UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Investment Company Act file number: 811-22671
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
Joseph J. Mantineo
AllianceBernstein L.P.
1345 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10105
(Name and address of agent for service)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (800) 221-5672
Date of fiscal year end: March 31, 2015
Date of reporting period: March 31, 2015
ITEM 1. REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS.
MAR 03.31.15
ANNUAL REPORT
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND
Investment Products Offered
|
• Are Not FDIC Insured • May Lose Value • Are Not Bank Guaranteed |
Investors should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. For copies of our prospectus or summary prospectus, which contain this and other information, visit us online at www.abglobal.com or contact your AB representative. Please read the prospectus and/or summary prospectus carefully before investing.
This shareholder report must be preceded or accompanied by the Fund’s prospectus for individuals who are not current shareholders of the Fund.
You may obtain a description of the Fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures, and information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30, without charge. Simply visit AB’s website at www.abglobal.com, or go to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (the “Commission”) website at www.sec.gov, or call AB at (800) 227-4618.
The Fund files its complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the Commission for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q. The Fund’s Forms N-Q are available on the Commission’s website at www.sec.gov. The Fund’s Forms N-Q may also be reviewed and copied at the Commission’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC; information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling (800) SEC-0330.
Sanford C. Bernstein & Company LLC (“SCB”) and AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (ABI) are the distributors of the Fund. SCB and ABI are members of FINRA and are affiliates of AllianceBernstein L.P., the Adviser of the funds.
The [A/B] logo is a service mark of AllianceBernstein and AllianceBernstein® is a registered trademark used by permission of the owner, AllianceBernstein L.P.
May 6, 2015
Annual Report
This report provides certain performance data for AB Multi-Manager Alternative Fund (the “Fund”) for the annual reporting period ended March 31, 2015. Effective January 30, 2015, the Fund’s name changed from AllianceBernstein Multi-Manager Alternative Fund to AB Multi-Manager Alternative Fund.
Investment Objectives and Policies
The investment objective of the Fund is to seek long-term capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, be able to structure its investments as anticipated, or that its returns will be positive over any period of time. The Fund is not intended as a complete investment program for investors.
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective primarily by allocating its assets among investments in a diversified portfolio of private investment vehicles, commonly referred to as hedge funds (“Underlying Portfolios”). The Fund will invest primarily in Underlying Portfolios pursuing the following strategies: Long/Short Equity, Event Driven, Credit Distressed, Emerging Markets, Global Macro and other strategies. For more information on these strategies, please see “Portfolio of Investments” on pages 7-11. For more information regarding the Fund’s risks, please see “Disclosures and Risks” on pages 3-4 and “Note E—Risks Involved in Investing in the Fund” of the Notes to Financial Statements on pages 16-31.
Investment Results
The table on page 5 provides performance data for the Fund and its benchmark, the Hedge Fund Research
Fund of Funds Index (“HFRI FOF”) Composite Index, for the six- and 12-month periods ended March 31, 2015.
For the six-month period, the Fund generated positive absolute returns but underperformed its benchmark. Much of the relative underperformance stemmed from the Fund’s limited exposure to Underlying Portfolios using Global Macro strategies, including commodity trading strategies and other systematic quantitative strategies, which outperformed all other hedge fund strategies over the period. Disappointing performance from the Fund’s Credit/Distressed Underlying Portfolios also hurt. Widening credit spreads and losses on interest-rate hedges in a declining interest-rate environment took a toll on some Underlying Portfolios, while idiosyncratic, security-specific issues challenged others. Strong performance from the Fund’s long/short equity Underlying Portfolios, the largest allocation of the Fund, benefited overall returns.
For the 12-month period, the Fund generated positive absolute returns but underperformed its benchmark. Similar themes impacted the Fund over the six- and 12-month periods, though limited exposure to global macro had less of an impact over the 12-month period; these Underlying Portfolios didn’t begin to recover from multi-year weakness until late in 2014. Strong performance from the Long/Short Equity Underlying Portfolios contributed meaningfully to absolute and relative returns, as these Underlying Portfolios outpaced their industry peers in the HFRI Equity Hedge Funds Index.
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 1 | |
As of March 31, 2015, the Fund was allocated as follows: 47% to Long/Short Equity among 22 Underlying Portfolios; 32% to Event Driven among 14 Underlying Portfolios; 16% to Credit/Distressed among nine Underlying Portfolios; 4% among two Emerging Markets Underlying Portfolios; and less than 1% allocated to one Global Macro Underlying Portfolio.
The Fund directly entered into derivative transactions in the form of credit default swaps, purchased options and written options for hedging purposes, which had no material impact on performance for either period.
Market Review and Investment Strategy
Stock and bond markets turned more volatile at points in 2014 and early 2015 as economic growth and central bank policy diverged among the world’s biggest economies. With lower oil prices stoking concern about growth and deflation in many regions, more than 20 central banks worldwide have relaxed monetary policy since 2015 began, and several have engaged in some form of quantitative easing. This combined with lower oil prices and a stronger U.S. dollar contributed to an environment that benefited commodity trading and other systematic quantitative strategies. Global Macro funds rallied late in 2014 and early in 2015 after five years
of weak performance. Having very little exposure to these funds negatively impacted relative performance. Amid the continued selloff in lower rated and less liquid credit in the first quarter, the recent environment has been difficult for credit funds. Unfortunately, the Fund has not been immune.
Against a backdrop of strong equity returns, the Alternative Investment Management Team (the “Team”) has been especially pleased with the performance of the Fund’s Long/Short Equity Underlying Portfolios. The period was marked by ups and downs for Event-Driven funds. Many funds in this category fared well in the first half of 2014, but were hurt toward the end of the year when concerns mounted about the risk of deals falling apart. More recently through the first quarter of 2015, these funds, some of the Fund’s Underlying Portfolios included, have benefited from their positioning around mergers and acquisitions.
Consistent with the expectations for hedge funds in a bull market, the Fund’s performance lagged that of the sharply rising equity market but outperformed bonds. In line with the Team’s goal to capitalize on return opportunities across the spectrum and limit risk, the Fund remains diversified by manager and by strategy.
| | |
2 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
DISCLOSURES AND RISKS
Benchmark Disclosure
The unmanaged HFRI FOF Composite Index does not reflect fees and expenses associated with the active management of a mutual fund portfolio. The HFRI FOF Composite Index is an equal-weighted performance index that includes over 650 constituent funds of hedge funds that report their monthly net-of-fee returns to Hedge Fund Research, have at least $50 million under management and have been actively trading for at least 12 months. An investor cannot invest directly in an index, and its results are not indicative of the performance for any specific investment, including the Fund.
A Word about Risk
An investment in the Fund’s shares may be speculative in that it involves a high degree of risk and should not constitute a complete investment program. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the following risk factors. At any point in time, an investment in the Fund’s shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account the distributions paid, if any, and the ability of shareholders to reinvest distributions. If any of the risks discussed below occurs, the Fund’s results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the price of Fund shares could decline significantly and you could lose all or a part of your investment.
Investment in this Fund is highly speculative and involves substantial risk, including loss of principal, and therefore may not be suitable for all investors.
General Risk Factors. Underlying Portfolios may exhibit high volatility, and investors may lose all or substantially all of their investment. Investments by Underlying Portfolios in illiquid assets and foreign markets and the use of short sales, options, leverage, futures, swaps and other derivative instruments may create special risks and substantially increase the impact and likelihood of adverse price movements. Interests in Underlying Portfolios are subject to limitations on transferability and are illiquid, and no secondary market for interests typically exists or is likely to develop. Underlying Portfolios are typically not registered with securities regulators and are therefore generally subject to little or no regulatory oversight. Performance compensation payable to an Underlying Portfolio’s investment adviser may create an incentive to make riskier or more speculative investments. Underlying Portfolios typically charge higher fees than many other types of investments, which can offset trading profits, if any. There can be no assurance that any underlying fund will achieve its investment objectives.
Tax Risks. The Fund intends to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code. However, in order to qualify as a RIC and also to avoid having to pay an “excise tax,” the Fund will be subject to certain limitations on its investments and operations, including a requirement that a specified proportion of its income come from qualifying sources, an asset diversification requirement, and minimum distribution requirements. Satisfaction of the various requirements requires significant support and information from the underlying portfolio funds, and such support and information may not be available, sufficient, verifiable, or provided on a timely basis.
Limited Operating History. The Fund has limited operating history upon which prospective investors can evaluate the performance of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The past investment performance of other accounts managed by AllianceBernstein L.P., the Fund’s investment manager (the “Investment Manager”) and its affiliates should not be construed as an indication of the future results of an investment in the Fund.
Fund of Funds Considerations. The Fund will have no control rights over and limited transparency into the investment programs of the Underlying Portfolios in which it invests. In valuing the Fund’s holdings, the Investment Manager will generally rely
(Disclosures, Risks and Note about Historical Performance continued on next page)
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 3 | |
Disclosures and Risks
DISCLOSURES AND RISKS
(continued from previous page)
on financial information provided by Underlying Portfolios, which may be unaudited, estimated, and/or may not involve third parties. The Fund’s investment opportunities may be limited as a result of withdrawal terms or anticipated liquidity needs (e.g., withdrawal restrictions imposed by underlying hedge funds may delay, preclude, or involve expense in connection with portfolio adjustments by the Investment Manager).
These risks are more fully discussed in the Fund’s prospectus. As with all investments, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
An Important Note About Historical Performance
The performance on the following page represents past performance and does not guarantee future results. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance information shown. All fees and expenses related to the operation of the Fund have been deducted. Performance assumes reinvestment of distributions and does not account for taxes.
| | |
4 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Disclosures and Risks
HISTORICAL PERFORMANCE
(unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
THE FUND VS. ITS BENCHMARK PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 | | Returns | | | |
| 6 Months | | | 12 Months | | | |
AB Multi-Manager Alternative Fund | | | 2.35% | | | | 3.16% | | | |
|
HFRI FOF Composite Index | | | 3.50% | | | | 5.39% | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The fee table in the Fund’s prospectus dated July 31, 2014 shows the Fund’s total annual operating expense ratios as 7.75% (including the Fund’s proportionate share of Underlying Portfolios fees and expenses) gross of any fee waivers or expense reimbursements. Contractual fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements served to limit the Fund’s annual operating expenses to 7.71%. These waivers/reimbursements may not be terminated prior to July 31, 2015. The Financial Highlights section of this report sets forth expense ratio data for the current reporting period; the expense ratios shown above may differ from the expense ratios in the Financial Highlights section since they are based on different time periods and the Financial Highlights section does not include the Fund’s share of Underlying Portfolio fees and expenses.
See Disclosures, Risks and Note about Historical Performance on pages 3-4.
(Historical Performance continued on next page)
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 5 | |
Historical Performance
PORTFOLIO SUMMARY
March 31, 2015 (unaudited)
Net Assets ($mil): $1,377
* | | All data are as of March 31, 2015. The Fund’s strategy breakdown is expressed as a percentage of total investments and may vary over time. |
| | |
6 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Portfolio Summary
PORTFOLIO OF INVESTMENTS
March 31, 2015
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Underlying Portfolios | | | | Fair Value ($) | | | % Net Assets | | | Liquidity* |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long/Short Equity | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Aravt Global Fund Ltd. | | | | $ | 28,476,743 | | | | 2.1 | % | | Semi-Annual |
Cadian Offshore Fund Ltd. | | | | | 24,241,826 | | | | 1.8 | | | Semi-Annual |
Coatue Offshore Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 31,815,297 | | | | 2.3 | | | Quarterly |
Corvex Offshore Ltd. | | | | | 41,273,044 | | | | 3.0 | | | Quarterly |
Criterion Horizons Offshore, Ltd. | | | | | 28,796,585 | | | | 2.1 | | | Monthly |
Darsana Overseas Fund Ltd. | | | | | 26,536,191 | | | | 1.9 | | | Annual |
Egerton Long-Short Fund (USD) Limited | | | | | 33,613,498 | | | | 2.4 | | | Monthly |
Falcon Edge Global, Ltd. | | | | | 29,683,860 | | | | 2.2 | | | Quarterly |
Jana Nirvana Offshore Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 39,104,552 | | | | 2.8 | | | Quarterly |
Luminus Energy Partners Ltd. | | | | | 37,682,222 | | | | 2.8 | | | Quarterly |
Nokota Capital Offshore Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 35,721,646 | | | | 2.6 | | | Quarterly |
OrbiMed Partners, Ltd. | | | | | 44,317,398 | | | | 3.2 | | | Quarterly |
Pershing Square International, Ltd. | | | | | 19,066,803 | | | | 1.4 | | | Quarterly |
Sheffield International Partners, Ltd. | | | | | 23,794,970 | | | | 1.7 | | | Annual |
Starboard Leaders Fund LP | | | | | 11,823,475 | | | | 0.9 | | | At Fund’s discretion |
Starboard Value and Opportunity Fund Ltd. | | | | | 31,301,896 | | | | 2.3 | | | Quarterly |
Think Investments Offshore Ltd. | | | | | 22,602,752 | | | | 1.6 | | | Semi-Annual |
Two Creeks Capital Offshore Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 32,876,931 | | | | 2.4 | | | Quarterly |
Tybourne Equity (Offshore) Fund | | | | | 34,575,763 | | | | 2.5 | | | Quarterly |
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 7 | |
Portfolio of Investments
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Underlying Portfolios | | | | Fair Value ($) | | | % Net Assets | | | Liquidity* |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ValueAct Capital International I LP | | | | $ | 31,990,389 | | | | 2.3 | % | | Annual |
Wellington Management Investors (Bermuda), Ltd. | | | | | 23,536,810 | | | | 1.7 | | | Semi-Annual |
White Elm Capital Offshore, Ltd. | | | | | 20,929,223 | | | | 1.5 | | | Semi-Annual |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | 653,761,874 | | | | 47.5 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Event Driven | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Canyon Balanced Fund (Cayman), Ltd. | | | | | 41,890,791 | | | | 3.0 | | | Quarterly |
CQS Directional Opportunities Feeder Fund Limited | | | | | 32,583,476 | | | | 2.4 | | | Monthly |
Empyrean Capital Overseas Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 23,668,698 | | | | 1.7 | | | Quarterly |
Fir Tree International Value Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 30,327,249 | | | | 2.2 | | | Biennially |
Indaba Capital Partners (Cayman), LP | | | | | 27,043,322 | | | | 2.0 | | | Quarterly |
King Street Capital, Ltd. | | | | | 27,586,500 | | | | 2.0 | | | Quarterly |
Luxor Capital Partners Offshore, Ltd. | | | | | 23,480,794 | | | | 1.7 | | | Biennially |
Manikay Offshore Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 31,248,153 | | | | 2.3 | | | Quarterly |
Myriad Opportunities Offshore Fund Limited | | | | | 30,501,425 | | | | 2.2 | | | Quarterly |
Pentwater Event Fund Ltd. | | | | | 36,994,645 | | | | 2.7 | | | Monthly |
Roystone Capital Offshore Fund Ltd. | | | | | 28,580,996 | | | | 2.1 | | | Quarterly |
Senator Global Opportunity Offshore Fund II Ltd. | | | | | 35,989,748 | | | | 2.6 | | | Quarterly |
| | |
8 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Portfolio of Investments
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Underlying Portfolios | | | | Fair Value ($) | | | % Net Assets | | | Liquidity* |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
TBC Offshore Ltd. | | | | $ | 39,444,377 | | | | 2.9 | % | | Quarterly |
Third Point Offshore Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 39,880,305 | | | | 2.9 | | | Quarterly |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | 449,220,479 | | | | 32.7 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit/Distressed | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Claren Road Credit Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 5,325,748 | | | | 0.4 | | | Quarterly |
Halcyon Offshore Asset-Backed Value Fund Ltd. | | | | | 2,268,648 | | | | 0.2 | | | Quarterly |
JMB Capital Partners Offshore, Ltd. | | | | | 31,067,566 | | | | 2.3 | | | Annual |
Mudrick Distressed Opportunity Fund Offshore, Ltd. | | | | | 26,863,224 | | | | 1.9 | | | Annual |
Oaktree Value Opportunities (Cayman) Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 29,590,358 | | | | 2.1 | | | Every 18 Months |
Panning Overseas Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 30,958,377 | | | | 2.2 | | | Quarterly |
Silver Point Capital Offshore Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 33,324,505 | | | | 2.4 | | | Annual |
Stone Lion Fund Ltd. | | | | | 27,334,504 | | | | 2.0 | | | Quarterly |
Wingspan Overseas Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 35,155,229 | | | | 2.6 | | | Quarterly |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | 221,888,159 | | | | 16.1 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Emerging Markets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discovery Global Opportunity Fund, Ltd. | | | | | 31,290,392 | | | | 2.3 | | | Semi-Annual |
Spinnaker GEM Holdings Ltd. | | | | | 27,557,635 | | | | 2.0 | | | Annual |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | 58,848,027 | | | | 4.3 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Global Macro | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Brevan Howard Multi-Strategy Fund Limited | | | | | 6,050,513 | | | | 0.4 | | | Monthly |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 9 | |
Portfolio of Investments
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Fair Value ($) | | | % Net Assets | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Investments (cost $1,238,167,589) | | | | $ | 1,389,769,052 | | | | 101.0 | % | | |
Liabilities in excess of other assets | | | | | (13,217,388 | ) | | | (1.0 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Assets | | | | $ | 1,376,551,664 | | | | 100.0 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
* | | The investment strategies and liquidity of the Underlying Portfolios in which the Fund invests are as follows: |
Long/Short Equity Underlying Portfolios seek to buy securities with the expectation that they will increase in value (called “going long”) and sell securities short in the expectation that they will decrease in value (“going short”). Underlying Portfolios within this strategy are generally subject to 30 – 180 day redemption notice periods. The Underlying Portfolios have monthly to biennial liquidity. The majority of the managers have initial lockups of less than a year and a half. Certain Underlying Portfolios may have lock up periods of up to five years.
Credit/Distressed Underlying Portfolios invest in a variety of fixed income and other securities, including bonds (corporate and government), bank debt, asset-backed financial instruments, mortgage-backed securities and mezzanine and distressed securities, as well as securities of distressed companies and high yield securities. Underlying Portfolios within this strategy are generally subject to 45 – 90 day redemption notice periods. The Underlying Portfolios have monthly to one and a half years’ liquidity. Certain Underlying Portfolios may have lock up periods of up to three years.
Event Driven Underlying Portfolios seek to take advantage of information inefficiencies resulting from a particular corporate event, such as a takeover, liquidation, bankruptcy, tender offer, buyback, spin-off, exchange offer, merger or other type of corporate reorganization. Underlying Portfolios within this strategy are generally subject to 60 – 90 day redemption notice periods. The Underlying Portfolios have monthly to biennial liquidity. Private investment vehicles within the strategy may have lock up periods of up to two years.
Emerging Markets Underlying Portfolios invest in a range of emerging markets asset classes including debt, equity and currencies, and may use a broad array of hedging techniques involving both emerging markets and non-emerging markets securities with the intention of reducing volatility and enhancing returns. Underlying Portfolios within this strategy are generally subject to 60 – 120 day redemption notice periods. The Underlying Portfolios have semi-annual to annual liquidity. Private investment vehicles within the strategy may have lock up periods of up to three years.
| | |
10 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Portfolio of Investments
Global Macro Underlying Portfolios aim to identify and exploit imbalances in global economics and asset classes, typically utilizing macroeconomic and technical market factors rather than “bottom-up” individual security analysis. Underlying Portfolios within this strategy are generally subject to 60 – 90 day redemption notice periods. The Underlying Portfolios have monthly liquidity. Private investment vehicles within the strategy may have lock up periods of up to two years.
The Fund may also make direct investments in securities (other than securities of Underlying Portfolios), options, futures, options on futures, swap contracts, or other derivative or financial instruments.
See notes to financial statements.
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 11 | |
Portfolio of Investments
STATEMENT OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
March 31, 2015
| | | | |
Assets | | | | |
Investments in Underlying Portfolios, at value (cost $1,238,167,589) | | $ | 1,389,769,052 | |
Cash | | | 1,636,582 | |
Receivable for investments sold | | | 1,708,684 | |
Investment in Underlying Portfolios paid in advance (see Note A2) | | | 30,000,000 | |
| | | | |
Total assets | | | 1,423,114,318 | |
| | | | |
Liabilities | | | | |
Payable for shares of beneficial interest redeemed | | | 21,574,310 | |
Subscriptions received in advance | | | 18,611,751 | |
Credit facility payable | | | 4,100,000 | |
Management fee payable | | | 1,768,129 | |
Transfer Agent fee payable | | | 23,221 | |
Accrued expenses | | | 485,243 | |
| | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 46,562,654 | |
| | | | |
Net Assets | | $ | 1,376,551,664 | |
| | | | |
Composition of Net Assets | | | | |
Shares of beneficial interest, at par | | $ | 118,243 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 1,293,831,581 | |
Distributions in excess of net investment income | | | (47,943,996 | ) |
Accumulated net realized loss on investment transactions | | | (21,055,627 | ) |
Net unrealized appreciation on investments | | | 151,601,463 | |
| | | | |
Net Assets | | $ | 1,376,551,664 | |
| | | | |
Shares of beneficial interest outstanding — unlimited shares authorized, with par value of $.001 (based on 118,242,535 shares outstanding) | | $ | 11.64 | |
| | | | |
See notes to financial statements.
| | |
12 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Statement of Assets & Liabilities
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended March 31, 2015
| | | | | | | | |
Investment Income | | | | | | | | |
Interest | | | | | | $ | 754 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | |
Management fee (see Note B) | | $ | 18,469,051 | | | | | |
Custodian | | | 521,261 | | | | | |
Registration fees | | | 440,816 | | | | | |
Recoupment of previously reimbursed expenses | | | 415,576 | | | | | |
Legal | | | 342,893 | | | | | |
Transfer agency | | | 246,254 | | | | | |
Administrative | | | 200,957 | | | | | |
Trustee’s fees | | | 143,695 | | | | | |
Audit and tax | | | 105,313 | | | | | |
Printing | | | 61,421 | | | | | |
Miscellaneous | | | 587,078 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total expenses before interest expense | | | 21,534,315 | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | 4,860 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | | | | | 21,539,175 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net investment loss | | | | | | | (21,538,421 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investment Transactions | | | | | | | | |
Net realized gain (loss) on: | | | | | | | | |
Investment transactions | | | | | | | (5,316,862 | ) |
Options written | | | | | | | 675,542 | |
Swaps | | | | | | | (43,299 | ) |
Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of investment transactions | | | | | | | 67,884,151 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net gain on investment transactions | | | | | | | 63,199,532 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net Increase in Net Assets from Operations | | | | | | $ | 41,661,111 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to financial statements.
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 13 | |
Statement of Operations
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended March 31, 2015 | | | Year Ended March 31, 2014 | |
Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets from Operations | | | | | | | | |
Net investment loss | | $ | (21,538,421 | ) | | $ | (12,053,888 | ) |
Net realized gain (loss) on investment transactions | | | (4,684,619 | ) | | | 343,057 | |
Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of investment transactions | | | 67,884,151 | | | | 66,207,214 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net increase in net assets from operations | | | 41,661,111 | | | | 54,496,383 | |
Dividends and Distributions to Shareholders from | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | (1,911,161 | ) | | | (12,368,064 | ) |
Net realized gain on investment transactions | | | (12,456,272 | ) | | | (2,314,956 | ) |
Transactions in Shares of Beneficial Interest | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (see Note D) | | | 368,720,756 | | | | 630,204,556 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total increase | | | 396,014,434 | | | | 670,017,919 | |
Net Assets | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of period | | | 980,537,230 | | | | 310,519,311 | |
| | | | | | | | |
End of period (including distributions in excess of net investment income of ($47,943,996) and ($26,437,251), respectively) | | $ | 1,376,551,664 | | | $ | 980,537,230 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to financial statements.
| | |
14 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Statement of Changes in Net Assets
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended March 31, 2015
| | | | |
Cash flows from operating activities | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in net assets from operations | | $ | 41,661,111 | |
| | | | |
Adjustments to reconcile net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | |
Increase in receivable for investments sold | | | (1,708,684 | ) |
Purchases of investments | | | (437,360,352 | ) |
Sales of investments | | | 92,389,650 | |
Proceeds from options written, net | | | 675,542 | |
Payments on swaps, net | | | (43,299 | ) |
Net realized loss on investment transactions | | | 4,684,619 | |
Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation on investments transactions | | | (67,884,151 | ) |
Increase in investments in Underlying Portfolios paid in advance | | | (9,000,000 | ) |
Increase in management fee payable | | | 404,916 | |
Increase in accrued expenses | | | 68,498 | |
| | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (376,112,150 | ) |
Cash flows from financing activities | | | | |
Subscriptions, including change in subscriptions received in advance | | | 361,584,183 | |
Redemptions, net of payable for shares of beneficial interest redeemed | | | (37,140,000 | ) |
Distributions, net of reinvestments* | | | (1,865,286 | ) |
Borrowing on credit facility | | | 4,100,000 | |
| | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 326,678,897 | |
| | | | |
Net change in cash | | | (49,433,253 | ) |
Cash at beginning of year | | | 51,069,835 | |
| | | | |
Cash at end of year | | $ | 1,636,582 | |
| | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | | | | |
Interest expense paid during the year | | $ | 4,860 | |
* Reinvestment of distributions | | $ | 12,502,147 | |
See notes to financial statements.
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 15 | |
Statement of Cash Flows
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE A
Significant Accounting Policies
AB Multi-Manager Alternative Fund (the “Fund”) is a statutory trust formed under the laws of the State of Delaware and registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Prior to January 30, 2015, the Fund was known as AllianceBernstein Multi-Manager Alternative Fund. The Fund commenced operations on October 1, 2012. The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, be able to structure its investments as anticipated, or that its returns will be positive over any period of time. The Fund is not intended as a complete investment program for investors. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective primarily by allocating its assets among investments in private investment vehicles (“Underlying Portfolios”), commonly referred to as hedge funds, that are managed by unaffiliated asset managers that employ a broad range of investment strategies. The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) which require management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. The Fund is an investment company under U.S. GAAP and follows the accounting and reporting guidance applicable to investment companies. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material. The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Fund.
1. Valuation of Investments
The Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) has approved pricing and valuation policies and procedures pursuant to which the Fund’s investments in Underlying Portfolios are valued at fair value (the “Valuation Procedures”). Among other matters, the Valuation Procedures set forth the Fund’s valuation policies and the mechanisms and processes to be employed on a monthly basis to implement such policies. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fair value of an Underlying Portfolio as of each valuation time ordinarily is the value determined as of such month-end for each Underlying Portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Portfolio’s valuation policies and reported at the time of the Fund’s valuation.
On a monthly basis, the Fund generally uses the net asset value (“NAV”), provided by the Underlying Portfolios, to determine the fair value of all Underlying Portfolios which (a) do not have readily determinable fair values and (b) either have the attributes of an investment company or prepare their financial statements consistent with measurement principles of an investment company. As a general matter, the fair value of the Fund’s interest in an Underlying Portfolio represents the amount that the Fund could reasonably expect to receive from an
| | |
16 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Notes to Financial Statements
Underlying Portfolio if its interest were redeemed at the time of valuation. In the unlikely event that an Underlying Portfolio does not report a month-end value to the Fund on a timely basis, the Fund would determine the fair value of such Underlying Portfolio based on the most recent value reported by the Underlying Portfolio, and any other relevant information available at the time the Fund values its portfolio. In making a fair value determination, the Fund will consider all appropriate information reasonably available to it at the time and that AllianceBernstein L.P. (the “Investment Manager”) believes to be reliable. The Fund may consider factors such as, among others: (i) the price at which recent subscriptions for or redemptions of the Underlying Portfolio’s interests were effected; (ii) information provided to the Fund by the manager of an Underlying Portfolio, or the failure to provide such information as the Underlying Portfolio manager agreed to provide in the Underlying Portfolio’s offering materials or other agreements with the Fund; (iii) relevant news and other sources; and (iv) market events. In addition, when an Underlying Portfolio imposes extraordinary restrictions on redemptions, or when there have been no recent subscriptions for Underlying Portfolio interests, the Fund may determine that it is appropriate to apply a discount to the NAV reported by the Underlying Portfolio. The use of different factors and estimation methodologies could have a significant effect on the estimated fair value and could be material to the financial statements.
In general, the market values of securities which are readily available and deemed reliable are determined as follows: securities listed on a national securities exchange (other than securities listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. (“NASDAQ”)) or on a foreign securities exchange are valued at the last sale price at the close of the exchange or foreign securities exchange. If there has been no sale on such day, the securities are valued at the last traded price from the previous day. Securities listed on more than one exchange are valued by reference to the principal exchange on which the securities are traded; securities listed only on NASDAQ are valued in accordance with the NASDAQ Official Closing Price; listed or over the counter (“OTC”) market put or call options are valued at the mid level between the current bid and ask prices. If either a current bid or current ask price is unavailable, the Investment Manager will have discretion to determine the best valuation (e.g. last trade price in the case of listed options); open futures are valued using the closing settlement price or, in the absence of such a price, the most recent quoted bid price. If there are no quotations available for the day of valuation, the last available closing settlement price is used. Swaps and other derivatives are valued daily, primarily using independent pricing services, independent pricing models using market inputs, as well as third party broker-dealers or counterparties. Investment companies are valued at their net asset value each day.
Securities for which market quotations are not readily available (including restricted securities) or are deemed unreliable are valued at fair value. Factors considered in making this determination may include, but are not limited to, information obtained by contacting the issuer, analysts, analysis of the issuer’s
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 17 | |
Notes to Financial Statements
financial statements or other available documents. In addition, the Fund may use fair value pricing for securities primarily traded in non-U.S. markets because most foreign markets close well before the Fund values its securities at 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The earlier close of these foreign markets gives rise to the possibility that significant events, including broad market moves, may have occurred between the close of the foreign markets and the time at which the Fund values its securities which may materially affect the value of securities trading in such markets. To account for this, the Fund may frequently value many of its foreign equity securities using fair value prices based on third party vendor modeling tools to the extent available.
The Investment Manager has established a Valuation Committee (the “Committee”) made up of representatives of portfolio management, fund accounting, compliance and risk management which operates under the Valuation Procedures and is responsible for overseeing the pricing and valuation of all securities held in the Fund. The Committee’s responsibilities include: 1) fair value determinations (and oversight of any third parties to whom any responsibility for fair value determinations is delegated), and 2) regular monitoring of the Valuation Procedures and modification or enhancement of the Valuation Procedures (or recommendation of the modification of the Valuation Procedures) as the Committee believes appropriate. Prior to investing in any Underlying Portfolio, and periodically thereafter, the Investment Manager will conduct a due diligence review of the valuation methodology utilized by the Underlying Portfolio. In addition, there are several processes outside of the pricing process that are used to monitor valuation issues including: 1) performance and performance attribution reports are monitored for anomalous impacts based upon benchmark performance, and 2) portfolio managers review all portfolios for performance and analytics.
U.S. GAAP establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. Inputs may be observable or unobservable and refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Fund. Unobservable inputs reflect the Fund’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. Each investment is assigned a level based upon the observability of the inputs which are significant to the overall valuation. The three-tier hierarchy of inputs is summarized below.
| • | | Level 1—quoted prices in active markets for identical investments |
| • | | Level 2—other significant observable inputs |
| • | | Level 3—significant unobservable inputs |
| | |
18 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Notes to Financial Statements
In May 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2015-07, Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or its equivalent), as an amendment to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this ASU apply to reporting entities that elect to measure the fair value of an investment using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient, as the Fund does for its investments in Underlying Portfolios. The amendments in this ASU remove the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy, as described above, all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. The amendments also remove the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. Rather, those disclosures are limited to investments for which the Fund has elected to measure the fair value using that practical expedient.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with application of the amendments noted above retrospectively to all periods presented. The retrospective approach requires that an investment for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient be removed from the fair value hierarchy in all periods presented in an entity’s financial statements. Earlier application of this ASU is permitted. The Investment Manager has reviewed the requirements of the ASU and determined that early adoption of this ASU would be applied to the relevant disclosures of the Fund.
Valuations reflected in this report are as of the report date. As a result, changes in valuation due to market events and/or issuer related events after the report date and prior to issuance of the report are not reflected herein.
| | | | |
Total Investments Measured at NAV | | $ | 1,389,769,052 | |
| | | | |
At March 31, 2015, the Fund only held investments valued at NAV as practical expedient, as such, no leveling in accordance with the hierarchy described above requires disclosure.
2. Cash Committed
As of March 31, 2015, the Fund has committed to purchase the following Underlying Portfolios for effective date April 1, 2015.
| | | | |
Underlying Portfolios | | Amount Committed | |
Lion Point International, Ltd.* | | $ | 30,000,000 | |
| | | | |
* | | Investments paid in advance amounted to $30,000,000. |
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 19 | |
Notes to Financial Statements
3. Taxes
It is the Fund’s policy to meet the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to regulated investment companies and to distribute all of its investment company taxable income and net realized gains, if any, to shareholders. Therefore, no provisions for federal income or excise taxes are required. The Fund intends to continue to comply with the requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as they apply to regulated investment companies. By so complying, the Fund will not be subject to federal and state income taxes to the extent that all of its income is distributed.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP requirements regarding accounting for uncertainties in income taxes, management has analyzed the Fund’s tax positions taken or expected to be taken on federal and state income tax returns for all open tax years (all years since inception of the Fund) and has concluded that no provision for income tax is required in the Fund’s financial statements.
4. Investment Income and Investment Transactions
Income and capital gain distributions, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Investment transactions are accounted for on the trade date or effective date. Investment gains and losses are determined on the identified cost basis.
5. Expenses
Expenses included in the accompanying statements of operations do not include any expenses of the Underlying Portfolios.
6. Dividends and Distributions
Dividends and distributions to shareholders, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Income dividends and capital gains distributions are determined in accordance with federal tax regulations and may differ from those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. To the extent these differences are permanent, such amounts are reclassified within the capital accounts based on their federal tax basis treatment; temporary differences do not require such reclassification.
NOTE B
Management Fee and Other Transactions with Affiliates
Under the terms of the investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Fund pays the Investment Manager a management fee at an annual rate of 1.50% of an aggregate of the Fund’s net assets determined as of the last day of a calendar month and adjusted for subscriptions and repurchases accepted as of the first day of the subsequent month (the “Management Fee”). The Management Fee is payable in arrears as of the last day of the subsequent month.
The Investment Manager has agreed to waive its fees and bear certain expenses through July 31, 2015 to the extent necessary to limit total operating expenses, excluding the Management Fee, extraordinary expenses, interest expenses, taxes, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, and Underlying Portfolio fees
| | |
20 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Notes to Financial Statements
and expenses, on an annual basis to 0.25% of average monthly net assets (1.75% including Management Fee). For the year ended March 31, 2015, there was no such reimbursement. Under an expense limitation agreement between the Investment Manager and the Fund, certain fees previously waived and expenses previously borne by the Investment Manager are subject to repayment by the Fund until September 30, 2015. No repayment will be made that would cause the Fund’s total annualized operating expenses to exceed the net fee percentage set forth above or would exceed the amount of offering expenses as recorded by the Fund on or before September 30, 2013. During the year ended March 31, 2015, the Fund made repayments to the Investment Manager in the amount of $415,576.
Under a separate administrative agreement, the Fund may use the Investment Manager and its personnel to provide certain administrative services to the Fund and, in such event, the services and payments will be subject to approval by the Fund’s Board. For the year ended March 31, 2015, the reimbursement for such fees amounted to $200,957.
The Fund may engage one or more distributors to solicit investments in the Fund. Sanford C. Bernstein & Company LLC (“Bernstein”) and AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (“ABI”), each an affiliate of the Investment Manager, have been selected as distributors of the Fund under Distribution Services Agreement. The Distribution Services Agreements do not call for any payments to be made to Bernstein or ABI by the Fund.
The Fund compensates AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. (“ABIS”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Investment Manager, under a Transfer Agency Agreement for providing personnel and facilities to perform transfer agency services for the Fund. Such compensation paid to ABIS amounted to $246,254 for the year ended March 31, 2015.
NOTE C
Investment Transactions
1. Purchases and Sales
Purchases and sales of investments in the Underlying Portfolios, aggregated $437,360,352 and $92,389,650, respectively, for the year ended March 31, 2015.
The cost of investments for federal income tax purposes, gross unrealized appreciation and unrealized depreciation are as follows:
| | | | |
Cost | | $ | 1,320,254,538 | |
| | | | |
Gross unrealized appreciation | | $ | 161,805,285 | |
Gross unrealized depreciation | | | (92,290,771 | ) |
| | | | |
Net unrealized appreciation | | $ | 69,514,514 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 21 | |
Notes to Financial Statements
2. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Fund may use derivatives in an effort to earn income and enhance returns, to replace more traditional direct investments, to obtain exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets (collectively, “investment purposes”), or to hedge or adjust the risk profile of its portfolio.
The principal types of derivatives utilized by the Fund, as well as the methods in which they may be used are:
For hedging and investment purposes, the Fund may purchase and write (sell) put and call options on U.S. and foreign securities, including government securities, and foreign currencies that are traded on U.S. and foreign securities exchanges and over-the-counter markets. The Fund may also use options transactions for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under “Currency Transactions”.
The risk associated with purchasing an option is that the Fund pays a premium whether or not the option is exercised. Additionally, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the premium and change in market value should the counterparty not perform under the contract. Put and call options purchased are accounted for in the same manner as portfolio securities. The cost of securities acquired through the exercise of call options is increased by premiums paid. The proceeds from securities sold through the exercise of put options are decreased by the premiums paid.
When the Fund writes an option, the premium received by the Fund is recorded as a liability and is subsequently adjusted to the current market value of the option written. Premiums received from written options which expire unexercised are recorded by the Fund on the expiration date as realized gains from options written. The difference between the premium received and the amount paid on effecting a closing purchase transaction, including brokerage commissions, is also treated as a realized gain, or if the premium received is less than the amount paid for the closing purchase transaction, as a realized loss. If a call option is exercised, the premium received is added to the proceeds from the sale of the underlying security or currency in determining whether the Fund has realized a gain or loss. If a put option is exercised, the premium received reduces the cost basis of the security or currency purchased by the Fund. In writing an option, the Fund bears the market risk of an unfavorable change in the price of the security or currency underlying the written option. Exercise of an option written by the Fund could result in the Fund selling or buying a security or currency at a price different from the current market value.
During the year ended March 31, 2015, the Fund held purchased options for hedging purposes.
| | |
22 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Notes to Financial Statements
During the year ended March 31, 2015, the Fund held written options for hedging purposes.
For the year ended March 31, 2015, the Fund had the following transactions in written options:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Number of Contracts | | | Premiums Received | |
Options written outstanding as of 03/31/14 | | | – 0 | – | | $ | – 0 | – |
Options written | | | 469 | | | | 689,874 | |
Options expired | | | – 0 | – | | | – 0 | – |
Options bought back | | | (469 | ) | | | (689,874 | ) |
Options exercised | | | – 0 | – | | | – 0 | – |
| | | | | | | | |
Options written outstanding as of 03/31/15 | | | – 0 | – | | $ | – 0 | – |
| | | | | | | | |
The Fund may enter into swaps to hedge its exposure to interest rates, credit risk, or currencies. The Fund may also enter into swaps for non-hedging purposes as a means of gaining market exposures, including by making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under “Currency Transactions”. A swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates for a specified amount of an underlying asset. The payment flows are usually netted against each other, with the difference being paid by one party to the other. In addition, collateral may be pledged or received by the Fund in accordance with the terms of the respective swaps to provide value and recourse to the Fund or its counterparties in the event of default, bankruptcy or insolvency by one of the parties to the swap.
Risks may arise as a result of the failure of the counterparty to the swap to comply with the terms of the swap. The loss incurred by the failure of a counterparty is generally limited to the net interim payment to be received by the Fund, and/or the termination value at the end of the contract. Therefore, the Fund considers the creditworthiness of each counterparty to a swap in evaluating potential counterparty risk. This risk is mitigated by having a netting arrangement between the Fund and the counterparty and by the posting of collateral by the counterparty to the Fund to cover the Fund’s exposure to the counterparty. Additionally, risks may arise from unanticipated movements in interest rates or in the value of the underlying securities. The Fund accrues for the interim payments on swaps on a daily basis, with the net amount recorded within unrealized appreciation/depreciation of swaps on the statement of assets and liabilities, where applicable. Once the interim payments are settled in cash, the net amount is recorded as realized gain/(loss) on swaps on the statement of operations, in addition to any realized gain/(loss) recorded upon the termination of swaps. Upfront premiums paid or received in connection with credit default swaps are recognized as cost or proceeds on the statement of assets and
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 23 | |
Notes to Financial Statements
liabilities and are amortized on a straight line basis over the life of the contract. Amortized upfront premiums are included in net realized gain/(loss) from swaps on the statement of operations. Fluctuations in the value of swaps are recorded as a component of net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of swaps on the statement of operations.
Certain standardized swaps, including certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, are (or soon will be) subject to mandatory central clearing. Cleared swaps are transacted through futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) that are members of central clearinghouses, with the clearinghouse serving as central counterparty, similar to transactions in futures contracts. Centralized clearing will be required for additional categories of swaps on a phased-in basis based on requirements published by the Securities and Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
At the time the Fund enters into a centrally cleared swap, the Fund deposits and maintains as collateral an initial margin with the broker, as required by the clearinghouse on which the transaction is effected. Such amount is shown as cash collateral due from broker on the statement of assets and liabilities. Pursuant to the contract, the Fund agrees to receive from or pay to the broker an amount of cash equal to the daily fluctuation in the value of the contract. Such receipts or payments are known as variation margin and are recorded by the Fund as unrealized gains or losses. Risks may arise from the potential inability of a counterparty to meet the terms of the contract. The credit/counterparty risk for centrally cleared swaps is generally less than non-centrally cleared swaps, since the clearinghouse, which is the issuer or counterparty to centrally cleared swap, has robust risk mitigation standards, including the requirement to provide initial and variation margin. When the contract is closed, the Fund records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the time it was closed.
Credit Default Swaps:
The Fund may enter into credit default swaps for multiple reasons, including to manage its exposure to the market or certain sectors of the market, to reduce its risk exposure to defaults by corporate and sovereign issuers held by the Fund, or to create exposure to corporate or sovereign issuers to which they are not otherwise exposed. The Fund may purchase credit protection (“Buy Contract”) or provide credit protection (“Sale Contract”) on the referenced obligation of the credit default swap. During the term of the swap, the Fund receives/(pays) fixed payments from/(to) the respective counterparty, calculated at the agreed upon rate applied to the notional amount. If the Fund is a buyer/(seller) of protection and a credit event occurs, as defined under the terms of the swap, the Fund will either (i) receive from the seller/(pay to the buyer) of protection an amount equal to the
| | |
24 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Notes to Financial Statements
notional amount of the swap (the “Maximum Payout Amount”) and deliver/(take delivery of) the referenced obligation or (ii) receive/(pay) a net settlement amount in the form of cash or securities equal to the notional amount of the swap less the recovery value of the referenced obligation.
In certain circumstances Maximum Payout Amounts may be partially offset by recovery values of the respective referenced obligations, upfront premium received upon entering into the agreement, or net amounts received from settlement of buy protection credit default swaps entered into by the Fund for the same reference obligation with the same counterparty. As of March 31, 2015, the Fund did not have any Buy Contracts with respect to the same referenced obligation and same counterparty for its Sale Contracts outstanding.
Credit default swaps may involve greater risks than if a Fund had invested in the referenced obligation directly. Credit default swaps are subject to general market risk, liquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. If the Fund is a buyer of protection and no credit event occurs, it will lose the payments it made to its counterparty. If the Fund is a seller of protection and a credit event occurs, the value of the referenced obligation received by the Fund coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the Maximum Payout Amount it pays to the buyer, resulting in a net loss to the Fund.
During the year ended March 31, 2015, the Fund held credit default swaps for hedging purposes.
Implied credit spreads over U.S. Treasuries of comparable maturity utilized in determining the market value of credit default swaps on issuers as of period end are disclosed in the portfolio of investments. The implied spreads serve as an indicator of the current status of the payment/performance risk and typically reflect the market’s assessment of the likelihood of default by the issuer of the referenced obligation. The implied credit spread of a particular reference obligation also reflects the cost of buying/selling protection and may include upfront payments required to be made to enter into the agreement. Widening credit spreads typically represent a deterioration of the referenced obligation’s credit soundness and greater likelihood of default or other credit event occurring as defined under the terms of the agreement. A credit spread identified as “Defaulted” indicates a credit event has occurred for the referenced obligation.
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 25 | |
Notes to Financial Statements
The effect of derivative instruments on the statement of operations for the year ended March 31, 2015:
| | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative Type | | Location of Gain or (Loss) on Derivatives | | Realized Gain or (Loss) on Derivatives | | | Change in Unrealized Appreciation or (Depreciation) | |
Equity contracts | | Net realized gain (loss) on investment transactions; Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of investments | | $ | (1,941,338 | ) | | $ | – 0 | – |
| | | |
Equity contracts | | Net realized gain (loss) on options written; Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of options written | | | 675,542 | | | | – 0 | – |
| | | |
Credit contracts | | Net realized gain (loss) on swaps; Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of swaps | | | (43,299 | ) | | | – 0 | – |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | $ | (1,309,095 | ) | | $ | – 0 | – |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The following table represents the average monthly volume of the Fund’s derivative transactions during the year ended March 31, 2015:
| | | | |
Purchased Options: | | | | |
Average monthly cost | | $ | 1,857,095 | (a) |
Centrally Cleared Credit Default Swaps: | | | | |
Average notional amount of buy contracts | | $ | 83,507,600 | (b) |
(a) | | Positions were open for six months during the year. |
(b) | | Positions were open for five months during the year. |
3. Currency Transactions
The Fund may invest in non-U.S. Dollar securities on a currency hedged or unhedged basis through its investments in an Underlying Portfolio. The Fund or an Underlying Portfolio may seek investment opportunities by taking long or short positions in currencies through the use of currency-related derivatives, including forward currency exchange contracts, futures and options on futures, swaps, and other options. The Fund or an Underlying Portfolio may enter into transactions for investment opportunities when it anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund or the Underlying Portfolio and do not present attractive investment opportunities. Such transactions may also be used when the Investment Manager or the manager of an Underlying Portfolio believes that
| | |
26 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Notes to Financial Statements
it may be more efficient than a direct investment in a foreign currency-denominated security. A Fund or an Underlying Portfolio may also conduct currency exchange contracts on a spot basis (i.e., for cash at the spot rate prevailing in the currency exchange market for buying or selling currencies).
NOTE D
Shares of Beneficial Interest
During the years ended March 31, 2015 and March 31, 2014 the Fund issued 1,096,680 and 1,172,608 shares, respectively, in connection with the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan.
Subscriptions and Repurchases
Generally, initial and additional subscriptions for shares may be accepted as of the first day of each month. The Fund reserves the right to reject any subscription for shares. The Fund intends to repurchase shares from shareholders in accordance with written tenders by shareholders at those times, in those amounts, and on such terms and conditions as the Board of Trustees may determine in its sole discretion. When a repurchase offer occurs, a shareholder will generally be required to provide notice of their tender of shares for repurchase to the Fund more than three months in advance of the date that the shares will be valued for repurchase (the “Valuation Date”). Valuation Dates are generally expected to be the last business days of March, June, September or December, and payment for tendered shares will generally be made by the Fund approximately 45 days following the Valuation Date.
Transactions in shares of beneficial interest were as follows for the years ended March 31, 2015 and March 31, 2014:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Shares | | | | | Amount | | | |
| | Year Ended March 31, 2015 | | | Year Ended March 31, 2014 | | | | | Year Ended March 31, 2015 | | | Year Ended March 31, 2014 | | | |
| | | | | | |
Class A | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares sold | | | 35,625,154 | | | | 57,803,640 | | | | | $ | 407,375,912 | | | $ | 638,396,570 | | | |
| | | |
Shares issued in reinvestment of dividends | | | 1,096,680 | | | | 1,172,608 | | | | | | 12,502,147 | | | | 13,297,371 | | | |
| | | |
Shares redeemed | | | (4,423,327 | ) | | | (1,912,127 | ) | | | | | (51,157,303 | ) | | | (21,489,385 | ) | | |
| | | |
Net increase | | | 32,298,507 | | | | 57,064,121 | | | | | $ | 368,720,756 | | | $ | 630,204,556 | | | |
| | | |
NOTE E
Risks Involved in Investing in the Fund
Limitations on the Fund’s ability to withdraw its assets from Underlying Portfolios may limit the Fund’s ability to repurchase its shares. For example, many Underlying Portfolios impose lock-up periods prior to allowing withdrawals, which can be two years or longer. After expiration of the lock-up period,
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 27 | |
Notes to Financial Statements
withdrawals typically are permitted only on a limited basis, such as monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually. Many Underlying Portfolios may also indefinitely suspend redemptions or establish restrictions on the ability to fully receive proceeds from redemptions through the application of a redemption restriction or “gate”. In instances where the primary source of funds to repurchase shares will be withdrawals from Underlying Portfolios, the application of these lock-ups and withdrawal limitations may significantly limit the Fund’s ability to repurchase its shares. Although the Investment Manager will seek to select Underlying Portfolios that offer the opportunity to have their shares or units redeemed within a reasonable timeframe, there can be no assurance that the liquidity of the investments of such Underlying Portfolios will always be sufficient to meet redemption requests as, and when, made.
The Fund invests primarily in Underlying Portfolios that are not registered under the 1940 Act and invest in and actively trade securities and other financial instruments using different strategies and investment techniques that may involve significant risks. Such risks include those related to the volatility of the equity, credit, and currency markets, the use of leverage associated with certain investment strategies, derivative contracts and in connection with short positions, the potential illiquidity of certain instruments and counterparty and broker arrangements.
Some of the Underlying Portfolios in which the Fund invests may invest all or a portion of their assets in securities that are illiquid or are subject to an anticipated event. These Underlying Portfolios may create “side pockets” in which to hold these securities. Side pockets are series or classes of shares which are not redeemable by the investors but which are automatically redeemed or converted back into the Underlying Portfolio’s regular series or classes of shares upon the realization of those securities or the happening of some other liquidity event with respect to those securities.
These “side pockets” can often be held for long periods before they are realized, and may therefore be much less liquid than the general liquidity offered on the Underlying Portfolio’s regular series or classes of shares. Should the Fund seek to liquidate its investment in an Underlying Portfolio that maintains investments in a side pocket arrangement or that holds a substantial portion of its assets in illiquid securities, the Fund might not be able to fully liquidate its investments without delay, which could be considerable. In such cases, during the period until the Fund is permitted to fully liquidate the investment in the Underlying Portfolio, the value of the investment could fluctuate.
The Underlying Portfolios may utilize leverage in pursuit of achieving a potentially greater investment return. The use of leverage exposes an Underlying Portfolio to additional risk including (i) greater losses from investments than would otherwise have been the case had the Underlying Portfolio not used leverage to make the investments; (ii) margin calls or interim margin requirements may force premature liquidations of investment positions; and (iii) losses on investments
| | |
28 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Notes to Financial Statements
where the investment fails to earn a return that equals or exceeds the Underlying Portfolio’s cost of leverage related to such investment. In the event of a sudden, precipitous drop in the value of an Underlying Portfolio’s assets, the Underlying Portfolio might not be able to liquidate assets quickly enough to repay its borrowings, further magnifying the losses incurred by the Underlying Portfolio.
The Underlying Portfolios may invest in securities of foreign companies that involve special risks and considerations not typically associated with investments in the United States, due to concentrated investments in a limited number of countries or regions, which may vary throughout the year depending on the Underlying Portfolio. Such concentrations may subject the Underlying Portfolios to additional risks resulting from political or economic conditions in such countries or regions, and the possible imposition of adverse governmental laws or currency exchange restrictions could cause the securities and their markets to be less liquid and their prices to be more volatile than those of comparable U.S. securities.
The Underlying Portfolios may invest a higher percentage of their assets in specific sectors of the market in order to achieve a potentially greater investment return. As a result, the Underlying Portfolios may be more susceptible to economic, political and regulatory developments in a particular sector of the market, positive or negative, and may experience increased volatility of the Underlying Portfolio’s net asset value.
The Fund invests in a limited number of Underlying Portfolios. Such concentration may result in additional risk. Various risks are also associated with an investment in the Fund, including risks relating to compensation arrangements and risks relating to limited liquidity of the Interests.
The Fund may enter into options, futures, forwards, swaps and other derivative instruments. Derivative instruments may be subject to various types of risks, including market risk, liquidity risk, the risk of non-performance by the counterparty, including risks relating to the financial soundness and creditworthiness of the counterparty, legal risk and operations risk. The prices of derivative instruments can be highly volatile. Depending on the nature of the derivative, price movements may be influenced by interest rates, changing supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments, and national and international political and economic events and policies.
The Fund is subject to credit risk arising from its transactions with its custodian, State Street Bank and Trust, related to holding the Fund’s cash. This credit risk arises to the extent that the custodian may be unable to fulfill its obligation to return the Fund’s cash held in its custody.
In the ordinary course of business, the Fund enters into contracts that contain a variety of indemnifications. The Fund’s maximum exposure under these
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 29 | |
Notes to Financial Statements
arrangements is unknown. However, the Fund has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these indemnification provisions and expects the risk of loss thereunder to be remote. Therefore, the Fund has not accrued any liability in connection with these indemnification provisions.
NOTE F
Tax Information
The tax character of distributions paid during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2015 and March 31, 2014 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Distributions paid from: | | | | | | | | |
Ordinary income | | $ | 3,167,920 | | | $ | 12,368,064 | |
Long-term capital gains | | | 11,199,513 | | | | 2,314,956 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total taxable distributions paid | | $ | 14,367,433 | | | $ | 14,683,020 | |
| | | | | | | | |
As of March 31, 2015, the components of accumulated earnings/(deficit) on a tax basis were as follows:
| | | | |
Undistributed capital gains | | $ | 15,169,796 | |
Accumulated capital and other losses | | | (2,082,468 | )(a) |
Unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) | | | 69,514,514 | (b) |
| | | | |
Total accumulated earnings/(deficit) | | $ | 82,601,842 | |
| | | | |
(a) | | At March 31, 2015, the Fund had a qualified late-year ordinary loss deferral of $2,082,468 which is deemed to arise on April 1, 2015. |
(b) | | The differences between book-basis and tax-basis unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) are attributable primarily to the tax treatment of passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) and partnerships. |
For tax purposes, net capital losses may be carried over to offset future capital gains, if any. Funds are permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 for an indefinite period and such losses will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses rather than being considered short-term as under previous regulation. As of March 31, 2015, the Fund did not have any capital loss carryforwards.
During the current fiscal year, permanent differences primarily due to the tax treatment of passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) and swaps, and the redesignation of dividends resulted in a net decrease in distributions in excess of net investment income and a net increase in accumulated net realized loss on investment transactions. These reclassifications had no effect on net assets.
| | |
30 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Notes to Financial Statements
NOTE G
Credit Facility
The Fund is a party to a $75 million revolving credit facility (the “Facility”) intended to provide short term financing, if necessary, subject to certain restrictions in connection with, among other matters, abnormal redemption activity. Commitment fees related to the Facility are paid by the Fund and are included in miscellaneous expenses in the statement of operations. For the year ended March 31, 2015, the Fund had borrowings under the Agreement as follows:
| | | | |
Average Daily Loan Balance* | | Maximum Daily Loan Outstanding | | Weighted Average Interest Rate |
$8,941,667 | | $22,300,000 | | 1.63% |
* | | For 12 days borrowings were outstanding. |
NOTE H
Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated subsequent events for possible recognition or disclosure in the financial statements through the date the financial statements are issued. Management has determined that there are no material events that would require disclosure in the Fund’s financial statements through this date.
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 31 | |
Notes to Financial Statements
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Selected Data For A Share Of Beneficial Interest Outstanding Throughout Each Period
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended March 31, | | | October 1, 2012(a) to March 31, 2013 | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | |
| | | | |
Net asset value, beginning of period | | | $ 11.41 | | | | $ 10.75 | | | | $ 10.00 | |
| | | | |
Income From Investment Operations | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment loss(b)(c) | | | (.20 | ) | | | (.20 | ) | | | (.09 | ) |
Net realized and unrealized gain on investment transactions | | | .56 | | | | 1.06 | | | | .87 | |
| | | | |
Net increase in net asset value from operations | | | .36 | | | | .86 | | | | .78 | |
| | | | |
Less: Dividends and Distributions | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends from net investment income | | | (.02 | ) | | | (.17 | ) | | | (.03 | ) |
Distributions from net realized gain on investment transactions | | | (.11 | ) | | | (.03 | ) | | | – 0 | – |
| | | | |
Total dividends and distributions | | | (.13 | ) | | | (.20 | ) | | | (.03 | ) |
| | | | |
Net asset value, end of period | | | $ 11.64 | | | | $ 11.41 | | | | $ 10.75 | |
| | | | |
Total Return | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investment return based on net asset value(d) | | | 3.16 | % | | | 8.04 | % | | | 7.81 | % |
Ratios/Supplemental Data | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net assets, end of period (000’s omitted) | | | $1,376,552 | | | | $980,537 | | | | $310,519 | |
Ratio to average net assets of: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Expenses, net of waivers/reimbursements(c)(e)(g) | | | 1.75 | % | | | 1.75 | % | | | 1.75 | %(f) |
Expenses, before waivers/reimbursements(e)(g) | | | 1.75 | % | | | 1.79 | % | | | 2.38 | %(f) |
Net investment loss(c)(e) | | | (1.75 | )% | | | (1.75 | )% | | | (1.75 | )%(f) |
Portfolio turnover rate | | | 8 | % | | | 0 | %(h) | | | 0 | % |
Asset coverage ratio | | | 33,674 | % | | | N/A | % | | | N/A | % |
Bank borrowing outstanding (in millions) | | | $4 | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
(a) | | Commencement of operations. |
(b) | | Based on average shares outstanding. |
(c) | | Net of fees and expenses waived/reimbursed by the Investment Manager. |
(d) | | Total investment return is calculated assuming a purchase of beneficial shares on the opening of the first day and a sale on the closing of the last day of each period reported. Dividends and distributions, if any, are assumed for purposes of this calculation, to be reinvested at prices obtained under the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. Total investment return calculated for a period of less than one year is not annualized. |
(e) | | The expense and net investment loss ratios do not include income earned or expenses incurred by the Fund through its Underlying Portfolios. |
(f) | | Annualized, except for certain non-recurring fees. |
(g) | | The expense ratios presented below exclude interest expense: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended March 31, | | | October 1, 2012(a) to March 31, 2013 | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
| | | | |
Expenses | | | 1.75 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
(h) | | Amount is less than .50%. |
See notes to financial statements.
| | |
32 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Financial Highlights
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of
AB Multi-Manager Alternative Fund
In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio of investments, and the related statements of operations, of changes in net assets and of cash flows and the financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of AB Multi-Manager Alternative Fund (the “Fund”) at March 31, 2015, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended and the financial highlights for each of the periods presented, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements and financial highlights (hereafter referred to as “financial statements”) are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included confirmation of securities and underlying portfolio funds at March 31, 2015 by correspondence with the custodian and underlying portfolio funds, provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
May 29, 2015
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 33 | |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
2015 FEDERAL TAX INFORMATION
(Unaudited)
For Federal income tax purposes, the following information is furnished with respect to the earnings of the Fund for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015. For such taxable year, the Fund designates $11,199,513 or the maximum amount required as capital gain dividends.
Shareholders should not use the above information to prepare their income tax returns. The information necessary to complete your income tax returns will be included with your Form 1099-DIV which will be sent to you separately in January 2016.
| | |
34 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Carter “Terry” F. Wolfe(1) Chairman
Christopher J. Bricker President and Chief Executive Officer
Lawrence D. Haber(1)
Jeanette Loeb(1)
OFFICERS
Philip L. Kirstein Senior Vice President and Independent Compliance Officer
Marc H. Gamsin(2) Vice President
Greg Outcalt(2) Vice President
Michael H. Conn Vice President
Emilie D. Wrapp Secretary
Joseph J. Mantineo Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
Stephen M. Woetzel Controller
Vincent S. Noto Chief Compliance Officer
| | |
Custodian | | Legal Counsel |
State Street Bank and Trust Company State Street Corporation CCB/5 1 Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 | | Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP 787 Seventh Avenue New York, NY 10019 |
Distributor | | Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10105 | | PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 300 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10017 |
Transfer Agent | | |
AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. P.O. Box 786003 San Antonio, TX 78278-6003 Toll-Free (800) 221-5672 | | |
(1) | | Member of the Audit Committee and the Governance and Nominating Committee. |
(2) | | The day-to-day management of, and investment decisions for, the Fund’s portfolio are made by the Investment Manager’s Alternative Investment Management Group. Messrs. Gamsin and Outcalt are the investment professionals with the most significant responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. |
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 35 | |
Board of Trustees
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Board of Trustees Information
The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Board of Trustees. Certain information concerning the Fund’s Trustees is set forth below.
| | | | | | | | |
NAME, ADDRESS,* AGE, (YEAR ELECTED**) | | PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST FIVE YEARS | | PORTFOLIOS OVERSEEN BY TRUSTEE | | | OTHER PUBLIC COMPANY TRUSTEESHIPS/ DIRECTORSHIPS HELD BY TRUSTEE DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS |
INTERESTED TRUSTEE | | | | | | |
Christopher J. Bricker, *** 46 (2012) | | Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager since prior to 2010; Senior Managing Director and Head of Product Development since December 2009. | | | 1 | | | None |
| | | | | | | | |
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES | | | | | | |
Lawrence D. Haber, # 63 (2012) | | Formerly, Chief Operating Officer and Member of the Management Committee at Credit Suisse Asset Management from 2004 to 2008. | | | 1 | | | None |
| | | | | | | | |
Jeanette Loeb, # 62 (2012) | | Formerly, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of PetCareRx (e-commerce pet pharmacy) from 2002 to 2011. | | | 1 | | | Apollo Investment Corp. since August 2011 |
| | | | | | | | |
Carter “Terry” F. Wolfe, # 76 (2012) | | Formerly, Managing Director of Paloma Partners (hedge fund) from 2000 to 2011. He served as Vice President and Chief Investment Officer of Howard Hughes Medical Institute from 1994 to 1999. | | | 1 | | | None |
* | | The address for each of the Fund’s Trustees is c/o AllianceBernstein L.P., Attention: Emilie D. Wrapp, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105. |
** | | There is no stated term of office for the Fund’s Trustees. Each Trustee serves until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until his or her death, resignation, or removal as provided in the Declaration of Trust, Bylaws or by statute. |
*** | | Mr. Bricker is an “interested person”, as defined in the Investment Company Act, due to his position as a Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager. |
# | | Member of the Audit Committee. |
| | |
36 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Management of the Fund
Officer Information
Certain information concerning the Fund’s Officers is listed below.
| | | | |
NAME, ADDRESS,* AND AGE | | POSITION(S)
HELD WITH FUND | | PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS |
Christopher J. Bricker, 46 | | President and Chief Executive Officer | | See biography above. |
| | | | |
Philip L. Kirstein, 70 | | Senior Vice President and Independent Compliance Officer | | Senior Vice President and Independent Compliance Officer of the AB Advised Funds, with which he has been associated since prior to 2010. |
| | | | |
Marc H. Gamsin, 59 | | Vice President | | Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager** and Head and Co-Chief Investment Officer of its Alternative Investment Management Group with which he has been associated since October 2010. Prior thereto, he was the President of SunAmerica Alternative Investments beginning prior to 2010. |
| | | | |
Greg Outcalt, 53 | | Vice President | | Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager ** and Co-Chief Investment Officer of its Alternative Investment Management Group, with which he has been associated since October 2010. Prior thereto, he was Executive Vice President of SunAmerica Alternative Investments beginning prior to 2010. |
| | | | |
Michael H. Conn, 36*** | | Vice President | | Vice President of the Investment Manager** and Managing Director of Strategy, Operations and Development of its Alternative Investment Management Group, with which he has been associated since December 2013. Prior thereto, he was associated with The TCW Group, Inc., as Managing Director and Head of Corporate Strategy and Development since prior to 2010. |
| | | | |
Emilie D. Wrapp, 59 | | Secretary | | Senior Vice President, Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary of AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (“ABI”),** with which she has been associated since prior to 2010. |
| | | | |
Joseph J. Mantineo, 56 | | Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer | | Senior Vice President of AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. (“ABIS”),** with which he has been associated since prior to 2010. |
| | | | |
Stephen M. Woetzel, 43 | | Controller | | Vice President of ABIS,** with which he has been associated since prior to 2010. |
| | | | |
Vincent S. Noto, 50 | | Chief Compliance Officer | | Senior Vice President and Mutual Fund Chief Compliance Officer of the Investment Manager** since 2014. Prior thereto, he was Vice President and Director of Mutual Fund Compliance of the Investment Manager** since 2010. |
* | | The address for each of the Fund’s Officers is 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105. |
** | | The Investment Manager, ABI and ABIS are affiliates of the Fund. |
*** | | Became Vice President on April 29, 2014. |
| | The Fund’s prospectus has additional information about the Fund’s Trustees and Officers. A copy of the Fund’s prospectus may be obtained (without charge) by visiting our website at www.bernstein.com and clicking on “Investments”, then “Stocks” or “Bonds”, then “Prospectuses, SAIs and Shareholder Reports” or by calling your Financial Advisor or by calling Bernstein’s mutual fund shareholder helpline at 212.756.4097. |
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 37 | |
Management of the Fund
CONSIDERATION OF ADVISORY AGREEMENT
At a meeting held on October 14, 2014, the Trustees of the Fund met in person to consider the continuation of the advisory contract between AllianceBernstein L.P. (the “Investment Manager”) and the Fund (the “Advisory Agreement”). In advance of this meeting, the Trustees held a meeting on September 30, 2014 to discuss certain of the materials provided for their consideration of the renewal of the Advisory Agreement. In connection with their deliberations, the Trustees reviewed certain written materials, memoranda, presentations and analyses relating to the Fund (the “Board Materials”), including materials from counsel to the independent Trustees and the Investment Manager which: (i) included information concerning the Investment Manager’s organization, the services rendered to the Fund by the Investment Manager and the Investment Manager’s affiliates, the fees paid by the Fund to the Investment Manager and its affiliates and the estimated profitability of the Investment Manager with respect to its relationship with the Fund; and (ii) outlined the legal duties of the Board under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). The Board Materials also contained information from Strategic Insight (“Strategic Insight”), an information service provider unaffiliated with the Investment Manager, comparing the Fund’s fee rate for advisory services to those of other closed-end funds selected by Strategic Insight. In addition, the Board met with representatives of the Investment Manager on October 13th to conduct a diligence session on the Investment Manager’s operations.
The Trustees discussed with Fund counsel the legal standards regarding the approval of advisory agreements under the 1940 Act and reviewed the information included in the Board Materials relevant to their approval of the Advisory Agreement. The Trustees also held discussions in executive session, outside the presence of Fund management. After discussing a range of issues, the Trustees considered, among other relevant matters, the following factors:
(a) The nature, extent and quality of services provided by the Investment Manager. The Trustees discussed with representatives of the Investment Manager the services that the Investment Manager provides to the Fund under the Advisory Agreement. The Trustees discussed the resources available to the Investment Manager, including its research and compliance capabilities. The Trustees noted the size and experience of the Investment Manager’s staff, and the experience of its key personnel in providing investment management services. The Manager’s investment diligence and risk management capabilities were also considered. In reviewing the investment advisory services provided to the Fund, the Trustees took into account that the Trustees regularly receive reports from the Investment Manager regarding the Fund’s performance and the Manager’s compliance history and compliance program. The Trustees also noted the discussions they had with officers of the Investment Manager regarding the management of the Fund’s investments and the investment strategies to which the Fund has exposure. During these discussions with Fund officers and representatives of the Investment Manager, the Trustees asked detailed questions of, and received answers from, these representatives regarding the continued implementation of the Fund’s investment strategy, its efficacy and potential risks.
| | |
38 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Consideration of Advisory Agreement
In addition to the investment advisory services provided to the Fund, the Trustees considered that the Investment Manager and its affiliates also provide certain administrative services necessary for the operations of the Fund on an “at cost” basis pursuant to a separate Administrative Reimbursement Agreement. The Trustees noted that the Investment Manager has an administrative, legal and compliance staff to ensure a high level of quality in the compliance and other services provided to the Fund, including its oversight of the Fund’s day-to-day operations. Based on the presentations made during their meetings and their knowledge of management and Fund operations gained during their tenure as trustees of the Fund, the Trustees concluded that the services provided to the Fund by the Investment Manager under the Advisory Agreement were of a high quality and benefited the Fund.
(b) Investment performance of the Fund and the Investment Manager. The Trustees reviewed performance information for the Fund, noting that they receive performance reports at regular board meetings and monitor Fund performance throughout the year. The Trustees discussed the Fund’s performance with representatives of the Investment Manager, including the Fund’s performance as compared to relevant benchmarks. The Trustees noted that the Fund underperformed a representative fund of hedge funds composite benchmark for the year-to-date period ended August 31, 2014. The Trustees also reviewed the performance information provided in the Strategic Insight report, noting that the Fund’s performance was slightly above the median of the performance of the comparable funds selected by Strategic Insight. The Trustees reviewed the peer group of comparable funds with the Fund’s independent compliance officer (“ICO”) and discussed the ICO’s role in Strategic Insight’s determination of the peer group. The Trustees reviewed the performance of the Investment Manager’s comparable institutional accounts with representatives of the Investment Manager, and discussed with representatives of the Investment Manager the difference between the performance of the Fund and the comparable institutional accounts, including the differences in the Fund’s portfolio and other factors that explained the differences in performance. The Trustees concluded that the Fund was performing in line with expectations in light of the strategies used by the Fund and current market conditions. The Trustees also considered the experience, resources and strengths of the Investment Manager and its affiliates in managing funds of funds. The Trustees considered the experience and expertise of the portfolio managers responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. Based on these factors, the Trustees determined that the Investment Manager continues to be an appropriate investment manager for the Fund.
(c) Cost of the services provided and profits realized by the Investment Manager from the relationship with the Fund. The Trustees considered the profitability of the Investment Manager. The Trustees noted that the Board discussed the Investment Manager’s interim profitability report at a meeting held on September 30, 2014, at which time the profitability of the Investment Manager was discussed in detail with representatives of the Investment Manager and an independent consultant retained by the ICO. The Trustees noted that an affiliate of the Investment Manager provided distribution services to the Fund
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 39 | |
Consideration of Advisory Agreement
at no cost. The Trustees considered the expense waiver put in place by the Investment Manager and the waiver’s effect on the fees received by the Investment Manager during the previous two year period. The amounts recently reimbursed to the Investment Manager by the Fund were also noted. The Trustees also considered the services and costs associated with the Fund’s Administrative Reimbursement Agreement with the Investment Manager. The Trustees noted that they expected to receive an update regarding the Manager’s profitability prior to the time the Advisory Agreement would be again submitted for renewal and to consider this issue again no later than the time it next considered the renewal of the Advisory Agreement.
(d) Economies of scale and whether fee levels reflect these economies of scale. The Trustees discussed whether any economies of scale have been realized for Fund. The Trustees noted that the Fund recently reached an asset level that exceed the Investment Manager’s fee waiver thresholds and that allowed for reimbursement of certain expenses under the Fund’s Administrative Reimbursement Agreement with the Investment Manager. The Trustees considered that none of the peer funds included in the Strategic Insight report had advisory fee breakpoints. The Board agreed to consider this issue again no later than the time it next considered the renewal of the Advisory Agreement.
(e) Comparison of services rendered and fees paid to those under other investment advisory contracts, such as contracts of the same and other investment advisers or other clients. The Trustees were provided information comparing both the services rendered and the fees paid under the Advisory Agreement to other contracts of the Investment Manager with respect to private investment vehicles managed in a similar manner to the Fund and to contracts of other investment advisers with respect to other closed-end registered investment companies with similar investment programs as the Fund. The Trustees noted that the mix of services under the Advisory Agreement are more extensive than those under the advisory agreements for the Investment Manager’s non-fund clients. The Trustees noted the Investment Manager’s representation that providing advisory services to a registered investment company entailed different, and potentially greater, business and regulatory risks than those associated with providing services to the Investment Manager’s non-fund clients. The Trustees also discussed the Investment Manager’s inclusion of advisory fee breakpoints for certain of its institutional accounts and noted that unlike those accounts, no performance fee is charged to the Fund. The Trustees discussed the management of the comparable institutional accounts, including the allocation of opportunities available to those funds.
The Trustees reviewed with representatives of the Investment Manager the information included in the Strategic Insight report, noting that the Fund’s advisory fee was above the median but that the Fund’s operating expenses (not including advisory fees) and total expenses were below the median of the
| | |
40 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
Consideration of Advisory Agreement
comparable funds in the Strategic Insight peer group. The Trustees reviewed the list of funds provided by Strategic Insight. They discussed whether certain funds should be viewed as comparable to the Fund. The Trustees noted the difficulty in obtaining comparable peer funds, particularly finding funds of comparable size and strategy. The Trustees discussed the Strategic Insight report with the Investment Manager, including the comparison of advisory fees and expense ratios.
Conclusion. No single factor was determinative to the decision of the Trustees. Based on the foregoing and such other matters as were deemed relevant, all of the Trustees concluded that the advisory fee rate was reasonable in relation to the services provided by the Investment Manager to the Fund, as well as the costs incurred and benefits gained by the Investment Manager and its affiliates in providing such services. Based on these factors, the Trustees decided to approve the Advisory Agreement.
The Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund or the Investment Manager were represented by their independent counsel during their deliberations.
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 41 | |
Consideration of Advisory Agreement
THIS PAGE IS NOT PART OF THE SHAREHOLDER REPORT OR THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AB FAMILY OF FUNDS
US EQUITY
US Core
Core Opportunities Fund
Select US Equity Portfolio
US Growth
Concentrated Growth Fund
Discovery Growth Fund
Growth Fund
Large Cap Growth Fund
Small Cap Growth Portfolio
US Value
Discovery Value Fund
Equity Income Fund
Growth & Income Fund
Small Cap Value Portfolio
Value Fund
INTERNATIONAL/ GLOBAL EQUITY
International/Global Core
Global Core Equity Portfolio
Global Equity & Covered Call Strategy Fund
Global Thematic Growth Fund
International Portfolio
Tax-Managed International Portfolio
International/Global Growth
International Growth Fund
International/Global Value
International Value Fund
FIXED INCOME
Municipal
High Income Municipal Portfolio
Intermediate California Portfolio
Intermediate Diversified Portfolio
Intermediate New York Portfolio
Municipal Bond Inflation Strategy
Tax-Aware Fixed Income Portfolio
National Portfolio
Arizona Portfolio
California Portfolio
FIXED INCOME (continued)
Massachusetts Portfolio
Michigan Portfolio
Minnesota Portfolio
New Jersey Portfolio
New York Portfolio
Ohio Portfolio
Pennsylvania Portfolio
Virginia Portfolio
Taxable
Bond Inflation Strategy
Global Bond Fund
High Income Fund
High Yield Portfolio
Intermediate Bond Portfolio
Limited Duration High Income Portfolio
Short Duration Portfolio
ALTERNATIVES
All Market Real Return Portfolio*
Credit Long/Short Portfolio
Global Real Estate Investment Fund
Long/Short Multi-Manager Fund
Market Neutral Strategy-U.S.
Multi-Manager Alternative Strategies Fund
Select US Long/Short Portfolio
Unconstrained Bond Fund
MULTI-ASSET
All Market Growth Portfolio*
Emerging Markets Multi-Asset Portfolio
Global Risk Allocation Fund
Target-Date
Multi-Manager Select Retirement Allocation Fund
Multi-Manager Select 2010 Fund
Multi-Manager Select 2015 Fund
Multi-Manager Select 2020 Fund
Multi-Manager Select 2025 Fund
MULTI-ASSET (continued)
Multi-Manager Select 2030 Fund
Multi-Manager Select 2035 Fund
Multi-Manager Select 2040 Fund
Multi-Manager Select 2045 Fund
Multi-Manager Select 2050 Fund
Multi-Manager Select 2055 Fund
2000 Retirement Strategy
2005 Retirement Strategy
2010 Retirement Strategy
2015 Retirement Strategy
2020 Retirement Strategy
2025 Retirement Strategy
2030 Retirement Strategy
2035 Retirement Strategy
2040 Retirement Strategy
2045 Retirement Strategy
2050 Retirement Strategy
2055 Retirement Strategy
Wealth Strategies
Balanced Wealth Strategy
Conservative Wealth Strategy
Wealth Appreciation Strategy
Tax-Managed Balanced Wealth Strategy
Tax-Managed Conservative Wealth Strategy
Tax-Managed Wealth Appreciation Strategy
CLOSED-END FUNDS
AB Multi-Manager Alternative Fund
Alliance California Municipal Income Fund
Alliance New York Municipal Income Fund
AllianceBernstein Global High Income Fund
AllianceBernstein Income Fund
AllianceBernstein National Municipal Income Fund
We also offer Exchange Reserves, which serves as the money market fund exchange vehicle for the AB mutual funds. An investment in Exchange Reserves is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although the Fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Fund.
Investors should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. For copies of our prospectus or summary prospectus, which contain this and other information, visit us online at www.abglobal.com or contact your AB representative. Please read the prospectus and/or summary prospectus carefully before investing.
* Prior to December 15, 2014, All Market Growth Portfolio was named Dynamic All Market Fund; All Market Real Return Portfolio was named Real Asset Strategy.
| | |
42 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
AB Family of Funds
NOTES
| | | | |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND • | | | 43 | |
NOTES
| | |
44 | | • AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND |
AB MULTI-MANAGER ALTERNATIVE FUND
1345 Avenue of the Americas,
New York, NY 10105
800.221.5672
MMAF–0151-0315
ITEM 2. CODE OF ETHICS.
(a) The registrant has adopted a code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. A copy of the registrant’s code of ethics is filed herewith as Exhibit 12(a)(1).
(b) During the period covered by this report, no material amendments were made to the provisions of the code of ethics adopted in
2(a) above.
(c) During the period covered by this report, no implicit or explicit waivers to the provisions of the code of ethics adopted in 2(a) above were granted.
ITEM 3. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.
The registrant’s Board of Directors has determined that independent director Lawrence D. Haber qualifies as an audit committee financial expert.
ITEM 4. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.
(a) - (c) The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed by the independent registered public accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, for the Fund’s current fiscal year for professional services rendered for: (i) the audit of the Fund’s annual financial statements included in the Fund’s annual report to stockholders; (ii) assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit of the Fund’s financial statements and are not reported under (i), which include advice and education related to accounting and auditing issues and quarterly press release review (for those Funds that issue quarterly press releases), and preferred stock maintenance testing (for those Funds that issue preferred stock); and (iii) tax compliance, tax advice and tax return preparation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Audit Fees | | | Audit-Related Fees | | | Tax Fees | |
| | | | |
AB Multi-Manager Alternative | | | 2014 | | | $ | 52,500 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 25,000 | |
| | | 2015 | | | $ | 57,500 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 35,800 | |
(d) Not applicable.
(e) (1) Beginning with audit and non-audit service contracts entered into on or after May 6, 2003, the Fund’s Audit Committee policies and procedures require the pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services provided to the Fund by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Fund’s Audit Committee policies and procedures also require pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services provided to the Adviser and Service Affiliates to the extent that these services are directly related to the operations or financial reporting of the Fund.
(e) (2) All of the amounts for Audit Fees, Audit-Related Fees and Tax Fees in the table under Item 4 (a) – (c) are for services pre-approved by the Fund’s Audit Committee.
(f) Not applicable.
(g) The following table sets forth the aggregate non-audit services provided to the Fund, the Fund’s Adviser and entities that control, are controlled by or under common control with the Adviser that provide ongoing services to the Fund:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | All Fees for Non-Audit Services Provided to the Portfolio, the Adviser and Service Affiliates | | | Total Amount of Foregoing Column Pre- approved by the Audit Committee (Portion Comprised of Audit Related Fees) (Portion Comprised of Tax Fees) | |
| | | |
AB Multi-Manager Alternative | | | 2014 | | | $ | 5,743,054 | | | $ | 25,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | $ | (25,000 | ) |
| | | 2015 | | | $ | 9,076,327 | | | $ | 35,800 | |
| | | | | | | | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | $ | (35,800 | ) |
(h) The Audit Committee of the Fund has considered whether the provision of any non-audit services not pre-approved by the Audit Committee provided by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to the Adviser and Service Affiliates is compatible with maintaining the auditor’s independence.
ITEM 5. AUDIT COMMITTEE OF LISTED REGISTRANTS.
The registrant has a separately-designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The audit committee members are as follows:
Lawrence D. Haber
Jeanette Loeb
Carter Wolfe
ITEM 6. SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS.
Please see Schedule of Investments contained in the Report to Shareholders included under Item 1 of this Form N-CSR.
ITEM 7. DISCLOSURE OF PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
Statement of Policies and Procedures for
Proxy Voting
As an investment adviser, we are shareholder advocates and have a fiduciary duty to make investment decisions that are in our clients’ best interests by maximizing the value of their shares. Proxy voting is an integral part of this process, through which we support strong corporate governance structures, shareholder rights, and transparency.
We have an obligation to vote proxies in a timely manner and we apply the principles in this policy to our proxy decisions. We believe a company’s environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices may have a significant effect on the value of the company, and we take these factors into consideration when voting. For additional information regarding our ESG policies and practices, please refer to our firm’s Statement of Policy Regarding Responsible Investment (“RI Policy”).
This Proxy Voting Policy (“Proxy Voting Policy” or “Policy”), which outlines our policies for proxy voting and includes a wide range of issues that often appear on proxies, applies to all of AllianceBernstein’s investment management subsidiaries and investment services groups investing on behalf of clients globally. It is intended for use by those involved in the proxy voting decision-making process and those responsible for the administration of proxy voting (“Proxy Managers”), in order to ensure that our proxy voting policies and procedures are implemented consistently.
We sometimes manage accounts where proxy voting is directed by clients or newly-acquired subsidiary companies. In these cases, voting decisions may deviate from this Policy.
2. | Research Underpins Decision Making |
As a research-driven firm, we approach our proxy voting responsibilities with the same commitment to rigorous research and engagement that we apply to all of our investment activities. The different investment philosophies utilized by our investment teams may occasionally result in different conclusions being drawn regarding certain proposals and, in turn, may result in the Proxy Manager making different voting decisions on the same proposal. Nevertheless, the Proxy Manager votes proxies with the goal of maximizing the value of the securities in client portfolios.
In addition to our firm-wide proxy voting policies, we have a Proxy Committee, which provides oversight and includes senior investment professionals from Equities, Legal personnel and Operations personnel. It is the responsibility of the Proxy Committee to evaluate and maintain proxy voting procedures and guidelines, to evaluate proposals and issues not covered by these guidelines, to consider changes in policy, and to review the Proxy Voting Policy no less frequently than annually. In addition, the Proxy Committee meets as necessary to address special situations.
Research Services
We subscribe to the corporate governance and proxy research services of Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”). All our investment professionals can access these materials via the Proxy Manager and/or Proxy Committee.
Engagement
In evaluating proxy issues and determining our votes, we welcome and seek out the points of view of various parties. Internally, the Proxy Manager may consult the Proxy Committee, Chief Investment Officers, Directors of Research, and/or Research Analysts across our equities platforms, and Portfolio Managers in whose managed accounts a stock is held. Externally, the Proxy Manager may engage with company management, company directors, interest groups, shareholder activists, other shareholders and research providers.
3. | Proxy Voting Guidelines |
Our proxy voting guidelines are principles-based rather than rules-based. We adhere to a core set of principles that are described in this Proxy Voting Policy. We assess each proxy proposal in light of these principles. Our proxy voting “litmus test” will always be what we view as most likely to maximize long-term shareholder value. We believe that authority and accountability for setting and executing corporate policies, goals and compensation generally should rest with the board of directors and senior management. In return, we support strong investor rights that allow shareholders to hold directors and management accountable if they fail to act in the best interests of shareholders.
With this as a backdrop, our proxy voting guidelines pertaining to specific issues are set forth below. We generally vote proposals in accordance with these guidelines but, consistent with our “principles-based” approach to proxy voting, we may deviate from the guidelines if warranted by the specific facts and circumstances of the situation (i.e., if, under the circumstances, we believe that deviating from our stated policy is necessary to help maximize long-term shareholder value). In addition, these guidelines are not intended to address all issues that may appear on all proxy ballots. Proposals not specifically addressed by these guidelines, whether submitted by management or shareholders, will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, always keeping in mind our fiduciary duty to make voting decisions that, by maximizing long-term shareholder value, are in our clients’ best interests.
4. Board and Director Proposals
| | |
5. Changes in Board Structure and Amending the Articles of Incorporation | | For |
Companies may propose various provisions with respect to the structure of the board of directors, including changing the manner in which board vacancies are filled, directors are nominated and the number of directors. Such proposals may require amending the charter or by-laws or may otherwise require shareholder approval. When these proposals are not controversial or meant as an anti-takeover device, which is generally the case, we vote in their favor. However, if we believe a proposal is intended as an anti-takeover device, we generally vote against.
Other changes in a company’s charter, articles of incorporation or by-laws are usually technical or administrative in nature. Absent a compelling reason to the contrary, we will support such proposals. However, we may oppose proposals that would permit management to establish the size of the board outside a specified range without shareholder approval.
| | |
6. Classified Boards | | Against |
A classified board typically is divided into three separate classes. Each class holds office for a term of two or three years. Only a portion of the board can be elected or replaced each year. Because this type of proposal has fundamental anti-takeover implications, we oppose the adoption of classified boards unless there is a justifiable financial reason or an adequate sunset provision exists. However, where a classified board already exists, we will not oppose directors who sit on such boards for that reason. We will vote against directors that fail to implement shareholder approved proposals to declassify boards.
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7. Director Liability and Indemnification | | Case-by-case |
Some companies argue that increased indemnification and decreased liability for directors are important to ensure the continued availability of competent directors. However, others argue that the risk of such personal liability minimizes the propensity for corruption and recklessness.
We generally support indemnification provisions that are consistent with the local jurisdiction in which the company has been formed. We vote in favor of proposals adopting indemnification for directors with respect to acts conducted in the normal course of business. We also vote in favor of proposals that expand coverage for directors and officers where, despite an unsuccessful legal defense, we believe the director or officer acted in good faith and in the best interests of the company. We oppose indemnification for gross negligence.
| | |
8. Disclose CEO Succession Plan (SHP) | | For |
Proposals like these are often suggested by shareholders of companies with long-tenured CEOs and/or high employee turnover rates. Even though some markets might not require the disclosure of a CEO succession plan, we do think it is good business practice and will support these proposals.
| | |
9. Election of Directors | | For |
We generally vote in favor of the management-proposed slate of directors. However, we may not do so if we determine that there are compelling reasons to oppose directors (see below) or there is a proxy contest for seats on the board.
We believe that directors have a duty to respond to shareholder actions that have received significant shareholder support. We may vote against directors (or withhold votes for directors if plurality voting applies) who fail to act on key issues, such as failure to implement proposals to declassify boards, failure to implement a majority vote requirement, failure to submit a rights plan to a shareholder vote and failure to act on tender offers where a majority of shareholders have tendered their shares (provided we supported, or would have supported, the original proposal). In addition, we oppose directors who fail to attend at least 75% of board meetings within a given year without a reasonable excuse. Also, we may consider the number of boards on which a director sits and/or their length of service on a particular board. Finally, we may abstain or vote against (depending on a company’s history of disclosure in this regard) directors of issuers where there is insufficient information about the nominees disclosed in the proxy statement.
We believe companies should have a majority of independent directors and independent key committees. However, we will consider local market regulation as part of our decision. We will generally regard a director as independent if the director satisfies the criteria for independence (i) espoused by the primary exchange on which the company’s shares are traded, or (ii) set forth in the code we determine to be best practice in the country where the subject company is domiciled. We generally vote against directors who, during the previous fiscal year, failed to act on a majority supported shareholder proposal or engaged in what we believe to be a poor governance practice. We may also consider engaging company management (by phone, in writing and in person), until any issues have been satisfactorily resolved.
We may vote against directors for poor compensation practices. In our view, poor compensation practices include, for example, permitting option re-pricing without prior shareholder approval, providing continuous perquisites to an executive officer and his or her dependents after the officer is no longer employed by the company, adjusting performance-based diminished payouts with supplemental cash payments, eliminating performance goals for executive officers and crediting additional years of service to current executives for the purpose of enhancing the
executive’s pension benefit. However, because we do not believe that permitting executive officers to receive dividends on unearned performance shares is a poor compensation practice, we will not oppose directors who permit this practice.
We consider the election of directors who are “bundled” on a single slate on a case-by-case basis considering the amount of information available and an assessment of the group’s qualifications.
| | | | |
a. | | Controlled Company Exemption | | Case-by-case |
Companies where more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company, need not comply with the requirement to have a majority of independent directors and independent key committees. Conversely, we will vote against directors for failure to adhere to such independence standards where shareholders with a majority voting interest have a minority economic interest.
Exchanges in certain jurisdictions do not have a controlled company exemption (or something similar). In such a jurisdiction, if a company has a majority shareholder or group of related majority shareholders with a majority economic interest, we generally will not oppose that company’s directors simply because the board does not include a majority of independent members. We will, however, consider these directors in a negative light if the company has a history of violating the rights of minority shareholders.
| | | | |
b. | | Voting for Director Nominees in a Contested Election | | Case-by-case |
Votes in a contested election of directors are evaluated on a case-by-case basis with the goal of maximizing shareholder value.
| | |
10. Establish Additional Board Committees (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
We believe that establishing committees should be the prerogative of a well-functioning board of directors. However, we may support shareholder proposals to establish additional board committees to address specific shareholder issues, including ESG issues.
| | |
11. Independent Lead Director (SHP) | | For |
We support shareholder proposals that request a company to amend its by-laws to establish an independent lead director, if the positions of chairman and CEO are not separated. We view the existence of an independent lead director as a good example of the sufficient counter-balancing governance. If a company has an independent lead director in place, we will generally oppose a proposal to separate the positions of chairman and CEO.
| | |
12. Limit Term of Directorship; Establish Mandatory Retirement Age (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
These proposals seek to limit the term during which a director may serve on a board to a set number of years and/or establish an age at which a director is no longer eligible to serve on the board. Proponents believe term limits and forced retirement help ensure that new ideas are introduced to the company. Opponents argue that director turnover decreases board stability.
Taking into consideration local market practice, we generally believe that a director’s qualifications, not length of service, should be the primary factor considered. Accordingly, we generally oppose proposals that seek to either limit the term during which a director may serve on a company’s board or force a director’s retirement at a certain age.
| | |
13. Majority of Independent1 Directors (SHP) | | For |
Each company’s board of directors has a duty to act in the best interest of the company’s shareholders at all times. We believe that these interests are best served by having directors who bring objectivity to the company and are free from potential conflicts of interests. Accordingly, we support proposals seeking a majority of independent directors on the board. While we are aware of the listing requirements of the NYSE and NASDAQ (which require companies to have a majority of independent directors on their board), we will support such proposals regardless of where the company is listed.
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14. Majority of Independent Directors on Key Committees (SHP) | | For |
In order to ensure that those who evaluate management’s performance, recruit directors and set management’s compensation are free from conflicts of interests, we believe that the audit2, nominating/governance, and compensation committees should be composed of a majority of independent directors. While we are aware of the listing requirements of the NYSE and NASDAQ (that generally require fully independent nominating and compensation committees), we will support such proposals regardless of where the company is listed. However, in order to allow companies an opportunity to select qualified candidates for these important board positions, at this time we will not oppose inside directors that sit on these committees.
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15. Majority Votes for Directors (SHP) | | For |
We believe that good corporate governance requires shareholders to have a meaningful voice in the affairs of the company. This objective is strengthened if directors are elected by a majority of votes cast at an annual meeting rather than by the plurality method commonly used. With plurality voting a director could be elected by a single affirmative vote even if the rest of the votes were withheld.
We further believe that majority voting provisions will lead to greater director accountability. Therefore, we support shareholder proposals that companies amend their by-laws to provide that director nominees be elected by an affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast, provided the proposal includes a carve-out to provide for plurality voting in contested elections where the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected.
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16. Prohibit CEOs from Serving on Compensation Committees (SHP) | | Against |
These proposals seek to require a board of directors to adopt a policy prohibiting current and former chief executive officers of other public companies from serving on that company’s compensation committee. Proponents argue that having a current or former CEO serving on a compensation committee presents an inherent conflict of interest because the CEO is likely to support inflated compensation for his or her peers. Opponents argue, and we agree, that permitting CEOs to serve on compensation committees has merit because their experience with compensation matters (including oversight of executive pay) may be invaluable to a board. Accordingly, we generally oppose proposals seeking to prohibit CEOs from serving on compensation committees.
1 | For purposes of this Policy, an independent director is one that meets the requirements of independence pursuant to the listing standards of the exchange on which the common stock is listed. |
2 | Pursuant to the SEC rules, adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as of October 31, 2004, each U.S. listed issuer must have a fully independent audit committee. |
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17. Removal of Directors Without Cause (SHP) | | For |
Company by-laws sometimes define cause very narrowly, including only conditions of criminal indictment, final adverse adjudication that fiduciary duties were breached or incapacitation, while also providing shareholders with the right to remove directors only upon “cause”.
We believe that the circumstances under which shareholders have the right to remove directors should not be limited to those traditionally defined by companies as “cause”. We also believe that shareholders should have the right to conduct a vote to remove directors who fail to perform in a manner consistent with their fiduciary duties or representative of shareholders’ best interests. And, while we would prefer shareholder proposals that seek to broaden the definition of “cause” to include situations like these, we generally support proposals that would provide shareholders with the right to remove directors without cause.
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18. Require Independent Board Chairman (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
We believe there can be benefits to having the positions of chairman and CEO combined as well as split. When the position is combined the company must have sufficient counter-balancing governance in place, generally through a strong lead director. Also, for companies with smaller market capitalizations, separate chairman and CEO positions may not be practical.
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19. Require Two Candidates for Each Board Seat (SHP) | | Against |
We believe that proposals like these are detrimental to a company’s ability to attract highly qualified candidates. Accordingly, we oppose them.
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20. Stock Ownership Requirement (SHP) | | Against |
These proposals require directors to own a minimum amount of company stock in order to qualify as a director, or to remain on the board. We do not believe stock ownership is necessary to align the interests of directors and shareholders. Accordingly, we oppose these proposals.
21. Compensation Proposals
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22. Accelerated Vesting of Equity Compensation Awards-Change of Control (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
We examine proposals to prohibit accelerated vesting of equity awards in the event of a change in control on a case-by-case basis. If a change in control is triggered at or above a 50% ownership level, we generally support accelerated vesting. If, however, a change in control is triggered at less than 50% ownership, we generally oppose accelerated vesting.
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23. Adopt Form of Employment Contract (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
These proposals ask companies to adhere to certain principles when drafting employment contracts for executives. We will review the criteria requested and consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis.
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24. Adopt Policies to Prohibit any Death Benefits to Senior Executives (SHP) | | Against |
We view these bundled proposals as too restrictive and conclude that blanket restrictions on any and all such benefits, including the payment of life insurance premiums for senior executives, could put a company at a competitive disadvantage.
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25. Advisory Vote to Ratify Directors’ Compensation (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
Similar to advisory votes on executive compensation, shareholders may request a non-binding advisory vote to approve compensation given to board members which we evaluate on a case-by-case basis.
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26. Amend Executive Compensation Plan tied to Performance (Bonus Banking) (SHP) | | Against |
These proposals seek to force a company to amend executive compensation plans such that compensation awards tied to performance are deferred for shareholder specified and extended periods of time. As a result, awards may be adjusted downward if performance goals achieved during the vesting period are not sustained during the added deferral period.
We believe that most companies have adequate vesting schedules and clawbacks in place. Under such circumstances, we will oppose these proposals. However, if a company does not have what we believe to be adequate vesting and/or clawback requirements, we decide these proposals on a case-by-case basis.
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27. Approve Remuneration for Directors and Auditors | | Case-by-case |
We will vote on a case-by-case basis where we are asked to approve remuneration for directors or auditors. However, where disclosure relating to the details of such remuneration is inadequate or provided without sufficient time for us to consider our vote, we may abstain or vote against, depending on the adequacy of the company’s prior disclosures in this regard. Where appropriate, we engage the company directly.
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28. Approve Remuneration Reports | | Case-by-case |
In certain markets, (e.g., Australia, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States), publicly traded issuers are required by law to submit their company’s remuneration report to a non-binding shareholder vote. The report contains, among other things, the nature and amount of the compensation of the directors and certain executive officers as well as a discussion of the company’s performance.
We evaluate remuneration reports on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the reasonableness of the company’s compensation structure and the adequacy of the disclosure. Where a compensation plan permits retesting of performance-based awards, we will consider the specific terms of the plan, including the volatility of the industry and the number and duration of the retests. We may abstain or vote against a plan if disclosure of the remuneration details is inadequate or the report is not provided to shareholders with sufficient time prior to the meeting to consider its terms.
In markets where remuneration reports are not required for all companies, we will support shareholder proposals asking the board to adopt a policy (i.e., “say on pay”) that the company’s shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on an advisory resolution to approve the compensation committee’s report. Although say on pay votes are by nature only broad indications of shareholder views, they do lead to more compensation-related dialogue between management and shareholders and help ensure that management and shareholders meet their common objective: maximizing the value of the company.
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29. Approve Retirement Bonuses for Directors (Japan and South Korea) | | Case-by-case |
Retirement bonuses are normal practice in Japan and South Korea. Companies seek approval to give the board authority to grant retirement bonuses for directors and/or auditors and to leave the exact amount of bonuses to the board’s discretion. We will analyze such proposals on a case-by-case basis, considering management’s commitment to maximizing long-term shareholder value.
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30. Approve Special Payments to Continuing Directors and Auditors (Japan) | | Case-by-case |
In conjunction with the abolition of a company’s retirement allowance system, we will generally support special payment allowances for continuing directors and auditors if there is no evidence of their independence becoming impaired.
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31. Disclose Executive and Director Pay (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
In December 2006 and again in February 2010, the SEC adopted rules requiring increased and/or enhanced compensation-related and corporate governance-related disclosure in proxy statements and Forms 10-K. Similar steps have been taken by regulators in foreign jurisdictions. We believe the rules enacted by the SEC and various foreign regulators generally ensure more complete and transparent disclosure. Therefore, while we will consider them on a case-by-case basis (analyzing whether there are any relevant disclosure concerns), we generally vote against shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director compensation, including proposals that seek to specify the measurement of performance-based compensation, if the company is subject to SEC rules or similar rules espoused by a regulator in a foreign jurisdiction. Similarly, we generally support proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director compensation if the company is not subject to any such rules.
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32. Exclude Pension Income from Performance-based Compensation (SHP) | | For |
We are aware that companies may seek to artificially inflate earnings based on questionable assumptions about pension income. Even though these practices are acceptable under the relevant accounting rules, we believe that pension income is not an acceptable way to increase executive pay and that management’s discretion in estimating pension income is a potential conflict of interest. Accordingly, we support such proposals.
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33. Executive and Employee Compensation Plans | | Case-by-case |
Executive and employee compensation plans (“Compensation Plans”) usually are complex and are a major corporate expense, so we evaluate them carefully and on a case-by-case basis. In all cases, however, we assess each proposed Compensation Plan within the framework of four guiding principles, each of which ensures a company’s Compensation Plan helps to align the long-term interests of management with shareholders:
| • | | Valid measures of business performance tied to the firm’s strategy and shareholder value creation, which are clearly articulated and incorporate appropriate time periods, should be utilized; |
| • | | Compensation costs should be managed in the same way as any other expense; |
| • | | Compensation should reflect management’s handling, or failure to handle, any recent social, environmental, governance, ethical or legal issue that had a significant adverse financial or reputational effect on the company; and |
| • | | In granting compensatory awards, management should exhibit a history of integrity and decision-making based on logic and well thought out processes. |
Where disclosure relating to the details of Compensation Plans is inadequate or provided without sufficient time for us to consider our vote, we may abstain or vote against, depending on the adequacy of the company’s prior disclosures in this regard. Where appropriate, we may raise the issue with the company directly or take other steps.
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34. Limit Dividend Payments to Executives (SHP) | | Against |
We believe that management, within reason, should be given latitude in determining the mix and types of awards offered to executive officers. Therefore, we oppose withholding the dividend payment on restricted stock awards, even if the stock is unvested, when these awards are used as part of incentive compensation; we believe these awards serve as an effective means of executive reward and retention. We do, however, believe that it is acceptable for a company to accumulate dividends and tie their payment to the achievement of performance goals and to stipulate that the dividends are forfeited if the employee does not achieve his or her goal.
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35. Limit Executive Pay (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
We believe that management and directors, within reason, should be given latitude in determining the mix and types of awards offered to executive officers. We vote against shareholder proposals seeking to limit executive pay if we deem them too restrictive. Depending on our analysis of the specific circumstances, we are generally against requiring a company to adopt a policy prohibiting tax gross up payments to senior executives.
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36. Mandatory Holding Periods (SHP) | | Against |
We generally vote against shareholder proposals asking companies to require a company’s executives to hold stock for a specified period of time after acquiring that stock by exercising company-issued stock options (i.e., precluding “cashless” option exercises), unless we believe implementing a mandatory holding period is necessary to help resolve underlying problems at a company that have hurt, and may continue to hurt, shareholder value.
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37. Pay Directors Only in Stock (SHP) | | Against |
As noted immediately above, we do not believe that stock ownership is necessary to align the interests of directors and shareholders. Further, we believe that the board should be given latitude in determining the mix and types of compensation offered to its members. Accordingly, we oppose these proposals.
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38. Performance-based Stock Option Plans (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
These shareholder proposals require a company to adopt a policy that all or a portion of future stock options granted to executives be performance-based. Performance-based options usually take the form of indexed options (where the option sale price is linked to the company’s stock performance versus an industry index), premium priced options (where the strike price is significantly above the market price at the time of the grant) or performance vesting options
(where options vest when the company’s stock price exceeds a specific target). Proponents argue that performance-based options provide an incentive for executives to outperform the market as a whole and prevent management from being rewarded for average performance. We believe that management, within reason, should be given latitude in determining the mix and types of awards it offers. However, we recognize the benefit of linking a portion of executive compensation to certain types of performance benchmarks. While we will not support proposals that require all options to be performance-based, we will generally support proposals that require a portion of options granted to senior executives be performance-based. However, because performance-based options can also result in unfavorable tax treatment and the company may already have in place an option plan that sufficiently ties executive stock option plans to the company’s performance, we will consider such proposals on a case-by-case basis.
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39. Prohibit Relocation Benefits to Senior Executives (SHP) | | Against |
We do not consider such perquisites to be problematic pay practices as long as they are properly disclosed. Therefore we will vote against shareholder proposals asking to prohibit relocation benefits.
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40. Recovery of Performance-based Compensation (SHP) | | For |
We generally support shareholder proposals requiring the board to seek recovery of performance-based compensation awards to senior management and directors in the event of a financial restatement (whether for fraud or other reasons) that resulted in their failure to achieve past performance targets. In deciding how to vote, we consider the adequacy of existing company clawback policy, if any.
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41. Single Trigger Change-in-Control Agreements (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
Companies often include single trigger change-in-control provisions (e.g., a provision stipulating that an employee’s unvested equity awards become fully vested upon a change-in-control of the company without any additional requirement) in employment agreements and compensation plans.
We will not oppose directors who establish these provisions, nor will we oppose compensation plans that include them. However, we will examine on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals calling for future employment agreements and compensation plans to include double trigger change-in-control provisions (e.g., a provision stipulating that an employee’s unvested equity awards become fully vested only after a change-in-control of the company and termination of employment).
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42. Submit Golden Parachutes / Severance Plans to a Shareholder Vote (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
Golden Parachutes assure key officers of a company lucrative compensation packages if the company is acquired and/or if the new owners terminate such officers. We recognize that offering generous compensation packages that are triggered by a change in control may help attract qualified officers. However, such compensation packages cannot be so excessive that they are unfair to shareholders or make the company unattractive to potential bidders, thereby serving as a constructive anti-takeover mechanism. Accordingly, we support proposals to submit severance plans (including supplemental retirement plans) that exceed 2.99 times the sum of an executive officer’s base salary plus bonus, and that are triggered by a change in control, to a shareholder vote, but we review proposals to ratify or redeem such plans on a case-by-case basis.
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43. Submit Golden Parachutes / Severance Plans to a Shareholder Vote prior to their being Negotiated by Management (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
We believe that in order to attract qualified employees, companies must be free to negotiate compensation packages without shareholder interference. Shareholders must then be given an opportunity to analyze a compensation plan’s final, material terms in order to ensure it is within acceptable limits. Accordingly, we generally oppose proposals that require submitting severance plans and/or employment contracts for a shareholder vote prior to being negotiated by management.
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44. Submit Option Re-pricing to a Shareholder Vote (SHP) | | For |
Re-pricing underwater options reduces the incentive value of stock compensation plans and dilutes shareholder value. Consequently, we support shareholder proposals that seek to require a company to submit option re-pricing to a shareholder vote.
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45. Submit Survivor Benefit Compensation Plan to Shareholder Vote (SHP) | | For |
Survivor benefit compensation plans, or “golden coffins”, can require a company to make substantial payments or awards to a senior executive’s beneficiaries following the death of the senior executive. The compensation can take the form of unearned salary or bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites and other payments or awards. This compensation would not include compensation that the senior executive chooses to defer during his or her lifetime.
We recognize that offering generous compensation packages that are triggered by the passing of senior executives may help attract qualified officers. However, such compensation packages cannot be so excessive that they are unfair to shareholders or make the company unattractive to potential bidders, thereby serving as a constructive anti-takeover mechanism.
46. Capital Changes and Anti-Takeover Proposals
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47. Amend Exclusive Forum Bylaw (SHP) | | Against |
We will generally oppose proposals that ask the board to repeal the company’s exclusive forum bylaw. Such bylaws require certain legal action against the company to take place in the state of the company’s incorporation. The courts within the state of incorporation are considered best suited to interpret that state’s laws.
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48. Amend Net Operating Loss (“NOL”) Rights Plans | | For |
NOL Rights Plans are established to protect a company’s net operating loss carry forwards and tax credits, which can be used to offset future income. We believe this is a reasonable strategy for a company to employ. Accordingly, we will vote in favor of NOL Rights Plans unless we believe the terms of the NOL Rights Plan may provide for a long-term anti-takeover device.
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49. Authorize Share Repurchase | | For |
We generally support share repurchase proposals that are part of a well-articulated and well-conceived capital strategy. We assess proposals to give the board unlimited authorization to repurchase shares on a case-by-case basis.
Furthermore, we would generally support the use of derivative instruments (e.g., put options and call options) as part of a share repurchase plan absent a compelling reason to the contrary. Also, absent a specific concern at the company, we will generally support a repurchase plan that could be continued during a takeover period.
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50. Blank Check Preferred Stock | | Against |
Blank check preferred stock proposals authorize the issuance of certain preferred stock at some future point in time and allow the board to establish voting, dividend, conversion and other rights at the time of issuance. While blank check preferred stock can provide a corporation with the flexibility needed to meet changing financial conditions, it also may be used as the vehicle for implementing a “poison pill” defense or some other entrenchment device.
We are concerned that, once this stock has been authorized, shareholders have no further power to determine how or when it will be allocated. Accordingly, we generally oppose this type of proposal.
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51. Corporate Restructurings, Merger Proposals and Spin-Offs | | Case-by-case |
Proposals requesting shareholder approval of corporate restructurings, merger proposals and spin-offs are determined on a case-by-case basis. In evaluating these proposals and determining our votes, we are singularly focused on meeting our goal of maximizing long-term shareholder value.
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52. Elimination of Preemptive Rights | | Case-by-case |
Preemptive rights allow the shareholders of the company to buy newly-issued shares before they are offered to the public in order to maintain their percentage ownership. AllianceBernstein believes that, because preemptive rights are an important shareholder right, careful scrutiny must be given to management’s attempts to eliminate them. However, because preemptive rights can be prohibitively expensive to widely-held companies, the benefit of such rights will be weighed against the economic effect of maintaining them.
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53. Expensing Stock Options (SHP) | | For |
U.S. generally-accepted accounting principles require companies to expense stock options, as do the accounting rules in many other jurisdictions (including those jurisdictions that have adopted IFRS — international financial reporting standards). If a company is domiciled in a jurisdiction where the accounting rules do not already require the expensing of stock options, we will support shareholder proposals requiring this practice and disclosing information about it.
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54. Fair Price Provisions | | Case-by-case |
A fair price provision in the company’s charter or by laws is designed to ensure that each shareholder’s securities will be purchased at the same price if the corporation is acquired under a plan not agreed to by the board. In most instances, the provision requires that any tender offer made by a third party must be made to all shareholders at the same price.
Fair pricing provisions attempt to prevent the “two tiered front loaded offer” where the acquirer of a company initially offers a premium for a sufficient percentage of shares of the company to gain control and subsequently makes an offer for the remaining shares at a much lower price. The remaining shareholders have no choice but to accept the offer. The two tiered approach is coercive as it compels a shareholder to sell his or her shares immediately in order to receive the higher price per share. This type of tactic has caused many states to adopt fair price provision statutes to restrict this practice.
We consider fair price provisions on a case-by-case basis. We oppose any provision where there is evidence that management intends to use the provision as an anti-takeover device as well as any provision where the shareholder vote requirement is greater than a majority of disinterested shares (i.e., shares beneficially owned by individuals other than the acquiring party).
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55. Increase Authorized Common Stock | | Case-by-case |
In general we regard increases in authorized common stock as serving a legitimate corporate purpose when used to: implement a stock split, aid in a recapitalization or acquisition, raise needed capital for the firm, or provide for employee savings plans, stock option plans or executive compensation plans. That said, we may oppose a particular proposed increase if we consider the authorization likely to lower the share price (this would happen, for example, if the firm were proposing to use the proceeds to overpay for an acquisition, to invest in a project unlikely to earn the firm’s cost of capital, or to compensate employees well above market rates). . We oppose increases in authorized common stock where there is evidence that the shares are to be used to implement a “poison pill” or another form of anti-takeover device, or if the issuance of new shares would, in our judgment, excessively dilute the value of the outstanding shares upon issuance. In addition, a satisfactory explanation of a company’s intentions – going beyond the standard “general corporate purposes” – must be disclosed in the proxy statement for proposals requesting an increase of greater than 100% of the shares outstanding. We view the use of derivatives, particularly warrants, as legitimate capital-raising instruments and apply these same principles to their use as we do to the authorization of common stock. Under certain circumstances where we believe it is important for shareholders to have an opportunity to maintain their proportional ownership, we may oppose proposals requesting shareholders approve the issuance of additional shares if those shares do not include preemptive rights.
In Hong Kong, it is common for companies to request board authority to issue new shares up to 20% of outstanding share capital. The authority typically lapses after one year. We may vote against plans that do not prohibit issuing shares at a discount, taking into account whether a company has a history of doing so.
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56. Issuance of Equity without Preemptive Rights | | For |
We are generally in favor of issuances of equity without preemptive rights of up to 30% of a company’s outstanding shares unless there is concern that the issuance will be used in a manner that could hurt shareholder value (e.g., issuing the equity at a discount from the current market price or using the equity to help create a “poison pill” mechanism).
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57. Issuance of Stock with Unequal Voting Rights | | Case-by-case |
Unequal voting rights plans are designed to reduce the voting power of existing shareholders and concentrate a significant amount of voting power in the hands of management. In the majority of instances, they serve as an effective deterrent to takeover attempts. These structures, however, may be beneficial, allowing management to focus on longer-term value creation, which benefits all shareholders. AllianceBernstein evaluates these proposals on a case-by-case basis and takes into consideration the alignment of management incentives with appropriate performance, metrics, and the effectiveness of the company’s strategy.
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58. Net Long Position Requirement | | For |
We support proposals that require the ownership level needed to call a special meeting to be based on the net long position of a shareholder or shareholder group. This standard ensures that a significant economic interest accompanies the voting power.
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59. Opt Out of State Anti-takeover Law (US) (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
Many states have enacted anti-takeover laws requiring an acquirer to obtain a supermajority of a company’s stock in order to exercise control. For example, under Delaware law, absent board approval, a bidder must acquire at least 85% of a company’s stock before the bidder can exercise control. Such laws represent a formidable takeover defense for companies because by simply placing 15% of the stock in “friendly” hands, a company can block an otherwise successful takeover attempt that may be in the best interests of the shareholders. These statutes often allow companies to opt-out of this law with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares.
Shareholders proposing opt out resolutions argue that these anti-takeover laws grant the board too much power to determine a matter that should be left to the shareholders. Critics of such proposals argue that opt-out provisions do not prevent takeovers but, rather, provide the board with an opportunity to negotiate a better deal for all shareholders. Because each state’s anti-takeover laws are different and must be considered in the totality of all of a company’s takeover defenses, we review these proposals on a case-by-case basis.
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60. Reincorporation | | Case-by-case |
There are many valid business reasons a corporation may choose to reincorporate in another jurisdiction. We perform a case-by-case review of such proposals, taking into consideration management’s stated reasons for the proposed move.
Careful scrutiny also will be given to proposals that seek approval to reincorporate in countries that serve as tax havens. We recognize that such provisions can help facilitate the growth of a company’s business and potentially can benefit shareholders when a company lowers its tax liability. When evaluating such proposals, we consider factors such as the location of the company’s business, the statutory protections available in the country to enforce shareholder rights and the tax consequences of the reincorporation to shareholders.
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61. Reincorporation to Another jurisdiction to Permit Majority Voting or Other Changes in Corporate Governance (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
If a shareholder proposes that a company move to a jurisdiction where majority voting (among other shareholder-friendly conditions) is permitted, we will generally oppose the move notwithstanding the fact that we favor majority voting for directors. Our rationale is that the legal costs, taxes, other expenses and other factors, such as business disruption, in almost all cases would be material and outweigh the benefit of majority voting. If, however, we should find that these costs are not material and/or do not outweigh the benefit of majority voting, we may vote in favor of this kind of proposal. We will evaluate similarly proposals that would require reincorporation in another state to accomplish other changes in corporate governance.
Stock splits are intended to increase the liquidity of a company’s common stock by lowering the price, thereby making the stock seem more attractive to small investors. We generally vote in favor of stock split proposals.
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63. Submit Company’s Shareholder Rights Plan to Shareholder Vote (SHP) | | For |
Most shareholder rights plans (also known as “poison pills”) permit the shareholders of a target company involved in a hostile takeover to acquire shares of the target company, the acquiring company, or both, at a substantial discount once a “triggering event” occurs. A triggering event is usually a hostile tender offer or the acquisition by an outside
party of a certain percentage of the target company’s stock. Because most plans exclude the hostile bidder from the purchase, the effect in most instances is to dilute the equity interest and the voting rights of the potential acquirer once the plan is triggered. A shareholder rights plan is designed to discourage potential acquirers from acquiring shares to make a bid for the issuer. We believe that measures that impede takeovers or entrench management not only infringe on the rights of shareholders but also may have a detrimental effect on the value of the company.
We support shareholder proposals that seek to require the company to submit a shareholder rights plan to a shareholder vote. We evaluate on a case-by-case basis proposals to implement or eliminate a shareholder rights plan.
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64. Transferrable Stock Options | | Case-by-case |
In cases where a compensation plan includes a transferable stock option program, we will consider the plan on a case-by-case basis.
These programs allow stock options to be transferred to third parties in exchange for cash or stock. In effect, management becomes insulated from the downside risk of holding a stock option, while the ordinary shareholder remains exposed to downside risk. This insulation may unacceptably remove management’s exposure to downside risk, which significantly misaligns management and shareholder interests. Accordingly, we generally vote against these programs if the transfer can be executed without shareholder approval, is available to executive officers or non-employee directors, or we consider the available disclosure relating to the mechanics and structure of the program to be insufficient to determine the costs, benefits and key terms of the program.
65. Auditor Proposals
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66. Appointment of Auditors | | For |
We believe that the company is in the best position to choose its accounting firm, and we generally support management’s recommendation.
We recognize that there may be inherent conflicts when a company’s independent auditors perform substantial non-audit related services for the company. Therefore, in reviewing a proposed auditor, we will consider the amount of fees paid for non-audit related services performed compared to the total audit fees paid by the company to the auditing firm, and whether there are any other reasons for us to question the independence or performance of the firm’s auditor. We generally will deem as excessive the non-audit fees paid by a company to its auditor if those fees account for 50% or more of total fees paid. The UK market is an exception where 100% is the threshold due to market demanded auditing. Under these circumstances, we generally vote against the auditor and the directors, in particular the members of the company’s audit committee. In addition, we generally vote against authorizing the audit committee to set the remuneration of such auditors. We exclude from this analysis non-audit fees related to IPOs, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs and other extraordinary events. We may abstain due to a lack of disclosure of who the auditor is.
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67. Approval of Financial Statements | | For |
In some markets, companies are required to submit their financial statements for shareholder approval. This is generally a routine item and, as such, we will vote for the approval of financial statements unless there are appropriate reasons to vote otherwise. We may abstain if the information is not available in advance of the meeting.
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68. Approval of Internal Statutory Auditors | | For |
Some markets (e.g., Japan) require the annual election of internal statutory auditors. Internal statutory auditors have a number of duties, including supervising management, ensuring compliance with the articles of association and reporting to a company’s board on certain financial issues. In most cases, the election of internal statutory auditors is a routine item and we will support management’s nominee provided that the nominee meets the regulatory requirements for serving as internal statutory auditors. However, we may vote against nominees who are designated independent statutory auditors who serve as executives of a subsidiary or affiliate of the issuer or if there are other reasons to question the independence of the nominees.
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69. Limit Compensation Consultant Services (SHP) | | Against |
These proposals seek to restrict a company from engaging a consultant retained to advise the board on compensation matters to provide the company with other services other than compensation consulting if such consultant already has been engaged to provide compensation consulting.
In February 2010, the SEC adopted final rules regarding disclosure enhancements in proxy statements and Forms 10-K. One such rule requires disclosure of the fees paid to compensation consultants and their affiliates if they provide consulting services relating to executive officer compensation and additional services, if the cost of such additional services exceeds $120,000. The rule does not, however, restrict a company from acquiring both kinds of services from a compensation consultant.
We agree with the SEC that companies should be required to disclose payments exceeding $120,000 to compensation consultants for services other than executive compensation consulting services, and we do not believe company boards should be subject to any additional restrictions or requirements. Accordingly, we oppose these proposals.
We generally apply these principles for non-US companies as well.
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70. Limitation of Liability of External Statutory Auditors (Japan) | | Case-by-case |
In Japan, companies may limit the liability of external statutory auditors in the event of a shareholder lawsuit through any of three mechanisms: (i) submitting the proposed limits to shareholder vote; (ii) setting limits by modifying the company’s articles of incorporation; and (iii) setting limits in contracts with outside directors, outside statutory auditors and external audit firms (requires a modification to the company’s articles of incorporation). A vote by 3% or more of shareholders can nullify a limit set through the second mechanism. The third mechanism has historically been the most prevalent.
We review proposals to set limits on auditor liability on a case-by-case basis, considering whether such a provision is necessary to secure appointment and whether it helps to maximize long-term shareholder value.
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71. Separating Auditors and Consultants (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
We believe that a company serves its shareholders’ interests by avoiding potential conflicts of interest that might interfere with an auditor’s independent judgment. SEC rules adopted as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 attempted to address these concerns by prohibiting certain services by a company’s independent auditors and requiring additional disclosure of others services.
We evaluate on a case-by-case basis proposals that go beyond the SEC rules or other local market standards by prohibiting auditors from performing other non-audit services or calling for the board to adopt a policy to ensure auditor independence.
We take into consideration the policies and procedures the company already has in place to ensure auditor independence and non-audit fees as a percentage of total fees paid to the auditor are not excessive.
72. Shareholder Access and Voting Proposals
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73. A Shareholder’s Right to Call Special Meetings (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
Most state corporation statutes (though not Delaware, where many U.S. issuers are domiciled) allow shareholders to call a special meeting when they want to take action on certain matters that arise between regularly-scheduled annual meetings. This right may apply only if a shareholder, or a group of shareholders, owns a specified percentage of the outstanding shares. (Ten percent is common among states, although one state sets the threshold as high as forty percent.)
We recognize the importance of the right of shareholders to remove poorly-performing directors, respond to takeover offers and take other actions without having to wait for the next annual meeting. However, we also believe it is important to protect companies and shareholders from nuisance proposals. We further believe that striking a balance between these competing interests will maximize shareholder value. Accordingly, we will generally support a proposal to call a special meeting if the proposing shareholder owns, or the proposing shareholders as a group own, 10% or more of the outstanding voting equity of the company.
From time to time we may receive requests to join with other shareholders for purposes of meeting an ownership requirement necessary to call a special meeting. Similarly, we may receive other requests to join a voting block for purposes of influencing management. If the third parties requesting our participation are not affiliated with us and have no business relationships with us, we will consider the request on a case-by-case basis. However, where the requesting party has a business relationship with us (e.g., the requesting party is a client or a significant service provider), agreeing to such a request may pose a potential conflict of interest. As a fiduciary we have an obligation to vote proxies in the best interest of our clients (without regard to our own interests in generating and maintaining business with our other clients) and given our desire to avoid even the appearance of a conflict, we will generally decline such a request.
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74. Adopt Cumulative Voting (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
Cumulative voting is a method of electing directors that enables each shareholder to multiply the number of his or her shares by the number of directors being considered. A shareholder may then cast the total votes for any one director or a selected group of directors. For example, a holder of 10 shares normally casts 10 votes for each of 12 nominees to the board thus giving the shareholder 120 (10 x 12) votes. Under cumulative voting, the shareholder may cast all 120 votes for a single nominee, 60 for two, 40 for three, or any other combination that the shareholder may choose.
We believe that encouraging activism among shareholders generally is beneficial to shareholders and helps maximize shareholder value. Cumulative voting supports the interests of minority shareholders in contested elections by enabling them to concentrate their votes and dramatically increase their chances of electing a dissident director to a board. Accordingly, we generally will support shareholder proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting and we generally will oppose management proposals to eliminate cumulative voting. However, we may oppose cumulative voting if a company has in place both proxy access, which allows shareholders to nominate directors to the company’s ballot, and majority voting (with a carve-out for plurality voting in situations where there are more nominees than seats), which requires each director to receive the affirmative vote of a majority of votes cast and, we believe, leads to greater director accountability to shareholders.
Also, we support cumulative voting at controlled companies regardless of any other shareholder protections that may be in place.
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75. Adopt Cumulative Voting in Dual Shareholder Class Structures (SHP) | | For |
In dual class structures (such as A&B shares) where the shareholders with a majority economic interest have a minority voting interest, we generally vote in favor of cumulative voting for those shareholders.
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76. Early Disclosure of Voting Results (SHP) | | Against |
These proposals seek to require a company to disclose votes sooner than is required by the local market. In the US, the SEC requires disclosure in the first periodic report filed after the company’s annual meeting which we believe is reasonable. We do not support requests that require disclosure earlier than the time required by the local regulator.
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77. Implement Confidential Voting (SHP) | | For |
Proponents of confidential voting argue that proxy voting should be conducted under the same rules of confidentiality as voting in political and other elections (by secret ballot), with an independent party verifying the results. They also argue that open balloting allows management to re-solicit shareholders and to urge—or sometimes coerce—them into changing their votes. Opponents argue that confidential voting makes it more difficult for a company to garner the necessary votes to conduct business (especially where a supermajority vote is required) because proxy solicitors cannot determine how individual shareholders voted.
We support confidential voting before the actual vote has been cast, because we believe that voting on shareholder matters should be free of any potential for coercion or undue influence from the company or other interested parties.
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78. Limiting a Shareholder’s Right to Call Special Meetings | | Against |
Companies contend that limitations on shareholders’ rights to call special meetings are needed to prevent minority shareholders from taking control of the company’s agenda. However, such limits also have anti-takeover implications because they prevent a shareholder or a group of shareholders who have acquired a significant stake in the company from forcing management to address urgent issues, such as the potential sale of the company. Because most states prohibit shareholders from abusing this right, we see no justifiable reason for management to eliminate this fundamental shareholder right. Accordingly, we generally will vote against such proposals.
In addition, if the board of directors, without shareholder consent, raises the ownership threshold a shareholder must reach before the shareholder can call a special meeting, we will vote against those directors.
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79. Permit a Shareholder’s Right to Act by Written Consent (SHP) | | For |
Action by written consent enables a large shareholder or group of shareholders to initiate votes on corporate matters prior to the annual meeting. We believe this is a fundamental shareholder right and, accordingly, will support shareholder proposals seeking to restore this right. However, in cases where a company has a majority shareholder or group of related majority shareholders with majority economic interest, we will oppose proposals seeking to restore this right as there is a potential risk of abuse by the majority shareholder or group of majority shareholders.
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80. Proxy Access for Annual Meetings (SHP) | | For |
These proposals ask companies to give shareholders equal access to proxy materials in order to express their views on various proxy issues.
Management often argues that shareholders already have significant access to the proxy as provided by law (i.e., the right to have shareholder proposals included in the proxy statement and the right to suggest director candidates to the nominating committee). Management also argues that it would be unworkable to open the proxy process because of the large number of shareholders who might wish to comment and because it would be impossible to screen out “nuisance” proposals.
We have voted in favor of certain resolutions calling for enhancement of shareholders’ ability to access proxy materials to increase corporate boards’ attention to shareholder concerns. While we recognize that access must be limited in order to discourage frivolous proposals and those put forward by shareholders who may not have the best interests of all shareholders in mind, we believe that shareholders should have a meaningful ability to exercise their rights to vote for and nominate directors of the companies in which they invest.
To this end, in the United States we supported SEC proxy reform in 2003 and 2007, and we supported the SEC’s proposed proxy reform in 2009 intended to solve the problem of shareholders’ limited ability to exercise their rights to nominate directors and have the nominations disclosed to and considered by shareholders. In 2010, the SEC adopted new rules requiring companies to include the nominees of “significant, long-term shareholders” in their proxy materials, alongside the nominees of management. Under the rules, shareholders are deemed “significant and long-term” if they own at least three percent of the company’s shares continuously for at least the prior three years. However, in July 2011, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the SEC’s 2010 rules (Exchange Act Rule 14a-11), finding that, in adopting the rule, the SEC violated the Administrative Procedure Act by failing to adequately consider the rule’s effect on efficiency, competition and capital formation. We continue to monitor the situation.
From time to time we may receive requests to join with other shareholders to support a shareholder action. We may, for example, receive requests to join a voting block for purposes of influencing management. If the third parties requesting our participation are not affiliated with us and have no business relationships with us, we will consider the request on a case-by-case basis. However, where the requesting party has a business relationship with us (e.g., the requesting party is a client or a significant service provider), agreeing to such a request may pose a potential conflict of interest. As a fiduciary we have an obligation to vote proxies in the best interest of our clients (without regard to our own interests in generating and maintaining business with our other clients) and given our desire to avoid even the appearance of a conflict, we will generally decline such a request.
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81. Reduce Meeting Notification from 21 Days to 14 Days (U.K.) | | For |
Companies in the United Kingdom may, with shareholder approval, reduce the notice period for extraordinary general meetings from 21 days to 14 days.
A reduced notice period expedites the process of obtaining shareholder approval of additional financing needs and other important matters. Accordingly, we support these proposals.
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82. Rotation of Locale for Annual Meeting (SHP) | | Against |
Proponents contend that the site of the annual meeting should be moved each year to a different locale in order to allow as many shareholders as possible to attend the annual meeting. Conversely, we believe the location of a company’s annual meeting is best left to the discretion of management, unless there is evidence that the location of previous meetings was specifically chosen with the intention of making it more difficult for shareholders to participate in the meeting. Consequently, we generally oppose proposals calling for the locale of the annual meeting to rotate.
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83. Shareholder Proponent Engagement Process (SHP) | | For |
We believe that proper corporate governance requires that proposals receiving support from a majority of shareholders be considered and implemented by the company. Accordingly, we support establishing an engagement process between shareholders and management to ensure proponents of majority-supported proposals, have an established means of communicating with management.
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84. Supermajority Vote Requirements | | Against |
A supermajority vote requirement is a charter or by-law requirement that, when implemented, raises the percentage (higher than the customary simple majority) of shareholder votes needed to approve certain proposals, such as mergers, changes of control, or proposals to amend or repeal a portion of the Articles of Incorporation.
In most instances, we oppose these proposals and support shareholder proposals that seek to reinstate the simple majority vote requirement.
85. Environmental, Social and Disclosure Proposals
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86. Adopt a Special Corporate Policy for SEC Rule 10b5-1 and Other Trading Plans (US) (SHP) | | Against |
These shareholder proposals ask a company to adopt a special policy for trading by senior executives in addition to the requirements of SEC Rule 10b5-1 and other trading plans that govern their trading. Subject to the history of the company and any record of abuses, we are generally against requiring a company to adopt additional requirements.
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87. Adopt Guidelines for Country Selection (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
These proposals seek to require a company to prepare a special report on how it selects the countries in which it operates. We will evaluate whether sufficient information about why a company operates in various jurisdictions is provided in annual reports and other company documents.
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88. Amend EEO Statement to Include a Reference to Sexual Orientation (US) (SHP) | | For |
We support proposals requiring a company to amend its Equal Employment Opportunity policies to specifically reference sexual orientation.
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89. Animal Testing (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
Proposals requiring companies to reduce reliance on animals for consumer product safety testing will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, taking into account practicality and business impact. Proposals requiring increased disclosure on the numbers of animals tested, the types of animals used and the types of tests performed will be generally voted in favor, while carefully considering any policies that are already in place at the company, and to what extent such policies meet the national standards.
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90. Anti-Greenmail Proposal (SHP) | | For |
Greenmails, commonly referred to as “legal corporate blackmail,” are payments made to a potential hostile acquirer who has accumulated a significant percentage of a company’s stock. The company acquires the raider’s stock at a premium in exchange for an agreement that the raider will not attempt to acquire control for a certain number of years. This practice discriminates against all other shareholders as only the hostile party receives payment, which is usually at a substantial premium over the market value of its shares. Anti-greenmail proposals seek to prevent greenmail by adopting amendments to the company’s charter or by-laws that limit the ability of that company’s board to acquire blocks of another company’s stock at above-market prices.
We vote in favor of an anti-greenmail proposal, provided the proposal has no other management initiated anti-takeover features.
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91. Charitable Contributions (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
We generally support shareholder proposals relating to reporting charitable contributions. We will evaluate proposals seeking to restrict charitable contributions on a case-by-case basis.. Proponents of such proposals argue that charitable contributions are an inappropriate use of company assets because the purpose of any corporation is to make a profit. Opponents argue that charitable contributions are a useful means for a company to create goodwill.
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92. Genetically Altered or Engineered Food (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
These proposals seek to require companies to label genetically modified organisms in a company’s products or in some cases completely eliminate their use. Proponents argue that such measures should be required due to the possible health and safety issues surrounding the use of such products. Opponents point out that the use of such products helps improve crop yield, and implementing such proposals could have immediate negative economic effects on the company.
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93. Global Labor Standards (SHP) | | For |
These proposals ask companies to issue reports on their corporate standards for doing business abroad and to adopt mechanisms for ensuring vendor compliance with these standards. The standards include policies to ensure that workers are paid sustainable living wages and children are not used as forced labor. Generally, we vote in favor, but we carefully consider any policies that are already in place at the company, to what extent such policies meet the standards espoused by the International Labor Organization’s Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (and other relevant ILO conventions), and any evidence of prior abuse by the company. We will also ensure the practicality of such proposals.
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94. Global Warming; Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
Proposals addressing environmental and energy concerns are plentiful. We will generally support proposals requesting greater disclosure, but proposals seeking to adopt specific emissions or environmental goals or metrics will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Topics can range from general environmental reports to more specific reports on topics such as greenhouse gas emissions, the release of radioactive materials, and the generation or use of nuclear energy. The scope of the requested reports or policies can also vary. Proponents of these proposals may seek information on the steps the company has taken to address the environmental concern in question, or they may also ask the company to detail any financial risk associated with environmental issues. Opponents of these proposals claim that complying with proponents’ requests would be overly costly for, or unduly burdensome on, the company.
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95. Implement the MacBride Principles (Northern Ireland) (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
The MacBride Principles aim to fight discriminatory anti Catholic employment practices in the British state of Northern Ireland. The Principles encourage U.S. companies to actively recruit Catholic employees and, where possible, groom them for management responsibilities. Companies are also asked to ensure job security for their Catholic employees and to abolish the use of inflammatory religious emblems.
Supporters argue that the MacBride Principles effectively address Northern Ireland’s inequalities in employment (in Northern Ireland, unemployment among Catholic men is twice as high as among Protestant men). Opponents contend that the adoption of the MacBride Principles is itself a form of reverse discrimination, which may violate British law. The British government is concerned that adoption of the MacBride Principles may increase the “hassle factor” of doing business in the economically troubled area and reduce the attractiveness of investments.
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96. Include Sustainability as a Performance Measure (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
We believe management and directors should be given latitude in determining appropriate performance measurements. Therefore, we will evaluate on a case-by-case basis proposals requesting companies to consider incorporating specific, measurable, practical goals consisting of sustainability principles and environmental impacts as metrics for incentive compensation.
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97. Military Issues (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
These proposals ask companies involved in military production to report on future plans and to diversify or convert to the production of civilian goods and services. Opponents of these resolutions are concerned that conversion is not economically rational, and view the proposals as intrusions into management’s decision making prerogative. Opponents also point to the imperative of a strong defense as reason enough to continue military production.
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98. Nuclear Waste Disposal (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
These resolutions ask companies to allocate a portion of the cost of building nuclear power plants for research into nuclear waste disposal. Proponents argue that, because the life span of certain waste byproducts exceeds current containment capabilities, the industry should concentrate more on waste management and disposal. While opponents acknowledge the need for research, they contend that the problem is overstated, and that some suggested containment programs are unnecessarily expensive.
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99. Other Business | | Against |
In certain jurisdictions, these proposals allow management to act on issues that shareholders may raise at the annual meeting. Because it is impossible to know what issues may be raised, we will vote against these proposals.
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100. Pharmaceutical Pricing (US) (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
These proposals seek to require a company to implement pricing restraints to make prescription drugs more affordable, both domestically and in third-world countries. Proponents argue that drug prices in the United States,
considered to be among the highest in the world, make adequate medical care inaccessible to those other than the most affluent. Critics of such proposals argue that artificial price controls would reduce revenues, deter investors and ultimately reduce funds available for future research and development.
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101. Plant Closings (US) (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
These proposals ask companies to create or expand programs to relocate workers displaced by a plant closing. Supporters of plant closing resolutions argue management should be more sensitive to employees both during the decision on closing a plant and in efforts at relocation. Companies generally respond that they already have programs to accommodate displaced workers. In addition, federal law now requires 60 days’ advance notice of a major plant closing or layoff and a number of states also have applicable regulations.
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102. Reimbursement of Shareholder Proposal Expenses (SHP) | | Against |
These shareholder proposals would require companies to reimburse the expenses of shareholders who submit proposals that receive a majority of votes cast. We generally vote against these proposals.
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103. Report on Pay Disparity (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
A report on pay disparity compares the total compensation of a company’s executive officers with that of the company’s lowest paid workers, including statistics and rationale pertaining to changes in the size of the gap, information on whether executive compensation is “excessive”, and information on whether greater oversight is needed over certain aspects of the company’s compensation policies.
Proponents may note that executive compensation, in general, and the gap between executive compensation and the pay of a company’s lowest paid employees, has grown significantly in recent years. They may also note that the gap between executive salary and the wage of the average employee at the company is significantly higher.
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104. Report on Water Pollution Prevention Measures (SHP) | | For |
We will generally support proposals requesting a company report to shareholders on measures taken by the company to prevent runoff, wastewater and other forms of water pollution from the company’s own (and its contractors’) facilities, taking into account national legislation and practicality.
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105. Report on Workplace Diversity and/or Employment Policies (SHP) | | For |
Equal employment may refer to the right to be free from discrimination based on race, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, age or disability in the work force. Resolutions generally ask companies to report progress in complying with affirmative action laws. In assessing these proposals, we carefully consider any policies that are already in place at the company. However, we will also assure the practicality of such proposals.
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106. Reporting Political Contributions; Lobbying Expenses (SHP) | | For |
We generally vote in favor of proposals requesting increased disclosure of political contributions and lobbying expenses. By requiring reports to shareholders, proponents of these shareholder resolutions contend investors can help police wrongdoings in the political system and better evaluate the use of company resources. Critics of these proposals contend that reformers overstate the problem and that a company should play an active role in expressing its opinion about relevant legislation.
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107. Submit Political Spending Program to Shareholder Advisory Vote (SHP) | | Against |
We generally vote against shareholder proposals requiring the board of directors to adopt a policy to provide shareholders with the opportunity to ratify a company’s political spending program. We believe such proposals are overly intrusive on management’s discretion.
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108. Sustainability Report (SHP) | | For |
We generally support shareholder proposals calling for a sustainability report while taking into account the current reporting policies of the company as they relate to sustainability and whether having a report provides added benefits to shareholders.
Sustainability is a business model that requires companies to balance the needs and interests of various stakeholders while concurrently sustaining their business, communities and the environment for future generations. Although many argue that the sustainable development concept is constantly evolving, core issues continue to revolve around ensuring the rights of future generations, adopting a long-term approach to business problems and strengthening the connections between the environment, society and the economy. This “triple bottom line” can be used as a framework for measuring and reporting corporate performance against economic, social and environmental parameters. However, the term can also encompass a set of values, issues and practices that companies must address in order to minimize harm, while simultaneously creating economic, social and environmental value. We evaluate these proposals on a case-by-case basis.
Proponents of these proposals argue that investors are justified in seeking additional disclosure on companies’ social and environmental performance because they affect shareholder value. Opponents argue that companies already include much of the information contained in a sustainability report in workplace policies and/or codes of ethics and post this information on their websites; supporting these proposals would therefore be unduly burdensome.
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109. The CERES Principles (SHP) | | Case-by-case |
Many environmental proposals include a recommendation that companies adopt and report their compliance with the Coalition of Environmentally Responsible Economies (the “CERES” Principles). The CERES Principles are a set of ten principles committing the company to environmental improvement. Proponents argue that endorsement of the CERES principles gives a company greater public credibility than standards created by industry or government regulation alone. Companies argue that implementing the CERES Principles only duplicates their current environmental policies and is unduly burdensome
Proposals relating to tobacco issues are wide-ranging. They include proposals to have a company issue warnings on the environmental risks of tobacco smoke and the risks of smoking-related diseases, as well as proposals to link executive compensation with reductions in teen smoking.
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a. | | End Production of Tobacco Products | | Against |
These proposals seek to phase-out all production, promotion and marketing of tobacco products by a specified date. Proponents argue that tobacco companies have acknowledged the serious health risks related to smoking cigarettes yet
they continue to distribute them. When evaluating these resolutions, we must consider the company’s risks and liabilities associated with those lines of business, and evaluate the overall strategic business plans and how those plans will serve to maximize long-term shareholder value.
Because phasing out all tobacco-related operations by a tobacco company is very likely to result in the end of the company, which clearly is not in the best interests of shareholders, we will generally oppose these proposals.
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b. | | Spin-off Tobacco-related Business | | Case-by-case |
The motivation for these proposals is generally in line with what we have described immediately above — proponents seek for the subject company to phase-out all production, promotion and marketing of tobacco products by a specified date, citing health risks and tobacco companies’ systemic failure to honestly inform the public about these health risks until recently. The key difference is that, unlike the above type of proposal, which would be put to a company that derives most, if not all, of its revenues from tobacco-related operations, a spin-off proposal would request that a company that derives only a portion (often a substantial portion) of its revenues from tobacco-related operations spin-off its tobacco-related operating segment / subsidiary.
When evaluating resolutions requesting a company divest itself from one or more lines of business, we must consider the company’s risks and liabilities associated with those lines of business, evaluate the overall strategic business plans and determine how those plans will serve to maximize long-term shareholder value
111. | Conflicts of Interest |
As a fiduciary, we always must act in our clients’ best interests. We strive to avoid even the appearance of a conflict that may compromise the trust our clients have placed in us, and we insist on strict adherence to fiduciary standards and compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws. We have adopted a comprehensive Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“Code”) to help us meet these obligations. As part of this responsibility and as expressed throughout the Code, we place the interests of our clients first and attempt to avoid any perceived or actual conflicts of interest.
We recognize that there may be a potential material conflict of interest when we vote a proxy solicited by an issuer whose retirement plan we manage, or we administer, who distributes AllianceBernstein-sponsored mutual funds, or with whom we or an employee has another business or personal relationship that may affect how we vote on the issuer’s proxy. Similarly, we may have a potential material conflict of interest when deciding how to vote on a proposal sponsored or supported by a shareholder group that is a client. In order to avoid any perceived or actual conflict of interest, the procedures set forth below in sections 3.2 through 3.7 have been established for use when we encounter a potential conflict to ensure that our voting decisions are based on our clients’ best interests and are not the product of a conflict.
113. | Adherence to Stated Proxy Voting Policies |
Votes generally are cast in accordance with this policy3. In situations where our policy is case-by-case, this Manual often provides criteria that will guide our decision. In situations where our policy on a particular issue is case-by-case and the vote cannot be clearly decided by an application of our stated policy, a member of the Proxy Committee or his/her designee will make the voting decision in accordance with the basic principle of our policy
3 | From time to time a client may request that we vote their proxies consistent with AFL-CIO guidelines or the policy of the National Association of Pension Funds. In those situations, AllianceBernstein reserves the right to depart from those policies if we believe it to be in the client’s best interests. |
to vote proxies with the intention of maximizing the value of the securities in our client accounts. In these situations, the voting rationale must be documented either on the voting platform of ISS, by retaining relevant emails or another appropriate method. Where appropriate, the views of investment professionals are considered. All votes cast contrary to our stated voting policy on specific issues must be documented. On an annual basis, the Proxy Committee will receive a report of all such votes so as to confirm adherence of the policy.
114. | Disclosure of Conflicts |
When considering a proxy proposal, members of the Proxy Committee or investment professionals involved in the decision-making process must disclose to the Proxy Committee any potential conflict (including personal relationships) of which they are aware and any substantive contact that they have had with any interested outside party (including the issuer or shareholder group sponsoring a proposal) regarding the proposal. Any previously unknown conflict will be recorded on the Potential Conflicts List (discussed below). If a member of the Proxy Committee has a conflict of interest, he or she must also remove himself or herself from the decision-making process.
115. | Potential Conflicts List |
No less frequently than annually, a list of companies and organizations whose proxies may pose potential conflicts of interest is compiled by the Legal and Compliance Department (the “Potential Conflicts List”). The Potential Conflicts List includes:
Publicly-traded Clients from the Russell 3000 Index, the Morgan Stanley Capital International (“MSCI”) Europe
Australia Far East Index (MSCI EAFE), the MSCI Canada Index and the MSCI Emerging Markets Index;
Publicly-traded companies that distribute AllianceBernstein mutual funds;
Bernstein private clients who are directors, officers or 10% shareholders of publicly traded companies;
Clients who sponsor, publicly support or have material interest in a proposal upon which we will be eligible to vote;
Publicly-traded affiliated companies;
Companies where an employee of AllianceBernstein or AXA Financial has identified an interest;
Any other conflict of which a Proxy Committee member becomes aware4.
We determine our votes for all meetings of companies on the Potential Conflicts List by applying the tests described in Section 3.6 below. We document all instances when the independent compliance officer determines our vote.
116. | Determine Existence of Conflict of Interest |
When we encounter a potential conflict of interest, we review our proposed vote using the following analysis to ensure our voting decision does not generate a conflict of interest:
If our proposed vote is consistent with our Proxy Voting Policy, no further review is necessary.
If our proposed vote is contrary to our Proxy Voting Policy and our client’s position on the proposal, no further review is necessary.
If our proposed vote is contrary to our Proxy Voting Policy or is not covered herein, is consistent with our client’s position, and is also consistent with the views of ISS, no further review is necessary.
If our proposed vote is contrary to our Proxy Voting Policy or is not covered herein, is consistent with our client’s position and is contrary to the views of ISS, the vote will be presented to an independent compliance officer (“ICO”). The ICO will determine whether the proposed vote is reasonable. If the ICO cannot determine that
4 | The Proxy Committee must notify the Legal and Compliance Department promptly of any previously unknown conflict. |
the proposed vote is reasonable, the ICO may instruct AllianceBernstein to refer the votes back to the client(s) or take other actions as the ICO deems appropriate. The ICO’s review will be documented using a Proxy Voting Conflict of Interest Form (a copy of which is attached hereto).
117. | Review of Third Party Research Service Conflicts of Interest |
We consider the research of ISS, so the Proxy Committee takes reasonable steps to verify that ISS is, in fact, independent based on all of the relevant facts and circumstances. This includes reviewing ISS’s conflict management procedures on an annual basis. When reviewing these conflict management procedures, we will consider, among other things, whether ISS (i) has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues; and (ii) can offer research in an impartial manner and in the best interests of our clients.
It is AllianceBernstein’s policy to support confidentiality before the actual vote has been cast. Employees are prohibited from revealing how we intend to vote except to (i) members of the Proxy Committee; (ii) Portfolio managers that hold the security in their managed accounts; (iii) the Research Analyst(s) who cover(s) the security; and (iv) clients, upon request, for the securities held in their portfolio. Once the votes have been cast, they are made public in accordance with mutual fund proxy vote disclosures required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and we generally post all votes to our public website the quarter after the vote has been cast.
We may participate in proxy surveys conducted by shareholder groups or consultants so long as such participation does not compromise our confidential voting policy. Specifically, prior to our required SEC disclosures each year, we may respond to surveys asking about our proxy voting policies, but not any specific votes. After our mutual fund proxy vote disclosures required by the SEC each year have been made public and/or votes have been posted to our public website, we may respond to surveys that cover specific votes in addition to our voting policies.
On occasion, clients for whom we do not have proxy voting authority may ask us for advice on proxy votes that they cast. A member of the Proxy Committee or a Proxy Manager may offer such advice subject to an understanding with the client that the advice shall remain confidential.
Any substantive contact regarding proxy issues from the issuer, the issuer’s agent or a shareholder group sponsoring a proposal must be reported to the Proxy Committee if such contact was material to a decision to vote contrary to this Policy. Routine administrative inquiries from proxy solicitors need not be reported.
119. | A Note Regarding AllianceBernstein’s Structure |
AllianceBernstein and AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”) are Delaware limited partnerships. As limited partnerships, neither company is required to produce an annual proxy statement or hold an annual shareholder meeting. In addition, the general partner of AllianceBernstein and AB Holding, AllianceBernstein Corporation, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA, a French holding company for an international group of insurance and related financial services companies.
As a result, most of the positions we express in this Proxy Voting Policy are inapplicable to our business. For example, although units in AB Holding are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the NYSE Listed Company Manual exempts limited partnerships and controlled companies from compliance with various listing requirements, including the requirement that our board have a majority of independent directors.
We publish our voting records on our website quarterly, 30 days after the end of the previous quarter. Many clients have requested that we provide them with periodic reports on how we voted their proxies. Clients may obtain information about how we voted proxies on their behalf by contacting their Advisor. Alternatively, clients may make a written request to the Chief Compliance Officer.
All of the records referenced below will be kept in an easily accessible place for at least the length of time required by local regulation and custom, and, if such local regulation requires that records are kept for less than five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, we will follow the U.S. rule of five years. We maintain the vast majority of these records electronically. We will keep paper records, if any, in one of our offices for at least two years.
The Proxy Voting Policy shall be maintained in the Legal and Compliance Department and posted on our company intranet and the AllianceBernstein website.
123. | Proxy Statements Received Regarding Client Securities |
For U.S. Securities5, AllianceBernstein relies on the SEC to maintain copies of each proxy statement we receive regarding client securities. For Non-U.S. Securities, we rely on ISS, our proxy voting agent, to retain such proxy statements.
124. | Records of Votes Cast on Behalf of Clients |
Records of votes cast by AllianceBernstein are retained electronically by our proxy voting agent, ISS.
125. | Records of Clients Requests for Proxy Voting Information |
Copies of written requests from clients for information on how AllianceBernstein voted their proxies shall be maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department. Responses to written and oral requests for information on how we voted clients’ proxies will be kept in the Client Group.
126. | Documents Prepared by AllianceBernstein that are Material to Voting Decisions |
The Proxy Committee is responsible for maintaining documents prepared by the Committee or any AllianceBernstein employee that were material to a voting decision. Therefore, where an investment professional’s opinion is essential to the voting decision, the recommendation from investment professionals must be made in writing to the Proxy Manager.
5 | U.S. securities are defined as securities of issuers required to make reports pursuant to §12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Non-U.S. securities are defined as all other securities. |
127. | Proxy Voting Procedures |
In an effort to increase the efficiency of voting proxies, AllianceBernstein uses ISS to act as its voting agent for our clients’ holdings globally.
Issuers initially send proxy information to the custodians of our client accounts. We instruct these custodian banks to direct proxy related materials to ISS’s offices. ISS provides us with research related to each resolution. A Proxy Manager reviews the ballots via ISS’s web platform, ProxyExchange (For separately managed account programs, Proxy Managers use Broadridge’s ProxyEdge platform.). Using ProxyExchange (or ProxyEdge), the Proxy Manager submits our voting decision. ISS (or Broadridge) then returns the proxy ballot forms to the designated returnee for tabulation. Clients may request that, when voting their proxies, we utilize an ISS recommendation or ISS’s Taft-Hartley Voting Policy.
If necessary, any paper ballots we receive will be voted online using ProxyVote or via mail or fax.
Proxy voting in certain countries requires “share blocking.” Shareholders wishing to vote their proxies must deposit their shares shortly before the date of the meeting (usually one week) with a designated depositary. During this blocking period, shares that will be voted at the meeting cannot be sold until the meeting has taken place and the shares are returned to the clients’ custodian banks. We may determine that the value of exercising the vote is outweighed by the detriment of not being able to sell the shares during this period. In cases where we want to retain the ability to trade shares, we may abstain from voting those shares.
We seek to vote all proxies for securities held in client accounts for which we have proxy voting authority. However, in some markets administrative issues beyond our control may sometimes prevent us from voting such proxies. For example, we may receive meeting notices after the cut-off date for voting or without enough time to fully consider the proxy. Similarly, proxy materials for some issuers may not contain disclosure sufficient to arrive at a voting decision, in which cases we may abstain from voting. Some markets outside the U.S. require periodic renewals of powers of attorney that local agents must have from our clients prior to implementing our voting instructions.
Many of our clients have entered into securities lending arrangements with agent lenders to generate additional revenue. We will not be able to vote securities that are on loan under these types of arrangements. However, under rare circumstances, for voting issues that may have a significant impact on the investment, we may request that clients or custodians recall securities that are on loan if we determine that the benefit of voting outweighs the costs and lost revenue to the client or fund and the administrative burden of retrieving the securities.
PROXY COMMITTEE MEMBERS
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINE SUMMARY
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Shareholder Proposal | | | | | | For | | | | Against | | | | Case-by- Case | | |
Board and Director Proposals | | |
| | | | Changes in Board Structure and Amending the Articles of Incorporation | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Classified Boards | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
| | | | Director Liability and Indemnification | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Disclose CEO Succession Plan | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Election of Directors | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Controlled Company Exemption | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Voting for Director Nominees in a Contested Election | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Establish Additional Board Committees | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Independent Lead Director | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Limit Term of Directorship; Establish Mandatory Retirement Age | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Majority of Independent Directors | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Majority of Independent Directors on Key Committees | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Majority Votes for Directors | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Prohibit CEOs from Serving on Compensation Committees | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Removal of Directors Without Cause | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Require Independent Board Chairman | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Require Two Candidates for Each Board Seat | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Stock Ownership Requirement | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
Compensation Proposals | | |
ü | | | | Accelerated Vesting of Equity Compensation Awards-Change of Control | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Adopt Form of Employment Contract | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Adopt Policies to Prohibit any Death Benefits to Senior Executives | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Advisory Vote to Ratify Directors’ Compensation | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholder Proposal | | | | | | For | | | | Against | | | | Case-by- Case | | |
ü | | | | Amend Executive Compensation Plan tied to Performance (Bonus Banking) | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
| | | | Approve Remuneration for Directors and Auditors | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Approve Remuneration Reports | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Approve Retirement Bonuses for Directors (Japan and South Korea) | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Approve Special Payments to Continuing Directors and Auditors (Japan) | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Disclose Executive and Director Pay | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Exclude Pension Income from Performance-based Compensation | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Executive and Employee Compensation Plans | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Limit Dividend Payments to Executives | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Limit Executive Pay | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Mandatory Holding Periods | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Pay Directors Only in Stock | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Performance-based Stock Option Plans | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Prohibit Relocation Benefits to Senior Executives | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Recovery of Performance-based Compensation | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Single Trigger Change-in-Control Agreements | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Submit Golden Parachutes / Severance Plans to a Shareholder Vote | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Submit Golden Parachutes / Severance Plans to a Shareholder Vote prior to their being Negotiated by Management | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Submit Option Re-pricing to a Shareholder Vote | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Submit Survivor Benefit Compensation Plans to a Shareholder Vote | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
Capital Changes and Anti-Take Over Proposals | | |
ü | | | | Amend Exclusive Forum Bylaw | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
| | | | Amend Net Operating Loss (“NOL”) Rights Plans | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Authorize Share Repurchase | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Blank Check Preferred Stock | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
| | | | Corporate Restructurings, Merger Proposals and Spin-offs | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholder Proposal | | | | | | For | | | | Against | | | | Case-by- Case | | |
| | | | Elimination of Preemptive Rights | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Expensing Stock Options | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Fair Price Provisions | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Increase Authorized Common Stock | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Issuance of Equity without Preemptive Rights | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Issuance of Stock with Unequal Voting Rights | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Net Long Position Requirement | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Opt Out of State Anti-takeover Law (US) | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Reincorporation | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Reincorporation to Another jurisdiction to Permit Majority Voting or Other Changes in Corporate Governance | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Stock Splits | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Submit Company’s Shareholder Rights Plan to a Shareholder Vote | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Transferrable Stock Options | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
Auditor Proposals | | |
| | | | Appointment of Auditors | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Approval of Financial Statements | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Approval of Internal Statutory Auditors | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Limit Compensation Consultant Services | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
| | | | Limitation of Liability of External Statutory Auditors (Japan) | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Separating Auditors and Consultants | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
Shareholder Access & Voting Proposals | | |
ü | | | | A Shareholder’s Right to Call Special Meetings | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Adopt Cumulative Voting | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Adopt Cumulative Voting in Dual Shareholder Class Structures | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Early Disclosure of Voting Results | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Implement Confidential Voting | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholder Proposal | | | | | | For | | | | Against | | | | Case-by- Case | | |
| | | | Limiting a Shareholder’s Right to Call Special Meetings | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Permit a Shareholder’s Right to Act by Written Consent | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Proxy Access for Annual Meetings | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Reduce Meeting Notification from 21 Days to 14 Days (U.K.) | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Rotation of Locale for Annual Meeting | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Shareholder Proponent Engagement Process | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Supermajority Vote Requirements | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
Environmental & Social, Disclosure Proposals | | |
ü | | | | Adopt a Special Corporate Policy for SEC Rule 1b5-1 and Other Trading Plans | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Adopt Guidelines for Country Selection | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Amend EEO Statement to Include a Reference to Sexual Orientation | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Animal Testing | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Anti-Greenmail Proposal | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Charitable Contributions | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Genetically Altered or Engineered Food | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Global Labor Standards | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Global Warming; Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Implement the MacBride Principles (Northern Ireland) | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Include Sustainability as a Performance Measure | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Military Issues | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Nuclear Waste Disposal | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Other Business | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Pharmaceutical Pricing | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Plant Closings | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Reimbursement of Shareholder Proposal Expenses | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Report on Collateral in Derivatives Trading | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholder Proposal | | | | | | For | | | | Against | | | | Case-by- Case | | |
ü | | | | Report on Pay Disparity | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
ü | | | | Report on Water Pollution Prevention Measures | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Report on Workplace Diversity and/or Employment Policies | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Reporting Political Contributions; Lobbying Expenses | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Submit Political Spending Program to Shareholder Advisory Vote | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Sustainability Report | | ü | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | The CERES Principles | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
| | | | Tobacco | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ü | | | | End Production of Tobacco Products | | | | | | ü | | | | | | |
ü | | | | Spin-off Tobacco-related Business | | | | | | | | | | ü | | |
PROXY VOTING CONFLICT OF INTEREST FORM
| | | | | | | | | | |
Name of Security | | | | | | Date of Shareholder Meeting | | | | |
| | |
Short description of the conflict (client, mutual fund distributor, etc.): | | |
| | |
| | |
1. Is our proposed vote on all issues consistent with our stated proxy voting policy?
| | | | | | | | |
¨ Yes | | | | ¨ No | | | | If yes, stop here and sign below as no further review is necessary. |
2. Is our proposed vote contrary to our client’s position?
| | | | | | | | |
¨ Yes | | | | ¨ No | | | | If yes, stop here and sign below as no further review is necessary. |
3. Is our proposed vote consistent with the views of Institutional Shareholder Services?
| | | | | | | | |
¨ Yes | | | | ¨ No | | | | If yes, stop here and sign below as no further review is necessary. |
Please attach a memo containing the following information and documentation supporting the proxy voting decision:
| ¨ | A list of the issue(s) where our proposed vote is contrary to our stated policy (director election, cumulative voting, equity compensation plan, etc. |
| ¨ | A description of any substantive contact with any interested outside party and a proxy voting committee or an AllianceBernstein investment professional that was material to our voting decision. Please include date, attendees, titles, organization they represent and topics discussed. If there was no such contact, please note as such. |
| ¨ | If the Independent Compliance Officer has NOT determined that the proposed vote is reasonable, please explain and indicate what action has been, or will be taken. |
| | | | | | |
| | Independent Compliance Officer Approval (if necessary. Email approval is acceptable.): | | | | Prepared by: |
| | I hereby confirm that the proxy voting decision referenced on this form is reasonable. | | | | |
| | | | | | Print Name: ( ) |
| | Phillip Kirstein | | | | Date: |
| | Date: | | | | |
Please return this completed form and all supporting documentation to the Conflicts Officer in the Legal and Compliance Department and keep a copy for your records.
STATEMENTOF POLICY REGARDING RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT
Principles for Responsible Investment,
ESG, and Socially Responsible Investment
AllianceBernstein L.P. (“AllianceBernstein” or “we”) is appointed by our clients as an investment manager with a fiduciary responsibility to help them achieve their investment objectives over the long term. Generally, our clients’ objective is to maximize the financial return of their portfolios within appropriate risk parameters. AllianceBernstein has long recognized that environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) issues can impact the performance of investment portfolios. Accordingly, we have sought to integrate ESG factors into our investment process to the extent that the integration of such factors is consistent with our fiduciary duty to help our clients achieve their investment objectives and protect their economic interests.
Our policy draws a distinction between how the Principles for Responsible Investment (“PRI” or “Principles”), and Socially Responsible Investing (“SRI”) incorporate ESG factors. PRI is based on the premise that, because ESG issues can affect investment performance, appropriate consideration of ESG issues and engagement regarding them is firmly within the bounds of a mainstream investment manager’s fiduciary duties to its clients. Furthermore, PRI is intended to be applied only in ways that are consistent with those mainstream fiduciary duties.
SRI, which refers to a spectrum of investment strategies that seek to integrate ethical, moral, sustainability and other non-financial factors into the investment process, generally involves exclusion and/or divestment, as well as investment guidelines that restrict investments. AllianceBernstein may accept such guideline restrictions upon client request.
Our long-standing policy has been to include ESG factors in our extensive fundamental research and consider them carefully when we believe they are material to our forecasts and investment decisions. If we determine that these aspects of an issuer’s past, current or anticipated behavior are material to its future expected returns, we address these concerns in our forecasts, research reviews, investment decisions and engagement. In addition, we have well-developed proxy voting policies that incorporate ESG issues and engagement.
In recent years, we have gained greater clarity on how the PRI initiative, based on information from PRI Advisory Council members and from other signatories, provides a framework for incorporating ESG factors into investment research and decision-making. Furthermore, our industry has become, over time, more aware of the importance of ESG factors. We acknowledge these developments and seek to refine what has been our process in this area.
After careful consideration, we determined that becoming a PRI signatory would enhance our current ESG practices and align with our fiduciary duties to our clients as a mainstream investment manager. Accordingly, we became a signatory, effective November 1, 2011.
In signing the PRI, AllianceBernstein as an investment manager publicly commits to adopt and implement all six Principles, where consistent with our fiduciary responsibilities, and to make progress over time on implementation of the Principles.
The six Principles are:
1. We will incorporate ESG issues into investment research and decision-making processes.
AllianceBernstein Examples: ESG issues are included in the research analysis process. In some cases, external service providers of ESG-related tools are utilized; we have conducted proxy voting training and
will have continued and expanded training for investment professionals to incorporate ESG issues into investment analysis and decision-making processes across our firm.
2. We will be active owners and incorporate ESG issues into our ownership policies and practices.
AllianceBernstein Examples: We are active owners through our proxy voting process (for additional information, please refer to our Statement of Policies and Procedures for Proxy Voting Manual); we engage issuers on ESG matters in our investment research process (we define “engagement” as discussions with management about ESG issues when they are, or we believe they are reasonably likely to become, material).
3. We will seek appropriate disclosure on ESG issues by the entities in which we invest.
AllianceBernstein Examples: Generally, we support transparency regarding ESG issues when we conclude the disclosure is reasonable. Similarly, in proxy voting, we will support shareholder initiatives and resolutions promoting ESG disclosure when we conclude the disclosure is reasonable.
4. We will promote acceptance and implementation of the Principles within the investment industry.
AllianceBernstein Examples: By signing the PRI, we have taken an important first step in promoting acceptance and implementation of the six Principles within our industry.
5. We will work together to enhance our effectiveness in implementing the Principles.
AllianceBernstein Examples: We will engage with clients and participate in forums with other PRI signatories to better understand how the PRI are applied in our respective businesses. As a PRI signatory, we have access to information, tools and other signatories to help ensure that we are effective in our endeavors to implement the PRI.
6. We will report on our activities and progress towards implementing the Principles.
AllianceBernstein Examples: We will respond to the 2012 PRI questionnaire and disclose PRI scores from the questionnaire in response to inquiries from clients and in requests for proposals; we will provide examples as requested concerning active ownership activities (voting, engagement or policy dialogue).
Our firm’s RI Committee provides AllianceBernstein stakeholders, including employees, clients, prospects, consultants and service providers alike, with a resource within our firm on which they can rely for information regarding our approach to ESG issues and how those issues are incorporated in different ways by the PRI and SRI. Additionally, the RI Committee is responsible for assisting AllianceBernstein personnel to further implement our firm’s RI policies and practices, and, over time, to make progress on implementing all six Principles.
The RI Committee has a diverse membership, including senior representatives from investments, distribution/sales and legal. The Committee is chaired by Linda Giuliano, Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer-Equities.
If you have questions or desire additional information about this Policy, we encourage you to contact the RI Committee at RIinquiries@alliancebernstein.com or reach out to a Committee member:
ITEM 8. PORTFOLIO MANAGERS OF CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
(a) (1) The management of, and investment decisions for, the Fund are made by the Invesetment Manager’s Alternative Investment Management Group.
The following table lists the individuals in that group with the most significant responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund (the “Portfolio Managers”), the year that each Portfolio Manager assumed responsibility for the Fund, and each Portfolio Manager’s person principal occupation during the past five years:
| | |
Employee; Length of Service; Title | | Principal Occupation During the Past Five (5) Years |
Marc H. Gamsin; since 2012; Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager | | Senior Vice President and Head – Alternative Investment Management Group of the Investment Manager, with which he has been associated in his current position since October, 2010. Previously, he was President of SunAmerica Alternative Investments beginning prior to 2007. |
Greg Outcalt; since 2012; Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager | | Senior Vice President and Deputy Chief Investment Officer – Alternative Investment Management Group of the Investment Manager, with which he has been associated in his current position since October, 2010. Previously, he was Executive Vice President of SunAmerica Alternative Investments beginning prior to 2007. |
(a) (2) The following tables provide information regarding registered investment companies other than the Fund, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts over which the Fund’s portfolio managers also have day-to-day management responsibilities. The tables provide the numbers of such accounts, the total assets in such accounts and the number of accounts and total assets whose fees are based on performance. The information is provided as of the Fund’s fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
| | | | | | | | |
REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANIES (excluding the Fund) |
Portfolio Manager | | Total Number of Registered Investment Companies Managed | | Total Assets of Registered Investment Companies Managed | | Number of Registered Investment Companies Managed with Performance- based Fees | | Total Assets of Registered Investment Companies Managed with Performance-based Fees |
Marc H. Gamsin | | 12 | | $1,424,000,000 | | None | | None |
Greg Outcalt | | 12 | | $1,424,000,000 | | None | | None |
| | | | | | | | |
POOLED INVESTMENT VEHICLES |
Portfolio Manager | | Total Number of Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed | | Total Assets of Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed | | Number of Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed with Performance-based Fees | | Total Assets of Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed with Performance- based Fees |
Marc H. Gamsin | | 23 | | $10,700,000,000 | | 10 | | $9,398,000,000 |
Greg Outcalt | | 23 | | $10,700,000,000 | | 10 | | $9,398,000,000 |
| | | | | | | | |
OTHER ACCOUNTS |
Portfolio Manager | | Total Number of Other Accounts Managed | | Total Assets of Other Accounts Managed | | Number of Other Accounts Managed with Performance- based Fees | | Total Assets of Other Accounts with Performance- based Fees |
Marc H. Gamsin | | None | | None | | None | | None |
Greg Outcalt | | None | | None | | None | | None |
Investment Professional Conflict of Interest Disclosure
As an investment adviser and fiduciary, the Adviser owes its clients and shareholders an undivided duty of loyalty. We recognize that conflicts of interest are inherent in our business and accordingly have developed policies and procedures (including oversight monitoring) reasonably designed to detect, manage and mitigate the effects of actual or potential conflicts of interest in the area of employee personal trading, managing multiple accounts for multiple clients, including AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds, and allocating investment opportunities. Investment professionals, including portfolio managers and research analysts, are subject to the above-mentioned policies and oversight monitoring to ensure that all clients are treated equitably. We place the interests of our clients first and expect all of our employees to meet their fiduciary duties.
Employee Personal Trading. The Adviser has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is designed to detect and prevent conflicts of interest when investment professionals and other personnel of the Adviser own, buy or sell securities which may be owned by, or bought or sold for, clients. Personal securities transactions by an employee may raise a potential conflict of interest when an employee owns or trades in a security that is owned or considered for purchase or sale by a client, or recommended for purchase or sale by an employee to a client. Subject to the reporting requirements and other limitations of its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, the Adviser permits its employees to engage in personal securities transactions, and also allows them to acquire investments in certain Funds managed by the Adviser. The Adviser’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics requires disclosure of all personal accounts and maintenance of brokerage accounts with designated broker-dealers approved by the Adviser. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics also requires preclearance of all securities transactions (except transactions in U.S. Treasuries and open-end mutual funds) and imposes a 90-day holding period for securities purchased by employees to discourage short-term trading.
Managing Multiple Accounts for Multiple Clients. The Adviser has compliance policies and oversight monitoring in place to address conflicts of interest relating to the management of multiple accounts for multiple clients. Conflicts of interest may arise when an investment professional has responsibilities for the investments of more than one account because the investment professional may be unable to devote equal time and attention to each account. The investment professional or investment professional teams for each client may have responsibilities for managing all or a portion of the investments of multiple accounts with a common investment strategy, including other registered investment companies, unregistered investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, pension plans, separate accounts, collective trusts and charitable foundations. Among other things, the Adviser’s policies and procedures provide for the prompt dissemination to investment professionals of initial or changed investment recommendations by analysts so that investment professionals are better able to develop investment strategies for all accounts they manage. In addition, investment decisions by investment professionals are reviewed for the purpose of maintaining uniformity among similar accounts and ensuring that accounts are treated equitably. Investment professional compensation reflects a
broad contribution in multiple dimensions to long-term investment success for our clients and is generally not tied specifically to the performance of any particular client’s account, nor is it generally tied directly to the level or change in level of assets under management.
Allocating Investment Opportunities. The investment professionals at the Adviser routinely are required to select and allocate investment opportunities among accounts. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures intended to address conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that information relevant to investment decisions is disseminated promptly within its portfolio management teams and investment opportunities are allocated equitably among different clients. The policies and procedures require, among other things, objective allocation for limited investment opportunities (e.g., on a rotational basis), and documentation and review of justifications for any decisions to make investments only for select accounts or in a manner disproportionate to the size of the account. Portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar accounts, which minimize the potential for conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities. Nevertheless, access to portfolios funds or other investment opportunities may be allocated differently among accounts due to the particular characteristics of an account, such as size of the account, cash position, tax status, risk tolerance and investment restrictions or for other reasons.
The Adviser’s procedures are also designed to address potential conflicts of interest that may arise when the Adviser has a particular financial incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, relating to an account. An investment professional may perceive that he or she has an incentive to devote more time to developing and analyzing investment strategies and opportunities or allocating securities preferentially to accounts for which the Adviser could share in investment gains.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
The Adviser’s compensation program for investment professionals is designed to align with clients’ interests, emphasizing each portfolio manager’s ability to generate long-term investment success for the Adviser’s clients, including the Fund. The Adviser also strives to ensure that compensation is competitive and effective in attracting and retaining the highest caliber employees.
Portfolio managers receive a base salary, incentive compensation and contributions to AllianceBernstein’s 401(k) plan. Part of the annual incentive compensation is generally paid in the form of a cash bonus, and part through an award under the firm’s Incentive Compensation Award Plan (ICAP). The ICAP awards vest over a four-year period. Deferred awards are paid in the form of restricted grants on the firm’s Master Limited Partnership Units, and award recipients have the ability to receive a portion of their awards in deferred cash. The amount of contributions to the 401(k) plan is determined at the sole discretion of the Adviser. On an annual basis, the Adviser endeavors to combine all of the foregoing elements into a total compensation package that considers industry compensation trends and is designed to retain its best talent.
The incentive portion of total compensation is determined by quantitative and qualitative factors. Quantitative factors, which are weighted more heavily, are driven by investment performance. Qualitative factors are driven by contributions to the investment process and client success.
The quantitative component includes measures of absolute, relative and risk-adjusted investment performance. Relative and risk-adjusted returns are determined based on the benchmark in the Fund’s prospectus and versus peers over one-, three- and five-year calendar periods, with more weight given to longer-time periods. Peer groups are chosen by Chief Investment Officers, who consult with the product management team to identify products most similar to our investment style and most relevant within the asset class. Portfolio managers of the Funds do not receive any direct compensation based upon the investment returns of any individual client account, and compensation is not tied directly to the level or change in level of assets under management.
Among the qualitative components considered, the most important include thought leadership, collaboration with other investment colleagues, contributions to risk-adjusted returns of other portfolios in the firm, efforts in mentoring and building a strong talent pool and being a good corporate citizen. Other factors that can play a part in determining portfolio managers’ compensation, such as the complexity of investment strategies managed, volume of assets managed and experience.
The Adviser emphasizes four behavioral competencies—relentlessness, ingenuity, team orientation and accountability—that support its mission to be the most trusted advisor to its clients. Assessments of investment professionals are formalized in a year-end review process that includes 360-degree feedback from other professionals from across the investment teams and the Adviser.
(a) (4) The dollar range of the Fund’s equity securities owned directly or beneficially by the Fund’s portfolio managers as of the Fund’s fiscal year ended March 31, 2015 is set forth below:
| | | | |
| | | | DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN THE FUND |
| | Marc H. Gamsin | | None |
| | Greg Outcalt | | $30,000-$40,000 |
ITEM 9. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANY AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.
There have been no purchases of equity securities by the Fund or by affiliated parties for the reporting period.
ITEM 10. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
There have been no material changes to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees to the Fund’s Board of Directors since the Fund last provided disclosure in response to this item.
ITEM 11. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
(a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-2(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended) are effective at the reasonable assurance level based on their evaluation of these controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this document.
(b) There were no changes in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 12. EXHIBITS.
The following exhibits are attached to this Form N-CSR:
| | |
EXHIBIT NO. | | DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT |
| |
12(a)(1) | | Code of Ethics that is subject to the disclosure of Item 2 hereof |
| |
12(b)(1) | | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| |
12(b)(2) | | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| |
12(c) | | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
(Registrant): AB Multi-Manager Alternative Fund, Inc.
| | |
By: | | /s/ Christopher J. Bricker |
| | Christopher J. Bricker |
| | President |
| |
Date: | | May 21, 2015 |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| | |
By: | | /s/ Christopher J. Bricker |
| | Christopher J. Bricker |
| | President |
| |
Date: | | May 21, 2015 |
| |
By: | | /s/ Joseph J. Mantineo |
| | Joseph J. Mantineo |
| | Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer |
| |
Date: | | May 21, 2015 |