II-A, L.P. and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
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4.(a).7 | | Voting Agreement by and among Cayman First Tier, Symphony Technology II-A, L.P. and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
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4.(a).8 | | Put Option Agreement by and among Cayman First Tier, Symphony Technology II-A, L.P. and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
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4.(a).9 | | Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Cayman First Tier, adopted September 4, 2003.+++ |
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4.(a).10 | | Executive Committee Charter of Cayman First Tier, adopted September 4, 2003.+++ |
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4.(a).11 | | Revolving Credit Agreement by and between Cayman First Tier and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
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4.(a).12 | | Revolving Credit Agreement by and between Symphony Enterprise Solutions, S.ar.l and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
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4.(a).13 | | Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger between chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc. and Ross Systems, Inc., dated October 3, 2003.+ |
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4.(a).14 | | Guaranty dated as of September 8, 2003 from chinadotcom corporation.+ |
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4.(a).15 | | Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Cayman First Tier adopted November 14, 2003.y |
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4.(a).16 | | Amended and Restated Executive Committee Charter of Cayman First Tier adopted November 14, 2003.y |
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4.(a).17 | | Second Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc. and Ross Systems, Inc., dated January 7, 2004.yy |
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4.(a).18 | | Arrangement Agreement by and among Pivotal Corporation, chinadotcom corporation, a Cayman Islands corporation and CDC Software Corporation, dated December 6, 2003.yy |
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4.(a).19 | | Notice of Extraordinary General Meeting to be held on February 23, 2004 and Management Information Circular and Notice of Hearing of Petition for Arrangement under the British Columbia Company Act relating to a proposed arrangement involving Pivotal Corporation and its Common Shareholders and its Optionholders and CDC Software Corporation, dated January 20, 2004.yy |
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4.(a).20 | | Amended and Restated Arrangement Agreement by and among Pivotal Corporation, chinadotcom corporation, a Cayman Islands corporation and CDC Software Corporation, dated January 19, 2004.yy |
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4.(a).21 | | Third Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc. and Ross Systems, Inc., dated April 29, 2004.+++++++ |
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4.(a).22 | | Amendment to Share Purchase Agreement by and among CDC Australia Limited, Praxa Limited, Mantech International Corporation and Mantech Australia International Inc. dated February 10, 2003.yyyy |
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4.(a).23 | | Amendment to Preferred Stockholder Agreement by and among chinadotcom corporation, Ross Systems, Inc. and Benjamin W. Griffith, III dated January 31, 2004.+++++++ |
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4.(a).24 | | Share Purchase Agreement among Group Team Investments Limited, the Related Entity, Easybay Management Inc., Lu Dong and Chen Hang, Jane Lin, chinadotcom Mobile Interactive Corporation (only with respect to certain sections of the Agreement) and CDC International Mobile Limited dated February 25, 2004.yyyy |
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4.(a).25 | | Amendment Agreement Relating to Share Purchase Agreement among Group Team Investments Limited, the Related Entity, Easybay Management Inc., Lu Dong and Chen Hang, Jane Lin, chinadotcom Mobile Interactive Corporation (only with respect to certain sections of the Agreement) and CDC International Mobile Limited dated March, 2004.yyyy |
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4.(a).26 | | Asset Purchase Agreement between CDC Software Holding Corporation and JRG Software, Inc. dated January 20, 2006.yyyyy |
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4.(a).27 | | Asset Purchase Agreement, is made by and among CDC Global Services Inc., CDC Services, Inc. dba Horizon Companies, Horizon Companies, Inc., Trans Horizon Consulting (India) Ltd., and Horizon Software Services Inc., dated February 17, 2006.yyyyy |
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4.(a).28 | | Share Purchase Agreement among Prime Leader Holdings Limited, Tridal Pacific Limited, Skynet Global Limited, Hong Dai, Steve Xiaoming Zhao, Equity Pacific Limited, Beijing 17 Game Network Technology Ltd dated March 17, 2006.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).29 | | Stock Purchase Agreement among Ross Systems Inc., c360 Solutions Incorporated, John Gravely, Jeremie Desautels, Jeffrey L. Longoria, Sanin Saracevic, Lisa Patrick and Arvind Raman dated April 12, 2006.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).30 | | Amendment to Stock Purchase Agreement among Ross Systems Inc., c360 Solutions Incorporated, John Gravely, Jeremie Desautels, Jeffrey L. Longoria, Sanin Saracevic, Lisa Patrick and Arvind Raman dated April 17, 2006.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).31 | | Share Purchase Agreement among CDC Mobile Media Corporation, Unitedcrest Investments Limited, Shenzhen KK Technology Limited, CC Mobile Media Corporation, Zheng Hui Lan, Ye Yong Ning, Liang Yan, Ma Zhi Qiang, Zhang Zhi Gang and Palmweb Inc dated June 27, 2005.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).32 | | Supplementary Agreement relating to Share Purchase Agreement among CDC Mobile Media Corporation, Unitedcrest Investments Limited, Shenzhen KK Technology Limited , CC Mobile Media Corporation, Zheng Hui Lan, Ye Yong Ning, Liang Yan, Ma Zhi Qiang, Zhang Zhi Gang and Palmweb Inc dated June 29, 2005.yyyyy |
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4.(b).1 | | Cooperation Agreement on Short Message Services between China Unicom, Sichuan, and Beijing Newpalm Technology Co. Ltd.yyy |
| |
4.(b).2 | | Monternet SMS Cooperation Agreement.yyy |
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4.(c).1 | | Amended and Restated Executive Services Agreement (Executive Chairman) effective as of April 27, 2004, by and between china.com Corporation Limited and Dr. Raymond Kuo-Fung Ch’ien.yyyy |
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4.(c).2 | | Executive Services Agreement (Chief Executive Officer) effective as of April 27, 2004, by and between china.com Corporation Limited and Dr. Raymond Kuo-Fung Ch’ien.yyyy |
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4.(c).3 | | Termination and Release Agreement between CDC Corporation and Asia Pacific Online Limited effective July 15, 2005.yyyyy |
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4.(c).4 | | Option Transfer Agreement between CDC Corporation, Asia Pacific Online Limited and Peter Yip effective July 15, 2005.yyyyy |
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4.(c).5 | | Termination and Release Agreement between CDC Corporation, CDC Corporation Limited and Dr. Raymond Kuo-Fung Ch’ien effective August 30, 2005.yyyyy |
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6. | | Details of how EPS information is calculated can be found in Note 18 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.yyyyy |
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8. | | List of principal subsidiaries of the Company.yyyyy |
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12.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a).^ |
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12.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a).^ |
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13.(a).1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.^ |
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13.(a).2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.^ |
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15.(a).1 | | Consent of Ernst & Young.yyyyy |
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15.(a).2 | | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.yyyyy |
| |
15.(a).3 | | Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu.yyyyy |
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15.(a).4 | | Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu dated July 2, 2007.^ |
| |
15.(a).5 | | Consent of Ernst & Young dated July 2, 2007.^ |
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15.(a).6 | | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP dated July 2, 2007.^ |
| |
15.(a).7 | | Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu dated June 29, 2007.^ |
* | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form S-8 (File No.: 333-11288) filed with the Commission on December 7, 2000. |
** | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form S-8 (File No.: 333-123666) filed with the Commission on March 30, 2005. |
*** | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on September 18, 2002. |
**** | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on May 20, 2005. |
***** | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form S-8 (File No.: 333-118619) filed with the Commission on August 27, 2004. |
+ | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-109493) filed with the Commission on October 6, 2003. |
++ | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on September 5, 2003. |
+++ | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on September 15, 2003. |
++++++ | Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-109493) filed with the Commission on January 21, 2004. |
+++++++ | Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 4 to our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-109493) filed with the Commission on May 7, 2004. |
y | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on December 11, 2003. |
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yy | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on January 8, 2004. |
yyy | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form F-4/A (File No. 333-109493) filed with the Commission on January 21, 2004. |
yyyy | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on June 30, 2005. |
yyyyy | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on June 21, 2006. |
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SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F/A and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf on this 2nd day of July, 2007.
| | |
CDC CORPORATION |
(Registrant) |
| |
By: | | /s/ Peter Yip |
| | Peter Yip, |
| | Chief Executive Officer |
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of
CDC Corporation
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CDC Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows and shareholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We did not audit the consolidated financial statements of IMI Global Holdings Ireland Limited, a 51% owned subsidiary acquired in September 2003, and its subsidiaries for the period ended December 31, 2003 which statements reflect total assets constituting 4.0% and total revenues constituting 14.4% of the related 2003 consolidated totals. In addition, we did not audit the consolidated financial statements of China.com Inc., an 81% owned subsidiary, and its subsidiaries for the period ended December 31, 2005 which statements reflect total assets constituting 34.6% and total revenues constituting 17.7% of the related 2005 consolidated totals. Those statements were audited by other auditors whose reports have been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for IMI Global Holdings Ireland Limited and its subsidiaries and China.com Inc. and its subsidiaries, is based solely on the reports of the other auditors.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits and the reports of the other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, based on our audits and the reports of the other auditors, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of CDC Corporation and subsidiaries at December 31, 2004 and 2005, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005, in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles.
As more fully described in Note 2, the Company restated its consolidated financial statements for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005.
|
/s/ Ernst & Young |
Hong Kong |
June 20, 2006, except for the restatement described in Note 2, as to which the date is July 2, 2007.
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
CDC Corporation
In our opinion, the consolidated statements (not presented herein) of operations, of changes in stockholder’s deficit and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the results of operations and cash flows of IMI Global Holdings Ireland Limited and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) for the period from September 9, 2003 through December 31, 2003, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
|
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
Philadelphia, PA |
February 9, 2004 |
F-3
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors of China.com Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of China.com Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2005, and the related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows and shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income for the year then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of China.com Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As explained in note 19, these consolidated financial statements have been restated from those previously issued because of the correction of misstatements, due to the inappropriate application of the equity method of accounting for a change in the level of ownership of investment in affiliated companies, the failure to record the fair value of a put option relating to affiliated companies in 2004 and the subsequent changes in fair value of the put option in 2005, and the inappropriate application of foreign currency translation of goodwill and intangible asset amounts of its subsidiaries in the People’s Republic of China. As a result of this restatement, the equity in loss of affiliated companies decreased by US$405,000, investment in affiliated companies increased by US$405,000, derivative liability and net income increased by $144,000 and $16,000 respectively, opening accumulated profits decreased by $160,000, goodwill and intangible assets increased by US$1,673,000 and US$13,000 respectively, and accumulated other comprehensive loss decreased by US$1,686,000. The net effect of there restatements was to increase shareholders’ equity from $198,250,000 to $200,197,000 as at December 31, 2005 and to increase net income from $1,842,000 to $2,263,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005.
|
/s/ DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU |
Certified Public Accountants |
Hong Kong |
June 20, 2006 (June 29, 2007as to the effects of the restatement discussed in note 19)
F-4
CDC Corporation
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Restated, See Note 2 December 31, | |
| | Notes | | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | | $ | 110,206 | | | $ | 93,719 | |
Restricted cash | | 5 | | | 3,886 | | | | 1,886 | |
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $4,011 (Restated) and $4,112 (Restated) in 2004 and 2005, respectively) | | 6 | | | 44,294 | | | | 47,489 | |
Deposits, prepayments and other receivables | | | | | 10,012 | | | | 8,536 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | 7 | | | 94,259 | | | | 23,118 | |
Available-for-sale equity securities | | 12 | | | 527 | | | | 659 | |
Restricted available-for-sale debt securities | | 7 | | | 75,780 | | | | 11,838 | |
Deferred tax assets | | 18 | | | 1,353 | | | | 1,474 | |
Properties held for sale | | 27 | | | 2,992 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | | | 343,309 | | | | 188,719 | |
| | | |
Loan receivable | | 8 | | | 25,000 | | | | 25,000 | |
Interest receivable | | | | | 878 | | | | 1,628 | |
Property and equipment, net | | 9 | | | 7,964 | | | | 6,226 | |
Goodwill | | 10 | | | 201,738 | | | | 200,663 | |
Intangible assets | | 11 | | | 81,431 | | | | 73,574 | |
Investments in equity investees | | | | | 4,016 | | | | 5,999 | |
Investments under cost method | | | | | 220 | | | | 220 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | 7 | | | 9,900 | | | | 92,763 | |
Restricted available-for-sale debt securities | | 7 | | | — | | | | 20,432 | |
Deferred tax assets | | 18 | | | 15,074 | | | | 12,833 | |
Other assets | | | | | 4,341 | | | | 4,975 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | | | $ | 693,871 | | | $ | 633,032 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | | | $ | 13,697 | | | $ | 12,520 | |
Other payables | | | | | 4,219 | | | | 3,089 | |
Purchase consideration payables | | | | | 14,728 | | | | 1,229 | |
Accrued liabilities | | | | | 26,986 | | | | 24,369 | |
Restructuring accruals, current portion | | 26 | | | 3,060 | | | | 3,183 | |
Accrued pension liability, current portion | | 25 | | | 910 | | | | 1,673 | |
Bank loans | | | | | 63,781 | | | | 26,249 | |
Deferred revenue | | | | | 35,404 | | | | 37,178 | |
Income tax payable | | | | | 2,496 | | | | 2,579 | |
Deferred liabilities | | 18 | | | 426 | | | | 1,203 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | | | 165,707 | | | | 113,272 | |
| | | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | 18 | | | 19,217 | | | | 16,451 | |
Accrued pension liability, net of current portion | | 25 | | | 1,477 | | | | — | |
Restructuring accruals, net of current portion | | 26 | | | 5,989 | | | | 4,171 | |
Other liabilities | | | | | 322 | | | | 439 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | | | 192,712 | | | | 134,333 | |
| | | |
Minority interests | | | | | 51,183 | | | | 52,201 | |
| | | |
Contingencies and commitments | | 28 | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Shareholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | | | |
Preferred shares, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued | | | | | — | | | | — | |
Class A common shares, $0.00025 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized; 110,893,180 and 111,364,999 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively | | | | | 28 | | | | 28 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | | | 673,476 | | | | 676,003 | |
Common stock held in treasury; 1,766,552 and 1,602,737 shares at December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively | | | | | (4,067 | ) | | | (4,032 | ) |
Accumulated deficit | | | | | (224,616 | ) | | | (228,130 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | 14 | | | 5,155 | | | | 2,629 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | | | 449,976 | | | | 446,498 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities, minority interests and shareholders’ equity | | | | $ | 693,871 | | | $ | 633,032 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
CDC Corporation
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Restated, See Note 2 Years ended December 31, | |
| | Notes | | 2003 | | | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Licenses | | | | $ | 1,157 | | | $ | 28,581 | | | $ | 38,541 | |
Maintenance and consulting services | | | | | 11,734 | | | | 79,067 | | | | 120,263 | |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
IT products | | | | | 6,083 | | | | 2,083 | | | | 2,079 | |
Consulting services | | | | | 31,159 | | | | 37,308 | | | | 37,139 | |
Advertising | | | | | 3,235 | | | | 3,536 | | | | 3,468 | |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | | | 16,876 | | | | 23,694 | | | | 34,389 | |
Internet and Media | | | | | 5,606 | | | | 8,173 | | | | 8,995 | |
Others | | | | | 2,001 | | | | 10 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | | | 77,851 | | | | 182,452 | | | | 244,874 | |
| | | | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Licenses | | | | | (362 | ) | | | (3,486 | ) | | | (6,750 | ) |
Maintenance and consulting services | | | | | (8,995 | ) | | | (39,754 | ) | | | (55,792 | ) |
Amortization of purchased technologies | | | | | (231 | ) | | | (3,485 | ) | | | (5,528 | ) |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
IT products | | | | | (5,318 | ) | | | (1,879 | ) | | | (1,671 | ) |
Consulting services | | | | | (16,754 | ) | | | (24,871 | ) | | | (24,338 | ) |
Advertising | | | | | (1,239 | ) | | | (1,326 | ) | | | (1,159 | ) |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | | | (2,247 | ) | | | (4,597 | ) | | | (15,262 | ) |
Internet and Media | | | | | (3,073 | ) | | | (3,319 | ) | | | (3,449 | ) |
Others | | | | | (889 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cost of revenues | | | | | (39,108 | ) | | | (82,717 | ) | | | (113,949 | ) |
| | | | |
Gross profit | | | | | 38,743 | | | | 99,735 | | | | 130,925 | |
| | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | | | (31,606 | ) | | | (80,326 | ) | | | (100,549 | ) |
Research and development expenses | | | | | — | | | | (13,825 | ) | | | (22,605 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization expenses | | | | | (6,829 | ) | | | (8,919 | ) | | | (9,937 | ) |
Restructuring expenses | | 26 | | | — | | | | (3,760 | ) | | | (1,667 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | | | (38,435 | ) | | | (106,830 | ) | | | (134,758 | ) |
| | | | |
Operating gain (loss) | | | | | 308 | | | | (7,095 | ) | | | (3,833 | ) |
| | | | |
Other income (expenses): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | | | 13,412 | | | | 9,653 | | | | 8,156 | |
Interest expense | | | | | (1,070 | ) | | | (1,895 | ) | | | (1,257 | ) |
Gain on disposal of available-for-sale securities | | | | | 4,599 | | | | 167 | | | | 525 | |
Gain (loss) on disposal of subsidiaries and cost investments | | | | | (1,263 | ) | | | 892 | | | | 483 | |
Other non-operating gains | | | | | 934 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other non-operating losses | | | | | (143 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Impairment of cost investments and available-for-sale securities | | | | | — | | | | (1,362 | ) | | | — | |
Share of losses in equity investees | | | | | (124 | ) | | | (467 | ) | | | (1,172 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other income | | | | | 16,345 | | | | 6,988 | | | | 6,735 | |
| | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | | | 16,653 | | | | (107 | ) | | | 2,902 | |
Income tax benefit (expense) | | 18 | | | 448 | | | | (3,375 | ) | | | (4,957 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before minority interests | | | | | 17,101 | | | | (3,482 | ) | | | (2,055 | ) |
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries | | | | | (2,257 | ) | | | (925 | ) | | | (1,409 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | | | | | 14,844 | | | | (4,407 | ) | | | (3,464 | ) |
| | | | |
Discontinued operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from operations of discontinued subsidiaries, net of related tax benefit of $ 90 in 2003, Nil in 2004 and 2005 | | 20 | | | (1,203 | ) | | | (610 | ) | | | (47 | ) |
Gain (loss) on disposal/dissolution of discontinued subsidiaries, net | | 20 | | | 2,127 | | | | (950 | ) | | | (3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | | | $ | 15,768 | | | $ | (5,967 | ) | | $ | (3,514 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations | | 19 | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | (0.04 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share | | 19 | | $ | 0.16 | | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
CDC Corporation
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Restated, See Note 2 Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2003 | | | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 15,768 | | | $ | (5,967 | ) | | $ | (3,514 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries | | | 2,204 | | | | 925 | | | | 1,409 | |
Loss (gain) on disposal/write-off of property and equipment | | | 127 | | | | 1,055 | | | | (1,179 | ) |
Gain on disposal of available-for-sale securities | | | (4,599 | ) | | | (167 | ) | | | (525 | ) |
Loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries and cost investments | | | (2,596 | ) | | | 401 | | | | (483 | ) |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 3,177 | | | | 11,088 | | | | 13,238 | |
Depreciation | | | 5,293 | | | | 3,721 | | | | 3,866 | |
Stock compensation expenses | | | 328 | | | | 2,051 | | | | 1,421 | |
Share of losses in equity investees | | | 115 | | | | 468 | | | | 1,172 | |
Impairment of cost investments and available-for-sale securities — | | | | | | | 1,362 | | | | — | |
Deferred provision for income taxes | | | 150 | | | | 1,731 | | | | 3,650 | |
Expenses settled by issuance of shares | | | — | | | | 1,612 | | | | — | |
Accreted interest income | | | — | | | | — | | | | (390 | ) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | 9,486 | | | | (12,485 | ) | | | (5,024 | ) |
Deposits, prepayments and other receivables | | | 3,144 | | | | 3,545 | | | | 1,210 | |
Other assets | | | 1,794 | | | | 200 | | | | (1,500 | ) |
Accounts payable | | | (7,413 | ) | | | 88 | | | | (419 | ) |
Accrued liabilities | | | (4,006 | ) | | | (6,159 | ) | | | (2,971 | ) |
Other payables | | | (8,505 | ) | | | (444 | ) | | | (956 | ) |
Deferred revenue | | | (557 | ) | | | 6,483 | | | | 3,822 | |
Amounts due to related parties | | | (715 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Income tax payable | | | — | | | | 1,644 | | | | (561 | ) |
Accrued pension liability | | | — | | | | (683 | ) | | | (707 | ) |
Other liabilities | | | — | | | | 321 | | | | 389 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 13,195 | | | $ | 10,790 | | | $ | 11,948 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired | | $ | (13,446 | ) | | $ | (112,724 | ) | | $ | (15,537 | ) |
Purchases of property and equipment | | | (1,551 | ) | | | (3,661 | ) | | | (3,730 | ) |
Acquisition of equity investees | | | — | | | | (4,000 | ) | | | (3,500 | ) |
Purchases of available-for-sale securities | | | (424,667 | ) | | | (80,314 | ) | | | — | |
Purchases of intangible assets | | | (2,355 | ) | | | (4,705 | ) | | | (7,802 | ) |
Issuance of loans | | | (27,000 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Collection of promissory notes and warrants | | | 6,878 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Proceeds from disposal of available-for-sale securities | | | 580,607 | | | | 212,053 | | | | 30,611 | |
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment | | | 381 | | | | 663 | | | | 4,315 | |
Proceeds (cash disbursements) from disposal of subsidiaries | | | (2,349 | ) | | | (529 | ) | | | 1,140 | |
Proceeds from disposal of cost investments | | | 1,750 | | | | 494 | | | | 1,117 | |
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash | | | (129 | ) | | | (3,648 | ) | | | 2,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by investing activities | | $ | 118,119 | | | $ | 3,629 | | | $ | 8,614 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of share capital | | $ | 8,585 | | | $ | 4,061 | | | $ | 1,052 | |
Proceeds from bank loans | | | 15,015 | | | | 87,537 | | | | 5,075 | |
Repayment of bank loans | | | (121,388 | ) | | | (51,352 | ) | | | (42,480 | ) |
Purchases of treasury stock | | | (11,171 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | $ | (108,959 | ) | | $ | 40,246 | | | $ | (36,353 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Effect of exchange differences on cash | | | — | | | | 33 | | | | (696 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 22,355 | | | $ | 54,698 | | | $ | (16,487 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | | | 33,153 | | | | 55,508 | | | | 110,206 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | | $ | 55,508 | | | $ | 110,206 | | | $ | 93,719 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest paid | | $ | 519 | | | $ | 1,348 | | | $ | 955 | |
| | | |
Non-cash activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A common shares issued for settlement of other payables | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,036 | | | $ | — | |
Reissuance of treasury stock for the acquisition of subsidiaries | | $ | 2,810 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Class A common shares and stock options issued as consideration for the acquisition of subsidiaries | | $ | 39,835 | | | $ | 49,610 | | | $ | 54 | |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
CDC Corporation
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of shares (‘000) | | | Common shares | | | Additional paid-in capital | | | Treasury stock | | | Comprehensive income (loss) (Restated) See Note 2 | | | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Restated) See Note 2 | | | Accumulated deficit (Restated) See Note 2 | | | Total shareholders’ equity (Restated) See Note 2 | |
Balance at January 1, 2003 | | 101,296 | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 610,340 | | | $ | (238 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,990 | | | $ | (234,417 | ) | | $ | 377,700 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Exercise of employee stock options | | 2,592 | | | | 1 | | | | 8,584 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,585 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Redemption of shares | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,171 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,171 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Retirement of shares | | (2,300 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (5,749 | ) | | | 5,750 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Reissuance of treasury stock for non-cash transactions | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,218 | | | | 1,592 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,810 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stock compensation expenses on options granted | | — | | | | — | | | | 328 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 328 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains, net of unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 644 | | | | 644 | | | | — | | | | 644 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Minority interests’ share of unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 184 | | | | 184 | | | | — | | | | 184 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,197 | | | | 5,197 | | | | — | | | | 5,197 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Reclassification adjustment for gains, net of losses included in net income | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (4,344 | ) | | | (4,344 | ) | | | — | | | | (4,344 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net income for the year (Restated) | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 15,768 | | | | — | | | | 15,768 | | | | 15,768 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income (Restated) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 17,449 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2003 | | 101,588 | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 614,721 | | | $ | (4,067 | ) | | | | | | $ | 3,671 | | | $ | (218,649 | ) | | $ | 395,701 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
CDC Corporation
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of shares (‘000) | | Common shares | | Additional paid-in capital | | Treasury stock | | | Comprehensive income (loss) (Restated) See Note 2 | | | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Restated) See Note 2 | | | Accumulated deficit (Restated) See Note 2 | | | Total shareholders’ equity (Restated) See Note 2 | |
Balance at January 1, 2004 | | 101,588 | | $ | 25 | | $ | 614,721 | | $ | (4,067 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,671 | | | $ | (218,649 | ) | | $ | 395,701 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Exercise of employee stock options | | 1,068 | | | 1 | | | 4,060 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,061 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares for non-cash transactions | | 8,237 | | | 2 | | | 50,455 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 50,457 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stock compensation expenses on options granted | | — | | | — | | | 4,240 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,240 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (593 | ) | | | (593 | ) | | | — | | | | (593 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Minority interests’ share of unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | 53 | | | | 53 | | | | — | | | | 53 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | — | �� | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | 1,750 | | | | 1,750 | | | | — | | | | 1,750 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Reclassification adjustment for losses, net of gains included in net loss | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | 274 | | | | 274 | | | | — | | | | 274 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the year (Restated) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (5,967 | ) | | | — | | | | (5,967 | ) | | | (5,967 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss (Restated) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | $ | (4,483 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | | 110,893 | | $ | 28 | | $ | 673,476 | | $ | (4,067 | ) | | | | | | $ | 5,155 | | | $ | (224,616 | ) | | $ | 449,976 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
CDC Corporation
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of shares (‘000) | | Common shares | | Additional paid-in capital | | Treasury stock | | | Comprehensive income (loss) (Restated) See Note 2 | | | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Restated) See Note 2 | | | Accumulated deficit (Restated) See Note 2 | | | Total shareholders’ equity (Restated) See Note 2 | |
Balance at January 1, 2005 | | 110,893 | | $ | 28 | | $ | 673,476 | | $ | (4,067 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,155 | | | $ | (224,616 | ) | | $ | 449,976 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Exercise of employee stock options | | 282 | | | — | | | 583 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 583 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Employee stock purchase plan | | 178 | | | — | | | 469 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 469 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares for non-cash transactions | | 12 | | | — | | | 54 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 54 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Reissuance of treasury stock for non-cash transactions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 35 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 35 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stock compensation expenses on options granted | | — | | | — | | | 1,421 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,421 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (2,534 | ) | | | (2,534 | ) | | | — | | | | (2,534 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Minority interests’ share of unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | 217 | | | | 217 | | | | — | | | | 217 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (355 | ) | | | (355 | ) | | | — | | | | (355 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Reclassification adjustment for losses, net of gains included in net loss | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | 146 | | | | 146 | | | | — | | | | 146 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the year (Restated) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (3,514 | ) | | | — | | | | (3,514 | ) | | | (3,514 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss (Restated) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | $ | (6,040 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | | 111,365 | | $ | 28 | | $ | 676,003 | | $ | (4,032 | ) | | | | | | $ | 2,629 | | | $ | (228,130 | ) | | $ | 446,498 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-10
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS |
CDC Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or “CDC”), with facilities in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”), North America, Europe and Australia, is a global provider of enterprise software, mobile services and applications and internet and media services. The Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands in June 1997 as a limited liability company.
The Company offers the following products and services to customers in Hong Kong, Taiwan and the PRC (“Greater China”) and other parts of Asia, Australia, New Zealand, North America, South America, the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe:
| • | | Software. The Company offers a broad range of software solutions for mid-sized enterprises. The software suite includes Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”), Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”), Supply Chain Management (“SCM”), Order Management Systems (“OMS”), Human Resources and Payroll Management (“HRM”) and Business Intelligence (“BI”) products. |
| • | | Business Services. The Company’s business services offering includes information technology services, eBusiness consulting, web development and outsourcing in Hong Kong, Australia, Korea, and the United States of America (the “U.S.”), and a marketing database and marketing support service offered principally in Australia and New Zealand. The Company’s business services companies provide program management, outsourcing services, application development and ongoing support services using a wide range of technologies. |
| • | | Mobile Services and Applications. The Company’s mobile services and applications business provides news and mobile applications services targeting the consumer market in China. It offers wireless services including Short Message Service (“SMS”), Interactive Voice Response (“IVR”), Multimedia Message Service (“MMS”) and Wireless Application Protocol (“WAP”). |
| • | | Internet and Media. The Company’s internet and media business encompasses a range of businesses, including a portal network, and a Singapore-based travel trade publisher and trade exhibition organizer. |
2. | RESTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
Subsequent to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2005 that were filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2006, as part of certain capital market initiatives, the Company identified an error in its application of Financial Accounting Standards Board, Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, as applied in its purchase business combinations in 2004 and 2005. Accordingly, the Company has to restate its previously issued consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, the Company has elected to also correct the consolidated financial statements for other errors that management previously evaluated as immaterial individually and in the aggregate. As a result, the 2003, 2004 and 2005 consolidated financial statements of the Company have been restated. In addition, where appropriate, the notes to the consolidated financial statements have also been restated. The restatement and the related impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements are summarized as follows:
F-11
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | RESTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) |
Deferred Taxes
The Company recorded restatement adjustments related to the incorrect matching of pre and post acquisition related deferred tax assets at Pivotal Corporation (“Pivotal”), Ross Systems Inc., and Praxa Limited (“Praxa”), wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company, which previously resulted in an overstatement of income tax expense and an understatement of goodwill. As required by SFAS 109, decreases in pre-acquisition deferred tax assets generated by increases in post-acquisition deferred tax assets should not result in an increase in tax expense. Further, the Company recorded restatement adjustments related to the netting of valuation allowances against deferred tax assets based on the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting. Previously, the Company recorded valuation allowances against deferred tax assets offset by deferred tax liabilities instead of recording such valuation allowance against the gross deferred tax assets. In addition, the Company recorded certain other immaterial tax adjustments affecting goodwill, deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax expense.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company recorded restatement adjustments related to foreign currency translation differences for certain goodwill and intangible assets arising from the acquisition of Praxa, Palmweb Inc. (“Palmweb”) and IMI Global Holdings Ireland Limited (“IMI”) whose functional currencies are local currencies. Upon the acquisitions of certain foreign companies in 2003 and 2004, the Company properly translated goodwill and the acquired intangible assets from their respective functional currencies to the reporting currency of the Company; however, the Company failed to subsequently translate such balances at the current rate at the end of each reporting period in 2003, 2004 and 2005. The correction affected goodwill and the acquired intangible assets, foreign currency translation adjustment component of equity and minority interests.
Accounting for a Lease Acquired in a Business Combination
On February 25, 2004, the Company acquired a 100% equity interest in Pivotal. In connection with the acquisition, the Company assumed an idle operating lease for the office space in Vancouver, Canada (the “Pivotal Lease”). The Company appropriately recorded the fair market value of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition of Pivotal, except for the liabilities assumed in conjunction with the acquired Pivotal Lease. The Company restated the restructuring liability related to the Pivotal Lease to record the assumed liability at fair value. The correction resulted in a reduced restructuring liability, related amount of goodwill at the acquisition date and accreted restructuring expense subsequent to the acquisition date. The consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 have been restated to reflect certain amounts of restructuring liability as long term to be consistent with its maturity.
Presentation Restatement Item – Consolidated Balance Sheet
The Company previously presented $1,011 as long term pension liability balance although the pension liability was to be settled within one year after December 31, 2005. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2005 has been restated to reflect such liability as current liability to be consistent with its maturity.
Presentation Restatement Items – Consolidated Statements of Operations
The Company restated the presentation of amortization expense related to the acquired developed technologies to present such expenses above the gross margin line on the face of the consolidated statements of operations for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005. Previously, the amortization of purchased developed technologies was included in the line item “Depreciation and amortization expenses” under the “Operating expenses” section of the consolidated statements of operations.
F-12
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | RESTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) |
Presentation Restatement Items – Consolidated Statements of Operations (continued)
Additionally, the Company restated the presentation of interest income and expense of $82 in 2005 to properly eliminate the intercompany interest income and expense from the accompanying consolidated and restated statements of operations. Previously, the Company failed to appropriately eliminate the intercompany interest income and expense.
Presentation Restatement Items – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The Company expanded its note on Restructuring Costs by adding the disclosure of certain restructuring costs by type in a tabular format and providing additional information as to the Company’s restructuring activities to comply with the requirements of SFAS 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities”.
Other Errors
The Company recorded other immaterial restatement adjustments for errors made in the application of United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP). These errors included adjustments related to the accounting for minority interests related to the acquisition of IMI in accordance with Accounting Research Bulletin (“ARB”) 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements”. Additionally, the Company restated its financial statements for unsupported accrued expense balances, inappropriate netting of debit balances in accounts payable, gross versus net presentation of interest income and expense and other miscellaneous items related to prior periods.
Restatement at China.com Inc.
In addition to the errors described above, as of December 31, 2006 the Company’s 81% owned subsidiary, China.com Inc., also restated its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005 as follows.
China.com Inc. had inappropriately applied the equity method of accounting for the change in the level of ownership in Equity Pacific Limited and its subsidiaries (the “17game Group”) when China.com Inc. acquired an additional 11.5% equity interest of 17game Group in 2005 increasing its equity interest from 36.5% to 48%. China.com Inc. inappropriately fair valued the intangible assets of 17game Group related to its 48% equity interest whereas under U.S. GAAP, only the 11.5% increase in its equity interest and related fair values of the intangible assets of 17game Group should have been recognized. As a result of this error, the amortization expense on intangible assets of 17game Group was overstated by $477 and both China.com Inc.’s net income and investment in affiliated companies was understated by $477. In addition, as a result of an audit of the financial statements of 17game Group, China.com Inc.’s share of equity in loss of 17game Group was recalculated. As a result of this recalculation, China.com Inc.’s previously calculated share of equity in loss of 17game Group was understated by $72 and investment in affiliated companies was overstated by the same amount.
In 2004, China.com Inc. granted a put option to shareholders of its affiliated company, Equity Pacific Limited. Under U.S. GAAP, the put option should have been recorded at fair value and subsequent changes in fair value of the put option recorded in income. China.com Inc. failed to record the fair value of the put option of $160 in 2004 and to record the decrease in fair value of the put option liability of $16 in 2005. As a result of this error, China.com Inc. net income was understated by $16 and its liabilities understated by $144, and opening accumulated profits was overstated by $160.
F-13
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | RESTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) |
Restatement at China.com Inc. (continued)
Further, China.com Inc. failed to push down the goodwill and intangible assets of its PRC subsidiaries in the functional currency of Renminbi. These amounts were recorded in Hong Kong dollars when these balances were retranslated to United States dollars, the reporting currency. As a result of this error, goodwill and intangible assets were understated by $1,673 and $13 respectively, and accumulated other comprehensive loss was overstated by $1,686. This error did not have an impact on net income.
F-14
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | RESTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) |
Impact of Restatement
A summary of the effect of the restatement on the applicable line items within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
| | Previously Reported | | | Restated | | | Previously Reported | | | Restated | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 110,206 | | | $ | 110,206 | | | $ | 93,691 | | | $ | 93,719 | |
Restricted cash | | | 3,886 | | | | 3,886 | | | | 2,086 | | | | 1,886 | |
Accounts receivable (net of allowances) | | | 43,521 | | | | 44,294 | | | | 46,753 | | | | 47,489 | |
Deposits, prepayments and other receivables | | | 10,012 | | | | 10,012 | | | | 8,447 | | | | 8,536 | |
Deferred tax assets | | | 502 | | | | 1,353 | | | | 286 | | | | 1,474 | |
Total current assets | | | 341,685 | | | | 343,309 | | | | 186,878 | | | | 188,719 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 7,617 | | | | 7,964 | | | | 5,995 | | | | 6,226 | |
Goodwill | | | 189,552 | | | | 201,738 | | | | 190,418 | | | | 200,663 | |
Intangible assets | | | 81,121 | | | | 81,431 | | | | 73,885 | | | | 73,574 | |
Investments in equity investees | | | 4,016 | | | | 4,016 | | | | 5,594 | | | | 5,999 | |
Other assets | | | 4,342 | | | | 4,342 | | | | 5,065 | | | | 4,975 | |
Deferred tax assets | | | — | | | | 15,074 | | | | 157 | | | | 12,833 | |
Total assets | | $ | 664,331 | | | $ | 693,871 | | | $ | 608,035 | | | $ | 633,032 | |
| | | | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 13,697 | | | $ | 13,697 | | | $ | 12,286 | | | $ | 12,520 | |
Accrued liabilities | | | 36,875 | | | | 26,986 | | | | 32,296 | | | | 24,369 | |
Restructuring accruals, current portion | | | — | | | | 3,060 | | | | — | | | | 3,183 | |
Accrued pension liability, current portion | | | 910 | | | | 910 | | | | 662 | | | | 1,673 | |
Deferred revenue | | | 34,261 | | | | 35,404 | | | | 35,845 | | | | 37,178 | |
Income tax payable | | | 2,532 | | | | 2,496 | | | | 2,525 | | | | 2,579 | |
Deferred liabilities | | | — | | | | 426 | | | | — | | | | 1,203 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 171,003 | | | | 165,707 | | | | 114,181 | | | | 113,272 | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | | 4,696 | | | | 19,217 | | | | 4,046 | | | | 16,451 | |
Accrued pension liability, net of current portion | | | 1,477 | | | | 1,477 | | | | 1,011 | | | | — | |
Restructuring accruals, net of current portion | | | — | | | | 5,989 | | | | — | | | | 4,171 | |
Total liabilities | | | 177,498 | | | | 192,712 | | | | 119,677 | | | | 134,333 | |
Minority interests | | | 45,883 | | | | 51,183 | | | | 49,044 | | | | 52,201 | |
Shareholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (228,226 | ) | | | (224,616 | ) | | | (231,762 | ) | | | (228,130 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | | (261 | ) | | | 5,155 | | | | (923 | ) | | | 2,629 | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 440,950 | | | | 449,976 | | | | 439,314 | | | | 446,498 | |
| | | | |
Total liabilities, minority interests and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 664,331 | | | $ | 693,871 | | | $ | 608,035 | | | $ | 633,032 | |
F-15
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | RESTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) |
Impact of Restatement (continued)
A summary of the effect of the restatement on the applicable line items within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | |
| | 2003 | | | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
| | Previously Reported | | | Restated | | | Previously Reported | | | Restated | | | Previously Reported | | | Restated | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Licenses | | $ | 1,157 | | | $ | 1,157 | | | $ | 28,748 | | | $ | 28,581 | | | $ | 38,856 | | | $ | 38,541 | |
Maintenance and consulting services | | | 11,734 | | | | 11,734 | | | | 79,131 | | | | 79,067 | | | | 120,308 | | | | 120,263 | |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consulting services | | | 31,159 | | | | 31,159 | | | | 37,308 | | | | 37,308 | | | | 36,942 | | | | 37,139 | |
Total revenues | | | 77,851 | | | | 77,851 | | | | 182,683 | | | | 182,452 | | | | 245,037 | | | | 244,874 | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Licenses | | | (362 | ) | | | (362 | ) | | | (3,486 | ) | | | (3,486 | ) | | | (6,589 | ) | | | (6,750 | ) |
Amortization of purchased technologies | | | — | | | | (231 | ) | | | — | | | | (3,485 | ) | | | — | | | | (5,528 | ) |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consulting services | | | (16,754 | ) | | | (16,754 | ) | | | (24,871 | ) | | | (24,871 | ) | | | (24,079 | ) | | | (24,338 | ) |
Total cost of revenues | | | (38,877 | ) | | | (39,108 | ) | | | (79,232 | ) | | | (82,717 | ) | | | (108,001 | ) | | | (113,949 | ) |
Gross profit | | | 38,974 | | | | 38,743 | | | | 103,451 | | | | 99,735 | | | | 137,036 | | | | 130,925 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | (31,606 | ) | | | (31,606 | ) | | | (80,342 | ) | | | (80,326 | ) | | | (101,954 | ) | | | (100,549 | ) |
Research and development expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | (13,825 | ) | | | (13,825 | ) | | | (21,325 | ) | | | (22,605 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization expenses | | | (7,454 | ) | | | (6,829 | ) | | | (12,276 | ) | | | (8,919 | ) | | | (16,162 | ) | | | (9,937 | ) |
Restructuring expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,387 | ) | | | (3,760 | ) | | | (1,256 | ) | | | (1,667 | ) |
Total operating expenses | | | (39,060 | ) | | | (38,435 | ) | | | (109,830 | ) | | | (106,830 | ) | | | (140,697 | ) | | | (134,758 | ) |
Operating gain (loss) | | | (86 | ) | | | 308 | | | | (6,379 | ) | | | (7,095 | ) | | | (3,661 | ) | | | (3,833 | ) |
Other income (expenses): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 13,412 | | | | 13,412 | | | | 9,653 | | | | 9,653 | | | | 8,074 | | | | 8,156 | |
Interest expense | | | (1,070 | ) | | | (1,070 | ) | | | (1,895 | ) | | | (1,895 | ) | | | (1,175 | ) | | | (1,257 | ) |
Share of losses in equity investees | | | (124 | ) | | | (124 | ) | | | (308 | ) | | | (467 | ) | | | (1,593 | ) | | | (1,172 | ) |
Total other income | | | 16,345 | | | | 16,345 | | | | 7,147 | | | | 6,988 | | | | 6,314 | | | | 6,735 | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 16,259 | | | | 16,653 | | | | 768 | | | | (107 | ) | | | 2,653 | | | | 2,902 | |
Income tax benefit (expense) | | | 598 | | | | 448 | | | | (7,541 | ) | | | (3,375 | ) | | | (4,574 | ) | | | (4,957 | ) |
Income (loss) before minority interests | | | 16,857 | | | | 17,101 | | | | (6,773 | ) | | | (3,482 | ) | | | (1,921 | ) | | | (2,055 | ) |
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries | | | (2,257 | ) | | | (2,257 | ) | | | (1,000 | ) | | | (925 | ) | | | (1,565 | ) | | | (1,409 | ) |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | | | 14,600 | | | | 14,844 | | | | (7,773 | ) | | | (4,407 | ) | | | (3,486 | ) | | | (3,464 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 15,524 | | | $ | 15,768 | | | $ | (9,333 | ) | | $ | (5,967 | ) | | $ | (3,536 | ) | | $ | (3,514 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations | | $ | 0.14 | | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | (0.04 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | 0.16 | | | $ | (0.09 | ) | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
F-16
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | RESTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) |
Impact of Restatement (continued)
A summary of the effect of the restatement on the applicable line items within the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended, December 31, | |
| | 2003 | | | 2004 | | | 2005 | |
| | Previously Reported | | | Restated | | | Previously Reported | | | Restated | | | Previously Reported | | | Restated | |
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 15,524 | | | $ | 15,768 | | | $ | (9,333 | ) | | $ | (5,967 | ) | | $ | (3,536 | ) | | $ | (3,514 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries | | | 2,204 | | | | 2,204 | | | | 1,000 | | | | 925 | | | | 1,565 | | | | 1,409 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 3,571 | | | | 3,177 | | | | 10,960 | | | | 11,088 | | | | 13,935 | | | | 13,238 | |
Depreciation | | | 5,293 | | | | 5,293 | | | | 3,721 | | | | 3,721 | | | | 3,861 | | | | 3,866 | |
Share of losses in equity investees | | | 115 | | | | 115 | | | | 308 | | | | 468 | | | | 1,593 | | | | 1,172 | |
Deferred provision for income taxes | | | — | | | | 150 | | | | 5,897 | | | | 1,731 | | | | 3,724 | | | | 3,650 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | 9,486 | | | | 9,486 | | | | (12,585 | ) | | | (12,485 | ) | | | (5,061 | ) | | | (5,024 | ) |
Other assets | | | 1,794 | | | | 1,794 | | | | (11 | ) | | | 200 | | | | (1,500 | ) | | | (1,500 | ) |
Accrued liabilities | | | (4,006 | ) | | | (4,006 | ) | | | (6,372 | ) | | | (6,159 | ) | | | (3,399 | ) | | | (2,971 | ) |
Deferred revenue | | | (557 | ) | | | (557 | ) | | | 6,419 | | | | 6,483 | | | | 3,631 | | | | 3,822 | |
Income tax payable | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,644 | | | | 1,644 | | | | (609 | ) | | | (561 | ) |
Other liabilities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 322 | | | | 321 | | | | 121 | | | | 389 | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 13,195 | | | $ | 13,195 | | | $ | 10,790 | | | $ | 10,790 | | | $ | 12,297 | | | $ | 11,948 | |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of intangible assets | | $ | (2,355 | ) | | $ | (2,355 | ) | | $ | (4,705 | ) | | $ | (4,705 | ) | | $ | (7,980 | ) | | $ | (7,802 | ) |
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash | | | (129 | ) | | | (129 | ) | | | (3,648 | ) | | | (3,648 | ) | | | 1,800 | | | | 2,000 | |
Net cash provided by investing activities | | $ | 118,119 | | | $ | 118,119 | | | $ | 3,629 | | | $ | 3,629 | | | $ | 8,236 | | | $ | 8,614 | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 22,355 | | | $ | 22,355 | | | $ | 54,698 | | | $ | 54,698 | | | $ | (16,515 | ) | | $ | (16,487 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | | $ | 55,508 | | | $ | 55,508 | | | $ | 110,206 | | | $ | 110,206 | | | $ | 93,691 | | | $ | 93,719 | |
| (a) | Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries that are not considered variable interest entities and all variable interest entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary, after eliminations of all material intercompany accounts, transactions and profits.
In 2005, the Company reported its operating results in four operating segments, “Software”, “Business Services”, “Mobile Services and Applications” and “Internet and Media”. During 2005, the Company reorganized these segments into two core business units, CDC Software and China.com Inc. The operation of “Software” and “Business Services” is included in the CDC Software business unit and the operation of “Mobile Services and Applications” and “Internet and Media” is included in the China.com Inc. business unit.
F-17
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| (a) | Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation (continued) |
In 2004, the Company reported its operating results in five operating segments, “Software”, “Business Services”, “Mobile Services and Applications”, “Advertising/Marketing” and “Others”. These segments were based primarily on the different production, manufacturing and other value-added processes that the Company performed with respect to the products and services and, to a lesser extent, the differing nature of the ultimate end use of the products and services. Prior to 2004, the Company reported its operating results in “Software and Consulting Services”, “Mobile Services and Applications”, “Advertising and Marketing Activities” and “Others”.
All amounts in these consolidated financial statements reflect the restatement of the pre-2005 segments and the reclassification of certain discontinued components so that they are comparable with the current year’s presentation.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
| (c) | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
The Company considers all cash held in banks and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Except for the restricted cash disclosed in Note 5, none of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents is restricted as to withdrawal or use.
| (d) | Property and Equipment and Depreciation |
Buildings, leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, office equipment, computer equipment and motor vehicles are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives of the property and equipment are as follows:
| | |
Buildings | | 25 years |
Leasehold improvements | | Over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life |
Furniture and fixtures | | 1 to 10 years |
Office equipment | | 3 to 5 years |
Computer equipment | | 1 to 3 years |
Motor vehicles | | 3 to 5 years |
F-18
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (e) | Software Development Costs (continued) |
The Company capitalizes computer software product development costs incurred in developing a product once technological feasibility has been established and until the product is available for general release to customers. The Company evaluates realizability of the capitalized amounts based on expected revenues from the product over the remaining product life. Where future revenue streams are not expected to cover remaining unamortized amounts, the Company either accelerates the amortization or expenses the remaining capitalized amounts. The amortization of such costs is computed as the greater of the amount calculated based on (i) the ratio of current product revenues to projected current and future product revenues or (ii) the straight-line basis over the expected economic life of the product (not to exceed five years). Software costs related to the development of new products incurred prior to establishing technological feasibility or after general release are expensed as incurred. When technological feasibility of the underlying software is not established until substantially all product development is completed, including the development of a working model, the Company expenses the costs of such development because the impact of capitalizing such costs would not be material.
As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, capitalized computer software development costs were $3,478 and $10,313 (Restated), respectively, and related accumulated amortization totaled $251 and $1,300, respectively. The amortization of purchased developed technologies is included in amortization of purchased technologies totaling $273, $228 and $1,049 in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
| (f) | Goodwill and Intangible Assets |
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of the net assets of businesses acquired. SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”, requires companies to test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or an interim basis if an event occurs that might reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. SFAS 142 also requires that an identifiable intangible asset which is determined to have an indefinite useful economic life not to be amortized, but to be tested separately for impairment using a fair value based approach. All other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
The Company’s intangible assets represent trademarks, uniform resource locators (“URLs”), software applications and programs, customer base and contracts, and business licenses and partnership agreements. Definite lived intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the respective asset. The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows:
| | |
Trademarks | | Indefinite |
URLs | | 20 years |
Software applications and programs | | 2 to 15 years |
Customer base and contracts | | 1 to 10 years |
Business licenses and partnership agreements | | 1 to 7 years |
F-19
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (f) | Goodwill and Intangible Assets (continued) |
The Company evaluates the long-lived assets of identifiable business activities for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company tested goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives for impairment, utilizing a combination of valuation techniques including the expected present value of future cash flows approach. The Company performed its annual goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets test on December 31 as required by SFAS 142 and determined that there was no impairment for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005.
Debt and equity investments in available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value. Unrealized holding gains or losses, net of tax, on available-for-sale securities are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are included in a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses and any declines in fair value judged to be other-than-temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in gain (loss) on disposal and impairment, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Gains or losses on the sale of investments and amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the statement of operations are computed based upon specific identification. Interest on securities classified as available-for-sale securities is included in interest income.
When determining whether an impairment of investments exists or a decline in the value of an available-for-sale security is other-than-temporary, the Company evaluates evidence to support a realizable value in excess of the current market price for the securities. Such information may include the investment’s financial performance (including such factors as earnings trends, dividend payments, asset quality and specific events), the near term prospects of the investment, the current and expected financial condition of the investment’s issuer, and the Company’s investment intent.
The following were the aggregate amounts of unrealized losses for available-for-sale debt and equity securities that have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months and the aggregate fair values of such securities as of December 31, 2005.
| | | | | | |
| | Unrealized loss | | Fair value |
Debt securities | | $ | 187 | | $ | 9,814 |
Equity securities | | $ | 14 | | $ | 70 |
The following was the aggregate amount of unrealized losses for available-for-sale debt securities that have been in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months and the aggregate fair value of such securities as of December 31, 2005.
| | | | | | |
| | Unrealized loss | | Fair value |
Debt securities | | $ | 3,187 | | $ | 133,102 |
F-20
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (g) | Investments (continued) |
At December 31, 2005, 17 of the 27 available-for-sale debt and equity securities held by the Company were in an unrealized loss position. The Company’s unrealized losses on investments in U.S. Treasury obligations, direct obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporate bonds were caused by an increase in interest rates. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because the Company has the ability and intent to hold those investments until a recovery of fair value, which may reach maturity, the Company does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2005. Therefore, none of the Company’s securities were impaired at December 31, 2005. Prior to 2005, the Company considered all debt and equity securities with a sustained decline in market values for six months or more to be other than temporarily impaired because the Company did not have the ability and intent to hold those investments until a recovery of fair value. In 2003 and 2004, the Company recorded impairment losses on certain available for sale debt securities of nil and $990, respectively. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, the Company recorded gain (loss) on the sale of available for sale equity securities of $3,121, $157 and $46, respectively.
The Company’s investments in equity investees for which its ownership exceeds 20% or for which the Company owns less than 20% but has the ability to exercise significant influence, but which are not majority-owned, are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, the Company’s proportionate share of each equity investee’s net income or loss and the amortization of any identifiable intangible assets arising from the investment is included in share of income and losses in equity investees in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
All other investments for which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence (generally, when the Company has an investment of less than 20% ownership and no representation on the company’s Board of Directors) and for which there is not a readily determinable fair value, are accounted for using the cost method. Dividends and other distributions of earnings from investees, if any, are included in income when declared. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of its investments accounted for under the cost method of accounting and any impairment is included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
| (h) | Impairment of Long-lived Assets |
Long-lived assets (other than goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets) are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset (other than goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets) exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset’s use and eventual disposition. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset.
F-21
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (i) | Foreign Currency Translation |
The financial statements of the Company’s foreign operations have been translated into United States dollars (“U.S. dollars”) from their local functional currencies in accordance with SFAS 52, “Foreign Currency Translation”. Under SFAS 52, all assets and liabilities are translated at year end exchange rates. Income statement items are translated at an average exchange rate for the year. Translation adjustments are not included in determining net income, but are accumulated and reported as a component of shareholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized and unrealized gains and losses, which result from foreign currency transactions, are included in determining net income (loss), except for intercompany foreign currency transactions that are of a long term investment nature which are reported as translation adjustments.
During the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, Nil, $429 and $380, respectively, were reclassified from cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment and included in the consolidated statements of operations as a result of the sale or liquidation of an investment in a foreign operation.
Advertising expenses are charged to expenses when incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for all the periods presented.
The Company generally recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable. If an acceptance period is required, revenues are recognized upon the earlier of customer acceptance or the expiration of the acceptance period. The Company’s agreements with its customers, resellers and distributors do not contain product return rights. If the fee is not fixed or determinable due to the existence of extended payment terms, revenue is recognized periodically as payments become due, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition are met.
The specific literature that the Company follows in connection with its revenue recognition policy includes the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, “Revenue Recognition”, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position (“SOP”) 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition”, as amended by SOP 98-9, “Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions”, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 00-21, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”, and in certain instances EITF 99-19, “Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent”, and SOP 81-1, “Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts”.
In addition to these basic criteria, there are specific revenue recognition policies for each major stream of revenue by reportable segment.
F-22
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (l) | Revenue Recognition (continued) |
Software
Revenue from the sale of software products often includes a combination of software, consulting and integration services, and the provision of training and maintenance services. The Company allocates the arrangement fee in these multi-element arrangements to each individual element using its relative fair value as based on vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”). Where fair value exists for all undelivered elements of the arrangement but not the delivered elements, the Company applies the “residual” method of accounting and defers revenue allocated to the undelivered elements while recognizing the residual revenue allocated to the delivered elements. In the absence of VSOE for any undelivered element, the Company defers the entire arrangement fee and recognizes revenue when all undelivered elements are delivered, assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
Software license revenues are normally generated through licensing with end-users, value-added resellers (“VARs”) and distributors, and through the sale of the software with or incorporating third-party products. VARs and distributors do not have rights of return, price protections, rotation rights, or other features that would preclude revenue recognition.
When software licenses are sold indirectly to an end-user through VARs, the Company recognizes as revenue only the net fee receivable upon sell-through to the end-user. License revenues from distributors are calculated at an agreed upon percentage of the distributors’ net selling price to the end-users. The Company does not typically earn any portion of fees for services provided by the distributor to the end-user. The Company earns maintenance fees based upon an agreed upon percentage of the maintenance fees that the distributor earns from the end-user.
When software licenses incorporating third-party software products are sold or sold with third-party products that complement the software, the Company recognizes as revenue the gross amount of sales of third-party products.
Revenues related to consulting and integration services and the provision of training services for software products are deferred and recognized as the services are delivered, assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
Revenues related to maintenance agreements on software products are deferred and recognized ratably over the terms of the agreements which are normally one year.
Provisions for discounts are made and rebates to customers, estimated returns and allowances, and other adjustments are provided for in the same period in which the related revenues are recorded. Such provisions are calculated after considering relevant historical data.
F-23
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (l) | Revenue Recognition (continued) |
Business Services
Revenues from time and materials outsourcing contracts are recognized as the services are delivered assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
Advertising and marketing consulting services revenues for fixed price contracts are recognized upon completion of contractual milestones which are specified in the contracts along with pricing, payment terms and project timetable. Revenues from time and materials outsourcing contracts are recognized as the services are delivered, assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
Database and marketing support services include list rental, database development and supply, data analysis and call center services. Revenue is recognized when the service or list has been delivered, assuming all other basic criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
Revenues from the design, development and integration of Internet web sites and mobile phone devices are recognized using contract accounting based on either clients’ acceptance of completed milestones or using the cost-to-cost percentage-of-completion method based on the hours incurred. Some projects include acceptance clauses requiring customers’ sign-off at the conclusion of the projects. Historically, the Company has not experienced projects where sign-off or acceptance has been withheld by a customer resulting in a material loss on a project.
Revenues from Internet web site maintenance agreements are deferred and recognized ratably over the terms of the related agreements which are usually for periods of six months or one year.
Mobile Services and Applications
Mobile services and applications (“MVAS”) revenues are recognized when services are provided. The Company records revenues on a monthly basis based upon confirmations from the network operators. At the end of each reporting period, where an operator fails to provide the Company with a monthly statement confirming the amount of charges billed to its mobile phone users for that month, the Company uses information generated from its own internal system and historical financial data to make estimates of the billing reconciliation rate and collectible mobile services and applications fees, and revenues are accrued accordingly. The Company regularly assesses its contractual relationship with customers, the ability to set the terms and specifications of the service and the credit risk of the Company to determine whether the Company acts as a principal or agent when providing MVAS services. After consideration of these factors for the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company determined that (a) the Company is the primary obligor in the arrangement; (b) the Company controls the selection of the mobile operators and content providers and determines the service specifications; and (c) the Company has latitude in establishing pricing within ranges prescribed by the network operators and the Company bears the credit risk. As a result, MVAS revenues are recognized gross of the mobile phone operator’s share of revenues.
F-24
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (l) | Revenue Recognition (continued) |
Internet and Media
Revenue from internet and media mainly represents revenue from advertising, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which the advertisement is displayed, and when collection of the resulting receivable is probable, provided that no significant obligations of the Company remain. Advertising service fees from direct mailings are recognized when each advertisement is sent to a target audience.
Deferred revenue represents cash received for software, business services and advertising and marketing services in advance of services being rendered. The Company reports deferred revenue as a liability on the balance sheet when there is a contractual obligation as at the balance sheet date to provide services or software product to the customer, but the services have not yet been completed or the product has not yet been delivered, and thus no recognition of revenue has taken place.
Income taxes are determined under the liability method as required by SFAS 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. Income tax expense is based on pre-tax financial accounting income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance based on the amount of tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not more likely than not to be realized.
| (o) | Stock Compensation Expenses |
The Company accounts for share-based employee compensation arrangements under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” and related Interpretations, and complies with the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”. Under APB 25, stock compensation expense is recognized by accelerated expense attribution method over the vesting period of the stock options based on the difference, if any, between the fair value of the underlying Company’s/China.com Inc.’s, an 81% owned subsidiary of the Company, shares at the date of grant and the exercise price of the stock options.
F-25
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (o) | Stock Compensation Expenses (continued) |
The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings (loss) per share had the Company applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to share-based employee compensation:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Net income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | 15,768 | | | $ | (5,967 | ) | | $ | (3,514 | ) |
Add: Stock compensation expense included in net income (loss) | | | 328 | | | | 2,051 | | | | 1,421 | |
Deduct: Stock compensation expense determined under fair value method | | | (4,886 | ) | | | (14,706 | ) | | | (11,594 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pro forma | | $ | 11,210 | | | $ | (18,622 | ) | | $ | (13,687 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | 0.16 | | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
Pro forma | | $ | 0.11 | | | $ | (0.18 | ) | | $ | (0.12 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | 0.16 | | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
Pro forma | | $ | 0.11 | | | $ | (0.18 | ) | | $ | (0.12 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the purpose of the pro forma disclosures above, the estimated fair value of the options is amortized to expense over the options’ vesting period.
As further discussed in Note 24, on December 29, 2005, the Company accelerated the vesting of approximately 1.7 million unvested stock options with exercise prices equal to or greater than $3.50 per share. The closing price of the Company’s common stock on December 28, 2005, the last trading day before the acceleration, was $3.14 per share. The acceleration was effective as of December 29, 2005. The options had a range of exercise prices of $3.79 to $7.38 and a weighted average exercise price of $4.32. Included in the computation of pro forma net loss and net loss per share for the period ended December 31, 2005 is $4,433 in stock compensation expense related to the accelerated options.
F-26
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (o) | Stock Compensation Expenses (continued) |
Under SFAS 123, the fair value of share-based awards is calculated through the use of option-pricing models, even though such models were developed to estimate the fair value of freely tradable, fully transferable options without vesting restrictions, which differ significantly from the Company’s stock option grants. These models also require subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected lives of each option grant. The fair value for each option grant was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions:
| | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
Range of U.S. risk-free interest rates | | 2.08% to 6.69% | | 2.08% to 6.77% | | 4.12% to 4.17% |
Weighted expected life of options | | 5 years | | 5 years | | 5 years |
Range of volatility | | 38% to 167% | | 75% to 165% | | 58% to 69% |
Dividend yield | | Nil | | Nil | | Nil |
| (p) | Earnings (Loss) Per Share |
The Company computes earnings (loss) per share in accordance with SFAS 128, “Earnings Per Share”. Under the provisions of SFAS 128, basic earnings or loss per share is computed by dividing the net income or loss available to common shareholders for the year by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings or loss per share is computed by dividing the net income or loss available to common shareholders for the year, adjusted for any impact to net income or loss by dilutive common equivalent shares, by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the year. Common equivalent shares, composed of incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, are included in diluted earnings or loss per share to the extent that such shares are dilutive.
Debt securities sold under agreements to repurchase are classified as secured borrowings. Agreements with the third parties specify the third parties’ rights to request additional collateral. Both parties monitor the fair value of the underlying securities as compared with the related receivable or payable, including accrued interest, and may request a cash transfer at least equal to that net exposure as necessary.
| (r) | Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
Accounts receivable are carried at their original amount less an estimate made for uncollectible amounts. The Company does not charge interest on receivables.
Loans receivable are stated at amortized cost less the allowance for loan losses, loan origination fees (net of direct costs), commitment fees and purchase premiums or discounts. Interest on loans is credited to income as it is earned. Premiums are amortized and discounts are accreted over the lives of the loans using the interest method.
F-27
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (t) | Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Comprehensive income (loss) includes net earnings or loss as well as additional other comprehensive income (loss). The Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) consists of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities and foreign currency translations, all recorded net of tax.
| (u) | Gain on Issuance of Shares by Subsidiaries |
When a subsidiary sells its shares to unrelated parties at a price in excess of its book value, the Company’s net investment in that subsidiary increases. If at that time the subsidiary is not a newly-formed, non-operating entity, nor a research and development, start-up or development stage company, nor is there question as to the subsidiary’s ability to continue in existence, the Company records the increase as a non-operating gain in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Otherwise, the increase is reflected in the Company’s consolidated statement of shareholders’ equity.
Retirement costs relating to defined benefit plans are actuarially determined based on assumptions concerning the future events that will determine the amount and timing of the benefit payments. Contributions relating to defined contribution plans are made based on a percentage of the employees’ salaries and are included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations as they become payable.
| (w) | Derivative Instruments |
SFAS 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, as modified by SFAS 149, “Amendment of SFAS 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, requires all contracts that meet the definition of a derivative to be recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as either assets or liabilities and recorded at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized periodically in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations or in the Company’s consolidated statement of shareholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) depending on the use of the derivative and whether it qualifies for hedge accounting. Changes in fair values of derivatives not qualified as hedges are reported in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The estimated fair values of derivative instruments are determined at discrete points in time based on the relevant market information. These estimates are calculated with reference to the market rates using the industry standard valuation techniques.
F-28
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (x) | Business Restructuring Charges and Related Expenses |
The Company accounts for exit or disposal activities in accordance with SFAS 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities” and SFAS 112, “Employers’ Accounting for Postemployment Benefits”. In accordance with SFAS 146, a business restructuring is defined as an exit activity that includes but is not limited to a program that is planned and controlled by management, and materially changes either the scope of a business or the manner in which that business is conducted. Business restructuring charges include (i) one-time termination benefits related to employee separations, (ii) contract termination costs, and (iii) other costs associated with consolidating or closing of facilities. SFAS 112 prescribes the accounting for the estimated cost of benefits provided by an employer to former or inactive employees after employment but before retirement.
A liability is recognized and measured at its fair value for one-time termination benefits once the plan of termination is communicated to employees and it meets all of the following criteria: (i) management commits to a plan of termination, (ii) the plan identifies the number of employees to be terminated, their job classifications or functions, locations and the expected completion date, (iii) the plan establishes the terms of the benefit arrangement, and (iv) it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or the plan will be withdrawn. Contract termination costs include costs to terminate a contract or costs that will continue to be incurred under the contract without benefit to the Company. A liability is recognized and measured at its fair value when the Company either terminates the contract or ceases using the rights conveyed by the contract. A liability is recognized and measured at its fair value for other associated costs in the period in which the liability is incurred.
| (y) | Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 123 (revised 2004) (“SFAS 123(R)”), “Share-Based Payment”, which is a revision of SFAS 123. SFAS 123(R) supersedes APB 25 and amends SFAS 95, “Statement of Cash Flows”. The approach in SFAS 123(R) is generally similar to the approach described in SFAS 123. However, SFAS 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Pro forma disclosure will no longer be an alternative.
The Company adopted SFAS 123(R) as of January 1, 2006 using the modified prospective method. Under this transition method, compensation cost is recognized beginning with the date (i) based on the requirements of SFAS 123(R) for all share-based payments granted after the effective date and (ii) based on the requirements of SFAS 123 for all awards granted to employees prior to the effective date of SFAS 123(R) that remain unvested on the effective date. As permitted by SFAS 123, through December 31, 2005 the Company accounted for share-based payments to employees using APB 25’s intrinsic value method and, as such, generally has not recognized compensation cost for employee stock options. The Company expects that the adoption of SFAS 123(R) will have a material impact on its results of operations.
F-29
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| (y) | Recent Accounting Pronouncements (continued) |
In June 2005, the FASB issued SFAS 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”. SFAS 154 changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in the accounting principle. This statement requires retrospective applications to prior periods’ financial statements of a voluntary change in the accounting principle unless it is impracticable. In addition, this statement requires that a change in the depreciation, amortization, or depletion for long-lived, non-financial assets be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate effected by a change in accounting principle. This new accounting standard is effective on January 1, 2006. The Company has applied the provision of SFAS 154 in preparing these restated financial statements.
In September 2005, the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a final consensus on Issue 04-13, “Accounting for Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty”. EITF 04-13 requires that two or more legally separate exchange transactions with the same counterparty be combined and considered a single arrangement for purposes of applying APB Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions”, when the transactions are entered into in contemplation of one another. EITF 04-13 is effective for new arrangements entered into, or modifications or renewals of existing arrangements, in interim or annual periods beginning after March 15, 2006. The adoption of EITF 04-13 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In November 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) 115-1, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments”, which provides guidance on determining when investments in certain debt and equity securities are considered impaired, whether that impairment is other-than-temporary and on measuring such impairment loss. FSP 115-1 also includes accounting considerations subsequent to the recognition of other-than temporary impairment and requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses that have not been recognized as other-than-temporary impairments. FSP 115-1 is required to be applied to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of FSP 115-1 but the Company does not expect that it will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140”. It allows financial instruments that have embedded derivatives that otherwise would require bifurcation from the host to be accounted for as a whole, if the holder irrevocably elects to account for the whole instrument on a fair value basis. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the instrument would be recognized in earnings. The standard also clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirement of SFAS 133; establishes a requirement to evaluate interest in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation; clarifies that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives; and amends SFAS 140 to eliminate the prohibition on a qualifying special-purpose entity from holding derivative financial instrument that pertains to a beneficial interest other than another derivative financial instrument. SFAS 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued by the Company after January 1, 2007. The Company is evaluating the effect of the adoption of SFAS 155. It is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
F-30
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| (a) | Praxa Limited (“Praxa”) |
On February 12, 2003, the Company acquired a 100% equity interest in Praxa through the acquisition of the entire issued share capital of Praxa. In accordance with SFAS 141, “Business Combinations”, this acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of Praxa’s operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. Praxa’s core business is the provision of information technology products and services in the form of outsourcing, application development and support, and systems integration in Australia and Asia. The acquisition of Praxa increased the number of clients for Praxa’s low-cost China-based outsourcing platform and extended the distribution network of the Company’s own software products to Australia.
The purchase price was approximately $3,567 in cash.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
| | | | |
Current assets | | $ | 4,552 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 1,061 | |
Goodwill | | | 3,589 | |
Intangible assets * ** | | | 1,514 | |
Other assets | | | 193 | |
| | | | |
Total assets acquired ** | | | 10,909 | |
| | | | |
| |
Current liabilities | | | (7,292 | ) |
Deferred tax liabilities ** | | | (50 | ) |
| | | | |
Total liabilities assumed ** | | | (7,342 | ) |
| | | | |
Net assets acquired | | $ | 3,567 | |
| | | | |
* | The weighted average useful life of all amortizable identifiable intangible assets acquired, which represented customer base, is approximately 5 years. |
** | The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been restated to include certain adjustments to deferred tax liabilities due to the inappropriate application of U.S. GAAP in the opening balance sheet of the acquired company. |
The goodwill $3,589 was assigned to the Business Services segment and such goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets was derived from a valuation from an independent third party.
| (b) | Palmweb Inc. (“Palmweb”) |
In April 2003, China.com Inc. acquired a 100% equity interest in Palmweb through the acquisition of the entire issued share capital of Palmweb. In accordance with SFAS 141, this acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of operations of Palmweb and its subsidiary and variable interest entities (collectively the “Palmweb Group”) have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. Palmweb is primarily engaged in the provision of MVAS services in Mainland China. The acquisition enabled the Company to enter the MVAS market in Mainland China.
F-31
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
4. | BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (continued) |
| (b) | Palmweb Inc. (“Palmweb”) (continued) |
The total purchase consideration, including amounts to be paid to certain employees of Palmweb as further detailed below, was as follows:
| - | | initial cash consideration of $14,000; and |
| - | | earnout cash consideration which is equal to the aggregate of (i) an amount equal to the audited net income of the Palmweb Group for the year ended December 31, 2003 multiplied by 3.56918 and (ii) an amount equal to the audited net income of the Palmweb Group for the year ended December 31, 2004 multiplied by 1.13982; less the amount already paid (the “Contingent Consideration”). The total purchase consideration was subject to a maximum of $55,000. |
The initial cash consideration of $14,000 was paid in April 2003. The Contingent Consideration based on the audited net income of the Palmweb Group for the year ended December 31, 2003 was finalized at $41,000 and was paid in February 2004. Of the Contingent Consideration, $39,835 has been accounted for as an adjustment of the purchase price, and the remaining $1,165 was accounted for as compensation for employees’ services for the year ended December 31, 2003.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
| | | | |
Current assets | | $ | 7,058 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 402 | |
Goodwill | | | 47,704 | |
Intangible assets * | | | | |
Customer base | | | 2,064 | |
Software applications and programs | | | 104 | |
Business licenses and partnership agreements | | | 654 | |
Other assets | | | 66 | |
| | | | |
Total assets acquired | | | 58,052 | |
| | | | |
| |
Current liabilities | | | (3,286 | ) |
Deferred tax liabilities | | | (931 | ) |
| | | | |
Total liabilities assumed | | | (4,217 | ) |
| | | | |
Net assets acquired | | $ | 53,835 | |
| | | | |
* | The weighted average useful life of all amortizable identifiable intangible assets acquired is approximately 3 years. The weighted average useful life of the customer base and software applications and programs is approximately 2 years, and the weighted average useful life of the business licenses and partnership agreements is approximately 6 to 7 years. |
Goodwill was assigned to the Mobile Services and Applications segment and such goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets was derived from a valuation from an independent third party.
F-32
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
4. | BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (continued) |
(c)IMI Global Holdings Ireland Limited (“IMI”)
On September 9, 2003, the Company acquired a 51% equity interest in Cayman First Tier, an investment holding company organized in the Cayman Islands which owns 100% of IMI. In accordance with SFAS 141, this acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of Cayman First Tier group have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. IMI is a leading provider of supply chain management solutions in North America and Europe. Supply chain management software is considered by the Company as an important component of a broad enterprise resource planning product and service offering, and forms part of the Company’s strategic software initiative. The remaining 49% equity interest is held by Symphony Technology Group (“Symphony”), a Palo Alto, California-based private equity firm focused on enterprise software and services, which previously owned 100% of IMI. Symphony has an option to sell to the Company all of its 49% interest in IMI at any time during the twelve months following the occurrence of unpermitted changes in the composition of IMI’s executive committee being overruled by the IMI board, or modifications to the rights, powers or responsibilities of IMI’s executive committee without the approval of the directors appointed by Symphony. The purchase price for Symphony’s interest in IMI is based on the financial performance of IMI, and is set at a fixed multiple of IMI’s annual revenues. In consideration for the 51% interest, the Company has agreed to invest $25,000 into Cayman First Tier, and has also agreed to finance loan facilities for Cayman First Tier and Symphony Enterprise Solutions, S.ar.L., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cayman First Tier of up to an aggregate of $25,000. All the funds provided to Cayman First Tier are intended to be used primarily for further expansion in the supply chain management software sector via acquisitions, strategic investments and organic growth.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
| | | | |
Current assets | | $ | 36,363 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 1,689 | |
Goodwill (Restated)** | | | 18,374 | |
Intangible assets | | | | |
Customer base | | | 2,629 | |
Software applications and programs | | | 2,434 | |
Other assets | | | 2,184 | |
| | | | |
Total assets acquired (Restated)** | | | 63,673 | |
| | | | |
| |
Current liabilities | | | (26,178 | ) |
Minority interests (Restated)** | | | (12,495 | ) |
| | | | |
Total liabilities assumed (Restated)** | | | (38,673 | ) |
| | | | |
Net assets acquired | | $ | 25,000 | |
| | | | |
* | The weighted average useful life of all amortizable identifiable intangible assets acquired is approximately 7 years. The weighted average useful life of the customer base is 10 years, and the weighted average useful life of the software applications and programs is approximately 4 years. |
** | The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed has been restated to include the amount for the minority’s proportionate interest based on the historical cost of the subsidiary pursuant to ARB 51. |
F-33
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
4. | BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (continued) |
| (c) | IMI Global Holdings Ireland Limited (“IMI”) (continued) |
Goodwill of $18,374 (Restated) was assigned to the Software segment and such goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
| (d) | Pivotal Corporation (“Pivotal”) |
On February 25, 2004, the Company acquired a 100% equity interest in Pivotal through the acquisition of the entire issued share capital of Pivotal. In accordance with SFAS 141, this acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of Pivotal’s operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. Pivotal is a developer of CRM software solutions in Canada. The acquisition of Pivotal provided a complement to the Company’s existing portfolio of proprietary software solutions.
The total purchase price comprised of $35,925 in cash, 1,846,429 CDC Class A common shares valued at $21,363 at the date of acquisition, CDC stock options issued in exchange for vested in-the-money Pivotal stock options with a total value of $481, and transaction costs of $348.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
| | | | |
Current assets (Restated) ** | | $ | 14,624 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 1,500 | |
Goodwill (Restated) ** | | | 43,979 | |
Intangible assets * | | | | |
Customer base and contracts | | | 11,183 | |
Software applications and programs | | | 8,963 | |
Trademarks | | | 4,476 | |
Other assets | | | 987 | |
| | | | |
Total assets acquired (Restated) ** | | | 85,712 | |
| | | | |
| |
Current liabilities (Restated) ** | | | (27,595 | ) |
| | | | |
Total liabilities assumed (Restated) ** | | | (27,595 | ) |
| | | | |
Net assets acquired | | $ | 58,117 | |
| | | | |
* | The weighted average useful life of all amortizable identifiable intangible assets acquired is 5 years. The weighted average useful life of the customer base and contracts is 5 years, and the weighted average useful life of the software applications and programs is 5 years. Trademarks have an indefinite useful life. |
** | The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been restated to include certain adjustments to accounts receivable allowance and accrued restructuring costs due to theinappropriate application of U.S. GAAP in the opening balance sheet of the acquired company. |
F-34
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
4. | BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (continued) |
| (d) | Pivotal Corporation (“Pivotal”) (continued) |
The goodwill was assigned to the Software segment and such goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets was derived from a valuation from an independent third party.
| (e) | Group Team Investments Ltd. (“Group Team”) |
On May 20, 2004, the Company acquired a 100% equity interest in Group Team through the acquisition of its entire issued share capital. The principal assets of Group Team are its investment in Beijing He He IVR Mobile Technology Limited (“Beijing He He IVR”), which is held through another wholly-owned subsidiary, and its interest in Beijing He He Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing He He”). Group Team, through Beijing He He IVR and Beijing He He, is engaged in the provision of MVAS to mobile phone subscribers in the PRC. In accordance with SFAS 141, this acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of Group Team’s consolidated operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. The Group Team acquisition expanded the Company’s MVAS operations in the PRC.
The components of the purchase price were: (i) an initial cash consideration of $9,600; and (ii) an earn-out cash consideration which is equal to the aggregate of (a) an amount equal to the audited net income of Group Team’s consolidated operations for the year ended December 31, 2004 multiplied by 9.9 at 50% (“First Earnout Payment”) and (b) an amount equal to the audited net income of Group Team’s consolidated operations for the year ended December 31, 2005 multiplied by 9.9 at 15% (“Second Earnout Payment”). The total purchase consideration is not to exceed $60,000. The initial cash consideration of $9,600 was paid in April 2004. The estimated First Earnout Payment of $12,559 was accrued for at December 31, 2004. During 2005, the First Earnout payment was adjusted to $12,978 and was paid in April 2005. The Company will not pay the Second Earnout Payment because Group Team had a net loss in 2005.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
| | | | |
Current assets | | $ | 3,026 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 453 | |
Goodwill | | | 15,693 | |
Intangible assets * | | | | |
Business licenses and partnership agreements | | | 4,003 | |
Customer base | | | 150 | |
Software applications and programs | | | 58 | |
Other assets | | | 21 | |
| | | | |
Total assets acquired | | | 23,404 | |
| | | | |
| |
Current liabilities | | | (1,245 | ) |
| | | | |
Total liabilities assumed | | | (1,245 | ) |
| | | | |
Net assets acquired ** | | $ | 22,159 | |
| | | | |
* | The weighted average useful life of all amortizable identifiable intangible assets acquired is approximately 4 years. The weighted average useful life of the partnership agreements and business licenses is approximately 4 years and the weighted average useful life of the customer base and software applications and programs is approximately 2 years. |
** | Based on the initial cash consideration of $9,600 payable at the date of acquisition and the First Earnout Payment of $12,978 paid in April 2005, of which $12,559 was accrued for at December 31, 2004. The initial cash consideration of $9,600 and the First Earnout Payment of $12,978 were recorded as an increase in goodwill. The Company will not pay the Second Earnout Payment because Group Team had a net loss in 2005. |
F-35
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
4. | BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (continued) |
| (e) | Group Team Investments Ltd. (“Group Team”) (continued) |
The goodwill was assigned to the Mobile Services and Applications segment and such goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets was derived from a valuation from an independent third party.
Subsequent to the acquisition, on August 18, 2004, the investment was transferred to China.com Inc., an 81% owned subsidiary of the Company. This deemed disposal resulted in a gain on deemed disposal of $253 for the year ended December 31, 2004.
| (f) | Ross Systems, Inc. (“Ross”) |
On August 26, 2004, the Company acquired a 100% equity interest in Ross through the acquisition of the entire issued share capital of Ross. In accordance with SFAS 141, this acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of Ross’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. Ross’ core business is the provision of enterprise software products to mid-market clients. The Ross acquisition expanded the Company’s enterprise software product portfolio. The total purchase price comprised of $40,707 in cash, 6,111,117 CDC Class A common shares valued at $26,584 at the date of acquisition (120,848 shares valued at $526 remained unpaid as of December 31, 2004), CDC stock options issued in exchange for vested in-the-money Ross stock options with a total value of $1,708, and transaction costs of $1,129.
The following table on page F-37 summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
F-36
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
4. | BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (continued) |
| (f) | Ross Systems, Inc. (“Ross”) (continued) |
| | | | |
Current assets | | $ | 14,001 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 2,609 | |
Goodwill (Restated) ** | | | 45,864 | |
Intangible assets * | | | | |
Customer base and contracts | | | 6,600 | |
Software applications and programs | | | 19,600 | |
Trademarks | | | 3,400 | |
Other assets | | | 62 | |
| | | | |
Total assets acquired (Restated) ** | | | 92,136 | |
| | | | |
| |
Current liabilities (Restated) ** | | | (20,930 | ) |
Deferred revenues (Restated) ** | | | (1,078 | ) |
| | | | |
Total liabilities assumed (Restated) ** | | | (22,008 | ) |
| | | | |
Net assets acquired | | $ | 70,128 | |
| | | | |
* | The weighted average useful life of all amortizable identifiable intangible assets acquired is 7 years. The weighted average useful life of the customer base and contracts is 7 years, and the weighted average useful life of the software applications and programs is 7 years. Trademarks have an indefinite useful life. |
** | The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been restated to include certain adjustments to accrued expenses and deferred revenues due to the inappropriate application of U.S. GAAP in the opening balance sheet of the acquired company. |
The goodwill was assigned to the Software segment and such goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets was derived from a valuation from an independent third party.
F-37
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
4. | BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (continued) |
| (g) | Unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information |
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information reflects the Company’s consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 as if the acquisitions of Pivotal, Group Team and Ross had occurred as at January 1, 2003 and January 1, 2004, respectively. These pro forma results have been prepared for information purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of what the Company’s consolidated results of operations would have been had the acquisitions of these subsidiaries actually taken place on January 1, 2003 and 2004, respectively, and may not be indicative of future results of operations.
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year Ended December 31, 2004 | |
| | (unaudited) | | | (unaudited) | |
| | | | | (Restated) | |
Revenue | | $ | 183,868 | | | $ | 224,025 | |
Net loss | | $ | (2,995 | ) | | $ | (31,399 | ) |
Basic and diluted loss per share | | $ | (0.03 | ) | | $ | (0.30 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
The difference in the pro forma and audited net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 is primarily due to the inclusion of the results of operations of the acquired subsidiaries from the beginning of the respective years of acquisition and for the immediately preceding comparable year as though the corresponding business combinations had been completed at the beginning of that year, net of the additional amortization of corresponding purchased amortizable intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004.
The Company did not have material acquisitions in 2005; accordingly, no pro forma disclosure has been presented.
At December 31, 2004 and 2005, cash of $3,886 and $1,886 (Restated), respectively, was pledged for banking facilities of the Company.
F-38
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2004 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Accounts receivable: | | | | | | | | |
Amounts billed | | $ | 41,744 | | | $ | 45,724 | |
Unbilled | | | 6,561 | | | | 5,877 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 48,305 | | | | 51,601 | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | | (4,011 | ) | | | (4,112 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net | | $ | 44,294 | | | $ | 47,489 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
| | | | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at beginning of year | | $ | 4,139 | | | $ | 2,816 | | | $ | 4,011 | |
Additions | | | 2,297 | | | | 4,834 | | | | 1,450 | |
Write-offs, net of recoveries | | | (3,620 | ) | | | (3,639 | ) | | | (1,349 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at end of year | | $ | 2,816 | | | $ | 4,011 | | | $ | 4,112 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unbilled receivables represent the recognized sales value of performance relating to the Software and Business Services segments and these amounts had not been billed and were not billable to the customers at the balance sheet date. The balances will be billed upon the fulfillment of certain conditions agreed between the parties.
7. | AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE DEBT SECURITIES |
At December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, the Company evaluated the length of time and extent to which the market value of certain of its securities had been less than their cost, as well as the financial condition and performance of the issuer and the Company’s intention and ability to hold such securities to recovery or maturity. The Company records an impairment loss on securities for which the decrease in fair value of the debt securities was determined to be other-than-temporary. At December 31, 2005, none of the Company’s securities were determined to have an other-than-temporary impairment.
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2004 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
Debt obligations issued by corporations and U.S. federally supervised/chartered organizations: | | | | | | | | |
Amortized cost | | $ | 180,783 | | | $ | 151,504 | |
Net unrealized loss * | | | (844 | ) | | | (3,353 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Estimated fair value | | | 179,939 | | | | 148,151 | |
Restricted debt securities pledged for banking facilities | | | (75,780 | ) | | | (32,270 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Non-restricted | | $ | 104,159 | | | $ | 115,881 | |
| | | | | | | | |
* | The net unrealized loss consisted of gross unrealized gain of $21 (2004: $34) and gross unrealized loss of $3,374 (2004: $878). |
F-39
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
7. | AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE DEBT SECURITIES (continued) |
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, the gross realized gain amounts were $6,834, $218 and $500, respectively, and the gross realized loss amounts were $5,356, $208 and $21, respectively.
Non-restricted available-for-sale debt securities consisted of:
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2004 | | December 31, 2005 |
Current | | $ | 94,259 | | $ | 23,118 |
Non-current | | | 9,900 | | | 92,763 |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 104,159 | | $ | 115,881 |
| | | | | | |
At December 31, 2005, all the available-for-sale debt securities were carried at market value and temporary unrealized gains and losses at December 31, 2005 were reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). All available-for-sale debt securities held by the Company have maturity terms ranging from one to ten years. At December 31, 2004 and 2005, the Company’s debt securities had maturity dates falling due as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2004 | | December 31, 2005 |
| |
Maturity date: | | | | | | |
One year or less | | $ | 19,980 | | $ | 34,956 |
Within one year to five years | | | 150,059 | | | 113,195 |
Within five years to ten years | | | 9,900 | | | — |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 179,939 | | $ | 148,151 |
| | | | | | |
Included in the total available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 were debt securities with a market value of $75,780 and $32,270, respectively, which were segregated and secured in accordance with the Company’s lines of credit as further discussed in Note 13.
The balance of the loan receivable as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 related to a $25,000 loan to Symphony, a minority shareholder of a subsidiary of the Company, Cayman First Tier (the holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands which owns a 100% interest of an operating subsidiary, IMI). The loan bears interest at 3% per annum and is repayable in November 2007. The loan is secured by a pledge from Symphony in favor of Cayman First Tier of all of Symphony’s right, title and interest in Symphony’s 49% interest in Cayman First Tier.
F-40
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2004 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Leasehold improvements | | $ | 2,449 | | | $ | 2,133 | |
Furniture and fixtures | | | 1,116 | | | | 747 | |
Office equipment | | | 1,950 | | | | 1,649 | |
Computer equipment | | | 29,987 | | | | 26,312 | |
Motor vehicles | | | 480 | | | | 320 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 35,982 | | | | 31,161 | |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | | | (28,018 | ) | | | (24,935 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Property and Equipment, net | | $ | 7,964 | | | $ | 6,226 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Depreciation expense was $5,293, $3,721 and $3,866 (Restated) for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Software | | | Business Services | | | Mobile Services and Applications | | Internet and Media | | | Total | |
Balance as of January 1, 2004 (Restated) | | $ | 17,686 | | | $ | 18,570 | | | $ | 47,706 | | $ | 5,334 | | | $ | 89,296 | |
Foreign currency adjustment (Restated) | | | 1,975 | | | | 255 | | | | 2 | | | — | | | | 2,232 | |
Goodwill acquired during the year (Restated) | | | 94,531 | | | | — | | | | 15,693 | | | 325 | | | | 110,549 | |
Purchase accounting adjustments (Restated) | | | 375 | | | | (351 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | 24 | |
Less: Goodwill written off related to sale/dissolution of business units | | | (363 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | | (363 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2004 and January 1, 2005 (Restated) | | | 114,204 | | | | 18,474 | | | | 63,401 | | | 5,659 | | | | 201,738 | |
Reallocation of goodwill | | | — | | | | 362 | | | | — | | | (362 | ) | | | — | |
Foreign currency adjustment (Restated) | | | (3,781 | ) | | | (443 | ) | | | 1,552 | | | 138 | | | | (2,534 | ) |
Goodwill acquired during the year | | | — | | | | 2,048 | | | | 1,521 | | | — | | | | 3,569 | |
Purchase accounting adjustments (Restated) | | | (3,241 | ) | | | 712 | | | | 419 | | | — | | | | (2,110 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2005 | | $ | 107,182 | | | $ | 21,153 | | | $ | 66,893 | | $ | 5,435 | | | $ | 200,663 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In conjunction with the change in the segment reporting (Note 3) the Company renamed the Advertising/Marketing segment the Internet and Media segment and reallocated certain reporting units from the Advertising/Marketing segment into Business Services segment. Simultaneously, the Company reallocated $362 in goodwill from Internet and Media to Business Services segment related to these reporting units.
F-41
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization as of December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2004 | | 2005 |
| | Gross carrying amount | | Accumulated amortization | | | Net | | Gross carrying amount | | Accumulated amortization | | | Net |
| | (Restated) | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | | (Restated) | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) |
URLs | | $ | 16,956 | | $ | (2,543 | ) | | $ | 14,413 | | $ | 16,956 | | $ | (3,390 | ) | | $ | 13,566 |
Software applications and programs | | | 38,101 | | | (5,105 | ) | | | 32,996 | | | 46,374 | | | (12,984 | ) | | | 33,390 |
Customer base and contracts | | | 28,096 | | | (6,416 | ) | | | 21,680 | | | 26,126 | | | (10,277 | ) | | | 15,849 |
Business licenses and partnership agreements | | | 5,708 | | | (1,307 | ) | | | 4,401 | | | 5,290 | | | (2,462 | ) | | | 2,828 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Intangible Assets | | $ | 88,861 | | $ | (15,371 | ) | | $ | 73,490 | | $ | 94,746 | | $ | (29,113 | ) | | $ | 65,633 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
These intangible assets are amortized on the straight-line basis over the estimated economic lives of the assets. The Company had trademarks not subject to amortization with carrying values of $7,941 as of December 31, 2004 and 2005.
Amortization expense was $3,177, $11,496 (Restated) and $13,433 (Restated) for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The following table summarizes the estimated amortization expense for each of the following five years based on the current amount of intangible assets subject to amortization:
| | | |
Year ended December 31: | | (Restated) |
2006 | | $ | 14,349 |
2007 | | $ | 14,211 |
2008 | | $ | 12,188 |
2009 | | $ | 5,843 |
2010 | | $ | 5,005 |
12. | AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE EQUITY SECURITIES |
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2004 | | December 31, 2005 |
Cost | | $ | 411 | | $ | 422 |
Net unrealized gain * | | | 116 | | | 237 |
| | | | | | |
Market value | | $ | 527 | | $ | 659 |
| | | | | | |
* | For the year ended December 31, 2005, the net unrealized gain consisted of gross unrealized gain of $251 (2004: $151) and gross unrealized loss of $14 (2004: $35). |
F-42
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
12. | AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE EQUITY SECURITIES (continued) |
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, the gross realized gain was $3,545, $166 and $84, respectively, and the gross realized loss was $424, $9 and $38, respectively.
At the balance sheet date, the Company evaluated the length of time and extent to which the market value of certain of its securities had been in an unrealized loss position as well as the financial condition and performance of the issuer of the equity securities and concluded that no impairment was other-than-temporary.
Under the line of credit arrangements with two banks, Fortis Bank and Standard Chartered Bank, the Company may borrow up to $350,000 on such terms as the Company and the banks mutually agree upon. Except for bank loans of $26,249 to be repaid in 2006, these arrangements do not have termination dates but are reviewed annually for renewal. At December 31, 2005, the unused portion of the credit lines was $324,000.
The Company’s line of credit with Fortis Bank is a repurchase agreement pursuant to which the Company sold certain debt securities to the bank at a discounted price, and the bank agreed to sell the same debt securities back to the Company at the same price at the termination of the greement. Throughout the term of the agreement, Fortis Bank will pay to the Company any income associated with the debt securities and the Company will pay to the bank interest calculated using the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 0.2% per annum.
In 2004, the Company entered into a collateralized credit facility agreement with Standard Chartered Bank under which the Company deposits debt securities as collateral in exchange for cash. During the term of the agreement, the bank maintains a charge on such debt securities. The bank will pay to the Company any income associated with the collateralized debt securities and the Company shall pay to the bank interest calculated using the LIBOR plus 0.3% per annum. In February 2005, this rate was renegotiated to LIBOR plus 0.2% per annum.
In connection with the credit lines granted to the Company, the Company maintained compensating balances of $3,886 and $2,086 in cash at December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and pledged available-for-sale debt securities with a net book value of $75,780 and $32,270 at December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
The weighted average interest rates on short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 were 2.0% and 3.6% per annum, respectively.
F-43
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
14. | ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS |
The components of accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss) are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Unrealized gains (losses) on available- for-sale securities | | | Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | Total | |
| | | | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Balance at December 31, 2003 | | $ | (151 | ) | | $ | 3,822 | | | $ | 3,671 | |
Unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | | | (593 | ) | | | — | | | | (593 | ) |
Minority interests’ share of unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | | | 53 | | | | — | | | | 53 | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | — | | | | 1,750 | | | | 1,750 | |
Less: reclassification adjustment for losses, net of gains included in net loss | | | 274 | | | | — | | | | 274 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | | $ | (417 | ) | | $ | 5,572 | | | $ | 5,155 | |
Unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | | | (2,534 | ) | | | — | | | | (2,534 | ) |
Minority interests’ share of unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities | | | 217 | | | | — | | | | 217 | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | — | | | | (355 | ) | | | (355 | ) |
Less: reclassification adjustment for losses, net of gains included in net loss | | | 146 | | | | — | | | | 146 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | | $ | (2,588 | ) | | $ | 5,217 | | | $ | 2,629 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-44
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
15. | SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION |
The Company incurred the following expenses which are not separately reflected in the consolidated statement of operations:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
Minimum rental expenses under operating leases (Restated) | | $ | 3,086 | | $ | 9,630 | | $ | 10,042 |
Advertising expenses | | $ | 580 | | $ | 2,249 | | $ | 5,050 |
Defined contribution retirement plans expenses | | $ | 2,922 | | $ | 3,459 | | $ | 2,148 |
16. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
In addition to the transactions and balances detailed elsewhere in these financial statements, the Company had the following material transactions with related parties during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005.
(a) Golden Tripod Limited.In June 2001, the Company signed contracts with entities affiliated with the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC (formerly known as XinHua News Agency, or “Xinhua”), Golden Tripod (Holdings) Limited, or Golden Tripod, and Xinhua News Agency Shanghai Branch, or Shanghai Xinhua, to acquire 30% of the shares of Xin Hua Asia Pacific TV (H.K.) Center Limited, a company 51% owned by Golden Tripod and 49% owned by Shanghai Xinhua, as well as to form a 50% owned joint venture in the PRC. The Company paid $500 as a deposit after the contracts had been signed. As certain conditions precedent for the joint venture were not met during the course of 2001, the Company terminated the transaction and made a bad debt provision for the full deposit amount at the end of the year. The Company obtained a refund amounting to $348 in 2003.
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, the Company paid management fees of $137, $132 and $77, respectively, to Golden Tripod Limited, an entity affiliated with Xinhua, one of the Company’s major shareholders, for the provision of general management services to the Company, including consultancy fees of consultants provided by Golden Tripod Limited.
(b) Asia Pacific Online Limited (“APOL”).APOL is a Cayman Islands company that is 50% owned by the spouse of Peter Yip, who acted as the chief executive officer of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and between January and February 2005, and 50% owned by a trust set up for the benefit of Mr. Yip’s children. In January 2002, the Company entered into a service agreement with APOL (the “January 2002 Services Agreement”). Under this agreement, the Company agreed to provide an annual management fee of $0.001 and reimburse expenses incurred up to $270 annually for the provision of general management services principally consisting of the provision of full-time services by Mr. Yip to act as the Company’s chief executive officer. The January 2002 Services Agreement was renewed in 2003. As of March 31, 2006, APOL is the owner of 11,927,653 Class A common shares of the Company and had exercisable options to purchase additional 3,106,442 Class A common shares of the Company. These options include options to purchase 200,000 Class A common shares of the Company granted on June 3, 2003 at an exercise price of $4.95 per share, 100,000 Class A common shares of the Company granted on June 16, 2003 at an exercise price of $5.16 per share, 75,000 Class A common shares of the Company granted on September 15, 2005 at an exercise price of $2.99 and 50,000 Class A common shares of the Company granted on January 3, 2006 at an exercise price of $3.22 per share.
F-45
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
16. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
| (b) | Asia Pacific Online Limited (“APOL”) (continued) |
In addition, Mr. Yip has exercisable options to purchase 190,000 Class A common shares of the Company. Mr. Yip’s spouse also owns 4,094,349 Class A common shares of the Company.
(c) Harry Edelson lawsuit against the Company.In connection with Harry Edelson, a former director of the Company, lawsuit against the Company, the Company is paying the cost’s of outside counsel retained to represent Raymond Ch’ien and Peter Yip in this matter (Note 28). For the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, the Company paid $201 and $53, respectively, for such fees.
17. | VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES |
The MVAS and Internet content services are subject to foreign ownership restrictions in the PRC. To comply with the PRC laws and regulations that prohibit or restrict foreign ownership of telecommunications and other information services within the PRC, the Company provides substantially all of its MVAS and Internet portal services through its variable interest entities (“VIEs”). These VIEs are owned by certain employees of the Company who are PRC citizens (the “Nominees”). The Company funds the capital invested in these companies via interest-free loans to these PRC employees. These loans are eliminated in consolidation along with the capital of the VIEs. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the total amount of interest-free loans to the Nominees were approximately $4,868 and $6,195, respectively. The Company has not pledged any assets as collateral for the obligations of any of the VIEs and the creditors of the VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company.
The Company has entered into various contractual arrangements with the Nominees. Such contractual arrangements establish and facilitate the Company’s control over the operations of each of these VIEs. Under these contractual arrangements, each of the Nominees declares and undertakes that he or she holds equity interests in the relevant VIEs in trust for the Company. Each of these Nominees also undertakes to transfer his or her ownership in these entities to designees of the Company at any time for the amount of loans outstanding. These Nominees are also required to execute proxies to the designated representatives of the Company at the request of the Company to enable such representatives to attend and vote at shareholders’ meetings of these VIEs. Through these contractual arrangements, the Company is able to cause the individuals designated by it to be appointed as the directors and senior management of each of the VIEs.
The Company has also entered into exclusive technical service agreements with the VIEs under which the Company provides technical and other services to the VIEs in exchange for substantially all the net income of the VIEs. The technical services provided by the Company to the VIEs, as the case may be, relate to, among others, technologies in respect of MVAS and Internet content services, application software for network servers, system solutions, technical training and content development and design.
The following is a summary of the VIEs of the Company at December 31, 2005. All have been consolidated by the Company in accordance with FIN 46(R) because the Company is the primary beneficiary. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the aggregate accumulated losses of all VIEs, were approximately $679 and $3,970 respectively, and have been reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The entities mentioned below have been organized under the laws of the PRC with Chinese names and do not have official English names.
F-46
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
17. | VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (continued) |
(a) Beijing Newpalm Information Technology Co., Ltd.Beijing Newpalm Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Newpalm”) is a PRC company which provides MVAS services in Mainland China via third party network operators under its telecommunications value-added services
license. Beijing Newpalm is 50% owned by a director of China.com Inc., and 50% owned by a PRC employee of the Company. The registered capital of Beijing Newpalm is $1,217.
(b) Beijing Wisecom Information Technology Co., Ltd.Beijing Wisecom Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Wisecom”) is a PRC company which provides MVAS services in Mainland China via third party network operators under its telecommunications value-added services license. Beijing Wisecom is 50% owned by a director of China.com Inc., and 50% owned by a PRC employee of the Company. The registered capital of Beijing Wisecom is $1,217.
(c) Beijing China.com Technology Services Co., Ltd.Beijing China.com Technology Services Co., Ltd. (“Beijing China.com”) is a PRC company which operates the portal “www.china.com” under its Internet content company license and sells the online advertising space to advertisers or their agents. Beijing China.com is 40% owned by a director of China.com Inc., who is the general manager of Beijing China.com, and the remaining 60% is owned by two PRC employees of the Company who own 40% and 20%, respectively. The registered capital of Beijing China.com is $1,217.
(d) Beijing He He Technology Co., Ltd.Beijing He He Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing He He”) is a PRC company which provides MVAS services in Mainland China via third party network operators under its telecommunications value-added services license. Beijing He He is owned by two PRC employees of the Company who own 50% each. The registered capital of Beijing He He is $1,217.
(e) Shenzhen KK Technology Ltd.Shenzhen KK Technology Ltd. (“SZ KK”) is a PRC company which provides MVAS services in Mainland China via third party network operators under its telecommunications value-added services license. SZ KK is owned by two PRC employees of the Company who own 50% each. The registered capital of SZ KK is $1,327.
Under the current tax laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company and its subsidiaries are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Cayman Islands withholding tax is imposed upon payments of dividends by the Company to its shareholders. The subsidiaries in all geographical regions are governed by the respective local income tax laws with statutory tax rates ranging from 0% to 40%.
F-47
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
18. | INCOME TAXES (continued) |
Significant components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | | (Restated) | |
Current tax expense (benefit) allocated to: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Continuing operations | | $ | (26 | ) | | $ | 1,644 | | $ | 1,307 | |
Discontinued operations | | | (90 | ) | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (116 | ) | | | 1,644 | | | 1,307 | |
| | | |
Deferred tax expense (benefit) allocated to: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tax benefits allocated to goodwill of acquired entities | | | 150 | | | | 1,731 | | | 3,780 | |
Others | | | (572 | ) | | | — | | | (130 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Continuing operations | | | (422 | ) | | | 1,731 | | | 3,650 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | | $ | (538 | ) | | $ | 3,375 | | $ | 4,957 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
| | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | | (Restated) |
International: | | | | | | | | | | |
Current | | $ | (116 | ) | | $ | 1,568 | | $ | 741 |
Deferred | | | (422 | ) | | | 1,517 | | | 1,871 |
| | | |
U.S.: | | | | | | | | | | |
Current | | | — | | | | 76 | | | 518 |
Deferred | | | — | | | | 214 | | | 1,827 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | | $ | (538 | ) | | $ | 3,375 | | $ | 4,957 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Income before provision for income taxes consists of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
International | | $ | 17,073 | | | $ | (904 | ) | | $ | (1,900 | ) |
U.S. | | | (420 | ) | | | 797 | | | | 4,802 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | $ | 16,653 | | | $ | (107 | ) | | $ | 2,902 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-48
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
18. | INCOME TAXES (continued) |
Deferred tax liabilities and assets comprise of the following:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2004 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Short-term | | | | | | | | |
Other | | $ | (426 | ) | | $ | (1,203 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total short-term deferred tax liabilities | | | (426 | ) | | | (1,203 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Long-term | | | | | | | | |
Acquired intangible assets | | | (14,703 | ) | | | (12,553 | ) |
Capitalized software | | | (1,248 | ) | | | (954 | ) |
Indefinite lived assets | | | (2,944 | ) | | | (2,944 | ) |
Other | | | (322 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total long-term deferred tax liabilities | | | (19,217 | ) | | | (16,451 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total deferred tax liabilities | | | (19,643 | ) | | | (17,654 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | | | |
Short-term | | | | | | | | |
Deferred revenue | | | 2,652 | | | | 3,345 | |
Accruals and reserves | | | 4,268 | | | | 3,597 | |
Other | | | 135 | | | | 2,475 | |
Valuation allowance | | | (5,702 | ) | | | (7,943 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net short-term deferred tax assets | | | 1,353 | | | | 1,474 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Long-term | | | | | | | | |
Net operating loss carryforwards | | | 62,118 | | | | 66,391 | |
Net capital loss carryforwards | | | 3,902 | | | | 3,902 | |
Book and tax base differences on assets | | | 6,177 | | | | 6,541 | |
Alternative minimum tax credit | | | — | | | | 227 | |
Research and development | | | 5,144 | | | | 3,806 | |
Deferred compensation | | | 1,250 | | | | 1,140 | |
Valuation allowance | | | (63,517 | ) | | | (69,174 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net long-term deferred tax assets | | | 15,074 | | | | 12,833 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total net deferred tax assets | | | 16,427 | | | | 14,307 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | | $ | (3,216 | ) | | $ | (3,347 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Current deferred tax assets were $1,353 Restated and $1,474 (Restated) as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Non-current deferred tax assets were $15,074 (Restated) and $12,833 (Restated) as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Non-current deferred tax liabilities were $19,217 (Restated) and $16,451 (Restated), as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
F-49
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
18. | INCOME TAXES (continued) |
The reconciliation of income taxes computed at the respective statutory tax rates to the effective income tax provision recorded is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
| | | | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Income tax expense (benefit) computed at the respective statutory rates | | $ | (3,332 | ) | | $ | 3,217 | | | $ | 2,679 | |
Changes in tax rates | | | (1,181 | ) | | | (79 | ) | | | 875 | |
Tax holiday concession | | | (2,806 | ) | | | (4,077 | ) | | | (2,551 | ) |
Non-deductible items | | | 3,903 | | | | 4,038 | | | | 2,594 | |
Non-taxable items | | | (1,271 | ) | | | (752 | ) | | | (1,938 | ) |
provision for income taxes | | | 4,239 | | | | 1,028 | | | | 3,298 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations | | $ | (448 | ) | | $ | 3,375 | | | $ | 4,957 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total income tax expense (benefit) from discontinued operations | | $ | (90 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-50
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
18. | INCOME TAXES (continued) |
Benefits from operating losses not recorded from discontinued operations amounted to $177, $28 and $14 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. None of the amount of income taxes was allocated to translation adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 because the investments in our subsidiaries are considered permanently invested.
Due to its history of losses, the Company does not believe that sufficient objective and positive evidence currently exists to conclude that the recoverability of certain of its deferred tax assets is more likely than not. Consequently, the Company has provided valuation allowances of $69,219 (Restated) and $77,112 (Restated) as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, to cover its net deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets has increased by $7,893 (Restated) in 2005. The increase was primarily due to the effect of additional operating losses generated in 2005. A maximum of $59,903 of the valuation allowance for which tax benefits are subsequently recognized will be allocated to reduce the goodwill.
At December 31, 2005, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $239,018 for income tax purposes, $88,790 (Restated) of which will expire from 2006 to 2026 and $150,228 of which can be carried forward indefinitely.
Newpalm (China) Information Technology Company Limited (“Newpalm”), a subsidiary of Palmweb Inc. established in the PRC, is governed by the Income Tax Laws of the PRC concerning Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises and various local income tax laws (the “PRC Income Tax Laws”). Pursuant to the PRC Income Tax Laws, Newpalm is subject to corporate income tax at a rate of 33% (30% state income tax plus 3% local income tax). Under the PRC Income Tax Laws, foreign investment enterprises satisfying certain criteria receive preferential tax treatment. Because Newpalm has obtained the status of “manufacturing enterprise”, it is entitled to a reduced corporate income tax rate of 15%. During the year ended December 31, 2005, Newpalm received a confirmation from the relevant tax authorities that it would be fully exempt from PRC corporate income tax for both the 2003 and 2004 fiscal years and is entitled to a 50% tax reduction from 2005 to 2007 fiscal years. The tax concessions were $3,547 and $2,443 for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the per share effects were approximately $0.03 and $0.02 for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
Beijing He He established in the PRC, is governed by the PRC Income Tax Laws. Under the PRC Income Tax Laws, enterprises satisfying certain criteria receive preferential tax treatment. Because Beijing He He has obtained the status of “new high technology enterprise” and is registered and operating in the Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park, it is entitled to a reduced corporate income tax rate of 15% upon expiry of its tax holiday period. Beijing He He was granted a “tax holiday” for exemption of PRC corporate income tax for three years starting from 2003 and is entitled to a 50% tax reduction, subject to official approval from the relevant PRC tax authority, for three consecutive years starting from 2006. The tax concession was $191 and Nil for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the per share effect was approximately Nil for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005.
Pivotal Bangalore Software Development Private Limited (“Pivotal India”), a subsidiary of Pivotal Corporation established in India, is subject to Indian corporate income tax at a rate of 35%. Upon fulfilling certain criteria, Pivotal India is entitled to certain Indian corporate income tax exemptions due to its status as a “100% Software Export Oriented Unit” located in the Bangalore Software Technology Park. Management believes that the necessary criteria for tax exemption have been met for the full year of 2004 and 2005 and accordingly, no provision for Indian corporate income tax has been made for the years.
F-51
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
18. | INCOME TAXES (continued) |
The tax concessions were $339 and $108 for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the per share effect was Nil for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005. The corporate income tax exemption is available until March 31, 2009. Management believes that Pivotal India will fulfill the necessary criteria for tax exemption in future periods. The effect of the future tax exemptions will be recognized when the fulfillment of such criteria is ascertained.
19. | BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE |
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
| | |
| | | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | | $ | 14,844 | | $ | (4,407 | ) | | $ | (3,464 | ) |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of gain on disposal/dissolution | | | 924 | | | (1,560 | ) | | | (50 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | | $ | 15,768 | | $ | (5,967 | ) | | $ | (3,514 | ) |
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of shares after adjusting for share splits | | | 100,532,594 | | | 105,898,392 | | | | 111,085,657 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of shares after adjusting for share splits | | | 100,532,594 | | | 105,898,392 | | | | 111,085,657 | |
Effect of dilutive securities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dilutive common shares equivalent | | | 2,666,827 | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of shares after adjusting for share splits | | | 103,199,421 | | | 105,898,392 | | | | 111,085,657 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | | $ | 0.15 | | $ | (0.04 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations | | | 0.01 | | | (0.02 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders | | $ | 0.16 | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | | $ | 0.15 | | $ | (0.04 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations | | | 0.01 | | | (0.02 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders | | $ | 0.16 | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
F-52
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
19. | BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE (continued) |
The computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share did not assume the conversion of the Company’s warrants for 2003 and its stock options for 2004 and 2005 because their inclusion would have been antidilutive.
20. | DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS |
The Company reviews all business units monthly and analyzes the (i) cash flow performance; (ii) profitability; and (iii) viability of the business units.
These reviews are conducted in the context of the overall strategic direction of the Company. If a business unit is not profitable, has negative cash flows, does not appear to have growth potential or a path to profitability, and does not fit with the overall Company’s strategy, management may discontinue it either through sale to a third party (“disposal”) or liquidation/closure (“dissolution”) of the business.
During the year ended December 31, 2003, the Company discontinued the operations of certain subsidiaries, primarily in the Business Services and Internet and Media segments, under the new segment classification, while certain discontinued subsidiaries were included in the Others segment. During 2004, the Company sold and closed certain unprofitable subsidiaries, primarily in the Software and Internet and Media segments, while certain discontinued subsidiaries were included in the Others segment. During 2005, the Company did not have material discontinued operations.
The following table sets forth the balance sheet and statement of operations information, including the Company’s net gain (loss) on disposal/dissolution, for operations discontinued during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
Total assets as of the date of disposal/dissolution | | $ | 7,266 | | | $ | 2,177 | | | $ | 4 | |
Total liabilities as of the date of disposal/dissolution | | $ | 7,936 | | | $ | 418 | | | $ | — | |
Revenues | | $ | 11,581 | | | $ | 864 | | | $ | — | |
Pre-tax loss | | $ | (1,293 | ) | | $ | (610 | ) | | $ | (47 | ) |
Net loss | | $ | (1,203 | ) | | $ | (610 | ) | | $ | (47 | ) |
Net gain (loss) on disposal/dissolution | | $ | 2,127 | | | $ | (950 | ) | | $ | (3 | ) |
F-53
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
The total fair values of available-for-sale equity securities in listed companies as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 were approximately $527 and $659, respectively, based on the market values of publicly traded shares as of December 31, 2004 and 2005.
The total fair values of available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 were $179,939 and $148,151, respectively, based on the market values of publicly traded debt securities and the estimated fair values of unlisted debt securities, as determined by management of the Company having regard to the prices of the most recent reported sales and purchases of the securities as of December 31, 2004 and 2005.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, deposits, prepayments and other receivables, accounts payable, other payables, purchase consideration payable, accrued liabilities, short-term debts and long-term debt approximate to their fair values because of their short maturities.
The fair value of the Company’s $25,000 loan to Symphony (Note 8) was estimated at $24,564 and $25,235 at December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, based on discounted future cash flows, considering borrowing rates available for loans with similar terms and maturities.
22. | CONCENTRATION OF RISKS |
The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and, to a lesser extent, interest rates which could affect its future results of operations and financial condition. The Company manages the exposure to these risks through its operating and financing activities.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risks consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, investments, accounts receivable, loans receivable and other receivables. The maximum amount of loss would be $93,160 if the counterparties for non-government sponsored entity security investments, accounts receivable, loans receivable and other receivables failed to perform.
The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and investments with various financial institutions in the countries in which it operates. The Company has its policy to limit exposure to any one institution. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of those financial institutions that are considered in the Company’s investment strategy. The Company does not require collateral on these financial instruments.
Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of entities comprising the Company’s customer base. The Company generally does not require collateral for accounts receivable.
F-54
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
22. | CONCENTRATION OF RISKS (continued) |
Concentration of Business Risk
Revenue has been derived from a number of clients that use the Company’s services. The top 10 customers accounted for 28%, 20% and 18% of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
Dependence on Mobile Telecommunication Operators
The Company offers mobile services and applications to customers primarily through the two mobile network operators in the PRC, China Mobile Communications Corporation and China United Telecommunications Corporation, which serve most of China’s mobile subscribers. Such dominant market position limits the Company’s negotiating leverage with these network operators. If the Company’s various contracts with either network operator are terminated or adversely altered, it may be impossible to find appropriate replacement operators with the requisite licenses and permits, infrastructure and customer base to offer the services, and the business would be significantly impaired. For the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company derived 14.0% of its total revenues from mobile services and applications business, a substantial portion of which was derived using the networks of the mobile network operators.
Current Vulnerability due to Certain Concentrations
The Company’s operations may be adversely affected by significant political, economic and social uncertainties in the PRC. Although the PRC government has been pursuing economic reform policies for the past 20 years, no assurance can be given that the PRC government will continue to pursue such policies or that such policies may not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption or unforeseen circumstances affecting the PRC’s political, economic and social conditions. There is also no guarantee that the PRC government’s pursuit of economic reforms will be consistent or effective.
The PRC has recently enacted new laws and regulations governing Internet access and the provision of online business, economic and financial information. Current or proposed laws aimed at limiting the use of online services to transmit certain materials could, depending upon their interpretation and application, result in significant potential liability to the Company, as well as additional costs and technological challenges in order to comply with any statutory or regulatory requirements imposed by such legislation. Additional legislation and regulations that may be enacted by the PRC government could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Renminbi (“RMB”), is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. On January 1, 1994, the PRC government abolished the dual rate system and introduced a single rate of exchange as quoted daily by the People’s Bank of China. However, the unification of the exchange rates does not imply the convertibility of RMB into U.S. dollars or other foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions continue to take place either through the People’s Bank of China or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the People’s Bank of China. Approval of foreign currency payments by the People’s Bank of China or other institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts.
F-55
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
Pursuant to the articles of association of the Company, the Company is authorized to issue up to 800,000,000 shares of Class A common shares and up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred shares. The holder of each Class A Common Share is entitled to one vote on all matters upon which the Class A Common Share is entitled to vote. The Board of Directors is authorized, without further action by the shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix the designations, powers, preference, privileges and relative participatory, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitation or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of common shares. There is no preferred share outstanding.
The following table sets forth the number and price range of shares issued during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 from the exercise of stock options granted to employees, and the number and price range of shares repurchased and retired during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
Class A common shares issued for exercise of stock options | | | 2,591,646 | | | 1,068,473 | | | 281,523 |
Range of purchase prices per share | | $ | 1.89 to $9.00 | | $ | 0.43 to $7.00 | | $ | 0.43 to $3.49 |
Class A common shares issued for exercise of employee stock purchase plan | | | — | | | — | | | 177,873 |
Range of purchase prices per share | | | — | | | — | | $ | 2.58 to $2.67 |
Class A common shares repurchased | | | 4,468,560 | | | — | | | — |
Range of repurchase prices per share | | $ | 2.50 | | | — | | | — |
Repurchased Class A common shares retired | | | 2,300,000 | | | — | | | — |
Range of retirement prices per share | | $ | 2.50 | | | — | | | — |
During the year ended December 31, 2004, 7,836,698 Class A common shares of the Company were issued at prices ranging from $4.35 to $11.57 per share for the acquisition of subsidiaries.
During the year ended December 31, 2004, 400,000 Class A common shares of the Company were issued at $7.59 per share for the settlement of claims.
During the year ended December 31, 2005, 12,423 Class A common shares of the Company were issued at $4.35 per share for the acquisition of Ross.
The redemption premiums on the repurchased shares in 2003 were deducted from the additional paid-in capital.
F-56
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
24. | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS |
2005 Stock Incentive Plan
On November 4, 2005, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”). The purpose of the 2005 Plan is to make available incentives, including alternatives to stock options, that will assist the Company to attract and retain key employees and to encourage them to increase their efforts to promote the business of the Company and its subsidiaries. These incentives include stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted unit awards, performance shares and performance cash.
Subject to adjustments under certain conditions, the maximum aggregate number of Class A Common Shares (“Shares”) which may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2005 Plan is the aggregate number of Shares available for future grants and Shares subject to awards which expire or are cancelled or forfeited under the 1999 Stock Option Plan (the “1999 Plan”). As of December 31, 2005, of the 20 million Shares reserved for grant under the 1999 Plan, 5,158,907 Shares remain available for future grant, and there are 11,667,138 Shares to be issued upon the exercise of outstanding options under the 1999 Plan. The 2005 Plan is administered by a committee of the Board of Directors, which will determine, at its discretion, the number of shares subject to each option granted and the related exercise price and option period.
1999 Plan
The Company’s 1999 Plan was replaced by the 2005 Plan described above. Upon adoption of the 1999 Plan, 12 million Shares were reserved for issuance to employees of, consultants and advisors to the Company and its subsidiaries. During 2000, options for the purchase of an additional 8 million Shares were made available, which increased the options available for grants for the purchase of Shares to 20 million. Options granted under the Plan vest ratably over a period of 1 to 4 years, and have terms of 10 years.
On December 29, 2005, the Company’s Compensation Committee approved the acceleration of vesting of certain unvested and “out of the money” stock options with exercise prices equal to or greater than $3.50 per share which were previously awarded to employees, including executive officers and directors, under the Plan. The acceleration was effective as of December 29, 2005. Options to purchase approximately 1.7 million shares of common stock, or 37 % of the Company’s outstanding unvested options were subject to the acceleration. The options had a range of exercise prices of $3.79 to $7.38 and a weighted average exercise price of $4.32. The purpose of the acceleration was to enable the Company to avoid recognizing compensation expense associated with these options upon the adoption of SFAS 123(R) in January 2006. The Company also believed that because the options that were accelerated had exercise prices in excess of the current market value of the Company’s common stock, the options had limited economic value and were not fully achieving their original objective of employee retention and incentive compensation.
F-57
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
24. | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS (continued) |
The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options at December 31, 2005.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Options outstanding | | Options exercisable |
Exercise price range ($) | | Shares | | Weighted- average remaining contractual life (in years) | | Weighted- average exercise price per share ($) | | Shares | | Weighted average exercise price per share ($) |
$0.43-$0.95 | | 119,643 | | 8.65 | | $ | 0.56 | | 62,771 | | $ | 0.61 |
$1.06-$1.98 | | 325,305 | | 8.15 | | $ | 1.72 | | 169,767 | | $ | 1.81 |
$2.04-$2.99 | | 2,953,831 | | 8.25 | | $ | 2.89 | | 1,661,709 | | $ | 2.84 |
$3.00-$3.80 | | 1,283,662 | | 7.72 | | $ | 3.41 | | 644,666 | | $ | 3.48 |
$4.04-$5.00 | | 3,974,745 | | 6.04 | | $ | 4.67 | | 3,974,745 | | $ | 4.67 |
$5.06-$9.94 | | 2,715,011 | | 7.57 | | $ | 6.74 | | 2,715,011 | | $ | 6.74 |
$10.66-$19.19 | | 133,261 | | 4.85 | | $ | 14.88 | | 133,261 | | $ | 14.88 |
$21.62-$29.92 | | 74,500 | | 4.36 | | $ | 26.36 | | 74,500 | | $ | 26.36 |
$30.88-$48.41 | | 62,860 | | 4.23 | | $ | 35.80 | | 62,860 | | $ | 35.80 |
$58.56-$68.81 | | 24,320 | | 4.25 | | $ | 61.58 | | 24,320 | | $ | 61.58 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 11,667,138 | | | | | | | 9,523,610 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-58
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
24. | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS (continued) |
A summary of the Company’s stock option activities and related information for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2003 |
| | Available for grant | | | Options outstanding | | | Weighted- average exercise price |
Outstanding at the beginning of the year | | 9,432,844 | | | | 11,334,843 | | | $ | 5.94 |
Granted | | (2,217,343 | ) | | | 2,217,343 | | | $ | 5.40 |
Forfeited | | 2,832,962 | | | | (2,832,962 | ) | | $ | 7.89 |
Exercised | | — | | | | (2,591,646 | ) | | $ | 3.32 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding at the end of the year | | 10,048,463 | | | | 8,127,578 | | | $ | 5.94 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable at the end of the year | | | | | | 5,648,618 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year | | | | | $ | 4.23 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2004 |
| | Available for grant | | | Options outstanding | | | Weighted- average exercise price |
Outstanding at the beginning of the year | | 10,048,463 | | | | 8,127,578 | | | $ | 5.94 |
Granted | | (6,742,407 | ) | | | 6,742,407 | | | $ | 5.55 |
Forfeited | | 1,270,215 | | | | (1,270,215 | ) | | $ | 9.07 |
Exercised | | — | | | | (1,068,473 | ) | | $ | 3.80 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding at the end of the year | | 4,576,271 | | | | 12,531,297 | | | $ | 5.60 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable at the end of the year | | | | | | 6,641,577 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year | | | | | $ | 4.35 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 |
| | Available for grant | | | Options outstanding | | | Weighted- average exercise price |
Outstanding at the beginning of the year | | 4,576,271 | | | | 12,531,297 | | | $ | 5.60 |
Granted | | (2,629,500 | ) | | | 2,629,500 | | | $ | 3.03 |
Forfeited | | 3,212,136 | | | | (3,212,136 | ) | | $ | 6.12 |
Exercised | | — | | | | (281,523 | ) | | $ | 1.33 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding at the end of the year | | 5,158,907 | | | | 11,667,138 | | | $ | 4.98 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable at the end of the year | | | | | | 9,523,610 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year | | | | | $ | 1.67 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
F-59
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
24. | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS (continued) |
Pursuant to resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors in December 2000, the vesting of certain of the Company’s options was accelerated such that vesting would be changed from an annual basis to a quarterly basis upon the lapse of 12 months from the date of grant. Based on the historical and expected employee turnover and the expected market price of the Class A common shares, the Company estimated that the number of options the employees will ultimately retain that would have been otherwise forfeited was minimal for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005.
In January 2003, the Company renewed its management services agreement with APOL. In addition, the Company granted to APOL additional stock options to purchase up to 200,000 Class A common shares of the Company as of June 3, 2003 with an exercise price of $4.95 per share, and further stock options to purchase up to 100,000 Class A common shares of the Company as of June 16, 2003, with an exercise price of $5.16 per share. Both grants had a quarterly vesting schedule over the one-year term of the new services agreement and the right to accelerate existing share options upon a change of control of the Company.
On March 25, 2004 the Company granted to APOL stock options to purchase up to 600,000 Class A common shares of the Company with an exercise price of $8.25 per share. These options were cancelled on January 3, 2006 and were replaced by a new grant of stock options to purchase 600,000 Class A common shares of the Company with an exercise price of $3.22 per share.
On September 15, 2005 the Company granted to APOL stock options to purchase 100,000 Class A common shares of the Company with an exercise price of $2.99 per share. On October 24, 2005, the Company granted to APOL stock options to purchase 45,000 Class A Common shares of the Company with an exercise price of $3.21 per share.
2004 Employee Share Purchase Plan
During 2004, the Company established and implemented an employee share purchase plan, which qualified as a non-compensatory plan under Section 423 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. The plan allows qualified employees to purchase Class A common shares during the relevant six-month plan period. Qualifying employees are allowed to purchase up to 1,000 Class A common shares for each plan period. The maximum number of Class A common shares, issuable under the plan is 2,000,000, and a maximum of 300,000 shares will be available for issuance during each plan period.
25. | EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS |
IMI, a subsidiary of the Company acquired in 2003, provides retirement benefits for substantially all employees in the U.S. and in foreign locations. In the U.S., the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, IMI sponsors defined contribution plans. In addition, IMI’s Swedish subsidiary (“IMAB”) has a supplemental defined contribution plan for certain key management employees. Contributions by IMI relating to its defined contribution plans for the post-acquisition period ended December 31, 2003 amounted to $1,004, and contributions for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 amounted to $2,022 and $978, respectively.
F-60
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
25. | EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (continued) |
IMAB also participates in several employee benefit plans (non-contributory for employees) which cover substantially all employees of its Swedish operations. The plans are in accordance with a nationally-agreed standard plan administered by a national organization, Pensions Registering Institute (“PRI”). These plans have been frozen and moved to the Swedish government for administration and distribution. Benefits are not paid by IMAB, but by the Swedish government. The level of benefits and actuarial assumptions used to account for these pension plans are calculated and established by the PRI and are solely based on the fully funded value of the predetermined pension payoff amount that was prescribed when the plans were transferred to the Swedish government during 2001, accordingly, IMAB will not change benefit levels or actuarial assumptions. In addition, since the actuarial assumptions are not disclosed to IMAB, no such disclosure is provided herein. The Company accounts for pensions in accordance with SFAS 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions” and SFAS 132, “Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits (Revised)” (“SFAS 132(R)”). IMAB is financing these plans via premiums paid to Alecta, the Swedish National Pension Organization. The pension book reserve will, in the future, only increase with an interest component. The plans have no liabilities other than their benefit obligations, which is a fixed amount to be repaid through 2007. IMAB expects to pay the entire amount of the remaining pension liability during 2006.
The net periodic benefit cost for IMAB’s defined benefit pension plans in Sweden includes the following components:
| | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
Service cost | | $ | — | | $ | — |
Interest cost | | | 133 | | | 73 |
| | | | | | |
Net periodic benefit cost | | $ | 133 | | $ | 73 |
| | | | | | |
The following table sets forth the change in the benefit obligations for IMAB’s defined benefit plans in Sweden:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
Benefit obligations at beginning of year/at date of acquisition | | $ | 3,070 | | | $ | 2,387 | |
Interest cost | | | 133 | | | | 73 | |
Actuarial gains | | | (386 | ) | | | (283 | ) |
Settlements | | | (641 | ) | | | (570 | ) |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes | | | 211 | | | | 66 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Benefit obligations at end of year | | $ | 2,387 | | | $ | 1,673 | |
| | | | | | | | |
F-61
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
25. | EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (continued) |
The following table sets forth the plans’ funded status and the actuarial present value of benefit obligations as of December 31, 2004 and 2005:
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2004 | | December 31, 2005 |
| | | | (Restated) |
Unfunded status | | $ | 2,387 | | $ | 1,673 |
Comprised of: | | | | | | |
Long-term liability portion | | $ | 1,477 | | $ | — |
Short-term liability portion | | $ | 910 | | $ | 1,673 |
26. | RESTRUCTURING EXPENSES |
As a result of the Company’s ongoing plan to rationalize, integrate and align its resources, the Company incurred certain restructuring costs of $3,760 (Restated) and $1,667 (Restated) for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
In connection with the acquisition of IMI and Pivotal in 2003 and 2004, respectively, the Company assumed and included in the purchase price allocations certain preexisting restructuring accruals.
For the year ended December 31, 2004, the restructuring costs related to IMI, Pivotal and Praxa. At IMI, restructuring costs of $2,862 comprised of $1,866 related to employee termination costs, $481 for write-off of acquired software, $415 related to closure of offices, and $100 in other costs. At Pivotal, restructuring costs of $373 related to lease facility closure costs. At Praxa, restructuring costs of $525 comprised of $345 related to employee termination costs, $129 in contract exit fees, and $51 in other costs.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company incurred and charged to expense $3,054 in restructuring costs principally at the Company’s corporate office, Pivotal, Ross and IMI. Included in the reduction of the restructuring liability in 2005 is $1,354 due to the change in estimate relating to lease facility closure costs.
At December 31, 2004 and 2005, the Company had a total of $9,049 and $7,354, respectively, in accruals relating to the business restructuring activities. Pivotal, Ross and IMI are included in the Software segment. Praxa is included in the Business Services segment.
A summary of the exiting costs recognized for the year ended December 31, 2004 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Workforce reduction (Restated) | | Lease termination (Restated) | | Other exit costs (Restated) | | Total (Restated) |
Expensed in 2004 | | $ | 2,211 | | $ | 917 | | $ | 632 | | $ | 3,760 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 2,211 | | $ | 917 | | $ | 632 | | $ | 3,760 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-62
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
26. | RESTRUCTURING EXPENSES (continued) |
The changes in the accrued liability balance associated with the exiting costs for the year ended December 31, 2004 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Workforce reduction | | | Lease termination | | | Other exit costs | | | Total | |
Balance at January 1, 2004 | | $ | 791 | | | $ | 7,329 | | | $ | 555 | | | $ | 8,675 | |
Expensed in 2004 (Restated) | | | 2,211 | | | | 917 | | | | 632 | | | | 3,760 | |
Amounts paid (Restated) | | | (2,211 | ) | | | (543 | ) | | | (632 | ) | | | (3,386 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2004 (Restated) | | $ | 791 | | | $ | 7,703 | | | $ | 555 | | | $ | 9,049 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A summary of the exiting costs recognized for the year ended December 31, 2005 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Workforce reduction (Restated) | | Lease termination (Restated) | | | Other exit costs (Restated) | | | Total (Restated) | |
Expensed in 2005 | | $ | 2,047 | | $ | 416 | | | $ | 592 | | | $ | 3,055 | |
Market assumptions adjustments | | | — | | | (1,354 | ) | | | (34 | ) | | | (1,388 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 2,047 | | $ | (938 | ) | | $ | 558 | | | $ | 1,667 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The changes in the accrued liability balance associated with the exiting costs for the year ended December 31, 2005 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Workforce reduction (Restated) | | | Lease termination (Restated) | | | Other exit costs (Restated) | | | Total (Restated) | |
Balance at January 1, 2005 | | $ | 791 | | | $ | 7,703 | | | $ | 555 | | | $ | 9,049 | |
Expensed in 2005 | | | 2,047 | | | | 416 | | | | 591 | | | | 3,054 | |
Market assumptions adjustments | | | — | | | | (1,354 | ) | | | (34 | ) | | | (1,388 | ) |
Amounts paid | | | (960 | ) | | | (1,575 | ) | | | (826 | ) | | | (3,361 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | | $ | 1,878 | | | $ | 5,190 | | | $ | 286 | | | $ | 7,354 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-63
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
27. | PROPERTIES HELD FOR SALE |
At December 31, 2004, the Company classified a building and the related land with a carrying amount of $2,992 as held for sale and such assets were stated at carrying value which was less than fair value less cost to sell. The land and building were sold in 2005 resulting in a gain of $1,181.
28. | CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS |
Contingencies
As of the date hereof, other than as set forth below, there is no material litigation pending against the Company. The Company and its subsidiaries are a party to other litigation and claims incident to the ordinary course of business. While the results of such litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes that the final outcome of such other matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
(a) Vertical Computer Systems, Inc./NOW Solutions LLC.In April 2003, Vertical Computer Systems (on behalf of itself and on behalf of NOW Solutions LLC) filed a civil action against a Company’s subsidiary, Ross Systems, Inc., and others alleging, amongst other things, breach of contract, claims under contractual indemnifications and fraud arising from the sale of one division of Ross to NOW Solutions in an amount of $3,500. In April 2003, Ross filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, which was granted in November 2003. The plaintiff appealed and its appeal was granted in October 2004. The matter has been remanded to the trial court for adjudication. The parties have engaged in and completed written and document discovery and have taken all material depositions. Meanwhile, the parties have filed their respective Notes of Issue and Certificates of Readiness for Trial, wherein each party has demanded a jury trial on all issues. The Court has scheduled a pre-trial conference for July 18, 2006. The Company believes that this action is without merit. Management of the Company considers the outcome of any judgment on the lawsuit with respect to the Company to be uncertain and the amount of any expenditure from the lawsuit is not estimable.
(b) Harry Edelson. In October 2003, Harry Edelson, a former member of the Board of Directors, brought an action at the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against the Company and Dr. Raymond Ch’ien and Mr. Peter Yip, two members of the Board of Directors, seeking injunctive relief and monetary damages in connection with alleged violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in connection with his failure to be re-elected to the board at the Company’s 2003 annual general meeting. In February 2004, Mr. Edelson filed an appeal to a decision by the District Court to dismiss the action. The appeal was denied in April 2005 by the Courts of Appeal for the Seventh Circuit. In May 2005, Mr. Edelson petitioned for a re-hearing en banc at the Courts of Appeals. The petition was subsequently denied. In October 2005, Mr. Edelson petitioned to the Supreme Court for a Writ of Certiorari to the Courts of Appeal’s decision and in February 2006 the Supreme Court denied to hear the petition. In February 2004, Mr. Edelson brought an amended action at the District Court against the Company based upon the same allegations seeking monetary damages. In June 2005, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment at the District Court, and in November 2005, the motion was granted in the Company’s favor. The Company believes that the actions brought by Mr. Edelson are without merit. The Company believes that this action is without merit. Management of the Company considers the outcome of any judgment on the lawsuit with respect to the Company to be uncertain and the amount of any expenditure from the lawsuit is not estimable.
F-64
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
28. | CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS (continued) |
(c) Class Action Lawsuit. A class action lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York on behalf of purchasers of the Company’s securities between July 12, 1999 (the date of the Company’s IPO) and December 6, 2000, inclusive. The complaint charges the Company and the underwriters in the IPO with violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint alleges that the prospectus used in the IPO was materially false and misleading because it failed to disclose, among other things, that (i) the underwriters had solicited and received excessive and undisclosed commissions from certain investors, in exchange for which the underwriters allocated to those investors material portions of the restricted numbers of the Company’s shares issued in connection with the IPO; and (ii) the underwriters had entered into agreements with customers whereby the underwriters agreed to allocate the shares to those customers, in exchange for which the customers agreed to purchase additional shares in the aftermarket at pre-determined prices.
In June 2003, the plaintiffs in the consolidated IPO class action lawsuits currently pending against the Company and over 300 other issuers who went public between 1998 and 2000, announced a proposed settlement with the Company and the other issuer defendants. The proposed settlement provides that the insurers of all settling issuers will guarantee that the plaintiffs recover $1,000,000 from non-settling defendants, including the investment banks that acted as underwriters in those offerings. In the event that the plaintiffs do not recover $1,000,000, the insurers for the settling issuers will make up the difference. Under the proposed settlement, the maximum amount that could be charged to the Company’s insurance policy in the event that the plaintiffs recovered nothing from the investment banks would be approximately $3,900. The Company believes that it has sufficient insurance coverage to cover the maximum amount that the Company may be responsible for under the proposed settlement. The independent members of the Board of Directors approved the proposed settlement at a meeting held in June 2003. In March 2005, outside counsel advised that the court has granted preliminary approval of the settlement, subject to certain conditions. Management of the Company considers the outcome of any judgment on the lawsuit with respect to the Company to be quite uncertain and any expenditure from the lawsuit is not estimable. Consequently, no provision has been made for any expenses that might arise as a result of the class action lawsuit.
(d) Herkemij & Partners Knowledge. In April 2004, Herkemij & Partners Knowledge B.V., or Herkemij Knowledge, filed a civil action against the Company’s subsidiaries Ross and Ross Nederland alleging Ross and Ross Nederland developed a software program named iProject using documentation and source code from Herkemij Knowledge’s copyrighted Project Administration and Control System. The action includes counts for copyright infringement, misappropriation of trade secrets, and unfair competition and seeks, among other things, injunctive relief, damages totaling $5,000 to $10,000, and payment of royalties. In September 2004, the case against Ross Nederland was dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction, and in February 2005, a hearing was held in which the judge refused to dismiss the case against Ross, but transferred the case to the Northern District Court of Georgia in Atlanta. The Company believes that the action is without merit. Management of the Company considers the outcome of any judgment on the lawsuit with respect to the Company to be uncertain and the amount of any expenditure from the lawsuit is not estimable.
F-65
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
28. | CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS (continued) |
(e) Adding Value to Business Pty Ltd (“Adding Value”). In December 2004, Adding Value filed a civil action against a Company’s subsidiary, Praxa Limited, alleging breach of contract, misleading and deceptive conduct and various equitable remedies in an amount of $993 plus interest and costs. In February 2006, the plaintiff paid security of costs in an amount of $23. On March 8, 2006, the Company filed and served a request for further and better particulars of the statement of claim and the Company received the plaintiff’s response to the Company’s request on April 11, 2006. The Company is currently preparing defense and potential cross-claim against the plaintiff. The Company believes that the action by Adding Value is without merit. Management of the Company considers the outcome of any judgment on the lawsuit with respect to the Company to be uncertain and the amount of any expenditure from the lawsuit is not estimable.
(f) Mantech International Corporation and ManTech Australia International Inc. In October 2005, ManTech International Corporation and ManTech Australia International Inc, filed a civil action against the Company’s subsidiaries, CDC Australia Limited and CDC Australia (Praxa) Pty. Ltd., alleging that CDC Australia failed to pay an amount of $3,662 retained as part of the consideration for the acquisition of Praxa. In late 2005, the Company filed and served a request for further and better particulars of the statement of claim and a request for the filing of security of costs. The Company believes that the $3,662 was correctly retained by CDC Australia in accordance with the terms of the acquisition agreement. The Company believes that the action is without merit. Management of the Company considers the outcome of any judgment on the lawsuit with respect to the Company to be uncertain and the amount of any expenditure from the lawsuit is not estimable.
Commitments
As of December 31, 2005, the Company had future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases falling due as follows:
| | | |
Year ended December 31, (Restated) | | |
2006 | | $ | 9,797 |
2007 | | | 7,508 |
2008 | | | 6,222 |
2009 | | | 5,068 |
2010 | | | 4,412 |
Thereafter | | | 8,311 |
| | | |
| | $ | 41,318 |
| | | |
The Company recorded rental expense of $3,086, $9,630 (Restated) and $10,042 (Restated) and sublease income of Nil, $3,370 and $2,224 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. As of December 31, 2005, the Company had future minimum rentals to be received under subleases of $8,397.
F-66
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
Description of Products and Services by Segment
The Company reported its operating results in four operating segments, “Software”, “Business Services”, “Mobile Services and Applications” and “Internet and Media”. During 2005, the Company reorganized these segments into two core business units, CDC Software and China.com Inc. The operation of Software and Business Services is included in the CDC Software business unit and the operation of Mobile Services and Applications and Internet and Media is included in the China.com Inc. business unit. Refer to Note 1 for a description of products and services offered by segments.
In 2004, the Company reported operating results in five operating segments, “Software”, “Business Services”, “Mobile Services and Applications”, “Advertising/Marketing” and “Others”. These segments were based primarily on the different production, manufacturing and other value-added processes that the Company performed with respect to the products and services and, to a lesser extent, the differing nature of the ultimate end use of the products and services. Prior to 2004, the Company reported operating results in “Software and Consulting Services”, “Mobile Services and Applications” and “Advertising and Marketing Activities”. All amounts in the financial statements reflect the restatement of the pre-2005 segments so that they are comparable with the current year’s presentation. None of the operating segments have been aggregated.
Information about Segment Profit or Loss and Segment Assets
The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on revenues and net income (loss). The Company excludes goodwill, intangible assets and related amortization, and other acquisition related expenses from its reportable segments and includes such items in the reconciling line for corporate and other unallocated amounts. The Company also uses net income (loss) as the measure of segment profitability. The following items are included in the evaluation of segment performance: revenues from external customers, depreciation and amortization (excluding the amortization of purchased intangibles), net interest income and expense, income tax benefit (expense) and net income (loss). Information about assets and liabilities other than the total segment assets is not reported separately for each segment because this information is not produced internally. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 3.
Factors Management Used to Identify the Enterprise’s Reportable Segments
The Company’s reportable segments are business units that offer different services. The reportable segments are each managed separately and are evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
F-67
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
29. | SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued) |
The Company’s segment information is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
| | | | (Restated) | | (Restated) |
Segment revenues from external customers: | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | $ | 12,891 | | $ | 107,648 | | $ | 158,804 |
Business Services | | | 40,477 | | | 42,927 | | | 42,686 |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | 16,876 | | | 23,694 | | | 34,389 |
Internet and Media | | | 5,606 | | | 8,173 | | | 8,995 |
Others | | | 2,001 | | | 10 | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total consolidated revenues | | $ | 77,851 | | $ | 182,452 | | $ | 244,874 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
| | (Restated) | | (Restated) | | (Restated) |
Segment depreciation and amortization expenses: | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | $ | 779 | | $ | 8,590 | | $ | 12,845 |
Business Services | | | 1,950 | | | 2,426 | | | 803 |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | 3,265 | | | 2,232 | | | 1,818 |
Internet and Media | | | 905 | | | 368 | | | 366 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 6,899 | | | 13,616 | | | 15,832 |
Corporate and other unallocated amounts | | | 1,571 | | | 1,193 | | | 1,272 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total consolidated depreciation and amortization expenses | | $ | 8,470 | | $ | 14,809 | | $ | 17,104 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
Segment interest income (expense), net: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | $ | (99 | ) | | $ | 585 | | | $ | 713 |
Business Services | | | (1,176 | ) | | | 36 | | | | 126 |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | 27 | | | | 168 | | | | 253 |
Internet and Media | | | (448 | ) | | | (2 | ) | | | 16 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (1,696 | ) | | | 787 | | | | 1,108 |
Corporate and other unallocated amounts | | | 14,038 | | | | 6,971 | | | | 5,791 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total consolidated net interest income | | $ | 12,342 | | | $ | 7,758 | | | $ | 6,899 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
F-68
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
29. | SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Segment income tax expense (benefit): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | $ | (224 | ) | | $ | (3,639 | ) | | $ | (405 | ) |
Business Services | | | (143 | ) | | | 410 | | | | 1,422 | |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | 288 | | | | (392 | ) | | | 710 | |
Internet and Media | | | (91 | ) | | | 39 | | | | 113 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (170 | ) | | | (3,582 | ) | | | 1,840 | |
Corporate and other unallocated amounts | | | (278 | ) | | | 6,957 | | | | 3,117 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total consolidated tax expense (benefit): | | $ | (448 | ) | | $ | 3,375 | | | $ | 4,957 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | | Year ended December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Segment net income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software | | $ | (114 | ) | | $ | 12,562 | | | $ | 8,232 | |
Business Services | | | 3,377 | | | | 572 | | | | 3,253 | |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | 10,563 | | | | 11,568 | | | | 4,904 | |
Internet and Media | | | (1,347 | ) | | | (197 | ) | | | (949 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 12,479 | | | | 24,505 | | | | 15,440 | |
Corporate and other unallocated amounts | | | 3,289 | | | | (30,472 | ) | | | (18,954 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total consolidated net income (loss) | | $ | 15,768 | | | $ | (5,967 | ) | | $ | (3,514 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
| | (Restated) | | (Restated) |
Segment assets: | | | | | | |
Software | | $ | 87,288 | | $ | 88,497 |
Business Services | | | 19,696 | | | 18,145 |
Mobile Services and Applications | | | 24,089 | | | 32,551 |
Internet and Media | | | 6,798 | | | 9,862 |
| | | | | | |
| | | 137,871 | | | 149,055 |
Corporate and other unallocated amounts | | | 556,000 | | | 483,977 |
| | | | | | |
Total consolidated assets | | $ | 693,871 | | $ | 633,032 |
| | | | | | |
F-69
CDC Corporation
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
29. | SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued) |
The Company’s segment information by geographical segment is as follows. Revenues are classified by geographical region based on the location of customers.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2003 | | Year ended December 31, 2004 | | Year ended December 31, 2005 |
| | | | (Restated) | | (Restated) |
Segment revenues from external customers: | | | | | | | | | |
Australia | | $ | 26,818 | | $ | 29,655 | | $ | 27,449 |
Greater China | | | 24,479 | | | 32,542 | | | 38,765 |
Korea | | | 1,647 | | | 3,643 | | | 2,968 |
Singapore | | | 5,858 | | | 6,072 | | | 6,745 |
Europe (excluding United Kingdom) | | | 7,654 | | | 39,176 | | | 45,856 |
United Kingdom | | | 2,495 | | | 10,857 | | | 17,949 |
North America | | | 8,900 | | | 59,830 | | | 100,987 |
Others | | | — | | | 677 | | | 4,155 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total consolidated revenues | | $ | 77,851 | | $ | 182,452 | | $ | 244,874 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2004 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Restated) | | | (Restated) | |
Segment long-lived assets: | | | | | | | | |
Australia | | $ | 4,451 | | | $ | 2,269 | |
Greater China | | | 22,259 | | | | 19,299 | |
Korea | | | 57 | | | | 55 | |
Singapore | | | 201 | | | | 53 | |
Europe (excluding United Kingdom) | | | 4,207 | | | | 1,472 | |
United Kingdom | | | 4 | | | | 308 | |
North America | | | 60,346 | | | | 57,022 | |
Others | | | (2,130 | ) | | | (678 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total consolidated long-lived assets | | $ | 89,395 | | | $ | 79,800 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Subsequent to December 31, 2005, a subsidiary of China.com Inc. entered into a share purchase agreement for the acquisition of 24,569 ordinary shares, representing 52% of the total issued and outstanding shares, in Equity Pacific Limited for an aggregate total consideration of $18,000. Equity Pacific Limited owns 100% interest in Beijing 17game Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“17game”), which is principally engaged in the provision of online game services in Greater China. As a result of this acquisition, China.com Inc.’s ownership interest in Equity Pacific Limited increased from 48% to 100%. In April 2006, the consideration was settled by cash of $4,833 and the issue of $13,167 restricted shares of China.com Inc.
F-70
| | | | |
| | EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the 5-month period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 | | |
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | |
CONTENTS | | PAGE |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | | FF-1 |
| |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND 2004 | | FF-2 |
| |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND FOR THE 5-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004 | | FF-3 |
| |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND FOR THE 5-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004 | | FF-4 |
| |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND FOR THE 5-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004 | | FF-5 |
| |
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | | FF-6 -FF-20 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Equity Pacific Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the 5-month period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Group’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Group is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits include consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Equity Pacific Limited and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the above stated periods in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ Deloitte Touch Tohmatusu CPA Ltd.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CPA Ltd.
Beijing, China
February 15, 2007
FF - 1
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
Assets | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 2,255 | | | $ | 1,658 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 241 | | | | 273 | |
Amount due from a related party | | | 27 | | | | 27 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 2,523 | | | | 1,958 | |
Equipment, net | | | 1,564 | | | | 458 | |
Acquired intangible assets, net | | | 1,681 | | | | 2,335 | |
Rental deposits | | | 28 | | | | 27 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 5,796 | | | $ | 4,778 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 927 | | | $ | 120 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 1,616 | | | | 3,186 | |
Amounts due to related parties | | | 61 | | | | 30 | |
Deferred revenues | | | 1,238 | | | | 882 | |
Business tax payable | | | 102 | | | | 3 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 3,944 | | | | 4,221 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commitment (Note 12) | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | |
Ordinary shares ($1.00 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 47,248, and 42,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively) | | | 47 | | | | 42 | |
Paid-in capital | | | 5,683 | | | | 3,188 | |
Share subscription receivable | | | (30 | ) | | | (30 | ) |
Accumulated deficit | | | (3,852 | ) | | | (2,642 | ) |
Other comprehensive income | | | 4 | | | | (1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 1,852 | | | | 557 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 5,796 | | | $ | 4,778 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
FF - 2
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands of US dollars)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2005 | | | 5-month period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 | |
Revenues | | $ | 6,234 | | | $ | 435 | |
Cost of revenues | | | 3,407 | | | | 627 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Gross profit (loss) | | | 2,827 | | | | (192 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | |
Selling and marketing | | | 2,391 | | | | 650 | |
General and administrative | | | 1,652 | | | | 660 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 4,043 | | | | 1,310 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Loss from operations | | | (1,216 | ) | | | (1,502 | ) |
Other income | | | 6 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (1,210 | ) | | $ | (1,502 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
FF - 3
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands of US dollars, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ordinary Shares | | Additional paid-in | | Share subscription | | | Accumulated | | | Accumulated other comprehensive | | | Total shareholders’ | | | Comprehensive income | |
| | Number | | Amount | | capital | | receivable | | | deficit | | | income | | | equity | | | (loss) | |
Balance at August 1, 2004 | | 30,000 | | $ | 30 | | $ | — | | $ | (30 | ) | | $ | (1,140 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,140 | ) | | | | |
Issuance of ordinary shares | | 12,000 | | | 12 | | | 3,188 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,200 | | | | | |
Net loss | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (1,502 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,502 | ) | | $ | (1,502 | ) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | | 42,000 | | | 42 | | | 3,188 | | | (30 | ) | | | (2,642 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | 557 | | | $ | (1,503 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Issuance of ordinary shares | | 5,248 | | | 5 | | | 2,495 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,500 | | | | | |
Net loss | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (1,210 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,210 | ) | | $ | (1,210 | ) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5 | | | | 5 | | | | 5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | | 47,248 | | $ | 47 | | $ | 5,683 | | $ | (30 | ) | | $ | (3,852 | ) | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1,852 | | | $ | (1,205 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
FF - 4
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands of US dollars)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2005 | | | 5-month period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 | |
Operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (1,210 | ) | | $ | (1,502 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 988 | | | | 344 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 31 | | | | 117 | |
Amount due from a related party | | | — | | | | 20 | |
Accounts payable | | | 807 | | | | (96 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | (1,570 | ) | | | 863 | |
Amounts due to related parties | | | 31 | | | | — | |
Deferred revenues | | | 356 | | | | (217 | ) |
Business tax payable | | | 99 | | | | (30 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (468 | ) | | | (501 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of equipment | | | (1,290 | ) | | | (227 | ) |
Purchase of intangible assets | | | (150 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net Cash used in investing activities | | | (1,440 | ) | | | (227 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of shares for cash | | | 2,500 | | | | — | |
Proceeds from issuance of convertible loan | | | — | | | | 2,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash provided by financing activities | | | 2,500 | | | | 2,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | | | 5 | | | | (1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 597 | | | | 1,271 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | | | 1,658 | | | | 387 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | | $ | 2,255 | | | $ | 1,658 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Supplemental cash flow information: | | | | | | | | |
Income taxes paid | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Interest paid | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Non-cash financing activity: | | | | | | | | |
Conversion of convertible loan into ordinary shares | | | — | | | $ | 3,200 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
FF - 5
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES |
Equity Pacific Limited (“the Company”) was incorporated on November 20, 2003 in the British Virgin Islands (the “BVI”). The principal activity of Equity Pacific Limited, its subsidiaries, and its variable interest entity (“VIE”) (collectively referred to as the “17game Group” or the “Group”), is development and operations of online games in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”).
Prime Leader Holdings Limited (“Prime Leader”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of China.com Inc., a company listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. China.com Inc. is a majority-owned subsidiary of CDC Corporation, a company listed on NASDAQ. Prime Leader acquired an 11.11% equity interest in the Company on August 27, 2004, and additional 25.4% interest on November 29, 2004. As of December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the Company was 48% and 36.51%, respectively, owned by Prime Leader.
As of December 31, 2005, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIE were as follows:
| | | | | | |
Subsidiary | | Date of incorporation | | Beneficial percentage of ownership | | Principal business |
Hong Kong Online Games Investment Holding Limited | | October 15, 2003 | | 100% | | Intermediate holding company |
| | | |
Beijing 17game Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“17game”) | | January 9, 2004 | | 100% | | Operations of online games |
| | | |
Beijing Tianyi Hudong Entertainment Software Co., Ltd. (“Tianyi Hudong”) | | September 30, 2003 | | 100% | | Operations of online games |
| | | |
Beijing Jizhiwangyou Digital Network Co., Ltd. (“Ji Zhi Wangyou”) | | November 3, 2004 | | 100% | | Development of online games |
| | | |
Beijing Yiyou Interactive Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Yiyou”) | | July 8, 2004 | | 51% | | Development of online games |
| | | |
VIE | | | | | | |
| | | |
Beijing Hu Lian Jing Wei Technology Development Limited (“Hu Lian Jing Wei”) | | August 31, 2001 | | 100% | | Holding of internet content provision license |
In March 2006, Prime Leader purchased the remaining 52% equity interest in the Company, for a total consideration of $18,000, making it a wholly-owned subsidiary of China.com. In December 2006, China.com sold all of its equity interest in Prime Leader and the Company to CDC Games Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CDC Corporation.
Regulations of the PRC restrict direct foreign ownership of business entities to own the internet content provision license (“ICP license”) in the PRC where such ICP licenses are required for operation of a PRC based internet portal. To comply with the PRC laws and regulations, the Company has set up an indirectly owned foreign business entity Hu Lian Jing Wei which holds the ICP license. Hu Lian Jing Wei has been established via a trust declaration document with two PRC nationals who, in substance, serve as nominees of the Company to hold the entire equity interest and declared the Company is the beneficiary owner of Hu Lian Jing Wei. As a result, the Company effectively has all the rights and benefits associated with the ICP license to operate the online game business in the PRC, and therefore fully consolidates the results of operations and the assets and liabilities of Hu Lian Jing Wei in the consolidated financial statements.
FF - 6
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - continued |
These accounts have been prepared on a going concern basis since while the Group has made losses since inception, management believes it has adequate resources to meet its needs in the next twelve months because CDC Corporation has agreed to provide adequate funds to enable the Company to meet in full its financial obligations as they fall due for the foreseeable future.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 and for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the 5-month period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). Prime Leader acquired an 11.11% equity interest in the Company in August 2004, and these financial statements relate only to the periods subsequent to when Prime Leader acquired its ownership interest over the Company.
| b) | Principle of consolidation |
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, all its majority-owned subsidiaries and the VIE in which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s consolidated financial statements include the useful lives of and impairment on equipment and intangible assets and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.
| d) | Foreign currency transactions and translations |
All transactions during the year of the reporting entity in currencies other than functional currencies are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the respective transaction dates. Monetary assets and liabilities of the reporting entity existing at the balance sheet date denominated in currencies other than functional currencies are remeasured at the exchange rates existing on that date. Exchange differences are recorded by the reporting entity in its statement of operations.
FF - 7
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| d) | Foreign currency transactions and translations - continued |
Foreign currency translation
The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries including its VIE in the PRC is the Renminbi (“RMB”). Transactions denominated in currencies other than RMB are translated into RMB at the exchange rates quoted by the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”) prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates quoted by the PBOC at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are included in the statement of operations.
The Company has determined that the U.S. dollar is its functional and reporting currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are translated using exchange rates in effect at each year end and average exchange rates are used for the consolidated statements of operations. Translation adjustments resulting from translation of the subsidiaries’ and VIE’s financial statements are reflected as accumulated other comprehensive income included in the statement of shareholders’ equity.
Foreign currency risk
The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of PBOC, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. The cash and cash equivalents of the Group included an aggregate amount of $1,448 and $445 as at December 31, 2005 and 2004 respectively, which was denominated in RMB.
| e) | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash also includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits in that the customer may deposit additional funds at any time and also effectively may withdraw funds at any time without prior notice or penalty.
Equipment, net is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which are mainly 5 years. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to operating expenses as incurred.
FF - 8
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| g) | Acquired intangible assets, net |
Acquired intangible assets consist of license fee paid to the game developers and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful economic lives. The Group periodically evaluates the recoverability of all intangible assets and takes into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate an impairment exists.
| h) | Impairment or disposal of long-lived assets |
Long-lived assets are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. The Group reviews its long-lived assets for potential impairment based on a review of projected undiscounted cash flows associated with these assets. Measurement of impairment losses for long-lived assets that the Group expects to hold and use is based on the estimated fair value of the assets.
The Group recognizes revenue, net of the relevant business taxes, when all of the following conditions are met:
| • | | Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, |
| • | | Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, |
| • | | Price to the customer is fixed or determinable, and |
| • | | Collectibility is reasonably assured. |
The Group’s revenues are principally derived from the provision of online game services in PRC. The Group operates its all Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (“MMORPGs”) under two models. The first revenue model is the traditional subscription-based pay-to-play, where users purchase pre-paid cards (the “PP-Cards”) to play for a fixed number of hours. The second revenue model is free-to-play, under which players are able to access the games free of charges but may choose to purchase in-game merchandise or premium features to enhance their game experience and the purchases can only be made through the use of PP-Cards.
All PP-Cards are sold to distributors and retailers across the country, from whom the Group collects payment on a prepaid basis. The distributors then resell the cards to end users and other retail points. The Group offered sales discounts primarily at 15% and 30% to distributors or retailers for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, respectively. The sales discount represents the difference between the price at which the PP-Cards are sold and the face value of the PP-Cards.
FF - 9
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| i) | Revenue recognition - continued |
The end users are required to activate their PP-Cards by using access codes and passwords to exchange the value of these cards to game points and deposit into their personal accounts. They consume points by trading them either for a pre-specified length of game playing time or in-game merchandise or premium features sold at the online game stores. All prepaid fees received from distributors are initially recognized as deferred revenue and revenue is recognized when the registered points are consumed for the Group’s online game services, or when the end customers are no longer entitled to access the online game services after the expiration of the PP-Cards.
The Group is subject to business tax at a rate of 5% on sales of PP-Cards and revenue is presented net of business tax incurred.
Cost of services rendered consists of online game royalty fee, game license fees, amortisation and depreciation, leased-line and capacity fees, manufacturing costs for prepaid game cards and other overhead expenses directly attributable to the provision of online game services. Royalty fee is calculated based on agreed profit sharing percentage with game developers over PP-Cards sold and activated.
The Group expenses advertising costs as incurred. Total advertising expenses were $1,182 and $240 for the years ended December 31, 2005 and for the period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, respectively, and have been included as part of selling and marketing expenses.
British virgin islands
Under the current tax laws of British Virgin Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on its income or capital gains.
China
The Company’s subsidiaries and VIE in the PRC are subject to Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) on the taxable income as reported in their respective statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China concerning Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises and various local income tax laws (collectively the “PRC Income Tax Laws”).
FF - 10
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, net operating loss carryforwards, and credits by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
| m) | Fair value of financial instruments |
The carrying amounts of the Group’s financial instruments, which consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and an amount due to a related party, approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
Deferred revenue represents prepaid fees received from customers that cover online game services to be rendered in the future. Deferred revenue is stated at the amount of prepaid fees received less the amount previously recognized as revenue upon the rendering of online game services or expiration of either the point units or expiration of the PP-Cards.
| o) | Retirement benefit costs |
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans, including state-managed retirement benefit schemes and the Mandatory Provident Fund Scheme, are charged to the consolidated statement of operations as incurred.
| p) | Comprehensive income (loss) |
Comprehensive income (loss) is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented has been disclosed within the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss).
FF - 11
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| q) | Concentration of credit risk |
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Group places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high-credit ratings and quality.
The Group sells its PP-Cards on a cash basis and does not have accounts receivable from customers.
| r) | Recently issued accounting pronouncements |
In November 2004, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached consensus on EITF Issue No. 03-13-Applying the Conditions of Paragraph 42 of FASB Statement No. 144,Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, in Determining Whether to Report Discontinued Operations. Issue No. 03-13 provides that classification of a disposed component as a discontinued operation is appropriate only if the ongoing entity has no continuing direct cash flows, and does not retain an interest, contract, or other arrangement sufficient to enable it to exert significant influence over the disposed component’s operating and financial policies after the disposal transaction. This issue is effective to components that are disposed of or classified as held for sale in periods beginning after December 15, 2004. The adoption of this EITF did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 153, “Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets-An Amendment of APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions”. SFAS No. 153 eliminates the exception from fair value measurement for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets in paragraph 21(b) of APB Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions,” and replaces it with an exception for exchanges that do not have commercial substance. SFAS No. 153 specifies that a nonmonetary exchange has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange. SFAS No. 153 is effective for the fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its financial statements.
FF - 12
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| r) | Recently issued accounting pronouncements - continued |
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3”. SFAS No. 154 provides guidance on the accounting for and reporting of accounting changes and error corrections. It establishes retrospective application, or the latest practicable date, as the required method for reporting a change in accounting principle and the reporting of the correction of and error. SFAS No. 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 154 on January 1, 2006 to have a material impact on its results of operations and financial condition.
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140”. SFAS No. 155 amends SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, to permit fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument with an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation, provided that the whole instrument is accounted for on a fair value basis. SFAS No. 155 amends SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, to allow a qualifying special-purpose entity to hold a derivative financial instrument that pertains to a beneficial interest other than another derivative financial instrument. SFAS No. 155 applies to all financial instruments acquired or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006, with earlier application allowed. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 155 to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets-An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 140”. Among other requirements, FAS 156 requires a company to recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability when it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract under certain situations. Under SFAS No. 156 an election can also be made for subsequent fair value measurement of servicing assets and servicing liabilities by class, thus simplifying the accounting and provide for income statement recognition of potential offsetting changes in the fair value of servicing assets, servicing liabilities and related derivative instruments. The Statement will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2006. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 156 will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
FF - 13
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| r) | Recently issued accounting pronouncements - continued |
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Additionally, FIN 48 provides guidance on deracination, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating whether the adoption of FIN 48 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. However, for some entities, the application of SFAS No. 157 will change current practice. SFAS No. 157 will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 157 on its consolidated financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132 (R)”. SFAS No. 158 requires an employer to recognize the over-funded or under-funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan (other than a multiemployer plan) as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. SFAS No. 158 also requires the measurement of defined benefit plan assets and obligations as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year-end statement of financial position (with limited exceptions). Under SFAS No. 158, a privately owned Company will be required to recognize the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan and to provide the required disclosures as of the end of the fiscal year ending after June 15, 2007. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 158 will have a material impact on its results of operations or financial position.
FF - 14
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
3. | PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of:
| | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 |
Prepayments for Information Data Center fee | | $ | 83 | | $ | 16 |
Prepayments for advertisements and promotion | | | 49 | | | 8 |
Deferred expenditures - royalty fees | | | 67 | | | 224 |
Others | | | 42 | | | 25 |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 241 | | $ | 273 |
| | | | | | |
4. | RELATED PARTY BALANCE AND TRANSACTIONS |
The amount due from a related party of $27 at December 31, 2005 and 2004 represents a prepaid expense provided by the Company to an entity where one of the Company’s shareholders also owns an equity interest. A balance of $30 at December 31, 2005 and 2004 is also included in the amounts due to related parties, representing a purchase of computer equipment from this entity.
Included in the amounts due to related parties at December 31, 2005 is an amount of $31 that represents expenses paid on behalf of the Company by China.com Corp. Limited, which is a majority-owned subsidiary of CDC Corporation.
These amounts are non-interest bearing, unsecured and repayable on demand.
Equipment, net consists of the following:
| | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 |
Leasehold improvements | | $ | 36 | | $ | 36 |
Computer equipment and software | | | 1,755 | | | 451 |
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment | | | 29 | | | 26 |
Motor vehicles | | | 26 | | | 25 |
| | | | | | |
| | | 1,846 | | | 538 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | | | 282 | | | 80 |
| | | | | | |
Equipment, net | | $ | 1,564 | | $ | 458 |
| | | | | | |
Depreciation expenses charged to operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 were $102 and $29, respectively.
FF - 15
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
6. | ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET |
Acquired intangible assets, net, consist of license fees paid to the game developers:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 |
| | Gross carrying amount | | Accumulated amortization | | Net carrying amount | | Gross carrying amount | | Accumulated amortization | | Net carrying amount |
License fees | | $ | 3,150 | | $ | 1,469 | | $ | 1,681 | | $ | 3,002 | | $ | 667 | | $ | 2,335 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization expense charged to cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 were $804 and $312, respectively.
The annual estimated amortization expense for the acquired intangible assets for each of the next five years is as follows.
| | | |
| | Amortization |
2006 | | $ | 796 |
2007 | | | 796 |
2008 | | | 89 |
2009 | | | — |
2010 | | | — |
| | | |
| | $ | 1,681 |
| | | |
In addition to the license fee paid to the game developers, the Group also pays royalty fees to the game developers calculated based on a predetermined percentage over revenue recognized and it is recorded as cost of revenues in the consolidated statement of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, royalty fees amounted to $1,687 and $115, respectively.
7. | ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:
| | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 |
License fees payable | | $ | 1,026 | | $ | 1,701 |
Advertising expenses payable | | | 311 | | | 140 |
Employee payroll payable | | | 261 | | | 165 |
Advances receivable from distributors | | | 3 | | | 1,122 |
Others | | | 15 | | | 58 |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,616 | | $ | 3,186 |
| | | | | | |
FF - 16
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
The Company entered into a senior secured convertible loan agreement with Prime Leader (the”Loan Agreement”) in February 2004. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, Prime Leader provided the Company with a line of credit totaling $3,200. The entire $3,200 was drawn down under the Loan Agreement and was converted into 12,000 ordinary shares (equivalent to a 25.4% equity interest) of the Company, which together with the 11.1% equity stake in August 2004, brought Prime Leader’s total equity interest to 36.5% in November 2004.
In August 2005, the Company issued 5,248 ordinary shares to Prime Leader for a total cash consideration of $2,500, increasing Prime Leader’s equity interest in the Company to 48%.
The Company is a tax-exempted company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. The subsidiaries incorporated in the PRC are subject to Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) that is governed by the Income Tax Law of the PRC Concerning Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises and various local income tax laws (collectively the “PRC Income Tax Laws”). Pursuant to the PRC Income Tax Laws, foreign investment enterprises are subject to income tax at a statutory rate of 33% (30% of state income tax plus 3% local income tax) on the PRC taxable income. However, except for Hu Lian Jing Wei, preferential tax treatment of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries as “high technology” companies has been agreed with the relevant tax authorities, and accordingly, they are entitled to a tax rate of 15%. In addition, they are entitled to a three-year exemption from income tax in the incorporation year, followed by a 50% reduction in tax rates for the succeeding three years, in accordance with the PRC Income Tax Laws. As such, except Hu Lian Jing Wei, the Company’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to 0% PRC income tax for the three years ending December 31, 2006 and 7.5% PRC income tax for the three years ending December 31, 2009.
The reconciliation between the statutory EIT rate and the Group’s effective tax rate is as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2005 | | | 5-month period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 | |
| | % | | | % | |
Pre Tax Loss under US GAAP | | 33.0 | | | 33.0 | |
Effect of permanent differences: | | | | | | |
- non-deductible entertainment expenses | | (1.7 | ) | | (0.7 | ) |
- disallowed wage expenses | | (0.4 | ) | | — | |
- disallowed decoration expenses | | — | | | (0.5 | ) |
- disallowed intangible assets amortization expenses | | (5.8 | ) | | (1.8 | ) |
- others | | (1.3 | ) | | (3.5 | ) |
Effect of tax concession and tax holiday | | (21.9 | ) | | (25.8 | ) |
Effect of net operating loss not previously recognized | | — | | | 1.2 | |
Change in valuation allowance | | (1.9 | ) | | (1.9 | ) |
| | | | | | |
| | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
FF - 17
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
9. | INCOME TAXES - continued |
The principal components of the deferred tax assets are as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | | | |
Temporary difference related to depreciation | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 1 | |
Net operating loss carry forwards | | | 48 | | | | 28 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax assets | | | 51 | | | | 29 | |
Valuation allowance | | | (51 | ) | | | (29 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax assets, net | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
There were no deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2005 and 2004. As management does not believe that it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized, a full valuation allowance has been established as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 because it was more likely than not that the Group would not be able to utilize the tax loss carryforwards generated by its subsidiaries and consolidated VIE.
The subsidiaries, registered in the PRC, have total net operating loss carry forwards of $779 and $1,624 for the year ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. These operating loss and carry forwards expire on various dates through 2010.
The gross tax holiday benefit amounts to $258 and $387 for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, respectively.
10. | EMPLOYEE BENEFITS PLANS |
Full time employees of the companies in the PRC participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefit are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Group to accrue these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provision for such employee benefits was $59 for the year ended December 31, 2005 and $1 for the period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, respectively.
FF - 18
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
11. | DISTRIBUTION OF PROFITS |
PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by the Group only out of its retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Prior to payment of dividends, pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC’s Enterprises, the Group must make appropriations from after-tax profit to non-distributable reserve funds as determined by the Board of Directors of the Group. These reserve funds include a (i) statutory surplus reserve, (ii) statutory public welfare fund (both (i) and (ii) are for PRC Domestic Enterprises only) and (iii) enterprise reserve fund, (iv) enterprise expansion fund (v) staff bonus and welfare fund (all (iii), (iv) and (v) are for PRC Foreign Investment Enterprises only), and (vi) general reserve fund. Subject to certain cumulative limits, the statutory surplus fund and statutory public welfare fund require annual appropriations of 10% and 5% of after-tax profit (as determined under PRC GAAP at each year-end), respectively. The general reserve fund requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax profit (as determined under PRC generally accepted accounting principles at each year-end); the other fund appropriations are at the Group’s discretion. The Group did not make any appropriations to the reserve funds during the periods presented as the Group incurred a loss for these periods.
The Group leases certain office premises under non-cancelable leases, which expire in 2008. Rent expense under operating leases was $121 for 2005 and $52 for the period from August 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004.
Future minimum lease payments at December 31, 2005 under non-cancelable operating lease agreements were as follows:
| | | |
Years ending December 31: | | | |
2006 | | $ | 253 |
2007 | | | 380 |
2008 | | | 63 |
| | | |
| | $ | 696 |
| | | |
FF - 19
EQUITY PACIFIC LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 AND
FOR THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FROM AUGUST 1, 2004 TO DECEMBER 31, 2004
(In thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
On March 17, 2006, Prime Leader entered into a share purchase agreement for the acquisition of 24,569 ordinary shares, representing 52% of the total issued and outstanding shares in the Company for an aggregated total consideration of $18,000. As a result of this acquisition, Prime Leader’s equity interest in the Company increased from 48% to 100%. The consideration was settled by cash of $4,833 and issuance of $13,167 worth of restricted shares of China.com Inc.
On July 1, 2006, the Company entered into a three-year exclusive distribution license agreement of online game “StoneAge2” with Digi Park Co., Limited (“Digi”) for a total cash consideration of $2,000. In addition to the license fee, 17game also needs to pay Digi continuing royalty based on 17.5% of revenue generated by it from this game.
On August 3, 2006, the Company entered into a three-year exclusive distribution license agreement of online game “Special Force” with Dragonfly GF Co., Limited (“Dragonfly”), for a total cash consideration of $2,500. In addition to the license fee, 17game also needs to pay Dragonfly continuing royalty based on 21%-24% of revenue generated by it from this game.
FF - 20
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
| | |
No. | | Description |
1.1 | | Conformed copy of the Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association. *** |
| |
1.2 | | Conformed copy of Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association.**** |
| |
1.3 | | Conformed copy of the Amended and Restated Articles of Association. *** |
| |
1.4 | | Conformed copy of Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Articles of Association. **** |
| |
2(a).1 | | 1999 Employee Stock Option Plan, as amended. * |
| |
2(a).2 | | 2004 Employee Share Purchase Plan. ** |
| |
2(a).3 | | Ross Systems, Inc. 1998 Incentive Stock Plan (assumed by CDC Corporation)***** |
| |
2(a).4 | | 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).1 | | Share Purchase Agreement by and between CDC Mobile Media Corporation, hongkong.com Corporation and Palmweb Inc., dated March 14, 2003. ++++++ |
| |
4.(a).2 | | Agreement and Plan of Merger among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc. and Ross Systems, Inc., dated as of September 4, 2003.++ |
| |
4.(a).3 | | Transition and Stock Vesting Agreement among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc., Ross Systems, Inc. and J. Patrick Tinley dated as of September 4, 2003.++ |
| |
4.(a).4 | | Transition and Stock Vesting Agreement among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc., Ross Systems, Inc. and Robert B. Webster dated as of September 4, 2003.++ |
| |
4.(a).5 | | Series B Preferred Share Purchase Agreement by and between Cayman First Tier and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
| |
4.(a).6 | | Shareholders Agreement by and among Cayman First Tier, Symphony Technology II-A, L.P. and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
| |
4.(a).7 | | Voting Agreement by and among Cayman First Tier, Symphony Technology II-A, L.P. and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
| |
4.(a).8 | | Put Option Agreement by and among Cayman First Tier, Symphony Technology II-A, L.P. and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
| |
4.(a).9 | | Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Cayman First Tier, adopted September 4, 2003.+++ |
| |
4.(a).10 | | Executive Committee Charter of Cayman First Tier, adopted September 4, 2003.+++ |
E - 1
| | |
4.(a).11 | | Revolving Credit Agreement by and between Cayman First Tier and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
| |
4.(a).12 | | Revolving Credit Agreement by and between Symphony Enterprise Solutions, S.ar.l and chinadotcom Capital Limited, dated September 8, 2003.+++ |
| |
4.(a).13 | | Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger between chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc. and Ross Systems, Inc., dated October 3, 2003.+ |
| |
4.(a).14 | | Guaranty dated as of September 8, 2003 from chinadotcom corporation.+ |
| |
4.(a).15 | | Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Cayman First Tier adopted November 14, 2003.y |
| |
4.(a).16 | | Amended and Restated Executive Committee Charter of Cayman First Tier adopted November 14, 2003.y |
| |
4.(a).17 | | Second Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc. and Ross Systems, Inc., dated January 7, 2004.yy |
| |
4.(a).18 | | Arrangement Agreement by and among Pivotal Corporation, chinadotcom corporation, a Cayman Islands corporation and CDC Software Corporation, dated December 6, 2003.yy |
| |
4.(a).19 | | Notice of Extraordinary General Meeting to be held on February 23, 2004 and Management Information Circular and Notice of Hearing of Petition for Arrangement under the British Columbia Company Act relating to a proposed arrangement involving Pivotal Corporation and its Common Shareholders and its Optionholders and CDC Software Corporation, dated January 20, 2004.yy |
| |
4.(a).20 | | Amended and Restated Arrangement Agreement by and among Pivotal Corporation, chinadotcom corporation, a Cayman Islands corporation and CDC Software Corporation, dated January 19, 2004.yy |
| |
4.(a).21 | | Third Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger among chinadotcom corporation, CDC Software Holdings, Inc. and Ross Systems, Inc., dated April 29, 2004.+++++++ |
| |
4.(a).22 | | Amendment to Share Purchase Agreement by and among CDC Australia Limited, Praxa Limited, Mantech International Corporation and Mantech Australia International Inc. dated February 10, 2003.yyyy |
| |
4.(a).23 | | Amendment to Preferred Stockholder Agreement by and among chinadotcom corporation, Ross Systems, Inc. and Benjamin W. Griffith, III dated January 31, 2004.+++++++ |
| |
4.(a).24 | | Share Purchase Agreement among Group Team Investments Limited, the Related Entity, Easybay Management Inc., Lu Dong and Chen Hang, Jane Lin, chinadotcom Mobile Interactive Corporation (only with respect to certain sections of the Agreement) and CDC International Mobile Limited dated February 25, 2004.yyyy |
| |
4.(a).25 | | Amendment Agreement Relating to Share Purchase Agreement among Group Team Investments Limited, the Related Entity, Easybay Management Inc., Lu Dong and Chen Hang, Jane Lin, chinadotcom Mobile Interactive Corporation (only with respect to certain sections of the Agreement) and CDC International Mobile Limited dated March, 2004.yyyy |
| |
4.(a).26 | | Asset Purchase Agreement between CDC Software Holding Corporation and JRG Software, Inc. dated January 20, 2006.yyyyy |
E - 2
| | |
4.(a).27 | | Asset Purchase Agreement, is made by and among CDC Global Services Inc., CDC Services, Inc. dba Horizon Companies, Horizon Companies, Inc., Trans Horizon Consulting (India) Ltd., and Horizon Software Services Inc., dated February 17, 2006.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).28 | | Share Purchase Agreement among Prime Leader Holdings Limited, Tridal Pacific Limited, Skynet Global Limited, Hong Dai, Steve Xiaoming Zhao, Equity Pacific Limited, Beijing 17 Game Network Technology Ltd dated March 17, 2006.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).29 | | Stock Purchase Agreement among Ross Systems Inc., c360 Solutions Incorporated, John Gravely, Jeremie Desautels, Jeffrey L. Longoria, Sanin Saracevic, Lisa Patrick and Arvind Raman dated April 12, 2006.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).30 | | Amendment to Stock Purchase Agreement among Ross Systems Inc., c360 Solutions Incorporated, John Gravely, Jeremie Desautels, Jeffrey L. Longoria, Sanin Saracevic, Lisa Patrick and Arvind Raman dated April 17, 2006.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).31 | | Share Purchase Agreement among CDC Mobile Media Corporation, Unitedcrest Investments Limited, Shenzhen KK Technology Limited, CC Mobile Media Corporation, Zheng Hui Lan, Ye Yong Ning, Liang Yan, Ma Zhi Qiang, Zhang Zhi Gang and Palmweb Inc dated June 27, 2005.yyyyy |
| |
4.(a).32 | | Supplementary Agreement relating to Share Purchase Agreement among CDC Mobile Media Corporation, Unitedcrest Investments Limited, Shenzhen KK Technology Limited, , CC Mobile Media Corporation, Zheng Hui Lan, Ye Yong Ning, Liang Yan, Ma Zhi Qiang, Zhang Zhi Gang and Palmweb Inc dated June 29, 2005.yyyyy |
| |
4.(b).1 | | Cooperation Agreement on Short Message Services between China Unicom, Sichuan, and Beijing Newpalm Technology Co. Ltd.yyy |
| |
4.(b).2 | | Monternet SMS Cooperation Agreement.yyy |
| |
4.(c).1 | | Amended and Restated Executive Services Agreement (Executive Chairman) effective as of April 27, 2004, by and between china.com Corporation Limited and Dr. Raymond Kuo-Fung Ch’ien.yyyy |
| |
4.(c).2 | | Executive Services Agreement (Chief Executive Officer) effective as of April 27, 2004, by and between china.com Corporation Limited and Dr. Raymond Kuo-Fung Ch’ien.yyyy |
| |
4.(c).3 | | Termination and Release Agreement between CDC Corporation and Asia Pacific Online Limited effective July 15, 2005.yyyyy |
| |
4.(c).4 | | Option Transfer Agreement between CDC Corporation, Asia Pacific Online Limited and Peter Yip effective July 15, 2005.yyyyy |
| |
4.(c).5 | | Termination and Release Agreement between CDC Corporation, CDC Corporation Limited and Dr. Raymond Kuo-Fung Ch’ien effective August 30, 2005.yyyyy |
| |
6. | | Details of how EPS information is calculated can be found in Note 18 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.yyyyy |
| |
8. | | List of principal subsidiaries of the Company.yyyyy |
E - 3
| | |
12.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a).^ |
| |
12.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a).^ |
| |
13.(a).1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.^ |
| |
13.(a).2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.^ |
| |
15.(a).1 | | Consent of Ernst & Young.yyyyy |
| |
15.(a).2 | | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.yyyyy |
| |
15.(a).3 | | Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu dated [ ].yyyyy |
| |
15.(a).4 | | Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu dated July 2, 2007.^ |
| |
15.(a).5 | | Consent of Ernst & Young dated July 2, 2007.^ |
| |
15.(a).6 | | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.^ |
| |
15.(a).7 | | Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu dated June 29, 2007.^ |
* | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form S-8 (File No.: 333-11288) filed with the Commission on December 7, 2000. |
** | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form S-8 (File No.: 333-123666) filed with the Commission on March 30, 2005. |
*** | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on September 18, 2002. |
**** | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on May 20, 2005. |
***** | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form S-8 (File No.: 333-118619) filed with the Commission on August 27, 2004. |
+ | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-109493) filed with the Commission on October 6, 2003. |
++ | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on September 5, 2003. |
+++ | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on September 15, 2003. |
++++++ | Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-109493) filed with the Commission on January 21, 2004. |
+++++++ | Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 4 to our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-109493) filed with the Commission on May 7, 2004. |
E - 4
y | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on December 11, 2003. |
yy | Incorporated by reference to our current report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on January 8, 2004. |
yyy | Incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form F-4/A (File No. 333-109493) filed with the Commission on January 21, 2004. |
yyyy | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on June 30, 2005. |
yyyyy | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 000-30134) filed with the Commission on June 21, 2006. |
E - 5