High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to a Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales also may result in adverse tax consequences to a Fund’s shareholders from the Fund’s distributions to them of any net capital gains recognized as a result of the sales. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s after-tax performance.
In addition to the investment policies and limitations described above and described in the Prospectus, the Trust, on behalf of each Fund has adopted the following investment limitations, which are fundamental policies and may not be changed without the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund. Under the 1940 Act, a “vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities” of a Fund means the affirmative vote of the lesser of: (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a Fund; or (2) 67% or more of the shares of a Fund present at a shareholders meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.
For purposes of the following limitations, all percentage limitations apply immediately after a purchase or initial investment. Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of the investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such restrictions. If at any time a Fund’s borrowings exceed its limitations due to a decline in net assets, such borrowings will be reduced promptly to the extent necessary to comply with the limitation.
A Fund shall not:
1. Lend any security or make any other loan if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be lent to other parties, except (1) through the purchase of a portion of an issue of debt securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective; policies and limitations; or (2) by engaging in repurchase agreements with respect to portfolio securities.
2. Underwrite securities of any other issuer.
3. Purchase, hold, or deal in real estate or oil and gas interests.
4. Issue any “senior security” (as such term is defined in Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act) (including the amount of senior securities issued by excluding liabilities and indebtedness not constituting senior securities), except: (1) that the Fund may issue senior securities in connection with transactions in options, futures, options on futures and forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other similar investments; (2) as otherwise permitted herein and in Investment Limitations Nos. 5 and 7; and (3) the Fund may make short sales of securities.
5. Pledge, mortgage, or hypothecate the Fund’s assets, except (1) to the extent necessary to secure permitted borrowings; (2) in connection with the purchase of securities on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis or the sale of securities on a delayed-delivery basis; and (3) in connection with options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments.
6. Invest in physical commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis, and other financial instruments.
7. Borrow money, except (1) to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act (which currently limits borrowing to no more than 33 1/3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets); (2) as a temporary measure and then only in amounts not to exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets; (3) to enter into reverse repurchase agreements; and (4) to lend portfolio securities. For purposes of this investment limitation, the purchase or sale of options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments shall not constitute borrowing.
8. Invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in the securities of issuers in any single industry, provided that there shall be no limitation on the purchase of obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
The Funds have adopted the following fundamental investment policy that enables them to invest in another investment company or series thereof:
Notwithstanding any other limitation, a Fund may invest all of its investable assets in an open-end management investment company with the same limitations as the Fund. For this purpose, “all of a Fund’s investable assets” means that the only investment securities that will be held by the Fund will be the Fund’s interest in the investment company.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Subject to the general supervision by the Board, Rafferty and/or the Subadviser, as applicable, are responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Funds, the selection of broker-dealers to
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effect the transactions, and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. Rafferty expects that the Funds may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealers, for a commission, in conformity with the 1940 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder. There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed income securities, which are commonly traded in the OTC market, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or mark-up.
When selecting a broker or dealer to execute portfolio transactions, Rafferty considers many factors, including the rate of commission or the size of the broker-dealer’s “spread,” the size and difficulty of the order, the nature of the market for the security, operational capabilities of the broker-dealer and the research, statistical and economic data furnished by the broker-dealer to Rafferty and/or Subadviser.
In effecting portfolio transactions for the Funds, Rafferty seeks to receive the closing prices of securities that are in line with those of the securities included in the applicable index and seeks to execute trades of such securities at the lowest commission rate reasonably available. With respect to agency transactions, Rafferty may execute trades at a higher rate of commission if reasonable in relation to brokerage and research services provided to the Funds or Rafferty. Such services may include the following: information as to the availability of securities for purchase or sale; statistical or factual information or opinions pertaining to investment; wire services; and appraisals or evaluations of portfolio securities. The Funds believe that the requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude the Funds, Rafferty and/or the Funds’ Subadviser, as applicable, from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, Rafferty relies upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage and research services received from the broker effecting the transaction.
Rafferty and/or the Funds’ Subadviser may use research and services provided to it by brokers in servicing all the Funds; however, not all such services may be used by Rafferty and/or the Funds’ Subadviser in connection with the Funds. While the receipt of such information and services is useful in varying degrees and generally would reduce the amount of research or services otherwise performed by Rafferty and/or the Funds’ Subadviser, this information and these services are of indeterminable value and would not reduce Rafferty’s investment advisory fee to be paid by the Funds or the subadvisory fees to be paid by Rafferty.
Purchases and sales of U.S. government securities normally are transacted through issuers, underwriters or major dealers in U.S. government securities acting as principals. Such transactions are made on a net basis and do not involve payment of brokerage commissions. The cost of securities purchased from an underwriter usually includes a commission paid by the issuer to the underwriters; transactions with dealers normally reflect the spread between bid and asked prices.
Aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the each of Funds for the following fiscal years are shown in the table below.
Select Alternative Fund | | Brokerage Fees Paid | |
Year Ended August 31, 2010 | | $ | 90,027 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2009 | | $ | 19,693 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2008 | | $ | 30,833 | |
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Global Perspective Fund | | Brokerage Fees Paid | |
Year Ended August 31, 2010 | | $ | 316,694 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2009 | | $ | 344,352 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2008 | | $ | 403,212 | |
Equity Opportunity Fund | | Brokerage Fees Paid | |
Year Ended August 31, 2010 | | $ | 54,273 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2009 | | $ | 60,055 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2008 | | $ | 104,842 | |
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
The Trust maintains portfolio holdings disclosure policies that govern the timing and circumstances of disclosure to shareholders and third parties of information regarding the Funds’ portfolio investments to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of the Funds’ shareholders. In adopting the policies, the Board considered actual and potential material conflicts that could arise between the interest of Fund shareholders, the Adviser, distributor, or any other affiliated person of the Funds. Disclosure of a Fund’s complete holdings is required to be made quarterly within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter in the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to Fund shareholders and in the quarterly holdings report on Form N-Q. These reports are available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
From time to time, rating and ranking organizations such as Standard & Poor’s® and Morningstar®, Inc. may request complete portfolio holdings information in connection with rating a Fund. Similarly, pension plan sponsors, consultants and/or other financial institutions may request a complete list of portfolio holdings in order to assess the risks of a Fund’s portfolio along with related performance attribution statistics. The Trust believes that these third parties have legitimate objectives in requesting such portfolio holdings information. To prevent such parties from potentially misusing the complete portfolio holdings information, the Funds will generally only disclose such information as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter, with a lag of approximately 60 days. In addition, the Funds’ President or Chief Compliance Officer may grant exceptions to permit additional disclosure of the complete portfolio holdings information at differing times and with differing lag times to rating agencies and to the parties noted above, provided that (1) the recipient is subject to a confidentiality agreement; (2) the recipient will utilize the information to reach certain conclusions about the investment management characteristics of the Funds and will not use the information to facilitate or assist in any investment program; and (3) the recipient will not provide access to third parties to this information. The Chief Compliance Officer shall report any disclosures made pursuant to this exception to the Board.
In addition, the Funds’ service providers, such as custodian, administrator, transfer agent, distributor, legal counsel and independent registered public accounting firm may receive portfolio holdings information in connection with their services to the Funds. In no event shall the Advisers, their affiliates or employees, or the Funds receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Funds’ portfolio holdings.
In the event a portfolio holdings disclosure made pursuant to the policies presents a conflict of interest between the Funds’ shareholders and Rafferty, the Subadviser, the distributor and their affiliates or employees and any affiliated person of the Fund, the disclosure will not be made unless a majority of the Independent Trustees approves such disclosure.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The Board of Trustees
The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees. The Board is responsible for and oversees the overall management and operations of the Trust and the Funds, which includes the general oversight and review of the Funds’ investment activities, in accordance with federal law and the law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the stated policies of the Funds. The Board oversees the Trust’s officers and service providers, including Rafferty, which is responsible for the management of the day-to-day operations of the Funds based on policies and agreements reviewed and approved by the Board. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board regularly interacts with and receives reports from senior personnel of service providers, including personnel from Rafferty, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (“USBFS”) and Alaric Compliance Services, LLC (“Alaric”), and the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). The Board also is assisted by the Trust’s independent auditor (who reports directly to the Trust’s Audit Committee), independent counsel and other professionals as appropriate.
Risk Oversight
Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Trust and the Funds, the Board oversees the management of risks relating to the administration and operation of the Trust and the Funds. Rafferty, as part of its responsibilities for the day-to-day operations of the Funds, is responsible for day-to-day risk management for the Funds. The Board, in the exercise of its reasonable business judgment performs its risk management oversight directly and, as to certain matters, through its committees (described below) and through the Independent Trustees. The following provides an overview of the principal, but not all, aspects of the Board’s oversight of risk management for the Trust and the Funds.
The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address risks to the Trust and the Funds. In addition, under the general oversight of the Board, Rafferty and other service providers to the Funds have themselves adopted a variety of policies, procedures and controls designed to address particular risks to the Funds. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks.
The Board also oversees risk management for the Trust and the Funds through review of regular reports, presentations and other information from officers of the Trust and other persons. The CCO and senior officers of Rafferty, USBFS and Alaric regularly report to the Board on a range of matters, including those relating to risk management. The Board also regularly receives reports from Rafferty and USBFS with respect to the Funds’ investments. In addition to regular reports from these parties, the Board also receives reports regarding other service providers to the Trust, either directly or through Rafferty, USBFS, Alaric or the CCO, on a periodic or regular basis. At least annually, the Board receives a report from the CCO regarding the effectiveness of the Funds’ compliance program. Also, on an annual basis, the Board receives reports, presentations and other information from Rafferty in connection with the Board’s consideration of the renewal of each of the Trust’s agreements with Rafferty and the Trust’s distribution plan under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
The CCO also reports regularly to the Audit Committee on Fund valuation matters. In addition, the Audit Committee receives regular reports from the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm on internal control and financial reporting matters. On at least a quarterly basis, the Independent Trustees meet with the CCO to discuss matters relating to the Fund’s compliance program.
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Board Structure and Related Matters
Board members who are not “interested persons” of the Funds as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”) constitute three-quarters of the Board. The Trustees discharge their responsibilities collectively as a Board, as well as through Board committees, each of which operates pursuant to a charter approved by the Board that delineates the specific responsibilities of that committee. The Board has established three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Nominating Committee and the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. For example, the Audit Committee is responsible for specific matters related to oversight of the Funds’ independent auditors, subject to approval of the Audit Committee’s recommendations by the Board. The members and responsibilities of each Board committee are summarized below.
The Board periodically evaluates its structure and composition as well as various aspects of its operations. The Board believes that its leadership structure, including its Independent Trustees and Board committees, is appropriate for the Trust in light of, among other factors, the asset size and nature of the Funds, the number of Funds overseen by the Board, the arrangements for the conduct of the Funds’ operations, the number of Trustees, and the Board’s responsibilities. On an annual basis, the Board conducts a self-evaluation that considers, among other matters, whether the Board and its committees are functioning effectively and whether, given the size and composition of the Board and each of its committees, the Trustees are able to oversee effectively the number of Funds in the complex.
The Trust is part of the Direxion Family of Investment Companies, which is comprised of the 1 portfolio within the Direxion Insurance Trust, 32 portfolios within the Direxion Funds Trust and 100 portfolios within Direxion Shares ETF Trust. The same persons who constitute the Board also constitute the board of trustees of the Direxion Funds. In addition, the Independent Trustees constitute three-quarters of the board of trustees of the Direxion Shares ETF Trust.
The Board holds four regularly scheduled in-person meetings each year. The Board may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone, to address matters arising between regular meetings. During a portion of each in-person meeting, the Independent Trustees meet outside of management’s presence. The Independent Trustees may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone.
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The Trustees of the Trust are identified in the tables below, which provide information regarding their age, business address and principal occupation during the past five years including any affiliation with Rafferty, the length of service to the Trust, and the position, if any, that they hold on the board of directors of companies other than the Trust as of December 31, 2009. Each of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust also serve on the Board of the Direxion Funds and Direxion Shares ETF Trust, the other registered investment companies in the Direxion mutual fund complex. In addition, Mr. Rafferty serves on the Board of the Direxion Funds. Unless otherwise noted, an individual’s business address is 33 Whitehall Street, 10th Floor, New York, New York 10004.
Interested Trustees
Name, Address and Age | | Position(s) Held with Fund | | Term of Office and Length of Time Served | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | | # of Portfolios in Direxion Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(2) | | Other Trusteeships/ Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
Lawrence C. Rafferty(1) Age: 68 | | Chairman of the Board of Trustees | | Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 1997 | | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Rafferty, 1997-present; Chief Executive Officer of Rafferty Companies, LLC, 1996-present; Chief Executive Officer of Rafferty Capital Markets, Inc., 1995- present. | | 133 | | Board of Trustees, Fairfield University; Board of Directors, St. Vincent’s Services; Executive Committee, Metropolitan Golf Association |
Non-Interested Trustees
Name, Address and Age | | Position(s) Held with Fund | | Term of Office and Length of Time Served | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | | # of Portfolios in Direxion Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(2) | | Other Trusteeships/ Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
Daniel J. Byrne Age: 66 | | Trustee | | Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 1997 | | President and Chief Executive Officer of Byrne Securities Florida Inc. (formerly, Byrne Securities Inc.), 1992- present; Trustee, The Opening Word Program, Wyandanch, New York. | | 133 | | Trustee, The Opening Word Program, Wyandanch, New York |
Gerald E. Shanley III Age: 66 | | Trustee | | Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 1997 | | Business Consultant, 1985-present; Trustee of Trust Under Will of Charles S. Payson, 1987-present; C.P.A., 1979-present. | | 135 | | None |
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Name, Address and Age | | Position(s) Held with Fund | | Term of Office and Length of Time Served | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | | # of Portfolios in Direxion Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(2) | | Other Trusteeships/ Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
John Weisser Age: 68 | | Trustee | | Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 2007 | | Retired, Since 1995; Salomon Brothers, Inc, 1971-1995, most recently as Managing Director. | | 133 | | Director, MainStay VP Fund Series (20 Funds), The MainStay Funds (14 Funds), The MainStay Funds Trust (4 Funds); Director ICAP Funds, Inc (4 Funds); Director, Eclipse Funds, Inc. (21 Funds), Eclipse Funds (2 Funds) |
(1) | Mr. Rafferty is affiliated with Rafferty. Mr. Rafferty is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Rafferty and owns a beneficial interest in Rafferty. |
(2) | The Direxion Family of Investment Companies consists of the Direxion Funds which currently offers for sale to the public 32 portfolios, the Direxion Insurance Trust which currently offers for sale 1 portfolio and the Direxion Shares ETF Trust which currently offers for sale to the public 36 of the 100 funds currently registered with the SEC. |
In addition to the information set forth in the tables above and other relevant qualifications, experience, attributes or skills applicable to a particular Trustee, the following provides further information about the qualifications and experience of each Trustee.
Daniel J. Byrne: Mr. Byrne has extensive financial services and business experience as an executive at a securities broker-dealer firm, a partner in a hedge fund, and president and chief executive officer of a private corporation. He has served as a director of a civic organization. He also has multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Lawrence C. Rafferty: Mr. Rafferty has extensive experience in financial services businesses, including as chairman and chief executive officer of Rafferty. He has served on the boards of both a private university and a childcare agency. He also has multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Gerald E. Shanley III: Mr. Shanley has audit experience and spent ten years in the tax practice of an international public accounting firm. He is a certified public accountant and has a JD degree. He has extensive business experience as the president of a closely held manufacturing company, a director of several closely held companies, a business and tax consultant and a trustee of a private investment trust. He has served on the boards of several charitable and not for profit organizations. He also has multiple years of service as a Trustee.
John Weisser: Mr. Weisser has extensive experience in the investment management business, including as managing director of an investment bank and a director of other registered investment companies. He also has multiple years of service as a Trustee.
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Board Committees
The Trust has an Audit Committee, consisting of Messrs. Weisser, Byrne and Shanley. The members of the Audit Committee are not “interested” persons of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act). The primary responsibilities of the Trust’s Audit Committee are, as set forth in its charter, to make recommendations to the Board Members as to: the engagement or discharge of the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm (including the audit fees charged by auditors); the supervision of investigations into matters relating to audit matters; the review with the independent registered public accounting firm of the results of audits; and addressing any other matters regarding audits. The Audit Committee met four times during the Funds’ most recent fiscal year.
The Trust also has a Nominating Committee, consisting of Messrs. Weisser, Byrne and Shanley, each of whom is a disinterested member of the Board. The primary responsibilities of the nominating committee are to make recommendations to the Board on issues related to the composition and operation of the Board, and communicate with management on those issues. The Nominating Committee also evaluates and nominates Board member candidates. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Such recommendations should be in writing and addressed to the Funds with attention to the Nominating Committee Chair. The recommendations must include the following Preliminary Information regarding the nominee: (1) name; (2) date of birth; (3) education; (4) business professional or other relevant experience and areas of expertise; (5) current business and home addresses and contact information; (6) other board positions or prior experience; and (7) any knowledge and experience relating to investment companies and investment company governance. The Nominating Committee did not meet during the most recent fiscal year.
The Trust has a Qualified Legal Compliance Committee, consisting of Messrs. Weisser, Byrne and Shanley. The members of the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee are not “interested” persons (as defined in the 1940 Act)of the Trust. The primary responsibility of the Trust’s Qualified Legal Compliance Committee is to receive, review and take appropriate action with respect to any report (“Report”) made or referred to the Committee by an attorney of evidence of a material violation of applicable federal or state securities law, material breach of a fiduciary duty under federal or state law or a similar material violation by the Trust or by any officer, director, employee, or agent of the Trust. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee did not meet during the most recent fiscal year.
Principal Officers of the Trust
The officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. Unless otherwise noted, an individual’s business address is 33 Whitehall Street, 10th Floor, New York, New York 10004. As of the date of this SAI, the officers of the Trust, their ages, their business address and their principal occupations during the past five years are as follows:
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Name, Address and Age | | Position(s) Held with Fund | | Term of Office and Length of Time Served | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | | # of Portfolios in the Direxion Family of Investment Companies Overseen by Officer(1) | | Other Trusteeships/ Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
Daniel D. O’Neill Age: 42 | | President;
Chief Operating Officer and Chief Investment Officer | | One Year; Since 1999
One Year; Since 2006 | | Managing Director of Rafferty, 1999-present. | | 133 | | N/A |
William Franca Age: 53 | | Executive Vice President – Head of Distribution | | One Year; Since 2006 | | Senior Vice President – National Sales, Massachusetts Financial Services/SunLife Financial Distributors, 2002-2004; Executive Vice President, Distribution, SunLife, 2001-2002. | | 133 | | N/A |
Christopher Lewis Age: 40 | | Chief Compliance Officer | | One Year; Since 2009 | | Director, Alaric Compliance Services, LLC, 2009– present; Partner, Thacher Proffitt & Wood LLP, 2004- 2008; Partner, Simmons & Simmons, 2002-2004. | | 133 | | N/A |
Patrick J. Rudnick 777 East. Wisconsin Avenue Milwaukee, WI 53202 Age: 37 | | Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer | | One Year; Since 2010 | | Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, since 2006; formerly, Manager, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (1999-2006). | | 133 | | N/A |
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Name, Address and Age | | Position(s) Held with Fund | | Term of Office and Length of Time Served | | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | | # of Portfolios in the Direxion Family of Investment Companies Overseen by Officer(1) | | Other Trusteeships/ Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years |
Eric W. Falkeis 777 East Wisconsin Avenue Milwaukee, WI 53202 Age: 37 | | Secretary | | One Year; Since 2004 | | Senior Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (“USBFS”), since September 2007; Chief Financial Officer, USBFS, since April 2006; Vice President, USBFS, 1997-present; formerly, Chief Financial Officer, Quasar Distributors, LLC (2000-2003). | | 133 | | N/A |
(1) | The Direxion Family of Investment Companies consists of the Direxion Funds which currently offers for sale to the public 32 portfolios, the Direxion Insurance Trust which currently offers for sale 1 portfolio and the Direxion Shares ETF Trust which currently offers for sale to the public 36 of the 100 funds currently registered with the SEC. |
The following table shows the amount of equity securities in the Funds and the Direxion Family of Investment Companies owned by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2009:
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Owned: | | Interested Trustees: | | Disinterested Trustees: | |
| | | Lawrence C. Rafferty | | | Daniel J. Byrne | | | Gerald E. Shanley III | | | John Weisser | |
Select Alternative Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Global Perspective Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Equity Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Direxion Family of Investment Companies(1) | | $ | 0 | | $ $ | 10,001- 50,000 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
(1) | The Direxion Family of Investment Companies consists of the Direxion Funds which currently offers for sale to the public 32 portfolios, the Direxion Insurance Trust which currently offers for sale 1 portfolio and the Direxion Shares ETF Trust which currently offers for sale to the public 36 of the 100 funds currently registered with the SEC. |
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, they are not protected against any liability to which they would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of their office.
No officer, director or employee of Rafferty receives any compensation from the Funds for acting as a Trustee or officer of the Trust. The following table shows the compensation earned by each Trustee for the Trust’s prior fiscal year ended August 31, 2010.
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Name of Person, Position | | Aggregate Compensation From the Select Alternative Fund | | Aggregate Compensation From the Global Perspective Fund | | Aggregate Compensation From the Equity Opportunity Fund | | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued As Part of the Trust’s Expenses | | Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | | Aggregate Compensation From the Direxion Complex(1) Paid to the Trustees | |
Interested Trustees | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Lawrence C. Rafferty | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Disinterested Trustees | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Daniel J. Byrne | | $ | 768 | | $ | 768 | | $ | 768 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 80,000 | |
Gerald E. Shanley III | | $ | 768 | | $ | 768 | | $ | 768 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 80,000 | |
John Weisser | | $ | 768 | | $ | 768 | | $ | 768 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 80,000 | |
(1) | For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2010, trustees’ fees and expenses in the amount of $84,000 were incurred by the Trust. |
Principal Shareholders, Control Persons and Management Ownership
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of any class of a Fund’s outstanding shares. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of a Fund. As of December 1, 2010, the following shareholders were considered to be either a control person or principal shareholder of each Fund:
Equity Opportunity Fund
Name and Address | | Parent Company | | Jurisdiction | | % Ownership | |
National Financial Services P.O. Box 9178 Virginia Beach, VA 23450 | | N/A | | N/A | | 18.18 | % |
Haggai Institute for Advanced Leadership Training, Inc. 4275 Peachtree Corners Circle Suite 100 Norcross, GA 30092-2553 | | N/A | | N/A | | 14.13 | % |
U.S. Bank Custody Ralph Doudera IRA Rollover | | N/A | | N/A | | 6.53 | % |
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Global Perspective Fund
Name and Address | | Parent Company | | Jurisdiction | | % Ownership | |
National Financial Services P.O. Box 9178 Virginia Beach, VA 23450 | | N/A | | N/A | | 16.63 | % |
Haggai Institute for Advanced Leadership Training, Inc. 4275 Peachtree Corners Circle Suite 100 Norcross, GA 30092-2553 | | N/A | | N/A | | 9.38 | % |
Select Alternative Fund
Name and Address | | Parent Company | | Jurisdiction | | % Ownership | |
National Financial Services P.O. Box 9178 Virginia Beach, VA 23450 | | Fidelity Management & Research Co. | | DE | | 33.14 | % |
Haggai Institute for Advanced Leadership Training, Inc. 4275 Peachtree Corners Circle Suite 100 Norcross, GA 30092-2553 | | N/A | | N/A | | 15.68 | % |
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Attn: Mutual Funds 4500 Cherry Creek Dr. South Suite 700 Denver, CO 80246 | | N/A | | N/A | | 6.49 | % |
As of December 2, 2010, the Trustees and officers as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each Fund.
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Investment Adviser and Subadviser
Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, 33 Whitehall Street, 10th Floor, New York, New York, 10004, provides investment advice to the Fund. Rafferty was organized as a New York limited company corporation in June 1997. Lawrence C. Rafferty controls Rafferty and Rafferty Capital Markets, LLC. through his ownership in Rafferty Holdings, LLC.
Rafferty has retained Hundredfold Advisors, LLC, 2940 N. Lynnhaven Road, Suite 210A, Virginia Beach, VA 23452, to serve as subadviser to the Funds (“Hundredfold” or “Subadviser”). Through its ownership of the Subadviser, Simply Distribute Charitable Foundation, a not-for-profit foundation, controls Hundredfold and was created as a charitable foundation. Mr. Ralph Doudera and Ms. Mary Collins are trustees of the foundation. In addition, as managing members of Hundredfold, both Mr. Doudera and Ms. Collins control the Subadviser.
Under an Investment Advisory Agreement (“Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds and Rafferty, Rafferty provides a continuous investment program for a Fund’s assets in accordance with its investment objective, policies and limitations, and oversees the day-to-day operations of a Fund, subject to the supervision of the Trustees. Rafferty bears all costs associated with providing these advisory services. The Trust bears all other expenses that are not assumed by Rafferty as described in the Prospectus. The Trust also is liable for nonrecurring expenses as may arise, including litigation to which a Fund may be a party. The Trust also may have an obligation to indemnify its Trustees and officers with respect to any such litigation.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, each Fund pays Rafferty at an annual rate of 1.00% based on its average daily net assets. Prior to July 1, 2009, each Fund was responsible for its own operating expenses and Rafferty voluntarily agreed to waive its fees and/or reimburse operating expenses (excluding, as applicable, among other expenses, front-end or contingent deferred sales loads, taxes, leverage interest, dividends or interest on short positions, other interest expenses, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation) to the extent that each Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceeded 2.75% of average daily net assets for the period ending July 1, 2009. If overall expenses fell below these percentage limitations, then the Funds may reimburse Rafferty within the following three years.
Effective July 1, 2009, for each Fund, Rafferty is contractually obligated to pay all Fund expenses (excluding, management fees, distribution and/or service fees, Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, taxes, leverage interest, dividends or interest on short positions, other interest expenses, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization and extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other expenses outside the typical day-to-day operations of the Funds). This agreement may be terminated at any time by the Board of Trustees.
The table below shows the amount of advisory fees incurred by each of the Funds and the amount of fees waived and/or reimbursed by Rafferty for the following years.
Select Alternative Fund | | Advisory Fees Incurred | | Waived fees and/or expenses reimbursed by Advisor | |
Year Ended August 31, 2010 | | $ | 368,822 | | $ | 0 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2009 | | $ | 214,751 | | $ | 0 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2008 | | $ | 355,590 | | $ | 0 | |
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Global Perspective Fund | | Advisory Fees Incurred | | Waived fees and/or expenses reimbursed by Advisor | |
Year Ended August 31, 2010 | | $ | 580,214 | | $ | 0 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2009 | | $ | 569,120 | | $ | 0 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2008 | | $ | 1,023,959 | | $ | 0 | |
Equity Opportunity Fund | | Advisory Fees Incurred | | Waived fees and/or expenses reimbursed by Advisor | |
Year Ended August 31, 2010 | | $ | 141,337 | | $ | 0 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2009 | | $ | 128,333 | | $ | 5,776 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2008 | | $ | 244,188 | | $ | 0 | |
The Advisory Agreement was approved by the Trustees (including all Independent Trustees) and Rafferty, as sole shareholder of the Funds, in compliance with the 1940 Act. The Advisory Agreement continues in force for an initial period of two years after the date of its approval. The Advisory Agreement is renewable thereafter from year to year with respect to each Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Rafferty or the Trust, and (2) by the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund. The Advisory Agreement automatically terminates on assignment and is terminable on 60-day written notice either by the Trust or Rafferty.
Under an Investment Subadvisory Agreement (“Subadvisory Agreement”) between Rafferty and Hundredfold, Hundredfold, subject to direction by Rafferty and the Board, provides investment advice and portfolio management services to the Funds for a fee payable by Rafferty. An investment team from Hundredfold will manage the Funds’ assets, under the supervision of Rafferty. Under the Subadvisory Agreement, Hundredfold directs, through Rafferty, the allocation of Fund assets among various baskets of securities, created by Hundredfold. Then, Rafferty implements Hundredfold’s investment decisions for each Fund by placing all brokerage orders for the purchase and sale of those securities. For the investment subadvisory services provided to the Funds, Rafferty pays Hundredfold 0.40% for assets under management of less than $40 million, 0.60% for assets under management between $40 million and $100 million, 0.70% for assets under management between $100 million and $150 million, 0.75% for assets under management between $150 million and $200 million, and 0.80% for assets under management if greater than $200 million.
The Subadvisory Agreement was initially approved by the Board (including all of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Rafferty or Hundredfold, as defined under the 1940 Act) and the shareholders of the Funds, in compliance with the 1940 Act. The Subadvisory Agreement provides that it will be in force for an initial two-year period and it must be approved each year thereafter by (1) a vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Rafferty, Hundredfold or the Trust, and by (2) the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Funds. The Subadvisory Agreement automatically terminates on assignment and is terminable on not less than a 60-day written notice by Rafferty or a 90-day written notice by Hundredfold. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, Rafferty automatically becomes responsible for the obligations of Hundredfold upon termination of the Subadvisory Agreement.
Under an agreement with Funds, Spectrum Financial Inc., an affiliate of Hundredfold, may provide services to the Funds and receive an annualized fee of 1.00% based on the average daily net assets of the Funds attributable to clients of Spectrum Financial, Inc. who are shareholders of the Funds.
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Rafferty shall not be liable to the Trust or any shareholder for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its agreement with the Trust or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security.
Hundredfold shall not be liable to the Trust or any shareholder for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its agreement with Rafferty or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security.
Pursuant to Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17j-1 thereunder, the Trust, Rafferty, Hundredfold and the distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics. These codes permit portfolio managers and other access persons of the Funds to invest in securities that may be owned by the Funds, subject to certain restrictions.
Portfolio Manager
Ralph J. Doudera serves as portfolio manager of the Funds. In addition to the Funds, Mr. Doudera manages the other accounts set forth below. Hundredfold provided the following information regarding the other accounts managed by the Funds’ portfolio manager, including the number of accounts, the total assets in those accounts and the categorization of the accounts as of August 31, 2010.
Other Accounts | | Total Number of Accounts | | Total Assets | | Total Number of Accounts with Performance Based Fees | | Total Assets of Accounts with Performance Based Fees | |
Registered Investment Companies | | 0 | | $ | 0 | | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | 0 | | $ | 0 | | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Other Accounts(1) | | 662 | | $ | 223 million | | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
(1) | Mr. Doudera is also the founder, CEO and investment manager of Spectrum Financial Inc., a registered investment adviser. Mr. Doudera manages all of the above accounts for Spectrum Financial Inc. |
Because the other accounts listed above invest only in mutual funds, Hundredfold and/or Spectrum Financial Inc. have not identified any material conflicts between the Funds and other accounts managed by Mr. Doudera. However, actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the day-to-day management of the Funds and other accounts. The management of the Funds and other accounts may result in unequal time and attention being devoted to the Funds and other accounts. Hundredfold’s management fees for the services it provides to other accounts varies and may be higher or lower than the subadvisory fees it receives from Rafferty. This could create potential conflicts of interest in which the portfolio manager may appear to favor one investment vehicle over another resulting in an account paying higher fees or one investment vehicle out performing another.
As of August 31, 2010, Mr. Doudera is not compensated for his position as portfolio manager to the Funds. All of Mr. Doudera’s services are donated to Hundredfold.
Set forth below are the dollar ranges of securities of the Funds beneficially owned by the portfolio manager as of August 31, 2010.
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Fund | | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Funds |
Select Alternative Fund | | Over $1,000,000 |
Global Perspective Fund | | Over $1,000,000 |
Equity Opportunity Fund | | Over $1,000,000 |
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Board has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures (“Proxy Policies”) wherein the Trust has delegated to Rafferty the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Funds as part of their investment advisory services, subject to the supervision and oversight of the Board. The Proxy Voting Policies of Rafferty are attached as Appendix B. Notwithstanding this delegation of responsibilities, however, each Fund retains the right to vote proxies relating to its portfolio securities. The fundamental purpose of the Proxy Policies is to ensure that each vote will be in a manner that reflects the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders, taking into account the value of the Funds’ investments.
More Information. The actual voting records relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request by calling toll-free, 1-800-851-0511 or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Fund Administrator, Fund Accountant, Transfer Agent and Custodian
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (“Administrator”), 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, provides administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to the Funds. U.S. Bank, N.A., Custody Operations, 1555 N. River Center Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, an affiliate of the Administrator, provides custodian services to the Funds.
Pursuant to an Administration Servicing Agreement (“Service Agreement”) between the Trust and the Administrator, the Administrator provides the Trust with administrative and management services (other than investment advisory services). As compensation for these services, the Trust pays the Administrator a fee based on the Trust’s total average daily net assets of 0.045% on net assets and a $5,000 minimum fee per fund. The Administrator also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses.
The table below shows the amount of administrative and management services fees incurred by each of the Funds to the Administrator for the fiscal years shown.
Fiscal Period | | Select Alternative Fund | |
Year Ended August 31, 2010 | | $ | 19,926 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2009 | | $ | 6,719 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2008 | | $ | 14,827 | |
Fiscal Period | | Global Perspective Fund | |
Year Ended August 31, 2010 | | $ | 29,438 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2009 | | $ | 18,388 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2008 | | $ | 44,011 | |
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Fiscal Period | | Equity Opportunity Fund | |
Year Ended August 31, 2010 | | $ | 9,689 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2009 | | $ | 4,171 | |
Year Ended August 31, 2008 | | $ | 14,316 | |
Pursuant to a Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (“Fund Accountant”), the Fund Accountant provides the Trust with accounting services, including portfolio accounting services, tax accounting services and furnishing financial reports. For these services, the Trust pays the Fund Accountant a fee based on the Trust’s total average daily net assets of 0.03% and a $10,000 minimum fee per fund. The Fund Accountant also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses, including pricing expenses.
Pursuant to a Custodian Agreement, U.S. Bank N.A. serves as the custodian of the Funds’ assets. Under the terms of the Custodian Agreement, the Custodian holds and administers the assets in the Funds’ portfolios. The Custodian receives an annual fee based on the Trust’s total average daily net 0.0225% and a $1,000 minimum fee per fund. The Custodian also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses. U.S. Bank N.A. and/or its affiliates receive revenue from certain broker-dealers that may receive Rule 12b-1 fees or other payments from mutual funds in which certain of the Funds may invest. In recognition of this revenue, the Funds have received credits and may receive credits in future years from U.S. Bank N.A. and/or its affiliates for fees otherwise payable by the Funds.
Distributor
Rafferty Capital Markets, LLC, 59 Hilton Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, serves as the distributor (“Distributor”) in connection with the continuous offering of the Funds’ shares. The Distributor and participating dealers with whom it has entered into dealer agreements offer shares of the Funds as agents on a best efforts basis and are not obligated to sell any specific amount of shares. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2010, the Distributor received $90,000 as compensation from Rafferty for distribution services for the Trust. Mr. Rafferty is an affiliated person of the Distributor.
Distribution Plan
Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act provides that an investment company may bear expenses of distributing its shares only pursuant to a plan adopted in accordance with the Rule. The Trustees have adopted a Rule 12b-1 Plan of Distribution (“Plan”) for the Service Class Shares of each Fund pursuant to which each Fund may pay certain expenses incurred in the distribution of the Service Class Shares and the servicing and maintenance of existing shareholder accounts. Pursuant to the Plan, a Fund may pay up to 1.00% of its average daily net assets. Under an agreement with the Funds, your Financial Advisor, including Spectrum Financial, Inc., may receive these fees from the Funds. In exchange, your Financial Advisor or Spectrum Financial, Inc. may provide a number of services, as described in the Prospectus.
The Plan was approved by the Trustees, including the Independent Trustees of the Funds. In approving the Plan, the Trustees determined that there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Funds and their shareholders. The Trustees will review quarterly and annually a written report of the amounts expended under the Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. The Distributor, as the Funds’ principal underwriter, Rafferty and the Subadviser may have a direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or any related agreement.
The Plan permits payments to be made by each Fund to the distributor or other third parties for expenditures incurred in connection with the distribution of Fund shares to investors and/or the provision of certain shareholder services. The distributor or other third parties are authorized to engage
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in advertising, the preparation and distribution of sales literature and other promotional activities on behalf of each Fund. In addition, the Plan authorizes payments by each Fund to the distributor and/or other third parties for the cost related to selling or servicing efforts, preparing, printing and distributing Fund prospectuses, statements of additional information, and shareholder reports to investors.
The tables below show the amount of 12b-1 fees incurred and the allocation of such fees by each Fund for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2010.
Fund | | 12b-1 fees incurred | |
Select Alternative Fund | | $ | 368,822 | |
Global Perspective Fund | | $ | 580,214 | |
Equity Opportunity Fund | | $ | 141,337 | |
Fund |
| Advertising and Marketing |
| Printing and Postage |
| Payment to Distributor |
| Payment to Dealers |
| Compensation to Sales Personnel |
| Other Marketing and Servicing Expenses |
|
Select Alternative Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 368,822 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Global Perspective Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 580,214 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Equity Opportunity Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 141,337 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP (“E&Y”), 5 Times Square New York, New York, 10036, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust. The Financial Statements of the Funds for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2010 have been audited by E&Y and are incorporated by reference herein, which is given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The NAV per share of the Funds is determined separately daily, Monday through Friday, as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (normally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), each day the NYSE is open for business (“Business Day”). The NYSE is not open on New Year’s Day, Presidents’ Day, Martin Luther King’s Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
A security listed or traded on an exchange, domestic or foreign, is valued at its last sales price on the principal exchange on which it is traded prior to the time when assets are valued. If no sale is reported at that time, the mean of the last bid and asked prices is used. Securities primarily traded principally on the NASDAQ® Global Market (“NASDAQ®”) for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ® Official Closing Price (“NOCP”) provided by NASDAQ® each business day. The NOCP is the most recently reported price as of 4:00:02 p.m., Eastern time, unless that price is outside the range of the “inside” bid and asked prices; in that case, NASDAQ® will adjust the price to equal the inside bid or asked price, whichever is closer.
If, on a particular day, an exchange-traded security does not trade, then the mean between the closing bid and asked prices will be used. All equity securities that are not traded on a listed exchange held by a Fund will be valued at the last sales price in the OTC market, or, if no sales price is reported, the
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mean of the last bid and asked price is used. Securities and other assets for which market quotations are not readily available, or for which Rafferty has reason to question the validity of quotations received, are valued at fair value by procedures as adopted by the Board.
For purposes of determining NAV per share of a Fund, exchange-traded options and options on futures are valued at the composite price using the National Best Bid and Offer quotes (“NBBO”). NBBO consists of the highest bid price and lowest asked price across any of the exchanges on which an option is quoted, thus providing a view across the entire U.S. options marketplace. Specifically, composite pricing looks at the last trades on exchanges where the options are traded. If there are no trades for the option on a given business day, the composite option pricing calculates the mean of the highest bid price and lowest ask price across the exchanges where the option is traded. Non-exchange traded options are valued at the mean between the last bid and asked quotations.
The prices of futures contracts are valued either at the settlement prices established each day on the exchange on which they are traded if the settlement price reflects trading prior to the close of regular trading or at the last sales price prior to the close of regular trading if the settlement prices established by the exchange reflects trading after the close of regular trading.
Foreign securities, currencies and other assets denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of such currencies against the U.S. dollar, as provided by an independent pricing service or reporting agency.
Short-term debt instruments having a maturity of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value. If the Board determines that the amortized cost method does not represent the fair value of the short-term debt instrument, the investment will be valued at fair value as determined by procedures as adopted by the Board. Other debt securities (including credit default swaps) are valued by using either the closing bid and ask prices provided by the Funds’ pricing service or the mean between the closing bid and ask prices provided by brokers that make markets in such instruments, or if such prices are unavailable, by a pricing matrix method. U.S. government securities are valued at the mean between the closing bid and asked price provided by an independent third party pricing service (“Pricing Service”).
Dividend income and other distributions are recorded on the ex-distribution date.
Illiquid securities, securities for which reliable quotations or pricing services are not readily available, and all other assets not valued in accordance with the foregoing principles will be valued at their respective fair value as determined in good faith by, or under procedures established by, the Trustees, which procedures may include the delegation of certain responsibilities regarding valuation to Rafferty or the officers of the Trust. The officers of the Trust report, as necessary, to the Trustees regarding portfolio valuation determinations. The Trustees, from time to time, will review these methods of valuation and will recommend changes that may be necessary to assure that the investments of the Funds are valued at fair value.
For purposes of calculating their daily NAV, the Funds typically reflect changes in their holdings of portfolio securities on the first business day following a portfolio trade (commonly known as “T+1 accounting”). However, each Fund is permitted to include same day trades when calculating its NAV (commonly referred to as “trade date accounting”) on days when the Fund receives substantial redemptions. Such redemptions can result in an adverse impact on a Fund’s NAV when there is a disparity between the trade price and the closing price of the security. Thus, a Fund’s use of trade date accounting is likely to lessen the impact of substantial redemptions on the Fund’s NAV.
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REDEMPTIONS
Redemption In-Kind
The Trust has filed a notice of election under Rule 18f-1 of the 1940 Act which obligates the Funds to redeem shares for any shareholder for cash during any 90-day period up to $250,000 or 1% of the Funds’ NAV, whichever is less. Any redemption beyond this amount also will be in cash unless the Trustees determine that further cash payments will have a material adverse effect on remaining shareholders. In such a case, the Funds will pay all or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio instruments, valued in the same way as the Funds determine NAV. The portfolio instruments will be selected in a manner that the Trustees deem fair and equitable. A redemption in-kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. If a redemption is made in-kind, a shareholder receiving portfolio instruments could receive less than the redemption value thereof and could incur certain transaction costs. Shareholders who receive futures contracts or options on futures contracts in connection with a redemption in-kind may be responsible for making any margin payments due on those contracts.
Redemptions by Telephone
Shareholders may redeem shares of the Funds by telephone. When acting on verbal instructions believed to be genuine, the Trust, Rafferty, transfer agent and their trustees, directors, officers and employees are not liable for any loss resulting from a fraudulent telephone transaction request and the investor will bear the risk of loss. In acting upon telephone instructions, these parties use procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that such instructions are genuine, such as (1) obtaining some or all of the following information: account number, name(s) and social security number(s) registered to the account, and personal identification; (2) recording all telephone transactions; and (3) sending written confirmation of each transaction to the registered owner. To the extent that the Trust, Rafferty, transfer agent and their trustees, directors, officers and employees do not employ such procedures, some or all of them may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent transactions.
Receiving Payment
Payment of redemption proceeds will be made within seven days following the Funds’ receipt of your request (if received in good order as described below) for redemption. For investments that have been made by check, payment on redemption requests may be delayed until the transfer agent is reasonably satisfied that the purchase payment has been collected by the Trust (which may require up to 10 calendar days). To avoid redemption delays, purchases may be made by direct wire transfers.
A redemption request will be considered to be received in “good order” if:
• | The number or amount of shares and the class of shares to be redeemed and shareholder account number have been indicated; |
• | Any written request is signed by a shareholder and by all co-owners of the account with exactly the same name or names used in establishing the account; and |
• | The signatures on any written redemption request in excess of $250,000 have been guaranteed by a national bank, a state bank that is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a trust company or by any member firm of the New York, American, Boston, Chicago, Pacific or Philadelphia Stock Exchanges. Signature guarantees also will be accepted from savings banks and certain other financial institutions that are deemed acceptable by U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, as transfer agent, under its current signature guarantee program. |
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The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed for any period during which (1) the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings); (2) trading on the NYSE is restricted; (3) situations where an emergency exists as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for a Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets or disposal of the Fund’s securities is not reasonably practicable; or (4) the SEC has issued an order for the protection of Fund shareholders.
Anti-Money Laundering
The Funds are required to comply with various federal anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Consequently, the Funds may be required to “freeze” the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Funds may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a government agency. In addition, pursuant to the Funds’ Customer Identification Program, the Funds’ Transfer Agent will complete a thorough review of all new opening account applications and will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
An exchange is effected through the redemption of the shares tendered for exchange and the purchase of shares being acquired at their respective NAVs as next determined following receipt by the Fund whose shares are being exchanged of (1) proper instructions and all necessary supporting documents; or (2) a telephone request for such exchange in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Prospectus and below. Telephone requests for an exchange received by the Funds before 4:00 p.m. Eastern time will be effected at the close of regular trading on that day. Requests for an exchange received after the close of regular trading will be effected on the NYSE’s next trading day. Due to the volume of calls or other unusual circumstances, telephone exchanges may be difficult to implement during certain time periods.
The Trust reserves the right to reject any order to acquire its shares through exchange or otherwise to restrict or terminate the exchange privilege at any time. In addition, the Trust may terminate this exchange privilege upon a 60-day notice.
SHAREHOLDER AND OTHER INFORMATION
Each share of a Fund gives the shareholder one vote in matters submitted to shareholders for a vote. Each class of a Fund has equal voting rights, except that, in matters affecting only a particular class or series, only shares of that class or series are entitled to vote. Share voting rights are not cumulative, and shares have no preemptive or conversion rights. Shares are not transferable. As a Massachusetts business trust, the Trust is not required to hold annual shareholder meetings. Shareholder approval will be sought only for certain changes in a Trust’s or a Fund’s operation and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances. Trustees may be removed by the Trustees or by shareholders at a special meeting. A special meeting of shareholders shall be called by the Trustees upon the written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of a Trust’s outstanding shares.
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DIVIDENDS, OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
Dividends and other Distributions
Net investment income and any realized net capital gains are as described in the Prospectus under “Distributions and Taxes.” All distributions from a Fund normally are automatically reinvested without charge in additional shares of that Fund.
Taxes
Regulated Investment Company Status. Each Fund is treated as a separate corporation for Federal income tax purposes and intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”) (“RIC”). If a Fund so qualifies and satisfies the Distribution Requirement (defined below) for a taxable year, the Fund will not be subject to Federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income-(generally consisting of net investment income, the excess of net short-term capital gains, over net long-term capital loss (“net short-term capital gain”), and net gains and losses from certain currency transactions all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid)-and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) it distributes to its shareholders for that year.
To qualify for treatment as a RIC, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders for each taxable year at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (“Distribution Requirement”) and must meet several additional requirements. For each Fund, these requirements include the following: (1) the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income or those currencies (including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in securities (“Income Requirement”); and (2) at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with those other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the issuer’s outstanding voting securities, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets may be invested in (i) securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or (ii) securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers the Fund controls that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses (collectively, “Diversification Requirements”).
Although each Fund intends to continue to satisfy all the foregoing requirements, there is no assurance that each Fund will be able to do so. The investment by a Fund in swaps, options and futures positions entails some risk that sit might fail to satisfy the Diversification Requirements. There is some uncertainty regarding the valuation of such positions for purposes of those requirements; accordingly, it is possible that the method of valuation the Funds use, pursuant to which each of them would be treated as satisfying the Diversification Requirements, would not be accepted in an audit by the Internal Revenue Service, which might apply a different method resulting in disqualification of one or more Funds.
If a Fund failed to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any taxable year, (1) it would be taxed on the full amount of its taxable income, including net capital gain, for that year at corporate income tax rates (up to 35%) without being able to deduct the distributions it makes to its shareholders; and (2) the shareholders would treat all those distributions, including distributions of net capital gain, as dividends (that is, ordinary income), except for the part of those dividends that is “qualified dividend income” (described in the Prospectus) (“QDI”), which is subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 15%
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for individual shareholders) to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. In addition, a Fund would be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment.
Taxation of Shareholders. If Fund shares are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be treated as long-term, instead of short-term, capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received on those shares. Investors also should be aware that if shares are purchased shortly before the record date for any dividend or capital gain distribution, the shareholder will pay full price for the shares and receive some portion of the purchase price back as a taxable distribution.
Excise Tax. Each Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax (“Excise Tax”) to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for that year and capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts.
Dividends distributed by a Fund (including distributions of net short-term capital gain), if any, are taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income (at rates up to 35% for individuals), except to the extent they constitute QDI, regardless of whether the dividends are reinvested in Fund shares or received in cash. Distributions of a Fund’s net capital gain, if any, are taxable to its shareholders as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long they have held their Fund shares and whether the distributions are reinvested in Fund shares or received in cash. A shareholder’s sale (redemption) of Fund shares may result in a taxable gain, depending on whether the redemption proceeds are more or less than the adjusted basis for the shares. An exchange of Fund shares for shares in another Fund generally will have similar consequences.
Income from Foreign Securities. Dividends and interest a Fund receives, and gains it realizes, on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions that would reduce the yield and/or total return on its securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate these foreign taxes, however, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains in respect of investments by foreign investors.
Each Fund may invest in the stock of “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). A PFIC is any foreign corporation (with certain exceptions) that, in general, meets either of the following tests: (1) at least 75% of its gross income for the taxable year is passive; or (2) an average of at least 50% of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Under certain circumstances, a Fund will be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” it receives on the stock of a PFIC or of any gain on its disposition of the stock (collectively, “PFIC income”), plus interest thereon, even if the Fund distributes the PFIC income as a dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in a Fund’s investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders. Fund distributions thereof will not be eligible for the 15% maximum federal income tax rate on individuals’ QDI.
If a Fund invests in a PFIC and elects to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”), then, in lieu of the foregoing tax and interest obligation, the Fund would be required to include in income each year its pro rata share of the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain -- which the Fund probably would have to distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax -- even if the Fund did not receive those earnings and gain from the QEF. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because of certain requirements thereof.
Each Fund may elect to “mark to market” its stock in any PFIC. “Marking-to-market,” in this context, means including in gross income each taxable year (and treating as ordinary income) the excess, if any,
42
of the fair market value of the PFIC’s stock over a Fund’s adjusted basis therein as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, a Fund also would be allowed to deduct (as an ordinary, not a capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock the Fund included in income for prior taxable years under the election. A Fund’s adjusted basis in each PFIC’s stock with respect to which it makes this election would be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken thereunder.
Gains or losses (1) from the disposition of foreign currencies (2) on the disposition of each foreign-currency-denominated debt security that are attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the dates of acquisition and disposition of the security and (3) that are attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates that occur between the time a Fund accrues dividends, interest, or other receivables, or expenses or other liabilities, denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects the receivables or pays the liabilities, generally will be treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of a Fund’s investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders.
Derivatives Strategies. The use of derivatives strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options and futures contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character and timing of recognition of the gains and losses a Fund realizes in connection therewith. Gains from the disposition of foreign currencies, and gains from options and futures a Fund derives with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies, will be treated as qualifying income under the Income Requirement. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, make appropriate tax elections, and make appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any foreign currency, option, futures contract, or hedged investment to mitigate the effect of these rules, prevent its disqualification as a RIC, and minimize the imposition of federal income and excise taxes.
Some futures contracts (other than “securities futures contracts,” as defined in Code section 1234B(c)), foreign currency contracts, and “nonequity options” (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a “broad-based” securities index) in which a Fund invests may be subject to Code section 1256 (collectively “section 1256 contracts”). Section 1256 contracts that a Fund holds at the end of its taxable year must be “marked-to-market” (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for their fair market value) for federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. These rules may operate to increase the amount that a Fund must distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain a Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it. A Fund may elect not to have the foregoing rules apply to any “mixed straddle” (that is, a straddle, which the Fund clearly identifies in accordance with applicable regulations, at least one (but not all) of the positions of which are section 1256 contracts), although doing so may have the effect of increasing the relative proportion of short-term capital gain (taxable as ordinary income) and thus increasing the amount of dividends it must distribute. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax.
Code section 1092 (dealing with straddles) also may affect the taxation of options and futures contracts in which the Funds may invest. That section defines a “straddle” as offsetting positions with respect to actively traded personal property; for these purposes, options and futures contracts are positions in personal property. Under that section, any loss from the disposition of a position in a straddle may be deducted only to the extent the loss exceeds the unrealized gain on the offsetting position(s) of the straddle. In addition,
43
these rules may postpone the recognition of loss that otherwise would be recognized under the mark-to-market rules discussed above. The regulations under section 1092 also provide certain “wash sale” rules, which apply to transactions where a position is sold at a loss and a new offsetting position is acquired within a prescribed period, and “short sale” rules applicable to straddles. If a Fund makes certain elections, the amount, character, and timing of recognition of gains and losses from the affected straddle positions would be determined under rules that vary according to the elections made. Because only a few of the regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the tax consequences to the Funds of straddle transactions are not entirely clear.
If a call option written by a Fund lapses (i.e., terminates without being exercised), the amount of the premium it received for the option will be short-term capital gain. If a Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction with respect to a written call option, it will have a short-term capital gain or loss based on the difference between the premium it received for the option it wrote and the premium it pays for the option it buys. If such an option is exercised and a Fund thus sells the securities or futures contract subject to the option, the premium the Fund received will be added to the exercise price to determine the gain or loss on the sale. If a call option purchased by a Fund lapses, it will realize short-term or long-term capital loss, depending on its holding period for the security or futures contract subject thereto. If a Fund exercises a purchased call option, the premium it paid for the option will be added to the basis in the subject securities or futures contract.
A Fund may acquire zero-coupon securities issued with “original issue discount” (“OID”). As a holder of those securities, a Fund must include in its gross income the OID that accrues on the securities during the taxable year, even if it receives no corresponding payment on them during the year. With respect to “market discount bonds” (i.e., bonds purchased at a price less than their issue price plus the portion of OID previously accrued thereon), a Fund may elect to accrue and include in income each year a portion of the bonds’ market discount. Because each Fund annually must distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income, including any accrued OID [and market discount], to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax, a Fund may be required in a particular year to distribute as a dividend an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash it actually receives. Those distributions will be made from a Fund’s cash assets or from the proceeds of sales of portfolio securities, if necessary. A Fund may realize capital gains or losses from those sales, which would increase or decrease its investment company taxable income and/or net capital gain.
If a Fund has an “appreciated financial position” - generally, an interest (including an interest through an option, futures contract or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than “straight debt”) or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis - and enters into a “constructive sale” of the position, the Fund will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that it will recognize gain at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract, or a futures contract entered into by a Fund or a related person with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to any Fund’s transaction during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and a Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund’s risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale, or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).
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The foregoing is only a general summary of some of the important Federal income and excise tax considerations generally affecting the Funds. No attempt is made to present a complete explanation of the Federal tax treatment of the Funds’ activities, and this discussion is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Accordingly, potential investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers for more detailed information and for information regarding any state, local or foreign taxes applicable to the Funds and to distributions therefrom.
Capital Loss Carryovers. As of August 31, 2010, the following Funds had capital loss carryovers on a tax basis in the respective amounts, expiring in the indicated taxable years, shown below:
| | 8/31/2014 | | 8/31/2015 | | 8/31/2016 | | 8/31/2017 | | 8/31/2018 | | Total | |
Select Alternative Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | |
Global Perspective Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 14,988,713 | | $ | 1,648,038 | | $ | 16,636,751 | |
Equity Opportunity Fund | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 3,256,865 | | $ | 0 | | $ | 3,256,865 | |
Capital Loss Utilized: | | | 8/31/2010 | |
Select Alternative Fund | | $ | 3,209,391 | |
Equity Opportunity Fund | | | 1,167,325 | |
To the extent a Fund listed in the preceding table realizes future net capital gains, those gains will be offset by any unused capital loss carryover(s).
Pursuant to the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, capital losses sustained in future taxable years will not expire and may be carried over by a Fund without limitation (after it uses the capital loss carryovers tabulated above).
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements for the Funds for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2010, are hereby incorporated by reference in the Funds’ Annual Report to shareholders dated August 31, 2010. To receive a copy of the Prospectus or Annual or Semi-Annual reports to shareholders, without charge, write to or call the Trust at the address or telephone number listed above.
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Appendix A
Description of Corporate Bond Ratings
A. | Long-Term Ratings |
1. | Moody’s Investors Service – Long-Term Corporate Obligation Ratings |
| Moody’s long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default. |
Aaa | Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk. |
Aa | Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. |
A | Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk. |
Baa | Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered mediumgrade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics. |
Ba | Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk. |
B | Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk. |
Caa | Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk. |
Ca | Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. |
C | Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest. |
Note | Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. |
2. | Standard and Poor’s – Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings (including Preferred Stock) |
| Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations: |
| • | Likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
| • | Nature of and provisions of the obligation; |
| • | Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights. |
| Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or |
A-1
| ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) |
AAA | An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong. |
AA | An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong. |
A | An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong. |
BBB | An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
Note | Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions. |
BB | An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
B | An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
CCC | An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
CC | An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. |
C | A ‘C’ rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms. |
D | An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. |
Note | Plus (+) or minus (-). The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories. |
A-2
NR | This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy. |
3. | Fitch – International Long-Term Credit Ratings |
| International Long-Term Credit Ratings (LTCR) may also be referred to as Long-Term Ratings. When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations. |
| The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings: |
| Investment Grade |
AAA | Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events. |
AA | Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events. |
A | High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings. |
BBB | Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that there are currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category. |
| Speculative Grade |
BB | Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade. |
B | Highly speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. |
CCC | Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions. |
CC | Default of some kind appears probable. |
C | Default is imminent. |
RD | Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations. |
D | Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is |
A-3
| defined as one of the following: |
| • Failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation; |
| • The bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; |
| • The distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation. Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period. |
| Issuers will be rated ‘D’ upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of ‘C’ to ‘B’ ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the ‘B’ or ‘CCC-C’ categories. |
| Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign. |
Note | The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’, or to Short-term ratings other than ‘F1’. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.) |
B. | Preferred Stock Ratings |
1. | Moody’s Investors Service |
aaa | An issue which is rated “aaa” is considered to be a top-quality preferred stock. This rating indicates good asset protection and the least risk of dividend impairment within the universe of preferred stocks. |
aa | An issue which is rated “aa” is considered a high-grade preferred stock. This rating indicates that there is a reasonable assurance the earnings and asset protection will remain relatively well-maintained in the foreseeable future. |
C. | Short Term Ratings |
1. | Moody’s Investors Service |
| Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted. |
| Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers: |
P-1 | Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt |
A-4
| obligations. |
P-2 | Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations. |
P-3 | Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations. |
NP | Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories. |
Note | Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider. |
2. | Standard and Poor’s |
A-1 | A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. |
A-2 | A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. |
A-3 | A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
B | A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B- 1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
B-1 | A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors. |
B-2 | A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors. |
B-3 | A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors. |
C | A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
D | A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. |
A-5
Note | Dual Ratings. Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, ‘AAA/A-1+’). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, ‘SP-1+/A-1+’). |
3. | Fitch |
| The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A Short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner. |
F1 | Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature. |
F2 | Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings. |
F3 | Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non investment grade. |
B | Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions. |
C | High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. |
D | Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. |
Note | The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’, or to Short-term ratings other than ‘F1’. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.) |
A-6
APPENDIX B
Rafferty Asset Management, LLC
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
Recognizing the increased scrutiny that both institutions and corporations are under, it is important to have corporate governance that appreciates the importance of consistently applied policy guidelines that are aligned with investors’ views on key issues. With this in mind we currently use ISS’s proxy voting service to execute ballots on behalf of the Direxion Funds and the Direxion Insurance Trust (collectively, the “Trust”). ISS prepares custom research and votes per their recommendation. If we agree with their recommendation, no action is required. However, we retain the right and ability to override the vote if you disagree with ISS’s vote recommendation.
I. Duty to Vote Proxies
Rafferty Asset Management, LLC (“Rafferty”) views seriously its responsibility to exercise voting authority over securities that are owned by the Trust.
To document that proxies are being voted, ISS (on behalf of the Trust) will maintain a record reflecting when and how each proxy is voted consistent with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940 and other applicable regulations. Rafferty will make its proxy voting history and policies and procedures available to shareholders upon request.
II. Guidelines for Voting Proxies
Rafferty generally follows the recommendations of ISS’s proxy voting guidelines as outlined below. Proxy proposals are considered on their own merits and a determination is made as to support or oppose management’s recommendation. Rafferty will typically accept ISS’s recommendations on social issues as it does not have the means to evaluate the economic impact of such proposals, or determine a consensus among shareholders’ social or political viewpoints.
III. Review and Compliance
It is Rafferty’s responsibility to oversee ISS’s proxy voting to ensure compliance and timely reporting to US Bank. Reports are verified monthly through ISS’s Votex website. ISS provides US Bank with the NP-X file covering the period from July 1st through June 30th of the following year. US Bank files the NP-X with the SEC on the Trust’s behalf. These records are maintained for five years and the previous two years proxy voting records can be accessed by contacting US Bank.
Below is a summary outlining ISS’s US Proxy Voting Guidelines.
1. Auditors
Ratifying Auditors
Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless:
• | An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent; |
• | There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position; or |
• | Fees for non-audit services are excessive. |
B-1
2. Board of Directors
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on director nominees, examining, but not limited to, the following factors:
• | Composition of the board and key board committees; |
• | Attendance at board and committee meetings; |
• | Corporate governance provisions and takeover activity; |
• | Disclosures under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; |
• | Long-term company performance relative to a market and peer index; |
• | Extent of the director’s investment in the company; |
• | Existence of related party transactions; |
• | Whether the chairman is also serving as CEO; |
• | Whether a retired CEO sits on the board; |
• | Number of outside boards at which a director serves. |
WITHHOLD from individual directors who:
| • | Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse (such as illness, service to the nation, work on behalf of the company); |
| • | Sit on more than six public company boards; |
| • | Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own (withhold only at their outside boards). |
WITHHOLD from the entire board (except for new nominees, who should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis) if:
| • | The company’s poison pill has a dead-hand or modified dead-hand feature. Withhold every year until this feature is removed; |
| • | The board adopts or renews a poison pill without shareholder approval since the beginning of 2005, does not commit to putting it to shareholder vote within 12 months of adoption or reneges on a commitment to put the pill to a vote and has not yet been withheld from for this issue; |
| • | The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval by a majority of the shares outstanding the previous year; |
| • | The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval of the majority of shares cast for the previous two consecutive years; |
| • | The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the shareholders tendered their shares; |
| • | At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold rate; |
| • | A Russell 3000 company underperformed its industry group (GICS group). The test will consist of the bottom performers within each industry group. |
WITHHOLD from inside directors and affiliated outside directors when:
| • | The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key committees: audit, compensation, or nominating; |
| • | The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee; |
| • | The full board is less than majority independent. |
WITHHOLD from the members of the Audit Committee if:
| • | The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive; |
B-2
| • | A material weakness identified in the Section 404 disclosures rises to a level of serious concern; there are chronic internal control issues and an absence of established effective control mechanisms. |
WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee if:
| • | There is a negative correlation between chief executive pay and company performance; |
| • | The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder vote; |
| • | The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment they made to shareholders; |
| • | The company has poor compensation practices. |
WITHHOLD from directors, individually or the entire board, for egregious actions or failure to replace management as appropriate.
Classification/Declassification of the Board
Vote AGAINST proposals to classify the board. Vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.
Independent Chair (Separate Chair/CEO)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring the position of chair be filled by an independent director unless there are compelling reasons to recommend against the proposal, such as a counterbalancing governance structure. This should include all of the following:
| • | Designated lead director, elected by and from the independent board members with clearly delineated and comprehensive duties. (The role may alternatively reside with a presiding director, vice chairman, or rotating lead director; however the director must serve a minimum of one year in order to qualify as a lead director.); |
| • | Two-thirds independent board; |
| • | All-independent key committees; |
| • | Established governance guidelines; |
| • | The company does not under-perform its peers. |
Majority Vote Shareholder Proposals
Generally vote FOR reasonably crafted shareholders proposals calling for directors to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast and/or the elimination of the plurality standard for electing directors (including binding resolutions requesting that the board amend the company’s bylaws), provided the proposal includes a carve-out for a plurality voting standard when there are more director nominees than board seats (e.g., contested elections). Consider voting AGAINST the shareholder proposal if the company has adopted a formal corporate governance policy that present a meaningful alternative to the majority voting standard and provide an adequate response to both new nominees as well as incumbent nominees who fail to receive a majority of votes cast.
At a minimum, a company’s policy should articulate the following elements to adequately address each director nominee who fails to receive an affirmative of majority of votes cast in an election:
| • | Established guidelines disclosed annually in the proxy statement concerning the process to follow for nominees who receive majority withhold votes; |
| • | The policy needs to outline a clear and reasonable timetable for all decision-making regarding the nominee’s status; |
| • | The policy needs to specify that the process of determining the nominee’s status will be managed by independent directors and must exclude the nominee in question; |
| • | An outline of a range of remedies (for example, acceptance of the resignation, maintaining the director but curing the underlying causes of the withheld votes, etc.); |
B-3
| • | The final decision on the nominee’s status should be promptly disclosed via an SEC filing. The policy needs to include the timeframe for disclosure and require a full explanation of how the decision was reached. |
In addition, the company should articulate to shareholders why its policy is the best structure for demonstrating accountability to shareholders.
3. Proxy Contests
Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors:
| • | Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry; |
| • | Management’s track record; |
| • | Background to the proxy contest; |
| • | Qualifications of director nominees (both slates); |
| • | Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management; |
| • | Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); |
| • | Stock ownership positions. |
Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When voting in conjunction with support of a dissident slate, vote FOR the reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election.
4. Takeover Defenses
Poison Pills
Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder vote or redeem it UNLESS the company has: (1) A shareholder approved poison pill in place; or (2) The company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future specifying that the board will only adopt a shareholder rights plan if either:
| • | Shareholders have approved the adoption of the plan; or |
| • | The board, in its exercise of its fiduciary responsibilities, determines that it is in the best interest of shareholders under the circumstances to adopt a pill without the delay in adoption that would result from seeking stockholder approval (i.e. the “fiduciary out” provision). A poison pill adopted under this fiduciary out will be put to a shareholder ratification vote within twelve months of adoption or expire. If the pill is not approved by a majority of the votes cast on this issue, the plan will immediately terminate. |
Vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for poison pills to be put to a vote within a time period of less than one year after adoption. If the company has no non-shareholder approved poison pill in place and has adopted a policy with the provisions outlined above, vote AGAINST the proposal. If these conditions are not met, vote FOR the proposal, but with the caveat that a vote within twelve months would be considered sufficient.
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should contain the following attributes:
| • | No lower than a 20 percent trigger, flip-in or flip-over; |
| • | A term of no more than three years; |
| • | No dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand or similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill; |
B-4
| • | Shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced, ten percent of the shares may call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill. |
Supermajority Vote Requirements
Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote. Vote FOR proposals to lower supermajority vote requirements.
5. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
For mergers and acquisitions, evaluate the proposed transaction based on these factors:
| • | Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? |
| • | Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? |
| • | Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. |
| • | Negotiations and process - Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm’s length? Was the process fair and equitable? |
| • | Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. |
| • | Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the parties to the transaction? |
6. State of Incorporation
Reincorporation Proposals
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation, taking into consideration both financial and corporate governance concerns, including the reasons for reincorporating, a comparison of the governance provisions, comparative economic benefits, and a comparison of the jurisdictional laws. Vote FOR reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.
7. Capital Structure
Common Stock Authorization
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance using a model developed by ISS. Vote FOR proposals to approve increases beyond the allowable increase when a company’s shares are in danger of being de-listed or if a company’s ability to continue to operate as a going concern is uncertain. In addition, for capital requests less than or equal to 300 percent of the current authorized shares that marginally fail the calculated allowable cap (i.e., exceed the allowable cap by no more than 5 percent), on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, vote FOR the increase based on the company’s performance and whether the company’s ongoing use of shares has shown prudence.
Issue Stock for Use with Rights Plan
Vote AGAINST proposals that increase authorized common stock for the explicit purpose of implementing a non-shareholder approved shareholder rights plan (poison pill).
Preferred Stock
Vote AGAINST proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights (“blank check” preferred stock). Vote
B-5
AGAINST proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred stock authorized for issuance when no shares have been issued or reserved for a specific purpose.
Vote FOR proposals to create “de-clawed” blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a takeover defense). Vote FOR proposals to authorize preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable. Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred shares after analyzing the number of preferred shares available for issue given a company’s industry and performance in terms of shareholder returns.
8. Executive and Director Compensation
Equity Compensation Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans. Vote AGAINST the plan if:
| • | The total cost of the company’s equity plans is unreasonable; |
| • | The plan expressly permits the repricing of stock options without prior shareholder approval; |
| • | There is a disconnect between CEO pay and the company’s performance; |
| • | The company’s three year burn rate exceeds the greater of 2 percent and the mean plus 1 standard deviation of its industry group; or |
| • | The plan is a vehicle for poor pay practices. |
Director Compensation
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on compensation plans for non-employee directors, based on the cost of the plans against the company’s allowable cap. Vote for the plan if ALL of the following qualitative factors in the board’s compensation plan are met and disclosed in the proxy statement:
| • | Stock ownership guidelines with a minimum of three times the annual cash retainer. |
| • | Vesting schedule or mandatory holding/deferral period: |
- A minimum vesting of three years for stock options or restricted stock; or
- Deferred stock payable at the end of a three-year deferral period.
| • | A balanced mix between cash and equity. If the mix is heavier on equity, the vesting schedule or deferral period should be more stringent, with the lesser of five years or the term of directorship. |
| • | No retirement/benefits and perquisites for non-employee directors; and |
| • | A table with a detailed disclosure of the cash and equity compensation for each non-employee director for the most recent fiscal year. |
Disclosure of CEO Compensation--Tally Sheet
Companies should provide better and more transparent disclosure related to CEO pay. Consider withhold votes in the future from the compensation committee and voting against equity plans if compensation disclosure is not improved and a tally sheet is not provided.
Employee Stock Purchase Plans--Qualified Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on qualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote FOR plans if:
| • | Purchase price is at least 85 percent of fair market value; |
| • | Offering period is 27 months or less; and |
| • | The number of shares allocated to the plan is ten percent or less of the outstanding shares. |
Employee Stock Purchase Plans--Non-Qualified Plans
Vote CASE-by-CASE on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote FOR plans with:
| • | Broad-based participation (i.e., all employees with the exclusion of individuals with 5 percent or more of beneficial ownership of the company); |
| • | Limits on employee contribution (a fixed dollar amount or a percentage of base salary); |
B-6
| • | Company matching contribution up to 25 percent of employee’s contribution, which is effectively a discount of 20 percent from market value; |
| • | No discount on the stock price on the date of purchase since there is a company matching contribution. |
Option Exchange Programs/Re-pricing Options
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/reprice options, taking into consideration historic trading patterns, rationale for the re-pricing, value-for-value exchange treatment of surrendered options, option vesting, term of the option, exercise price and participation. Vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option re- pricing to a shareholder vote.
Severance Agreements for Executives/Golden Parachutes
Vote FOR shareholder proposals to require golden parachutes or executive severance agreements to be submitted for shareholder ratification, unless the proposal requires shareholder approval prior to entering into employment contracts. Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals to ratify or cancel golden parachutes. An acceptable parachute should include:
| • | A trigger beyond the control of management; |
| • | The amount should not exceed three times base amount (defined as the average annual taxable W-2 compensation during the five years prior to the year in which the change of control occurs; |
| • | Change-in-control payments should be double-triggered, i.e., (1) after a change in the company’s ownership structure has taken place, and (2) termination of the executive as a result of the change in control. |
9. Corporate Responsibility
Animal Rights
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to phase out the use of animals in product testing unless:
| • | The company is conducting animal testing programs that are unnecessary or not required by regulation; |
| • | The company is conducting animal testing when suitable alternatives are accepted and used at peer firms; |
| • | The company has been the subject of recent, significant controversy related to its testing programs. |
Generally vote FOR proposals seeking a report on the company’s animal welfare standards.
Drug Pricing and Re-importation
Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that companies implement specific price restraints on pharmaceutical products unless the company fails to adhere to legislative guidelines or industry norms in its product pricing. Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting that the company evaluate their product pricing considering:
| • | The existing level of disclosure on pricing policies; |
| • | Deviation from established industry pricing norms; |
| • | The company’s existing initiatives to provide its products to needy consumers; |
| • | Whether the proposal focuses on specific products or geographic regions. |
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting that companies report on the financial and legal impact of their policies regarding prescription drug re-importation unless such information is already publicly disclosed. Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that companies adopt specific policies to encourage or constrain prescription drug re-importation.
B-7
Genetically Modified Foods
Vote AGAINST proposals asking companies to voluntarily label genetically engineered (GE) ingredients in their products or alternatively to provide interim labeling and eventually eliminate GE ingredients due to the costs and feasibility of labeling and/or phasing out the use of GE ingredients.
Tobacco
Most tobacco-related proposals (such as on second-hand smoke, advertising to youth and spin-offs of tobacco-related business) should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Toxic Chemicals
Generally vote FOR resolutions requesting that a company discloses its policies related to toxic chemicals. Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions requesting that companies evaluate and disclose the potential financial and legal risks associated with utilizing certain chemicals.
Generally vote AGAINST resolutions requiring that a company reformulate its products within a certain timeframe unless such actions are required by law in specific markets.
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Generally vote AGAINST request for reports outlining potential environmental damage from drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) unless:
| • | New legislation is adopted allowing development and drilling in the ANWR region; |
| • | The company intends to pursue operations in the ANWR; and |
| • | The company has not disclosed an environmental risk report for its ANWR operations. |
Concentrated Area Feeding Operations (CAFOs)
Vote FOR resolutions requesting that companies report to shareholders on the risks and liabilities associated with CAFOs unless:
| • | The company has publicly disclosed guidelines for its corporate and contract farming operations, including compliance monitoring; or |
| • | The company does not directly source from CAFOs. |
Global Warming and Kyoto Protocol Compliance
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas emissions from company operations and/or products unless this information is already publicly disclosed or such factors are not integral to the company’s line of business. Generally vote AGAINST proposals that call for reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by specified amounts or within a restrictive time frame unless the company lags industry standards and has been the subject of recent, significant fines or litigation resulting from greenhouse gas emissions.
Generally vote FOR resolutions requesting that companies outline their preparations to comply with standards established by Kyoto Protocol signatory markets unless:
| • | The company does not maintain operations in Kyoto signatory markets; |
| • | The company already evaluates and substantially discloses such information; or, |
| • | Greenhouse gas emissions do not significantly impact the company’s core businesses. |
Political Contributions
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to improve the disclosure of a company’s political contributions considering: any recent significant controversy or litigation related to the company’s political contributions or governmental affairs; and the public availability of a policy on political contributions. Vote AGAINST proposals barring the company from making political contributions.
B-8
Link Executive Compensation to Social Performance
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to review ways of linking executive compensation to social factors, such as corporate downsizings, customer or employee satisfaction, community involvement, human rights, environmental performance, predatory lending, and executive/employee pay disparities.
Outsourcing/Offshoring
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals calling for companies to report on the risks associated with outsourcing, considering: the risks associated with certain international markets; the utility of such a report; and the existence of a publicly available code of corporate conduct that applies to international operations.
Human Rights Reports
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on requests for reports detailing the company’s operations in a particular country and on proposals to implement certain human rights standards at company facilities or those of its suppliers and to commit to outside, independent monitoring.
10. Mutual Fund Proxies
Election of Directors
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors and trustees, following the same guidelines for uncontested directors for public company shareholder meetings. However, mutual fund boards do not usually have compensation committees, so do not withhold for the lack of this committee.
Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on conversion proposals, considering the following factors:
| • | Past performance as a closed-end fund; |
| • | Market in which the fund invests; |
| • | Measures taken by the board to address the discount; and |
| • | Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals. |
Establish Director Ownership Requirement
Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board.
Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When supporting the dissidents, vote FOR the reimbursement of the solicitation expenses.
Terminate the Investment Advisor
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to terminate the investment advisor, considering the following factors:
| • | Performance of the fund’s net asset value; |
| • | The fund’s history of shareholder relations; |
| • | The performance of other funds under the advisor’s management. |
B-9