For the three months ended March 31, 2023, investment income was $605 thousand, all of which was attributable to interest and fees on our debt investments and dividend income.
Expenses
Total expenses before expense reimbursement and incentive and management fee waivers for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $1.8 million, consisting primarily of professional fees, income based incentive fees, capital gains incentive fees, blue sky fees management fees, custodian and accounting fees, trustees’ fees, transfer agent’s fees and expenses, interest expense, pricing fees, shareholder’s reports, and other general and administrative fees. The increase in total expenses from the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily related to an increase in professional fees, interest expenses, management and incentive fees due to an increased cost of servicing a larger investment portfolio.
Total expenses before expense reimbursement for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $130 thousand, consisting primarily of custodian and accounting fees, trustees’ fees, professional fees, and other general and administrative fees.
The expense reimbursement amount represents the amount of expenses waived by the Manager in accordance with the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company accrued income based incentive fees of $220 thousand, all of which were subject to waiver by the Manager. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company did not accrue any incentive fees.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company accrued capital gains incentive fees of $34 thousand and $0, respectively, all of which were subject to waiver by the Manager. As of March 31, 2024, there were no capital gains incentive fees payable by the Company.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company accrued management fees of $336 thousand, all of which were subject to waiver by the Manager. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company did not accrue any management fees.
Income Taxes, Including Excise Taxes
The Company intends to elect to be treated as a RIC under the Code upon filing of the tax return on its statutory due date, commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2023. To qualify for and maintain qualification as a RIC, the Company must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements. In addition, to qualify for RIC tax treatment, the Company must distribute to its shareholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of the sum of (i) its “investment company taxable income” for that year (without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), which is generally its ordinary income plus the excess, if any, of its realized net short-term capital gains over its realized net long- term capital losses and (ii) its net tax-exempt income. So long as the Company maintains its status as a RIC, it generally will not pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes at least annually to its shareholders as dividends. Rather, any tax liability related to income earned and distributed by the Company would represent obligations of the Company’s shareholders and would not be reflected in the financial statements of the Company.
In addition, based on the excise tax distribution requirements, the Company is subject to a 4% nondeductible federal excise tax on undistributed income unless the Company distributes in a timely manner in each taxable year an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of capital gain net income (both long-term and short-term) for the one-year period ending October 31 in that calendar year and (3) any income realized, but not distributed, in prior years. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by the Company that is subject to corporate income tax is considered to have been distributed.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not incur any excise tax expense.
Net realized gain (loss) and Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation)
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company reported realized gains from foreign currency transactions of $9 thousand and $12 thousand, respectively, primarily as a result of fluctuations in the foreign currency. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company reported realized losses from forward foreign currency contracts of $(144) thousand and $0, respectively.