EXHIBIT (17)(a)(iv)
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION February 1, 2011 |
Eaton Vance California Municipal Income Fund Class A Shares - EACAX Class B Shares - EVCAX Class C Shares - ECCAX Class I Shares - EICAX Eaton Vance Massachusetts Municipal Income Fund Class A Shares - ETMAX Class C Shares - ECMMX Class I Shares - EIMAX Eaton Vance New York Municipal Income Fund Class A Shares - ETNYX Class B Shares - EVNYX Class C Shares - ECNYX Class I Shares - EINYX Eaton Vance Ohio Municipal Income Fund Class A Shares - ETOHX Class C Shares - ECOHX Class I Shares - EIOHX Eaton Vance Rhode Island Municipal Income Fund Class A Shares - ETRIX Class B Shares - EVRIX Class C Shares - ERICX Class I Shares - EIRIX |
Two International Place Boston, Massachusetts 02110 1-800-262-1122 |
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) provides general information about the Funds. Each Fund is a non-diversified, open-end management investment company. Each Fund is a series of Eaton Vance Municipals Trust (the “Trust”). Capitalized terms used in this SAI and not otherwise defined have the meanings given to them in the Prospectus.
This SAI contains additional information about:
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Strategies and Risks | 2 | Purchasing and Redeeming Shares | 21 |
Investment Restrictions | 8 | Sales Charges | 22 |
Management and Organization | 10 | Performance | 24 |
Investment Advisory and Administrative Services | 17 | Taxes | 26 |
Other Service Providers | 20 | Portfolio Securities Transactions | 30 |
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Calculation of Net Asset Value | 20 | Financial Statements | 32 |
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Appendix A: Class A Fees, Performance and Ownership | 33 | Appendix E: State Specific Information | 43 |
Appendix B: Class B Fees, Performance and Ownership | 36 | Appendix F: Ratings | 77 |
Appendix C: Class C Fees, Performance and Ownership | 38 | Appendix G: Eaton Vance Funds Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures | 86 |
Appendix D: Class I Performance and Ownership | 41 | Appendix H: Adviser Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures | 88 |
Although each Fund offers only its shares of beneficial interest, it is possible that a Fund (or Class) might become liable for a misstatement or omission in this SAI regarding another Fund (or Class) because the Funds use this combined SAI.
This SAI is NOT a prospectus and is authorized for distribution to prospective investors only if preceded or accompanied by the Fund Prospectus dated February 1, 2011, as supplemented from time to time, which is incorporated herein by reference. This SAI should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, which may be obtained by calling 1-800-262-1122.
© 2011 Eaton Vance Management
The following defined terms may be used herein: “SEC” for the Securities and Exchange Commission; “CFTC” for the Commodities Futures Trading Commission; “IRS” for the Internal Revenue Service; “Code” for the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; “1940 Act” for the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; “1933 Act” for the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; and “FINRA” for the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
Principal strategies are defined in the Prospectus. The following is a description of the various investment practices that may be engaged in, whether as a principal or secondary strategy, and a summary of certain attendant risks. The investment adviser(s) may not buy any of the following instruments or use any of the following techniques unless it believes that doing so will help achieve the investment objective(s).
Municipal Obligations. Municipal obligations are issued to obtain funds for various public and private purposes. Municipal obligations include bonds as well as tax-exempt commercial paper, project notes and municipal notes such as tax, revenue and bond anticipation notes of short maturity, generally less than three years. While most municipal bonds pay a fixed rate of interest semiannually in cash, there are exceptions. Some bonds pay no periodic cash interest, but rather make a single payment at maturity representing both principal and interest. Bonds may be issued or subsequently offered with interest coupons materially greater or less than those then prevailing, with price adjustments reflecting such deviation.
In general, there are three categories of municipal obligations, the interest on which is exempt from federal income tax and is not a tax preference item for purposes of the alternative minimum tax ("AMT"): (i) certain “public purpose” obligations (whenever issued), which include obligations issued directly by state and local governments or their agencies to fulfill essential governmental functions; (ii) certain obligations issued before August 8, 1986 for the benefit of non-governmental persons or entities; and (iii) certain “private activity bonds” issued after August 7, 1986 which include “qualified Section 501(c)(3) bonds” or refundings of certain obligations included in the second category. In assessing the federal income tax treatment of interest on any municipal obligation, each Fund will rely on an opinion of the issuer’s counsel (when available) and will not undertake any independent verification of the basis for the opinion.
Interest on certain “private activity bonds” issued after August 7, 1986 is exempt from regular federal income tax, but such interest (including a distribution by a Fund derived from such interest) is treated as a tax preference item which could subject the recipient to or increase the recipient’s liability for the AMT. For corporate shareholders, a Fund’s distributions derived from interest on all municipal obligations (whenever issued) are included in “adjusted current earnings” for purposes of the AMT as applied to corporations (to the extent not already included in alternative minimum taxable income as income attributable to private activity bonds).
The two principal classifications of municipal bonds are “general obligation” and “revenue” bonds. Issuers of general obligation bonds include states, counties, cities, towns and regional districts. The proceeds of these obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including the construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, water and sewer systems and a variety of other public purposes. The basic security of general obligation bonds is the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to rate and amount.
Revenue bonds are generally secured by the net revenues derived from a particular facility or group of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Revenue bonds have been issued to fund a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water, sewer and solid waste disposal systems; highways, bridges and tunnels; port, airport and parking facilities; transportation systems; housing facilities, colleges and universities and hospitals. Although the principal security behind these bonds varies widely, many lower rated bonds provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund whose monies may be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuer’s obligations. Housing finance authorities have a wide range of security including partially or fully insured, rent subsidized and/or collateralized mortgages, and/or the net revenues from housing or other public projects. In addition to a debt service reserve fund, some authorities provide further security in the form of a state’s ability (without legal obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund. Lease rental revenue bonds issued by a state or local authority for capital projects are normally secured by annual lease rental payments from the state or locality to the authority sufficient to cover debt service on the authority’s obligations. Such payments are usually subject to annual appropriations by the state or locality. Industrial development and pollution control bonds, although nominally issued by municipal authorities, are in most cases revenue bonds and are generally not secured by the taxing power of the municipality, but are usually secured by the revenues derived by the authority from payments of the industrial user or users. Each Fund may on occasion acquire revenue bonds which carry warrants or similar rights covering equity securities. Such warrants or rights may be held indefinitely, but if exercised, each Fund anticipates that it would, under normal circumstances, dispose of any equity securities so acquired within a reasonable period of time.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
The obligations of any person or entity to pay the principal of and interest on a municipal obligation are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Act, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. Certain bond structures may be subject to the risk that a taxing authority may issue an adverse ruling regarding tax-exempt status. There is also the possibility that as a result of adverse economic conditions (including unforeseen financial events, natural disasters and other conditions that may affect an issuer’s ability to pay its obligations), litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of any person or entity to pay when due principal of and interest on a municipal obligation may be materially affected or interest and principal previously paid may be required to be refunded. There have been recent instances of defaults and bankruptcies involving municipal obligations which were not foreseen by the financial and investment communities. Each Fund will take whatever action it considers appropriate in the event of anticipated financial difficulties, default or bankruptcy of either the issuer of any municipal obligation or of the underlying source of funds for debt service. Such action may include retaining the services of various persons or firms (including affiliates of the investment adviser) to evaluate or protect any real estate, facilities or other assets securing any such obligation or acquired by a Fund as a result of any such event, and a Fund may also manage (or engage other persons to manage) or otherwise deal with any real estate, facilities or other assets so acquired. Each Fund anticipates that real estate consulting and management services may be required with respect to properties securing various municipal obligations in its portfolio or subsequently acquired by each Fund. Each Fund will incur additional expenditures in taking protective action with respect to portfolio obligations in (or anticipated to be in) default and assets securing such obligations.
The yields on municipal obligations depend on a variety of factors, including purposes of the issue and source of funds for repayment, general money market conditions, general conditions of the municipal bond market, size of a particular offering, maturity of the obligation and rating of the issue. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch represent their opinions as to the quality of the municipal obligations which they undertake to rate, and in the case of insurers, other factors including the claims-paying ability of such insurer. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are based on judgment and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal obligations with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield. In addition, the market price of such obligations will normally fluctuate with changes in interest rates, and therefore the net asset value of a Fund will be affected by such changes.
Insured Obligations. Each Fund may purchase municipal obligations that are insured as to their scheduled payment of principal and interest. Although the insurance feature may reduce some financial risks, the premiums for insurance and the higher market price sometimes paid for insured obligations may reduce a Fund’s current yield. In addition, changes in the ratings of an insurer may affect the value of an insured obligation, and in some cases may even cause the value of a security to be less than a comparable uninsured obligation. The insurance does not guarantee the market value of the insured obligation or the net asset value of a Fund’s shares.
Geographic Concentration. For a discussion of the risks associated with investing in municipal obligations of issuers of a particular state or U.S. territory, see “Risks of Concentration” in Appendix E. Each Fund may invest a total of up to 35% of its net assets in the obligations of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam. Accordingly, a Fund may be adversely affected by local political and economic conditions and developments within Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam affecting the issuers of such obligations. Each Fund may also invest to a limited extent in obligations issued by the N. Mariana Territories and American Samoa.
Sector Concentration. Each Fund may invest 25% or more of its total assets in municipal obligations in certain sectors. There could be economic, business or political developments or court decisions that adversely affect all municipal obligations in the same sector. In particular, investments in revenue bonds might involve (without limitation) the following risks.
Hospital bond ratings are often based on feasibility studies which contain projections of expenses, revenues and occupancy levels. Among the influences affecting a hospital’s gross receipts and net income available to service its debt are demand for hospital services, the ability of the hospital to provide the services required, management capabilities, economic developments in the service area, efforts by insurers and government agencies to limit rates and expenses, confidence in the hospital, service area economic developments, competition, availability and expense of malpractice insurance, Medicaid and Medicare funding and possible federal legislation limiting the rates of increase of hospital charges.
Electric utilities face problems in financing large construction programs in an inflationary period, cost increases and delay occasioned by safety and environmental considerations (particularly with respect to nuclear facilities), difficulty in obtaining fuel at reasonable prices, and in achieving timely and adequate rate relief from regulatory commissions, effects of energy conservation and limitations on the capacity of the capital market to absorb utility debt.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Industrial development bonds (“IDBs”) are normally secured only by the revenues from the project and not by state or local government tax payments, they are subject to a wide variety of risks, many of which relate to the nature of the specific project. Generally, IDBs are sensitive to the risk of a slowdown in the economy.
Standard tobacco bonds are secured by a single source of revenue, installment payments made by tobacco companies stemming from the settlement of lawsuits brought against them by various states (the “Master Settlement Agreement”). Appropriation backed tobacco bonds are supported by the same Master Settlement Agreement payments as standard tobacco bonds, but are also subject to a state’s pledge that the governor will request an appropriation of funds in its annual budget for debt service if Master Settlement Agreement revenues are insufficient. These payments are not generally fixed but rather are tied to the volume of the company’s U.S. sales of cigarettes. Tobacco bonds are subject to several risks, including the risk that cigarette consumption declines or that a tobacco company defaults on its obligation to make payments to the state. Escrowed tobacco bonds no longer rely on Master Settlement Agreement revenue as security, and are backed by a variety of government securities.
The airline industry has historically exhibited volatility, with market disruptions, mergers and occasional bankruptcy filings. The industry has been prone to issues including, but not limited to, intense competition, labor and union conflicts and variable jet fuel and security costs. Court rulings have given some guidance to the viability of collateral structures. However, there is still uncertainty as to the strength of collateral pledged under various security systems.
Certain tax-exempt bonds issued by Native American tribes may be subject to the risk that a taxing authority would determine that the income from such bonds is not eligible for tax-exempt status. In the event of any final adverse ruling to this effect, holders of such bonds may be subject to penalties.
Credit Quality. While municipal obligations rated investment grade or below and comparable unrated municipal obligations may have some quality and protective characteristics, these characteristics can be expected to be offset or outweighed by uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions. Lower rated and comparable unrated municipal obligations are subject to the risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations (credit risk) and may also be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity (market risk). Lower rated or unrated municipal obligations are also more likely to react to real or perceived developments affecting market and credit risk than are more highly rated obligations, which react primarily to movements in the general level of interest rates.
Municipal obligations held by a Fund which are rated below investment grade but which, subsequent to the assignment of such rating, are backed by escrow accounts containing U.S. Government obligations may be determined by the investment adviser to be of investment grade quality for purposes of the Fund’s investment policies. A Fund may retain in its portfolio an obligation whose rating drops after its acquisition, including defaulted obligations, if such retention is considered desirable by the investment adviser; provided, however, that holdings of obligations rated below Baa or BBB will be no more than 35% of net assets and holdings rated below B will be no more than 10% of net assets. In the event the rating of an obligation held by a Fund is downgraded, causing the Fund to exceed the foregoing limitations, the investment adviser will (in an orderly fashion within a reasonable period of time) dispose of such obligations as it deems necessary in order to comply with each Fund’s credit quality limitations. In the case of a defaulted obligation, a Fund may incur additional expense seeking recovery of its investment. Defaulted obligations are denoted in the “Portfolio of Investments” in the “Financial Statements” included in the Fund’s reports to shareholders.
When a Fund invests in lower rated or unrated municipal obligations, the achievement of the Fund’s goals is more dependent on the investment adviser’s ability than would be the case if the Fund were investing in municipal obligations in the higher rating categories. In evaluating the credit quality of a particular issue, whether rated or unrated, the investment adviser may take into consideration, among other things, the financial resources of the issuer (or, as appropriate, of the underlying source of funds for debt service), its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, any operating history of and the community support for the facility financed by the issue, the ability of the issuer’s management and regulatory matters. The investment adviser may also purchase structured derivative products with greater or lesser credit risk than the underlying bonds. Such bonds may be rated investment grade, as well as below investment grade. For a description of municipal bond ratings, see Appendix F.
Municipal Leases. Each Fund may invest in municipal leases and participations therein, which arrangements frequently involve special risks. Municipal leases are obligations in the form of a lease, installment purchase or conditional sales contract (which typically provide for the title to the leased asset to pass to the governmental issuer) which is issued by state or local governments to acquire equipment and facilities. Interest income from such obligations is generally exempt from local and state taxes in the state of issuance. “Participations” in such leases are undivided interests in a portion of the total obligation. Participations entitle their holders to receive a pro rata share of all payments under the lease. The obligation of the issuer to meet its obligations under such leases is often subject to the appropriation by the appropriate legislative body, on an annual or other basis, of funds for the payment of the obligations. Investments in municipal leases are thus subject to the risk that the legislative body will not make the necessary appropriation and the issuer will not otherwise be willing or able to meet its obligation.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Certain municipal lease obligations owned by a Fund may be deemed illiquid for the purpose of the Fund’s 15% limitation on investments in illiquid securities, unless determined by the investment adviser, pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Trustees, to be liquid securities for the purpose of such limitation. In determining the liquidity of municipal lease obligations, the investment adviser will consider the factors it believes are relevant to the marketability of the obligation, to the extent that information regarding such factor is available to the investment adviser and pertinent to the liquidity determination, which may include: (1) the willingness of dealers to bid for the obligation; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the obligation and the number of other potential buyers; (3) the frequency of trades and quotes for the obligation; (4) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the obligation, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer; (5) the willingness of the governmental issuer to continue to appropriate funds for the payment of the obligation; (6) how likely or remote an event of nonappropriation may be, which depends in varying degrees on a variety of factors, including those relating to the general creditworthiness of the governmental issuer, its dependence on its continuing access to the credit markets, and the importance to the issuer of the equipment, property or facility covered by the lease or contract; (7) the rating, if any, assigned to the obligation and/or the governmental issuer by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization; (8) whether the obligation is insured as to the timely payment of principal and interest; and (9) all factors and information unique to the obligation in determining its liquidity. If the municipal lease obligation is insured as to the timely payment of principal and interest, or if the obligation has an investment grade rating (rated BBB or Baa or higher), the investment adviser will consider the obligation to be liquid. In the event a Fund acquires an unrated municipal lease obligation, the investment adviser will be responsible for determining the credit quality of such obligation on an ongoing basis, including an assessment of the likelihood that the lease may or may not be cancelled.
Zero Coupon Bonds. Zero coupon bonds are debt obligations which do not require the periodic payment of interest and are issued at a significant discount from face value. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until maturity at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of purchase. Each Fund is required to accrue income from zero coupon bonds on a current basis, even though it does not receive that income currently in cash, and each Fund is required to distribute that income for each taxable year. Thus, a Fund may have to sell other investments to obtain cash needed to make income distributions.
When-Issued Securities. New issues of municipal obligations are sometimes offered on a “when-issued” basis, that is, delivery and payment for the securities normally take place within a specified number of days after the date of a Fund’s commitment and are subject to certain conditions such as the issuance of satisfactory legal opinions. Each Fund may also purchase securities on a when-issued basis pursuant to refunding contracts in connection with the refinancing of an issuer’s outstanding indebtedness. Refunding contracts generally require the issuer to sell and a Fund to buy such securities on a settlement date that could be several months or several years in the future. Each Fund may also purchase instruments that give the Fund the option to purchase a municipal obligation when and if issued.
Each Fund will make commitments to purchase when-issued securities only with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but may sell such securities before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the securities are fixed at the time a Fund enters into the purchase commitment. When a Fund commits to purchase a security on a when-issued basis it records the transaction and reflects the value of the security in determining its net asset value. Securities purchased on a when-issued basis and the securities held by a Fund are subject to changes in value based upon the perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes in the level of interest rates (i.e., appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise). Therefore, to the extent that a Fund remains substantially fully invested at the same time that it has purchased securities on a when-issued basis, there will be greater fluctuations in the Fund’s net asset value than if it solely set aside cash to pay for when-issued securities.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. A change in the level of interest rates may affect the value of the securities held by a Fund (or of securities that a Fund expects to purchase). To hedge against changes in rates or as a substitute for the purchase of securities, a Fund may enter into (i) futures contracts for the purchase or sale of debt securities and (ii) futures contracts on securities indices. All futures contracts entered into by a Fund are traded on exchanges or boards of trade that are licensed and regulated by the CFTC and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm which is a member of the relevant exchange. Each Fund may purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts which are traded on a United States exchange or board of trade. Each Fund will be required, in connection with transactions in futures contracts and the writing of options on futures, to make margin deposits, which will be held by the futures commission merchant through whom the Fund engages in such futures and options transactions.
Some futures contracts and options thereon may become illiquid under adverse market conditions. In addition, during periods of market volatility, a commodity exchange may suspend or limit transactions in an exchange-traded instrument, which may make the instrument temporarily illiquid and difficult to price. Commodity exchanges may also establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or futures option can vary from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. This may prevent a Fund from closing out positions and limiting its losses.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Each Fund will engage in futures and related options transactions for either hedging or non-hedging purposes. Each Fund will determine that the price fluctuations in the futures contracts and options on futures used for hedging purposes are substantially related to price fluctuations in securities held by the Fund or which it expects to purchase. Each Fund will engage in transactions in futures and related options contracts only to the extent such transactions are consistent with the requirements of the Code, for maintaining qualification of a Fund as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. Each Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of a Commodity Pool Operator (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO.
Residual Interest Bonds. Each Fund may invest in residual interest bonds in a trust that holds municipal securities. The interest rate payable on a residual interest bond bears an inverse relationship to the interest rate on another security issued by the trust. Because changes in the interest rate on the other security inversely affect the interest paid on the residual interest bond, the value and income of a residual interest bond is generally more volatile than that of a fixed rate bond. Residual interest bonds have interest rate adjustment formulas which generally reduce or, in the extreme, eliminate the interest paid to a Fund when short-term interest rates rise, and increase the interest paid to a Fund when short-term interest rates fall. Residual interest bonds have varying degrees of liquidity, and the market for these securities is relatively volatile. These securities tend to underperform the market for fixed rate bonds in a rising long-term interest rate environment, but tend to outperform the market for fixed rate bonds when long-term interest rates decline. Although volatile, residual interest bonds typically offer the potential for yields exceeding the yields available on fixed rate bonds with comparable credit quality and maturity. These securities usually permit the investor to convert the floating rate to a fixed rate (normally adjusted downward), and this optional conversion feature may provide a partial hedge against rising rates if exercised at an opportune time. While residual interest bonds expose a Fund to leverage risk because they provide two or more dollars of bond market exposure for every dollar invested, they are not subject to a Fund’s restrictions on borrowings.
Under certain circumstances, a Fund may enter into a so-called shortfall and forbearance agreement with the sponsor of a residual interest bond held by the Fund. Such agreements commit a Fund to reimburse the sponsor of such residual interest bond, upon the termination of the trust issuing the residual interest bond, the difference between the liquidation value of the underlying security (which is the basis of the residual interest bond) and the principal amount due to the holders of the floating rate security issued in conjunction with the residual interest bond. Absent a shortfall and forebearance agreement, a Fund would not be required to make such a reimbursement. If a Fund chooses not to enter into such an agreement, the residual interest bond could be terminated and the Fund could incur a loss. A Fund’s investments in residual interest bonds and similar securities described in the Prospectus and this SAI will not be considered borrowing for purposes of a Fund’s restrictions on borrowing described herein and in the Prospectus.
Credit Derivatives. Each Fund may invest in credit default swaps, total return swaps or credit options. In a credit default swap, the buyer of credit protection (or seller of credit risk) agrees to pay the counterparty a fixed, periodic premium for a specified term. In return, the counterparty agrees to pay a contingent payment to the buyer in the event of an agreed upon credit occurrence with respect to a particular reference entity. In a total return swap, the buyer receives a periodic return equal to the total economic return of a specified security, securities or index, for a specified period of time. In return, the buyer pays the counterparty a variable stream of payments, typically based upon short term interest rates, possibly plus or minus an agreed upon spread. Credit options are options whereby the purchaser has the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a transaction involving either an asset with inherent credit risk or a credit derivative, at terms specified at the initiation of the option. Transactions in derivative instruments involve a risk of loss or depreciation due to: unanticipated adverse changes in securities prices, interest rates, indices, the other financial instruments’ prices or currency exchange rates; the inability to close out a position; default by the counterparty; imperfect correlation between a position and the desired hedge; tax constraints on closing out positions; and portfolio management constraints on securities subject to such transactions. Derivative instruments may sometimes increase or leverage exposure to a particular market risk, thereby increasing price volatility. The counterparties to many derivatives transactions are investment banks (or, if recently restructured, formerly categorized as investment banks), an industry that has recently experienced higher than normal bankruptcies. The risk of counterparty default increases in the event such counterparties undergo bankruptcy or are otherwise part of an industry affected by increased bankruptcy activity.
Redemption, Demand and Put Features and Put Options. Issuers of municipal obligations may reserve the right to call (redeem) the bond. If an issuer redeems securities held by a Fund during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds in securities providing the same investment return as the securities redeemed. Also, some bonds may have “put” or “demand” features that allow early redemption by the bondholder. Longer term fixed-rate bonds may give the holder a right to request redemption at certain times (often annually after the lapse of an intermediate term). These bonds are more defensive than conventional long term bonds (protecting to some degree against a rise in interest rates) while providing greater opportunity than comparable intermediate term bonds, because a Fund may retain the bond if interest rates decline.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Liquidity and Protective Put Options. Each Fund may enter into a separate agreement with the seller of the security or some other person granting the Fund the right to put the security to the seller thereof or the other person at an agreed upon price. Each Fund intends to limit this type of transaction to institutions (such as banks or securities dealers) which the investment adviser believes present minimal credit risks and would engage in this type of transaction to facilitate portfolio liquidity or (if the seller so agrees) to hedge against rising interest rates. There is no assurance that this kind of put option will be available to a Fund or that selling institutions will be willing to permit a Fund to exercise a put to hedge against rising interest rates. A Fund does not expect to assign any value to any separate put option which may be acquired to facilitate portfolio liquidity, inasmuch as the value (if any) of the put will be reflected in the value assigned to the associated security; any put acquired for hedging purposes would be valued in good faith under methods or procedures established by the Trustees after consideration of all relevant factors, including its expiration date, the price volatility of the associated security, the difference between the market price of the associated security and the exercise price of the put, the creditworthiness of the issuer of the put and the market prices of comparable put options. Interest income generated by certain bonds having put or demand features may be taxable.
OTC Options. Each Fund may enter into an agreement with a potential buyer of a municipal obligation that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a municipal obligation held by the Fund at a particular price in the future and is commonly referred to as an over-the-counter option or OTC option. Such agreements will be entered solely to help facilitate the selling of municipal obligations, for instance, if the buyer wishes to lock in a price for a particular municipal obligation subject to performing due diligence on the issue or issuer. The buyer may not pay a premium for such option. Each Fund may enter into such arrangements on up to 5% of the value of such Fund’s assets. There is a risk that the value of a municipal obligation underlying an option may appreciate above the value that the buyer has agreed to pay for the municipal obligation and therefore the Fund would not be entitled to the appreciation above such price. The staff of the SEC takes the position that certain purchased OTC options, and assets used as cover for written OTC options, are illiquid.
Variable Rate Obligations. Each Fund may purchase variable rate obligations. Variable rate instruments provide for adjustments in the interest rate at specified intervals (daily, weekly, monthly, semiannually, etc.) based on market conditions and the investor may have the right to “put” the security back to the issuer or its agent. Variable rate obligations normally provide that the holder can demand payment of the obligation on short notice at par with accrued interest and which are frequently secured by letters of credit or other support arrangements provided by banks. To the extent that such letters of credit or other arrangements constitute an unconditional guarantee of the issuer’s obligations, a bank may be treated as the issuer of a security for the purposes of complying with the diversification requirements set forth in Section 5(b) of the 1940 Act and Rule 5b-2 thereunder. A Fund would anticipate using these bonds as cash equivalents pending longer term investment of its funds.
Interest Rate Swaps and Forward Rate Contracts. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by a Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. A Fund will only enter into interest rate swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two payment streams are netted out with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Each Fund may also enter forward rate contracts. Under these contracts, the buyer locks in an interest rate at a future settlement date. If the interest rate on the settlement date exceeds the lock rate, the buyer pays the seller the difference between the two rates. If the lock rate exceeds the interest rate on the settlement date, the seller pays the buyer the difference between the two rates. Any such gain received by the Fund would be taxable.
If the other party to an interest rate swap or forward rate contract defaults, a Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements will be maintained in a segregated account by the Fund’s custodian. No Fund will enter into any interest rate swap or forward rate contract unless the claims-paying ability of the other party thereto is considered to be investment grade by the investment adviser. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. These instruments are traded in the over-the-counter market.
Illiquid Obligations. At times, a substantial portion of a Fund’s assets may be invested in securities as to which the Fund, by itself or together with other accounts managed by the investment adviser and its affiliates, holds a major portion or all of such securities. Under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, a Fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when the investment adviser believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. Under such circumstances, it may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing a Fund’s net asset value. Illiquid securities may also include those legally restricted as to resale, and securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A thereunder. Rule 144A securities may be treated as liquid securities if the investment adviser determines that such treatment is warranted. Even if determined to be liquid, holdings of these securities may increase the level of Fund illiquidity if eligible buyers become uninterested in purchasing them.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
The secondary market for some municipal obligations issued within a state (including issues which are privately placed with a Fund) is less liquid than that for taxable debt obligations or other more widely traded municipal obligations. No Fund will purchase illiquid securities if more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in securities that are not readily marketable. No established resale market exists for certain of the municipal obligations in which a Fund may invest. The market for obligations rated below investment grade is also likely to be less liquid than the market for higher rated obligations. As a result, a Fund may be unable to dispose of these municipal obligations at times when it would otherwise wish to do so at the prices at which they are valued.
Asset Coverage. To the extent required by SEC guidelines, each Fund will only engage in transactions that expose it to an obligation to another party if it owns either (1) an offsetting (“covered”) position for the same type of financial asset, or (2) cash or liquid securities, segregated with its custodian, with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations not covered as provided in (1). Assets used as cover or segregated with the custodian cannot be sold while the position(s) requiring cover is open unless replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, if a large portion of assets is segregated or committed as cover, it could impede portfolio management or the ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
ReFlow Liquidity Program. Each Fund may participate in the ReFlow liquidity program, which is designed to provide an alternative liquidity source for mutual funds experiencing net redemptions of their shares. Pursuant to the program, ReFlow Fund, LLC ("ReFlow") provides participating mutual funds with a source of cash to meet net shareholder redemptions by standing ready each business day to purchase fund shares up to the value of the net shares redeemed by other shareholders that are to settle the next business day. Following purchases of fund shares, ReFlow then generally redeems those shares when the fund experiences net sales, at the end of a maximum holding period determined by ReFlow (currently 28 days) or at other times at ReFlow’s discretion. While ReFlow holds fund shares, it will have the same rights and privileges with respect to those shares as any other shareholder. For use of the ReFlow service, a fund pays a fee to ReFlow each time it purchases fund shares, calculated by applying to the purchase amount a fee rate determined through an automated daily auction among participating mutual funds. The current minimum fee rate is 0.15% of the value of the fund shares purchased by ReFlow although the fund may submit a bid at a higher fee rate if it determines that doing so is in the best interest of fund shareholders. Such fee is allocated among a fund’s share classes based on relative net assets. ReFlow’s purchases of fund shares through the liquidity program are made on an investment-blind basis without regard to the fund’s objective, policies or anticipated performance. ReFlow will purchase Class A shares (or Class I shares for the California, Massachusetts and New York Funds) at net asset value and will not be subject to any sales charge, investment minimum or redemption fee applicable to such shares. Investments in a Fund by ReFlow in connection with the ReFlow liquidity program are not subject to the round trip limitation described in "Restrictions on Excessive Trading and Market Timing" under "Purchasing Shares" in the prospectus. In accordance with federal securities laws, ReFlow is prohibited from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding voting securities of a fund. The investment adviser believes that the program assists in stabilizing a Fund’s net assets to the benefit of the Fund and its shareholders. To the extent a Fund’s net assets do not decline, the investment adviser may also benefit.
Temporary Investments. Cash equivalents are highly liquid, short-term securities such as commercial paper, time deposits, certificates of deposit, short-term notes and short-term U.S. Government obligations. These securities may be subject to federal income, state income and/or other taxes.
Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund may sell (and later purchase) securities in anticipation of a market decline (a rise in interest rates) or purchase (and later sell) securities in anticipation of a market rise (a decline in interest rates). Securities may also be purchased and sold based on their relative value in the marketplace. A Fund cannot accurately predict its portfolio turnover rate, but it is anticipated that the annual portfolio turnover rate will generally not exceed 100% (excluding turnover of securities having a maturity of one year or less). A 100% annual turnover rate could occur, for example, if all the securities held by a Fund were replaced once in a period of one year. A high turnover rate (100% or more) necessarily involves greater expenses to a Fund. Historical turnover rate(s) are included in the Financial Highlights table(s) in the Prospectus.
The following investment restrictions of each Fund are designated as fundamental policies and as such cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of a Fund’s outstanding voting securities, which as used in this SAI means the lesser of: (a) 67% of the shares of a Fund present or represented by proxy at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present or represented at the meeting; or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a Fund. Accordingly, each Fund may not:
(1) | Borrow money or issue senior securities except as permitted by the 1940 Act; |
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(2) | Purchase securities on margin (but the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities). The deposit or payment by the Fund of initial or maintenance margin in connection with futures contracts or related options transactions is not considered the purchase of a security on margin; |
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
(3) | Underwrite or participate in the marketing of securities of others, except insofar as it may technically be deemed to be an underwriter in selling a portfolio security under circumstances which may require the registration of the same under the 1933 Act; |
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(4) | Purchase or sell real estate (including limited partnership interests in real estate but excluding readily marketable interests in real estate investment trusts or readily marketable securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate or securities which are secured by real estate); |
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(5) | Purchase or sell physical commodities or contracts for the purchase or sale of physical commodities; or |
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(6) | Make loans to any person except by (a) the acquisition of debt instruments and making portfolio investments, (b) entering into repurchase agreements and (c) lending portfolio securities. |
In connection with Restriction (1) above, the 1940 Act currently permits investment companies to borrow money so long as there is 300% asset coverage of the borrowing (i.e., borrowings do not exceed one-third of the investment company’s total assets after subtracting liabilities other than the borrowings). There is no current intent to borrow money, except for the limited purposes described in the prospectus.
Notwithstanding its investment policies and restrictions, each Fund may, in compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act, invest (i) all of its investable assets in an open-end management investment company with substantially the same investment objective(s), policies and restrictions as the Fund; or (ii) in more than one open-end management investment company sponsored by Eaton Vance or its affiliates, provided any such company has investment objective(s), policies and restrictions that are consistent with those of the Fund.
The following nonfundamental investment policies have been adopted by each Fund. A nonfundamental investment policy may be changed by the Trustees with respect to a Fund without approval by the Fund’s shareholders. Each Fund will not:
- make short sales of securities or maintain a short position, unless at all times when a short position is open (i) it owns an equal amount of such securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable, without payment of any further consideration, for securities of the same issue as, and equal in amount to, the securities sold short or (ii) it holds in a segregated account cash or other liquid securities (to the extent required under the 1940 Act) in an amount equal to the current market value of the securities sold short, and unless not more than 25% of its net assets (taken at current value) is held as collateral for such sales at any one time; or
- invest more than 15% of net assets in investments which are not readily marketable, including restricted securities and repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days. Restricted securities for the purposes of this limitation do not include securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of said Act that the Board of Trustees, or its delegate, determines to be liquid. Any such determination by a delegate will be made pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board. When investing in Rule 144A securities, the level of portfolio illiquidity may be increased to the extent that eligible buyers become uninterested in purchasing such securities.
No Fund will invest 25% or more of its total assets in any one industry. For purposes of the foregoing policy, securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies, or instrumentalities are not considered to represent industries. Municipal obligations backed by the credit of a governmental entity are also not considered to represent industries. However, municipal obligations backed only by the assets and revenues of non-governmental users may for this purpose be deemed to be issued by such non-governmental users. The foregoing 25% limitation would apply to these issuers. As discussed in the prospectus and this SAI, a Fund may invest more than 25% of its total assets in certain economic sectors, such as revenue bonds, housing, hospitals and other health care facilities, utilities and industrial development bonds.
For purposes of a Fund’s investment restrictions and diversification status, the determination of the “issuer” of any obligation, including residual interest bonds, will be made by the Fund’s investment adviser on the basis of the characteristics of the obligation and other relevant factors, the most significant of which is the source of funds committed to meeting interest and principal payments of such obligations. A Fund’s investments in residual interest bonds and similar securities described in the prospectus and this SAI will not be considered borrowing for purposes of a Fund’s restrictions on borrowing described herein and in the prospectus.
Whenever an investment policy or investment restriction set forth in the Prospectus or this SAI states a maximum percentage of assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or describes a policy regarding quality standards, such percentage limitation or standard shall be determined immediately after and as a result of the acquisition by a Fund of such security or asset. Accordingly, any later increase or decrease resulting from a change in values, assets or other circumstances or any subsequent rating change made by a rating service (or as determined by the investment adviser if the security is not rated by a rating agency),
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
will not compel a Fund to dispose of such security or other asset. However, a Fund must always be in compliance with the borrowing policy and limitation on investing in illiquid securities set forth above. If a sale of securities is required to comply with the 15% limit on illiquid securities, such sales will be made in an orderly manner with consideration of the best interests of shareholders.
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION |
Fund Management. The Trustees of the Trust are responsible for the overall management and supervision of the affairs of the Trust. The Trustees and officers of the Trust are listed below. Except as indicated, each individual has held the office shown or other offices in the same company for the last five years. Trustees and officers of the Trust hold indefinite terms of office. The “Noninterested Trustees” consist of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as that term is defined under the 1940 Act. The business address of each Trustee and officer is Two International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. As used in this SAI, “EVC” refers to Eaton Vance Corp., “EV” refers to Eaton Vance, Inc. and “EVD” refers to Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (see "Principal Underwriter" under "Other Service Providers"). EVC and EV are the corporate parent and trustee, respectively, of Eaton Vance and BMR. Each officer affiliated with Eaton Vance may hold a position with other Eaton Vance affiliates that is comparable to his or her position with Eaton Vance listed below.
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| | | | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee(1) | |
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| Trust Position(s) | Term of Office and Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years and Other Relevant Experience | Other Directorships Held During Last Five Years(2) |
Name and Year of Birth |
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Interested Trustee | | | | | |
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THOMAS E. FAUST JR. | Trustee | Since 2007 | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of EVC, Director and | 175 | Director of EVC. |
1958 | | | President of EV, Chief Executive Officer and President of Eaton Vance | | |
| | | and BMR, and Director of EVD. Trustee and/or officer of 175 | | |
| | | registered investment companies and 1 private investment company | | |
| | | managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. Mr. Faust is an interested person | | |
| | | because of his positions with BMR, Eaton Vance, EVC, EVD and EV, | | |
| | | which are affiliates of the Trust. | | |
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Noninterested Trustees | | | | | |
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BENJAMIN C. ESTY | Trustee | Since 2005 | Roy and Elizabeth Simmons Professor of Business Administration and | 175 | None |
1963 | | | Finance Unit Head, Harvard University Graduate School of Business | | |
| | | Administration. | | |
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ALLEN R. FREEDMAN | Trustee | Since 2007 | Private Investor and Consultant. Former Chairman (2002-2004) and | 175 | Director of Assurant, Inc. |
1940 | | | a Director (1983-2004) of Systems & Computer Technology Corp. | | (insurance provider), and |
| | | (provider of software to higher education). Formerly, a Director of | | Stonemor Partners L.P. (owner |
| | | Loring Ward International (fund distributor) (2005-2007). Formerly, | | and operator of cemeteries). |
| | | Chairman and a Director of Indus International, Inc. (provider of | | |
| | | enterprise management software to the power generating industry) | | |
| | | (2005-2007). | | |
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WILLIAM H. PARK | Trustee | Since 2003 | Chief Financial Officer, Aveon Group, L.P. (an investment management | 175 | None |
1947 | | | firm) (since 2010). Formerly Vice Chairman, Commercial Industrial | | |
| | | Finance Corp. (specialty finance company) (2006-2010). Formerly, | | |
| | | President and Chief Executive Officer, Prizm Capital Management, LLC | | |
| | | (investment management firm) (2002-2005). Formerly, Executive | | |
| | | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, United Asset Management | | |
| | | Corporation (an institutional investment management firm) (1982- | | |
| | | 2001). Formerly, Senior Manager, Price Waterhouse (now | | |
| | | PricewaterhouseCoopers) (an independent registered public | | |
| | | accounting firm) (1972-1981). | | |
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RONALD A. PEARLMAN | Trustee | Since 2003 | Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. Formerly, | 175 | None |
1940 | | | Deputy Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy) and Assistant Secretary (Tax | | |
| | | Policy), U.S. Department of the Treasury (1983-1985). Formerly, | | |
| | | Chief of Staff, Joint Committee on Taxation, U.S. Congress (1988- | | |
| | | 1990). | | |
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
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| | | | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee(1) | |
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| Trust Position(s) | Term of Office and Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years and Other Relevant Experience | Other Directorships Held During Last Five Years(2) |
Name and Year of Birth |
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HELEN FRAME PETERS | Trustee | Since 2008 | Professor of Finance, Carroll School of Management, Boston College. | 175 | Director of BJ’s Wholesale Club, |
1948 | | | Formerly, Dean, Carroll School of Management, Boston College | | Inc. (wholesale club retailer). |
| | | (2000-2002). Formerly, Chief Investment Officer, Fixed Income, | | Formerly, Trustee of SPDR Index |
| | | Scudder Kemper Investments (investment management firm) (1998- | | Shares Funds and SPDR Series |
| | | 1999). Formerly, Chief Investment Officer, Equity and Fixed Income, | | Trust (exchange traded funds) |
| | | Colonial Management Associates (investment management firm) | | (2000-2009). Formerly, Director |
| | | (1991-1998). | | of Federal Home Loan Bank of |
| | | | | Boston (a bank for banks) (2007- |
| | | | | 2009). |
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LYNN A. STOUT | Trustee | Since 1998 | Paul Hastings Professor of Corporate and Securities Law (since 2006) | 175 | None |
1957 | | | and Professor of Law (2001-2006), University of California at Los | | |
| | | Angeles School of Law. Professor Stout teaches classes in corporate | | |
| | | law and securities regulation and is the author of numerous | | |
| | | academic and professional papers on these areas. | | |
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RALPH F. VERNI | Chairman of | Chairman of | Consultant and private investor. Formerly, Chief Investment Officer | 175 | None |
1943 | the Board and | the Board | (1982-1992), Chief Financial Officer (1988-1990) and Director | | |
| Trustee | since 2007 | (1982-1992), New England Life. Formerly, Chairperson, New England | | |
| | and Trustee | Mutual Funds (1982-1992). Formerly, President and Chief Executive | | |
| | since 2005 | Officer, State Street Management & Research (1992-2000). Formerly, | | |
| | | Chairperson, State Street Research Mutual Funds (1992-2000). | | |
| | | Formerly, Director, W.P. Carey, LLC (1998-2004) and First Pioneer | | |
| | | Farm Credit Corp. (2002-2006). | | |
(1) | Includes both master and feeder funds in a master-feeder structure. |
(2) | During their respective tenures, the Trustees also served as trustees of one or more of the following Eaton Vance funds (which operated in the years noted): Eaton Vance Credit Opportunities Fund (launched in 2005 and terminated in 2010); Eaton Vance Insured Florida Plus Municipal Bond Fund (launched in 2002 and terminated in 2009); and Eaton Vance National Municipal Income Fund (launched in 1998 and terminated in 2009). |
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Principal Officers who are not Trustees | | | | |
| | Term of Office and | | |
Name and Year of Birth | Trust Position(s) | Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
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THOMAS M. METZOLD | President | Since 2010 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 52 registered investment companies managed |
1958 | | | by Eaton Vance or BMR. | |
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WILLIAM H. AHERN, JR. | Vice President | Since 2004 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 74 registered investment companies |
1959 | | | managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. | |
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CRAIG R. BRANDON | Vice President | Since 2004 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 47 registered investment companies |
1966 | | | managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. | |
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CYNTHIA J. CLEMSON | Vice President | Since 2004 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 90 registered investment companies |
1963 | | | managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. | |
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ADAM A. WEIGOLD | Vice President | Since 2007 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 69 registered investment companies |
1975 | | | managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. | |
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BARBARA E. CAMPBELL | Treasurer | Since 2005 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 175 registered investment companies |
1957 | | | managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. | |
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MAUREEN A. GEMMA | Secretary and Chief Legal | Secretary since 2007 and | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 175 registered investment companies |
1960 | Officer | Chief Legal Officer since | managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. | |
| | 2008 | | |
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PAUL M. O’NEIL | Chief Compliance Officer | Since 2004 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 175 registered investment companies |
1953 | | | managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. | |
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Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds | 11 | SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
The Board of Trustees has general oversight responsibility with respect to the business and affairs of the Trust and each Fund. The Board has engaged an investment adviser and (if applicable) a sub-adviser (collectively the "adviser") to manage each Fund and an administrator to administer each Fund and is responsible for overseeing such adviser and administrator and other service providers to the Trust and the Fund. The Board is currently composed of eight Trustees, including seven Trustees who are not "interested persons" of a Fund, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (each an “Independent Trustee”). In addition to eight regularly scheduled meetings per year, the Board holds special meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may require action prior to the next regular meeting. As discussed below, the Board has established five committees to assist the Board in performing its oversight responsibilities.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s primary role is to participate in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the identification of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. The Chairman also presides at all meetings of the Board and acts as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust or By-laws, the designation of Chairman does not impose on such Independent Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that is greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board, generally.
The Funds and the Trust are subject to a number of risks, including, among others, investment, compliance, operational, and valuation risks. Risk oversight is part of the Board’s general oversight of the Funds and the Trust and is addressed as part of various activities of the Board of Trustees and its Committees. As part of its oversight of the Funds and Trust, the Board directly, or through a Committee, relies on and reviews reports from, among others, Fund management, the adviser, the administrator, the principal underwriter, the Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”), and other Fund service providers responsible for day-to-day oversight of Fund investments, operations and compliance to assist the Board in identifying and understanding the nature and extent of risks and determining whether, and to what extent, such risks can be mitigated. The Board also interacts with the CCO and with senior personnel of the adviser, administrator, principal underwriter and other Fund service providers and provides input on risk management issues during meetings of the Board and its Committees. Each of the adviser, administrator, principal underwriter and the other Fund service providers has its own, independent interest and responsibilities in risk management, and its policies and methods for carrying out risk management functions will depend, in part, on its individual priorities, resources and controls. It is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Moreover, it is necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve each Fund’s goals.
The Board, with the assistance of management and with input from the Board's various committees, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of Fund performance. The Board has appointed a Fund Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of each Fund compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Funds and their principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of the advisory, subadvisory (if applicable), distribution and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of their operations and the functions for which they are responsible. With respect to valuation, the Board approves and periodically reviews valuation policies and procedures applicable to valuing each Fund’s shares. The administrator, the investment adviser and the sub-adviser (if applicable) are responsible for the implementation and day-to-day administration of these valuation policies and procedures and provides reports periodically to the Board regarding these and related matters. In addition, the Board or the Audit Committee of the Board receives reports periodically from the independent public accounting firm for the Funds regarding tests performed by such firm on the valuation of all securities, as well as with respect to other risks associated with mutual funds. Reports received from service providers, legal counsel and the independent public accounting firm assist the Board in performing its oversight function.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust does not set forth any specific qualifications to serve as a Trustee. The Charter of the Governance Committee also does not set forth any specific qualifications, but does set forth certain factors that the Committee may take into account in considering Independent Trustee candidates. In general, no one factor is decisive in the selection of an individual to join the Board. Among the factors the Board considers when concluding that an individual should serve on the Board are the following: (i) knowledge in matters relating to the mutual fund industry; (ii) experience as a director or senior officer of public companies; (iii) educational background; (iv) reputation for high ethical standards and professional integrity; (v) specific financial, technical or other expertise, and the extent to which such expertise would complement the Board of Trustees’ existing mix of skills, core competencies and qualifications; (vi) perceived ability to contribute to the ongoing functions of the Board of Trustees, including the ability and commitment to attend meetings regularly and work collaboratively with other members of the Board of Trustees; (vii) the ability to qualify as an Independent Trustee for purposes of the 1940 Act and any other actual or potential conflicts of interest involving the individual and the Fund; and (viii) such other factors as the Board determines to be relevant in light of the existing composition of the Board of Trustees.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Among the attributes or skills common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the other Trustees, management, sub-advisers, other service providers, counsel and independent registered public accounting firms, and to exercise effective and independent business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. Each Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively has been attained through the Trustee’s business, consulting, public service and/or academic positions and through experience from service as a Board member in the Eaton Vance Group of Funds (and/or in other capacities, including for any predecessor funds), public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations as set forth below. Each Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively also has been enhanced by his or her educational background, professional training, and/or other life experiences.
In respect of each current Trustee, the individual’s substantial professional accomplishments and experience, including in fields related to the operations of the Eaton Vance Group of Funds, were a significant factor in the determination that the individual should serve as a Trustee. The following is a summary of each Trustee’s particular professional experience and additional considerations that contributed to the Board’s conclusion that he or she should serve as a Trustee:
Benjamin C. Esty. Mr. Esty has served as a Trustee in the Eaton Vance Group of Funds since 2005 and is the Chairperson of the Portfolio Management Committee. He is the Roy and Elizabeth Simmons Professor of Business Administration and Finance Unit Head at the Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration.
Thomas E. Faust Jr. Mr. Faust has served as a Trustee in the Eaton Vance Group of Funds since 2007. He is currently Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of EVC, Director and President of EV, Chief Executive Officer and President of Eaton Vance and BMR, and Director of EVD.
Allen R. Freedman. Mr. Freedman has served as a Trustee in the Eaton Vance Group of Funds since 2007. Mr. Freedman also serves as a Director of Assurant, Inc. and Stonemor Partners L.P. Mr. Freedman was previously a Director of Systems & Computer Technology Corp. from 1983-2004 and Chairman from 2002-2004, a Director of Loring Ward International from 2005-2007 and Chairman and a Director of Indus International, Inc. from 2005-2007. Mr. Freedman was formerly the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Fortis, Inc. (predecessor to Assurant, Inc.), a specialty insurance company he founded in 1978 and from which he retired in 2000. Mr. Freedman also previously served as a Director of the Fortis Mutual Funds. Mr. Freedman is a founding director of the Association of Audit Committee Members, Inc.
William H. Park. Mr. Park has served as a Trustee in the Eaton Vance Group of Funds since 2003 and is the Chairperson of the Audit Committee. He has been Chief Financial Officer of Aveon Group, L.P. since 2010. Previously, Mr. Park served as Vice Chairman of Commercial Industrial Finance Corp. from 2006-2010, as President and Chief Executive Officer of Prizm Capital Management, LLC from 2002-2005, as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of United Asset Management Corporation from 1982-2001 and as Senior Manager of Price Waterhouse (now PricewaterhouseCoopers) from 1972-1981.
Ronald A. Pearlman. Mr. Pearlman has served as a Trustee in the Eaton Vance Group of Funds since 2003 and is the Chairperson of the Compliance Reports and Regulatory Matters Committee. He is a Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center. Previously, Mr. Pearlman was Deputy Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy) and Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy), U.S. Department of the Treasury from 1983-1985 and served as Chief of Staff, Joint Committee on Taxation, U.S. Congress from 1988-1990.
Helen Frame Peters. Ms. Peters has served as a Trustee in the Eaton Vance Group of Funds since 2008. She is currently a Professor of Finance at Carroll School of Management, Boston College and a Director of BJ’s Wholesale Club, Inc. Formerly, Ms. Peters was the Dean of Carroll School of Management, Boston College from 2000-2002. In addition, Ms. Peters was the Chief Investment Officer, Fixed Income at Scudder Kemper Investments from 1998-1999 and Chief Investment Officer, Equity and Fixed Income at Colonial Management Associates from 1991-1998. Ms. Peters also served as a Trustee of SPDR Index Shares Funds and SPDR Series Trust from 2000-2009 and as a Director of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston from 2007-2009.
Lynn A. Stout. Ms. Stout has served as a Trustee in the Eaton Vance Group of Funds since 1998 and is the Chairperson of the Governance Committee. She has been the Paul Hastings Professor of Corporate and Securities Law at the University of California at Los Angeles School of Law since 2006. Previously, Ms. Stout was Professor of Law at the University of California at Los Angeles School from 2001-2006.
Ralph F. Verni. Mr. Verni has served as a Trustee in the Eaton Vance Group of Funds since 2005 and is the Independent Chairperson of the Board and the Chairperson of the Contract Review Committee. Mr. Verni was formerly the Chief Investment Officer (from 1982-1992), Chief Financial Officer (from 1988-1990) and Director (from 1982-1992) of New England Life. Mr. Verni was also the Chairperson of the New England Mutual Funds from 1982-1992; President and Chief Executive Officer of State Street Management & Research from 1992-2000; Chairperson of the State Research Mutual Funds from 1992-2000; Director of W.P. Carey, LLC from 1998-2004; and Director of First Pioneer Farm Credit Corp. from 2002-2006.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
The Board of Trustees of the Trust have several standing Committees, including the Governance Committee, the Audit Committee, the Portfolio Management Committee, the Compliance Reports and Regulatory Matters Committee and the Contract Review Committee. Each of the Committees are comprised of only noninterested Trustees.
Mmes. Stout (Chair) and Peters, and Messrs. Esty, Freedman, Park, Pearlman and Verni are members of the Governance Committee. The purpose of the Governance Committee is to consider, evaluate and make recommendations to the Board of Trustees with respect to the structure, membership and operation of the Board of Trustees and the Committees thereof, including the nomination and selection of noninterested Trustees and a Chairperson of the Board of Trustees and the compensation of such persons. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the Governance Committee convened five times.
The Governance Committee will, when a vacancy exists or is anticipated, consider any nominee for noninterested Trustee recommended by a shareholder if such recommendation is submitted in writing to the Governance Committee, contains sufficient background information concerning the candidate, including evidence the candidate is willing to serve as a noninterested Trustee if selected for the position, and is received in a sufficiently timely manner.
Messrs. Park (Chair) and Verni, and Mmes. Peters and Stout are members of the Audit Committee. The Board of Trustees has designated Mr. Park, a noninterested Trustee, as audit committee financial expert. The Audit Committee’s purposes are to (i) oversee each Fund’s accounting and financial reporting processes, its internal control over financial reporting, and, as appropriate, the internal control over financial reporting of certain service providers; (ii) oversee or, as appropriate, assist Board oversight of the quality and integrity of each Fund’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) oversee, or, as appropriate, assist Board oversight of, each Fund’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to each Fund’s accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting and independent audits; (iv) approve prior to appointment the engagement and, when appropriate, replacement of the independent registered public accounting firm, and, if applicable, nominate the independent registered public accounting firm to be proposed for shareholder ratification in any proxy statement of a Fund; (v) evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm and the audit partner in charge of leading the audit; and (vi) prepare, as necessary, audit committee reports consistent with the requirements of applicable SEC and stock exchange rules for inclusion in the proxy statement of a Fund. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the Audit Committee convened sixteen times.
Messrs. Verni (Chair), Esty, Freedman, Park and Pearlman, and Ms. Peters are currently members of the Contract Review Committee. The purposes of the Contract Review Committee are to consider, evaluate and make recommendations to the Board of Trustees concerning the following matters: (i) contractual arrangements with each service provider to the Funds, including advisory, sub-advisory, transfer agency, custodial and fund accounting, distribution services and administrative services; (ii) any and all other matters in which any service provider (including Eaton Vance or any affiliated entity thereof) has an actual or potential conflict of interest with the interests of the Funds, or investors therein; and (iii) any other matter appropriate for review by the noninterested Trustees, unless the matter is within the responsibilities of the other Committees of the Board of Trustees. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the Contract Review Committee convened eight times.
Messrs. Esty (Chair) and Freedman, and Ms. Peters are currently members of the Portfolio Management Committee. The purposes of the Portfolio Management Committee are to: (i) assist the Board of Trustees in its oversight of the portfolio management process employed by the Funds and their investment adviser and sub-adviser(s), if applicable, relative to the Funds’ stated objective(s), strategies and restrictions; (ii) assist the Board of Trustees in its oversight of the trading policies and procedures and risk management techniques applicable to the Funds; and (iii) assist the Board of Trustees in its monitoring of the performance results of all funds and portfolios, giving special attention to the performance of certain funds and portfolios that it or the Board of Trustees identifies from time to time. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the Portfolio Management Committee convened nine times.
Messrs. Pearlman (Chair) and Park, and Ms. Stout are currently members of the Compliance Reports and Regulatory Matters Committee. The purposes of the Compliance Reports and Regulatory Matters Committee are to: (i) assist the Board of Trustees in its oversight role with respect to compliance issues and certain other regulatory matters affecting the Funds; (ii) serve as a liaison between the Board of Trustees and the Funds’ CCO; and (iii) serve as a “qualified legal compliance committee” within the rules promulgated by the SEC. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the Compliance Reports and Regulatory Matters Committee convened fourteen times.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Share Ownership. The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in each Fund and in all Eaton Vance Funds overseen by the Trustee as of December 31, 2010.
| | | | | | | | |
| Dollar Range of Equity Securities Owned by |
| Benjamin C. | Thomas E. | Allen R. | William H. | Ronald A. | Helen Frame | Lynn A. | Ralph F. |
Fund Name | Esty(2) | Faust Jr.(1) | Freedman(2) | Park(2) | Pearlman(2) | Peters(2) | Stout(2) | Verni(2) |
California Fund | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Massachusetts Fund | $50,001 - $100,000 | $10,001 - $50,000 | None | None | None | None | None | $10,001 - $50,000 |
New York Fund | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Ohio Fund | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Rhode Island Fund | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Aggregate Dollar Range | | | | | | | | |
of Equity Securities | | | | | | | | |
Owned in all Registered | | | | | | | | |
Funds Overseen by | | | | | | | | |
Trustee in the Eaton | | | | | | | | |
Vance Family of Funds | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000(3) | over $100,000(3) |
(1) | Interested Trustee |
(2) | Noninterested Trustees |
(3) | Includes shares which may be deemed to be beneficially owned through the Trustee Deferred Compensation Plan. |
As of December 31, 2010, no Noninterested Trustee or any of their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any class of securities of EVC, EVD or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with EVC or EVD.
During the calendar years ended December 31,2009 and December 31, 2010, no noninterested Trustee (or their immediate family members) had:
(1) | Any direct or indirect interest in Eaton Vance, EVC, EVD or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with EVC or EVD; |
| |
(2) | Any direct or indirect material interest in any transaction or series of similar transactions with (i) the Trust or any Fund; (ii) another fund managed by EVC, distributed by EVD or a person controlling, controlled by or under common control with EVC or EVD; (iii) EVC or EVD; (iv) a person controlling, controlled by or under common control with EVC or EVD; or (v) an officer of any of the above; or |
| |
(3) | Any direct or indirect relationship with (i) the Trust or any Fund; (ii) another fund managed by EVC, distributed by EVD or a person controlling, controlled by or under common control with EVC or EVD; (iii) EVC or EVD; (iv) a person controlling, controlled by or under common control with EVC or EVD; or (v) an officer of any of the above. |
During the calendar years ended December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010, no officer of EVC, EVD or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with EVC or EVD served on the Board of Directors of a company where a noninterested Trustee of the Trust or any of their immediate family members served as an officer.
Trustees of the Funds who are not affiliated with the investment adviser may elect to defer receipt of all or a percentage of their annual fees in accordance with the terms of a Trustees Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Trustees’ Plan”). Under the Trustees’ Plan, an eligible Trustee may elect to have his or her deferred fees invested by the Funds in the shares of one or more funds in the Eaton Vance Family of Funds, and the amount paid to the Trustees under the Trustees’ Plan will be determined based upon the performance of such investments. Deferral of Trustees’ fees in accordance with the Trustees’ Plan will have a negligible effect on the assets, liabilities, and net income per share of the Funds, and will not obligate the Funds to retain the services of any Trustee or obligate the Funds to pay any particular level of compensation to the Trustee. The Trust does not have a retirement plan for Trustees.
The fees and expenses of the Trustees of the Trust are paid by the Funds (and other series of the Trust). (A Trustee of the Trust who is a member of the Eaton Vance organization receives no compensation from the Trust.) During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the Trustees of the Trust earned the following compensation in their capacities as Trustees from the Trust. For the year ended December 31, 2010, the Trustees earned the following compensation in their capacities as Trustees of the funds in the Eaton Vance fund complex(1):
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
| | | | | | | |
| Benjamin C. | Allen R. | William H. | Ronald A. | Helen Frame | Lynn A. | Ralph F. |
Source of Compensation | Esty | Freedman | Park | Pearlman | Peters(1) | Stout | Verni |
Trust(2) | $21,499 | $19,629 | $21,499 | $21,499 | $19,629 | $21,499 | $30,379 |
Trust and Fund Complex(1) | $230,000 | $210,000 | $230,000 | $230,000 | $210,000 | $230,000(3) | $325,000(4) |
(1) | As of February 1, 2011, the Eaton Vance fund complex consists of 175 registered investment companies or series thereof. Heidi L. Steiger resigned as a Trustee effective November 29, 2010. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, Ms. Steiger received Trustees fees of $19,629. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2010, she received $210,000 from the Trust and Fund Complex. |
(2) | The Trust consisted of 25 Funds as of September 30, 2010. |
(3) | Includes $45,000 of deferred compensation. |
(4) | Includes $162,500 of deferred compensation. |
Organization. Each Fund is a series of the Trust, which was organized under Massachusetts law on September 30, 1985 and is operated as an open-end management investment company. Prior to December 1, 2009, each Fund’s name was Eaton Vance [State] Municipals Fund. The Trust may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest (no par value per share) in one or more series (such as a Fund). The Trustees of the Trust have divided the shares of each Fund into multiple classes. Each class represents an interest in a Fund, but is subject to different expenses, rights and privileges. The Trustees have the authority under the Declaration of Trust to create additional classes of shares with differing rights and privileges. When issued and outstanding, shares are fully paid and nonassessable by the Trust. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held. Fractional shares may be voted proportionately. Shares of a Fund will be voted together except that only shareholders of a particular class may vote on matters affecting only that class. Shares have no preemptive or conversion rights and are freely transferable. In the event of the liquidation of a Fund, shareholders of each class are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets attributable to that class available for distribution to shareholders.
As permitted by Massachusetts law, there will normally be no meetings of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees unless and until such time as less than a majority of the Trustees of the Trust holding office have been elected by shareholders. In such an event the Trustees then in office will call a shareholders’ meeting for the election of Trustees. Except for the foregoing circumstances and unless removed by action of the shareholders in accordance with the Trust’s By-laws, the Trustees shall continue to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. The Trust’s By-laws provide that no person shall serve as a Trustee if shareholders holding two-thirds of the outstanding shares have removed him or her from that office either by a written declaration filed with the Trust’s custodian or by votes cast at a meeting called for that purpose. The By-laws further provide that under certain circumstances the shareholders may call a meeting to remove a Trustee and that the Trust is required to provide assistance in communication with shareholders about such a meeting.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust may be amended by the Trustees when authorized by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, the financial interests of which are affected by the amendment. The Trustees may also amend the Declaration of Trust without the vote or consent of shareholders to change the name of the Trust or any series or to make such other changes (such as reclassifying series or classes of shares or restructuring the Trust) as do not have a materially adverse effect on the financial interests of shareholders or if they deem it necessary to conform it to applicable federal or state laws or regulations. The Trust’s Bylaws provide that the Trust will indemnify its Trustees and officers against liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with any litigation or proceeding in which they may be involved because of their offices with the Trust. However, no indemnification will be provided to any Trustee or officer for any liability to the Trust or shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
The Trust or any series or class thereof may be terminated by: (1) the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders of the Trust or the appropriate series or class thereof, or by an instrument or instruments in writing without a meeting, consented to by the holders of two-thirds of the shares of the Trust or a series or class thereof, provided, however, that, if such termination is recommended by the Trustees, the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust or a series or class thereof entitled to vote thereon shall be sufficient authorization; or (2) by means of an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the Trustees, to be followed by a written notice to shareholders stating that a majority of the Trustees has determined that the continuation of the Trust or a series or a class thereof is not in the best interest of the Trust, such series or class or of their respective shareholders.
Under Massachusetts law, if certain conditions prevail, shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust (such as the Trust) could be deemed to have personal liability for the obligations of the Trust. Numerous investment companies registered under the 1940 Act have been formed as Massachusetts business trusts, and management is not aware of an instance where such liability has been imposed. The Trust’s Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of liability on the part of Fund shareholders and the Trust’s By-laws provide that the Trust shall assume the defense on behalf of any Fund shareholders. The Declaration of Trust also contains provisions limiting the liability of a series or class to that series or class. Moreover, the Trust’s By-laws also provide for
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
indemnification out of Fund property of any shareholder held personally liable solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder for all loss or expense arising from such liability. The assets of each Fund are readily marketable and will ordinarily substantially exceed its liabilities. In light of the nature of each Fund’s business and the nature of its assets, management believes that the possibility of the Fund’s liability exceeding its assets, and therefore the shareholder’s risk of personal liability, is remote.
Proxy Voting Policy. The Board of Trustees of the Trust has adopted a proxy voting policy and procedures (the “Fund Policy”), pursuant to which the Trustees have delegated proxy voting responsibility to the investment adviser and adopted the proxy voting policies and procedures of the investment adviser (the “Policies”). An independent proxy voting service has been retained to assist in the voting of Fund proxies through the provision of vote analysis, implementation and recordkeeping and disclosure services. The Trustees will review each Fund’s proxy voting records from time to time and will annually consider approving the Policies for the upcoming year. For a copy of the Fund Policy and Adviser Policies, see Appendix G and Appendix H, respectively. Information on how each Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-262-1122, and (2) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
Investment Advisory Services. The investment adviser manages the investments and affairs of each Fund and provides related office facilities and personnel subject to the supervision of the Trust’s Board of Trustees. The investment adviser furnishes investment research, advice and supervision, furnishes an investment program and determines what securities will be purchased, held or sold by each Fund and what portion, if any, of the Fund’s assets will be held uninvested. Each Investment Advisory Agreement requires the investment adviser to pay the salaries and fees of all officers and Trustees of the Trust who are members of the investment adviser’s organization and all personnel of the investment adviser performing services relating to research and investment activities.
For a description of the compensation that each Fund pays the investment adviser, see the prospectus. The following table sets forth the net assets of each Fund and the advisory fees for the three fiscal years ended September 30, 2010.
| | | | |
| Advisory Fee for Fiscal Years Ended |
|
Fund | Net Assets at 9/30/10 | 9/30/10 | 9/30/09 | 9/30/08 |
|
California | $204,858,380 | $970,416 | $1,035,734 | $1,260,871 |
|
Massachusetts | 235,444,450 | 1,031,595 | 1,055,395 | 1,316,489 |
|
New York | 377,026,681 | 1,601,637 | 1,553,103 | 1,885,163 |
|
Ohio | 278,195,703 | 1,162,331 | 1,228,495 | 1,413,116 |
|
Rhode Island | 49,000,636 | 132,617 | 126,725 | 174,304 |
Each Investment Advisory Agreement with the investment adviser continues in effect from year to year so long as such continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the vote of a majority of the noninterested Trustees of the Trust cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval and (ii) by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Each Agreement may be terminated at any time without penalty on sixty (60) days’ written notice by the Board of Trustees of either party, or by vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, and the Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment. Each Agreement provides that the investment adviser may render services to others. Each Agreement also provides that the investment adviser shall not be liable for any loss incurred in connection with the performance of its duties, or action taken or omitted under the Agreement, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder, or for any losses sustained in the acquisition, holding or disposition of any security or other investment.
Information About BMR and Eaton Vance. BMR and Eaton Vance are business trusts organized under the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. EV serves as trustee of BMR and Eaton Vance. EV and Eaton Vance are wholly-owned subsidiaries of EVC, a Maryland corporation and publicly-held holding company. BMR is an indirect subsidiary of EVC. EVC
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
through its subsidiaries and affiliates engages primarily in investment management, administration and marketing activities. The Directors of EVC are Thomas E. Faust Jr., Ann E. Berman, Leo I. Higdon, Jr., Dorothy E. Puhy, Duncan W. Richardson, Winthrop H. Smith, Jr. and Richard A. Spillane, Jr. All shares of the outstanding Voting Common Stock of EVC are deposited in a Voting Trust, the Voting Trustees of which are Mr. Faust, Jeffrey P. Beale, Cynthia J. Clemson, Maureen A. Gemma, Brian D. Langstraat, Michael R. Mach, Frederick S. Marius, Thomas M. Metzold, Scott H. Page, Mr. Richardson, Walter A. Row, III, G. West Saltonstall, Judith A. Saryan, David M. Stein, Payson F. Swaffield, Mark S. Venezia, Michael W. Weilheimer, Robert J. Whelan and Matthew J. Witkos (all of whom are officers of Eaton Vance or its affiliates). The Voting Trustees have unrestricted voting rights for the election of Directors of EVC. All of the outstanding voting trust receipts issued under said Voting Trust are owned by certain of the officers of BMR and Eaton Vance who are also officers, or officers and Directors of EVC and EV. As indicated under “Management and Organization,” all of the officers of the Trust (as well as Mr. Faust who is also a Trustee) hold positions in the Eaton Vance organization.
Code of Ethics. The investment adviser, principal underwriter, and each Fund have adopted Codes of Ethics governing personal securities transactions. Under the Codes, employees of the investment adviser and the principal underwriter may purchase and sell securities (including securities held or eligible for purchase by a Fund) subject to the provisions of the Codes and certain employees are also subject to pre-clearance, reporting requirements and other procedures.
Portfolio Managers. The portfolio managers (each referred to as a "portfolio manager") of each Fund are listed below. Each portfolio manager manages other investment companies and/or investment accounts in addition to a Fund. The following tables show, as of the Funds’ most recent fiscal year end, the number of accounts each portfolio manager managed in each of the listed categories and the total assets (in millions of dollars) in the accounts managed within each category. The table also shows the number of accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account, if any, and the total assets (in millions of dollars) in those accounts.
| | | | |
| | | Number of Accounts | |
| Number of | Total Assets of | Paying a Performance | Total Assets of Accounts |
| All Accounts | All Accounts | Fee | Paying a Performance Fee |
| | | | |
Cynthia J. Clemson | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | 11 | $3,008.6 | 0 | $0 |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | $ 0 | 0 | $0 |
Other Accounts | 0 | $ 0 | 0 | $0 |
| | | | |
Craig Brandon | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | 14 | $1,822.8 | 0 | $0 |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | $ 0 | 0 | $0 |
Other Accounts | 0 | $ 0 | 0 | $0 |
| | | | |
William H. Ahern, Jr. | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | 14 | $3,379.0 | 0 | $0 |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | $ 0 | 0 | $0 |
Other Accounts | 0 | $17.8 | 0 | $0 |
The following table shows the dollar value of shares of a Fund beneficially owned by its portfolio manager as of the Fund’s most recent fiscal year ended September 30, 2010 and in the Eaton Vance Family of Funds as of December 31, 2010. The purpose of each Fund is to provide tax-exempt income to persons subject to taxation in a particular state. In most cases, a Fund’s portfolio manager is not subject to such taxation. In addition, in most cases, Fund shares are not registered for sale in the state of the portfolio manager’s residence.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
| | |
| | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity |
| Dollar Range of Equity Securities | Securities Owned in all Registered Funds in |
Fund Name and Portfolio Manager | Owned in the Fund | the Eaton Vance Family of Funds |
| | |
California Fund | | |
Cynthia J. Clemson | None | over $1,000,000 |
| | |
Massachusetts Fund | | |
Craig R. Brandon | None | $100,001 - $500,000 |
| | |
New York Fund | | |
Craig R. Brandon | None | $100,001 - $500,000 |
| | |
Ohio Fund | | |
William H. Ahern, Jr. | None | $500,001 - $1,000,000 |
| | |
Rhode Island Fund | | |
Cynthia J. Clemson | None | over $1,000,000 |
It is possible that conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager’s management of a Fund’s investments on the one hand and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio manager is responsible on the other. For example, a portfolio manager may have conflicts of interest in allocating management time, resources and investment opportunities among the Fund and other accounts he or she advises. In addition, due to differences in the investment strategies or restrictions between a Fund and the other accounts, a portfolio manager may take action with respect to another account that differs from the action taken with respect to the Fund. In some cases, another account managed by a portfolio manager may compensate the investment adviser based on the performance of the securities held by that account. The existence of such a performance based fee may create additional conflicts of interest for the portfolio manager in the allocation of management time, resources and investment opportunities. Whenever conflicts of interest arise, the portfolio manager will endeavor to exercise his or her discretion in a manner that he or she believes is equitable to all interested persons. The investment adviser has adopted several policies and procedures designed to address these potential conflicts including a code of ethics and policies that govern the investment adviser’s trading practices, including among other things the aggregation and allocation of trades among clients, brokerage allocation, cross trades and best execution.
Compensation Structure for BMR. Compensation of the investment adviser’s portfolio managers and other investment professionals has three primary components: (1) a base salary, (2) an annual cash bonus, and (3) annual stock-based compensation consisting of options to purchase shares of EVC’s nonvoting common stock and restricted shares of EVC’s nonvoting common stock. The investment adviser’s investment professionals also receive certain retirement, insurance and other benefits that are broadly available to the investment adviser’s employees. Compensation of the investment adviser’s investment professionals is reviewed primarily on an annual basis. Cash bonuses, stock-based compensation awards, and adjustments in base salary are typically paid or put into effect at or shortly after the October 31st fiscal year end of EVC.
Method to Determine Compensation. The investment adviser compensates its portfolio managers based primarily on the scale and complexity of their portfolio responsibilities and the total return performance of managed funds and accounts versus the benchmark(s) stated in the prospectus, as well as an appropriate peer group (as described below). In addition to rankings within peer groups of funds on the basis of absolute performance, consideration may also be given to relative risk-adjusted performance. Risk-adjusted performance measures include, but are not limited to, the Sharpe ratio. Performance is normally based on periods ending on the September 30th preceding fiscal year end. Fund performance is normally evaluated primarily versus peer groups of funds as determined by Lipper Inc. and/or Morningstar, Inc. When a fund’s peer group as determined by Lipper or Morningstar is deemed by the investment adviser’s management not to provide a fair comparison, performance may instead be evaluated primarily against a custom peer group. In evaluating the performance of a fund and its manager, primary emphasis is normally placed on three-year performance, with secondary consideration of performance over longer and shorter periods. For funds that are tax-managed or otherwise have an objective of after-tax returns, performance is measured net of taxes. For other funds, performance is evaluated on a pre-tax basis. For funds with an investment objective other than total return (such as current income), consideration will also be given to the fund’s success in achieving its objective. For managers responsible for multiple funds and accounts, investment performance is evaluated on an aggregate basis, based on averages or weighted averages among managed funds and accounts. Funds and accounts that have performance-based advisory fees are not accorded disproportionate weightings in measuring aggregate portfolio manager performance.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
The compensation of portfolio managers with other job responsibilities (such as heading an investment group or providing analytical support to other portfolios) will include consideration of the scope of such responsibilities and the managers’ performance in meeting them.
The investment adviser seeks to compensate portfolio managers commensurate with their responsibilities and performance, and competitive with other firms within the investment management industry. The investment adviser participates in investment-industry compensation surveys and utilizes survey data as a factor in determining salary, bonus and stock-based compensation levels for portfolio managers and other investment professionals. Salaries, bonuses and stock-based compensation are also influenced by the operating performance of the investment adviser and its parent company. The overall annual cash bonus pool is based on a substantially fixed percentage of pre-bonus operating income. While the salaries of the investment adviser’s portfolio managers are comparatively fixed, cash bonuses and stock-based compensation may fluctuate significantly from year to year, based on changes in manager performance and other factors as described herein. For a high performing portfolio manager, cash bonuses and stock-based compensation may represent a substantial portion of total compensation.
Administrative Services. As indicated in the Prospectus, Eaton Vance serves as administrator of each Fund, but currently receives no compensation for providing administrative services to the Fund. Under its Administrative Services Agreement, Eaton Vance has been engaged to administer each Fund’s affairs, subject to the supervision of the Trustees of the Trust, and shall furnish office space and all necessary office facilities, equipment and personnel for administering the affairs of each Fund.
Sub-Transfer Agency Services. Eaton Vance also serves as sub-transfer agent for each Fund. As sub-transfer agent, Eaton Vance performs the following services directly on behalf of a Fund: (1) provides call center services to financial intermediaries and shareholders; (2) answers written inquiries related to shareholder accounts (matters relating to portfolio management, distribution of shares and other management policy questions will be referred to a Fund); (3) furnishes an SAI to any shareholder who requests one in writing or by telephone from a Fund; and (4) processes transaction requests received via telephone. For the sub-transfer agency services it provides, Eaton Vance receives an aggregate annual fee equal to the lesser of $2.5 million or the actual expenses incurred by Eaton Vance in the performance of those services. This fee is paid to Eaton Vance by a Fund’s transfer agent from fees it receives from the Eaton Vance funds. Each Fund will pay a pro rata share of such fee. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the transfer agent accrued for or paid the following to Eaton Vance for sub-transfer agency services performed on behalf of each Fund:
| | | | |
California | Massachusetts | New York | Ohio | Rhode Island |
$4,022 | $4,805 | $7,827 | $6,155 | $1,175 |
Expenses. Each Fund is responsible for all expenses not expressly stated to be payable by another party (such as expenses required to be paid pursuant to an agreement with the investment adviser, the principal underwriter or the administrator). In the case of expenses incurred by the Trust, each Fund is responsible for its pro rata share of those expenses. The only expenses of a Fund allocated to a particular class are those incurred under the Distribution Plan applicable to that class (if any) and certain other class-specific expenses.
Principal Underwriter. Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (“EVD"), Two International Place, Boston, MA 02110 is the principal underwriter of each Fund. The principal underwriter acts as principal in selling shares under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust. The expenses of printing copies of prospectuses used to offer shares and other selling literature and of advertising are borne by the principal underwriter. The fees and expenses of qualifying and registering and maintaining qualifications and registrations of a Fund and its shares under federal and state securities laws are borne by the Fund. The Distribution Agreement is renewable annually by the Trust’s Board of Trustees (including a majority of the noninterested Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Agreement or any applicable Distribution Plan), may be terminated on sixty days’ notice either by such Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding Fund shares or on six months’ notice by the principal underwriter and is automatically terminated upon assignment. The principal underwriter distributes shares on a “best efforts” basis under which it is required to take and pay for only such shares as may be sold. EVD is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of EVC. Mr. Faust is a Director of EVD.
Custodian. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116, serves as custodian to each Fund. State Street has custody of all cash and securities of a Fund, maintains the general ledger of each Fund and computes the daily net asset value of shares of each Fund. In such capacity it attends to details in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, transfer or other dealings with each Fund’s investments, receives and disburses all funds and performs various other ministerial duties upon receipt of proper instructions from the Trust. State Street provides services in connection with the preparation of shareholder reports and the electronic filing of such reports with the SEC. EVC and its affiliates and their officers and employees from time to time have transactions with various banks, including State Street. It is Eaton Vance’s opinion that the terms and conditions of such transactions were not and will not be influenced by existing or potential custodial or other relationships between each Fund and such banks.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP, 200 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116, is the independent registered public accounting firm of each Fund, providing audit and related services, assistance and consultation with respect to the preparation of filings with the SEC.
Transfer Agent. BNY Mellon Asset Servicing, P.O. Box 9653, Providence, RI 02940-9653, serves as transfer and dividend disbursing agent for each Fund.
CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE |
The net asset value of each Fund is computed as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m. eastern time)(the "valuation time") by State Street (as agent and custodian for each Fund) by subtracting the liabilities of the Fund from the value of its total assets. Each Fund will be closed for business and will not price its shares on the following business holidays and any other business day that the New York Stock Exchange (the "Exchange") is closed: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Inasmuch as the market for municipal obligations is a dealer market with no central trading location or continuous quotation system, it is not feasible to obtain last transaction prices for most municipal obligations held by a Fund, and such obligations, including those purchased on a when-issued basis, will normally be valued on the basis of valuations furnished by a pricing service. The pricing service uses information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities, various relationships between securities, and yield to maturity in determining value. Taxable obligations, if any, are normally valued on the basis of valuations furnished by a pricing service. Open futures positions on debt securities are valued at the most recent settlement prices, unless such price does not reflect the fair value of the contract, in which case the positions will be valued by or at the direction of the Trustees. Other assets are valued at fair value using methods determined in good faith by or at the direction of the Trustees considering relevant factors, data and information including the market value of freely tradable securities of the same class in the principal market on which such securities are normally traded.
PURCHASING AND REDEEMING SHARES |
Additional Information About Purchases. Fund shares are offered for sale only in states where they are registered. Fund shares are continuously offered through financial intermediaries which have entered into agreements with the principal underwriter. Shares of a Fund are sold at the offering price, which is the net asset value plus the initial sales charge, if any. The Fund receives the net asset value. The principal underwriter receives the sales charge, all or a portion of which may be reallowed to the financial intermediaries responsible for selling Fund shares. The sales charge table in the Prospectus is applicable to purchases of a Fund alone or in combination with purchases of certain other funds offered by the principal underwriter, made at a single time by (i) an individual, or an individual, his or her spouse and their children under the age of twenty-one, purchasing shares for his or their own account, and (ii) a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing shares for a single trust estate or a single fiduciary account. The table is also presently applicable to (1) purchases of Class A shares pursuant to a written Statement of Intention; or (2) purchases of Class A shares pursuant to the Right of Accumulation and declared as such at the time of purchase. See “Sales Charges”.
In connection with employee benefit or other continuous group purchase plans, a Fund may accept initial investments of less than the minimum investment amount on the part of an individual participant. In the event a shareholder who is a participant of such a plan terminates participation in the plan, his or her shares will be transferred to a regular individual account. However, such account will be subject to the right of redemption by a Fund as described below.
Class I Share Purchases. Class I shares are available for purchase by clients of financial intermediaries who (i) charge such clients an ongoing fee for advisory, investment, consulting or similar services, or (ii) have entered into an agreement with the principal underwriter to offer Class I shares through a no-load network or platform. Such clients may include individuals, corporations, endowments, foundations and qualified plans (including tax-deferred retirement plans and profit sharing plans). Class I shares also are offered to investment and institutional clients of Eaton Vance and its affiliates; certain persons affiliated with Eaton Vance and certain Fund service providers; current and retired Directors and Trustees of Eaton Vance funds and employees of Eaton Vance and its affiliates.
Suspension of Sales. The Trust may, in its absolute discretion, suspend, discontinue or limit the offering of one or more of its classes of shares at any time. In determining whether any such action should be taken, the Trust’s management intends to consider all relevant factors, including (without limitation) the size of a Fund or class, the investment climate and market conditions, the volume of sales and redemptions of shares, and (if applicable) the amount of uncovered distribution charges of the principal underwriter. The Class A, Class B and Class C Distribution Plans may continue in effect and payments may be made under the Plans following any such suspension, discontinuance or limitation of the offering of shares; however, there is no contractual obligation to continue any Plan for any particular period of time. Suspension of the offering of shares would not, of course, affect a shareholder’s ability to redeem shares.
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Additional Information About Redemptions. The right to redeem shares of a Fund can be suspended and the payment of the redemption price deferred when the Exchange is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closings), during periods when trading on the Exchange is restricted as determined by the SEC, or during any emergency as determined by the SEC which makes it impracticable for a Fund to dispose of its securities or value its assets, or during any other period permitted by order of the SEC for the protection of investors.
Due to the high cost of maintaining small accounts, the Trust reserves the right to redeem accounts with balances of less than $750. Prior to such a redemption, shareholders will be given 60 days’ written notice to make an additional purchase. However, no such redemption would be required by the Trust if the cause of the low account balance was a reduction in the net asset value of shares. No CDSC or redemption fees, if applicable, will be imposed with respect to such involuntary redemptions.
While normally payments will be made in cash for redeemed shares, the Trust, subject to compliance with applicable regulations, has reserved the right to pay the redemption price of shares of a Fund, either totally or partially, by a distribution in kind of readily marketable securities. The securities so distributed would be valued pursuant to the valuation procedures described in this SAI. If a shareholder received a distribution in kind, the shareholder could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan. The transfer agent will send to the shareholder regular monthly or quarterly payments of any permitted amount designated by the shareholder based upon the value of the shares held. The checks will be drawn from share redemptions and hence, may require the recognition of taxable gain or loss. Income dividends and capital gains distributions in connection with withdrawal plan accounts will be credited at net asset value as of the record date for each distribution. Continued withdrawals in excess of current income will eventually use up principal, particularly in a period of declining market prices. A shareholder may not have a withdrawal plan in effect at the same time he or she has authorized Bank Automated Investing or is otherwise making regular purchases of Fund shares. The shareholder, the transfer agent or the principal underwriter may terminate the withdrawal plan at any time without penalty.
Other Information. A Fund’s net asset value per share is normally rounded to two decimal places. In certain situations (such as a merger, share split or a purchase or sale of shares that represents a significant portion of a share class), the administrator may determine to extend the calculation of the net asset value per share to additional decimal places to ensure that neither the value of the Fund nor a shareholder’s shares is diluted materially as the result of a purchase or sale or other transaction.
In circumstances where a financial intermediary has entered into an agreement with a Fund or its principal underwriter to exchange shares from one class of the Fund to another, such exchange shall be permitted and any applicable redemption fee will not be imposed in connection with such transaction, provided that the class of shares acquired in the exchange is subject to the same redemption fee. In connection with the exemption from a Fund’s policies to discourage short-term trading and market timing and the applicability of any redemption fee to a redemption, asset allocation programs include any investment vehicle that allocates its assets among investments in concert with changes in a model portfolio and any asset allocation programs that may be sponsored by Eaton Vance or its affiliates.
Dealer Commissions. The principal underwriter may, from time to time, at its own expense, provide additional incentives to financial intermediaries which employ registered representatives who sell Fund shares and/or shares of other funds distributed by the principal underwriter. In some instances, such additional incentives may be offered only to certain financial intermediaries whose representatives sell or are expected to sell significant amounts of shares. In addition, the principal underwriter may from time to time increase or decrease the sales commissions payable to financial intermediaries. The principal underwriter may allow, upon notice to all financial intermediaries with whom it has agreements, discounts up to the full sales charge during the periods specified in the notice. During periods when the discount includes the full sales charge, such financial intermediaries may be deemed to be underwriters as that term is defined in the 1933 Act.
Purchases at Net Asset Value. Class A shares may be sold at net asset value to current and retired Directors and Trustees of Eaton Vance funds and portfolios; to clients (including custodial, agency, advisory and trust accounts) and current and retired officers and employees of Eaton Vance, its affiliates and other investment advisers and sub-advisers of Eaton Vance sponsored funds; and to such persons’ spouses, parents, siblings and lineal descendants and their beneficial accounts. Such shares may also be issued at net asset value (1) in connection with the merger (or similar transaction) of an investment company (or series or class thereof) or personal holding company with a Fund (or class thereof), (2) to investors making an investment as part of a fixed fee program whereby an entity unaffiliated with the investment adviser provides investment services, such as management, brokerage and custody, (3) to investment advisors, financial planners or other intermediaries who place trades for their own accounts or the
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accounts of their clients and who charge a management, consulting or similar ongoing fee for their services; clients of such investment advisors, financial planners or other intermediaries who place trades for their own accounts if the accounts are linked to the master account of such investment advisor, financial planner or other intermediary on the books and records of the broker or agent; financial intermediaries who have entered into an agreement with the principal underwriter to offer Class A shares through a no-load platform, (4) to officers and employees of the Fund custodian and the transfer agent and (5) in connection with the ReFlow liquidity program. Class A shares may also be sold at net asset value to registered representatives and employees of financial intermediaries. Sales charges generally are waived because either (i) there is no sales effort involved in the sale of shares or (ii) the investor is paying a fee (other than the sales charge) to the financial intermediary involved in the sale. Any new or revised sales charge or CDSC waiver will be prospective only.
Waiver of Investment Minimums. In addition to waivers described in the Prospectus, minimum investment amounts are waived for current and retired Directors and Trustees of Eaton Vance funds and portfolios, clients (including custodial, agency, advisory and trust accounts), current and retired officers and employees of Eaton Vance, its affiliates and other investment advisers and sub-advisers of Eaton Vance sponsored funds, and for such persons’ spouses, parents, siblings and lineal descendants and their beneficial accounts. The minimum initial investment amount is also waived for officers and employees of a Fund’s custodian and transfer agent. Investments in a Fund by ReFlow in connection with the ReFlow liquidity program are also not subject to the minimum investment amount.
Statement of Intention. If it is anticipated that $50,000 or more of Class A shares and shares of other funds exchangeable for Class A shares of another Eaton Vance fund will be purchased within a 13-month period, the Statement of Intention section of the account application should be completed so that shares may be obtained at the same reduced sales charge as though the total quantity were invested in one lump sum. Shares eligible for the right of accumulation (see below) as of the date of the Statement and purchased during the 13-month period will be included toward the completion of the Statement. If you make a Statement of Intention, the transfer agent is authorized to hold in escrow sufficient shares (5% of the dollar amount specified in the Statement) which can be redeemed to make up any difference in sales charge on the amount intended to be invested and the amount actually invested. A Statement of Intention does not obligate the shareholder to purchase or the Fund to sell the full amount indicated in the Statement.
If the amount actually purchased during the 13-month period is less than that indicated in the Statement, the shareholder will be requested to pay the difference between the sales charge applicable to the shares purchased and the sales charge paid under the Statement of Intention. If the payment is not received in 20 days, the appropriate number of escrowed shares will be redeemed in order to realize such difference. If the total purchases during the 13-month period are large enough to qualify for a lower sales charge than that applicable to the amount specified in the Statement, all transactions will be computed at the expiration date of the Statement to give effect to the lower sales charge. Any difference will be refunded to the shareholder in cash or applied to the purchase of additional shares, as specified by the shareholder. This refund will be made by the financial intermediary and the principal underwriter. If at the time of the recomputation, the financial intermediary for the account has changed, the adjustment will be made only on those shares purchased through the current financial intermediary for the account. If the sales charge rate changes during the 13-month period, all shares purchased or charges assessed after the date of such change will be subject to the then applicable sales charge.
Right of Accumulation. Under the right of accumulation, the applicable sales charge level is calculated by aggregating the dollar amount of the current purchase and the value (calculated at the maximum current offering price) of shares owned by the shareholder. Class A shares of Eaton Vance U.S. Government Money Market Fund cannot be accumulated for purposes of this privilege. The sales charge on the shares being purchased will then be applied at the rate applicable to the aggregate. Share purchases eligible for the right of accumulation are described under "Sales Charges" in the Prospectus. For any such discount to be made available at the time of purchase a purchaser or his or her financial intermediary must provide the principal underwriter (in the case of a purchase made through a financial intermediary) or the transfer agent (in the case of an investment made by mail) with sufficient information to permit verification that the purchase order qualifies for the accumulation privilege. Confirmation of the order is subject to such verification. The right of accumulation privilege may be amended or terminated at any time as to purchases occurring thereafter.
Conversion Feature. Class B shares held for eight years will automatically convert to Class A shares. For purposes of this conversion, all distributions paid on Class B shares which the shareholder elects to reinvest in Class B shares will be considered to be held in a separate sub-account. Upon the conversion of Class B shares not acquired through the reinvestment of distributions, a pro rata portion of the Class B shares held in the sub-account will also convert to Class A shares. This portion will be determined by the ratio that the Class B shares being converted bears to the total of Class B shares (excluding shares acquired through reinvestment) in the account. This conversion feature is subject to the continuing availability of a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel that the conversion is not taxable for federal income tax purposes.
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Distribution Plans
The Trust has in effect a compensation-type Distribution Plan for Class A shares (the “Class A Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The Class A Plan is designed to (i) finance activities which are primarily intended to result in the distribution and sales of Class A shares and to make payments in connection with the distribution of such shares and (ii) pay service fees for personal services and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts to the principal underwriter, financial intermediaries and other persons. The distribution and service fees payable under the Class A Plan shall not exceed 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class A shares for any fiscal year. Class A distribution and service fees are paid monthly in arrears. For the distribution and service fees paid by Class A shares, see Appendix A.
The Trust also has in effect compensation-type Distribution Plans for each Fund’s Class B and Class C shares (the “Class B and Class C Plans”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. On each sale of shares (excluding reinvestment of distributions) a Class will pay the principal underwriter amounts representing (i) sales commissions equal to 5% for Class B shares and 6.25% for Class C shares of the amount received by a Fund for each Class share sold and (ii) interest at the rate of 1% over the prime rate then reported in The Wall Street Journal applied to the outstanding amounts owed to the principal underwriter, so-called “uncovered distribution charges”. Each Class pays the principal underwriter a distribution fee, accrued daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate not exceeding 0.75% of its average daily net assets to finance the distribution of its shares. Such fees compensate the principal underwriter for the sales commissions paid by it to financial intermediaries on the sale of shares, for other distribution expenses (such as personnel, overhead, travel, printing and postage) and for interest expenses. The principal underwriter currently pays an up-front sales commission (except on exchange transactions and reinvestments) of 4% of the purchase price of Class B shares and 0.80% (0.75% for the California Fund) of the purchase price of Class C shares, and an up-front service fee of 0.20% (0.25% for the California Fund) on Class C shares. Distribution fees paid by a Class and CDSCs paid to the Fund by redeeming Class shareholders reduce the outstanding uncovered distribution charges of the Class. Whenever there are no outstanding uncovered distribution charges of a Class, the Class discontinues payment of distribution fees.
The Trustees of the Trust believe that each Plan will be a significant factor in the expected growth of each Fund’s assets, and will result in increased investment flexibility and advantages which have benefited and will continue to benefit the Fund and its shareholders. The Eaton Vance organization will profit by reason of the operation of the Class B and Class C Plans through an increase in Fund assets and if at any point in time the aggregate amounts received by the principal underwriter pursuant to the Plans and from CDSCs have exceeded the total expenses incurred in distributing Class B and Class C shares. Because payments to the principal underwriter under the Class B and Class C Plans are limited, uncovered distribution charges (sales expenses of the principal underwriter plus interest, less the above fees and CDSCs received by it) may exist indefinitely. For sales commissions, CDSCs and uncovered distribution charges, see Appendix B and Appendix C.
The Class B and Class C Plans also authorize the payment of service fees to the principal underwriter, financial intermediaries and other persons in amounts not exceeding an annual rate of 0.25% of its average daily net assets for personal services, and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts. For Class B, this fee is paid monthly in arrears based on the value of shares sold by such persons. For Class C, financial intermediaries currently receive (a) a service fee (except on exchange transactions and reinvestments) at the time of sale equal to 0.20% (0.25% for the California Fund) of the purchase price of Class C shares sold by such dealer, and (b) monthly service fees approximately equivalent to 1/12 of 0.20% (0.25% for the California Fund) of the value of Class C shares sold by such dealer. During the first year after a purchase of Class C shares, the principal underwriter will retain the service fee as reimbursement for the service fee payment made to financial intermediaries at the time of sale. For the service fees paid, see Appendix B and Appendix C.
A Plan continues in effect from year to year so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by the vote of both a majority of (i) the noninterested Trustees of the Trust who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or any agreements related to the Plan (the “Plan Trustees”) and (ii) all of the Trustees then in office. A Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Plan Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the applicable Class. Quarterly Trustee review of a written report of the amount expended under the Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made is required. A Plan may not be amended to increase materially the payments described therein without approval of the shareholders of the affected Class and the Trustees. So long as a Plan is in effect, the selection and nomination of the noninterested Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of such Trustees. The Trustees, including the Plan Trustees, initially approved the current Plan(s) on June 23, 1997 (in the case of the Class C Plans, on June 16, 2003 for the California and New York Funds and on November 14, 2005 for the Ohio and Rhode Island Funds). Any Trustee of the Trust who is an “interested” person of the Trust has an indirect financial interest in a Plan because his or her employer (or affiliates thereof) receives distribution and/or service fees under the Plan or agreements related thereto.
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Performance Calculations. Average annual total return before deduction of taxes (“pre-tax return”) is determined by multiplying a hypothetical initial purchase order of $1,000 by the average annual compound rate of return (including capital appreciation/depreciation, and distributions paid and reinvested) for the stated period and annualizing the result. The calculation assumes (i) that all distributions are reinvested at net asset value on the reinvestment dates during the period, (ii) the deduction of the maximum of any initial sales charge from the initial $1,000 purchase, (iii) a complete redemption of the investment at the end of the period, and (iv) the deduction of any applicable CDSC at the end of the period.
Average annual total return after the deduction of taxes on distributions is calculated in the same manner as pre-tax return except the calculation assumes that any federal income taxes due on distributions are deducted from the distributions before they are reinvested. Average annual total return after the deduction of taxes on distributions and taxes on redemption also is calculated in the same manner as pre-tax return except the calculation assumes that (i) any federal income taxes due on distributions are deducted from the distributions before they are reinvested and (ii) any federal income taxes due upon redemption are deducted at the end of the period. After-tax returns are based on the highest federal income tax rates in effect for individual taxpayers as of the time of each assumed distribution and redemption (taking into account their tax character), and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In calculating after-tax returns, the net value of any federal income tax credits available to shareholders is applied to reduce federal income taxes payable on distributions at or near year-end and, to the extent the net value of such credits exceeds such distributions, is then assumed to be reinvested in additional Fund shares at net asset value on the last day of the fiscal year in which the credit was generated or, in the case of certain tax credits, on the date on which the year-end distribution is paid. For pre-tax and after-tax total return information, see Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D.
In addition to the foregoing total return figures, each Fund may provide pre-tax and after-tax annual and cumulative total return, as well as the ending redeemable cash value of a hypothetical investment. If shares are subject to a sales charge, total return figures may be calculated based on reduced sales charges or at net asset value. These returns would be lower if the full sales charge was imposed. After-tax returns may also be calculated using different tax rate assumptions and taking into account state and local income taxes as well as federal taxes.
Yield is computed pursuant to a standardized formula by dividing the net investment income per share earned during a recent thirty-day period by the maximum offering price (including the maximum of any initial sales charge) per share on the last day of the period and annualizing the resulting figure. Net investment income per share is calculated from the yields to maturity of all debt obligations held based on prescribed methods, reduced by accrued expenses for the period with the resulting number being divided by the average daily number of shares outstanding and entitled to receive distributions during the period. Yield figures do not reflect the deduction of any applicable CDSC, but assume the maximum of any initial sales charge. (Actual yield may be affected by variations in sales charges on investments.) A tax-equivalent yield is computed by using the tax-exempt yield and dividing by one minus a stated tax rate. The stated tax rate will reflect the federal income and certain state and local (if any) taxes applicable to investors in a particular tax bracket and may reflect certain assumptions relating to tax exemptions and deductions. The tax-equivalent yield will differ for investors in other tax brackets or for whom the assumed exemptions and deductions are not available. Tax-equivalent yield is designed to show the approximate yield a taxable investment would have to earn to produce an after-tax yield equal to the tax-exempt yield.
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings and Related Information. The Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures (the “Policies”) with respect to the disclosure of information about portfolio holdings of each Fund. See each Fund’s Prospectus for information on disclosure made in filings with the SEC and/or posted on the Eaton Vance website and disclosure of certain portfolio characteristics. Pursuant to the Policies, information about portfolio holdings of a Fund may also be disclosed as follows:
- Confidential disclosure for a legitimate Fund purpose: Portfolio holdings may be disclosed, from time to time as necessary, for a legitimate business purpose of a Fund, believed to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders, provided there is a duty or an agreement that the information be kept confidential. Any such confidentiality agreement includes provisions intended to impose a duty not to trade on the non-public information. The Policies permit disclosure of portfolio holdings information to the following: 1) affiliated and unaffiliated service providers that have a legal or contractual duty to keep such information confidential, such as employees of the investment adviser (including portfolio managers and, in the case of a Portfolio, the portfolio manager of any account that invests in the Portfolio), the administrator, custodian, transfer agent, principal underwriter, etc. described herein and in the Prospectus; 2) other persons who owe a fiduciary or other duty of trust or confidence to the Fund (such as Fund legal counsel and independent registered public accounting firm); or 3) persons to whom the disclosure is made in advancement of a legitimate business purpose of a Fund and who have expressly agreed in writing to maintain the disclosed information in confidence and to
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use it only in connection with the legitimate business purpose underlying the arrangement. To the extent applicable to an Eaton Vance fund, such persons may include securities lending agents which may receive information from time to time regarding selected holdings which may be loaned by a Fund, in the event a Fund is rated, credit rating agencies (Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group), analytical service providers engaged by the investment adviser (Advent, Bloomberg L.P., Evare, Factset, McMunn Associates, Inc. and The Yield Book, Inc.), proxy evaluation vendors (Institutional Shareholder Servicing Inc.), pricing services (TRPS Mark-to-Market Pricing Service, WM Company Reuters Information Services and Non-Deliverable Forward Rates Service, Pricing Direct, FT Interactive Data Corp., Standard & Poor’s Securities Evaluation Service, Inc., SuperDerivatives and Stat Pro.), which receive information as needed to price a particular holding, translation services, lenders under Fund credit facilities (Citibank, N.A. and its affiliates), consultants and other product evaluators (Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC) and, for purposes of facilitating portfolio transactions, financial intermediaries and other intermediaries (national and regional municipal bond dealers and mortgage-backed securities dealers). These entities receive portfolio information on an as needed basis in order to perform the service for which they are being engaged. If required in order to perform their duties, this information will be provided in real time or as soon as practical thereafter. Additional categories of disclosure involving a legitimate business purpose may be added to this list upon the authorization of a Fund’s Board of Trustees. In addition, in connection with a redemption in kind, the redeeming shareholder may be required to agree to keep the information about the securities to be so distributed confidential, except to the extent necessary to dispose of the securities.- Historical portfolio holdings information: From time to time, each Fund may be requested to provide historic portfolio holdings information or certain characteristics of portfolio holdings that have not been made public previously. In such case, the requested information may be provided if: the information is requested for due diligence or another legitimate purpose; the requested portfolio holdings or portfolio characteristics are for a period that is no more recent than the date of the portfolio holdings or portfolio characteristics posted to the Eaton Vance website; a Fund’s portfolio manager and Eaton Vance’s Chief Equity or Chief Income Investment Officer (as appropriate) have reviewed the request and do not believe the dissemination of the information requested would disadvantage Fund shareholders; and the Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO") has reviewed the request to ensure that the disclosure of the requested information does not give rise to a conflict of interest between Fund shareholders and an affiliated service provider.
The Funds, the investment adviser and principal underwriter will not receive any monetary or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of information concerning a Fund’s portfolio holdings.
The Policies may not be waived, or exception made, without the consent of the CCO of the Funds. The CCO may not waive or make exception to the Policies unless such waiver or exception is consistent with the intent of the Policies, which is to ensure that disclosure of portfolio information is in the best interest of Fund shareholders. In determining whether to permit a waiver of or exception to the Policies, the CCO will consider whether the proposed disclosure serves a legitimate purpose of a Fund, whether it could provide the recipient with an advantage over Fund shareholders or whether the proposed disclosure gives rise to a conflict of interest between a Fund’s shareholders and its investment adviser, principal underwriter or other affiliated person. The CCO will report all waivers of or exceptions to the Policies to the Trustees at their next meeting. The Trustees may impose additional restrictions on the disclosure of portfolio holdings information at any time.
The Policies are designed to provide useful information concerning a Fund to existing and prospective Fund shareholders while at the same time inhibiting the improper use of portfolio holdings information in trading Fund shares and/or portfolio securities held by a Fund. However, there can be no assurance that the provision of any portfolio holdings information is not susceptible to inappropriate uses (such as the development of “market timing” models), particularly in the hands of highly sophisticated investors, or that it will not in fact be used in such ways beyond the control of the Funds.
Each series of the Trust is treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. Each Fund has elected to be treated and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, each Fund intends to satisfy certain requirements relating to sources of its income and diversification of its assets and to distribute substantially all of its net investment income (including tax-exempt income) and net short-term and long-term capital gains (after reduction by any available capital loss carryforwards) in accordance with the timing requirements imposed by the Code, so as to maintain its RIC status and to avoid paying any federal income tax. If a Fund qualifies for treatment as a RIC and satisfies the above-mentioned distribution requirements, it will not be subject to federal income tax on income paid to its shareholders in the form of dividends or capital gain distributions. Each Fund qualified as a RIC for its fiscal year ended September 30, 2010. Each Fund also seeks to avoid payment of federal excise tax. However, if a Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for such year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 (or later if the Fund is permitted to so elect and so elects), plus any retained amount from the prior year, the Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. As a result of recently enacted legislation, the Code now contains a provision codifying the judicial
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economic substance doctrine, which has traditionally been used by courts to deny tax benefits for transactions that lack economic substance; a strict liability penalty is imposed for an understatement of tax liability due to a transaction’s lack of economic substance.
In order to avoid incurring a federal excise tax obligation, the Code requires that a Fund distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year (i) at least 98% of its ordinary income (not including tax-exempt income) for such year, (ii) at least 98.2% of its capital gain net income (which is the excess of its realized capital gains over its realized capital losses), generally computed on the basis of the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, after reduction by any available capital loss carryforwards and (iii) 100% of any income and capital gains from the prior year (as previously computed) that was not paid out during such year and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax. If a Fund fails to meet these requirements it will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. Under current law, provided that a Fund qualifies as a RIC for federal tax purposes, the Fund should not be liable for any income, corporate excise or franchise tax in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, the long-term capital gain rate is scheduled to return to 20%. The maximum rates for ordinary income and short-term capital gain are scheduled to increase to 39.6% for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013.
If a Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to corporate income taxes, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including distributions of tax-exempt income and net capital gain (if any), will be taxable to the shareholder as dividend income. However, such distributions may be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. In addition, in order to requalify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund may be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions.
The Funds’s investment in zero coupon and certain other securities will cause it to realize income prior to the receipt of cash payments with respect to these securities. Such income will be accrued daily by the Fund and, in order to avoid a tax payable by the Fund, the Fund may be required to liquidate securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold in order to generate cash so that the Fund may make required distributions to its shareholders.
A Fund may invest to a significant extent in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income.
Distributions by a Fund of net tax-exempt interest income that are properly designated as “exempt-interest dividends” may be treated by shareholders as interest excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes under Section 103(a) of the Code. In order for a Fund to be entitled to pay the tax-exempt interest income as exempt-interest dividends to its shareholders, the Fund must and intends to satisfy certain requirements, including the requirement that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of obligations the interest on which is exempt from regular federal income tax under Code Section 103(a). Interest on certain municipal obligations may be taxable for purposes of the federal AMT and for state and local purposes. In addition, corporate shareholders must include the full amount of exempt-interest dividends in computing the preference items for the purposes of the AMT. Shareholders of a Fund are required to report tax-exempt interest on their federal income tax returns.
For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, distributions of investment income designated by a Fund as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxed in the hands of individual shareholders at the rates applicable to long-term capital gains, currently at a rate of 15%, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund level. It is not expected a significant portion of Fund distributions would be derived from qualified dividend income.
Tax-exempt distributions received from a Fund are taken into account in determining, and may increase, the portion of social security and certain railroad retirement benefits that may be subject to federal income tax.
Interest on indebtedness incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of the fund will not be deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Furthermore, a portion of any exempt-interest dividend paid by the fund that represents income derived from certain revenue or private activity bonds held by the fund may not retain its tax-exempt status in the hands of a shareholder who is a “substantial user” of a facility financed by such bonds, or a “related person” thereof. In addition, the receipt of dividends and distributions from the fund may affect a foreign corporate shareholder’s federal “branch profits” tax liability and the federal “excess net passive income” tax liability of a shareholder of a Subchapter S corporation. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
as to whether they are (i) “substantial users” with respect to a facility or “related” to such users within the meaning of the Code or (ii) subject to a federal alternative minimum tax, the federal “branch profits” tax, or the federal “excess net passive income” tax.
Any recognized gain or income attributable to market discount on long-term tax-exempt municipal obligations (i.e., obligations with a term of more than one year) purchased after April 30, 1993 (except to the extent of a portion of the discount attributable to original issue discount), is taxable as ordinary income. A long-term debt obligation is generally treated as acquired at a market discount if purchased after its original issue at a price less than (i) the stated principal amount payable at maturity, in the case of an obligation that does not have original issue discount or (ii) in the case of an obligation that does have original issue discount, the sum of the issue price and any original issue discount that accrued before the obligation was purchased, subject to a de minimis exclusion.
From time to time proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating the federal income tax exemption for interest on certain types of municipal obligations, and it can be expected that similar proposals may be introduced in the future. As a result of any such future legislation, the availability of municipal obligations for investment by a Fund and the value of the securities held by it may be affected. It is possible that events occurring after the date of issuance of municipal obligations, or after a Fund’s acquisition of such an obligation, may result in a determination that the interest paid on that obligation is taxable, even retroactively.
In the course of managing its investments, a Fund may realize some short-term and long-term capital gains (and/or losses) as well as other taxable income. Any distributions by a Fund of its share of such capital gains (after reduction by any capital loss carryforwards) or other taxable income would be taxable to shareholders of the Fund. However, it is expected that such amounts, if any, would normally be insubstantial in relation to the tax-exempt interest earned by the Fund.
A Fund’s investments in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts (to the extent permitted) and certain other transactions may be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to a Fund, defer Fund losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of Fund securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to investors.
A Fund’s investment in so-called "section 1256 contracts," such as regulated futures contracts, most foreign currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most stock indices, are subject to special tax rules. All section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in a Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by a Fund from positions in section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a "hedging transaction" nor part of a "straddle," 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by a Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if a Fund has been a party to a swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss. The tax treatment of many types of credit default swaps is uncertain.
Any loss realized upon the sale or exchange of Fund shares with a tax holding period of six months or less will be disallowed to the extent of any distributions treated as tax-exempt interest with respect to such shares and if the loss exceeds the disallowed amount, will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions treated as long-term capital gain with respect to such shares. In addition, all or a portion of a loss realized on a redemption or other disposition of Fund shares may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent the shareholder acquired other shares of the same Fund (whether through the reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within the period beginning 30 days before the redemption of the loss shares and ending 30 days after such date. Any disallowed loss will result in an adjustment to the shareholder’s tax basis in some or all of the other shares acquired.
Sales charges paid upon a purchase of shares subject to a front-end sales charge cannot be taken into account for purposes of determining gain or loss on a redemption or exchange of the shares before the 91st day after their purchase to the extent a sales charge is reduced or eliminated in a subsequent acquisition of Fund shares (or shares of another fund) pursuant to the reinvestment or exchange privilege. Any disregarded amounts will result in an adjustment to the shareholder’s tax basis in some or all of any other shares acquired.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Dividends and distributions on a Fund’s shares are generally subject to federal income tax as described herein to the extent they are made out of a Fund’s earnings and profits, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Fund’s net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized, or realized but not distributed. Such realized gains may be required to be distributed even when a Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses. Certain distributions declared in October, November or December and paid in the following January will be taxed to shareholders as if received on December 31 of the year in which they were declared.
The Code imposes a new 3.8% Medicare tax on unearned income of certain U.S. individuals, estates and trusts. For individuals, the tax is on the lesser of the “net investment income” and the excess of modified adjusted gross income over $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly). Net investment income includes interest, dividends, and gross income and capital gains derived from passive activities and trading in securities or commodities. Net investment income is reduced by deductions “properly allocable” to this income. This tax is effective with respect to amounts received, and taxable years beginning, after December 31, 2012.
In general, dividends (other than capital gain dividends and exempt-interest dividends) paid to a shareholder that is not a “U.S. person” within the meaning of the Code (a “foreign person” or "foreign shareholder") are subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate). The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a foreign person who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the foreign person’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the foreign person were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional "branch profits tax" imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A foreign person who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to backup withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2012, properly-designated dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of a Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, a Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of a Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of a Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, a Fund may designate all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a Fund designates the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2012, distributions that a Fund designates as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation and a Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of a Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by a Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of a Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if a Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from a Fund on or before December 31, 2011 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of a Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of a Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years. It is not expected that a significant portion of a Fund’s interests will be in U.S. real property.
In addition, the same rules apply with respect to distributions to a foreign shareholder from a Fund and redemptions of a foreign shareholder’s interest in a Fund attributable to a REIT’s distribution to a Fund of gain from, if a Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels. The rule with respect to distributions and redemptions attributable to a REIT’s distribution to a Fund will not expire for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2012.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
The rules laid out in the previous two paragraphs, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding a Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of a Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market and a Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2011, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of a Fund will cause a Fund to recognize gain. If a Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount of gain recognized will equal to the fair market value of such interests over a Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
The Code will impose a U.S. withholding tax of 30% on payments (including gross proceeds) that are attributable to certain U.S. investments and made to a non-U.S. financial institution, including a non-U.S. investment fund. A Fund will withhold at this rate on certain of its distributions unless any non-U.S. financial institution shareholder complies with certain reporting requirements to the IRS in respect of its direct and indirect U.S. investors effective beginning with payments made after December 31, 2012. Non-U.S. financial institution shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible implications of these requirements on their investment in a Fund.
Amounts paid by a Fund to individuals and certain other shareholders who have not provided the Fund with their correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”) and certain certifications required by the IRS as well as shareholders with respect to whom the Fund has received certain information from the IRS or a broker, may be subject to “backup” withholding of federal income tax arising from the Fund’s taxable dividends and other distributions as well as the proceeds of redemption transactions (including repurchases and exchanges), at a rate of 28% for amounts paid through 2012. The backup withholding rate will be 31% for amounts paid thereafter. An individual’s TIN is generally his or her social security number. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.
Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder realizes a loss on disposition of a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances. Under certain circumstances, certain tax-exempt entities and their managers may be subject to excise tax if they are parties to certain reportable transactions.
The foregoing discussion does not address all of the special tax rules applicable to certain classes of investors, such as tax-exempt entities, foreign investors, insurance companies and financial institutions. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers with respect to special tax rules that may apply in their particular situations, as well as the federal, state, local, and, where applicable, foreign tax consequences of investing in a Fund.
See Appendix E for state tax information for certain states.
PORTFOLIO SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS |
Decisions concerning the execution of portfolio security transactions, including the selection of the market and the broker-dealer firm, are made by BMR, each Fund’s investment adviser. Each Fund is responsible for the expenses associated with its portfolio transactions. The investment adviser is also responsible for the execution of transactions for all other accounts managed by it. The investment adviser places the portfolio security transactions for execution with one or more broker-dealer firms. The investment adviser uses its best efforts to obtain execution of portfolio security transactions at prices which in the investment adviser’s judgment are advantageous to the client and at a reasonably competitive spread or (when a disclosed commission is being charged) at reasonably competitive commission rates. In seeking such execution, the investment adviser will use its best judgment in evaluating the terms of a transaction, and will give consideration to various relevant factors, including without limitation the full range and quality of the broker-dealer firm’s services including the responsiveness of the firm to the investment adviser, the size and type of the transaction, the nature and character of the market for the security, the confidentiality, speed and certainty of effective execution required for the transaction, the general execution and operational capabilities of the broker-dealer firm, the reputation, reliability, experience and financial condition of the firm, the value and quality of the services rendered by the firm in other transactions, and the amount of the spread or commission, if any. In addition, the investment adviser may consider the receipt of Research Services (as defined below), provided it does not compromise the investment adviser’s obligation to seek best overall execution for a Fund. The investment adviser may engage in portfolio brokerage transactions with a broker-dealer firm that sells shares of Eaton Vance funds, provided such transactions are not directed to that firm as compensation for the promotion or sale of such shares.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Municipal obligations, including state obligations, purchased and sold by each Fund are generally traded in the over-the-counter market on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through broker-dealers and banks acting for their own account rather than as brokers, or otherwise involve transactions directly with the issuer of such obligations. Such firms attempt to profit from such transactions by buying at the bid price and selling at the higher asked price of the market for such obligations, and the difference between the bid and asked price is customarily referred to as the spread. Each Fund may also purchase municipal obligations from underwriters, and dealers in fixed-price offerings, the cost of which may include undisclosed fees and concessions to the underwriters. On occasion it may be necessary or appropriate to purchase or sell a security through a broker on an agency basis, in which case the Fund will incur a brokerage commission. Although spreads or commissions on portfolio security transactions will, in the judgment of the investment adviser, be reasonable in relation to the value of the services provided, spreads or commissions exceeding those which another firm might charge may be paid to firms who were selected to execute transactions on behalf of each Fund and the investment adviser’s other clients for providing brokerage and research services to the investment adviser.
Pursuant to the safe harbor provided in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act"), a broker or dealer who executes a portfolio transaction may receive a commission that is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the investment adviser determines in good faith that such compensation was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided. This determination may be made either on the basis of that particular transaction or on the basis of the overall responsibility which the investment adviser and its affiliates have for accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. "Research Services" as used herein includes any and all brokerage and research services to the extent permitted by Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. Generally, Research Services may include, but are not limited to, such matters as research, analytical and quotation services, data, information and other services products and materials which assist the investment adviser in the performance of its investment responsibilities. More specifically, Research Services may include general economic, political, business and market information, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities and portfolio strategies and transactions, technical analysis of various aspects of the securities markets, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities and other portfolio transactions, certain financial, industry and trade publications, certain news and information services, and certain research oriented computer software, data bases and services. Any particular Research Service obtained through a broker-dealer may be used by the investment adviser in connection with client accounts other than those accounts which pay commissions to such broker-dealer. Any such Research Service may be broadly useful and of value to the investment adviser in rendering investment advisory services to all or a significant portion of its clients, or may be relevant and useful for the management of only one client’s account or of a few clients’ accounts, or may be useful for the management of merely a segment of certain clients’ accounts, regardless of whether any such account or accounts paid commissions to the broker-dealer through which such Research Service was obtained. The investment adviser evaluates the nature and quality of the various Research Services obtained through broker-dealer firms and may attempt to allocate sufficient portfolio security transactions to such firms to ensure the continued receipt of Research Services which the investment adviser believes are useful or of value to it in rendering investment advisory services to its clients. The investment adviser may also receive brokerage and Research Services from underwriters and dealers in fixed-price offerings.
Research Services provided by (and produced by) broker-dealers that execute portfolio transactions or from affiliates of executing broker-dealers are referred to as “Proprietary Research”. The investment adviser may and does consider the receipt of Proprietary Research Services as a factor in selecting broker dealers to execute client portfolio transactions, provided it does not compromise the investment adviser’s obligation to seek best overall execution. The investment adviser also may consider the receipt of Research Services under so called “client commission arrangements” or “commission sharing arrangements” (both referred to as “CCAs”) as a factor in selecting broker dealers to execute transactions, provided it does not compromise the investment adviser’s obligation to seek best overall execution. Under a CCA arrangement, the investment adviser may cause client accounts to effect transactions through a broker-dealer and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions paid on those transactions to a pool of commission credits that are paid to other firms that provide Research Services to the investment adviser. Under a CCA, the broker-dealer that provides the Research Services need not execute the trade. Participating in CCAs may enable the investment adviser to consolidate payments for research using accumulated client commission credits from transactions executed through a particular broker-dealer to periodically pay for Research Services obtained from and provided by other firms, including other broker-dealers that supply Research Services. The investment adviser believes that CCAs offer the potential to optimize the execution of trades and the acquisition of a variety of high quality Research Services that the investment adviser might not be provided access to absent CCAs. The investment adviser will only enter into and utilize CCAs to the extent permitted by Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
The investment companies sponsored by the investment adviser or its affiliates may also allocate trades in such offerings to acquire information relating to the performance, fees and expenses of such companies and other investment companies, which information is used by the Trustees of such companies to fulfill their responsibility to oversee the quality of the services provided by various entities, including the investment adviser, to such companies. Such companies may also pay cash for such information.
Municipal obligations considered as investments for a Fund may also be appropriate for other investment accounts managed by the investment adviser or its affiliates. Whenever decisions are made to buy or sell securities by a Fund and one or more of such other accounts simultaneously, the investment adviser will allocate the security transactions (including “new” issues) in a manner which it believes to be equitable under the circumstances. As a result of such allocations, there may be instances where a Fund will not participate in a transaction that is allocated among other accounts. If an aggregated order cannot be filled completely, allocations will generally be made on a pro rata basis. An order may not be allocated on a pro rata basis where, for example: (i) consideration is given to portfolio managers who have been instrumental in developing or negotiating a particular investment; (ii) consideration is given to an account with specialized investment policies that coincide with the particulars of a specific investment; (iii) pro rata allocation would result in odd-lot or de minimis amounts being allocated to a portfolio or other client; or (iv) where the investment adviser reasonably determines that departure from a pro rata allocation is advisable. While these aggregation and allocation policies could have a detrimental effect on the price or amount of the securities available to a Fund from time to time, it is the opinion of the Trustees of the Trust that the benefits from the investment adviser organization outweigh any disadvantage that may arise from exposure to simultaneous transactions.
The following table shows brokerage commissions paid during each of the three fiscal years ended September 30, 2010, 2009 and 2008 respectively, as well as the amount of Fund security transactions for the most recent fiscal year (if any) that were directed to firms that provided some Research Services to the investment adviser or its affiliates (see above), and the commissions paid in connection therewith.
| | | | | |
| | | | | Commissions Paid on |
| | | | Amount of Transactions | Transactions |
| | | | Directed to Firms | Directed to Firms |
| Brokerage Commissions Paid for the Fiscal Year Ended | Providing Research | Providing Research |
Fund | 9/30/10 | 9/30/09 | 9/30/08 | 9/30/10 | 9/30/10 |
California | $4,113 | $6,734 | $8,446 | $0 | $0 |
Massachusetts | 6,738 | 14,595 | 14,851 | 0 | 0 |
New York | 10,934 | 17,234 | 18,515 | 0 | 0 |
Ohio | 8,977 | 13,325 | 14,760 | 0 | 0 |
Rhode Island | 322 | 511 | 546 | 0 | 0 |
As of September 30, 2010, each Fund held no securities of its “regular brokers or dealers”, as that term is defined in Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act.
The audited financial statements of, and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds, appear in the Funds’ most recent annual report to shareholders and are incorporated by reference into this SAI. A copy of the annual report accompanies this SAI.
Householding. Consistent with applicable law, duplicate mailings of shareholder reports and certain other Fund information to shareholders residing at the same address may be eliminated.
Registrant incorporates by reference the audited financial information and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds listed below for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, as previously filed electronically with the SEC:
Eaton Vance California Municipal Income Fund Eaton Vance Massachusetts Municipal Income Fund Eaton Vance New York Municipal Income Fund Eaton Vance Ohio Municipal Income Fund Eaton Vance Rhode Island Municipal Income Fund (Accession No. 0000950123-10-107765) |
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Class A Fees, Performance & Ownership |
Sales Charges and Distribution and Service Fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the following table shows (1) total sales charges paid by each Fund, (2) sales charges paid to financial intermediaries, (3) sales charges paid to the principal underwriter, (4) CDSC payments to the principal underwriter, (5) total distribution and service fees paid by each Fund, and (6) distribution and service fees paid to financial intermediaries. Distribution and service fees that were not paid to financial intermediaries were retained by the principal underwriter.
| | | | | | |
| | | | CDSC to | | Distribution and |
| Total Sales | Sales Charges to | Sales Charges to | Principal | Total Distribution | Service Fees Paid to |
Fund | Charges Paid | Financial Intermediaries | Principal Underwriter | Underwriter | and Service Fees Paid | Financial Intermediaries |
California | $157,733 | $130,460 | $27,273 | $— | $461,801 | $388,200 |
Massachusetts | 224,170 | 185,187 | 38,983 | 12,000 | 385,898 | 336,104 |
New York | 526,206 | 449,768 | 76,438 | 29,000 | 614,860 | 503,447 |
Ohio | 666,404 | 560,025 | 106,379 | 21,000 | 511,768 | 425,568 |
Rhode Island | 84,699 | 76,396 | 8,303 | 9,000 | 78,700 | 64,909 |
For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2008, the following total sales charges were paid on sales of Class A, of which the principal underwriter received the following amounts. The balance of such amounts was paid to financial intermediaries.
| | | | |
| September 30, 2009 | September 30, 2009 | September 30, 2008 | September 30, 2008 |
| Total Sales | Sales Charges to | Total Sales | Sales Charges to |
Fund | Charges Paid | Principal Underwriter | Charges Paid | Principal Underwriter |
California | $240,828 | $14,403 | $436,887 | $22,523 |
Massachusetts | 257,304 | 14,352 | 484,608 | 22,735 |
New York | 564,106 | 31,418 | 740,001 | 35,157 |
Ohio | 562,090 | 33,448 | 1,018,113 | 58,179 |
Rhode Island | 44,530 | 1,584 | 132,040 | 8,599 |
Performance Information. The tables below indicate the average annual total return (both before and after taxes) on a hypothetical investment of $1,000 in this Class of shares for the periods shown in each table. Any performance presented with an asterisk (*) includes the effect of subsidizing expenses. Performance would have been lower without subsidies.
Total returns are historical and are calculated by determining the percentage change in net asset value or public offering price with all distributions reinvested. Each Fund’s past performance (both before and after taxes) is no guarantee of future results. Investment return and principal value of Fund shares will fluctuate so that shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance is for the stated time period only; due to market volatility, a Fund’s current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted return. For the Fund’s performance as of the most recent month-end, please refer to www.eatonvance.com.
About Returns After Taxes. After-tax returns are calculated using certain assumptions. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a shareholder’s tax situation and the actual characterization of distributions, and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to shareholders who hold shares in tax-deferred accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. Return After Taxes on Distributions for a period may be the same as Return Before Taxes for that period because no taxable distributions were made during that period, or because the taxable portion of distributions made during the period was insignificant. Also, Return After Taxes on Distributions and the sale of Fund Shares for a period may be greater than or equal to Return After Taxes on Distributions for the same period because of losses realized on the sale of Fund shares. A portion of the distributions made in the current year may be recharacterized as taxable after year-end.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
| | | |
California Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.36% | 3.28% | 4.76% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.31% | 2.29% | 4.25% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.33% | 3.21% | 4.71% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.28% | 2.21% | 4.21% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.06% | 3.43% | 4.76% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 1.70% | 2.56% | 4.30% |
| |
Massachusetts Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.26% | 3.01% | 4.78% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.26% | 2.02% | 4.27% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.24% | 3.00% | 4.77% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.25% | 2.01% | 4.26% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.07% | 3.22% | 4.81% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 1.75% | 2.36% | 4.35% |
| |
New York Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.70% | 3.31% | 5.01% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.72% | 2.32% | 4.51% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.68% | 3.24% | 4.96% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.71% | 2.25% | 4.46% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.34% | 3.46% | 5.00% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 2.04% | 2.60% | 4.54% |
| |
Ohio Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.17% | 4.05% | 5.23% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | -0.82% | 3.06% | 4.73% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.17% | 4.05% | 5.23% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | -0.82% | 3.05% | 4.72% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.17% | 4.08% | 5.20% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.86% | 3.21% | 4.74% |
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
| | | |
Rhode Island Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.24% | 3.00% | 4.65% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.23% | 2.00% | 4.14% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 5.22% | 2.99% | 4.64% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.21% | 1.99% | 4.14% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.92% | 3.18% | 4.66% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 1.59% | 2.31% | 4.21% |
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities. At January 1, 2011, the Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a group, owned in the aggregate less than 1% of the outstanding shares of this Class of a Fund. In addition, as of the same date, the following person(s) held the share percentage indicated below, which was owned either (i) beneficially by such person(s) or (ii) of record by such person(s) on behalf of customers who are the beneficial owners of such shares and as to which such record owner(s) may exercise voting rights under certain limited circumstances:
| | | |
California Fund | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | Jacksonville, FL | 11.44% |
| Morgan Stanley Smith Barney | Jersey City, NJ | 10.72% |
| Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | Owings Mills, MD | 6.82% |
Massachusetts | | | |
Fund | Stifel Nicolaus & Co., Inc. | ST. Louis, MO | 12.03% |
| Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | Jacksonville, FL | 10.03% |
| Pershing LLC | Jersey City, NJ | 8.18% |
| Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | Owings Mills, MD | 6.46% |
| Morgan Stanley Smith Barney | Jersey City, NJ | 5.84% |
New York Fund | Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | Owings Mills, MD | 10.77% |
| Pershing LLC | Jersey City, NJ | 7.76% |
| Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | Jacksonville, FL | 6.27% |
| Morgan Stanley Smith Barney | Jersey City, NJ | 6.05% |
Ohio Fund | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | Jacksonville, FL | 12.32% |
| Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | Owings Mills, MD | 5.19% |
Rhode Island Fund | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | Jacksonville, FL | 17.72% |
| Pershing LLC | Jersey City, NJ | 14.55% |
Beneficial owners of 25% or more of a Class are presumed to be in control of the Class for purposes of voting on certain matters submitted to shareholders.
To the knowledge of the Trust, no other person owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of this Class of a Fund as of such date.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Class B Fees, Performance & Ownership |
Distribution and Service Fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the following table shows (1) sales commissions paid by the principal underwriter to financial intermediaries on sales of Class B shares, (2) distribution fees paid to the principal underwriter under the Distribution Plan, (3) CDSC payments to the principal underwriter, (4) uncovered distribution charges under the Distribution Plan (dollar amount and as a percentage of net assets attributable to Class B), (5) service fees paid under the Distribution Plan, and (6) service fees paid to financial intermediaries. The service fees paid by the Funds that were not paid to financial intermediaries were retained by the principal underwriter.
| | | | | | |
| Commission Paid | | | | | |
| by Principal | Distribution Fee | | | | Service Fees |
| Underwriter to | Paid to | CDSC Paid to | Uncovered | Service | Paid to |
Fund | Financial Intermediaries | Principal Underwriter | Principal Underwriter | Distribution Charges | Fees | Financial Intermediaries |
|
California | $16,269 | $25,324 | $4,000 | $25,000 (0.7%) | $8,441 | $7,069 |
|
New York | 49,388 | 81,124 | 15,000 | 262,000 (2.3%) | 21,632 | 18,644 |
|
Rhode Island | 4,135 | 49,837 | 10,000 | 994,000 (18.9%) | 13,291 | 12,234 |
Performance Information. The tables below indicate the average annual total return (both before and after taxes) on a hypothetical investment of $1,000 in this Class of shares for the periods shown in each table. Any performance presented with an asterisk (*) includes the effect of subsidizing expenses. Performance would have been lower without subsidies.
Total returns are historical and are calculated by determining the percentage change in net asset value or public offering price with all distributions reinvested. Each Fund’s past performance (both before and after taxes) is no guarantee of future results. Investment return and principal value of Fund shares will fluctuate so that shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance is for the stated time period only; due to market volatility, a Fund’s current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted return. For the Fund’s performance as of the most recent month-end, please refer to www.eatonvance.com.
About Returns After Taxes. After-tax returns are calculated using certain assumptions. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a shareholder’s tax situation and the actual characterization of distributions, and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to shareholders who hold shares in tax-deferred accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. Return After Taxes on Distributions for a period may be the same as Return Before Taxes for that period because no taxable distributions were made during that period, or because the taxable portion of distributions made during the period was insignificant. Also, Return After Taxes on Distributions and the sale of Fund Shares for a period may be greater than or equal to Return After Taxes on Distributions for the same period because of losses realized on the sale of Fund shares. A portion of the distributions made in the current year may be recharacterized as taxable after year-end.
| | | |
California Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.65% | 2.52% | 4.19% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | -0.35% | 2.18% | 4.19% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.62% | 2.44% | 4.15% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | -0.38% | 2.10% | 4.15% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.34% | 2.67% | 4.19% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 1.09% | 2.39% | 4.19% |
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
| | | |
New York Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.84% | 2.55% | 4.33% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | -0.16% | 2.22% | 4.33% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.82% | 2.49% | 4.28% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | -0.18% | 2.16% | 4.28% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.53% | 2.72% | 4.31% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 1.28% | 2.44% | 4.31% |
| |
Rhode Island Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.46% | 2.24% | 3.87% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | -0.54% | 1.90% | 3.87% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.44% | 2.23% | 3.87% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | -0.56% | 1.89% | 3.87% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.15% | 2.43% | 3.89% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 0.90% | 2.14% | 3.89% |
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities. At January 1, 2011, the Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a group, owned in the aggregate less than 1% of the outstanding shares of this Class of a Fund. In addition, as of the same date, the following person(s) held the share percentage indicated below, which was owned either (i) beneficially by such person(s) or (ii) of record by such person(s) on behalf of customers who are the beneficial owners of such shares and as to which such record owner(s) may exercise voting rights under certain limited circumstances:
| | | |
California | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | Jacksonville, FL | 36.05% |
| Pershing LLC | Jersey City, NJ | 7.78% |
New York | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | Jacksonville, FL | 21.18% |
| Pershing LLC | Jersey City, NJ | 14.31% |
Rhode Island | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | Jacksonville, FL | 41.59% |
| Pershing LLC | Jersey City, NJ | 7.81% |
Beneficial owners of 25% or more of a Class are presumed to be in control of the Class for purposes of voting on certain matters submitted to shareholders.
To the knowledge of the Trust, no other person owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of this Class of a Fund as of such date.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Class C Fees, Performance & Ownership |
Distribution and Service Fees. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010, the following table shows (1) sales commissions paid by the principal underwriter to financial intermediaries on sales of Class C shares, (2) distribution fees paid to the principal underwriter under the Distribution Plan, (3) CDSC payments to the principal underwriter, (4) uncovered distribution charges under the Distribution Plan (dollar amount and as a percentage of net assets attributable to Class C), (5) service fees paid under the Distribution Plan, and (6) service fees paid to financial intermediaries. The service fees paid by the Funds that were not paid to financial intermediaries were retained by the principal underwriter.
| | | | | | |
| Commission Paid by | Distribution Fee | CDSC Paid to | | | Service Fees |
| Principal Underwriter to | Paid to | Principal | Uncovered | Service | Paid to |
Fund | Financial Intermediaries | Principal Underwriter | Underwriter | Distribution Charges | Fees | Financial Intermediaries |
California | $94,056 | $94,340 | $1,000 | $1,084,000 (8.3%) | $31,447 | $29,196 |
Massachusetts | 113,575 | 147,906 | 5,000 | 2,083,000 (9.2%) | 39,441 | 22,487 |
New York | 308,552 | 331,207 | 8,000 | 3,374,000 (7.2%) | 88,322 | 88,599 |
Ohio | 222,196 | 221,665 | 300 | 2,914,000 (9.5%) | 59,111 | 58,594 |
Rhode Island | 23,439 | 29,187 | 40 | 390,000 (11.3%) | 7,783 | 6,202 |
Performance Information. The tables below indicate the average annual total return (both before and after taxes) on a hypothetical investment in shares of $1,000. Total return for the period prior to the date this Class of each Fund was first offered, reflects the total return of Class B, adjusted to reflect the Class C CDSC. The Class C total return has not been adjusted to reflect certain other expenses (such as distribution and service fees). If such adjustments were made, the Class C total return would be different. Any performance presented with an asterisk (*) includes the effect of subsidizing expenses. Performance would have been lower without subsidies.
Total returns are historical and are calculated by determining the percentage change in net asset value or public offering price with all distributions reinvested. Each Fund’s past performance (both before and after taxes) is no guarantee of future results. Investment return and principal value of Fund shares will fluctuate so that shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance is for the stated time period only; due to market volatility, a Fund’s current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted return. For the Fund’s performance as of the most recent month-end, please refer to www.eatonvance.com.
About Returns After Taxes. After-tax returns are calculated using certain assumptions. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a shareholder’s tax situation and the actual characterization of distributions, and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to shareholders who hold shares in tax-deferred accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. Return After Taxes on Distributions for a period may be the same as Return Before Taxes for that period because no taxable distributions were made during that period, or because the taxable portion of distributions made during the period was insignificant. Also, Return After Taxes on Distributions and the sale of Fund Shares for a period may be greater than or equal to Return After Taxes on Distributions for the same period because of losses realized on the sale of Fund shares. A portion of the distributions made in the current year may be recharacterized as taxable after year-end.
| | | |
California Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.65% | 2.52% | 4.18% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.65% | 2.52% | 4.18% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.62% | 2.44% | 4.13% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.62% | 2.44% | 4.13% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.35% | 2.67% | 4.18% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.70% | 2.67% | 4.18% |
Class C commenced operations August 31, 2004. | | | |
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
| | | |
Massachusetts Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.50% | 2.26% | 4.03% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.50% | 2.26% | 4.03% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.48% | 2.26% | 4.02% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.48% | 2.26% | 4.02% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.32% | 2.48% | 4.06% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.67% | 2.48% | 4.06% |
Class C commenced operations May 2, 2006. | | | |
| |
New York Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.84% | 2.53% | 4.08% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.84% | 2.53% | 4.08% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.82% | 2.47% | 4.03% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.82% | 2.47% | 4.03% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.53% | 2.70% | 4.08% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.88% | 2.70% | 4.08% |
Class C commenced operations September 30, 2003. | | | |
| |
Ohio Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 3.42% | 3.30% | 4.46% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 2.42% | 3.30% | 4.46% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 3.42% | 3.29% | 4.46% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 2.42% | 3.29% | 4.46% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 3.43% | 3.33% | 4.43% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 2.78% | 3.33% | 4.43% |
Class C commenced operations February 3, 2006. | | | |
| |
Rhode Island Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.35% | 2.19% | 3.85% |
Before Taxes and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.35% | 2.19% | 3.85% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.33% | 2.19% | 3.84% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.33% | 2.19% | 3.84% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Excluding Maximum Sales Charge | 4.07% | 2.38% | 3.87% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption and Including Maximum Sales Charge | 3.42% | 2.38% | 3.87% |
Class C commenced operations March 20, 2006. | | | |
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities. At January 1, 2011, the Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a group, owned in the aggregate less than 1% of the outstanding shares of this Class of a Fund. In addition, as of the same date, the following person(s) held the share percentage indicated below, which was owned either (i) beneficially by such person(s) or (ii) of record by such person(s) on behalf of customers who are the beneficial owners of such shares and as to which such record owner(s) may exercise voting rights under certain limited circumstances:
| | | |
California | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | Jacksonville, FL | 30.71% |
| Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | Owings Mills, MD | 7.35% |
Massachusetts | Pershing LLC | Jersey City, NJ | 20.96% |
| Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | Jacksonville, FL | 18.66% |
| American Enterprise Investment Services | Minneapolis, MN | 9.13% |
New York | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | Jacksonville, FL | 22.84% |
| Pershing LLC | Jersey City, NJ | 16.14% |
| Morgan Stanley Smith Barney | Jersey City, NJ | 8.16% |
| Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | Owings Mills, MD | 7.09% |
Ohio | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | Jacksonville, FL | 19.79% |
| Pershing LLC | Jersey City, NJ | 6.13% |
Rhode Island | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | Jacksonville, FL | 46.32% |
| First Clearing, LLC | Tiverton, RI | 12.35% |
| Joseph F. Pavao Jr. & Geraldine N. Pavao JTWROS | Portsmouth, RI | 5.10% |
Beneficial owners of 25% or more of a Class are presumed to be in control of the Class for purposes of voting on certain matters submitted to shareholders.
To the knowledge of the Trust, no other person owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of this Class of a Fund as of such date.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Class I Performance & Ownership |
The Trustees of the Trust have determined that Class I shares of the Massachusetts Fund shall only be available to employees of Eaton Vance Corp. (and its affiliates, including subsidiaries), clients of Eaton Vance Corp. (and its affiliates, including subsidiaries) and certain institutional investors. The Massachusetts Fund and/or the principal underwriter reserve the right to permit purchases by other than affiliates, subsidiaries or clients of Eaton Vance Corp.
Performance Information. The tables below indicate the average annual total return (both before and after taxes) on a hypothetical investment of $1,000 in this Class of shares for the periods shown in each table. Total return for the period prior to March 3, 2008 (for the California and New York Funds) reflects the total return of Class B shares, adjusted to reflect certain other expenses (such as distribution and/or service fees). If such adjustments were made, the Class I total return would be different. Any performance presented with an asterisk (*) includes the effect of subsidizing expenses. Performance would have been lower without subsidies.
Total returns are historical and are calculated by determining the percentage change in net asset value or public offering price with all distributions reinvested. Each Fund’s past performance (both before and after taxes) is no guarantee of future results. Investment return and principal value of Fund shares will fluctuate so that shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance is for the stated time period only; due to market volatility, a Fund’s current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted return. For the Fund’s performance as of the most recent month-end, please refer to www.eatonvance.com.
About Returns After Taxes. After-tax returns are calculated using certain assumptions. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a shareholder’s tax situation and the actual characterization of distributions, and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to shareholders who hold shares in tax-deferred accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. Return After Taxes on Distributions for a period may be the same as Return Before Taxes for that period because no taxable distributions were made during that period, or because the taxable portion of distributions made during the period was insignificant. Also, Return After Taxes on Distributions and the sale of Fund Shares for a period may be greater than or equal to Return After Taxes on Distributions for the same period because of losses realized on the sale of Fund shares. A portion of the distributions made in the current year may be recharacterized as taxable after year-end.
| | | |
California Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes | 5.61% | 3.43% | 4.83% |
After Taxes on Distributions | 5.58% | 2.65% | 3.50% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption | 5.31% | 2.86% | 3.54% |
Class I commenced operations March 3, 2008 | | | |
| |
Massachusetts Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes | 5.46% | 3.22% | 5.01% |
After Taxes on Distributions | 5.45% | 3.21% | 5.00% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption | 5.27% | 3.43% | 5.04% |
| |
New York Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes | 5.78% | 3.38% | 5.05% |
After Taxes on Distributions | 5.76% | 2.61% | 3.71% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption | 5.47% | 2.83% | 3.74% |
Class I commenced operations March 3, 2008 | | | |
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
| | | |
Ohio Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes | 4.16% | 4.05% | 5.23% |
After Taxes on Distributions | 2.65% | 2.48% | 3.41% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption | 2.66% | 2.52% | 3.38% |
Class I commenced operations August 3, 2010 | | | |
| |
Rhode Island Fund | Length of Period Ended September 30, 2010 |
Average Annual Total Return: | One Year | Five Years | Ten Years |
Before Taxes | 5.13% | 2.98% | 4.64% |
After Taxes on Distributions | 3.55% | 1.40% | 2.92% |
After Taxes on Distributions and Redemption | 3.29% | 1.60% | 2.95% |
Class I commenced operations August 3, 2010 | | | |
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities. At January 1, 2011, the Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a group, owned in the aggregate less than 1% of the outstanding shares of this Class of a Fund. In addition, as of the same date, the following person(s) held the share percentage indicated below, which was owned either (i) beneficially by such person(s) or (ii) of record by such person(s) on behalf of customers who are the beneficial owners of such shares and as to which such record owner(s) may exercise voting rights under certain limited circumstances:
| | | |
California | Wells Fargo Bank NA | Minneapolis, MN | 43.40% |
| Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | Jacksonville, FL | 32.07% |
| LPL Financial | San Diego, CA | 7.38% |
| NFS LLC FEBO Sandra R Glass | Montecito, CA | 5.80% |
Massachusetts | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | Jacksonville, FL | 18.18% |
| First Clearing, LLC | St. Louis, MO | 15.12% |
| Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | Owings Mills, MD | 14.31% |
| NFS LLC FEBO Fiduciary Trust Company | Boston, MA | 9.32% |
| SEI Private Trust Company c/o State Street Bank & Trust | Oaks, PA | 7.66% |
| NFS LLC FEBO Mary Revelle Paci | New York, NY | 6.12% |
New York | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | Jacksonville, FL | 71.55% |
| Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | Owings Mills, MD | 7.58% |
| Wells Fargo Bank, NA FBO Rosen P. Agency | Minneapolis, MN | 7.38% |
Ohio | Eaton Vance Management | Boston, MA | 100.00% |
Rhode Island | Eaton Vance Management | Boston, MA | 100.00% |
Beneficial owners of 25% or more of a Class are presumed to be in control of the Class for purposes of voting on certain matters submitted to shareholders.
To the knowledge of the Trust, no other person owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of this Class of a Fund as of such date.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
STATE SPECIFIC INFORMATION |
Risks of Concentration. The following information as to certain state specific considerations is given to investors in view of a Fund’s policy of concentrating its investments in particular state issuers. Such information supplements the information in the prospectus. It is derived from sources that are generally available to investors and is believed to be accurate. Such information constitutes only a brief summary, does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to securities offerings of issuers of each particular state. The Trust has not independently verified this information.
The bond ratings provided in the prospectus are current as of the date of the prospectus and are based on economic conditions which may not continue; moreover, there can be no assurance that particular bond issues may not be adversely affected by changes in economic, political or other conditions. Unless stated otherwise, the ratings indicated are for obligations of the state. A state’s political subdivisions may have different ratings which are unrelated to the ratings assigned to state obligations.
Population and Economy of the State
The State of California (the "State") is by far the most populous state in the nation, over 48 percent larger than the second-ranked state according to the 2010 U.S. Census. The State's population of about 37.3 million represents over 12 percent of the total United States population.
California's economy, the largest among the 50 states and one of the largest and most diverse in the world, has major components in high technology, trade, entertainment, agriculture, manufacturing, government, tourism, construction and services. The relative proportion of the various components of the California economy closely resembles the make-up of the national economy.
The State, as the rest of the nation, is slowly emerging from a severe economic recession. During the recession, personal income fell in the State in the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first three quarters of 2009. The decline in the first quarter of 2009, 1.8 percent, was the largest since 1993. The State experienced continuous quarterly growth in personal income between the fourth quarter of 2009 and the third quarter of 2010 based on economic data released in December 2010.
Taxable sales fell sharply in the first half of 2009 before increasing in the third and fourth quarters of 2009 and the first quarter of 2010. Taxable sales fell for the second quarter of 2010 by 1.4 percent but rebounded with a 2.0 percent increase in the third quarter of 2010. The total assessed valuation of property in the State was lower in fiscal year 2009-10 than it was in the prior fiscal year. This was the first year-to-year decline in the Statewide total since the State began keeping records in 1933.
The State's unemployment rate increased from 6.1 percent at the start of 2008 to 12.4 percent in November 2010. The United States unemployment rate for November 2010 was 9.8 percent. Since the national recession began in December 2007, California has lost 1,096,700 jobs. Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 1,317,300 from December 2007 to November 2010. Through November 2010, the California construction industry lost 408,900 jobs, a drop of 43.1 percent from its peak in February 2006, and the California financial activities sector lost 163,600 jobs, a loss of 17.4 percent from its peak in May 2006. From January 2008 through November 2010, ten of California’s 11 major industry sectors lost jobs while the only major industry sector to add jobs was educational and health services.
The State’s housing sector remains weak but, for now, the precipitous decline of the State’s housing sector appears to have ended. Existing home sales appear to have stabilized around the half-million unit rate (seasonally-adjusted and annualized). The median sales price rose by nearly 5 percent from September 2009 to September 2010, but remained steady when comparing the median sales price in October 2009 with October 2010. Unsold inventory trended downward in 2009, as did the number of days needed to sell a home. While both measures appeared to bottom out early in 2010, they continued to trend downward during the summer and fall. The number of foreclosures initiated (seasonally adjusted) fell from 111,689 in the third quarter of 2009 to 83,261 in the third quarter of 2010. However, foreclosure rates may increase in the future as a result of the resetting of interest rates on adjustable rate mortgages, the commencement of principal payments on mortgages that were previously in an interest-only mode, and the expiration of mortgage foreclosure relief programs. In addition, it is generally believed that the State has a large (but difficult to measure) “hidden inventory” of homes in default or facing foreclosure.
Home building permitting, which suffered a long, steady three-year decline starting in 2005, bottomed out early in 2009 and increased on a year-over-year basis at the start of 2010. Permitting during the first nine months of 2010 was up 22 percent year-over-year, but remained at a very low level, only about 35 percent of the pre-recession levels. New residential construction measured by permits issued fell almost 90 percent in 2009 from its peak in 2004, and nonresidential construction in 2009 was
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valued at about one quarter of the peak valuation in 2008. Nonetheless, the State Controller’s December 2010 Summary Analysis provides that newly permitted residential units (seasonally adjusted) fell to 27,191 in October 2010, compared to 37,567 in October 2009.
Made-in-California exports were down 17 percent in 2009. The decline was widely spread across countries, reflecting the global nature of the economic downturn. Large declines in technology, transportation, and machinery exports were instrumental in the decline. However, with global economic conditions improving, California exports increased 21.5 percent year-over-year in the first two quarters of 2010.
Current Financial Stress and Recent State Budgets
Since the start of 2008, the State, as the rest of the nation, has been experiencing the most significant economic downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s, marked in California by high unemployment, steep contraction in housing construction and home values, a drop in Statewide assessed valuation of property for the first time on record, a year-over-year decline in personal income in the State for the first time in 60 years, and a sharp drop in taxable sales. The weakness in the State economy has caused State tax revenues to decline precipitously, resulting in large budget gaps and cash shortfalls. The State Legislature and former Governor Schwarzenegger adopted three major budget plans, covering both the 2008-09 and 2009-10 fiscal years, in less than 11 months, in response to continuing deterioration in the State's fiscal condition. After a 100-day impasse from the start of the 2010-11 fiscal year, the State Legislature enacted and former Governor Schwarzenegger signed a State budget for the 2010-11 fiscal year on October 8, 2010 that closed a $19.3 billion budget gap.
California's chronic budget crises have been driven by growing State spending commitments funded by temporary spikes in revenues. Once revenues return to their normal trend or drop precipitously, as has been the case in the recent recession, these commitments cannot be sustained, and dramatic cuts to programs and/or tax increases sometimes have been required. Budgets also have repeatedly been balanced using, at least in part, unrealized assumptions and one-time or temporary measures. As a result, budget deficits have recurred from year-to-year, and budget gaps are expected to continue to challenge State fiscal leaders in future years.
State Budget for Fiscal Year 2010-11
The State budget for fiscal year 2010-11 (“2010 Budget Act”) was passed by the Legislature and signed by former Governor Schwarzenegger on October 8, 2010. The 2010 Budget Act projected revenues and transfers to the General Fund of $94.2 billion, with expenditures of $86.6 billion, leaving a balance on June 30, 2011 of $1.3 billion (after taking into account the negative beginning fund balance from June 30, 2010 of $6.3 billion). An estimated $19.3 billion budget gap was resolved with a combination of expenditure reductions, federal funds and various other one-time receipts, loans and other solutions. Whether the State will be able to receive all the projected receipts or achieve all the planned expenditure reductions will depend on future actions at the State and Federal level, and there is no assurance that all of the assumptions will be met. Furthermore, Proposition 22, an initiative measure approved by the voters on November 2, 2010, prohibits the operation of certain parts of the 2010 Budget Act, with a negative effect of an estimated $850 million on the current fiscal year and increased effects on future years. Prior to enactment of the 2010 Budget Act, the Schwarzenegger Administration had reported a budget gap of $19.3 billion, including a $1.3 billion reserve based on projected General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2010-11 compared against projected expenditures (assuming the workload budget from fiscal year 2009-10, adjusted for increases in costs and certain other developments but no changes in law). The 2010 Budget Act planned to close the estimated budget gap by a combination of expenditure reductions, federal funds, and other solutions. The majority of these solutions are one-time or temporary in nature, which will cause budget gaps to recur in fiscal year 2011-12 and beyond. The 2010 Budget Act solutions consist of the following major components: $8.4 billion in expenditure reductions (43.6 percent of total solutions); $5.4 billion in additional federal funds above ongoing federal support of State programs and commitments of funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (28.0 percent of total solutions) (about $1.83 billion of these funds have been approved; the balance is being sought by the State); and $5.5 billion in other one-time solutions (28.4 percent of total solutions). These one-time solutions include a two-year suspension of the net operating loss carry forward provision on business income taxes, the sale and leaseback of 11 State office buildings, and borrowing from special funds and delaying repayment of earlier special fund loans.
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LAO Budget Review
On November 10, 2010, the Legislative Analyst's Office (“LAO”), which provides non-partisan fiscal and policy advice, released a report titled "The 2011-12 Budget: California's Fiscal Outlook" (the "LAO Report"). The LAO Report forecasts an annual budget shortfall of approximately $20 billion through 2015-16.
Using a variety of estimates and assumptions, the LAO Report projects that the State will incur a budget deficit of about $6.1 billion in fiscal year 2010-11 (compared to a budgeted positive reserve balance of $1.3 billion), and will face a budget gap of an additional $19 billion in fiscal year 2011-12, if no corrective actions are taken. In further explaining the reasons for the forecasted $6.1 billion deficit in fiscal year 2010-11, the LAO Report highlighted the following items: inability to achieve $3.5 billion of additional federal funding or flexibilities; net $3 billion of other budget solutions at risk, including higher prison and medical care costs; less savings from employee compensation agreements; less savings in Medi-Cal costs; less savings from In-Home Supportive Services costs; lower property tax receipts, which increase State costs for Proposition 98 aid to schools; less savings in information technology costs; lower revenue estimates from major State taxes in 2009-10 and 2010-11 of about $447 million, compared to LAO's earlier estimates on which the 2010 Budget Act was based; and $800 million negative impact from Proposition 22.
November 2010 Voter Initiative Measures
On November 2, 2010, voters approved three initiative measures, which impact the State’s budget or finances; all three of these measures were effective upon approval. Proposition 22 restricts the ability of the State to use or borrow money from local governments and moneys dedicated to transportation financing. It also prohibits actions taken in current and prior budgets to use excise taxes on motor vehicle fuels to offset General Fund costs of debt service on certain transportation bonds, and to borrow money from certain transportation funds. Proposition 25 reduces the required vote in each house of the Legislature to adopt the annual budget act, "trailer bills" which accompany the budget act, and other appropriations measures to a majority from two-thirds. Proposition 26 expands the definition of "taxes" under existing Constitutional provisions. Changes in taxes require a two-thirds vote of the Legislative to approve a tax increase.
State Cash Position
The sharp drop in revenues over the last two fiscal years resulted in a significant depletion of cash resources to pay the State's obligations. For a period of one month, the State Controller deferred making certain payments from the General Fund in order to conserve cash resources for high priority obligations, such as education and debt service. Full payments resumed in March 2009, and the State was able to pay all of its obligations through June 30, 2009, including repayment of $5.5 billion of 2008-09 revenue anticipation notes. However, by July 2009, as new budget gaps were identified and with the failure to adopt corrective actions, the State's cash resources had dwindled so far that, commencing July 2, 2009, the State Controller began to issue interest-bearing registered warrants (or "IOUs") for certain lower priority obligations in lieu of warrants (checks) which could be immediately cashed. The registered warrants, the issuance of which did not require the consent of the recipient's thereof, bore interest. A total of $2.6 billion of registered warrants were issued and $1.6 billion of other General Fund transfers and disbursements were delayed. With enactment of a revised budget for the 2009-10 fiscal year in late July 2009, the State was able to access financial markets to partially fund its cash flow requirements and was able to call all its outstanding registered warrants for redemption on September 4, 2009. The issuance of State registered warrants in 2009 was only the second time the State has issued registered warrants to such types of State creditors since the 1930s.
The State entered fiscal year 2010-11 on July 1, 2010 with General Fund cash and unused borrowable resources of approximately $8.8 billion, but without an enacted budget, which prevented the State from making payment for many programs which did not have continuing appropriations or constitutionally mandated payment obligations, and payments to a variety of suppliers of goods and services to the State. This allowed the State to conserve its cash resources, and, unlike the previous year, no registered warrants had to be issued.
Once the 2010 Budget Act was enacted, however, the State had to meet all its obligations which had remained unpaid in the absence of valid appropriations during the three months that the State had no approved budget and total approximately $6.7 billion payable from the General Fund. The requirement that the State make up these payments created cash challenges for October and November 2010. The State responded to these challenges by (1) enacting a cash management bill accompanying the 2010 Budget Act to allow for short term deferrals (mostly within October 2010 or from October 2010 to November 2010) of approximately $4.5 billion to help manage the cash flow during that period and (2) issuing $6.7 billion of 2010 Interim Revenue Anticipation Notes (the "Interim Notes") on October 28, 2010 in a private placement with multiple financial institutions. The State issued $10 billion of Revenue Anticipation Notes to public investors on November 23, 2010, and used the proceeds to repay the Interim Notes.
While the Schwarzenegger Administration's estimates of cash flow in fiscal year 2010-11 indicated a positive projected cash position in each month of fiscal year 2010-11 (even after reduction of borrowable resources due to Proposition 22), this was not
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indicative of a return to fiscal health. Rather, the State's cash position improved in 2010 as a result of (1) the cash deferral legislation passed in March 2010 and October 2010, described above and (2) continued heavy reliance on internal borrowing by the General Fund from various Special Funds. The State's fiscal officers are continuing to closely monitor developments which may impact the State's cash management requirements, including monthly cash receipts and disbursements. There can be no assurance that deterioration in revenue and/or increases in expenditures in the current fiscal year or early in fiscal year 2011-12 will not require State officers to implement additional cash management measures before the end of the fiscal year, including but not limited to additional payment deferrals, issuance of additional revenue anticipation notes, or issuance of registered warrants or registered reimbursement warrants, to supplement its cash management program for fiscal years 2010-11 or 2011-12.
Future Budgets and Governor’s Proposed 2011-12 Budget
It cannot be predicted what actions will be taken in the future by the State Legislature and Governor Brown to deal with California’s serious budgetary problems. The State budget will continue to be affected by national and State economic conditions and other factors, including a structural deficit that the LAO previously projected through 2015-16.
Governor Brown was sworn into office on January 3, 2011, and faced an estimated budget deficit of $25.4 billion through fiscal year 2011-12, comprised of a 2010-11 shortfall of $8.2 billion and a 2011-12 budget year shortfall of $17.2 billion. On January 10, 2011, Governor Brown delivered his 2011-12 proposed budget. The Governor’s budget proposes $12.5 billion in spending reductions, $12 billion in revenue extensions and modifications, $1.9 billion in other solutions and provides for a $1 billion reserve. Significant among the proposals is a realignment plan to shift control over government programs from the state level to the local level in an attempt to reduce duplication of services. Governor Brown also proposed extending three temporary 2009 tax increases upon voter approval to be sought in June 2011. The proposed 2011-12 budget includes a 10 percent reduction in pay for state workers not covered under collective bargaining agreements. The proposed budget has deep reductions in state spending, including with Medi-Cal, CalWORKS, the Department of Developmental Services and the state university systems, as well as eliminates state tax benefits for enterprise zones and eliminates redevelopment agencies.
Though the localities will have authority over government services and programs, there is no assurance that the localities will have the funding to provide for the services and programs after realignment. There is no guarantee that voters will approve extending the temporary tax increases, and further cuts in State services will be required if these extensions are not approved. There is also no guarantee that the State Legislature will approve the 2011-12 budget as proposed.
Ratings
As of December 2010, the following ratings for the State of California general obligation bonds have been received from Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"), Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ("S&P") and Fitch, Inc. ("Fitch"):
| | |
Fitch | Moody’s | S&P |
A- | A1 | A- |
These ratings are among the lowest of any of the 50 states; California and Illinois have the lowest credit rating of any state from Moody’s. These ratings apply to the State only and are not indicative of the ratings assigned to local governments, such as counties, cities, school districts and other local agencies.
Any explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained only from the rating agency furnishing such ratings. There is no assurance that such ratings will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely if, in the judgment of the particular rating agency, circumstances so warrant.
Local Governments
General. The primary units of local government in California are the 58 counties, which range in population from approximately 1,200 in Alpine County to approximately 10 million in Los Angeles County. Counties are responsible for the provision of many basic services, including indigent health care, welfare, jails, and public safety in unincorporated areas. There are also 480 incorporated cities in California and thousands of special districts formed for education, utilities, and other services. The fiscal
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condition of local governments has been constrained since Proposition 13, which added Article XIIIA to the State Constitution, was approved by California voters in 1978. Proposition 13 reduced and limited the future growth of property taxes and limited the ability of local governments to impose "special taxes" (those devoted to a specific purpose) without two-thirds voter approval. Proposition 218, another constitutional amendment enacted by initiative in 1996, further limited the ability of local governments to raise taxes, fees, and other exactions. Counties, in particular, have had fewer options to raise revenues than many other local government entities, while they have been required to maintain many services.
In the aftermath of Proposition 13, the State provided aid to local governments from the General Fund to make up some of the loss of property tax moneys, including assuming principal responsibility for funding K-12 schools and community colleges. During the recession of the early 1990s, the State Legislature reduced the post-Proposition 13 aid to local government entities other than K-12 schools and community colleges by requiring cities and counties to transfer some of their property tax revenues to school districts. However, the State Legislature also provided additional funding sources, such as sales taxes, and reduced certain mandates for local services funded by cities and counties.
The 2004 Budget Act, related legislation and the enactment of Proposition 1A in 2004 (described below) dramatically changed the State-local fiscal relationship. These constitutional and statutory changes implemented an agreement negotiated between former Governor Schwarzenegger and local government officials (the "State-local agreement") in connection with the 2004 Budget Act. One change relates to the reduction of the vehicle license fee ("VLF") rate from 2 percent to 0.65 percent of the market value of the vehicle. In order to protect local governments, which had previously received all VLF revenues, the 1.35 percent reduction in VLF revenue to cities and counties from this rate change was backfilled by an increase in the amount of property tax revenues they receive. This worked to the benefit of local governments, because the backfill amount annually increases in proportion to the growth in secured roll property tax revenues, which has historically grown at a higher rate than VLF revenues. This arrangement continues without change in the 2010-11 Budget Act.
Pursuant to statutory changes made in conjunction with the February 2009 Budget Package, the VLF rate increased from 0.65 percent to 1.15 percent effective May 19, 2009. Of this 0.50 percent increase, 0.35 percent will flow to the General Fund, and 0.15 percent will support various law enforcement programs previously funded by the State General Fund. This increased VLF rate is effective through the 2010-11 fiscal year.
As part of the State-local agreement, voters in the November 2004 election approved Proposition lA. Proposition lA of 2004 amended the State Constitution to, among other things, reduce the State Legislature's authority over local government revenue sources by placing restrictions on the State's access to local governments' property, sales, and VLF revenues as of November 3, 2004. Beginning with fiscal year 2008-09, the State is able to borrow up to 8 percent of local property tax revenues, but only if the Governor proclaims such action is necessary due to a severe State fiscal hardship and two-thirds of both houses of the State Legislature approves the borrowing. The amount borrowed is required to be paid back within three years. The State also will not be able to borrow from local property tax revenues for more than two fiscal years within a period of 10 fiscal years, and only if previous borrowings have been repaid.
In addition, the State cannot reduce the local sales tax rate or restrict the authority of the local governments to impose or change the distribution of the Statewide local sales tax. Proposition lA of 2004 also prohibits the State from mandating activities on cities, counties, or special districts without providing the funding needed to comply with the mandates. If the State does not provide funding for the activity that has been determined to be mandated, the required mandate is suspended. In addition, Proposition lA of 2004 expanded the definition of what constitutes a mandate to encompass State action that transfers to cities, counties, and special districts financial responsibility for a required program for which the State previously had partial or complete responsibility. The State mandate provisions of Proposition lA of 2004 do not apply to schools or community colleges or to mandates relating to employee rights.
The 2009 Budget Act authorized the State to exercise its Proposition 1A borrowing authority and created a securitization mechanism for local governments to sell their right to receive the State’s payment obligations to a local government-operated joint powers agency (“JPA”). This JPA sold bonds in a principal amount of $1.895 billion in November 2009 to pay the participating local governments their full property tax allocations when they normally would receive such allocations. Pursuant to Proposition 1A of 2004, the State is required to repay the local government borrowing (which in turn will be used to repay the bonds of the JPA) no later than June 30, 2013. The 2010 Budget Act includes $90.8 million for the interest payments that will be incurred in that fiscal year to be paid from the General Fund.
Proposition 22, adopted on November 2, 2010, supersedes Proposition 1A of 2004 and completely prohibits any future borrowing by the State from local government funds, and generally prohibits the Legislature from making changes in local government funding sources. Allocation of local transportation funds cannot be changed without an extensive process. The Proposition1A borrowing done as part of the amended 2009 Budget Act was not affected by Proposition 22.
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Welfare. The entire Statewide welfare system was changed in response to the change in federal welfare law enacted in 1996. Under the CalWORKs program, counties are given flexibility to develop their own plans, consistent with State law, to implement the program and to administer many of its elements. Counties are still required to provide "general assistance" aid to certain persons who cannot obtain welfare from other programs.
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193, the "Law") fundamentally reformed the nation's welfare system. The Law included provisions to: (i) convert Aid to Families with Dependent Children ("AFDC"), an entitlement program, to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families ("TANF"), a block grant program with lifetime time limits on TANF recipients, work requirements and other changes; (ii) deny certain federal welfare and public benefits to legal noncitizens (subsequent federal law has amended this provision), allow states to elect to deny additional benefits (including TANF) to legal noncitizens, and generally deny almost all benefits to illegal immigrants; and (iii) make changes in the Food Stamp program, including reducing maximum benefits and imposing work requirements. The TANF block grant formula under the Law is operative through September 30, 2011, as further described below.
Chapter 270, Statutes of 1997, embodies California's response to the federal welfare systems. Effective January 1, 1998, CalWORKs replaced the former AFDC program and California's previous welfare program. Consistent with the federal law, CalWORKs contains time limits on the receipt of welfare aid, both lifetime as well as current period. The centerpiece of CalWORKs is the linkage of eligibility to work participation requirements.
Caseload under CalWORKs is projected to increase in fiscal year 2010-11. CalWORKs caseload projections are 552,000 cases in fiscal year 2009-10 and 578,000 cases in fiscal year 2010-11. Even with the increase in caseload, this still represents a major decline in caseload from the early 1990s. Since CalWORKs' inception in January 1998 through fiscal year 2010-11, caseload is projected to decline by approximately 10 percent. The federal Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (“DRA") included legislation that reauthorized and extended the TANF program until September 30, 2010. On December 8, 2010, the President signed into law the Claims Resolution Act of 2010 (HR 4783) to extend funding at federal fiscal year ("FFY") 2010 enacted levels for the TANF block grant until September 30, 2011. The reauthorization legislation modifies countable work activities under TANF and applies new federal work participation rates to separate State programs. In addition, because reauthorization legislation effectively eliminates the State's caseload reduction credit, the bulk of the CalWORKs caseload is subject to 50 percent work participation level requirement beginning in FFY 2007.
Current policies are not expected to increase work participation rates enough to meet the federal requirement for at least 50 percent work participation among all families. In August 2009, the State received official notice from the federal government that California failed to meet the work participation rate for FFY 2007, the first year for which the DRA's changes were effective. However, California's penalty of approximately $230 million was waived primarily due to the impact of program changes made in the DRA and California's ability to engage nearly 30,000 families in work activities between FFY 2006 and FFY 2007. As a result of not meeting the work participation rate requirements, California's required Maintenance of Effort ("MOE") has increased to 80 percent of FFY 1994 historic expenditures rather than the 75 percent MOE level California is required to meet when work participation rates are achieved. The 2010 Budget Act continues to reflect an increase of MOE spending by $179.5 million in fiscal year 2010-11, to $2.9 billion, to reflect this penalty. The federal government recently notified California that it did not meet the FFY 2008 work participation rate requirements and assessed a penalty of $47.7 million. Under current State law, 50 percent of the penalty amount is the State's responsibility and the remaining 50 percent would be shared among those counties not meeting work participation rate requirements. The State intends to seek relief from the FFY 2008 penalty based on current economic conditions and/or a corrective action plan. To the extent full or partial relief is not obtained, any FFY 2008 penalty likely would not be assessed prior to fiscal year 2011-12.
Considerable improvement in work participation rates must be achieved to avoid additional federal penalties, which could cost the State and counties more than $2 billion over a five-year period, beginning in fiscal year 2011-12. Efforts to address improving work participation began during fiscal year 2006-07, and the State is continuing to identify and evaluate additional options that place greater emphasis on work participation and reduce reliance upon public assistance to significantly improve the ability of the State and counties to meet federal work requirements in the TANF program.
Trial Courts. Prior to legislation enacted in 1997, local governments provided the majority of funding for the State's trial court system. The legislation consolidated the trial court funding at the State level in order to streamline the operation of the courts, provide a dedicated revenue source, and relieve fiscal pressure on the counties. The State's trial court system will receive approximately $2.6 billion in State resources in fiscal year 2009-10 and $2.8 billion in fiscal year 2010-11, as well as $499 million in resources from the counties in each fiscal year. The 2010 Budget Act reflects $55 million in General Fund reductions for the trial court system, plus an additional one-time reduction of $17.4 million. The 2010 Budget Act also
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reflects an increase in fee revenues ($103.6 million) and the transfer of special fund balances ($130 million) to support trial court operations. As discussed in the Local Governments section above, the fiscal year 2010-11 budget for the Trial Courts includes $350 million in redevelopment agency tax increment funds to offset General Fund costs. In addition, legislation enacted in 2008 provides California's court system with increased fees and fines to expand and repair its infrastructure to address significant caseload increases and reduce delays. The fees raised by this legislation are intended to support up to $5 billion in lease-revenue bonds. Additional legislative authorization is required prior to the issuance of such lease-revenue bonds.
Constitutional and Statutory Limitations on Taxes and Appropriations; Constraints on the State Budget Process; Future Initiatives
Over the years, a number of laws and constitutional amendments have been enacted, often through voter initiatives, which have increased the difficulty of raising State taxes, restricted the use of the State's General Fund or special fund revenues, or otherwise limited the State Legislature and the Governor's discretion in enacting budgets. Historic examples of provisions that make it more difficult to raise taxes include Article XIIIA of the State Constitution, which resulted from the voter-approved Proposition 13, passed in 1978, which, among other things, required that any change in State taxes enacted for the purpose of increasing revenues collected pursuant thereto, whether by increased rates or changes in computation, be approved by a two-thirds vote in each house of the State Legislature. Examples of provisions restricting the use of General Fund revenues are Proposition 98, passed in 1988, which mandates that a minimum amount of General Fund revenues be spent on local education, and Proposition 10, passed in 1988, which raised taxes on tobacco products and mandated how the additional revenues would be expended.
Recent Constitutional amendments approved by the voters have also affected the budget process. These include Proposition 58, approved in 2004, which requires the adoption of a balanced budget and restricts future borrowing to cover budget deficits; Proposition 49, approved in 2002, which requires the expansion of funding for before and after school programs; Proposition 63, approved in 2004, which imposes a surcharge on taxable income of more than $1 million and earmarks this funding for expanded mental heath services; Proposition lA of 2006, which limits the State Legislature's ability to use sales taxes on motor vehicle fuels for any purpose other than transportation; and Proposition 22, adopted on November 2, 2010, which supersedes Proposition 1A of 2004 (described under "Local Governments" above) and prohibits any future borrowing by the State from local government funds and generally prohibits the Legislature from making changes in local government funding sources. These approved constitutional amendments are described below.
Proposition 58, approved by the voters in 2004, requires the State to enact a balanced budget, and establish a special reserve and restricts future borrowing to cover fiscal year end deficits. As a result of the provisions requiring the enactment of a balanced budget and restricting borrowing, the State may in some cases have to take more immediate actions to correct budgetary shortfalls.
Proposition 58 requires the State Legislature to pass a balanced budget and provides for mid-year adjustments in the event that the budget falls out of balance and the Governor calls a special legislative session to address the shortfall. The balanced budget determination is made by subtracting expenditures from all available resources, including prior-year balances.
If the Governor determines that the State is facing substantial revenue shortfalls or spending increases, the Governor is authorized to declare a fiscal emergency. He or she would then be required to propose legislation to address the emergency, and call the State Legislature into special session for that purpose. If the State Legislature fails to pass and send to the Governor legislation to address the fiscal emergency within 45 days, the State Legislature would be prohibited from: (i) acting on any other bills or (ii) adjourning in joint recess until such legislation is passed.
Proposition 58 also requires and establishes the Bureau of State Audits ("BSA"). The BSA is funded by annual transfers of specified amounts from the General Fund, unless suspended or reduced by the Governor or until a specified maximum amount has been deposited. Proposition 58 also prohibits certain future borrowing to cover fiscal year-end deficits. This restriction applies to general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, and certain other forms of long-term borrowing. The restriction does not apply to certain other types of borrowing, such as: (i) short-term borrowing to cover cash shortfalls in the General Fund (including revenue anticipation notes or revenue anticipation warrants currently used by the State), or (ii) inter-fund borrowings.
An initiative statute, Proposition 49, called the "After School Education and Safety Program of 2002," was approved by the voters on November 5, 2002, and required the State to expand funding for before and after school programs in the State's public elementary, middle and junior high schools. This increase was first triggered in 2006-07, which increased funding for these programs to $550 million. These funds are part of Proposition 98 minimum funding guarantee for K-14 education and, in accordance with this initiative, expenditures can only be reduced in certain low revenue years.
On November 2, 2004, the voters approved Proposition 63, the Mental Health Services Act, which imposes a one percent tax surcharge on taxpayers with annual taxable income of more than $1 million for purposes of funding and expanding mental health services. Proposition 63 prohibits the State Legislature or the Governor from redirecting funds now used for mental health services
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to other purposes or from reducing General Fund support for mental health services below the levels provided in fiscal year 2003-04. Additionally, Chapter 20, Statutes of 2009 makes allowable administrative changes to Proposition 63 to streamline and make more efficient administrative processes and to clarify the role of the Mental Health Services Oversight and Accountability Commission.
On November 7, 2006, voters approved Proposition 1A of 2006, which was placed on the ballot by the State Legislature as Senate Constitutional Amendment No. 7, to protect Proposition 42 transportation funds from any further suspensions. Provisions of the State Constitution enacted as Proposition 42 in 2002, permit the suspension of the annual transfer of motor vehicle fuel sales tax revenues from the General Fund to the Transportation Investment Fund if the Governor declares that the transfer will result in a "significant negative fiscal impact" on the General Fund and the State Legislature agrees with a two-thirds vote of each house. This measure modified the constitutional provisions of Proposition 42 so that if a suspension occurs, the amount owed by the General Fund must be repaid to the Transportation Investment Fund within three years, and only two such suspensions can be made within any 10-year period. Two such suspensions, $868 million in 2003-04 and $1.258 billion in 2004-05 have been made by the State Legislature. Since 2004-05, the Proposition 42 transfers have been fully funded.
As discussed above, Proposition 1A of 2004, approved by the voters in November 2004, amended the State Constitution to, among other things, reduce the Legislature's authority over local government revenue sources by placing restrictions on the State's access to local governments' property, sales, and vehicle license fee revenues as of November 3, 2004. The provisions of Proposition 1A allowing the State to borrow money from local governments from time to time have been suspended by Proposition 22 of 2010, which permanently prohibits any such future borrowings.
Additional Information
Information regarding the State's financial condition is included in various public documents issued by the State, such as the official statements prepared in connection with the issuance of general obligation bonds of California. Such official statements may be obtained by contacting the State Treasurer's Office at 800-900-3873 or at www.treasurer.ca.gov.
Publications from the LAO can be read in full by accessing the LAO's website (www.lao.ca.gov) or by contacting the LAO at (916) 445-4656.
Complete text of the State Controller’s December 2010 Summary Analysis may be accessed at the State Controller’s website (www.sco.ca.gov) under the heading Summary Analyses of Statements of General Fund Cash Receipts on the page for Monthly Financial Reports.
Complete text of the Governor’s Proposed 2011-12 Budget may be found at the Electronic Budget website of the Department of Finance (www.ebudget.ca.gov) under the heading "Governor’s Proposed Budget.”
None of the information on the above websites is incorporated herein by reference.
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has a highly developed economy with a large service sector, particularly in health care, high technology, financial services and education. The impact of the economic downturn significantly affected the financial services industry in Massachusetts and resulted in increased unemployment and reduced tax revenues. However, Massachusetts’ overall economy has shown some improvements so far in 2011 aided by the continued employment growth in large sector such as education and health care which make up 20% of employment. That said, the Commonwealth’s unemployment rate remains elevated averaging 9% through 2010 but still lower than the national average of 9.5%. The Commonwealth opened fiscal year 2010 with a significant budget gap of $5 billion equal to roughly 19% of operating revenue due largely to significant tax revenues decline. This gap was closed by a mix of new revenues created by increasing the sales tax (increased from 5% to 6.25%) and exemption for alcoholic beverages was eliminated, spending cuts, use of federal stimulus funding and some drawdown of reserves. For 2011, the governor’s $27.6 billion budget proposal closed an estimated $2.75 billion gap, including another draw on the stabilization fund, debt restructuring budget relief, additional use of federal stimulus funds, and other one time measures. Estimated revenues through October 2010 have been positive and are $414 million above estimate and $558 million above the same period in fiscal year 2010.
The Commonwealth collects a variety of taxes and receives revenues from other non-tax sources, including the federal government and various fees, fines, court revenues, assessments, reimbursements, interest earnings and transfers from its non-budgeted funds. In fiscal 2010 on a statutory accounting basis, approximately 60% of the Commonwealth’s annual budgeted revenues were derived from state taxes. In addition, the federal government provided approximately 32% of such revenues, with the remaining 8% provided from departmental revenues and transfers from non-budgeted funds.
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SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
Major components of state tax revenue are the income tax, which account for 54.5% of total tax revenues in fiscal 2010, and the sales and use tax, account for approximately 24.9% of such tax revenues. Dedicated portions of the Commonwealth’s sales tax revenues are pledged to provide financial support for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and the Massachusetts School Building Authority. The financial statements of the Commonwealth are available at the web site of the Comptroller of the Commonwealth located at http://www.massgov.com/osc (click on Financial Reports/Audits).
Municipal revenues consist of taxes on real and personal property, distributions from the Commonwealth under a variety of programs and formulas, local receipts (including motor vehicle excise taxes, local option taxes, fines, licenses and permits, charges for utility and other services and investment income) and appropriations from other available funds (including general and dedicated reserve funds). Following the enactment in 1980 of the tax limitation initiative petition commonly known as Proposition 2½, local governments have become increasingly reliant on distribution of revenues from the Commonwealth to support local programs and services, although the amount of aid received varies significantly among municipalities. As a result of comprehensive education reform legislation enacted in June 1993, a large portion of local aid general revenue sharing funds is earmarked for public education and distributed through a formula designed to provide more aid to the Commonwealth’s poorer communities. There are also several specific local aid programs, such as public libraries, police education incentives, and property tax abatement for certain elderly or disabled residents.
The Commonwealth incorporates the periodic use of commercial paper borrowing to meet cash flow needs for both capital and operating expenditures. The Commonwealth periodically makes several cash flow borrowings for operating purposes. The pattern of the Commonwealth’s cash flow borrowings is largely the result of temporary cash imbalances caused by quarterly local aid payments to cities and towns, which total approximately $1 billion on the last day of each calendar quarter. All commercial paper of the Commonwealth issued for operating purposes in a fiscal year is required by state finance law to be paid not later than June 30 of such year.
The Commonwealth is authorized to issue three types of debt directly – general obligation debt, special obligation debt and federal grant anticipation notes. General obligation debt is secured by a pledge of the full faith and credit of the Commonwealth. Special obligation debt may be secured either with a pledge of receipts credited to the Highway Fund or with a pledge of receipts credited to the Convention Center Fund. Federal grant anticipation notes are secured by a pledge of federal highway construction reimbursements. As of June 2010, the amount of Commonwealth long-term debt was approximately $20.398 billion, consisting of approximately $17.042 billion of general obligation debt, $2.222 billion of special obligation debt, and $1.134 billion of federal grant anticipation notes. Based on the United States census resident population estimate for Massachusetts for 2009, the per capita amount of such debt as of fiscal year 2010 was $3,094.
In addition to the long-term liabilities described above, the Commonwealth is also authorized to pledge its credit in aid of and provide contractual support for certain independent authorities and political subdivisions within the Commonwealth. These Commonwealth liabilities are classified as either general obligation contract assistance liabilities, budgetary contractual assistance liabilities or contingent liabilities. General obligation contract assistance liabilities arise from statutory requirements for payments by the Commonwealth to the Massachusetts Convention Center Authority, the Massachusetts Development Finance Agency and the Foxborough Industrial Development Financing Authority of 100% of the debt service of certain bonds issued by those authorities, as well as payments to the Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust and the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority that are not explicitly tied to debt service. Such liabilities constitute a pledge of the Commonwealth’s credit for which a two-thirds vote of the Legislature is required. Budgetary contractual assistance liabilities arise from statutory requirements for payments by the Commonwealth under capital leases, including leases supporting certain bonds issued by the Chelsea Industrial Development Financing Authority and the Route 3 North Transportation Improvements Association, and other contractual agreements, including a contract supporting certain certificates of participation issued for Plymouth County. Such liabilities do not constitute a pledge of the Commonwealth’s credit. Contingent liabilities relate to debt obligations of independent authorities and agencies of the Commonwealth that are expected to be paid without Commonwealth assistance, but for which the Commonwealth has some kind of liability if expected payment sources do not materialize.
Special Considerations Relating to New York |
The Fund will have considerable investments in New York municipal obligations. Accordingly, the Fund is susceptible to certain factors which could adversely affect issuers of New York municipal obligations. The ability of issuers to pay interest on, and repay principal of, New York municipal obligations may be affected by: (1) amendments to the New York Constitution and other statutes
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that limit the taxing and spending authority of New York government entities; (2) the general financial and economic profile as well as the political climate of the State of New York, its public authorities, and political subdivisions; and (3) a change in New York laws and regulations or subsequent court decisions that may affect, directly or indirectly, New York municipal obligations. The Fund’s yield and share price are sensitive to these factors as one or more of such factors could undermine New York issuers’ efforts to borrow, inhibit secondary market liquidity, erode credit ratings and affect New York issuers’ ability to pay interest on, and repay principal of, New York municipal obligations. Furthermore, it should be noted that the creditworthiness of obligations issued by local New York issuers may be unrelated to the creditworthiness of obligations issued by the State of New York (“State”) and the City of New York (“City”), and that there is no obligation on the part of the State to make payment on such local obligations in the event of default.
Summarized below are important financial concerns relating to the Fund’s investments in State municipal obligations. This section is not intended to be an entirely comprehensive description of all risks involved in investing in State municipal obligations. The information in this section is intended to give a recent historical description and is not intended to indicate future or continuing trends in the financial or other positions of the State and the City. It should be noted that the information recorded here primarily is based on the economic and budget forecasts and economic risks found in certain 2010 publications issued by the State, the City and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (“MTA”) that were published prior to February 1, 2011. The accuracy and completeness of the information in those reports have not been independently verified. Since the time of those publications, there may be significant changes in circumstances altering the economic and budget predictions found in those publications.
In addition, it is important to note that many of the dollar amounts referenced in this section have been truncated to one digit after the decimal and rounded up or down to the appropriate dollar denomination. Because such dollar amounts generally reference large sums of money (e.g., millions or billions of dollars), the truncation and/or rounding of such dollar amounts may significantly differ from the untruncated and unrounded dollar amounts.
State Economy
The State has a diverse economy with a relatively large share of the nation’s financial activities, information and employment in health services and education, but a rather small share of the nation’s farming and mining activity. The State has the third highest population in the nation, and its residents have a comparatively high level of personal wealth. Tourism comprises a significant part of the economy. The State’s location, airport facilities and natural harbors have made it an essential link in international commerce. During an economic recession that is concentrated in construction and manufacturing, the State is likely to be less affected than the nation as a whole; however, the State is more likely to be affected during a recession that is concentrated in the services sector. The City has the highest population of any city in the nation and is the center of the nation’s largest metropolitan area. The City accounts for a large percentage of the State’s residents and personal income.
With the nation’s recovery from the most lengthy and severe recession since the 1930s slowing down, the State Division of the Budget (“DOB”) outlook for the national economy reflects uncertainty. Against a backdrop of continuing household deleveraging, the fragility of euro-zone sovereign debt markets caused the nation’s already weak credit markets to tighten further. Real U.S. GDP growth declined from 3.7% in the first quarter of 2010 to 1.7% in the second quarter, and the DOB estimated it would stay there for the full second half of 2010. The national economy, as measured by real U.S. GDP, is projected to grow 2.6% in 2010, followed in 2011 by downwardly revised growth of 2.6%.
The national housing market remains weak despite historic fiscal and monetary policy actions. Although home prices are steadying and the rate at which homes are entering foreclosure seems to have peaked, new home construction remains depressed by the level of foreclosure activity. Further, the residential housing market’s intrinsic fragility has become more evident as the distance from the expiration of the Federal homebuyers’ credit increases. As a result, DOB has lowered its projection for private residential fixed investment to a decline of 2.4% for 2010, followed in 20011 by growth of 4.1%.
The housing market’s persistent weakness represents yet another temporary stumbling block for the nation’s labor market, as it decreases not just the demand for construction workers and building supplies, but also the demand for home appliances and other consumer durables. DOB’s examination of data as of November 9, 2010 provides few signs that a significant increase in hiring is on the horizon. As a result, DOB has downwardly revised its near-term labor market outlook, and monthly job gains are not projected to return to 200,000 until mid-2011, coinciding with a strengthening of domestic demand. An employment decline of 0.6% on an annual average basis is now predicted for 2010, followed by an increase of 1.1% for 2011. The unemployment rate for 2011 is projected at 9.4%, and 9.7% for 2010. A weaker outlook for income growth results from the weaker outlook for employment, along with downward revisions to wages and several other components of personal income. U.S. personal income growth of 3.1% is predicted for 2010, followed by growth of 3.3% predicted for 2011.
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On the bright side, even though historically low mortgage rates have not increased home sales, it does appear they have created a strong wave of refinancings as homeowners attempt to decrease their debt loads. That relief is also predicted to support stronger consumption growth moving forward, with real quarterly consumption growth expected to be greater than 3% for the majority of 2011. In addition, equity markets performed well in the second half of 2010, and U.S. Corporate profits are projected to increase 27.9% in 2010 and 5.8% in 2011.
The State economy appears to have emerged from recession during the first quarter of 2010, and like the nation, experienced a sound first quarter. An up-tick in securities industry bonuses in the first quarter of 2010 was a result of strong finance and insurance sector profits for 2009, with some spillover into the second quarter as well. However, the State was not entirely protected from the slow-down that affected the nation during the spring and summer of 2010. The State Labor Department predicts that private sector employment dropped during three of the five months from May through September 2010. DOB expects a decline in State employment of 0.3% for 2010, with growth for 2011 downwardly revised somewhat to 0.8%. Jobs in the private sector are expected to decrease 0.4% for 2010 and increase 1.2% in 2011. With financial markets taking longer than expected to recover from volatility during the spring and summer, DOB projects State wage growth to rise only 3.6% in 2010 and 4.8% in 2011.
Continued low interest rates, a gradually rising stock market, and continued global growth should help to increase consumer spending going into 2011 for both the national and State economy. Healthy corporate earnings, especially for firms that focus on exports, are predicted to restore equity markets to a modestly upward path, together with slow but consistent employment and income growth. However, this forecast presents significant risks. As the nation’s financial capital, volatility in the U.S. credit and equity market creates a considerable degree of uncertainty for the State. Although credit markets have improved significantly over the past year, borrowing remains difficult for small businesses and households and credit continues to contract. The banking system is still weak and susceptible to negative shocks. If the labor market recovery should falter further, household spending growth could be even less than predicted. Even though the recent weakening of the U.S. dollar should continue to support growth in U.S. exports, threats of currency wars contribute to global instability. A portion of Federal stimulus spending remains on the agenda, which has supported some job creation in the nonresidential construction sector, but if Federal support for the economy comes to an end before the private sector has grown strong enough, state and local governments that are already struggling would have to further tighten their budgets. In addition, the effect of the Federal financial reform package on the profitability of the State’s finance industry remains uncertain and therefore poses a substantial risk to DOB’s forecast for bonuses and income going forward. Lower than expected bonuses reduce a major segment of taxable income and decrease the level of economic activity generated by the spending of those wages. Similarly, both financial sector income and taxable capital gains realizations could be negatively affected if equity markets do not grow as predicted. These effects would have an impact on the State economy, depressing both wage growth and employment. In addition a labor market that is even weaker than anticipated could result in lower wages, which could, in turn, result in weaker household consumption. In contrast, stronger than predicted growth in the national and world economies, or stronger upward movement in stock prices, along with even stronger activity in mergers and acquisitions and other Wall Street activities, could result in higher wage and bonuses growth than projected.
There can be no assurance that the State economy will not experience results worse than those predicted in the 2010-2011 fiscal year (April 1, 2010 through March 31, 2011) or subsequent fiscal years, with related material and adverse effects on the State’s estimates of receipts and disbursements.
State Budget
Each year, the Governor is required to provide the State Legislature with a balanced executive budget which constitutes the proposed State financial plan for the ensuing fiscal year. The Executive Budget is required to be balanced on a cash basis and that is the primary focus of the DOB in preparing the financial plan for the State. State finance law also requires the State financial plan to be reported using generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), in accordance with standards and regulations set forth by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (“GASB”). As such, the State reports its financial results on both the cash accounting basis, showing receipts and disbursements and the GAAP modified accrual basis, showing revenues and expenditures. DOB published the Enacted Budget Financial Plan dated August 20, 2010 (the “Financial Plan”) based on the Governor’s executive budget as modified and adopted by the State Legislature. The Financial Plan was since updated by the Mid-year Update to the 2010-11 Financial Plan issued on November 1, 2010 by the DOB. The State financial results, as described below, are calculated on a cash accounting basis. The GAAP projections for the State’s budget can be obtained from the DOB.
The State’s fiscal year for 2010-11 ends on March 31, 2011. (The State’s fiscal year for 2011-12 will run from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012.) All Government Funds receipts are projected to be $135.2 billion in 2010-11, an increase of 6.7% from 2009-10. All Government Funds spending is projected to be $135.3 billion in 2010-11, an increase of $4.4 billion or 3.4% from 2009-10, excluding the impact of the deferral of $2.06 billion end-of-year school aid payment from 2009-10 into 2010-11 and including $2.0 billion in Federal American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 pass-through spending that was expected in 2009-10.
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The major sources of All Government Funds spending includes among other things: school aid, transportation, public health, mental hygiene and social services.
The DOB projects a closing balance in the State’s largest and principal operating fund, the General Fund, of $1.4 billion at the end of the 2010-11 fiscal year assuming present expected budget gaps can be closed without the use of existing reserves. (See important disclosure regarding closure of the projected budget gaps in the General Fund Outyear Budget Gap Projections and the Other Considerations sections of this Statement of Additional Information.) The balance consists of $1.2 billion in undesignated reserves and $145 million in designated reserves for existing or planned commitments. The undesignated reserves will include $1.0 billion in the Tax Stabilization Reserve Fund, $175 million in the Rainy Day Reserve Fund and $21 million in the Contingency Reserve Fund for litigation risks. The designated reserves include $85 million in the Community Projects Fund to finance certain initiatives of the state legislature and $73 million set aside for debt management purposes.
Total General Fund receipts and transfers from other funds are projected to be approximately $54.5 billion recorded in 2010-11, an increase of nearly $2.0 billion or 3.7% from 2009-10 results. Total General Fund disbursements, including transfers to other funds, are projected to be $55.7 billion for 2010-11. However, if the State, like many municipal issuers during the current credit crisis, cannot sell bonds at the levels (or on the timetable) expected, the State could experience significantly increased costs in the General Fund, which would result in a weakened overall cash position in the current fiscal year.
General Fund Outyear Budget Gap Projections
Before enactment of the 2010-11 budget, the State faced an estimated current-services budget gap of $9.2 billion for fiscal year 2010-11. The gap included a budget shortfall of $1.65 billion from 2009-10 that was carried forward into 2010-11. The Financial Plan closed the projected budget gap through a gap closing plan, including the recurring value of the deficit reduction plan (“DRP”) approved in December 2009. However, as of November 9, 2010, DOB predicted additional budget gaps of $9.0 billion in 2011-12, $14.6 billion in 2012-13 and $17.2 billion in 2013-14 and a budget gap of approximately $315 million in the General Fund in 2010-11 . The projected budget gaps for 2012-13 and 2013-14 will be materially affected by the level of recurring actions ultimately approved to balance the 2011-12 fiscal year. The combined four-year gap projected for fiscal years 2010-11 through 2013-14 totals approximately $40.8 billion before budget reduction recommendations.
The cash position of the State is a significant concern. General Fund operating results through September 2010 were marginally unfavorable compared to Financial Plan projections, and DOB now estimates a potential General Fund budget gap of $315 million in 2010-11. The Financial Plan provided permanent authorization for the General Fund to borrow resources temporarily from other funds in the State’s short-term investment pool (“STIP”) for a period not to exceed four months or to the end of the fiscal year, whichever is shorter. Through the first six months of 2010-11, the General Fund used this authorization to meet payment obligations at times in May, June, July, and September 2010, and ended the month of June 2010 with a negative $87 million balance. During certain months of the fiscal year, there may be substantial changes in the level of the General Fund’s daily balance due to the difference in timing between when the State’s payment obligations are required to be met and when the State’s General Fund realizes receipts. For example, while the State ended the month of June 2010 with a temporary STIP loan balance of $87 million, the State’s General Fund had temporarily borrowed $1.1 billion from STIP at its lowest point during that month. Similarly, while the State ended the month of September 2010 with a positive General Fund balance of $2.4 billion, the State’s General Fund temporarily borrowed $1.5 billion from STIP at its lowest point during September. AS of November 2010, DOB expected that the General Fund would continue to rely on this temporary borrowing authority at times during the remainder of 2010-11, with low balances expected during November and December 2010. However, the cash flow forecast at that time estimated that the General Fund would end each month with a positive balance.
The budget gap forecasts are based on assumptions of economic performance, revenue collections, spending patterns and projections of the costs of program activities. Future budget gaps are subject to substantial revision as additional information becomes available about the national and State economies, financial sector activity, entitlement spending and social service caseloads, and State reimbursement obligations that are driven by local government activity.
Other Considerations
Many complex political, social and economic forces influence the State’s economy and finances, which may in turn affect the Financial Plan. These factors may affect the State unpredictably from fiscal year to fiscal year and are influenced by governments, institutions and events that are not subject to the State’s control. It is also necessarily based upon forecasts of national and State economic activity. Economic forecasts have frequently failed to predict accurately the timing and magnitude of changes in the national and State economies. There can be no assurance that the State’s actual results will not differ materially and adversely from the current forecast.
The Financial Plan forecast contains specific transaction risks and other uncertainties including, but not limited to, the receipt of certain payments from public authorities; the receipt of miscellaneous revenues at the levels expected in the Financial Plan; and
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the achievement of cost-saving measures including, but not limited to, administrative savings in State agencies, including workforce management initiatives, and the transfer of available fund balances to the General Fund at the levels currently projected. Such risks and uncertainties, if they were to materialize, could have an adverse impact on the Updated Financial Plan in 2010-11. An additional risk is the cost of potential collective bargaining agreements and salary increases for judges (and possibly other elected officials) that may occur in 2010-11 and beyond, for the period covering 2007-08 through 2010-11. The Financial Plan takes into account estimated costs of a pattern of settlements for all unsettled unions. There can be no assurance that actual settlements will not exceed the amounts included in the Financial Plan. The current round of collective bargaining agreements expire at the end of 2010-11. The Financial Plan does not include any costs for potential wage increases beyond that point. In addition, for the first time, the Updated Financial Plan includes an initial estimate of potential effects resulting from Federal Health Care Reform Legislation enacted in 2010. Starting in 2010-11 and annually thereafter, these include the loss of State pharmacy rebate revenues resulting from a Federal increase in its share of rebates on drug manufactures. In 2013-14, the State estimates a net benefit associated with expanded Medicaid benefits to newly eligible populations and an enhanced Federal matching rate for certain existing populations beginning January 2014.
The Financial Plan may be adversely affected by actions taken by the Federal government, including audits, disallowances, changes in aid levels and changes to Medicaid rules. For example, all Medicaid claims are subject to audit and review by the Federal government. Recently, the Federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) requested additional information pertaining to claims for services provided to individuals in developmental centers operated by the Office for People with Developmental Disabilities. Although no official audit has commenced and the State believes that the rates paid for these services are done in accordance with the approved state plan and all applicable Federal regulations, any adverse action by CMS relative to these claims could jeopardize a significant amount of Federal Medicaid participation in this program.
Debt outstanding and debt service costs over the course of the plan period are projected to remain below the limits prescribed by the Debt Reform Act of 2000 (“Debt Reform Act”) based on the updated forecasts in the Financial Plan. The available room under the debt outstanding cap is expected to decline, however, from $4.2 billion in 2010-11 to $1.8 million in 2012-13. In part, declines in debt capacity are a product of reduced forecasts for personal income levels. Measures to further adjust capital spending and debt financing practices are expected to be taken as needed to stay within the statutory limitations.
The United States Congress often considers making changes to the Code. Since the State uses federal taxable income as the starting point for calculating taxable income, such changes in federal law could adversely impact State tax revenues.There can be no assurance that receipts will not fall below current projections, requiring additional budget-balancing actions in the current year, and the gaps projected for future years will not increase materially from the projections set forth in the Financial Plan. In addition in recent years the State has made substantial reductions in planned spending. However, large budget gaps are still projected for future years.
Recent State Fiscal Years
The DOB has reported that the General Fund ended the 2009-10 fiscal year with the following unaudited results on a cash basis. The State ended the 2009-10 fiscal year in balance. Total receipts, including transfers from other funds, were $52.6 billion. Disbursements, including transfers to other funds, totaled $52.2 billion. The General Fund ended the fiscal year with a balance of $2.3 billion, which consisted of $1.2 billion in the State’s rainy day reserves, $21 million in the contingency reserve fund (to guard against litigation risks), $96 million in the Community Projects Fund and $978 million in the Refund Reserve Account.
State Debt
Included in state financing activities are State-supported debt and State-related debt. State-supported debt includes general obligation debt approved by the voters and debt issued on behalf of the State by public authorities, obligating the State to pay debt service, subject to appropriation. These include long term obligations issued by the Local Government Assistance Corporation Program (“LGAC”) and State Personal Income Tax Revenue Bond Financing (“State PIT Revenue Bonds”) issued by certain State Authorities. State-related debt is a broader measure that includes State-supported debt, as well as State-guaranteed debt, moral obligation financings and certain contingent-contractual obligation financings, where debt service is paid from non-State sources in the first instance, and State appropriations are available, but typically not expected to be needed, to make payments.
The LGAC is a public benefit corporation empowered to issue long-term obligations to fund certain payments to local governments traditionally funded through the State’s annual seasonal borrowing. The legislation enacting the issuance of State Pit Revenue Bonds provides that 25% of State personal income tax (“PIT”) receipts, excluding refunds owed to taxpayers, must be used to make debt service payments on these bonds. Legislation enacted in 2007 increased, under certain circumstances, the amount of PIT
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receipts to be deposited into the Revenue Bond Tax Fund by removing an exclusion for PIT amounts deposited to the STAR Fund. Additionally, legislation enacted in fiscal year 2009-10 and extended for fiscal year 2010-11 permits the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York and the Urban Development Corporation to issue State PIT Revenue Bonds for any authorized purpose. Prior to this time, State law required that State PIT Revenue Bonds sold for capital purposes had to be sold through specific issuers, creating coordination difficulties in scheduling sales and reimbursing capital disbursements on a timely basis. This has enabled the State to improve the scheduling and sizing of State PIT Revenue Bond sales, produced savings through efficiencies in bond pricing, and lowered overall administrative costs.
As of March 31, 2010, the State had approximately $3.4 billion outstanding in general obligation debt, $13.3 billion in debt relating to lease-purchase and other service contract financing of State capital programs, $18.2 billion in State PIT Revenue Bonds, $11.8 billion in other revenue bonds, $3.6 billion in debt from the Local Government Assistance Corporation, $3.9 billion outstanding in contingent-contractual obligation financings, $31 million in moral obligations financing, $28 million in State guaranteed debt and $840 million in other State financings. The Financial Plan projects the following new debt issuances for 2010-11: $606 million in general obligation bonds will be issued; $495 million in issuances by the Thruway Authority to finance capital projects for transportation; $78 million in SUNY Dormitory Facilities Revenue Bonds; $232 million in Mental Health Facilities Improvement Revenue Bonds to finance mental health facilities capital projects; and $4.0 billion in State PIT Revenue Bonds to finance various capital programs.
The total amount of State-related debt outstanding is projected to decrease from 6.0% of personal income in fiscal year 2009-10 to 5.9% in 2010-11. Total State-related debt outstanding is estimated to increase from $54.7 billion in 2009-10 to $56.9 billion in 2010-11. Total state-related debt service as a percent of the All Government Funds budget is projected to increase from 4.4% in 2009-10 to 5.1% in 2014-15.
New State-supported debt issued on or after April 1, 2000 is subject to the Debt Reform Act. This Act imposes caps on new debt outstanding and new debt service costs, restricts the use of debt to capital works and purposes only and restricts the maximum term of debt issuances to no more than 30 years.
In April 2010, Moody’s and Fitch, Inc. implemented a recalibration of their U.S. public finance credit ratings. Prior to the recalibration, these ratings agencies maintained a separate credit rating scale for municipal debt issuers. The rating recalibration of the State’s outstanding GO bonds resulted in a rating increase from Aa3 and AA– to Aa2 and AA by Moody’s (as of November 29, 2010) and Fitch, Inc. (as of April 5, 2010), respectively. S&P also provides credit ratings to the City’s financing entities, but already maintained a single rating scale. Since March 4, 2010, S&P has rated the State’s outstanding GO bonds AA, which is in line with the newly recalibrated ratings. Ratings reflect only the respective views of such organizations, and an explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained from the rating agency that furnished the rating. There is no assurance that a particular rating will continue for any given period of time or that any such rating will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely, if in the judgment of the agency originally establishing the rating, circumstances so warrant. Any such downward revision or withdrawal could have an adverse effect on the market prices of the State general obligation bonds.
Litigation
The State is a defendant in certain court cases that could ultimately affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced Financial Plan. The State believes that the proposed Financial Plan includes sufficient reserves to offset the costs associated with any potential adverse rulings. In addition, any potential amounts may be structured over a multi-year period. However, it is possible that adverse decisions in legal proceedings against the State could exceed the amount of all potential Financial Plan resources set aside for judgments, and consequently could negatively affect the State’s ability to maintain a balanced Financial Plan. The disclosure below only includes litigation where the State deems the monetary claims against the State to be material. The State generally only deems a monetary claim to be material if it exceeds $100 million. Furthermore, the litigation discussed below does not include all pending material matters and it does not include any pending material matter where the State’s legal counsel has advised that it is not probable that the State will suffer adverse decisions.
There are a number of suits pending against the State by Indian tribes that claim Indian land was taken illegally by the State. The disputed portions of land in these suits range from 15,000 acres to a strip of land varying in width from about 10 miles to more than 40 miles, including the area constituting the City of Syracuse. The remedies sought in these suits include among other things assertions of a possessory interest in the land, ejectment, claims seeking the difference between the amount paid for the lands and the fair market value of the lands at the time of the transaction, monetary damages and prejudgment interest. It would appear based on two significant decisions rendered by the Supreme Court and the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York, 544 U.S. 197 (2005), and Cayuga Indian Nation of New York v. Pataki, 413 F.3d 266 (2d Cir. 2005), cert. denied, 126 S.Ct. 2021, 2022 (2006) that that the equitable doctrines of laches, acquiescence, and impossibility can bar ancient land claims to the extent they claim possessory interests in disputed lands. However, these equitable defenses
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would not necessarily bar claims for monetary damages. Indeed, in at least one case, based on the Oneida and Cayuga decisions, the District Court dismissed plaintiffs’ claims to the extent that they asserted a possessory interest, but permitted plaintiffs to pursue a claim seeking the difference between the amount paid and the fair market value of the lands at the time of the transaction. Nonetheless, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the District Court insofar as it would have allowed plaintiffs to pursue a fair compensation claim against the State. The U.S. and the Oneidas filed an application for en banc review before the Second Circuit, An order denying the application was entered on December 16, 2010. See Oneida Indian Nation of New York et al. v. State of New York. Some of the pending major cases that involve Indian claims include Oneida; Cayuga Indian Nation of New York v. Pataki, 413 F.3d 266 (2d Cir. 2005), cert. denied, 126 S.Ct. 2021, 2022 (2006);Canadian St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians, et al., v. State of New York, et al.; and The Onondaga Nation v. The State of New York, et al.
In addition, there are a few actions and a nationwide arbitration proceeding pending against the State involving the 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (“MSA”) between tobacco manufacturers who are party to the MSA (“PMs”) and 46 settling states (including the State), plus some territories and the District of Columbia (collectively the “Settling States”). Under the MSA, the PMs pay the Settling States each year in perpetuity a base payment to compensate for economic harm to the Settling States for smoking-related illness. The State’s allocable share of the total payment is about 12.8% of the total, or approximately $800 million on an annual basis. The suits against the State related to the MSA include claims by cigarette importers for (1) violations of the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, (2) the establishment of an “output cartel” in conflict with the Sherman Act, and (3) selective non-enforcement of the laws on Native American reservations in contradiction of the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Some of the pending major cases that involve MSA claims include Freedom Holdings Inc. et al. v. Spitzer et ano. and Grand River Ent. v. King. In the nationwide arbitration proceeding against the State, the PMs allege violations of the terms of the MSA by the Settling States (except for Montana) for 2003 with respect to their treatment of tobacco manufacturers who are not party to the MSA. Any such claims for years prior to 2003 were settled in 2003. The PMs are making the identical claim for 2004-2006, but none of those years are currently in arbitration. The full panel of arbitrators, all of whom are retired Art. III federal judges, has been selected for the arbitrations and preliminary legal issues have begun to be considered.
On July 17, 2008, Weaver v. State of New York was filed in the New York State Court of Claims. The claimant alleges that executive directors of Office of Mental Health facilities have improperly received and applied benefits that were due to patients and former patients. The named claimant seeks certification of a class, as well as benefits on her own behalf. Claimant filed an amended complaint on October 14, 2009, which added a claimant, changed the class representative, revised the definition of the proposed class of claimants to include only inpatients treated at Office of Mental Health facilities, and dropped certain claims. The State’s motion to dismiss the class action claim asserted in the amended complaint was granted in early 2010. That decision is being appealed by the claimants. On September 27, 2010, the Court of Claims (Ruderman, J.), granted the State’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed the individual claims. The time in which claimants may appeal from this decision and order has not yet expired.
In Bordeleau et al. v. State of New York, et al., a group of 50 individuals filed suit in the Supreme Court, Albany County, asking the court to enjoin certain expenditures of State funds and declare them to be illegal under the State Constitution. Plaintiffs specifically claim that the State budget appropriates funds for grants to private corporations, allegedly in violation of Article VII, § 8, paragraph 1 of the Constitution. The plaintiffs also claim that because the State budget provides, in part, that some appropriated funds will be used “in accordance with a memorandum of understanding entered into between the governor, majority leader of the senate and the speaker of the assembly, or their designees,” the Senate and Assembly have “improperly delegated their legislative powers” in violation of Article VII, § 7 of the State Constitution. Plaintiffs’ complaint names as additional defendants certain public authorities and private corporations that are alleged to be recipients of the allegedly illegal appropriations. The State defendants and several other defendants moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a cause of action, for failure to join certain necessary parties, and for lack of a justiciable controversy. The Supreme Court, Albany County, in a decision and order dated February 27, 2009, granted the motion to dismiss the complaint, finding no violation of either Article VII, § 7 or Article VII, § 8. By order dated June 24, 2010, the Appellate Division (Third Department), on appeal, reversed the lower court’s order with respect to the dismissal of the first cause of action, and remitted the matter to the Supreme Court to permit the defendants to serve answers with respect to the remaining causes of action within 30 days of the date of the Appellate Division’s order. On September 13, 2010, the Appellate Division granted the defendants’ motion for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeals. The Appellants’ brief is due January 10, 2011. Appellees’ brief will be due in the middle of March with a possible argument scheduled for Fall of 2011.
The plaintiffs in Hampton Transportation Ventures, Inc. et al. v. Silver et al. (Sup. Ct., Suffolk Co.) and other similar cases, including William Floyd Union Free School District v. State (Sup. Ct., Suffolk Co.), Town of Brookhaven v. Silver, et al (Sup. Ct., Suffolk Co.), Town of Southampton and Town of Southold v. Silver (Sup. Ct. Suffolk Co.), Town of Huntington v. Silver (Sup. Ct. Suffolk Co.), Town of Smithtown v. Silver (Sup. Ct. Suffolk Co.), Mangano v. Silver (Sup. Ct. Nassau Co) and Vanderhoef v. Silver (now in Sup. Ct. Albany Co), plaintiffs challenge the constitutionality of 2009 Laws of New York chapter 29, which imposed certain taxes and fees, including a regional payroll tax, in the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District, the revenue from which is passed to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. In addition, plaintiffs demand a judgment declaring that enactment of chapter 29 violated
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provisions of the Public Authority Law § 1266 requiring that the Metropolitan Transportation Authority be self-sustaining. With the consent of the plaintiff (the County Executive of Rockland County), the Vanderhoef case was transferred to Albany County from Rockland County and the defendants intend to move for judgment in their favor. Defendants in each of the other cases have moved to change the venue of their respective cases to Albany County or New York County. A number of additional towns and a village in various counties, Suffolk County and the Orange County Chamber of Commerce have joined the Mangano case as plaintiffs.
Plaintiffs in Becker et al. v. Paterson et al. (Sup. Ct., Albany Co.) seek a judgment declaring that the governor’s determination to delay payment of school aid due by statute on December 15, 2009, violated State constitutional provisions concerning, among other things, the separation of powers doctrine. The funds at issue have been released since the filing of the case. After a February 3, 2010 court conference to discuss the status of the case, plaintiffs amended their complaint to reflect late payment of the funds at issue. Cross motions for summary judgment were filed and the motions were argued on June 24, 2010. In a second case involving the parties (Becker et al. v. Paterson [Sup. Ct., Albany Co.]),plaintiffs seek a judgment declaring that the governor’s determination to delay payment of school aid from March 31, 2010 to June 1, 2010, also violated State constitutional provisions related to, among other things, the separation of powers doctrine. Since the commencement of the suit, the moneys at issue have also been released. Cross motions for summary judgment were filed. The parties waived oral argument and await decision.
In Hussein v. State of New York, plaintiffs seek a judgment declaring that the State's system of financing public education violates section 1 of article 11 of the State Constitution, on the ground that it fails to provide a sound basic education. In a decision and order dated July 21, 2009, Supreme Court, Albany County, denied the State's motion to dismiss the action. The State has appealed this denial to the Appellate Division, Third Department. The appeal was argued in November, 2010.
In Seneca Nation of Indians v. Paterson et al. (USDC WDNY), St. Regis Mohawk Tribe v. Paterson, et al. (USDC WDNY), Unkechauge Indian Nation v Paterson, et al. (USDC WDNY), and Oneida Indian Nation of New York v Paterson, et al. (USDC NDNY), plaintiffs seek judgments declaring that Chapters 134 and 136 of the Laws of 2010, which enacted amendments to the Tax Law regarding collection of excise taxes on reservation cigarette sales to non-tribal members, violate their rights under Federal law, and enjoining the State from enforcing those laws. On August 26, 2010, in Seneca, the District Court granted a motion to intervene brought by the Cayuga Indian Nation of New York. In an order dated August 31, 2010, in Seneca the District Court ordered that defendants are temporarily restrained from implementing, administering and enforcing the challenged provisions of the Tax Law and the implementing regulations as applied to the Seneca Nation of Indians and the Cayuga Indian Nation of New York pending further order of the Court. On October 15, 2010 the District Court granted a similar temporary restraining order in the St. Regis and Unkechauge cases.
On October 14, 2010, the District Court in Seneca denied plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction but granted a stay of enforcement of the Tax Law amendments pending plaintiffs’ appeal. The Cayuga Indian Nation moved in the District Court for reconsideration of the denial of the preliminary injunction and to refer the case to mediation. On October 14, 2010, the District Court in Oneida granted plaintiff’s motion for a preliminary injunction and also referred the case to mediation. Defendants appealed to the Second Circuit from the stay pending appeal in Seneca and the preliminary injunction in Oneida, and the Seneca Nation of Indians appealed from the denial of the preliminary injunction in Seneca. Defendants moved in the Second Circuit in Seneca and in Oneida to vacate pending appeal the orders that defendants appealed in those cases. Those motions have been referred to a motions panel of the Second Circuit. The Court has set January 21, 2010 as the brief/joint appendix filing date, with opposition briefs due two weeks later on February 4, 2011. On October 26, 2010, the District Court heard argument on the plaintiffs’ motions for a preliminary injunction in St. Regis and Unkechauge. It also extended the temporary restraining order in those cases until November 12, 2010. In St. Regis, St. Regis tribe filed a motion for permanent injunction Pending Appeal on November 5, 2010. The Court denied without prejudice the tribe’s Motion to Expedite; denied without prejudice Motion to Opt out of ADR, denied Motion for Preliminary Injunction, and denied Motion for TRO. The Court also granted plaintiffs a stay pending appeal. In Unkechauge, Notice of Interlocutory Appeal was filed on December 7, 2010 and on December 10, 2010, the court denied the motion to vacate the district court’s order and granted the motion to consolidate the appeals. Expedited briefing schedule will follow.
In Day Wholesale Inc., et al. v. State, et al. (Sup. Ct., Erie Co.), plaintiffs also seek to enjoin the collection of taxes on cigarettes sold to or by reservation retailers. On August 31, 2010, the Supreme Court, Erie County issued an order vacating two earlier preliminary injunctions of that court barring the collection of such taxes until defendants had taken certain steps to comply with prior law. The Court also denied plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction enjoining enforcement of the provisions of Chapters 134 and 186 of the Laws of 2010. The plaintiffs in Day Wholesale appealed. On September 14, 2010 the Appellate Division, Fourth Department denied plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction pending appeal.
In Gyrodyne Company of America v. State of New York (Court of Claims), claimant seeks compensation under the Eminent Domain Procedures Law in connection with the appropriation by the State of 245 acres of land in connection with the expansion of SUNY Stony Brook. By decision dated June 21, 2010, the Court of Claims awarded claimant $125 million as compensation for the appropriation. On September 13, 2010, the State appealed from the decision.
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In New York Insurance Association, Inc. v. State (Sup. Ct., Albany Co.), several insurance companies and an association of insurance companies seek a declaration that certain assessments issued against the plaintiff insurance companies by the Insurance Department pursuant to Insurance Law § 332 violate the Insurance Law and the State and Federal Constitutions to the extent that the assessments include amounts for items that are not direct expenses of the Insurance Department. The State filed its answer on May 4, 2010. On June 9, 2010, the State filed a motion for summary judgment. Plaintiffs have filed a motion for permission to conduct discovery prior to responding to the State’s motion for summary judgment. Plaintiffs’ motion is now returnable on February 11, 2011.
State Retirement Systems
The State and Local Retirement Systems (“Systems”) provide coverage for public employees of the State and its localities (except employees of the City and teachers, who are covered by separate plans). The State Constitution considers membership in any State pension or retirement system to be a contractual relationship, the benefits of which shall not be diminished or impaired. The present value of anticipated benefits for current members, retirees, and beneficiaries increased from $176.6 billion on April 1, 2009 to $186.8 billion (including $75.6 billion for current retirees and beneficiaries) on April 1, 2010, and the net assets available for benefits as of March 31, 2010 were $134.2 billion (including $2.6 billion in receivables). Under the funding method used by the Systems, the anticipated benefits of current members, retirees and beneficiaries are expected to be sufficiently covered by the net assets, plus future actuarially determined contributions. The investment losses experienced in fiscal year 2009 have negatively impacted the value of assets held for the Systems. The current actuarial smoothing method spreads the impact over a 5-year period, and thus contribution rates increased for fiscal years 2011 and 2012 and further increases are expected for fiscal years 2013 through 2015. The amount of such future increases would depend, in part, on the value of the pension fund as of each April 1 as well as on the present value of the anticipated benefits to be paid by the pension fund as of each April 1. Final contribution rates for fiscal year 2012 were released in early September 2010. Contributions are set to increase from 11.9% of salary in fiscal year 2011 to 16.3% of salary in fiscal year 2012 for the New York State and Local Employees’ Retirement System and to increase from 18.2% of salary in fiscal year 2011 to 21.6% of salary in fiscal year 2012 for the New York State and Local Police and Fire Retirement System.
Authorities
Generally, the fiscal stability of the State is partially dependent upon the fiscal stability of its public authorities (“Authorities”). Such Authorities are responsible for financing, constructing and operating revenue-producing public benefit facilities. Authorities may issue bonds and notes within the amounts and restrictions set forth in their legislative authorization and are not subject to the constitutional restrictions on the incurrence of debt that apply to the State itself. Not surprisingly, if any of the Authorities were to default on their respective obligations, particularly with respect to debt that is State-supported or State-related, the State’s access to the public credit markets could be impaired, and consequently, the market price of its outstanding debt could be negatively affected. As of December 31, 2009, there were 19 public authorities with outstanding debt of $100 million or more, and the aggregate outstanding debt, including refunding bonds, of these public authorities was approximately $152 billion, only a portion of which constitutes State-supported or State-related debt.
In order to pay their operating expenses and debt service costs, Authorities generally use revenues generated by the projects they finance or operate, such as tolls charged for the use of highways, bridges or tunnels, rentals charged for housing units, charges for occupancy at medical care facilities, and charges for public power, electric, and gas utility services. In addition, the State is authorized to finance debt service costs of the Authorities through several financing techniques. In recent years, however, the State has provided financial assistance through appropriations, in some cases of a recurring nature, to certain of the Authorities for operating and other expenses and, in fulfillment of its commitments on moral obligation indebtedness or otherwise, for debt service. This operating assistance is expected to continue to be required in future years. Moreover, certain statutory arrangements provide for State local assistance payments otherwise payable to localities to be made under certain circumstances to certain Authorities. The State has no obligation to provide additional assistance to localities whose local assistance payments have been paid to Authorities under these arrangements, but understandably, the affected localities could seek additional State funds in the event that local assistance payments are diverted to Authorities.
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
In November 2010, the MTA released the MTA 2011 Final Proposed Budget – November Financial Plan 2011-2014 for itself and its affiliates and subsidiaries, which operate various rail, subway and bus services in the City and the surrounding area. Late 2009 and early 2010 brought significant upheaval to what had been a stable outlook for the MTA, with a dramatic decline in dedicated taxes and subsidies. The Plan reflects the MTA’s response of seeking greater operational efficiency and additional cost saving initiatives. The Plan projects ending cash balances of $3 million in 2010 and $8 million in 2011. Deficits are projected for 2012, 2013 and 2014 of $207 million, $2 million and $440 million, respectively.
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The official financial disclosure of the MTA and its subsidiaries is available by contacting the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Finance Department, 347 Madison Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, New York 10017, or by visiting the MTA website at www.mta.info.
New York City
The fiscal demands on the State may be affected by the fiscal condition of the City, which relies in part on State aid to balance its budget and meet its cash requirements. It is also possible that the State’s finances may be affected by the ability of the City, and certain entities issuing debt for the benefit of the City, to market securities successfully in the public credit markets.
The City economy is poised for a slow recovery beginning in the latter half of 2010. The City’s growth depends partly on the performance of Wall Street, which generated record profits in 2009. Despite this achievement, compensation at New York Stock Exchange member firms was largely unchanged from 2008 to 2009 as a smaller share of net revenues was paid out as bonuses due to the need to rebuild capital and public pressure on firms to limit payouts. Wall Street profits are not expected to be as great in 2010 as they were in 2009. Wall Street faces conflicting influences. On the one hand, modest growth in the M&A and IPO markets and a buoyant bond market are having a positive influence. While, on the other hand, declining equity trading volumes, a flatter yield curve and regulatory reforms create challenges for Wall Street firms.
Other sectors of the local economy are expected to stabilize or grow modestly in 2010. As office-using employment contracted, the City’s primary market vacancy rate more than doubled in 2010, while average asking rents fell to $62 per square foot, down from $85 at the peak in 2008. It is expected that rents will reach their trough in 2010. Residential real estate saw improvement in the last quarter of 2009 from the performance earlier in the year, with year-over-year gains in sales volume and stable prices. Transactions are expected to grow further in 2010, while pricing will remain soft. The collapse in building permits implies that the necessary inventory adjustment in underway.
On a positive note, the City’s tourism industry continued to perform well in 2009, booking its third best year in history, welcoming 45 million visitors. Likewise, Broadway grossed an all-time high of $1 billion in box office receipts. As a result, leisure and hospitality employments is forecast to gain 6,000 jobs in 2010. Health services will also increase employment in 2010, adding 9,000 jobs, though growth may be constrained by the State’s fiscal difficulties.
The City added 50,000 private sector jobs between November 2009 and October 2010 gaining jobs across most sectors. However, the increased employment has come mostly in lower wage industries. In addition, employment was still down 100,000 or 3% from its peak.
The official financial disclosure of the City and the financing entities issuing debt on its behalf is available by contacting Raymond J. Orlando, Director of Investor Relations, (212) 788-5875 or contacting the City Office of Management and Budget, 75 Park Place, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10007.
New York City Financial Plan
On May 6, 2010, the City released its Fiscal Year 2011 Executive Budget (the “City Budget”) and the Four Year Financial Plan for the City and Covered Organizations for Fiscal Years 2011-14 (the “City Plan”). The City Plan’s projected revenues and expenditures for the 2010 fiscal year are balanced, in accordance with GAAP. In addition, the preliminary plan for fiscal year 2011 is also in balance. However, the City Budget and the City Plan project gaps of $3.8 billion, $4.6 billion and $5.4 billion for fiscal years 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. The City Plan, as adopted by the City Council with certain modifications, estimates that total revenues for 2011 will be $62.9 billion and the City Plan estimates that total revenues for each of the gap out years will be approximately $64.5 billion in 2012, $66.2 billion in 2013 and $68.0 billion in 2014.
The staffs of the New York State Financial Control Board (“FCB”), Office of the State Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York (“OSDC”), the City Comptroller and the Independent Budget Office (“IBO”) issue periodic reports on the City’s financial plans. Copies of the most recent reports are available by contacting: FCB, 123 William Street, 23rd Floor, New York, NY 10038, Attention: Executive Director; OSDC, 59 Maiden Lane, 29th Floor, New York, NY 10038, Attention: Deputy Comptroller; City Comptroller, Municipal Building, 6th Floor, One Centre Street, New York, NY 10007-2341, Attention: Deputy Comptroller for Budget; and IBO, 110 William Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10038, Attention: Director.
New York City Financing Program
Successful execution of the City Plan depends upon the City’s ability to market its securities successfully. The City’s program for financing capital projects for fiscal years 2010 through 2014 projects $37.7 billion dollars of long-term borrowing to support the City’s current capital program. Given the expanded New York City Transitional Finance Authority (“TFA”) issuance capacity of debt
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supported by personal income tax (“PIT”) for general capital purposes, the portion of the capital program not financed by the New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority (“NYW”) will be split between General Obligation (“GO”) bonds of the City and the TFA.
The City’s total debt outstanding for fiscal year 2010 issued through GO bonds, TFA bonds, TSASC bonds and Conduit Debt is expected to be approximately $60.3 billion and another $23.9 billion in Water Authority Bonds. The City’s financial plan is predicated on numerous assumptions, including the condition of the City’s and the region’s economies and the associated receipt of economically sensitive tax revenues in the projected amounts. The City Plan is also subject to a variety of other factors.
In addition to borrowings related to capital projects, the City issues both revenue and tax anticipation notes to finance its seasonal working capital requirements. The success of projected public sales of City, NYW, TFA, TSASC and other bonds and notes will be subject to prevailing market conditions. The City’s planned capital and operating expenditures are dependent upon the sale of its GO debt, as well as debt of the NYW, TFA, Dormitory Authority of the State of New York and TSASC.
In April 2010, Moody’s and Fitch, Inc. implemented a recalibration of their U.S. public finance credit ratings. Prior to the recalibration, these ratings agencies maintained a separate credit rating scale for municipal debt issuers. The rating recalibration of the City’s outstanding GO bonds resulted in a rating increase from Aa3 and AA– to Aa2 and AA by Moody’s (as of September 23, 2010) and Fitch, Inc. (as of June 4, 2010), respectively. S&P also provides credit ratings to the City’s financing entities, but already maintained a single rating scale. Since September 30, 2010, S&P has rated the City’s outstanding GO bonds AA, which is in line with the newly recalibrated ratings. Ratings reflect only the respective views of such organizations, and an explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained from the rating agency that furnished the rating. There is no assurance that a particular rating will continue for any given period of time or that any such rating will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely, if in the judgment of the agency originally establishing the rating, circumstances so warrant. Any such downward revision or withdrawal could have an adverse effect on the market prices of the City’s GO bonds.
Other Localities
Historically, the State has provided unrestricted financial assistance to cities, counties, towns and villages outside of the City. Certain localities outside the City have experienced financial problems and have consequently requested and received additional State assistance during the last several State fiscal years. Not included in the projections of the State’s receipts and disbursements for the State’s 2010-11 fiscal year or thereafter is the potential impact of any future requests by localities for additional financial assistance.
For instance, localities may face unanticipated problems as a result of pending litigation, judicial decisions and long-range economic trends. They may also require additional State assistance because of other large-scale potential problems, such as declining urban populations, increasing expenditures, and the loss of skilled manufacturing jobs. Severe financial difficulties resulting from the current economic recession could jeopardize localities access to the public credit markets, which may negatively impact the marketability of notes and bonds issued by the localities. Further, adoption of a property tax cap, as supported by some State policymakers, could affect property tax revenue for local government purposes and consequently, affect their operations, particularly school districts or others that are heavily dependent on property tax revenue.
Counties, cities, towns, villages, school districts and fire districts have engaged in substantial short-term and long-term borrowings. For the 2008 fiscal year, the total indebtedness for all localities in the State other than the City was approximately $38.7 billion. This figure includes bonds issued by the localities and certain debt guaranteed by the localities, but excludes capital lease obligations, assets held in sinking funds, and certain amounts available at the start of a fiscal year for redemption of debt.
As described above, the Ohio Fund will invest most of its net assets in securities issued by or on behalf of (or in certificates of participation in lease-purchase obligations of) the State of Ohio, political subdivisions of the State, or agencies or instrumentalities of the State or its political subdivisions (Ohio Obligations). The Ohio Fund is therefore susceptible to general or particular economic, political or regulatory factors that may affect issuers of Ohio Obligations. The following information constitutes only a brief summary of some of the many complex factors that may have an effect. The information does not apply to “conduit” obligations on which the public issuer itself has no financial responsibility. This information is derived from official statements of certain Ohio issuers published in connection with their issuance of securities and from other publicly available information, and is believed to be accurate. No independent verification has been made of any of the following information.
Generally, the creditworthiness of Ohio Obligations of local issuers is unrelated to that of obligations of the State itself, and the State has no responsibility to make payments on those local obligations.
There may be specific factors that at particular times apply in connection with investment in particular Ohio Obligations or in those obligations of particular Ohio issuers. It is possible that the investment may be in particular Ohio Obligations, or in those of particular issuers, as to which those factors apply. However, the information below is intended only as a general summary, and is not intended as a discussion of any specific factors that may affect any particular obligation or issuer.
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Much of this information is as of January 7, 2011, particularly debt figures and other statistics.
Ohio is the seventh most populous state. The Census count for 2010 was 11,536,104, up from 11,353,100 in 2000.
While diversifying more into the service and other non-manufacturing areas, the Ohio economy continues to rely in part on durable goods manufacturing largely concentrated in motor vehicles and machinery, including electrical machinery. As a result, general economic activity, as in many other industrially-developed states, tends to be more cyclical than in some other states and in the nation as a whole. Agriculture is an important segment of the economy, with over half the State’s area devoted to farming and a significant portion of total employment in agribusiness.
In earlier years, the State’s overall unemployment rate was commonly somewhat higher than the national figure. For example, the reported 1990 average monthly State rate was 5.7%, compared to the 5.6% national figure. From 1991 through 1998, however, the annual State rates were below the national rates (4.3% vs. 4.5% in 1998), then again slightly higher in 1999 (4.3% vs. 4.2%) and 2000 (4.0% vs. 4.0%), lower in 2001 (4.4% vs. 4.7%) and 2002 (5.7% vs. 5.8%), and higher in 2003 (6.2% vs. 6.0%), 2004 (6.1% vs. 5.5%), 2005 (5.9% vs. 5.1%), 2006 (5.5% vs. 4.6%) , 2007 (5.6% vs. 4.6%), 2008 (6.6% vs. 5.8%), and 2009 (10.2 vs. 9.3). In November 2010, the State unemployment rate equaled to the national rate of 9.8%. The unemployment rate and its effects vary among geographic areas of the State.
There can be no assurance that future national, regional or state-wide economic difficulties, and the resulting impact on State or local government finances generally, will not adversely affect the market value of Ohio Obligations held in an Ohio Fund or the ability of particular obligors to make timely payments of debt service on (or lease payments relating to) those Obligations.
Consistent with the Ohio Constitution provision that no State appropriation may be made for a period longer than two years, the State operates on the basis of a fiscal biennium for its appropriations and expenditures, and is effectively precluded by law from ending its July 1 to June 30 fiscal year (FY) or fiscal biennium in a deficit position. Most State operations are financed through the General Revenue Fund (GRF), for which the personal income and sales-use taxes are the major sources. Growth and depletion of GRF ending fund balances show a consistent pattern related to national economic conditions, with the ending FY balance reduced during less favorable and increased during more favorable economic periods. The State has well-established procedures for, and as described below has timely taken, necessary actions to ensure resource/expenditure balances (particularly in the GRF) during less favorable economic periods such as the current fiscal biennium. Those procedures include general and selected reductions in appropriations spending. None of those actions were or are being applied to appropriations or expenditures needed for debt service or lease payments relating to any State obligations.
The GRF ending fund balance for Fiscal Year 2010 was $139.1 million.
Recent biennium ending GRF balances were:
| | | |
| | | Fund Balance less |
| Cash | Fund | Designated |
Biennium | Balance | Balance(a) | Transfers(b) |
|
1998-99 | 1,512,528,000 | 976,778,000 | 221,519,000 |
2000-01 | 817,069,000 | 219,414,000 | 206,310,000 |
2002-03 | 396,539,000 | 52,338,000 | 52,338,000 |
2004-05 | 1,209,200,000 | 682,632,000 | 127,800,000 |
2006-07 | 1,432,925,000 | 215,534,000 | 215,534000 |
2008-09 | 734,526,000 | 389,103,000 | 389,103,000 |
(a) | Reflects the ending cash balance less amounts encumbered to cover financial commitments made prior to the end of the fiscal year. |
(b) | Reflects the ending fund balance less amounts designated for transfer to other funds, including the BSF. |
| |
The interim and final appropriations acts for the 2010-11 biennium include all necessary appropriations for debt service on State obligations and for lease payments relating to lease rental obligations issued by the Ohio Building Authority and the Treasurer of State.
The following is a selective general discussion of State finances, particularly GRF receipts and expenditures, for recent and the current bienniums. The State administration and both houses of the General Assembly have been and are committed to and have taken actions that ensure a balance of GRF resources and expenditures.
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2000-01. The State’s financial situation varied substantially in the 2000-01 biennium. The first Fiscal Year of the biennium ended with a GRF cash balance of $1.506 billion and a fund balance of $855.8 million. A transfer of $49.2 million from that balance increased the BSF to $1.002 billion (or 5% of GRF revenue for the preceding Fiscal Year). An additional $610.4 million was transferred to the ITRF.
In the middle of the second year of the biennium, the State enacted supplemental appropriations of $645.3 million to address shortfalls in its Medicaid and disability assistance programs. The State’s share of this additional funding was $247.6 million, with $125 million coming from Fiscal Year 2001 GRF spending reductions and the remainder from available GRF moneys. The reductions were implemented by OBM prior to March 1, 2001 applying a 1 to 2% cut to most State departments and agencies. Expressly excluded from the reductions were debt service and lease rental payments relating to State obligations, and elementary and secondary education.
In March 2001, new lowered revenue estimates for Fiscal Year 2001 and for Fiscal Years 2002 and 2003 were announced. Based on indications that the Ohio economy continued to be affected by the national economic downturn, GRF revenue estimates for Fiscal Year 2001 were reduced by $288 million. In addition, OBM projected higher than previously anticipated Medicaid expenditures. Among the more significant steps taken to ensure the positive GRF ending fund balance at June 30, 2001 were further spending reductions (with the same exceptions noted above for debt service and education) and authorization to transfer from the BSF to the GRF amounts necessary to ensure an ending GRF fund balance of $188.2 million. The State ended Fiscal Year 2001 with a GRF fund balance of $219.4 million, making that transfer unnecessary.
2002-03. Ongoing and rigorous consideration was given by the Governor and the General Assembly to revenues and expenditures throughout Fiscal Years 2002-03, primarily as a result of continuing weak economic conditions, with budgetary pressures during this period primarily due to lower than anticipated levels of receipts from certain major revenue sources.
Consideration came in four general time frames – the June 2001 biennial appropriation Act, late fall/early winter 2001, late spring and summer 2002, and late winter/spring 2003. Significant remedial steps included authorization to draw down and use the entire BSF balance, increased cigarette taxes, and use of tobacco settlement moneys previously earmarked for other purposes.
The biennial GRF appropriations Act passed in June 2001 provided for biennial GRF expenditures of approximately $45.1 billion without increases in any major State taxes. That Act and the separate appropriations acts for the biennium included all necessary debt service and lease rental payments related to State obligations. That original appropriations act also provided for transfers to the GRF of $160 million from the BSF and $100 million from the Family Services Stabilization Fund aimed at achieving Fiscal Year and biennium ending positive GRF fund balances, based on then current estimates and projections.
The Ohio economy continued to be negatively affected by the national economic downturn and by national and international events, and in October 2001 OBM lowered its GRF revenue estimates and projected GRF revenue shortfalls of $709 million for Fiscal Year 2002 and $763 million for Fiscal Year 2003. Executive and legislative actions taken to address those shortfalls included:
- Spending reductions and limits on hiring and major purchases. Governor ordered spending reductions were at the annual rate of 6% for most State agencies, with lesser reductions for correctional and other institutional agencies, and with exemptions for debt service related payments, primary and secondary education and the adjutant general.
- December 2001 legislation, the more significant aspects of which included authorizing the additional transfer of up to $248 million from the BSF to the GRF during the current biennium thereby reducing the estimated BSF balance to $607 million; reallocating to the GRF a $260 million portion of tobacco settlement receipts in Fiscal Years 2002 and 2003; and authorizing Ohio’s participation in a multi-state lottery game estimated to generate approximately $40 million annually beginning in Fiscal Year 2003.
Continuing weak economic conditions and lower than anticipated personal income and corporate franchise tax receipts then led OBM in the spring of 2002 to project higher estimated GRF revenue shortfalls of approximately $763 million in Fiscal Year 2002 and $1.15 billion in Fiscal Year 2003. Further executive and legislative actions were taken to ensure positive GRF fund balances for Fiscal Year 2002 and the biennium. In addition to further appropriation reductions for certain departments and other management steps, those actions included legislation providing for: additional transfers to the GRF of the then remaining BSF balance ($607 million) as needed in Fiscal Years 2002 and 2003, and of $50.8 million of unclaimed funds; a $50 million reduction in the Fiscal Year 2002 ending GRF balance to $100 million; increasing the cigarette tax by 31¢ per pack (to a total of 55¢ per pack) estimated by OBM to produce approximately $283 million in Fiscal Year 2003; additional transfers to the GRF of $345 million from tobacco settlement moneys received in Fiscal Years 2002 and 2003 previously earmarked for construction of elementary and secondary school facilities and replacing the moneys for that purpose with authorized general obligation bonds; and extension of the State income tax to Ohio-based trusts and “decoupling” certain Ohio business taxes from federal tax law economic stimulus changes affecting business equipment depreciation schedules to produce approximately $283 million in Fiscal Year 2003.
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Fiscal Year 2002 ended with positive GRF balances of $108.3 million (fund) and $619.2 million (cash) based on the remedial steps described above, including transfers of $289.6 million from tobacco settlement moneys and $534.3 million from the BSF (leaving a Fiscal Year 2002 ending BSF balance of $427.9 million, with that entire balance appropriated for GRF use if needed in Fiscal Year 2003).
On July 1, 2002, the Governor issued an executive order directing a total of approximately $375 million in GRF spending cutbacks for Fiscal Year 2003 reflecting prior budget balancing discussions with the General Assembly. Excluded from those department and agency cutbacks ranging up to 15% were elementary and secondary education, higher education, alcohol and drug addiction services, and the adjutant general. Also expressly excluded were debt service and lease rental payments relating to State obligations, and ad valorem property tax relief payments (made to local taxing entities).
Based on continuing reduced revenue collections (particularly, personal income taxes and sales tax receipts) and projected additional Medicaid spending, OBM in late January 2003 announced an additional Fiscal Year 2003 GRF shortfall of $720 million. The Governor ordered immediate additional reductions in spending intended to generate an estimated $121.6 million of GRF savings through the end of the Fiscal Year (expressly exempted were appropriations for or relating to debt service on State obligations).
The Governor also proposed and the General Assembly enacted by March 1, 2003, the following additional revenue enhancements, transfers and expenditure reductions for Fiscal Year 2003 to achieve a positive GRF fund balance at June 30, 2003 as then estimated by OBM: An additional 2.5% reduction in local government fund distributions to most subdivisions and local libraries, producing an estimated $30 million savings; transfers of $56.4 million to the GRF from unclaimed funds and various rotary funds; and a one-month acceleration in sales tax collections by vendors filing electronically to produce $286 million.
To offset the General Assembly’s enactment of legislation that did not include proposed additional taxes on cigarettes and liquor, beer and wine, the Governor on March 25 ordered additional reductions in GRF appropriations spending aggregating $142.5 million for the balance of Fiscal Year 2003. Included were reductions (generally at an annualized rate of 2.5%) of $90.6 million in State foundation and parity aid to school districts and an additional $9.3 million in Department of Education administration spending, $39.2 million in instructional support to higher education institutions, and other selected reductions totaling $3.4 million. The Governor also identified approximately $20 million in excess food stamp administration funds available to offset the need for further expenditure reductions. Expressly excepted from those reductions were appropriations for or relating to debt service on State obligations.
Based on the Administration’s continuing monitoring of revenues, and as an anticipated step in the then ongoing 2004-05 biennial budget and appropriations process, OBM reported revised revenue estimates to the General Assembly on June 11, 2003. Those estimates revised Fiscal Year 2003 revenues downward by an additional $200 million from OBM’s January 2003 adjusted baseline, based primarily on updated income and sales tax receipts through May 31. The Governor and OBM addressed this additional Fiscal Year 2003 revenue shortfall through additional expenditure controls and by drawing upon $193 million of federal block grant aid made available to the State prior to June 30 under a federal law effective on May 28, 2003.
The State ended the 2002-03 biennium with a GRF cash and fund balances of $396.5 million and $52.3 million, respectively, and a balance in the BSF of $180.7 million.
Additional appropriations actions during the 2002-2003 biennium, affecting most subdivisions and local libraries in the State, related to the various local government assistance funds. The original appropriations act capped the amount to be distributed in Fiscal Years 2002 and 2003 to essentially the equivalent monthly payment amounts in Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001. Subsequent legislation amended the level to the lesser of those prior Fiscal Year amounts or the amount that would have been distributed under the standard formula.
2004-05. The GRF appropriations Act for the 2004-05 biennium was passed by the General Assembly and signed (with selective vetoes) by the Governor in June 2003. The Act provided for total GRF biennial revenue of approximately $48.95 billion and total GRF biennial expenditures of approximately $48.79 billion. That Act and the separate appropriations acts for the biennium included all necessary debt service and lease-rental payments related to State obligations.
Among other expenditure controls, the Act included Medicaid cost containment measures including pharmacy cost management initiatives, limited expenditure growth for institutional services and implementation of managed care for higher-cost populations; continued phase-out of certain tangible personal property tax relief payments to local governments; the closing by consolidation of three institutional facilities during the biennium; adjustments in eligibility guidelines for subsidized child care from 185% to 150% of the federal poverty level and freezing certain reimbursement rates; no compensation increases for most State employees in Fiscal Year 2004 and limited one-time increases in Fiscal Year 2005; and continued the limitation on local government assistance fund distributions to most subdivisions and local libraries to the lesser of the equivalent monthly payments in Fiscal Year 2003 or the amount that would have been distributed under the standard formula.
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The GRF expenditure authorizations for the 2004-05 biennium reflected and were supported by revenue enhancement actions contained in the Act including:
- A one-cent increase in the State sales tax (to six percent) for the biennium (expiring June 30, 2005), projected to generate approximately $1.25 billion in each Fiscal Year.
- Expansion of the sales tax base to include dry-cleaning/laundry services, towing, personal care and other services, and satellite television, producing in aggregate approximately $102 million annually. On February 12, 2009, an Ohio appeals court overruled a 2007 trial court decision and upheld the inclusion of satellite television in the sales tax base, which produces approximately $54 million annually. The Ohio Supreme Court on December 27, 2010, affirmed that court of appeals decision in favor of the State.
- Moving local telephone companies from the public utility tax base to the corporate franchise and sales tax, projected at the time to produce approximately $29 million annually.
- Elimination of the sales tax exemption for wide area telephone service (WATS) and 800 telecom services coupled with the enactment of a more limited exemption for call centers, projected at the time to produce approximately $64 million annually.
- Adjustments in the corporate franchise tax through the adoption of the Uniform Division of Income for Tax Purposes Act (UDITPA) for apportionment of business income among states, and an increase in the corporate alternative minimum tax, projected at the time to produce in the aggregate approximately $35 million annually.
The Act also authorized and OBM on June 30, 2004 transferred $234,700,000 of proceeds received from the national tobacco settlement into the GRF. In addition, the Act authorized the draw down during the biennium of federal block grant and Medicaid assistance aid made available to the State under a federal law effective May 28, 2003. OBM drew down $211.6 million and $316.8 million of those federal monies in Fiscal Years 2004 and 2005, respectively.
Based on regular monitoring of revenues and expenditures, OBM in March 2004 announced revised GRF revenue projections for Fiscal Years 2004 and 2005 based primarily on reduced revenue collections from personal income taxes. In response to OBM reducing its GRF revenue projection by $247.1 million (1.02%) for Fiscal Year 2004 and by $372.7 million (1.48%) for Fiscal Year 2005, the Governor ordered Fiscal Year 2004 expenditure reductions of approximately $100 million. On July 1, 2004, the Governor ordered additional Fiscal Year 2005 expenditure cuts of approximately $118 million and a reduction of $50 million in State spending on Medicaid reflecting an increased Federal share of certain Medicaid services. Expressly excluded from those reductions were debt service and lease rental payments relating to State obligations, State basic aid to elementary and secondary education, instructional subsidies and scholarships for public higher education, in-home care for seniors and certain job creation programs. The balance of those revenue reductions were offset by GRF expenditure lapses and, for Fiscal Year 2005, elimination of an anticipated $100 million year-end transfer to the BSF while maintaining a one-half percent year-end GRF fund balance.
The State ended Fiscal Year 2004 with a GRF fund balance of $157.5 million. Improving economic conditions had a positive effect on revenue in Fiscal Year 2005. With GRF revenue receipts modestly outperforming estimates for much of the Fiscal Year, OBM in June 2005 increased its GRF revenue estimates by $470.7 million. Final Fiscal Year 2005 GRF revenue came in $67.4 million above that revised estimate. With Fiscal Year 2005 spending close to original estimates, the State made the following Fiscal Year-end allocations and transfers: $60 million to address a prior-year liability in the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program; $40 million to a disaster services contingency fund; $50 million to the State’s share of the school facilities construction program; and $394.2 million to the BSF. After these and certain smaller transfers, the State ended Fiscal Year 2005 and the biennium with a GRF fund balance of $127.8 million and a BSF balance of $574.2 million.
2006-07. Consistent with State law, the Governor’s Executive Budget for the 2006-07 biennium was released in February 2005 and introduced in the General Assembly. After extended hearings and review, the GRF appropriations Act for the 2006-07 biennium was passed by the General Assembly and signed (with selective vetoes) by the then Governor on June 30, 2005. That Act provided for total GRF biennial revenue of approximately $51.5 billion (a 3.8% increase over 2004-05 biennial revenue) and total GRF biennial appropriations of approximately $51.3 billion (a 5.0% increase over 2004-05 biennial expenditures). Spending increases for major program categories over the 2004-05 actual expenditures were: 5.8% for Medicaid (the Act also included a number of Medicaid reform and cost containment initiatives); 3.4% for higher education; 4.2% for elementary and secondary education; 5.5% for corrections and youth services; and 4.8% for mental health and mental retardation. The Executive Budget, the GRF appropriations Act and the separate appropriations acts for the biennium included all necessary debt service and lease rental payments related to State obligations.
The GRF expenditure authorizations for the 2006-07 biennium reflected and were supported by a significant restructuring of major State taxes, including:
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- A 21% reduction in State personal income tax rates phased in at 4.2% per year over the 2005 through 2009 tax years.
- Phased elimination of the State corporate franchise tax at a rate of approximately 20% per year over the 2006 through 2010 tax years (except for its continuing application to financial institutions and certain affiliates of insurance companies and financial institutions).
- Implementation of a new commercial activity tax (CAT) on gross receipts from doing business in Ohio phased in over the 2006 through 2010 fiscal years. In fiscal year 2010, the CAT is being levied at its fully phased-in rate of 0.26% on gross receipts in excess of $1,000,000. The fully implemented CAT is projected to produce $1.68 billion annually with $139 million of that amount attributable to its application to motor fuels. Litigation filed in March 2008 is currently pending before a trial court challenging the application of the CAT to motor fuels and requesting an order enjoining the collection of that tax and such other relief as the court deems appropriate. On September 17, 2009, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled in litigation initiated in 2006 that food sales for off-premise consumption may be included in the CAT base.
- A 5.5% State sales and use tax (decreased from the 6.0% rate for the 2004-05 biennium).
- An increase in the cigarette tax from $0.55 per pack (of 20 cigarettes) to $1.25 per pack.
The then Governor signed into law on June 5, 2006 legislation enacted by the General Assembly imposing a limitation on most GRF appropriations commencing with the 2008-09 biennium. This statutory limitation initially uses Fiscal Year 2007 GRF appropriations as a baseline (excluding appropriations for debt service, tax relief and refunds, and certain appropriations reflecting moneys received from the federal government) and then applies an annual growth factor equal to the greater of 3.5% or the sum of the inflation rates and rate of State population change. Every fourth fiscal year thereafter becomes a new base year. This legislation was enacted as an alternative to a proposed “tax and expenditure limitation” (TEL) amendment to the Ohio Constitution that was withdrawn from the November 2006 general election ballot.
The State ended Fiscal Year 2006 with a GRF cash balance of $1.529 billion and a GRF fund balance of $1.026 billion. Of that ending GRF fund balance, the State carried forward $631.9 million to cover the expected and planned for variance of Fiscal Year 2007 GRF appropriations over estimated revenue, to offset the one-time cost of accelerating the phase-in of reductions in State personal income tax withholding rates, and to maintain the required 0.5% of Fiscal Year 2007 GRF revenue as an ending fund balance. The remaining approximately $39.4 million was deposited into the BSF increasing its balance to $1.012 billion (which includes $40 million in receipts collected from a broad tax amnesty initiative and deposited in June 2006). The State ended Fiscal Year 2007 with a GRF cash balance of $1.433 billion and a GRF fund balance of $215.5 million.
2008-09. Ongoing and rigorous consideration was given by the Governor and the General Assembly to revenues and expenditures throughout Fiscal Years 2008-09, primarily as a result of the Ohio economy being negatively affected by the national economic downturn. Budgetary pressures during this period were primarily due to continuing lower than previously estimated levels of receipts from certain major revenue sources.
Consideration came in three general time frames – winter 2007, fall/winter 2008, and spring 2009. Significant measures were taken including use of the entire Budget Stabilization Fund (BSF) balance and expenditure reductions and spending controls on State agencies and departments.
Consistent with State law, the Governor’s Executive Budget for the 2008-09 biennium was released in March 2007 and introduced in the General Assembly. After extended hearings and review, the GRF appropriations Act for the biennium was passed by the General Assembly and signed (with selective vetoes) by the Governor on June 30, 2007. Reflecting the continued implementation of the restructuring of State taxes commenced in 2006-07, that Act was based upon then estimated total GRF biennial revenues of approximately $53.5 billion (a 3.9% increase over the 2006-07 biennial revenue) and total GRF biennial appropriations of approximately $52.4 billion (a 2.1% increase over the 2006-07 biennial expenditures). Spending increases for major program categories over the 2006-07 actual expenditures were: 2.2% for Medicaid (the Act also included a number of Medicaid reform and cost containment initiatives); 13.2% for higher education; 5.2% for elementary and secondary education; 4.9% for corrections and youth services; and 4.7% for mental health and mental retardation. The Executive Budget and the GRF appropriations Act complied with the law discussed above under 2006-07 limiting appropriations for the 2008-09 biennium. The Executive Budget, the GRF appropriations Act and the separate appropriations acts for the biennium included all necessary debt service and lease rental payments related to State obligations.
The original GRF expenditure authorizations for the 2008-09 biennium reflected and were supported by tax law changes contained in the Act, including:
- Restructuring nonresident tax exemption for Ohio motor vehicle purchases projected to produce approximately $54.0 million for the biennium.
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- Restoring local government fund support by committing a set percent of all tax revenues deposited into the GRF. Local governments will receive 3.7% of total GRF tax revenues annually and local libraries will receive 2.22% of total GRF tax revenues annually.
- Eliminating the $300 per month cigarette and tobacco product importation exemption projected to produce approximately $25.0 million annually.
The GRF appropriations Act also created the Buckeye Tobacco Settlement Financing Authority to securitize tobacco settlement receipts payable to the State under the November 1998 national tobacco settlement. On October 29, 2007, the Authority issued $5.53 billion in Tobacco Settlement Asset-Backed Bonds, Series 2007 to fund capital expenditures for higher education ($938 million) and common school ($4.112 billion) purposes over three years in lieu of the State issuing GRF-backed general obligation bonds to fund those capital expenditures. The resulting debt service savings to the GRF is funding the expansion of the homestead exemption property tax relief program in the Act. The Act reprograms all prior General Assembly allocations of anticipated tobacco settlement receipts to enable the pledge of 100% of those receipts to the payment of debt service on the Authority’s obligations. The State had previously enacted legislation allocating its anticipated share of those receipts through Fiscal Year 2012 and making a partial allocation thereafter through Fiscal Year 2025. Except for Fiscal Years 2002 through 2004, none of the receipts were applied to existing operating programs of the State. Under those previously enacted allocations, the largest amount was to be applied to elementary and secondary school capital expenditures, with other amounts allocated for smoking cessation and health-related purposes, biomedical research and technology transfer, and assistance to the tobacco growing areas in the State.
Winter 2007. With the Ohio economy expected to be negatively affected by the national economic downturn, in January 2008 OBM reduced its original GRF revenue projections by $172.6 million for Fiscal Year 2008 and $385.1 million for Fiscal Year 2009. Based on those lower GRF revenue estimates and increased costs associated with rising Medicaid caseloads, OBM projected a budgetary shortfall for the 2008-09 biennium of $733 million.
Executive and legislative actions were taken based on the new OBM estimates, including:
- The Governor, on January 31, 2008, issued an executive order directing expenditure reductions and spending controls totaling approximately $509 million (of which about $402 million was realized) for the 2008-09 biennium as well as limitations on major purchases, hiring and travel based primarily on the transfers of unspent agency appropriations and the June 2008 action described below. Allocation of those reductions has been determined by the OBM Director in consultation with the affected agencies and departments, with annual expenditure reductions ranging up to 10%. An employee reduction plan was also announced aimed at reducing the State’s workforce by up to 2,700 through selective elimination of positions, attrition, unfilled vacancies and an early retirement incentive program. Expressly excluded from the cutbacks are appropriations for or relating to debt service on State obligations, State higher education instructional support, foundation formula support for primary and secondary education, Medicaid entitlement programs, and ad valorem property tax relief payments.
- Transfer of unspent agency appropriations totaling $120 million in Fiscal Year 2008 and $78 million in Fiscal Year 2009.
- Authorizing expansion of the State-run lottery system to include “keno” games currently projected to generate $65 million in Fiscal Year 2009 of which approximately $25 million was realized.
In June 2008, the General Assembly also passed legislation that provided for, among other things, transfers to the GRF (after a selective line-item veto) of up to $63.3 million from the BSF for the State’s share of increased Medicaid costs, $55 million from rotary funds and $25 million in uncommitted interest earnings from proceeds of the State’s Tobacco Settlement Asset-Backed Bonds.
In March 2008, in response to the national economic downturn, the Governor proposed a $1.7 billion economic stimulus plan to stimulate the Ohio economy through investments in logistics and distribution, bio-products and bio-medical research, advanced and renewable energy, local government infrastructure, conservation projects and brownfield revitalization projects. These investments were to be funded primarily through new GRF bond-backed capital appropriations. After extensive hearings and review, the General Assembly in June passed a $1.57 billion economic stimulus package that mirrored the purposes proposed by the Governor and added funding for higher education workforce programs and expanded the State’s historic preservation tax credits. The sources of funding for the stimulus plan include, in addition to GRF-backed bonds, $230 million of cash from the Ohio Tobacco Prevention Foundation (this transfer is subject to a pending legal challenge), $370 million in GRF operating appropriations to have been made over the next five fiscal years, $184 million in bonds backed by net profit from the State’s liquor enterprise, and $200 million in bonds backed by highway user receipts.
Fall/Winter 2008. With the Ohio economy continuing to be negatively affected by the national economic downturn, OBM on September 10, 2008 announced a $540 million further reduction in its GRF revenue projections for Fiscal Year 2009 and a
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projected Fiscal Year budgetary shortfall of the same amount. Executive actions announced to offset the projected shortfall included:
- Use of additional planned Fiscal Year-end lapses and GRF carry forward totaling $126.4 million.
- Use of balances in various non-GRF “rotary funds” totaling $112 million.
- Transfer to the GRF an additional $40 million of interest earnings on the proceeds of the tobacco securitization referred to above.
- As authorized by June 2008 legislation referred to above, a transfer to the GRF of $63.3 million to pay for previously authorized Medicaid cost expenditures.
The $198.3 million balance was offset by a 4.75% reduction in most agency appropriations, which does not apply to appropriations for debt service or tax relief, Medicaid and disability financial assistance, Department of Education aid to local school districts, the Departments of Rehabilitation and Corrections and Youth Services and selected others.
On December 1, 2008, OBM announced a further $640.4 million reduction in GRF revenue projections for Fiscal year 2009 expected to result in a projected Fiscal Year budgetary shortfall of the same amount. Executive actions announced to offset much of that projected shortfall included:
- Reducing total GRF Medicaid spending by $311.1 million by using cash from non-GRF Medicaid accounts and the corresponding federal share previously planned for use in Fiscal Year 2010.
- Reducing total Medicaid program spending by $21.3 million by enhanced focus on use of other third party liability sources and other program savings exceeding original estimates.
- Reducing other GRF expenditures by $180.5 million through a further 5.75% reduction in most agency appropriations, which did not apply to appropriations for debt service or tax relief, Medicaid and disability financial assistance, Department of Education aid to local school districts, the Departments of Rehabilitation and Corrections and Youth Services and selected others. These reductions were in addition to the approximately $1.27 billion of 2008-09 biennium budget adjustments previously undertaken.
The $131.9 million remainder of the shortfall was offset by additional Federal Medical Assistance Payments (FMAP) to be received under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which increased federal Medicaid match to the GRF by that amount (after taking into account loss of federal match from the two Medicaid related actions outlined above). Based on these expenditure reductions, spending controls and other measures – and before the revised revenue estimates referred to below – OBM was projecting a positive GRF fund balance at June 30, 2009.
Spring 2009. Based on the Administration’s continuing monitoring of revenues, and as an anticipated step in the then ongoing 2010-11 biennial budget and appropriations process, OBM reported revised revenue estimates to the General Assembly on June 11, 2009. Those estimates revised Fiscal Year 2009 revenues downward by an additional $912 million over OBM’s December 2008 adjusted baseline, based primarily on updated income and sales tax receipts through May 31. To address this additional Fiscal Year 2009 revenue shortfall, the Governor received General Assembly approval for and used the entire remaining BSF balance of $949 million for Fiscal Year 2009. Additional measures taken to address this shortfall included the restructuring of $52.8 million of Fiscal Year 2009 general revenue fund debt service into Fiscal Years 2012 through 2021 and expenditure reductions of $98 million in addition to the expenditure controls ordered by the Governor on April 22.
The State ended Fiscal Year 2009 with GRF cash and fund balances of $734.5 million and $389.1 million respectively, and a $-0- balance in the BSF. Of the ending GRF fund balance, $133.4 million represents the one-half of one percent of Fiscal Year 2009 GRF revenues the State is required to maintain as an ending fund balance.
Current Biennium. Consistent with State law, the Governor’s Executive Budget for the 2010-11 biennium was released in February 2009 and introduced in the General Assembly. After extended hearings and review, and after passage by the General Assembly and signing by the Governor of three seven-day interim budgets, the 2010-11 biennial appropriations Act was passed by the General Assembly and signed (with selective vetoes) by the Governor on July 17, 2009. All necessary debt service and lease-rental payments related to State obligations for the entire 2010-11 biennium were fully appropriated for the three week interim period and under the final Act. Reflecting the final implementation of the restructuring of State taxes commenced in 2006-07 and a conservative underlying economic forecast, that Act makes total GRF biennial appropriations of approximately $50.5 billion (a 3.8% decrease from the 2008-09 biennial expenditures) based on GRF biennial estimated revenues of approximately $51.1 billion (a 4.2% decrease from the 2008-09 biennial revenues). Appropriations for major program categories compared to 2008-09 actual spending reflect increases of 3.4% for Medicaid (that Act also included a number of Medicaid reform and cost containment initiatives) and 0.7% for corrections and youth services; and decreases of 13.8% for mental health and developmental disabilities, 8.3% for higher education, and 5.15% for elementary and secondary education. That Act also
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includes the restructuring of $736 million of Fiscal Years 2010 and 2011 general revenue fund debt service into Fiscal Years 2012 through 2025. Both the Executive Budget and the GRF appropriations Act complied with the law discussed above under 2006-07 limiting most GRF appropriations.
Major new sources of revenues reflected in the 2010-11 appropriations Act include:
- $2.4 billion of “Federal Stimulus” funding received under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, including $1.464 billion for elementary and secondary education, $628 million for Federal Medical Assistance Payments, and $326 million for other purposes.
- $933 million in gaming and license revenues ($296 million in Fiscal Year 2010 and $637 million in Fiscal Year 2011) from the Ohio Lottery Commission’s implementation of video lottery terminals (VLTs) at the seven horse racing tracks in the State. OBM estimated the VLTs would result in an approximately $851 million net increase in revenues for the biennium ($285 million in Fiscal Year 2010 and $566 million in Fiscal Year 2011) after taking into account offsetting effects of the VLTs on other lottery revenues. On September 21, 2009, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that the statutory provisions enacted in the biennial appropriations Act in support of implementation of those VLTs are subject to voter referendum and granted petitioners in that case until December 20, 2009 to submit referendum petitions. Under the referendum provisions of the Ohio Constitution, if referendum petitions are submitted containing at least 241,366 valid signatures (six per cent of the electors of the State) with at least half of those signatures from 44 of the State’s 88 counties, those statutory provisions for VLTs will not take effect “unless and until approved by a majority of those [electors] voting upon the same” at an election held on November 2, 2010. After review of the signatures on the timely submitted petitions and supplemental petitions, the Ohio Secretary of State on March 26 notified the committee for the petitioners those petitions contained a sufficient number of valid signatures to place the referendum on the November 2, 2010 ballot. On July 1, 2010, the Secretary of State confirmed the referendum was withdraw from the ballot pursuant to a written request from the committee for the petitioners.
- $259 million from the Ohio Tobacco Use Prevention and Control Foundation Endowment Fund (TUPAC) to be deposited into a special State fund (non-GRF) to be used for various health care initiatives. On August 11, 2009, a trial court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs and ordered these monies must remain in that endowment fund and be used for the purpose of reducing tobacco use. The State immediately appealed this trial court ruling and on December 31, 2009, the court of appeals ruled in favor of the State and reversed the trial court’s order. The Ohio Supreme Court on December 22, 2010, affirmed the court of appeals decision in favor of the State.
- $1.036 billion of “one-time” revenues or savings ($640 million in Fiscal Year 2010 and $396 million in Fiscal Year 2011), including $364 million from the spend-down of carry-forward balances (that required temporary suspension of the one-half of one percent ending fund balance requirement for the 2010-11 biennium), $250 million transferred from a cash account at the Ohio School Facilities Commission funds (anticipated to be replaced with bond funding of school facilities in future biennia), $272 million savings from subjecting State employees to a two week unpaid “furlough” during each year of the biennium, $84.3 million from a reduction in State funding to public libraries, and $65 million from the transfer to the GRF of interest on the proceeds of the State’s 2007 tobacco securitization.
- $530 million from transfers to the GRF of unclaimed funds and from other non-GRF funds.
In September 2010 the State also received from the federal government an award of $518.6 million of enhanced Federal Medical Assistance Payments funding (eFMAP) and $361.2 million of funding for teacher salaries and personnel costs for primary and secondary education (Ed Jobs).
To the extent any of these above items reflect non-recurring revenues, the budget and general appropriations for the 2012-13 biennium will need to reflect alternative revenue sources or off-setting expenditure reductions.
In response to the above-referenced September 21 decision of the Ohio Supreme Court declaring the VLT provisions in the biennial appropriations Act subject to referendum, the Governor proposed for General Assembly consideration postponing for two years the final installment of the personal income tax reduction currently scheduled to take effect for tax year 2009 (for returns filed in 2010). After extended hearings and review, the General Assembly approved, and the Governor signed into law on December 22, 2009, legislation keeping personal income tax rates at 2008 levels through tax year 2010. The Ohio Department of Taxation estimates the postponement will result in $844 million of additional State GRF tax revenues in the current biennium ($418 million in Fiscal Year 2010 and $426 million in Fiscal Year 2011).
The State ended Fiscal Year 2010 with GRF cash and fund balances of $510.4 million and $139.1 million respectively. OBM is currently projecting, and managing expenditures in support of, a positive GRF fund balance at the end of Fiscal Year 2011. As discussed above, the State is effectively precluded by its Constitution from ending a Fiscal Year or a biennium in a
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“deficit” position. OBM continually monitors and analyzes revenues and expenditures developments (including pending litigation) and prepares a financial report summarizing its analyses at the end of each month. The most recent Monthly Financial Reports are accessible via OBM’s home page at http://obm.ohio.gov/MiscPages/MonthlyFinancialReports/, and copies are available upon request to OBM.
Upcoming 2012-13 Biennium. Under State law, the new Governor is required to submit the Executive Budget for the upcoming 2012-13 biennium to the General Assembly by March 15, 2011. Appropriations legislation reflecting that Executive Budget is then introduced for committee hearings and review in first the House and then the Senate, with that appropriations legislation as approved by the General Assembly then presented to the Governor for his approval (with possible line item vetoes). The biennial appropriations Act for the current 2010-11 biennium created a six member (three from each of the House and Senate) Budget Planning and Management Commission (BPMC) to “study and make recommendations that are designed to provide relief to the state during the current difficult fiscal and economic period”. The BPMC commenced meeting in June 2010, heard testimony and received suggestions, and released two reports -- one from its three Republican members dated November 30 and one from its three Democratic members dated December 8. Both these reports contained estimates of “non-recurring” revenues reflected in the 2010-11 budget as enacted ranging from $4.887 billion in the GRF to $8.339 billion for all GRF and non-GRF Funds. These estimates include the effect of the postponement, approved on December 22, 2009, of the final installment of the personal income tax reduction but do not reflect the federal award to the State in September 2010 of $518.6 million of eFMAP funding and $361.2 million of “Ed Jobs” funding mentioned below. Both included the following options for consideration with the 2012-2013 biennial budget: reductions in State government appropriations (preferably on a program specific basis), Medicaid reform, seeking Medicaid funding to off-set costs of expanded coverage under federal health care reform, requesting a federal waiver of state interest payments on federal unemployment compensation advances, securitization of assets/lease-back proposals, regulatory/mandate relief, prison/ sentencing reform, purchasing consortia for public sector entities/procurement reform, information technology sharing, and cross-entity service agreements for governmental entities. The following additional options were mentioned for consideration in only one of the two reports: review of state tax expenditures, privatization of services, collective bargaining reform, continuation of State employee furloughs, mineral extraction/oil drilling on State-owned lands, pension reform, use of State “charter agencies”, performance audits, revising the definition of independent contractor. Copies of the BPMC reports can be found on the Internet at http://bpmc.legislature.state.oh.us/.
The incurrence or assumption of debt by the State without a popular vote is, with limited exceptions, prohibited by the State Constitution. The State may incur debt to cover casual deficits or to address failures in revenues or to meet expenses not otherwise provided for, but limited in amount to $750,000. The Constitution expressly precludes the State from assuming the debts of any county, city, town or township, or of any corporation. (An exception in both cases is for debts incurred to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or defend the State in war.) The Constitution provides that “Except the debts above specified . . . no debt whatever shall hereafter be created by, or on behalf of the state.”
By 19 constitutional amendments approved from 1921 to present, Ohio voters have authorized the incurrence of State general obligation (GO) debt and the pledge of taxes or excises to its payment, all related to the financing of capital facilities, except for four that funded bonuses for veterans, one that funded coal technology research and development, and one for research and development activities. Currently, tax supported general obligation debt of the State is authorized to be incurred for the following purposes: highways, local infrastructure, coal development, natural resources, higher education, common schools, conservation, research and development, site development, and veterans compensatrion. Although supported by the general obligation pledge, highway debt is also backed by a pledge of and has always been paid from the State’s motor fuel taxes and other highway user receipts that are constitutionally restricted in use to highway related purposes.
A 1999 constitutional amendment provides an annual debt service “cap” applicable to most future issuances of State general obligations and other State direct obligations payable from the GRF or net State lottery proceeds. Generally, new obligations may not be issued if debt service for any future Fiscal Year on those new and the then outstanding bonds of those categories would exceed 5% of the total of estimated GRF revenues (excluding GRF receipts from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) plus net State lottery proceeds for the Fiscal Year of issuance. Those direct obligations of the State include general obligation and special obligation bonds that are paid from the State's GRF, but exclude (i) general obligation debt for third frontier research and development, development of sites and facilities, and veterans compensation, and (ii) general obligation debt payable from non-GRF funds (such as highway bonds that are paid from highway user receipts). Pursuant to the implementing legislation, the Governor has designated the OBM Director as the State official responsible for making the 5% determinations and certifications. Application of the 5% cap may be waived in a particular instance by a three-fifths vote of each house of the Ohio General Assembly and may be changed by future constitutional amendments.
In addition to its issuance of highway bonds, the State has financed selected highway infrastructure projects by issuing bonds and entering into agreements that call for debt service payments to be made from federal transportation funds allocated to the State, subject to biennial appropriations by the General Assembly. The highest annual State payment under those agreements in the
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current or any future fiscal year is $173.1 million in Fiscal Year 2012. In the event of any insufficiency in the anticipated federal allocations to make payments on State bonds, the payments are to be made from any lawfully available moneys appropriated to ODOT for the purpose.
State agencies also have participated in buildings and equipment, information systems and non-highway transportation projects that have local as well as State use and benefit, in connection with which the State has entered into lease-purchase agreements with terms ranging from 7 to 20 years. Certificates of Participation (COPs) have been issued in connection with those agreements that represent fractionalized interests in and are payable from the State’s anticipated lease payments. The maximum annual payment from GRF appropriations under those existing agreements is $30.5 million in Fiscal Year 2013 and the total GRF-supported principal amount outstanding is $207.8 million. Payments by the State are subject to biennial appropriations by the General Assembly with the lease terms subject to renewal if appropriations are made. The OBM Director’s approval of such agreements is required if COPs are to be publicly-offered in connection with those agreements.
A statewide economic development program assists the financing of facilities and equipment for industry, commerce, research and distribution, including technology innovation, by providing loans and loan guarantees. The law authorizes the issuance of State bonds and notes secured by a pledge of portions of the State profits from liquor sales. The General Assembly has authorized the issuance of these obligations with a maximum of $630 million to be outstanding at any one time, of which not more than $84 million may be issued for eligible advanced energy projects and not more than $100 million may be issued for eligible logistics and distribution projects. The aggregate amount of net liquor profit to be used in any Fiscal Year to pay debt service on these economic development bonds may not exceed $63 million and the current maximum annual debt service is $45.0 million in Fiscal Year 2016. The State has issued $200 million of bonds for revitalization purposes that are also payable from a separate, subordinate pledge of State net liquor profits. The maximum annual debt service on the revitalization bonds is $18.6 million in Fiscal Year 2012.
Certain State agencies issue revenue bonds that are payable from revenues from or relating to revenue producing facilities, such as those issued by the Ohio Turnpike Commission. By judicial interpretation, such revenue bonds do not constitute “debt” under the constitutional provisions described above. The Constitution authorizes State bonds for certain housing purposes (issued by the Ohio Housing Finance Agency) to which tax moneys may not be obligated or pledged.
The State has authorized the issuance of fully refundable tax credits in support of the $157,940,000 Ohio Capital Fund (OCF) financing bonds issued in May 2010 by the Columbus-Franklin County Finance Authority. Those tax credits may be claimed by the bond trustee for the purpose of restoring the bond reserve fund for those bonds in the event it is drawn upon and not restored from other sources. Those credits may not be claimed before July 1, 2012 or after June 30, 2036, and the maximum amount of tax credits that may be claimed is $20 million in any fiscal year and $380 million total. Proceeds of the OCF bonds fund investments in venture capital funds to promote investment in seed and early-stage Ohio-based business enterprises.
Litigation was commenced in the Ohio courts in 1991 questioning the constitutionality of Ohio’s system of school funding and compliance with the constitutional requirement that the State provide a “thorough and efficient system of common schools”. On December 11, 2002, the Ohio Supreme Court, in a 4-3 decision on a motion to reconsider its own decision rendered in September 2001, concluded (as it had in its 1997 and 2000 opinions in that litigation) that the State did not comply with that requirement, even after again noting and crediting significant State steps in recent years.
In its prior decisions, the Ohio Supreme Court stated as general base threshold requirements that every school district have enough funds to operate, an ample number of teachers, sound and safe buildings, and equipment sufficient for all students to be afforded an educational opportunity.
With particular respect to funding sources, the Court concluded in 1997 and 2000 decisions that property taxes no longer may be the primary means of school funding in Ohio.
On March 4, 2003, the plaintiffs filed with the original trial court a motion to schedule and conduct a conference to address compliance with the orders of the court in that case, the State petitioned the Ohio Supreme Court to issue a writ prohibiting that conference on compliance, and the trial court subsequently petitioned the Ohio Supreme Court for guidance as to the proper course to follow. On May 16, 2003, the Ohio Supreme Court granted that writ and ordered the dismissal of the motion before the trial court. On October 20, 2003 the United States Supreme Court declined to accept the plaintiff’s subsequent petition requesting further review of the case.
In the years following this litigation, the General Assembly took several steps, including significantly increasing State funding for public schools. In addition, at the November 1999 election electors approved a constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of State general obligation debt for school buildings and for higher education facilities. December 2000 legislation addressed certain mandated programs and reserves, characterized by the plaintiffs and the Court as “unfunded mandates.”
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Under the financial structure in place before the current biennium, Ohio’s 613 public school districts and 49 joint vocational school districts receive a major portion (but less than 50%) of their operating moneys from State subsidy appropriations (the primary portion of which is known as the Foundation Program) distributed in accordance with statutory formulae that take into account both local needs and local taxing capacity. The Foundation Program amounts steadily increased in recent years, including small aggregate increases even in those Fiscal Years in which appropriations cutbacks were imposed.
School districts also rely upon receipts from locally voted taxes. In part because of provisions of some State laws, such as that partially limiting the increase (without further vote of the local electorate) in voted property tax collections that would otherwise result from increased assessed valuations, some school districts have experienced varying degrees of difficulty in meeting mandated and discretionary increased costs. Local electorates have largely determined the total moneys available for their schools. Locally elected boards of education and their school administrators are responsible for managing school programs and budgets within statutory requirements.
The State’s school subsidy formulas that were used until the current biennium were structured to encourage both program quality and local taxing effort. Until the late 1970’s, although there were some temporary school closings, most local financial difficulties that arose were successfully resolved by the local districts themselves by some combination of voter approval of additional property tax levies, adjustments in program offerings, or other measures. For more than 20 years, requirements of law and levels of State funding have sufficed to prevent school closings for financial reasons, which in any case are prohibited by current law.
To broaden the potential local tax revenue base, local school districts also may submit for voter approval income taxes on the district income of individuals and estates. Many districts have submitted the question, and income taxes are currently approved in 145 districts.
Biennial school funding State appropriations from the GRF and Lottery Profits Education Fund (but excluding federal and other special revenue funds) for recent biennia were:
- 1998-99 – $11.6 billion (18.3% over the previous biennium).
- 2000-01 – $13.3 billion (15% over the previous biennium).
- 2002-03 – $15.2 billion (17% over the previous biennium before the expenditure reductions).
- 2004-05 – $15.7 billion (3.3% over the previous biennium before the expenditure reductions).
- 2006-07 – $16.4 billion (4.5% over the previous biennium before the expenditure reductions).
- 2008-09 – $17.2 billion ( 5.1% over the previous biennium before the expenditure reductions).
State appropriations for school funding for the 2010-11 biennium are $17.0 billion (a 1.6% decrease from those appropriations in the previous biennium), representing a decrease of 3.4% in Fiscal Year 2010 over Fiscal Year 2009 and of 0.5% in Fiscal Year 2011 over Fiscal Year 2010. These amounts are exclusive of the $1.463 billion of appropriations to school districts for the 2010¬11 biennium of “Federal Stimulus” funding received under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
The amount of lottery profits transferred to the Lottery Profits Education Fund (LPEF) totaled $672.2 million in Fiscal Year 2008, $702.3 million in Fiscal Year 2009, $728.6 million in Fiscal Year 2010 and is appropriated at $711.0 million in Fiscal Year 2011. The 2010-11 biennial appropriations Act authorized the implementation of video lottery terminals (VLTs) at Ohio seven horse racing tracks. Ohio participation in the multi-state lottery commenced in May 2002. A constitutional provision requires that net lottery profits be paid into LPEF be used solely for the support of elementary, secondary, vocational and special education purposes, including application to debt service on general obligation bonds to finance common school facilities.
The 2010-11 biennial appropriations Act also enacted an “Evidenced Based Model” for the distribution of State funding to local school districts, with different elements of the new funding model to be phased in over the next ten years. Elements of that new model emphasize funding educational components that are linked with student academic success, such as decreased class size and all day kindergarten, and modification of teacher tenure and termination provisions.
For those few school districts, municipalities and other local governments that on occasion have faced significant financial problems, there are statutory procedures for a commission composed of State and local officials, and private sector members experienced in business and finance appointed by the Governor, to monitor the fiscal affairs and for development of a financial plan to eliminate deficits and cure any defaults. As of January 7, 2011, ten school districts and twenty-four local governments (one county, twenty-one municipalities and two townships) are in “fiscal emergency” status while five school districts and four local governments (all municipalities) are in preliminary “fiscal watch” status. A current listing of school districts and local governments in each status is on the Internet at http:// www.auditor.state.oh.us. More recent legislation has created a third, more preliminary, category of “fiscal caution.”
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At present the State itself does not levy ad valorem taxes on real or tangible personal property. Those taxes are levied by political subdivisions and local taxing districts. The Constitution has since 1934 limited the amount of the aggregate levy of ad valorem property taxes on particular property, without a vote of the electors or municipal charter provision, to 1% of true value in money, and statutes limit the amount of that aggregate levy without a vote or charter provision to 10 mills per $1 of assessed valuation --commonly referred to in the context of Ohio local government finance as the "ten-mill limitation."
The following is a brief summary of factors affecting the economy of the State of Rhode Island and does not purport to be a complete description of all factors that may affect issuers. The summary is based primarily upon Rhode Island’s most recent publicly-available official statement and other financial and demographic information, available as of June 30, 2010, and does not reflect recent developments since the date of such official statement and other information. The Fund has not independently verified this information.
As with many states across the country, Rhode Island has been hard hit by the economic recession experienced over the past couple of years resulting in high unemployment and fiscal uncertainty. The jobless rate peaked at 12.7% in December 2009, and the State ranks fourth in the nation with a 12.3% rate of unemployment as of May 2010, compared to 9.7% nationally. Although the Rhode Island economy as a whole has continued to experience job losses, the rate of job loss has been cut in half when comparing March 2010 to March 2009 vs. March 2009 to March 2008.
The impact of the high level of unemployment has translated into a sharp decline in tax receipts to the State, as less personal income taxes are received from employers through withholding taxes, and taxpayers transmit lower estimated and final payments, but request larger refunds. Personal income taxes are estimated to be $918.5 million in FY 2010 and $937.9 million in FY 2011. The FY 2011 level of personal income tax revenues is $135.7 million less than the peak level of receipts collected in FY 2007 and is only slightly more than what was collected in FY 2004. Uncertainty about the economic future and the contraction of the State's housing market has caused Rhode Islanders to pull back on spending and impacted the State's second largest income stream, the sales and use tax. Sales tax receipts are estimated to be $787.5 million in FY 2010 and $787 million in FY 2011. This is $86.2 million less than the peak level of receipts collected in FY 2007. The business corporations tax, which peaked in FY 2006 at $165.1 million, are estimated at $115 million in FY 2010 and $119 million in FY 2011. Rhode Island's estimated general revenue receipts in FY 2010 and FY 2011 are estimated to be $3.019 billion and $3.021 billion, respectively.
At the time of submission of the Governor's proposed budget for FY 2011, the FY 2011 budget shortfall was projected to be $427.4 million, due to approximately $114.1 million in revenue underperformance, $285.7 million in additional spending pressure, $22 million from the deferral of repayment to the RI Capital Plan Fund from FY 2010 and $5 million due to the acceleration of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act education stabilization funds from FY 2011 to FY 2010. The Governor's recommended budget for FY 2011 resolved this deficit through a combination of expenditure modifications, increased revenues and one-time revenue or expenditure changes. Included in these recommendations was the anticipated extension of the enhanced federal Medicaid match rate to June 30, 2011. The budget enacted by the General Assembly in June 2010 also included funding from this extension despite the fact that no action had been taken by Congress as of that time; however, the budget does include a provision for the Governor to impose across the board reductions of equal percentage in FY 2011 if the extension is not approved by December 31, 2010 to make up for the lost federal revenues. As of June 30, 2010, Congress had not taken action to authorize the extension of the enhanced Medicaid match rate. In addition, the FY 2011 Enacted Budget includes savings from pension reform totaling approximately $16 million in general revenues, reductions in state education aid of $21.1 million, debt service savings of $37.4 million, reductions in the Motor Vehicle Excise Tax Phase-out program of $125 million and wage concessions from employees totaling $18.3 million in general revenues.
In hopes of combating the worst economic crisis confronting the nation since the Great Depression, the United States Congress passed in February 2009 the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (“ARRA”), a $789 billion stimulus package consisting of various spending and tax cut measures. Current estimates place Rhode Island's spending share of the Federal stimulus package at over $1 billion (not including unemployment benefits, supplemental nutrition assistance programs, Pell grants, or child support enforcement). This includes approximately $546 million over 36 months for Rhode Island's Medicaid programs (assuming a six-month extension of the enhanced Medicaid match rate), approximately $137 million for highway and bridge construction and repairs, approximately $75.4 million for other infrastructure work, approximately $91 million for aid to schools serving low-income students and special education programs for children with learning disabilities, and approximately $165 million of fiscal stabilization funds to be used primarily as education aid. The FY 2010 Enacted Budget included $638.8 million of federal ARRA funds and the Revised FY 2010 Budget increased this amount by $194 million to include $832.8 million of ARRA funds. The General Assembly included in the FY 2010 Enacted Budget $198.6 million in additional federal Medicaid matching funds and enhanced Title IV funds, thereby reducing general revenue expenditures by the same amount based on the federal act that raised the federal Medicaid match percentage by 11.3 points retroactive to October 1, 2008.
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The Revised FY 2010 Budget also maximized use of State fiscal stabilization funds for State budget relief by utilizing $65.7 million of federal funds to relieve state general revenue support to local governments, which includes $55.7 million for education and $10 million for public safety. The FY 2011 Budget utilizes the final $18.6 million in fiscal stabilization funds available for education, and includes $215.3 million from enhanced Medicaid match rates (assuming a six-month extension) and $336.1 million of other federal ARRA funds.
As described above, the State has used a number of one-time measures, such as the use of one-time federal funds and reserves, which will not be available to address future budget needs. Furthermore, in light of the current conditions, significant budget deficits are expected for the years following FY 2011 and additional significant adjustments to both revenues and expenditures will likely be necessary for the adoption of balanced budgets for the fiscal years following FY 2011.
Below the level of state government, Rhode Island is divided into 39 cities and towns which exercise the functions of local general government. There is no county governmental structure in the State of Rhode Island. Local executive power is generally placed in a mayor, or administrator/manager form of government and legislative power is vested in either a city or town council. The State Constitution provides municipalities with the right of self-government in all local matters by adopting a "home rule" charter. Every city or town, however, has the power to levy, assess and collect taxes, or borrow money, only as specifically authorized by the General Assembly. Except for matters that are reserved exclusively to the General Assembly, such as taxation and elections, the State Constitution restricts the power of the General Assembly on actions relating to the property, affairs and government of any city or town which has adopted a "home rule" charter, to general laws which apply to all cities and towns, but which shall not affect the form of government of any city or town. The General Assembly has the power to act in relation to a particular home rule charter city or town, provided that such legislative action shall become effective only upon approval of a majority of the voters of the affected city or town. Section 44-35-10 of the General Laws requires every city and town to adopt a balanced budget for each fiscal year. Local governments rely principally upon general, real and tangible personal property taxes, automobile excise taxes, and state aid for provision of revenue.
In 1998, the General Assembly enacted measures designed to phase out, over a number of years, two separate components of the local property tax levy. One is the local levy on inventories. The phase out period spanned ten years and progressively eliminated 10% of the tax levy each year until it was totally phased-out as of FY 2009. Local communities were to be reimbursed for lost revenues from the inventory tax through the State's General Revenue Sharing program, which was to have increased from 1.0% of tax revenues in FY 1998 to 4.7% in FY 2009. Expanded sharing of State revenue was delayed beginning in FY 2003 and all appropriations for general revenue sharing were eliminated beginning in FY 2010. Despite the reductions in state aid, the local reduction in the levy on inventories continued on the original schedule and the tax has now been eliminated. The other local property tax levy reduced was the local levy on motor vehicles and trailers.
The largest category of state aid to cities and towns is assistance programs for school operations and school construction. The general school aid program disburses funding to communities on the basis of a number of factors including wealth of the community and the number of children eligible for free or reduced price meals. For FY 2010, the State appropriated $592.1 million in education aid, which includes a 2.8% across-the-board reduction from the original FY 2010 Enacted Budget and $55.7 million in State Fiscal Stabilization Funds under the ARRA that was offset by an equal reduction in state funding. For FY 2011, the State appropriated $616.1 million in education aid, which includes a 3.8% across-the-board reduction from the original FY 2010 Enacted Budget, and $18.6 million in State Fiscal Stabilization Funds that are offset by an equal reduction in state funding.
In June 2010, the General Assembly enacted a funding formula to guide education aid payments beginning July 1, 2011 (FY 2012). The formula will redistribute current education aid spending among school districts, state operated schools, and charter schools. For school districts that will receive more money under the new formula, the increase will be phased in over seven years in equal amounts. For school districts that will receive less money under the new formula, the decrease will be phased in over ten years in equal amounts.
Since 1985, cities and towns had been prohibited by Section 44-5-2 of the General Laws of the State from imposing a tax levy or tax rate, which increases by more than 5 ½% over the previous year's levy or rate. The statute authorized tax levy or tax rate increases of greater than 5 ½% in the event that the amount of debt service required to service present and future general obligation debt of the city or town increased at a rate greater than 5 ½%. The statute also provides for the certification by a state agency of the appropriate property tax base to be used in computations in any year when revaluation of property is being implemented. Provisions of Section 44-5-2 also included authorization to exceed the 5 ½% limitation in the event of loss of non-property tax revenue, or when an emergency situation arose and was certified by the State Auditor General. In such an emergency situation, the levy in excess of a 5 ½% increase had to be approved by a majority of the city or town governing body or electors voting at the financial town meeting. The statute was amended to clarify that nothing in the tax levy cap provisions was intended to constrain
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the payment of obligations of cities and towns. The power of the cities and towns to pay their general obligation bonds and notes is unlimited and each city or town is required to levy ad valorem taxes upon all the taxable property for the payment of such bonds and notes and the interest thereon, without limitation as to rate or amount.
During the 2006 session of the General Assembly, significant amendments to Section 44-5-2 of the General Laws of the State were enacted. The amendments progressively reduce the maximum property tax levy from a 5.5% increase over the prior year levy to 4.0% in the year 2013, while expanding and clarifying exemptions from the property tax cap. Limitations on the tax rate were removed. The previous property tax limitation applied a 5.5% cap on the tax rate or the levy. In those municipalities where a city or town council has final tax levy approval, a four-fifths vote would be required to exceed the applicable cap. In the case of a city or town having a financial town meeting, the majority of the electors present and voting at the town financial meeting shall also approve the excess levy. The act also capped the amount of funds requested by a school committee of a city or town at the same rate of increase as the maximum tax levy increase. The act also broadened the definition of state mandates on municipalities and restricted the flexibility of the Governor or Legislature to forego reimbursement of state mandates.
The Office of the Auditor General completed an initial review in 2007 of the fiscal health of the various locally-administered defined benefit pension plans covering Rhode Island municipal employees. An updated review was completed in March 2010, which also includes an assessment of the status of other post-employment benefit plans offered by municipalities. Twenty-four communities have created 36 pension plans, which they administer for their employees. The State Auditor General considered 23 locally administered pension plans to be at risk, seven were considered most at risk because the plans were significantly underfunded and annual contributions were significantly less than annual required amounts. The collective funded ratio of the plans decreased from 45%, as reported in July 2007, to 43% as of March 2010. Total assets collectively held by these 36 pension plans were $1.4 billion (as reported in their fiscal 2009 audit reports). The collective unfunded actuarial liability for future benefits under these locally-administered plans was approximately $1.9 billion (as of the most recent actuarial valuation referenced in their June 30, 2009 financial statements).
The Office of the Auditor General's March 2010 report further summarized the status of other postemployment benefit (“OPEB”) plans administered by municipalities for their employees. The actuarial value of assets held by these plans was $18 million and the collective unfunded actuarial accrued liability for future benefits was nearly $2.4 billion (as of the most recent actuarial valuation referenced in their June 30, 2009 financial statements). The collective funded ratio of the locally-administered OPEB plans was less than 1%. The State Auditor General made a number of recommendations to improve the funded status of the locally-administered pension and OPEB plans.
In early calendar year 2010, the Division of Municipal Finance in the Department of Revenue completed a "Report to Measure the Fiscal Stress and Financial Condition of Rhode Island Municipalities." This report was prepared under the guidance of the Municipal Fiscal Stress Task Force created by an Executive Order of the Governor. Two of the indicators included in the report related to pension liabilities and success in paying the Annual Required Contribution (“ARC”). The report indicated that as of June 30, 2008, unfunded municipal pension liabilities totaled $1.76 billion dollars and that eleven of thirty-nine municipalities had failed to pay their entire ARC during the FY 2008 period, and that two additional communities were marginally deficient.
In June 2010, the General Assembly enacted "An Act Providing for the Financial Stability of Cities and Towns" to provide a mechanism for the State to work with cities and towns undergoing financial distress that threatens the fiscal well-being, public safety and welfare of such cities and towns, or other cities and towns or the State, and to provide stability to the municipal credit markets for Rhode Island and its cities and towns through a predictable, stable mechanism for addressing cities and towns in financial distress.
The Act was a result of the display of fiscal weakness in several communities, culminating with the City of Central Falls filing for judicial receivership in the Rhode Island Superior Court on May 18, 2010. Ratings for general obligation debt issued by Central Falls had been downgraded to be low investment grade. The State worked with the temporary judicial receiver to plan for an orderly transition to a state executive receivership in Central Falls. The State has a compelling interest in the fiscal health of municipalities. The Act gives the State, acting primarily through the Department of Revenue, the power to exercise varying levels of support and control depending on the circumstances. It repeals Chapter 45-9 relating to Budget Commissions in its entirety and creates three levels of state oversight and control. The three levels are: fiscal overseer, budget commission, and state receiver. If the director of revenue determines in consultation with the Auditor General that a city or town is facing a fiscal emergency and that circumstances do not allow for the appointment of a fiscal overseer or a budget commission, the Director of Revenue may appoint a receiver without first having appointed a fiscal overseer or budget commission. The Act also prohibits municipalities from filing for, or being placed into, either voluntarily or involuntarily, judicial receivership and clarifies that the Superior Court has only limited jurisdiction to ratify certain actions taken prior to the enactment of the legislation upon the request of the Director of Revenue and to take such further actions as may be necessary to ensure an orderly transition.
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As of January 2010, the three major rating agencies determined that Rhode Island’s general obligation bond rating system should remain at its current level. Moody’s affirmed the State’s “Aa3” rating with a negative outlook, Standard and Poor’s Corporation affirmed the State’s “AA” rating with a negative outlook and Fitch Investor’s Services affirmed the State’s “AA-“ with a stable outlook.
PUERTO RICO, THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS AND GUAM
Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico has a diversified economy dominated by the manufacturing and service sectors. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico differs from the states in its relationship with the federal government. Most federal taxes, except those such as social security taxes that are imposed by mutual consent, are not levied in Puerto Rico.
During the mid and late 1990s the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico benefited from a robust U.S. economy, more aggressive tax collections and low oil prices. This created an expanded employment base, job growth, reduction in unemployment, increase in tourism spending, real GDP growth in the 3.1% to 3.5% range and significant increases in general fund cash balances from fiscal year end 1997 to fiscal year end 1999. These factors, combined with minimal negative impact from the 1996 federal legislation phasing out Section 936 tax benefits to Puerto Rico subsidiaries of U.S. Corporations, created a positive outlook for the credit in the late 1990s.
In early 2000, the outlook on the credit turned negative due to the slowdown in the U.S. economy (88% of Puerto Rico’s exports go to the U.S.), uncertainty regarding increasing oil prices, failure of the government to reign in health care costs, expense overruns in education and a decreasing rate of employment growth. As a result, the general fund recorded operating deficits during fiscal years 2000-2009 while general obligation ("GO") debt increased. During that timeframe, S&P downgraded the GO credit from A-to BBB- and Moody’s downgraded from Baa1 to Baa3. On April 19th 2010, Moody’s changed the GO rating to A3 as part of its recalibration of municipal ratings to global scale ratings. (Fitch does not rate the GO.) The island of Puerto Rico has been in an economic recession for three years, with its condition now exacerbated by the mainland recession. They are counting on $5.5B in federal stimulus dollars and the new governor’s fiscal and economic reconstruction plans to begin to pave the way to financial stability.
The U.S. Virgin Islands. The United States Virgin Islands (“USVI”) is heavily reliant on the tourism industry, with roughly 43% of non-agricultural employment in tourist-related trade and services. The tourism industry is economically sensitive and is adversely affected by the recession in the United States and Europe. An important component of the USVI revenue base is the federal excise tax on rum exports. Tax revenues rebated by the federal government to the USVI provide the primary security of many outstanding USVI bonds. Since more than 90% of the rum distilled in the USVI is distilled at one plant, any interruption in its operations (as occurred after Hurricane Hugo in 1989) would adversely affect these revenues. However, another plant is currently under construction. The last major hurricane to impact the USVI was Hurricane Marilyn on September 15, 1995. Consequently, there can be no assurance that rum exports to the United States and the rebate of tax revenues to the USVI will continue at their present levels. Moody’s assigned a Baa3 rating to the territory and S&P a BBB- in September 2006. On April 19th 2010, Moody’s changed the GO rating to Baa1 as part of its recalibration of municipal ratings to global scale ratings.
Guam. Guam is a United States territory located 3,700 miles west of Hawaii and 1,500 miles southeast of Japan and its economy is based primarily on Japanese and Korean (86%) tourism and the United States military due to its strategic position as the westernmost territory/state in the United States. The territory boasts a population of 178,000.
After almost a decade of persistent operating deficits, Guam reported operating surpluses in fiscal years 2007 and 2008 and was expected to report at least a $12MM surplus in fiscal year 2009 (9/30 year end) although the surplus was not realized due to lower revenue. Prior operating deficits were caused by a number of issues including terrorist attacks, natural disasters, Asian recessions, the SARS epidemic, retiree settlement liabilities and past administrations and legislatures that were unwilling to control expenses. Clearly, any of these negative events could occur in the future and jeopardize the territory’s single B+ rating from S&P. Guam appears to be surviving the current recession from a jobs perspective with 2.3% and 2.4% job growth in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Partially offsetting jobs growth is tourism which was down 7% in 2008 and 9% in 2009 (through the reporting period) due to economic factors. However, the island still boasted 1.1 million visitors in 2008. Guam is not rated by Moody’s or Fitch.
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SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
The ratings indicated herein are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the date of this SAI for the securities listed. Ratings are generally given to securities at the time of issuance. While the rating agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings indicated do not necessarily represent ratings which would be given to these securities on a particular date.
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (“Moody’s”)
LONG-TERM CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS RATINGS
Moody’s long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low risk.
A: Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers, 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
SHORT-TERM CORPORATE OBLIGATION RATINGS
Moody’s short term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
P-1: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability tot repay short-term obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime ratings categories.
ISSUER RATINGS
Issuer Ratings are opinions of the ability of entities to honor senior unsecured financial obligations and contracts. Moody’s expresses Issuer Ratings on its general long-term and short-term scales.
US MUNICIPAL RATINGS
Moody’s municipal ratings are opinions of the investment quality of issuers and issues in the U.S. municipal market. As such, these ratings incorporate assessment of the default probability and loss severity of these issuers and issues. The default and loss content for Moody’s municipal long-term rating scale differs from Moody’s general long-term scale. Historical default and loss rates for obligations rated on the US Municipal Scale are significantly lower that for similarly rated corporate obligations. It is important that users of Moody’s ratings understand these differences when making rating comparisons between the Municipal and Global scales.
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SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
US MUNICIPAL LONG-TERM DEBT RATINGS
Municipal Ratings are based upon the analysis of five primary factors related to municipal finance: market position, financial position, debt levels, governance, and covenants. Each of the factors is evaluated individually and for its effect on the other factors in the context of the municipality’s ability to repay its debt.
Aaa: Issuers or issues rated Aaa demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Aa: Issuers or issues rated Aa demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other US municipal and tax-exempt issuers.
A: Issuers or issues rated A present above-average creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Baa: Issuers or issues rated Baa represent average creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Ba: Issuers or issues rated Ba demonstrate below-average creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
B: Issuers or issues rated B demonstrate weak creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Caa: Issuers or issues rated Caa demonstrate very weak creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Ca: Issuers or issues rated Ca demonstrate extremely weak creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
C: Issuers or issues rated Caa demonstrate the weakest creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers, 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
US MUNICIPAL SHORT-TERM OBLIGATION RATINGS AND DEMAND OBLIGATION RATINGS
Short-Term Obligation Ratings
There are three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) and are divided into three levels--MIG 1 through MIG 3. In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated SG, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expires at the maturity of the obligation.
MIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-band access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG: This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins or protection.
Demand Obligation Ratings
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term rating and demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating.
When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR., e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG.
VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.
VMIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
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VMIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG: This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
STANDARD & POOR’S RATINGS GROUP (“S&P”)
ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS DEFINITIONS
Issue credit ratings can be either long or short term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days--including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicated the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put-features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
Issue credit ratings are based in varying degrees on the following considerations:
Likelihood of payment, capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation.
Nature of and provisions of the obligations;
Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
LONG-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS:
AAA: An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligors only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A: An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, and CC and C
Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to non-payment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial or, economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
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CC: An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘C’ rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A ‘C’ also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.
D: A obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from ‘AA’ to’ CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR: This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
SHORT-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS
A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligation is extremely strong.
A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet their financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D: A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
ISSUER CREDIT RATINGS DEFINITIONS
Issuer credit ratings are based on current information furnished by obligors or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable. S&P does not perform an audit in connection with any issuer credit rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. Issuer credit ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances. Issuer credit ratings can either be long or short term. Short-term issuer credit ratings reflect the obligor’s creditworthiness over a short-term horizon.
LONG-TERM ISSUER CREDIT RATINGS
AAA: An obligor rated ‘AAA’ has extremely strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. ‘AAA’ is the highest issuer credit rating assigned by S&P.
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AA: An obligor rated ‘AA’ has very strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. It differs from the highest-rated obligors only to a small degree.
A: An obligor rated ‘A’ has strong capacity to meet its financial commitments but is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in higher-rated categories.
BBB: An obligor rated ‘BBB’ has adequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitments.
BB, B, CCC and CC
Obligors rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, and ‘CC’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘CC’ the highest. While such obligors will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligor ‘BB’ is less vulnerable in the near term than other lower-rated obligors. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
B: An obligor rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable than the obligors rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meets its financial commitments.
CCC: An obligor rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet its financial commitments.
CC: An obligor rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from ‘AA’ to’ CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
R: An obligor rated ‘R’ is under regulatory supervision owing to its financial condition. During the pendency of the regulatory supervision the regulators may have the power to favor one class of obligations over others or pay some obligations and not others. Please see S&P’s issue credit ratings for a more detailed description of the effects of regulatory supervision on specific issues or classes of obligations.
SD and D: An obligor rated ‘SD’ (selective default) or ‘D’ has failed to pay one or more of its obligations (rated or unrated) when it came due. A ‘D’ rating is assigned when S&P believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An ‘SD’ rating is assigned when S&P believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner. Please see S&P’s issue credit ratings for a more detailed description of the effects of a default on specific issues or classes of obligations.
NR: An issuer designated NR is not rated.
SHORT-TERM ISSUER CREDIT RATINGS
A-1: An obligor rated ‘A-1’ has strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. It is rated in the highest category by S&P. Within this category, certain obligors are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments is extremely strong.
A-2: An obligor rated ‘A-2’ has satisfactory capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in the highest rating category.
A-3: An obligor rated ‘A-3’ has adequate capacity to meet its financial obligations. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitments.
B: An obligor rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. Ratings ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
B-1: Obligors with a ‘B-1’ short-term rating have a relatively stronger capacity to meet their financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
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SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
B-2: Obligors with a ‘B-2’ short-term rating have an average speculative-grade capacity to meet their financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-3: Obligors with a ‘B-3’ short-term rating have a relatively weaker capacity to meet their financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
C: An obligor rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for it to meet its financial commitments.
R: An obligor rated ‘R’ is under regulatory supervision owing to its financial condition. During the pendency of the regulatory supervision the regulators may have the power to favor one class of obligations over others or pay some obligations and not others. Please see S&P’s issue credit ratings for a more detailed description of the effects of regulatory supervision on specific issues or classes of obligations.
SD and D: An obligor rated ‘SD’ (selective default) or ‘D’ has failed to pay one or more of its obligations (rated or unrated) when it came due. A ‘D’ rating is assigned when S&P believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An ‘SD’ rating is assigned when S&P believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner. Please see S&P’s issue credit ratings for a more detailed description of the effects of a default on specific issues or classes of obligations.
NR: An issuer designated as NR is not rated.
MUNICIPAL RATINGS
SHORT-TERM NOTES: An S&P U.S. municipal note ratings reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment:
Amortization schedule--the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
Source of payment--the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1: Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt will be given a plus(+) designation.
SP-2: Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3: Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
FITCH RATINGS
LONG-TERM CREDIT RATINGS
Investment Grade
AAA: Highest credit quality ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. The capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. The capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions that is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that they are currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.
Speculative Grade
BB: Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected
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SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified that could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B: Highly speculative. For issuers and performing obligations, ‘B’ ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery of Rating ‘RR1’ (outstanding).
CCC: For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions.
For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘RR2’ (superior), ‘RR3’ (good) or ‘RR4’ (average).
CC: For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable.
For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of 'RR4' (average) or 'RR5' (below average).
C: For issuers performing obligations, default is imminent.
For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘RR6’ (poor).
RD: Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.
D: Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following:
Failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation; The bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; The distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.
Issuers will be rated 'D' upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of 'C' to 'B' ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation's documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the 'B' or 'CCC-C' categories.
Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations' documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation's documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch's published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.
Notes to Long-Term ratings:
The modifiers "+" or "-" may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the 'AAA' Long-term rating category, to categories below 'CCC', or to Short-term ratings other than 'F1'. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)
Short-Term Credit Ratings
The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A Short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.
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F1: Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added "+" to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
F3: Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non investment grade.
B: Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D: Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
Notes to Short-Term ratings:
The modifiers "+" or "-" may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the 'AAA' Long-term rating category, to categories below 'CCC', or to Short-term ratings other than 'F1'. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)
DESCRIPTION OF INSURANCE FINANCIAL STRENGTH RATINGS
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. Insurance Financial Strength Ratings
Moody’s Insurance Financial Strength Ratings are opinions of the ability of insurance companies to repay punctually senior policyholder claims and obligations. Specific obligations are considered unrated unless they are individually rated because the standing of a particular insurance obligation would depend on an assessment of its relative standing under those laws governing both the obligation and the insurance company. Insurance Companies rated Aaa offer exceptional financial security. While the credit profile of these companies is likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair their fundamentally strong position.
Standard &Poor’s Insurance Financial Strength Ratings
A S&P insurer financial strength rating is a current opinion of the financial security characteristics of an insurance organization with respect to its ability to pay under its insurance policies and contracts in accordance with their terms. Insurer financial strength ratings are also assigned to health maintenance organizations and similar health plans with respect to their ability to pay under their policies and contracts in accordance with their terms. This opinion is not specific to any particular policy or contract, nor does it address the suitability of a particular policy or contract for a specific purpose or purchaser. Furthermore, the opinion does not take into account deductibles, surrender or cancellation penalties, timeliness of payment, nor the likelihood of the use of a defense such as fraud to deny claims. For organizations with cross-border or multinational operations, including those conducted by subsidiaries or branch offices, the ratings do not take into account potential that may exist for foreign exchange restrictions to prevent financial obligations from being met. Insurer financial strength ratings are based on information furnished by rated organizations or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable. S&P does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may on occasion rely on unaudited financial information. Ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of such information or based on other circumstances. Insurer financial strength ratings do not refer to an organization's ability to meet nonpolicy (i.e. debt) obligations. Assignment of ratings to debt issued by insurers or to debt issues that are fully or partially supported by insurance policies, contracts, or guarantees is a separate process from the determination of insurer financial strength ratings, and follows procedures consistent with issue credit rating definitions and practices. Insurer financial strength ratings are not a recommendation to purchase or discontinue any policy or contract issued by an insurer or to buy, hold, or sell any security issued by an insurer. A rating is not a guaranty of an insurer's financial strength or security. An insurer rated ‘AAA’ has extremely strong financial security characteristics. ‘AAA’ is the highest insurer financial strength rating assigned by S&P.
Fitch Insurer Financial Strength Ratings
The Fitch Insurer Financial Strength (“IFS”) Rating provides an assessment of the financial strength of an insurance organization. The IFS Rating is assigned to the insurance company's policyholder obligations, including assumed reinsurance obligations and contract holder obligations, such as guaranteed investment contracts. The IFS Rating reflects both the ability of the insurer to meet these obligations on a timely basis, and expected recoveries received by claimants in the event the insurer stops making payments or payments are interrupted, due to either the failure of the insurer or some form of regulatory intervention. In the context of the IFS Rating, the timeliness of payments is considered relative to both contract and/or policy terms but also recognizes the possibility of reasonable delays caused by circumstances common to the insurance industry, including claims reviews, fraud investigations and
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SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
coverage disputes. The IFS Rating does not encompass policyholder obligations residing in separate accounts, unit-linked products or segregated funds, for which the policyholder bears investment or other risks. However, any guarantees provided to the policyholder with respect such obligations are included in the IFS Rating. Expected recoveries are based on Fitch's assessments of the sufficiency of an insurance company's assets to fund policyholder obligations, in a scenario in which payments have been ceased or interrupted. Accordingly, expected recoveries exclude the impact of recoveries obtained from any government sponsored guaranty or policyholder protection funds. Expected recoveries also exclude the impact of collateralizing or security, such as letters of credit or trusteed assets, supporting select reinsurance obligations. IFS Ratings can be assigned to insurance and reinsurance companies in any insurance sector, including the life & annuity, non-life, property/casualty, health, mortgage, financial guaranty, residual value and title insurance sectors, as well as to managed care companies such as health maintenance organizations. The IFS Rating does not address the quality of an insurer's claims handling services or the relative value of products sold. ‘AAA’ IFS Rating is exceptional strong. ‘AAA’ IFS Rating denotes the lowest exception of ceased or interrupted payments. They are assigned only in the case of exceptionally strong capacity to meet policyholder and contract obligations on a timely basis. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES |
I. Overview
The Boards of Trustees (the “Boards”) of the Eaton Vance Funds (the “Funds”) recognize that it is their fiduciary responsibility to actively monitor the Funds’ operations. The Boards have always placed paramount importance on their oversight of the implementation of the Funds’ investment strategies and the overall management of the Funds’ investments. A critical aspect of the investment management of the Funds continues to be the effective assessment and voting of proxies relating to the Funds’ portfolio securities. While the Boards will continue to delegate the day-to-day responsibilities relating to the management of the proxy-voting process to the relevant investment adviser or sub-adviser, if applicable, of the Fund (or its underlying portfolio in the case of a master-feeder arrangement), the Boards have determined that it is in the interests of the Funds’ shareholders to adopt these written proxy voting policy and procedures (the “Policy”). For purposes of this Policy the term “Fund” shall include a Fund’s underlying portfolio in the case of a master-feeder arrangement and the term “Adviser” shall mean the adviser to a Fund or its sub-adviser if a sub-advisory relationship exists.
II. Delegation of Proxy Voting Responsibilities
Pursuant to investment advisory agreements between each Fund and its Adviser, the Adviser has long been responsible for reviewing proxy statements relating to Fund investments and, if the Adviser deems it appropriate to do so, to vote proxies on behalf of the Funds. The Boards hereby formally delegate this responsibility to the Adviser, except as otherwise described in this Policy. In so doing, the Boards hereby adopt on behalf of each Fund the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Adviser(s) to each Fund as the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Fund. The Boards recognize that the Advisers may from time to time amend their policies and procedures. The Advisers will report material changes to the Boards in the manner set forth in Section V below. In addition, the Boards will annually review and approve the Advisers’ proxy voting policies and procedures.
III. Delegation of Proxy Voting Disclosure Responsibilities
The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) recently enacted certain new reporting requirements for registered investment companies. The Commission’s new regulations require that funds (other than those which invest exclusively in non-voting securities) make certain disclosures regarding their proxy voting activities. The most significant disclosure requirement for the Funds is the duty pursuant to Rule 30b1-4 promulgated under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), to file Form N-PX no later than August 31st of each year beginning in 2004. Under Form N-PX, each Fund will be required to disclose, among other things, information concerning proxies relating to the Fund’s portfolio investments, whether or not the Fund (or its Adviser) voted the proxies relating to securities held by the Fund and how it voted in the matter and whether it voted for or against management.
The Boards hereby delegate to each Adviser the responsibility for recording, compiling and transmitting in a timely manner all data required to be filed on Form N-PX to Eaton Vance Management, which acts as administrator to each of the Funds (the “Administrator”), for each Fund that such Adviser manages. The Boards hereby delegate the responsibility to file Form N-PX on behalf of each Fund to the Administrator.
IV. Conflict of Interest
The Boards expect each Adviser, as a fiduciary to the Fund(s) it manages, to put the interests of each Fund and its shareholders above those of the Adviser. In the event that in connection with its proxy voting responsibilities a material conflict of interest arises between a Fund’s shareholders and the Fund’s Adviser or the Administrator (or any of their affiliates) or any affiliated person of the Fund, and the Proxy Administrator intends to vote the proxy in a manner inconsistent with the guidelines approved by the Board, the Adviser, to the extent it is aware or reasonably should have been aware of the material conflict, will refrain from voting any proxies related to companies giving rise to such material conflict until it notifies and consults with the appropriate Board(s), or any committee, sub-committee or group of Independent Trustees identified by such Board (as long as such committee, sub-committee or group contains at least two or more Independent Trustees), concerning the material conflict.
Once the Adviser notifies the relevant Board(s), committee, sub-committee or group of Independent Trustees of the Board, of the material conflict, the Board(s), committee, sub-committee or group of Independent Trustees, shall convene a meeting to review and consider all relevant materials related to the proxies involved. In considering such proxies, the Adviser shall make available all materials requested by the Board, committee, sub-committee or group of Independent Trustees and make reasonably available appropriate personnel to discuss the matter upon request. The Board, committee, sub-committee or group of Independent Trustees will instruct the Adviser on the appropriate course of action. If the Board, committee, sub-committee or group of Independent Trustees is unable to meet and the failure to vote a proxy would have a material adverse impact on the Fund(s)
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involved, each Adviser will have the right to vote such proxy, provided that it discloses the existence of the material conflict to the Board, committee, sub-committee or group of Independent Trustees at its next meeting. Any determination regarding the voting of proxies of each Fund that is made by the committee, sub-committee or group of Independent Trustees shall be deemed to be a good faith determination regarding the voting of proxies by the full Board.
V. Reports
The Administrator shall make copies of each Form N-PX filed on behalf of the Funds available for the Boards’ review upon the Boards’ request. The Administrator (with input from the Adviser for the relevant Fund(s)) shall also provide any reports reasonably requested by the Boards regarding the proxy voting records of the Funds.
Each Adviser shall annually report any material changes to such Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures to the relevant Board(s) and the relevant Board(s) will annually review and approve the Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures. Each Adviser shall report any changes to such Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures to the Administrator prior to implementing such changes in order to enable the Administrator to effectively coordinate the Funds’ disclosure relating to such policies and procedures.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |
EATON VANCE MANAGEMENT
BOSTON MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES |
I. Introduction
Eaton Vance Management, Boston Management and Research and Eaton Vance Investment Counsel (each an “Adviser” and collectively the “Advisers”) have each adopted and implemented policies and procedures that each Adviser believes are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with its fiduciary duties and Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Advisers’ authority to vote the proxies of their clients is established by their advisory contracts or similar documentation, such as the Eaton Vance Funds Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures. These proxy policies and procedures reflect the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements governing advisers and the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts set out in the Department of Labor Bulletin 94-2 C.F.R. 2509.94-2 (July 29, 1994).
II. Overview
Each Adviser manages its clients’ assets with the overriding goal of seeking to provide the greatest possible return to such clients consistent with governing laws and the investment policies of each client. In pursuing that goal, each Adviser seeks to exercise its clients’ rights as shareholders of voting securities to support sound corporate governance of the companies issuing those securities with the principle aim of maintaining or enhancing the companies’ economic value.
The exercise of shareholder rights is generally done by casting votes by proxy at shareholder meetings on matters submitted to shareholders for approval (for example, the election of directors or the approval of a company’s stock option plans for directors, officers or employees). Each Adviser is adopting the formal written Guidelines described in detail below and will utilize such Guidelines in voting proxies on behalf of its clients. These Guidelines are designed to promote accountability of a company’s management and board of directors to its shareholders and to align the interests of management with those of shareholders.
Each Adviser will vote any proxies received by a client for which it has sole investment discretion through a third-party proxy voting service (“Agent”) in accordance with customized policies, as approved by the Boards of Trustees of the Eaton Vance Funds and, with respect to proxies referred back to the Adviser by the Agent pursuant to the Guidelines, in a manner that is reasonably designed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest, as described more fully below. The Agent is currently Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. Proxies will be voted in accordance with client-specific guidelines and an Eaton Vance Fund’s sub-adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures, if applicable.
No set of guidelines can anticipate all situations that may arise. In special cases, the Proxy Administrator (the person specifically charged with the responsibility to oversee the Agent and coordinate the voting of proxies referred back to the Adviser by the Agent) may seek insight from the Proxy Group established by the Advisers. The Proxy Group will assist in the review of the Agent’s recommendation when a proxy voting issue is referred to the Proxy Group through the Proxy Administrator. The members of the Proxy Group, which may include employees of the Advisers’ affiliates, may change at the Advisers’ discretion.
III. Roles and Responsibilities
| A. Proxy Administrator
The Proxy Administrator will assist in the coordination of the voting of each client’s proxy in accordance with the Guidelines below and the Funds’ Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures. The Proxy Administrator is authorized to direct the Agent to vote a proxy in accordance with the Guidelines. Responsibilities assigned herein to the Proxy Administrator, or activities in support thereof, may be performed by such members of the Proxy Group or employees of the Advisers’ affiliates as are deemed appropriate by the Proxy Group.
B. Agent
An independent proxy voting service (the “Agent”), as approved by the Board of each Fund, shall be engaged to assist in the voting of proxies. The Agent is currently Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. The Agent is responsible for coordinating with the clients’ custodians and the Advisers to ensure that all proxy materials received by the custodians relating to the portfolio securities are processed in a timely fashion. The Agent is required to vote and/or refer all proxies in accordance with the Guidelines below. The Agent shall retain a record of all proxy votes handled by the Agent. Such record must reflect all of the information required to be disclosed in a Fund’s Form N-PX pursuant to Rule 30b1-4 under the Investment Company Act of |
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| 1940. In addition, the Agent is responsible for maintaining copies of all proxy statements received by issuers and to promptly provide such materials to an Adviser upon request.
Subject to the oversight of the Advisers, the Agent shall establish and maintain adequate internal controls and policies in connection with the provision of proxy voting services to the Advisers, including methods to reasonably ensure that its analysis and recommendations are not influenced by a conflict of interest, and shall disclose such controls and policies to the Advisers when and as provided for herein. Unless otherwise specified, references herein to recommendations of the Agent shall refer to those in which no conflict of interest has been identified.
C. Proxy Group
The Adviser shall establish a Proxy Group which shall assist in the review of the Agent’s recommendations when a proxy voting issue has been referred to the Proxy Administrator by the Agent. The members of the Proxy Group, which may include employees of the Advisers’ affiliates, may be amended from time to time at the Advisers’ discretion.
For each proposal referred to the Proxy Group, the Proxy Group will review the (i) Guidelines, (ii) recommendations of the Agent, and (iii) any other resources that any member of the Proxy Group deems appropriate to aid in a determination of the recommendation.
If the Proxy Group recommends a vote in accordance with the Guidelines, or the recommendation of the Agent, where applicable, it shall instruct the Proxy Administrator to so advise the Agent.
If the Proxy Group recommends a vote contrary to the Guidelines, or the recommendation of the Agent, where applicable, or if the proxy statement relates to a conflicted company of the Agent, as determined by the Advisers, it shall follow the procedures for such voting outlined below.
The Proxy Administrator shall use best efforts to convene the Proxy Group with respect to all matters requiring its consideration. In the event the Proxy Group cannot meet in a timely manner in connection with a voting deadline, the Proxy Administrator shall follow the procedures for such voting outlined below. |
IV. Proxy Voting Guidelines ("Guidelines")
| A. General Policies
It shall generally be the policy of the Advisers to take no action on a proxy for which no client holds a position or otherwise maintains an economic interest in the relevant security at the time the vote is to be cast.
In all cases except those highlighted below, it shall generally be the policy of the Advisers to vote in accordance with the recommendation by the Agent, Institutional Shareholder Services Inc.
When a fund client participates in the lending of its securities and the securities are on loan at the record date, proxies related to such securities generally will not be forwarded to the relevant Adviser by the fund’s custodian and therefore will not be voted. In the event that the Adviser determines that the matters involved would have a material effect on the applicable fund’s investment in the loaned securities, the fund will exercise its best efforts to terminate the loan in time to be able to cast such vote or exercise such consent.
Interpretation and application of these Guidelines is not intended to supersede any law, regulation, binding agreement or other legal requirement to which an issuer may be or become subject. The Guidelines relate to the types of proposals that are most frequently presented in proxy statements to shareholders. Absent unusual circumstances, each Adviser will utilize these Guidelines when voting proxies on behalf of its clients. The Guidelines may be revised at any time, provided such revisions are reported to the Boards of Trustees of the Eaton Vance Funds.
B. Proposals Regarding Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
The Agent shall be directed to refer proxy proposals accompanied by its written analysis and voting recommendation to the Proxy Administrator for all proposals relating to Mergers and Corporate Restructurings.
C. Proposals Regarding Mutual Fund Proxies – Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation and Mergers
The Agent shall be directed to refer proxy proposals accompanied by its written analysis and voting recommendation to the Proxy Administrator for all proposals relating to the Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation and Mergers contained in mutual fund proxies. |
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| D. Corporate Structure Matters/Anti-Takeover Defenses As a general matter, the Advisers will normally vote against anti-takeover measures and other proposals designed to limit the ability of shareholders to act on possible transactions (except in the case of closed-end management investment companies).
E. Social and Environmental Issues
The Advisers generally support management on social and environmental proposals.
F. Voting Procedures
Upon receipt of a referral from the Agent or upon advice from an Eaton Vance investment professional, the Proxy Administrator may solicit additional research from the Agent, as well as from any other source or service.
1. WITHIN-GUIDELINES VOTES: Votes in Accordance with the Guidelines and/or, where applicable, Agent Recommendation
In the event the Proxy Administrator recommends a vote within Guidelines and/or, where applicable, in accordance with the Agent’s recommendation, the Proxy Administrator will instruct the Agent to vote in this manner.
2. NON-VOTES: Votes in Which No Action is Taken
The Proxy Administrator may recommend that a client refrain from voting under the following circumstances: (i) if the economic effect on shareholders' interests or the value of the portfolio holding is indeterminable or insignificant, e.g., proxies in connection with securities no longer held in the portfolio of a client or proxies being considered on behalf of a client that is no longer in existence; or (ii) if the cost of voting a proxy outweighs the benefits, e.g., certain international proxies, particularly in cases in which share blocking practices may impose trading restrictions on the relevant portfolio security. In such instances, the Proxy Administrator may instruct the Agent not to vote such proxy.
Reasonable efforts shall be made to secure and vote all other proxies for the clients, but, particularly in markets in which shareholders' rights are limited, Non-Votes may also occur in connection with a client's related inability to timely access ballots or other proxy information in connection with its portfolio securities.
Non-Votes may also result in certain cases in which the Agent's recommendation has been deemed to be conflicted, as provided for herein.
3. OUT-OF-GUIDELINES VOTES: Votes Contrary to Guidelines, or Agent Recommendation, where applicable, Where No Recommendation is Provided by Agent, or Where Agent's Recommendation is Conflicted
If the Proxy Administrator recommends that a client vote contrary to the Guidelines, or the recommendation of the Agent, where applicable, if the Agent has made no recommendation on a matter requiring case-by-case consideration and the Guidelines are silent, or the Agent's recommendation on a matter requiring case-by-case consideration is deemed to be conflicted, the Proxy Administrator will forward the Agent’s analysis and recommendation and any research obtained from the Agent or any other source to the Proxy Group. The Proxy Group may consult with the Agent as it deems necessary. The Proxy Administrator will instruct the Agent to vote the proxy as recommended by the Proxy Group. The Adviser will provide a report to the Boards of Trustees of the Eaton Vance Funds reflecting any votes cast contrary to the Guidelines or Agent Recommendation, as applicable, and shall do so no less than annually. |
The Proxy Administrator will maintain a record of all proxy questions that have been referred by the Agent, all applicable recommendations, analysis and research received and any resolution of the matter.
V. Recordkeeping
The Advisers will maintain records relating to the proxies they vote on behalf of their clients in accordance with Section 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Those records will include:
- A copy of the Advisers’ proxy voting policies and procedures;
- Proxy statements received regarding client securities. Such proxy statements received from issuers are either in the SEC’s EDGAR database or are kept by the Agent and are available upon request;
- A record of each vote cast;
- A copy of any document created by the Advisers that was material to making a decision on how to vote a proxy for a client or that memorializes the basis for such a decision; and
- Each written client request for proxy voting records and the Advisers’ written response to any client request (whether written or oral) for such records.
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All records described above will be maintained in an easily accessible place for five years and will be maintained in the offices of the Advisers or their Agent for two years after they are created.
VI. Assessment of Agent and Identification and Resolution of Conflicts with Clients
| A. Assessment of Agent
The Advisers shall establish that the Agent (i) is independent from the Advisers, (ii) has resources that indicate it can competently provide analysis of proxy issues, and (iii) can make recommendations in an impartial manner and in the best interests of the clients and, where applicable, their beneficial owners. The Advisers shall utilize, and the Agent shall comply with, such methods for establishing the foregoing as the Advisers may deem reasonably appropriate and shall do so not less than annually as well as prior to engaging the services of any new proxy voting service. The Agent shall also notify the Advisers in writing within fifteen (15) calendar days of any material change to information previously provided to an Adviser in connection with establishing the Agent's independence, competence or impartiality.
B. Conflicts of Interest
As fiduciaries to their clients, each Adviser puts the interests of its clients ahead of its own. In order to ensure that relevant personnel of the Advisers are able to identify potential material conflicts of interest, each Adviser will take the following steps: |
| Quarterly, the Eaton Vance Legal and Compliance Department will seek information from the department heads of each |
| department of the Advisers and of Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (“EVD”) (an affiliate of the Advisers and principal |
| underwriter of certain Eaton Vance Funds). Each department head will be asked to provide a list of significant clients |
| or prospective clients of the Advisers or EVD. |
| A representative of the Legal and Compliance Department will compile a list of the companies identified (the “Conflicted |
| Companies”) and provide that list to the Proxy Administrator. |
| The Proxy Administrator will compare the list of Conflicted Companies with the names of companies for which he or she |
| has been referred a proxy statement (the “Proxy Companies”). If a Conflicted Company is also a Proxy Company, the |
| Proxy Administrator will report that fact to the Proxy Group. |
| If the Proxy Administrator expects to instruct the Agent to vote the proxy of the Conflicted Company strictly according to |
| the Guidelines contained in these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the “Policies”) or the recommendation of the |
| Agent, as applicable, he or she will (i) inform the Proxy Group of that fact, (ii) instruct the Agent to vote the proxies and |
| (iii) record the existence of the material conflict and the resolution of the matter. |
| If the Proxy Administrator intends to instruct the Agent to vote in a manner inconsistent with the Guidelines contained |
| herein or the recommendation of the Agent, as applicable, the Proxy Group, in consultation with Eaton Vance senior |
| management, will then determine if a material conflict of interest exists between the relevant Adviser and its clients. If |
| the Proxy Group, in consultation with Eaton Vance senior management, determines that a material conflict exists, prior |
| to instructing the Agent to vote any proxies relating to these Conflicted Companies the Adviser will seek instruction on |
| how the proxy should be voted from: |
| • | The client, in the case of an individual or corporate client; |
| • | In the case of a Fund, its board of directors, any committee or sub-committee or group of Independent Trustees (as |
| | long as such committee, sub-committee or group contains at least two or more Independent Trustees); or |
| • | The adviser, in situations where the Adviser acts as a sub-adviser to such adviser. |
The Adviser will provide all reasonable assistance to each party to enable such party to make an informed decision.
If the client, Fund board or adviser, as the case may be, fails to instruct the Adviser on how to vote the proxy, the Adviser will generally instruct the Agent, through the Proxy Administrator, to abstain from voting in order to avoid the appearance of impropriety. If however, the failure of the Adviser to vote its clients’ proxies would have a material adverse economic impact on the Advisers’ clients’ securities holdings in the Conflicted Company, the Adviser may instruct the Agent, through the Proxy Administrator, to vote such proxies in order to protect its clients’ interests. In either case, the Proxy Administrator will record the existence of the material conflict and the resolution of the matter.
The Advisers shall also identify and address conflicts that may arise from time to time concerning the Agent. Upon the Advisers’ request, which shall be not less than annually, and within fifteen (15) calendar days of any material change to such information previously provided to an Adviser, the Agent shall provide the Advisers with such information as the Advisers deem reasonable and appropriate for use in determining material relationships of the Agent that may pose a conflict of interest with respect to the Agent’s proxy analysis or recommendations. Such information shall include, but is not limited to, a monthly report from the Agent detailing the Agent’s Corporate Securities Division clients and related revenue data. The Advisers shall review such information on a monthly
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basis. The Proxy Administrator shall instruct the Agent to refer any proxies for which a material conflict of the Agent is deemed to be present to the Proxy Administrator. Any such proxy referred by the Agent shall be referred to the Proxy Group for consideration accompanied by the Agent’s written analysis and voting recommendation. The Proxy Administrator will instruct the Agent to vote the proxy as recommended by the Proxy Group.
Eaton Vance State Municipal Income Funds |
SAI dated February 1, 2011 |